Timah Tasoh Reservoir, Perlis, Malaysia. Wan Ruslan Ismail

Timah Tasoh Reservoir, Perlis, Malaysia.
Wan Ruslan Ismail
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Penang
Timah Tasoh : water source for North Malaysia
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Dam Area ‐ 13.33 km2
Length : 1.52 km
Circumference: 5.9 km
Reservoir Capacity ‐ 40 millions m3
Dead Reservoir ‐ 6.7 millions m3 Life Reservoir ‐ 33.3 millions m3
Declare Security Area in 15 August 1993
Catchment Area ‐ 226 km2
Entry Average runoff ‐ 97 million m3 Entry Term Water ‐ 467.1 m3/s to 48 hours when floods
• Basic Information
• Location
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Timah Tasoh Reservoir ( 6º 36’ N; 100º 14’ E) is located near the Thailand border. The reservoir has a mean surface area of 13.33 km2 and a storage capacity of about 40 million m3.
The reservoir receives inputs from two main rivers, the Tasoh river and Pelarit River combined basin area of 191 km2 and supply approximately 97 million m3 of water into the reservoir annually. The reservoir is shallow with a maximum depth of 10m and submerged aquatic plants can be see along the shoreline and in shallow areas. History of Timah Tasoh Dam
• Penemuan Dua Sungai
•Sungai Timah
•Sungai Tasoh
Sg. Timah
Sg. Tasoh
•Melibatkan
•Ladang Getah : 943 ha
•Padi : 243 ha
•Penduduk : 306 orang ≈66
keluarga
•Penempatan Semula ke
Lubuk Sireh; pampasan
•Jalan Lama; Baru
PURPOSES • Main purpose: Create water supply system agriculture for area as wide as 3075 hectares(55 millions m³/year)
• Provide drinking water supply line for domestic supply(54,000 m³/day)
• Control and prevent flood occurrences in rainy season.
Timah Tasoh catchment area
Fig. 1: Land use in Timah Tasoh Reservoir catchment showing locations of raingauges (bold circle) and river gauging stations (bold triangle). Agriculture around the lake- high sediment and
nutrient input
Features of Timah Tasoh Reservoir
Height
17.3m
Crest Length
3455 m
Crest Height
32m
Type of Spillway
Controll spillway
Drainage basin area
191 km2
Average annual runoff
72km2
Area of reservoir
13.3 km2
Rainfall of Peninsular Malaysia
2008 Average = 2337 mm
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Pdg Besar
Tasoh
Lubok Sireh
2009 Average = 2362 mm
D ec
N ov
O ct
Sept
Aug
J u ly
June
M ay
Apr
M ar
F eb
Kaki Bukit
Jan
R a in f a ll ( m m )
2008
Wang Kelian
Ladang Perlis
Month
2009
Rainfall (mm)
1000
800
Pdg Besar
600
Tasoh
400
Lubok Sireh
200
Kaki Bukit
Wang Kelian
Month
22-23 Feb 2010
Dec
Nov
Oct
Sept
Aug
July
June
May
Apr
Mar
Feb
Jan
0
Ladang Perlis
Geology of Perlis
• Seven rock formations in the state of Perlis. • Machinchang formation, • Setul formation • Kubang Pasu formation • Chuping formations, • Tertiary beds and Quartenary Millennium • (Basir & Zaitun, 2002). • There are also granite rocks located in then northern state of Perlis. Landuse
Sg Jarum
Sg Pelarit
Hulu
Sg Chuchuh
Sg Tasoh
Area (km2)
Area (km2)
Area (km2)
Area (km2)
Area (km2)
Sugar
11.58
-
-
11.58
-
Settlement
0.74
0.35
0.19
2.68
0.35
Mixed crop
2.22
0.21
-
3.37
0.76
Scrubland
2.79
0.33
-
3.2
0.38
Rubber
12.94
2.09
-
25.87
5.13
Paddy
5.23
0.4
-
7.62
0.59
Forest
28.9
38.72
14.61
46.85
52.11
Grass
-
0.13
-
0.08
0.28
Quarry
-
0.5
-
-
0.5
TOTAL
64.4
42.72
14.8
101.25
60.1
Land use
Sg Pelarit
Hilir
Site
Land use at well site
Land use of the river catchment
Sg Tasoh Human dwelling
Mixed land use, rubber, paddy
Sg. Jarum Human dwelling
Mixed land use, Sg. Pelarit
Fruit orchard
Mixed land use
• Timah Tasoh Reservoir (TTR) is categorised as a shallow lake and man made lake in Malaysia. • The water inlet from the tributaries were Tasoh River, Pelarit River and Jarum River. • Changes in land use and vegetation cover nowadays resulted in major modification to freshwater runoff, sediment transport, fluxes of nutrients to lake systems. Biophysical features of Timah Tasoh reservoir
Phytoplankton: Thre were 3 division of algae in the Timah Tasoh Reservoir. Only 5 are dominant namely Bacillariophyta Sp. (46.4 %), Chlorophyta Sp. (31.2 %) dan Cyanophyta Sp. (10.4 %).
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Fishes : panchax Sp. ( Ikan Tahi bijih timah), nemurus Sp. (Ikan baung), lopis Sp. (Belida), notopterus Sp. (Selat), albus Sp.(Belut), hoevenii Sp. (Jelawat), nobilis Sp. (Kap kepala besar), idellus
Sp. (Kap rumput), gonionotus Sp. (Lampam Jawa), schwanenfeldii Sp. (Lampam sungai), carpio (Lee koh), anomalura Sp. Lalang, orphoides Sp. (Ikan pipi merah), hasselti Sp. (Rung/ Rong), macrolepidota Sp. (Sebarau), marginatus Sp. (Sia), apogon Sp. (Temperas), Labiobarbus Sp. (Kawan/ pucuk pisang), : fasciata Sp (Patong), testudineus
Sp. (Puyu), :pectoralis Sp. (Sepat siam), lucius Sp. (Bujuk), striata Sp. (Haruan), batrachus Sp. (Keli Kayu), mossambicus Sp.(Tilapia hitam), niloticus Sp. (Tilapia merah),
Trophic Status Index‐ Carlson 1977 Parameters
Secchi Depth (m)
Total Phosphate Chlorophyll‐a (µg/l)
(µg/l)
Range
1.05‐ 1.21
29.05 – 52.1 3.67 ‐ 92.4
Trophic Index 57.82
58.36
62.37
Classification
Mesotrophic
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
A eutrophic ("well-nourished") lake has high nutrients and high
plant growth.
An oligotrophic lake has low nutrient concentrations and low
plant growth.
Mesotrophic akes fall somewhere in between eutrophic and
oligotrophic lakes
Water Quality
Parameter
Unit
Mean + Std Dev
Temperature
o
Conductivity
mS/cm
0.26 + 0.05
pH
-
7.44 + 0.38
D.O.
mg/L
6.33 +1.26
TSS
mg/l
131.25 + 25.49
Ammonium NH4
mg/l
0.049 + 0.075
Nitrate NO3
mg/l
0.147 + 0.245
Nitrite NO2
mg/l
Phosphate
mg/l
Chlorophyll a
mg/m
Secchi disk depth
m
C
29.6 + 2.1
3
0.027 + 0.026
16.73 + 11.64
0.82
Retention Time
• Filling Rate = 6 month
• Flushing Rate = 4 month
LAKE MANAGEMENT
• The capacity of small dams cause water levels rose quickly when heavy rain. Raise Timah Tasoh capacity, cause when Spillway opened, cause flooding in downstream areas. Suggestion : Raise Timah Tasoh standard(in construction)
Increase height as much as 3.5m
Increase capacity of 40million m3 to 70million m3
• Upgrade downstream rivers dam
• Build water deviation for catchment area Arau
• Placed stone block (rip rap) before embankment to prevent erosion
• In install instruments for security control.
Starting 09 Jan 2010…
to new height >> 10 Jan 2011 Lebar 7 m
Aras Ketinggian Baru + 35.67 m
10 Jan 2011
Aras Normal Takungan + 29.1m
Tambakan
Baru
T
Empangan Utama Sedia Ada
Isipadu Takungan =33 MCM
New level Lebar 7 m
Aras Baru + 35.67 m
Aras Takungan Baru + 32.60 m
Empangan Baru Setelah ditinggikan
Aras Air
ditinggikan
3.5m
Isipadu Baru Takungan =87.3 MCM
Value added of Project of Raising Water level“Flood By‐Pass” – West and East Route
Wang Kelian
Padang Besar
Chuping
Jajaran Barat
Jajaran Timur
Kangar
Kuala Perlis
Arau
o Untuk mengatasi masalah banjir di sekitar saluran sungai sedia ada
o Memudahkan penyebaran air
o Miningkatkan pengunaan “Flood By‐
Pass”
“Flood By‐Pass” – West Route Wang Kelian
Cadangan Jajaran ini:
Padang Besar
¾Cadangan asal JPS; khusus untuk saluran luahan banjir
Chuping
¾ Terus ke masuk ke Terusan Lencongan Banjir Utara dan kemudian ke Sg. Perlis
Changlun
Kangar
Kuala Perlis
Arau
¾ Panjang 16 Km, lebar 60 m (3 Ch.) Luas keperluan tanah 96 ha.
“Flood By‐Pass” – East Route
Wang Kelian
Cadangan Jajaran ini:
¾Mengelak bebanan air tambahan sekitar Kangar; pengurusan aliran dalam sungai‐
sungai semasa banjir dan kemarau
Padang Besar
¾ Memberi potensi untuk guna sama dengan pengairan (Jika tidak, saluran ini hanya digunakan sekali sekala semasa limpahan aliran banjir)
Chuping
Changlun
Kangar
Arau
¾ Memberi peluang pembangunan kawasan padi dan tanaman lain (7,000 ha anggaran)
Kuala Perlis
¾ Menyambung sistem sebaran sumber air untuk kawasan utara (NCER)
¾Panjang 25 km, lebar 17‐21 m, keluasan tanah 58 ha
Tourism Proposed River conservation programme :
• Installation trap waste before enter into the lake
• oil and grease trap installation
• Create monitoring water quality regularly, for example about 3 months.
Lake management programme
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Try to solve source of pollution. ’Prevention is better than cure’ –
Authority to monitor water quality about 3 month – status of lake.
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Urbanisation – resort, farming, cattle farming –contribute effluentproblem lake system. Try to filter the pollutant enter the reservoir.
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Farming on the periphery of lake
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To conduct briefings- staff, student, people, NGO’s about importance
and contribution of reservoir.
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Dialogue and cooperation with related agencies such as local authorities
and DOE to identify pollution prevention programs and implementation
of river monitoring of 'effuent' into the river and check water
parameters according WQI.
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Creating zones for recreation and health of a safe, user-friendly and
environmentally friendly- love and appreciate the nature
Impact stories
• One of the major impact stories of the Timah Tasoh lake is that DID had spent millions of ringgit to clean the water from water plants thriving in the lake. Maintenance involved high‐cost for removal of aquatic plants in 2000 at a cost of RM 2.4 million. • River inputs from upstream areas –
urban, farms, agricultural cause high nutrient and sediment input • Rubbish after high rain from upstream area of Padang Besar
Flood Cattle farming at Padang Mawar
Effluent from the cattle farming area Governance Issues
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Authority issues boat and personal watercraft driver licences, vessel
registrations, aquatic licences for special water related events
Security‐ 50 m from embankment for fisherman
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The Fisheries Act 1985 (Act 317) is a Malaysian federal act relating to the administration and management of fisheries, including the conservation and development of maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries in Malaysia waters, protection to aquatic mammals and turtles and riverine fishing in Malaysia and to matters connected to establishment of marine parks and marine reserves.‐
need to ‘protect key fish habitats’ and ‘to
Key challenges
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Each and every lake may be different, but the same management techniques will work on each and every body of water. The most important part of managing anything, is having a thorough understanding of the subject and learning how to identify and diagnose problems. Once a lake manager is aware of lake inputs, potential lake problems , and how to remedy those issues can truly manage the lake. •
Timah Tasoh reservoir‐ to maintained clean waas it receives inputs from agricultural and urban and avoid eutrophication problem.
promote ecologically sustainable development’. •
Conclusion
• Timah Tasoh lake is the main source of water for Perlis. • At present high sediment and nutrient loading to freshwater systems increases as a result of human activities
• Water quality monitoring and watershed management is crucial to maintain a good water quality. • The integrated lake basin management should be implemented Acknowledgement
• Drainage and Irrigation Department of Perlis.
• Ministry of Science and Technology, Malaysia for funding through the IRPA Program 08‐02‐
05‐0015.