UNIT 1 REPORT INFORMATION “Language Information 1” E.T.E.

UNIT 1
REPORT INFORMATION
“Language Information 1”
E.T.E. Karim Juárez Cortés
Idea Original y Diseño
Knowledge
Language Information 1
Reported Speech
Direct Speech is exactly what someone says. We use quotation marks (“”) in
direct speech.
“Your hair looks great!
And you are really
pretty”
“OK boys, wait a
moment one by one
because I can’t listen to
your opinions clearly”
Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the
exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech.
Example:
o George said (that) her hair looked great and she was really pretty.
o The teacher said to the students (that) to wait a moment because she
couldn’t listen to their opinions clearly.
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REPORTING GENERAL TRUTHS
When we report something which is always true, the verb tense is the
same as in direct speech.
Examples:
Direct Speech:
 “My father has bad temper”, Susana says.
 “Whales are endangered species”, he says.
 “Mexico city is too polluted”, he says to his sister.
Reported Speech:
 She says that her father has bad temper.
 He says that Wales are endangered species.
 He says to his sister that Mexico is too polluted.
REPORTING STATEMENTS
Direct Speech
“I want to help with
the new Marketing
project”.
Reported Speech
She says (that) she wants to help with
the new Marketing project.
NOTE: When the reporting verb (say, tell
etc) is in the simple present, the verb tenses
do not change in reporting speech. We use
the same tense as direct speech.
She said (that) she wanted to help with
the new Marketing project.
NOTE: When the reporting verb changes in
the past tense, the verb tenses in direct
speech change in reported speech.
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In reported speech, we say what someone else said and the word
THAT is optional.
Examples:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
 “I feel nervous”, Susana said.
 Susana said that she felt nervous.
OR
Susana said she felt nervous.
 Rodrigo: “I won an award”.
 Rodrigo told us that he had won an
award.
OR
Rodrigo told us he had won an award.
In reported speech the personal pronouns also change.
Examples:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
 “I lost my keys”, Susana said
 Susana said that she had lost her
keys.
 Rodrigo: “I’m tired and my head
hurts”.
 “ He is right,” she says
 Rodrigo said to me that he was tired
and his head hurt.
 She said that he was right.
Some words change too, especially those which express time.
Examples:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
 “Ana isn’t here”, Susana said
 Susana said that Ana wasn’t there.
 Rodrigo: “I’ll come back next
week”.
 “I went to Mexico city yesterday”,
Susana said.
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 Rodrigo said to me that he would
come back the following week.
 Susana said that she had gone to
Mexico City the day before.
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When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb tenses change in
reported speech.
DIRECT SPEECH
Simple Present
“ I want to go out tonight”, he said.
REPORTED SPEECH
Simple Past
He said that he wanted to go out that
night.
Present Continuous
“ I am looking for information on the
web”, he said.
Past Continuous
He said that he was looking for
information on the web.
Future “Will”
“ I will buy a new history book”, he
said.
“Would”
He said that he would buy a new history
book.
“Can”
“ I can’t go to the doctor with you”,
he said.
“Could”
He said to Ana that he couldn’t go to the
doctor with her.
“May”
“I may participate in the literature
contest,” he said.
“Might”
He said that he might participate in the
literature contest.
“Be ( am/ is/ are) + going to “
“I’m going to buy a new computer
next weekend”, he said.
“Be ( Was/ were) + going to “
He said that he was going to buy a new
computer the following weekend.
Simple Past
Past Perfect
“I met my best friend in high school”, He said that he had met his best friend
he said.
in high school.
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Present Perfect
“I have visited a lot of cultural
places”, he said.
Past Perfect
“I had prepared the food”, he said.
Past continuous
“Thomas was eating with his
girlfriend”, he said.
Present perfect continuous
“I have been working on my
Marketing project for 2 weeks”, he
said.
Past perfect Continuous
“ I had been working in the factory”,
he said.
He said that he had visited a lot of
cultural places.
He said that he had prepared the food.
Past Perfect Continuous
He said that Thomas had been eating
with his girlfriend.
He said that he had been working on
his Marketing project for 2 weeks.
He said that he had been working in the
factory.
SAY or TELL
We use SAY or TELL both in direct and reported speech.
Examples:
Direct Speech:
 “I don’t want to go to the discotheque”, Ricardo said.
Reported Speech:
 Ricardo said (that) he didn’t want to go to the
discotheque.
(We use say without a personal pronoun)
 Ricardo said to me (that) he didn’t want to go to the discotheque.
(We always use TO after SAY if we are going to mention a personal pronoun.)
 Ricardo told me (that) he didn’t want to go to the discotheque.
(We always use TELL with a personal pronoun and we never use TO with TELL)
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Say and Tell are also used with the next expressions:
SAY





TELL
Good morning, Good afternoon, etc.
Something, nothing, etc.
One’s prayers
A few words
No more etc.








The truth
A lie
A secret
A story
The time
The difference
Somebody one’s name
One’s fortune, etc.
REPORTING QUESTIONS
Examples:
Direct speech
Read the next bubbles about some questions that a girl asked.
Where do you
live?
Do you like to
dance reggae
music?
Did you go to
the welcome
party yesterday?
What are you
doing?
Reported Speech
Now read the reported speech form of the previous questions.
Yesterday …
 Susana asked me if I liked to
dance reggae music.
 She asked (me) if I had gone to
the welcome party the day
before.
E.T.E. Karim Juárez Cortés
Yesterday…
 She asked ( me) where I lived
 She asked (me) what I was
doing.
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Yes- No questions FORM
Ask + if + subject + verb
Wh- questions FORM
Ask + WH + subject + verb
REPORTING ORDERS OR INSTRUCTIONS
Direct Speech
Read the next bubbles about some instructions a teacher is giving in class.
Do your
homework.
Don’t arrive late.
Don’t eat in the
classroom.
Keep silence.
Reported Speech
Now, read the reported form of the previous orders and instructions.
Yesterday …
 Our teacher ordered us to keep
silence.
 Our teacher told us to do our
homework.
Yesterday…
 Our teacher said not to arrive
late.
 Our teacher said not to eat in the
classroom.
To report instructions we use:
Affirmative:
Ask/ tell/ say / order + direct object + TO – infinitive
Negative:
Ask/ tell/ say / order + direct object + NOT + TO – infinitive
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Time Expressions
When we use certain words that express time in direct speech, we also
change them in reported speech as follows.
Direct Speech
 Tonight, today
Reported Speech
 That night, that day
 Now
 Then, at the time
 Yesterday, last night, last week,
 The day before, the night before,
etc .
 Tomorrow, next week, next
month, etc.
 Two days ago, three hours ago,
etc.
 This, these
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the week before, etc.
 The following day, the following
week, the following month, etc.
 Three days before, three hours
before, etc.
 That, those
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R E F E R E N C E S:

Evans Virginia and Dooley Jenny (1999). Enterprise 2 Course book. USA: Express Publishing.

Evans Virginia and Dooley Jenny (1999). Enterprise 2 Grammar book. USA: Express
Publishing.

Evans Virginia and Dooley Jenny (1999). Enterprise 3 Grammar book. USA: Express Publishing.

C. Richards Jack and Proctor Susan (1997). New interchange student’s book. USA: Cambridge University
Press.

Stempleski Susan and Curtis Andy (2005). World Link 3 teacher’s book. USA: Thomson.

Redston Chirs and Cunningham (2005). Face2Face pre- intermediate student’s book. Italy: Cambridge
University Press.

Johannsen Kristin (2010). World English 3 teacher’s book. USA: Heinle, Cengage Learning.
IMAGES TAKEN FROM:
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Gossiping: http://www.parentsconnect.com/editorial_images/17/man-telling-secrets-280X280-intro.JPG
Classroom:http://guldasta.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/freedomwriters.jpg
Woman: http://www.smallfuel.com/images/uploads/confident-marketer.jpg
Woma2: http://mural.uv.es/sanchez3/conversation2.jpg
Instructions:http://www.swaynebensonloftis.net/resources/_wsb_155x223_Angry+Teacher+Fotolia_5469348_X
S.jpg
Gossiping2:http://www.bloodhoundrealty.com/BloodhoundBlog/?p=2127
Discotheque = http://www.actiweb.es/evolution-discotheque/index.html
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