Community Well Being Index - Community Development Council | of

Transcription

Community Well Being Index
Indicators of well being and quality of life
In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties
Community Development Council of Quinte
49 Albion Street
Belleville, Ontario
K8N 3R7
Telephone: 613-968-2466
Fax: 613-968-2251
E-mail: [email protected]
H: www.lks.net/~cdc
This document is the property of the Community Development Council of Quinte
Community Well Being Index
Indicators of well being and quality of life
in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties
prepared by:
Scott Henderson
V. (Roni) Summers Wickens
for
The Community Development Council of Quinte
49 Albion Street
Belleville, Ontario
K8N 3R7
T: (613) 968-2466
F: (613) 968-2251
E: [email protected] or [email protected]
H: http://www.lks.net/~cdc
April 2001
Funding for the project has been made possible, in part, through the financial support of
The Ontario Trillium Foundation.
Index
Section
General Category
Indicators
I
Introduction
II
Summary of Indicators
III
Basic Demographics
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Land Area
Population
Marital Status
Households
Mobility Status
Children At Home
Language
Seniors
Population Sustainability
Population Growth Rates
Ethnicity
General Summary
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
IV
Economy
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Economic Development
Census Family Income
Average Family Income
Economic Low Income
Income Comparisons
Self-Employment Income
Government Transfers
Social Assistance Beneficiaries
Bankruptcies
Economics – Aging
Poverty
Working Poor
Food Security
2
3
3
4
5
8
11
15
16
18
20
24
25
V
Rural Economy
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Ontario Task Force
Declining Youth Population
2
4
VI
Labour Market
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Definitions
Labour Force Working
Local Analysis
1996 Characteristics
Occupations
Full-time/Part-Time
Contributors
2
3
3
5
6
9
10
2
2
4
6
VII
Voluntary Service Sector
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Canada
United Way Member Agencies
Funding Sources
Labour Market
VIII
Education
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Attainment Levels
Loyalist College
Public School Board
Separate School Board
Sir James Whitney
Private Schools
2
4
8
9
10
12
IX
Municipal Government
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Amalgamation
Key Areas of Spending
Public Sector Priorities
2
3
7
X
Voter Participation
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Municipal Elections
Provincial Elections
Federal Elections
2
7
15
XI
Emergency & Protective Services
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Policing
Criminal Justice Statistics
Adults Charged
Youth Crime
Crime Stoppers
Fire Services
Arson
Fire Prevention
911
Ambulance Services
Ambulance Response Times
Personal Safety
2
7
12
16
23
24
29
31
33
34
36
46
XII
Health
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Physicians
Health Care Spending
Accessibility
Hospital Restructuring
Cancer
Neoplasms
Communicable Disease
Cause of Death
Life Expectancy
Hospitalization
Birth Rates (Mother)
Teen Mothers
2
6
7
9
10
24
27
36
39
43
48
50
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Abortion & Teen Pregnancy
Low Birth Rates
Smoking
Asthma
Diabetes
Determinants of Health
51
52
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57
59
60
XIII
Housing
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Households
Dwellings
Rental Costs
High Shelter Costs
Electrical Costs
Base Shelter Costs
Social Housing
Independent Living
Homelessness
Housing & Youth
Emergency Housing
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
9
11
12
13
XIV
Transportation & Road Safety
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Motor Vehicles
Mode of Transportation & Work
Public Transit
Motor Vehicle Emissions
Transit Ridership
Gasoline Prices
Motor Vehicle Collisions
Provincial Highways
4
6
7
8
10
11
13
18
XV
Environment
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Prince Edward County
National Wildlife Areas
Prince Edward County Wetlands
Hastings County
Hastings County Wetlands
Air Quality
Particulate Matter
Environmental Pollutants/Spills
Pollution Watch
Water Quality
Drinking Water Surveillance
Waste
Trash Bash
Recycling
Household Hazardous Waste
Protection/Clean Up
In the News
2
3
5
14
19
22
25
29
30
35
41
46
47
49
53
54
60
Appendix I
Annotated Bibliography
Appendix II
Acknowledgements
Introduction:
Since 1997, the Community Development Council of Quinte has, in partnership with the Ontario Social Development
Council and the Social Planning Network of Ontario, participated in a research project aimed at measuring the quality
of life in Ontario Communities. As such, the Community Development Council has collected data pertaining to twelve
indicators in four categories (health, economics, social and environmental) all of which affect the quality of life of
residents of Hastings & Prince Edward Counties and across the province. By monitoring trends affecting quality of
life, communities have been provided with an opportunity to celebrate its strengths and to further explore those
areas that adversely affect the quality of life of its citizens.
Through that research and the feedback received by the Council over the years, it became clear that the Quality of
Life Index Project, although innovative in its approach to measuring community well being, provided but a small
snapshot of community well being. Its system of scoring unduly influenced the outcome. High scores in some
areas, such as being among the national leaders in the operation of area recycling programs, undermined the
seriousness of those areas where communities have seen set backs, such as increased numbers of low birth weight
babies being born in the region.
In 1999 and 2000, the Community Development Council of Quinte facilitated a series of community discussions
pertaining to quality of life in the region. In both the public forum and through private focus groups, we were
provided with dozens of suggestions on indicators of community well being. Community leaders suggested that we
should attempt to explore a wider range of indicators, focusing less on those areas of weakness than on celebrating
the strengths and scope of community. Local citizens suggested that in order to make the research meaningful, we
should focus on those areas that directly affect the daily lives of individuals living in communities. We were told that
whatever we do, we must tell the real story of community quality of life - the good, the bad, and the ugly. We were
told that unless we expose the ugly, arguably, the policies and practices that oppress community residents, we could
not expect to influence community well being.
The difficulty, then and now, is to balance those issues so that the story can be told.
At the onset of the research project, it was the intent of the Community Development Council of Quinte to collect data
on a variety of indicators which, when applied mathematically to the measurement tools used in the Quality of Life
Index Project, would identify the progress and setbacks of community well being. Early in our research it became
clear that this would not be plausible.
While on the one hand, there are many factors that positively impact the well being of community residents, on the
other, there are many that negatively impact it. While on the one hand, there is much to celebrate, on the other,
there is much work to be done if community strives to improve the quality of life of all its citizens. Complicating this
dilemma is the fact that information is not collected uniformly and in a timely fashion across the region. Information
and data collection is hampered by the allocation of resources dedicated to collecting and understanding data. It is
further influenced by the capacity of organizations and agencies to collect information and to analyze it free of bias.
Third party data analysis, such as that proposed by the Community Development Council of Quinte, is impeded by
the willingness of organizations to share the information that is collected. Furthermore, it became apparent that
very often, data interpretation is left to the vagaries of its collectors and its use influenced by the advantages it
provides to its collectors.
Our requests for information were often met with suspicion regarding how the information was going to be used.
Some potential data sources refused outright to share information, others did not have a process for doing so.
Unused to being asked to share information, they appeared hesitant to do so for fear of setting precedence.
Determining the person amongst organizations and agencies who was authorized to release information to the
Community Development Council of Quinte was also problematic. Very often, because information is not collected
uniformly, the request was a seen as a huge and time-consuming task, one that potential data sources were simply
unwilling or unable to undertake. Municipal offices, for example, purge data regularly. Consequently, establishing a
base year from which to compare data was improbable. The amalgamation of municipalities, organizations, and
agencies further exacerbated an organization’s ability to access information. The project was simply too arduous to
continue as intended.
Without a pre-determined methodology from which to continue, it was necessary for us to re-evaluate the goals of
the project.
!
To identify the social, health, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to community well being was
still within our reach.
!
To identify no fewer than twenty-five indicators that contribute to community well being was also reasonable; to
do so within a framework that measured well being was not.
!
To include data from a variety of sectoral partners, while more difficult, was still achievable.
!
To report our findings, essential.
The Community Development Council of Quinte undertook an extensive literature review to determine whether a
project of this scope had ever been successfully undertaken elsewhere. Despite the fact that a number of
organizations across North America had conducted indicator projects, each had specific limitations resulting in our
having to discard their methodology from consideration for this project. Consequently, the Community Development
Council of Quinte was forced to either abandon the project or create a new way of doing business. Drawing upon
the research used in community profiling, such as that completed by the Halton Social Planning Council, and the
Truckee Meadows Quality of Life Indicators Project, we forged ahead.
Instead of establishing an index that measures progress and setbacks mathematically, the index inventoried
information collected in the region. By establishing an inventory of the information that is collected, we could study
the data, summarize its contribution to community well being and disseminate information within the context of
holistic determinants of health. By doing so through broad categories we could continue to explore the interplay
between sectors and, ideally, can contribute to community well being by ensuring local public policy decision makers
have access to factual community based data with which to strengthen public policy and, in turn, community well
being.
Summary of Indicators of Well Being & Impact On Community
Basic Demographics:
Indicator
Hastings
Land Area
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
"
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$
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Population Per Sq. Km.
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Total Population
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%
%
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$-&
$-&
(Natural Growth Rate)
Official Language
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$-&
$-&
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%
%
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Cultural Diversity
"
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%
%
&
&
Number of Dwellings
Population by Age
Marital Status
Household Composition
Children At Home
Notes
Quinte West amalgamation with Murray Township
increased land area of Hastings County from 5967 sq.
km to 6179 sq. km.
While increased numbers of dwellings increase economic
contribution, it also increases demand on municipal and
regional services.
Growth rate has been marginal, its impact is neither
negative or positive.
Growth rates have been marginal. Impact is neither
negative or positive.
An aging population, when coupled with a declining youth
population affects sustainability of skills and resources
locally and increases demand on services.
Declining marriage rates and increasing divorce rates
results in greater numbers of lone parent families which
very often alters an families economic means.
Declining birth rates, coupled with children staying at
home longer affects sustainability and economic well
being of community, yet, support by family unit
strengthens community and reduces demands on
services.
More deaths than births occurred in a number of
communities. Deseronto was especially hard hit.
There is limited knowledge of both official languages in
the region.
There is limited cultural diversity in the region.
Economics
Indicator
Hastings
Census Families
< $10,000
Census Families
$10,000 – $19,999
Census Families
$20,000 – $29,999
Census Families
$30,000 – $39,999
Census Families
$40,000 – $49,999
$50,000 - $59,999
$60,000 - $ 69,000
Census Families
$70,000 – $79,999
$80,000 - $89,999
$90,000 - $ 99,000
$100,000 +
Average Family Income by
Labour Market Area
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
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$
$
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$
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$-&
$-&
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%
%
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%
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$-&
$-&
Income By Employment
Notes
Low income and poverty has a negative impact on
individual and community well being.
Low income and poverty has a negative impact on
individual and community well being.
High numbers of low income and working poor families
(depending upon family size) earn less than $30,000
annually.
The greatest number of income earners in both Hastings
& Prince Edward Counties earn less than $40,000 per
year but more than $30,000.
Combined, these income earners form the economic
engine of community.
Although disproportionate in comparison to Ontario
averages, upper-middle income earners contribute to the
economic stability of community.
Although lower than Ontario as an average, family income
in both regions are mid-income range, indicating
economic stability.
Tax filer data, analysed as part of a labour market area,
indicates North Hastings is at risk of financial instability.
All regions lower than Ontario average.
While employment income is the ideal economic measure,
income in the North is dramatically lower than the Ontario
and Southern averages. Part-time, self-employment, and
other incomes are poor surrogates for conventional
income.
Economics continued…
Indicator
Hastings
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
Government Transfers
Employment Insurance
Recipients
Social Assistance Transfers
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Bankruptcies
Economics of Aging
Poverty
Food Security - Access
Notes
Employment insurance, federal supplements, Canada
Pension Plan, Child Tax Benefits, Social assistance and
other forms of government support are higher than
provincial averages are increasing.
Fewer recipients of Employment Insurance ideally indicate
greater employment opportunities in the region, however,
Tax-filers receiving Employment Insurance is higher than
provincial average.
Both North and South had higher percentage of taxfilers
in reciept of social assistance than the province.
The number of social assistance beneficiaries in the region
saw an incline between the years 1990 – 1997 and a
decline between 1997 – 2000. 2000 is still higher than
the base year.
The number of bankruptcies in the region continues to
climb, the Cumulative Debt exceeds $2 million, the highest
in the past five years. Increasing numbers of people
require credit counselling services.
Older adults in families are less likely to experience low
income or poverty than unattached seniors. Senior
women are most at risk.
Young families, w omen, and children are most likely to
experience poverty.
Economics determine a family’s ability to provide for the
food security needs of their members. A family of four
must spend $108.94 per week in order to attain the
recommended nutritional intake of the Food Guide.
Rural Economy
Indicator
Hastings
Region
Prince Edward
Declining Youth Population
"
"
Community Infrastructure
"
"
Hastings
~
~
Trend Line
Prince Edward
~
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Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
&
&
$
$
Notes
A declining youth population affects community capacity
now and for the long-term.
Investment in community infrastructure enables
sustainability in rural communities.
Labour Market:
Indicator
Hastings
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
"
"
%
%
&
&
Labour Force Unemployed
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%
%
$
$
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Unemployment Rate
Unemployment Rate By
Community
Participation Rate
Notes
Fewer people are working as a base rate per 10,000
than in 1990.
Fewer people in the labour force are unemployed in the
region.
Unemployment rate in Hastings County is higher than
provincial average and the average for Economic Region
515. Prince Edward fared better against the province
but lower than Economic Region 515.
The unemployment rates in the City of Belleville, (former)
City of Trenton, Town of Picton, Village of Wellington,
Village of Bancroft, Village of Madoc, Village of Marmora,
and Village of Tweed exceeded the provincial average.
Participation rates in Hastings and Prince Edward
Counties are lower than that of the Province.
Labour Market continued…
Indicator
Hastings
Participation Rate by Community
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
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Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
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$-&
$-&
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Employment Rate
Employment Rate by Community
Labour Market Contributors
Notes
Only three communities had participation rates greater
than the Province. All others had lower participation rates
than that of the province. Our aging population can
account for some of the lower participation rates by
community.
Employment rates in Hastings and Prince Edward County
are lower than the Province. Prince Edward County,
however, exceeds the employment rate for Economic
Region 515.
Employment rates in the former City of Trenton, Village of
Madoc, Village of Bancroft, Village of Marmora, and Village
of Tweed are significantly below the participation rate of
the province.
Labour Market contributors such as Economic
Development and Business Development organizations
result in investments to local community.
Indicator
Hastings
Number of Charitable
Organizations in Region
United Way Support to the Sector
Provincial Support of Voluntary
Sector
Federal Support of Voluntary
Sector
Municipal Support of Voluntary
Sector
Charitable Giving
User/Program and Other Fees
Labour Market and Economic
Contribution by Voluntary Sector
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
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Notes
There are 282 registered charities in Hastings & Prince
Edward Counties.
United Way support to the voluntary sector continues to
increase.
Provincial Support is specific to a limited number of United
Way agencies, but makes up the bulk of financial support
to other charitable organizations in the region.
Federal support to the sector is specific to a very small
number of organizations within the region.
Municipal support to the sector is specific to a very small
number of organizations within the region.
73% of United Way Member Agencies and 3% of nonUnited Way Agencies are also supported through
charitable giving in the region.
47% of United Way Member Agencies and 10% of NonUnited Way Member Agencies are supported through
user/program and other fees.
The sector employs more than 1500 individuals within the
region.
Education
Indicator
Hastings
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
Education Attainment Levels
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Education Attainment Level by
Community
Loyalist College Graduates
Working in the Field of Training
Elementary & Secondary Schools
Notes
Neither Hastings nor Prince Edward County has attained
anywhere near the education attainment levels of the
province for high school certificates, trades or nonuniversity certificates, or University Completion.
Sidney Township, Thurlow Township, Ameliasburgh
Township, Murray Township, and South Marysburgh
exceed the provincial high school certificate rate. Only
Ameliasburgh & South Marysburgh exceed the province in
trades or non-university certificates. No community comes
even close to the provincial University rates. To the
contrary, Madoc, Marmora, Tweed, Murray and Trenton
rates are exceedingly low compared to the province as a
whole.
The number of Graduates in five fields of study working in
their field of training is on the incline.
The region has varied academic options including public,
separate, and private schools in the region.
Municipal Governments
Indicator
Hastings
Municipal Governments
Municipal Expenditures by
Region
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
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Notes
Forty municipalities were reduced to 16 as a result of
amalgamation.
Generally, municipal expenditures have increased postamalgamation. Of the four study areas, only Centre
Hastings saw a reduction in post-amalgamation expenses
over pre-amalgamation.
Voter Participation
Indicator
Hastings
Voter Participation in Municipal
Elections
Voter Participation in Provincial
Elections
Voter Participation in Federal
Elections
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
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#
$
$
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%
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%
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Notes
Increased numbers of voters in municipal elections
indicates a resurgence in civic participation.
Voter participation in provincial elections is on the decline.
Voter participation in federal elections is on the decline.
Emergency & Protection Services
Indicator
Hastings
Incidence Rate by Community
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
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Adults Charged by Region
Adults Charged by Community
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Youth charged by Region
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Type of Crime – Drug Related
Type of Crime - Violence
Type of Crime – Property
Youth charged by community
Fire - Incidence of Fire
Fire – Arson Rates
Fire Prevention Activity
Notes
Increased incident rates in Deseronto, Bancroft, and
Stirling has a negative impact on community quality of life.
Drug related activity has increased in Centre Hastings,
Bancroft, Quinte West, Stirling, Belleville, and Deseronto,
but decreased in Prince Edward.
Centre, Deseronto, Quinte West, Stirling and Belleville all
report increased crimes of violence. Bancroft, and Prince
Edward Report decreased number of violent crimes.
Stirling was the only place where property crimes
increased. Throughout the region, property crimes are on
the decline.
The number of adults charged in on the decline.
Belleville, Quinte West, and Stirling saw a decline in the
number of adults charged. Centre Hastings and Deseronto
saw large increases.
The number of youth charged is on the decline in Hastings
County but on the increase in Prince Edward.
The number of youth charged is on the decline or static in
every community but Deseronto. Deseronto was the only
community to have seen an increase as a rate per 1000.
Incidence of fire has declined in both Counties.
Arson rates have declined in both Counties.
Fire Prevention Activity has increased in both Counties.
Emergency & Protection Services continued…
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Personal Safaetey
Only Bancroft and (LaSalle Ambulance) Belleville
ambulances have improved Code 4 90th Percentile
Response Times for MOH Standard Report Times for
Adjusted Primary Areas. Response time in Madoc was
more than 2 minutes longer in 1998 than in 1996.
Thousands of area residents face issues pertaining to
their personal safety, especially women and children. The
number of children admitted to care of children’s
protective services continues to increase, indicating that
families under stress is on the incline.
Health
Indicator
Hastings
Physician – Patient Ratio
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
"
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#
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$
Availability of Physician Care
"
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Cancer
"
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#
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"
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Cancer by Incidence Type
- Lung, Breast, Colorectal,
Prostate, Pancreas,
Leukemia
Notes
Hastings County exceeds doctor-patient ratios resulting in
“underservice” designation while Prince Edward has
doctor patient ratios in keeping with Ontario benchmarks.
Doctors accepting new patients is limited to residents of
Stirling, Frankford, Bancroft, Prince Edward and Madoc.
New Cancer cases exceed Ontario averages and continue
to rise throughout the region.
Standard incidence rates in Hastings & Prince Edward
Counties is high.
Health continued…
Cancer by Incidence Type
- Stomach, Bladder, Kidney
Death Due to Neoplasms
(Cancers)
"
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$
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"
"
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Communicable Disease
Cause of Death due to illness
Life Expectancy
Aging Population by Region
Liffe Expectancy & Aging
Populcation
Hospitalizations
Hospitalizations by Age
Standard incidence rate is low.
In Bancroft and Madoc, death due to neoplasm has
increased noticeably. Deaths due to neoplasms in Prince
Edward is on the increase while figures for Belleville are
twice that of Quinte West .
While Chlamydia and Hepatitis C have seen the greatest
increase over other communicable diseases within the
region, after a peak in 1998, both now appear to be on
the decline.
Diseases of the circulatory system was the leading cause
of death in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties, followed
by Neoplasms.
Life Expectancy rates in Hastings and Prince Edwarad
Counties is lower than that of the Provincial and National
averages. Life expectancy in males is six year less than
that of females in the region.
The Village of Bancroft has the highest percentage of
individuals aged 70-74 and 75+ in Hastings County. In
Prince Edward County, the Village of Wellington had the
highest number seniors aged 70-74, while Picton had the
highest number of seniors aged 75+.
Census information indicates a growth in the population
aged 70 - 74 and 75+ which exceeds the provincial and
national numbers of people in this age group, indicating
that life expectancy in increasing.
In general, the leading cause of hospitalizations by
responsible diagnosis in females was pregnancy and
childbirth related, while for men, the leading cause of
hospitalizations was due to conditions of the circulatory
system.
While hospitalizations due to pregnancy and child-birth
was highest in women aged 25 –44 while the leading
cause of hospitalization by diagnosis in women aged 65+
was due to conditions of the circulatory system.
Smoking
"
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~
~
"
"
#
#
&
&
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"
~
~
~
~
"
"
%
%
$ -&
$-&
Diabetes
"
"
"
~
~
~
"
~
~
~
Asthma Deaths
&
&
Births To Teen Mothers
Teen Pregnancy Rates
Low Birth Weight Babies
While conditions of the circulatory system was the leading
cause of diagnosis in men aged 45-64 and 65+, the most
definable cause of hospitalization in males aged 15-24
and 25-44 was due to injuries and poisonings.
Births to Teen Mothers has increased sharply over figures
in the base year. Prince Edward County has seen a
substantial increase as 9 in every 1000 females between
the ages of 12 and 18 were teen mothers in 1997,
compared to 3 in 1000 at the beginning of the decade.
In order to determine teen pregnancy rates it is necessary
to compile data for still births, abortion, and live births. It
was discovered that abortion rates are inaccurate.
Therefore teen pregnancy rates cannot be determined for
the region.
The number of low birth weights as a rate per 100 live
births has continued to decline in the region. Very low
birthweights (below 1500 grams) have increased each
year from 1995 on.
Asthma death rates in males are higher in the region than
the rates for the province.
Environment
Indicator
Hastings
Preservation of Wetlands,
conservation areas, and Animal
Species
Air Quality
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
"
"
#
#
$
$
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~
&
&
"
"
#
~
&
&
"
"
~
~
&
&
Drinking Water Surveillance
"
"
~
~
$
$
Waste
Recycling
"
"
%
%
$
$
"
"
#
#
$
$
"
"
#
#
$-&
$-&
"
"
#
#
$-&
$-&
#
$
$
Environmental Spills
Water Quality
Household Hazardous Waste
Environmental Clean Up
"
Notes
Both Counties have a strong commitment to the
preservation of wetlands, conservation areas and animal
species.
Air quality can not be measured in the region despite the
fact there are adverse health effects caused by poor air
quality.
The number of spills reported for this region increased in
2000, while the Hastings County percentage of all Ontario
spills is now at the highest it’s been in the past five years.
E-coli has been detected in 45% of well-water tested.
Seven public water advisories were issued in the year
2000. While a trend line cannot be detected, poor water
quality has an adverse affect on well being.
No Ontario Drinking Water Objectives have been exceeded
in the region since 1995. (Trenton, Picton)
The amount of waste at landfill has decreased.
The total number of metric tonnes diverted from landfill
into recycling programs has increased.
The number of households participating in safe disposal
and re-use of hazardous waste continues to grow so too
does consumer use of hazardous waste.
There are several sites throughout the region in various
stages of environmental clean up, among them: Deloro,
Nortel, Zwicks Island, Moira River, Lake Ontario.
The number of people involved in the program continues
to grow. Volunteers also cover more roads.
Housing
Indicator
Hastings
Occupied Private Dwellings
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
"
"
#
#
~
~
"
"
%
%
$-&
$-&
"
"
#
#
&
&
"
"
#
#
&
&
"
"
#
#
&
&
Electricity Costs
"
"
%
%
$
$
Social Housing Wait Lists
"
"
#
#
&
&
Homelessness
"
"
#
#
&
&
Average Value of Occupied
Dwellings
Average Gross Rents
Renters with High Shelter Costs
Home Owners with High Shelter
Costs
Notes
The number of owned and rented private dwellings in the
region has increased.
The value of homes in the region has declined in both
Hastings County and Prince Edward County. For some,
this has a negative impact. For first time home buyers,
lower prices open markets to people who may not
otherwise consider home ownership. For those people,
lower value has a positive impact.
Rental rates continue to climb in the region, more so in
Hastings County than in Prince Edward.
The number of tenants paying more than 30% of gross
income towards shelter has increased dramatically
between 1991 and 1996.
The number of home owners paying more than 30% of
gross income towards shelter has increased dramatically
between 1991 and 1996.
Electricity Costs have decreased in the region over the
past five years.
Greater numbers of individuals await admittance to social
housing in the region.
Greater numbers of individuals experience homelessness
or are at risk of becoming homeless.
Transportation and Road Safety
Indicator
Hastings
Number of collisions
Number of collisions resulting in
death
personal injury
property damage
Gasoline Prices
Public Transportation
Transit Ridership (Belleville)
Region
Prince Edward
Hastings
Trend Line
Prince Edward
Impact on Community
Hastings
Prince Edward
"
"
%
%
$
$
"
"
#
#
&
&
"
"
%
%
$
$
"
"
#
#
&
&
"
"
#
#
&
&
"
"
~
~
&
&
"
"
~
~
$
~
Notes
The number of collisions is on the decline.
The number of collisions resulting in death is higher than
the provincial average.
The number of collisions resulting in personal injury is
lower than the provincial average.
The number of collisions resulting in property damage
exceeds the provincial average.
Gasoline prices continue to increase. Since cars are
necessary to navigate between rural communities, this has
a negative impact on community well-being.
Only the City of Belleville has a public transportation
system within the region resulting in increased reliance on
private vehicles or for hire transportation.
In the City of Belleville, transit rider-ship is on the
increase.
Basic Demographics
1
Basic Demographics
BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS:
INDICATOR
Total land area
Number of dwellings
Number of dwellings
Per sq.km
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1991
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY
1991
HASTINGS
COUNTY 1996
PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY 1996
6179 sq. km.
1048 sq. km.
6179 sq. km.
1048 sq. km
45 840
8 676
48 654
9 798
7.4 sq. km.
8.3 sq. km.
7.9 sq. km.
9.4sq. km.
20
22.7
20.4
23.9
Pop per sq. km.
Source: 1996 Census Data
Note: Murray Township was not a part of Hastings County until after 1996. All 1991 and 1996 totals for Hastings County have been
adjusted to include Murray Township
INDICATOR
Total Population
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1991
123 355
PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY 1991
23 763
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1996
PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY 1996
126 099
25 046
AGE (YEARS)
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1991
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75+
8489
8609
8523
8615
7834
9839
10450
9140
8822
6838
6099
6114
6129
5992
4714
7016
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY
1991
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1996
1420
1535
1640
1484
1211
1494
1810
1785
1725
1406
1290
1284
1434
1405
1134
1645
8165
8930
8915
8470
7195
7375
10230
10570
9240
8740
6810
6175
6115
5785
5295
7960
2
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY
1996
1340
1600
1675
1610
1175
1210
1690
1915
1840
1795
1495
1455
1505
1495
1300
1945
Basic Demographics
Marital Status
(of total population
15+)
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1991
Married
Single
Divorced
Separated
Widowed
59%
24%
5.8%
2.9%
7.7%
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY 1991
HASTINGS
COUNTY
1996
62%
22%
4.7%
2.8%
8.5%
PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY 1996
56%
25%
7.4%
3.4%
7.9%
59%
23%
6.2%
3.2%
8.3%
HOUSEHOLDS
HASTINGS COUNTY
1991
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY
1991
HASTINGS
COUNTY 1996
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY
1996
TOTAL
TOTAL husband/wife
TOTAL lone parent
45821
30373 (66.3%)
3836 (8.4%)
8669
6086 (70.2%)
587 (6.7%)
48245
31285 (64.8%)
4780 (10%)
9545
6630 (69.5%)
830 (8.7%)
1996 Mobility Status
Moved in the past year
Moved in the past five years
Hastings County
14.8%
37%
12.7%
33%
1996 Now Married Couples With Children at Home
Hastings County
55%
48%
1996 Now Married Couples
With Children at Home, # of
Children
1 child
2 children
3+ children
Hastings County
34.5%
44%
21%
36%
45%
21%
1996 Ages of
Children at Home
Under 6 years
6-14 years
15-17 years
18-24 years
25+ years
Hastings
County
24.7%
21.6%
39.8%
12.2%
17.0%
6.1%
40.1%
12.1%
17.3%
8.6%
3
Basic Demographics
1996 Total Population by
Knowledge of Official
Languages
Knowledge of English Only
Knowledge of French Only
Knowledge of English and French
Hastings County
92.7%
0.19%
6.6%
94.5%
0.04%
5.2%
Ethnic Origins – single/multiple
responses
Canadian
English
Scottish
Irish
German
Dutch (Netherlands)
Italian
Ukrainian
Polish
Hastings County
38.4%
41.0%
22.8%
23.7%
10.2%
7.0%
1.9%
1.5%
1.5%
39.6%
45%
20%
19.4%
11.4%
10%
1.1%
1.2%
0.9%
Mother Tongue Singular
Responses
English
German
Dutch
Italian
Spanish
Greek
Chinese
Polish
Korean
Vietnamese
French
Portuguese
Ukrainian
Punjabi
Hastings County
92.6%
18.3%
17.5%
6.7%
6.3%
5.5%
4.6%
4.3%
3.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.9%
2.2%
2.2%
94.5%
28.8%
35.4%
2.4%
0.94%
2.4%
2.4%
2.4%
0%
0.94%
0.90%
0.0%
2.4%
0%
4
Basic Demographics
Seniors in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties:
Seniors aged 55 –75 + comprise 25.8% of the total population of Hastings & Prince Edward Counties - higher
than the provincial average of 21%.
Statistics Canada projects significant increases for the future:
Area, Age & Gender
1996
25.8%
2009
projections
29.7%
Total Population 55 –70+, Hastings &
Prince Edward
Total Population 55 –70+, Ontario
Hastings & Prince Edward – Female Seniors
Ontario - Female Seniors
Hastings & Prince Edward – Male Seniors
Ontario – Male Seniors
Change
3.9 % increase
21%
14%
10.4%
11.8%
9.5%
26%
16.2%
12.1%
13.5%
11.8%
5 % increase
2.2 % increase
1.7% increase
1.7% increase
2.3% increase
Local “hotbeds or regions within Hastings and Prince Edward Counties with 25% or more of their total population
between the ages of 55 – 75+ are now beginning to develop. Higher numbers of older adults live in Prince Edward
County as a percentage of the total population than in Hastings County.
5
Basic Demographics
If more births occur in a community than the number of deaths in any given year, or over a period of years, then the
community should experience a positive population growth. Statistics Canada refers to this as a ‘Natural Increase in
Population’. If however the number of deaths outweighs the number of births then that community will experience a
Natural Decrease in Population.
The following chart represents what the population change should have been from 1991 to 1996 after applying the
total number of deaths and births, for that time period, to the 1991 Census Population.
Changes in Population of Select Communities
Due to Births and Deaths 1991-1996
Deseronto
Quinte West
Belleville
Stirling-Rawdon
Municipality of Tweed
Madoc
PEC
Bancroft
-10.00% -7.00%
%Growth/Decline in Population Due to Births &
Deaths
-4.00%
-1.00%
2.00%
5.00%
8.00%
Bancroft
PEC
Madoc
Municipality
of Tweed
StirlingRawdon
Belleville
-0.25%
-0.57%
9.59%
1.53%
2.69%
2.22%
11.00% 14.00%
Quinte West Deseronto
2.90%
4.56%
In this chart, after applying the total number of deaths and births, two municipalities should have experienced a
decline in the population from 1991 to 1996. Both Prince Edward County and Bancroft had the total number of
deaths outweigh the total number of births for this time period.
6
Basic Demographics
The following chart illustrates the actual change in Census Population for those select communities between 1991
and 1996. The bars represent the percentage growth/decline in the 1996 Census population from the 1991
Census population.
Changes in Census Population of Select Communities
1991-1996
Deseronto
Quinte West
Belleville
Stirling-Rawdon
Municipality of Tweed
Madoc
PEC
Bancroft
-10.00%
% Census Population Change 1991-1996
-7.00%
-4.00%
-1.00%
2.00%
5.00%
8.00%
Bancroft
PEC
Madoc
Municipality
of Tweed
StirlingRawdon
Belleville
7.18%
5.40%
4.80%
3.90%
1.45%
0.47%
11.00%
14.00%
Quinte West Deseronto
0.37%
-2.74%
In this chart Deseronto experienced a decline from the 1991-1996 Census population. All the other communities
had a positive growth in the Census Population.
Comparing the two charts, we note that Deseronto experienced an actual decline in the population from 1991 to
1996 despite having less deaths and more births during that time period. The percentage change in the Census
population in that community must then be attributed to migration out of that community. Prince Edward County
and Bancroft, which should have experienced a Natural Decrease in Population, actually experienced the healthiest
growth in population from the 1991 to the 1996 Census. Population growth in those regions must be attributed
therefore to migration and immigration to those regions.
Immigration refers to those people who immigrate to a region from another Country whereas Migration occurs when
residents move in and out of a community but stay within the country.
7
Basic Demographics
Ethnicity in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties
According to 1996 data information, Hastings and Prince Edward Counties has a total immigrant population of
12,270. Between 1961 and 1996 immigration to the region declined. Approximately half of the immigrant
population arrived prior to 1961.
Recent Immigrants
According to 1996 Census data, a total of 745 immigrants arrived in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties in 1996.
Ethnic Origin/Singular Mother Tongue Response
The region is largely comprised of individuals of European descent. In large part, this can be attributed to
Ethnic Origin - Hastings & Prince Edward County 1996
0.90%
3.30%
3.70%
4.30%
6.20%
40.40%
6.70%
Canadian
English
Irish
Scottish
Dutch (Netherlands)
French
German
Italian
26.10%
descendants of the United Empire Loyalists (Americans patriotic to the British Crown who came to Canada as a
result of the American Revolution). Many United Empire Loyalists settled along the shores of Lake Ontario and the
Bay of Quinte. As the subsequent chart demonstrates, the predominant ethnic origin is reported as Canadian,
8
Basic Demographics
followed by English, Irish and Scottish. The prevalent singular mother tongue response for both 1991 and 1996 for
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties was English.
Citizenship and Province of Birth
According to 1996 Census Data 1.6% of the population in Hastings and Prince Edward does not hold Canadian
citizenship. The provincial average for the population is significantly higher at 7.78%. No one area within Hastings
or Prince Edward County came close to this average.
9
Basic Demographics
Basic Demographics & Community Well being?
While the two do not necessarily impact the other directly, basic demographics provide a knowledge base from which
important community decisions can be made. In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, Basic Demographics reveal
that:
!
The population in Hastings County grew by 2.2% between 1991 and 1996.
!
The population in Prince Edward County increased by 5.1% between 1991 and 1996
!
The density of the population increased only marginally per kilometre indicating that growth is not centralized or
specific to particular areas.
!
In Prince Edward County in 1996, there were more people aged 75 and older than any other age group. This
differs from 1991 data whereby individuals aged 40-45 comprised the largest age group.
!
In Hastings County, individuals aged 35-39 made up the largest segment of the population in 1996, while there
were more people aged 30-34 in 1991 than any other age group.
!
The population aged 45-49 saw the greatest increase between 1991 and 1996 in both Counties.
!
The population aged 25 – 29 saw the greatest decline between 1991 and 1996 in both Hastings & Prince
Edward Counties.
!
Greater numbers of people were married in 1991 than in 1996.
!
Greater numbers of people were either separated or divorced in 1996 than in 1991.
!
Although higher numbers of people were widowed in Hastings County in 1996 than in 1991, in Prince Edward
County the number of people widowed declined.
!
More than ½ of all now married couples in Hastings County have children, while in Prince Edward County, that
figure is just slightly less than half.
!
The region is largely anglophone insofar as its relationship to official language, mother tongue, and ethnic
origin.
All of this information helps us to understand the composition of our community and to plan for the needs of our
residents accordingly.
10
Basic Demographics
Municipal Governments, School Boards, Business, Health Promoters, and Health Care Providers use basic
demographics to project need and plan for changes in community. Basic demographics can also help community to
realize its greatest opportunities as well. Social service organizations, together with their voluntary boards of
directors, can use basic demographics to identify service provision target areas. Fund-raising and marketing
Campaigns are often established after having reviewed basic demographics so as to ensure its message is
appropriate to its audience. Likewise economic developers and private sector business use basic demographics to
attract and plan for potential labour opportunities. Additional demographics information is contained throughout
this report and has been included to highlight specific issues that affect community well being such as education,
labour markets, housing, income, and immigration.
11
Economy:
1
Economy:
Economy:
Vital to all communities is a stable, secure economy driven largely by local and prospective employment and labour
markets. Although the Quinte region has seen economic growth over the past year and has been the benefactor of
several business expansions and new business developments in recent months, the region as a whole has not
enjoyed full economic prosperity. The 1990’s saw many changes to the local economy, not the least of which
included the demise of hundreds of high paying industrial sector positions. Hastings and Prince Edward Counties
did not enjoy the same rate of economic prosperity as other Ontario communities in the late 1990’s and felt the
lingering effects of the recession from early in the decade. This was compounded by the fact that community was
not equipped to replace high paying jobs with positions of equal remuneration. Job loss, a shift toward an
increasing number of part-time positions, and a competitive economic development climate across North America
was felt most intensely by the smaller communities that comprise the region. These shifts facilitated a movement
towards increased co-operation amongst municipal and regional governments and business-based interest groups
throughout the region. In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, there are currently 7 organizations with a focus on
economic development and job creation in the region. They are:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
The Quinte Area Economic Development Commission (representing among other communities, the Village of
Frankford, the former Murray Township, Sidney Township and City of Trenton located in Hastings Counties and
will soon be joined by the City of Belleville.)
City of Belleville Economic Development Department
County of Hastings Economic Development Department
North Hastings Community Development Corporation (Federal)
Prince Edward County Community Development Corporation
Trenval Business Development Corporation (Federal)
Corporation of Prince Edward County Economic Development Department
Together, facilitated by the East Central Ontario Training and Adjustment Board, and in partnership with groups
such as the Lennox/Addington Economic Development Department, the Community Development Council of Quinte
and Human Resources Canada (HRC), economic development organizations have undertaken local initiatives aimed
at sharing information with one another and the private and public sectors in order to increase economic
development opportunities within the region. Business Information On-line is one such example. To access a
complete list of businesses and employers located throughout the region and data pertaining to local labour
markets go to: www.bio.on.ca or follow the link from the Community Development Council of Quinte’s homepage
located at: www.lks.net/~cdc. Proposals are currently before HRDC to support and expand Business Information
On-line in the year 2001.
Economic Development Departments, The Self-Help Business Centre, local offices of Human Resources Canada, The
Member of Parliament for Prince-Edward Hastings, and the Member of Provincial Parliament for Prince Edward –
Hastings work closely with one another to provide supports to existing and prospective business and to serve as a
link to government services and programs. They also assist in making businesses aware of job creation/retention
initiatives, and often respond to sectoral specific training and development needs.
2
Economy:
Demographics also help us to understand the Quinte region’s economy.
Census Family Income
Hastings
County
Total Number of Census Families
1996 Census Families with income under
$10,000
1996 Census Families with income
$10,000 – 19,999
$20,000 – 29,999
$30,000 – 39,999
$40,000 – 49,999
$50,000 – 59,999
$60,000 – 69,999
$70,000 – 79,999
$80,000 – 89,999
$90,000 – 99,999
$100,000 +
%
33,890
1,725
5.09
Prince
Edward
County
7,465
345
%
Ontario
%
4.62
2,932,725
148,050
5.05
3,865
11.40
620
8.31
256,625
8.75
4,920
14.52
1230
16.48
332,130
11.32
4,930
14.55
1220
16.34
336,440
11.47
4,830
14.25
1050
14.07
340,330
11.60
3,995
11.79
795
10.65
324,365
11.06
3,045
8.98
740
9.91
289,155
9.86
2,270
6.70
445
5.96
235,015
8.01
1,360
4.01
320
4.29
179,905
6.13
985
2.91
240
3.22
127,950
4.36
1,955
5.77
455
6.10
362,765
12.37
%
Prince
Edward
County
50,446
%
Ontario
%
Source: Statistics Canada, 1996 Census, Zephyr
1996 Census Family Average Income
Hastings
County
Total Census Families Average Income
48,351
3
59,830
Economy:
1996 Economic Families with Low Income1
1996 Total Economic Families
1996 Economic Families with Low
Income
Hastings
County
34,120
4,760
%
13.95
Prince Edward
County
7,495
750
%
Ontario
%
10.01
2,915,825
432,200
14.82
In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, the East Central Ontario Training & Adjustment Board (ECOTB), one of
twenty-five across the Province, has taken a lead role in the co-ordination and planning of training initiatives in East
Central Ontario. Their region, although larger than just Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, has enjoyed the benefit
of the extensive labour market research conducted by the Training Board. They continue to conduct Environmental
Scans pertaining to the labour and adjustment needs within the region, in co-operation with their many partners.
As a result of their having identified gaps in information gathering, the East Central Ontario Training and Adjustment
Board has taken economic analysis to a new height. Much of what follows over the next few pages is the result of
their research and should be credited as such.
ECOTB reports:
In order to understand the depth of the local economy, it is necessary to first understand the definitions and
acronyms used to define the study region.
SLMA
NLMA
South Labour Market Area – made up of Prince Edward County, Quinte
West, City of Belleville, over to Napanee area and parts of Lennox and
Addington.
North Labour Market Area – made up of Bancroft and surrounding region.
Low Income or poverty lines are defined in two separate ways. The first, having less than a defined minimum (also called absolute needs),
the second having less than others (relative need). Statistics Canada’s Low Income Cut Off (LICO) is based on absolute need plus 20%.
Low income is set by determining income levels where, on average, 58.5% of income is used to cover basic necessities such as food,
clothing, and shelter. While other mathematical formulas determining poverty have been developed, Stats Can continues to use LICO as its
measurement of low income.
1
4
Economy:
Ontario vs. SLMA vs. NLMA, (1996 & 1997)
AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME COMPARISON – ONTARIO, SLMA, NLMA
Source: Statistics Canada, taxfiler Data2, 1996 and 1997
($ )
3 5 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
5 ,0 0 0
0
2 9,5 8 3
2 8,5 3 4
2 4,5 3 3
2 4,3 3 8
8 2 .9 %
of O NT.
8 5 .3
%
of
ONT.
O n ta rio
SLM A
2 0,3 0 3
1 9,6 6 4
6 8 .6 %
of O NT.
6 8 .9 %
of
ONT.
NLM A
G e o g r a p h ic L a b o u r M a rk e t A r e a
1997 Tax Year
1996 Tax Year
Source: East Central Ontario Training & Adjustment Board
2
The East Central Ontario Training & Adjustment Board defines North and South differently than the Community Development Council of
Quinte’s study area, hence, income pertaining to Lennox/Addington may impact the final results of taxfiler data reported here. None-theless, regionally, this information is important to the decision-making that occurs here and the well being of Quinte area residents.
5
Economy:
Employment Income:
Employment income represents employment income from all sources including self-employment. Average annual
employment income follows the same trend as total income, with even more disparity arising between the Labour
Market Areas and the province.
AVERAGE ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT INCOME COMPARISON
35000
30000
30,921
29,515
24,322
25000
($)
23,791
19,103
20000
80.6%
78.7%
of
of
ONT.
ONT.
15000
10000
61.8
%
of
ONT.
5000
18,205
61.7
%
of
ONT.
0
ONTARIO
SLMA
NLMA
Geographic Labour Market Area
1997 Tax Year
1996 Tax Year
The average annual employment income (1997) in the North ($19,103) is about 62% of the provincial average
($30,921) while in the South, the average ($24,322) is less than 79% of the province.
6
Economy:
Wages, Salaries & Commissions:
represents “conventional “ employment, an important subset of employment income.
AVERAGE ANNUAL WAGES, SALARIES & COMMISSIONS – COMPARISON
35000
30000
3 1 ,2 3 9
2 9 ,9 3 6
2 5 ,2 0 4
25000
2 4 ,5 5 1
2 0 ,3 8 2
20000
8 0 .7 %
of
ONT.
($ )
15000
8 2 .0 %
of
ONT.
10000
1 9 ,4 4 1
6 4 .9 %
6 5 .2 %
of
of
ONT.
ONT.
5000
0
O N T A R IO
SLM A
N LM A
G e o g r a p h ic L a b o u r M a r k e t A r e a
1997 Tax Year
1996 Tax Year
The trend mirrors that for total employment income, with both Labour Market Areas performing slightly better in
1997 compared to 1996, but still trailing the province by a wide margin.
The average annual wages, salaries & commissions in the North ($20,382) is only about 65% of the provincial
average ($31,239), while the average ($25,204) in the South is almost 81% of the province.
7
Economy:
Self-Employment:
Self-employment is the fastest growing component of employment in the Labour Market Areas, but the trend is of
concern. Across the board, self-employment incomes are less than half of “conventional” employment incomes,
which strongly suggests that self employment is often subsistence in nature and a surrogate for conventional, fulltime employment. Self-employment figures must be interpreted with care. Is self-employment the sole source of
income or is it an adjunct to conventional income? If it is the sole source of income, is it adequate to address
quality of life needs?
The East Central Ontario Training and Adjustment Board has developed and are currently implementing a means of
examining tax filer data so as to delve deeper into understanding the trends affecting contract workers who are, by
extension, considered self-employed due to employment and Labour Market practices.
AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME –
WAGES, SALARIES & COMMISSIONS VS SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Wages, Salaries &
Comm. ($)
1996
Self Employment
($)
% Of
WSC
Wages, Salaries &
Comm. ($)
1997
Self Employment
($)
% Of
WSC
CANADA
27,480
11,664
42%
28,376
12,652
45%
ONTARIO
29,936
13,290
44%
31,239
14,683
47%
SLMA
NLMA
24,551
19,441
9,222
6,213
38%
32%
25,204
20,382
9,309
7,266
37%
35%
Clearly, when it comes to average annual income, self-employment is a poor surrogate for conventional income.
Annual average self employment income (1997) reaches a “high” of 47% of conventional employment income in
Ontario, and a low of 35.6% in the NLMA. Average self-employment incomes are also considerably lower in the
LMAs than for the province:
8
Economy:
AVERAGE ANNUAL SELF EMPLOYMENT INCOME COMPARISON:
15000
1 4 ,6 8 3
1 3 ,2 9 0
9 ,3 0 9
10000
9 ,2 2 2
7 ,2 6 6
($)
6 ,2 1 3
5000
63.4%
of
O N T.
69.4%
of
O N T.
49.5%
of
O N T.
46.7%
of
O N T.
0
O N TA R IO
S LM A
N LM A
G eo rg rap h ic L ab o u r M arket Area
1997 Tax Year
1996 Tax Year
The average annual self-employment income in the North is less than 50% of the provincial average, while the South
is at about 63%.
The 1996-1997 trend has the South growing at less than 9% of the provincial rate (see table below). If this trend
continues, the average annual self-employment income in the South will continue to lose ground against that of the
province.
AVERAGE ANNUAL SELF EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE COMPARISON
AVERAGE ANNUAL SELF EMPLOYMENT INCOME ($)
GROWTH, 1996-1997 ($)
GROWTH RATE, 1996-1997 (%)
ONTARIO
SLMA
NLMA
1393
87
1053
10.5
0.9
16.9
9
Economy:
In light of the trends identified above, it becomes important to explore further the numbers of people who are likely
to be impacted most directly by them. Ideally, in doing so, communities can strategically implement and adopt
practices aimed at supporting self-employed individuals, the businesses they operate, and in turn, the local
economy. This might include adopting local purchasing policies and encouraging community residents to buy locally
from often smaller, independently owned businesses in the region.
Labour Force Profile: Prince Edw ard County 1996
Self-em ployed
(incorporated)
4%
Self-em ployed
(unincorporated)
16%
Em ployees
80%
Labour Force Profile: Hastings County 1996
Self-employed
(incorporated)
3%
Self-employed
(unincorporated)
10%
Employees
87%
10
Economy:
Total Government Transfers:
Government Transfers are an important measure of economic dependency. The less well off a region is
economically, the higher will be the average level of government transfers.
Total government transfers include employment insurance, old age security/net federal supplements,
Canada/Quebec pension plan, child tax benefits, goods and services tax credit/harmonized sales tax credit, workers’
compensation, social assistance, and provincial refundable tax credits/family allowance.
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFERS – COMPARISON
8000
6 ,9 0 6
6000
($ )
6 ,0 2 2
5 ,2 6 9
6 ,8 9 7
6 ,0 4 8
5 ,2 6 3
1 1 4 .3 %
1 1 4 .9 % o f
of
ONT.
ONT.
4000
1 3 1 .0 %
1 3 1 .1 %
of
of
ONT.
ONT.
2000
0
O N T A R IO
SLM A
N LM A
G e o g ra p h ic L a b o u r M a r k e t A r e a
1997 Tax Year
1996 Tax Year
There has been little change from 1996 to 1997 in total government transfers. The level of economic dependency
is higher in the region relative to the province as a whole.
11
Economy:
Employment Insurance:
Given the higher unemployment and lower employment rates in both Labour Market Areas relative to the province as
a whole, rates of employment insurance assistance and size of average annual employment insurance payments
should theoretically, be significantly higher in both Labour Market Areas relative to the province. Yet, employment
insurance transfers extend beyond the total number of people in receipt of employment insurance.
PERCENTAGE OF TAXFILERS IN RECEIPT OF EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE – COMPARISON
TAX YEAR
1997
1996
PERCENTAGE OF TAXFILERS RECEIVING EI (%)
ONTARIO
SLMA
NLMA
8.4
9.3
10.0
9.7
10.6
11.1
Not surprisingly, in 1997 rates of Employment Insurance assistance were 19% higher in the North (10%) and
almost 11% higher in the South (9.3%) relative to the province as a whole (8.4%).
12
Economy:
Average Annual Employment Insurance Payments:
Average annual employment insurance payments (1997) are at the provincial average in the North and are less
than 92% of the provincial level in the South. This is not the expected trend – given the higher unemployment in
both Labour Market Areas relative to the province as a whole, Labour Market Area average annual EI payments,
especially in the North, were anticipated to exceed the provincial average.
AVERAGE ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE TRANSFERS – COMPARISON
5000
4,225
4,273
4000
($)
4,232
3,882
3000
91.9 %
of ONT.
2000
4,248
3,863
90.4 %
of
ONT.
100.2
% of
ONT.
99.4 %
of
ONT.
1000
0
ONTARIO
SLMA
NLMA
1997 Tax Year
Geographic Labour Market Area
1996 Tax Year
Clearly individuals in receipt of employment insurance qualified for shorter periods of assistance than necessary.
The explanation involves a combination of seasonal employment and frequent use recipients (who are subject to
penalties).
13
Economy:
Social Assistance Transfers:
Social Assistance is another important category of economic dependency. Social Assistance, Ontario Works, is the
most basic government income support for long term unemployed and low income Ontarians.
PERCENTAGE OF TAXFILERS RECEIVING SOCIAL
ASSISTANCE – COMPARISON
14.2
15
10
8.3
8.8
(% )
128 .9%
of
O N T.
5
14.3
11
10.7
171 .1% 1 6 2 .5 %
of
of
O N T. O N T .
1 2 5 .0 %
of
O N T.
0
O N TA R IO
S LM A
N LM A
G eo rg rap h ic L ab o u r M arket A rea
1 9 9 7 T ax Y ea r
1 9 9 6 T ax Y ea r
In 1997, social assistance levels in both Labour Market Areas significantly exceeded the province. In the North,
14.2% of taxfilers received social assistance, which is 71% greater than the provincial rate of 8.3%. In the South,
10.7% of taxfilers (29% greater than the province) were in receipt of social assistance in 1997. The percentage of
taxfilers in receipt of social assistance decreases across the board from 1996 to 1997.
14
Economy:
Social Assistance Beneficiaries:
Since 1997, the Community Development Council of Quinte has monitored the number of beneficiaries in receipt of
social assistance as a percentage of the total population. The following chart speaks to social assistance
beneficiaries strictly in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties.
Changes to the Social Assistance Act have
dramatically influenced how social services/income
support programs are delivered in Ontario and to
whom. Since 1995, changes to social policy have
resulted in a dramatic decline in the number of social
assistance recipients in Ontario. This trend also
reveals itself locally and yet, the total number of social
assistance beneficiaries was still higher in 2000 than
in the base year of 1990.
Rate per 10,000 Population
2000.0
1500.0
1568.6 1,489.1
1145.0
1,263.7
1,227.3
1000.0
500.0
While the impact of social policy on the lives of social
assistance recipients cannot be measured, but
1990 1997 1998 1999 2000
instead reported anecdotally, a number of
assumptions can be made based upon statistics
provided to Council by the non-profit service sector. Food banks and emergency support programs report increased
numbers of individuals without the basic necessities of life in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties. News reports
relating to governments having placed liens on the homes of social assistance recipients demonstrates yet another
example of the stresses placed onto the shoulders of social assistance recipients in the region as a result of social
policy. None-the-less, the high number of people who require social assistance in order to meet their basic needs
continues to have a negative impact on community quality of life.
0.0
15
Economy:
Bankruptcies:
The total number of personal and corporate bankruptcies per 10,000 people continues to exceed the number of
bankruptcies at the beginning of the decade. The year 2000 exceeded even the highest previous year spanning
1996 to 1999, indicating that indeed, the region has not enjoyed the same economic prosperity of which other
communities can boast.
The Community Development Council of Quinte had, in it’s 1998 Quality of Life report, issued an alert regarding the
high number of bankruptcies in the former City of Trenton (now called Trenton Ward). It appears that the number of
bankruptcies in Trenton has stabilized at 38 people per 10,000 while the greatest number of bankruptcies per
10,000 people occurred in the City of Belleville at 43 people per 10,000. The least number of declared
bankruptcies occurred in Bayside with just 3.8 people in 10,000.
Bankruptcies in Hastings &
Prince Edward Counties
1990 vs last five years
Rates per 10,000
43.8
43.7
44
43
42
41
40
41.5
40.6
40
41.1
39
38
1990
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy website: http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/br01011e.html
High numbers of bankruptcies have a negative impact on community quality of life and more directly on community
and individual well being.
The Quinte Region Credit Counselling Service is dedicated to assisting area residents in gaining control over their
finances through mediation with creditors, assessment of financial risk behaviours, and participation in educational
activities aimed at reducing debt and risk behaviours. As the following chart indicates, the number of individuals in
search of support has doubled over the past five years. Their statistics also indicate that the cumulative debt of all
credit-counselling participants has grown dramatically while the average family income has remained relatively static.
16
Economy:
Cumulative Debt Per Million $
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
As the charts indicate, cumulative debt has increased from $874,000 in 1995 to $2.1 million in 1999 while family
incomes have changed just marginally from year to year. This indicates that debt is becoming a growing problem for
Quinte area families. This adversely affects community and individual well being.
Number of Persons Seeking Support Through Credit Counselling Services
800
679
700
714
607
600
500
400
453
349
300
200
100
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
17
1999
Economy:
Economics in an Aging Society:
The Canadian Council on Social Development maintains statistics pertaining to poverty and the aging population
The following chart indicates the rate of seniors in Canada living in poverty .3
YEAR
RATE (%)
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
34.0
33.8
29.1
31.5
29.5
28.0
26.6
25.4
25.8
22.4
21.3
21.9
20.8
22.8
19.3
18.7
Elderly4 in
Families 5(%)
17.8
17.8
13.3
13.7
15.0
13.6
12.6
11.5
11.4
8.9
7.0
8.0
8.1
8.7
6.1
6.9
Unattached
Elderly (%)
68.6
66.6
65.9
67.8
63.1
60.9
58.1
55.1
56.1
51.5
50.7
50.9
49.2
51.9
47.6
45.1
The above chart indicates6, older adults in families are less likely to face poverty than those unattached. In other
words, the loss of a spouse, partner, or familial network increases the likelihood of poverty in older adults.
Source: Prepared by the Centre for International Statistics at the Canadian Council on Social Development, using data from Statistics
Canada, Income Distributions by Size in Canada, 1995
4 . ‘Elderly’ refers to persons aged 65 and older.
5 ‘Elderly in families’ refers to those persons living with spouses and/or other family members.
6 Source: Prepared by the Centre for International Statistics at the Canadian Council on Social Development, using data from Statistics
Canada, Income Distributions by Size in Canada, 1995
3
18
Economy:
Based upon the information provided, it is clear that in addition to the isolation and reduced social interaction
caused by lost companionship, the aging population in Canada is more likely to experience hardship when
unattached. Since mortality and life expectancy charts clearly indicate that senior women are more apt to outline
senior men, it is likely that the majority of older adults living in poverty are women.
This can be attributed in part to the fact that fewer senior women have been active participants in the labour force
than is the norm today. As well, senior women traditionally spent more time in the home as unpaid wage earners
than women in today’s society. Traditionally, women who were active participants in the workforce often worked in
part-time jobs or had interruptions in employment as a result of family responsibilities.
In a report released by the Canadian Status of Women, the author indicates that poverty issues will continue to affect
women, in part because:
“Women must still interrupt their paid employment because of family responsibilities. And the unpaid work of women
may increase as government cutbacks reduce public sector provision of social services, in the expectation that these
can be provided at ‘no cost’ by families, and an aging population increases the demand for elder care. Coverage of
workplace pension plans is declining, and women's lower earnings still make it difficult for them to set aside private
savings for their old age.”7
7
Townsen, Monica, Reducing Poverty Among Older Women: The Potential of Retirement Income Policies.
19
Economy:
Poverty
“Since feudalism changed to capitalism in Europe, the elite have defended their wealth in the midst of poverty with
myths, language, and patterns of thinking that justified treating Aboriginal people and women as cattle, people of
colour as savages, the poor as vicious and lazy, and themselves as civilized and virtuous.
-
Author Jean Swanson in “Poor Bashing: the Politics of Exclusion”
While there is no question that some members of society enjoy greater privilege than others, and that economics
often determines privilege, our culture has yet to build consensus about the issue of poverty. Many people,
especially those aiming for a socially just community, may have a heightened awareness as to the impact of poverty
on individuals and in communities. But truly understanding poverty, determining it, and measuring it remains
beyond our collective grasp.
“Measures of low income known as low income cutoffs (LICOs) were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on
1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. Since then these cutoffs have been updated
yearly by changes in the consumer price index.” (Source: Statistics Canada website.)
The issue of poverty and how to measure it has long been a debate among social scientists, governments, and
statisticians. Arguments both for and against establishing Poverty ‘lines’, ‘Low Income Cut Offs’ or ‘Lines of Income
Inequality’ and the methodology with which poverty is determined remain unresolved. None-the-less, Statistics
Canada’s Low Income Cut Off (LICO) is the most widely recognized measurement of poverty, despite the fact that
there is no nationally accepted definition of poverty as yet. Statistics Canada itself is emphatic in stating that Low
Income cannot be measured until such time as there is “social consensus in domains that are intrinsically
judgmental”.8
8
Fellegi, Ivan, Chief Statistician of Canada, Statistics Canada, 1997.
20
Economy:
The following chart is a product of the National Anti-Poverty Organization (NAPO), of which the Community
Development Council of Quinte is a member. It highlights poverty statistics in Canada using Statistics Canada LICO
data.
CANADIAN POVERTY STATISTICS AT A GLANCE
Based on Statistics
Canada's Low Income Cut
Off (1992 base)
All persons (%)
(total number)
All families
Young families (head of
family under 25)
Female single-parent
families (head of family
under 65, children under
18)
Child Poverty (under 18)
(total number)
All seniors (65 and over)
(total number)
All unattached individuals
(total number)
Unattached youth (24
years and under)
1990
1991
1992
15.4
4,179,000
12.3
37.1
16.5
4,543,000
13.0
36.5
17.0
4,757,000
13.5
41.4
59.5
60.3
56.9
17.8
1,195,000
21.3
629,000
37.4
1,316,000
18.9
1,281,000
21.9
665,000
39.4
1,445,000
19.2
1,316,000
20.8
650,000
39.8
1,451,000
54.9
57.5
59.8
Unattached seniors (65
years and older)
1993
1994
18.0
17.1
5,143,000 4,941,000
14.6
13.5
41.1
44.4
59.0
56.4
21.3
19.5
1,484,000 1,362,000
22.8
19.3
732,000
635,000
40.5
40.6
1,544,000 1,559,000
61.7
66.4
1995
1996
1997
17.8
17.9
17.5
5,205,000 5,294,000 5,222,000
14.2
14.5
14.0
43.5
42.1
42.8
56.8
60.8
56.0
21.0
21.1
19.8
1,472,000 1,498,000 1,397,000
18.7
20.8
18.7
631,000
722,000
662,000
39.3
40.2
39.6
1,520,000 1,587,000 1,633,000
65.9
63.7
60.7
50.7
50.9
49.2
51.9
47.6
45.1
47.9
45.0
Men
41.0
40.7
34.9
39.0
31.8
28.7
33.3
33.3
Women
53.8
54.2
54.0
56.4
52.9
50.6
53.4
49.1
Source: Statistics Canada, Low Income Persons, 1980 to 1997 (Low Income Cut-Offs, 1992 base) Catalogue 13-569-XIB, Survey of
Consumer Finances, April 1999 Poverty rates are expressed by percentages; in some cases we are also able to show the numbers of
people within a category. Figures do not include Aboriginal people on reserves, or residents of the Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest
Territories.
21
Economy:
If Canadian statistics are reflective of community, then the following could be said to apply in Hastings and Prince
Edward Counties in 19969.
If…
17.9 % of the Canadian
population lived in poverty in
1996 then…
14.5 % of all families lived in
poverty in 1996 then…
60.8% of female-led lone
parent families lived in poverty
in 1996 then…
21.1 % of all children under the
age of 18 lived in poverty in
1996 then…
18.7% of all seniors lived in
poverty in 1996 then…
26,450 people live in poverty in the region.
6,996 families live in poverty in the region.
2,734 female led lone parent families live in poverty
in the region.
5,656 children live in poverty in the region.
7,292 seniors live in poverty in the region.
The Canadian Council on Social Development has developed an alternate measure to Statistics Canada’s Low Income
Cut Off called “Lines of Income Inequality”. “These were developed to address the problem of severe and
persistent income inequality in Canada in order to define a minimum standard of income for Canadian families”10
that is not less than ½ of the average family income in community for a family of 3. Adjustments are made per
person at a rate of 16.7%.
For Canadian families, this translates to:
Persons in Family
1 person
2 person family
3 person family
4 person family
5 person family
6 person family
7 person family
Minimum Standard
of Income
$14,530
$24,119
$29,060
$33,912
$38,765
$43,618
$48,471
1996 figures used since population data since 1996 Census is based solely on projections, therefore, Census data is as close to accurate
as we are able to determine.
10 Canadian Council on Social Development, 2000.
9
22
Economy:
Using the same mathematical formula, the Community Development Council of Quinte is able to determine minimum
standards of income for families in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties. Unlike LICO, using this method takes into
consideration the regional variables that would otherwise require adjustments such as locale, housing/rental costs,
etc.
Persons in Family
Hastings County Prince Edward County
$48,351
$50,446
Minimum Income Standards
1 person
$ 8,075
$ 8, 424
2 person family
$21,139
$21,011
3 person family
$24,176
$25,223
4 person family
$28,213
$29,435
5 person family
$32,251
$33,647
6 person family
$36,288
$37,860
7 person family
$40,326
$42,072
23
Economy:
Working Poor:
While there is no current statistical definition of the term ‘working poor’, for the purpose of this exercise, working
poor has been defined as individuals/families earning 10% or less of the minimum income standard in the region.
The following chart establishes the Minimum Income Standards for Working Poor Families in Hastings and Prince
Edward Counties.
Persons in Family
1 person
2 person family
3 person family
4 person family
5 person family
6 person family
7 person family
Hastings County
$48,351
Working Poor
$ 8,882
$23,253
$26,594
$31,034
$35,476
$39,917
$44,359
$50,446
$ 9,266
$23,012
$27,745
$32,379
$37,012
$41,646
$46,279
24
Economy:
Food Security:
Having access to healthy, nutritious foods at reasonable prices sufficient to nurture one’s body and mind is
fundamental to good physical and emotional well being.
Each year, The Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit uses a price index to measure the cost of healthy
eating based on current nutritional guidelines. Through data collected for the Nutritious Food Basket11, the
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit has determined that a family of four (one man, one woman (both
aged 25-49), two children (one aged 13-15, one aged 7-9) must spend $108.94 per week (based upon June 1999
figures) on food in order to consume sufficient nutritious foods from all four food groups on Canada’s Food Guide to
Health Eating. This does not include the costs of non-food, household items such toothpaste, personal hygiene
products, household cleansers, laundry detergent, etc.
Based upon a variety of summaries provided by the Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, neither:
- a family of four with an annual income of $18,000,
- a female led lone parent family with two children with a monthly income of $1043, or
- a single man in receipt of social assistance
is likely to be able to afford to purchase sufficient nutritious foods from each of the food groups of Canada’s Food
Guide to Healthy Eating12. Insufficient Economics is the primary cause of food insecurity in each of these scenarios.
Based upon the economics of the region, when coupled with information gathered pertaining to low income,
minimum income standards, housing, and employment situations in the region, the need for food security looms
large.
The Nutritious Food Basket is an Ontario Ministry of Health protocol which mandates the collection of data pertaining to 66 food items in
order to determine the cost to eat nutritiously in Ontario.
12 Is Healthy Eating Affordable? Results of the 2000 Nutritious Food Basket Costing, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit,
December 2000.
11
25
Economy:
Emergency Food Programs:
There are currently 10 food banks and roughly 42 feeding programs located in Hastings and Prince Edward
Counties.
They are located in just about every community in the region.
Although the number of people accessing support through food program usage is extremely difficult to ascertain
locally, it has been reported that as many as:
!
726,902 people in Canada received emergency groceries from a food bank during the month of March 2000 13;
!
food bank usage continues to climb showing a 1.4% increase since 1999 in Canada;
!
almost 40% of food bank recipients were under the age of 18;
!
most food bank recipients were receiving social assistance; many others were working poor, receiving disability
income or other income support such as Employment Insurance; some had no income at all
!
most food banks provide a 3 to 4-day supply of groceries and restrict requests for assistance to once per
month;
!
49% of food banks had to take special measures because they either ran out or were running out of food
during the month of March – 3% turned people away empty-handed.
13 Wilson, Beth, A Surplus of Hunger: Canada’s Annual Survey of Emergency Food Programs, Canadian Association of Food Banks, October 2000
26
Economy:
Paul Sosiak of Gleaners Food Bank, the largest of all of the food banks in the region reports that 420 families each
month accessed support through Gleaners Food Bank on average in the first six months of the year 2000.14
In a Food Access Survey Conducted by the Community Development Council of Quinte at the commencement of the
Community Well Being Index, it was determined that roughly 9,000 people accessed food support 34,000 times in
the region in1999.
14
Letter to the Editor, Intelligencer, August 2000
27
The Rural Economy:
1
The Rural Economy:
The Rural Economy:
Strong rural communities form much of the social fabric of the country and provide a solid foundation for all of
Canada.15
Two-thirds of Ontario’s population lives in a Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) or urban region.16 The balance of the
population lives in towns, villages, and cities such as that which comprises Hastings & Prince Edward Counties.
In 1999, the Government of Ontario commissioned a Task Force on Rural Economic Renewal. Their function was to
identify the issues and challenges affecting the rural economy.17 As such a number of consultations took place
across the Province with community and provincial ‘stakeholders’. The Task Force submitted its findings to the
Ontario Government and released a final report in the spring of 2001.
Among their findings:
“Rural Ontario residents are committed to the development of a vibrant, healthy, and sustainable rural economy.”18
The Task Force determined that there are key challenges facing the rural economy.
They are:
! A need for a Province-Wide Rural Economic Renewal Strategy
! Co-ordination among governments and economic development organizations
! Access to business development and economic development services
! Skilled labour
! An investment in rural Ontario through Start-up and Venture Capital initiatives
! Improvements to the agricultural sector
! Enhanced education, health, and social services in rural communities
! Infrastructure support
! Provincial support for community-based planning
! Elimination of regulatory “Red Tape”
! Heightened awareness as to the uniqueness of rural communities
While the report highlights government initiatives aimed at addressing some of the key challenges, the report also
makes a number of recommendations pertaining to areas where governments might re-think their approach to rural
community economic development. The Quinte Area Economic Development Commission and Work Enterprise
Ministry of Agriculture and Agri-food, website. http:// http://www.agr.ca/
Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
17 Government of Ontario Press Release, April 2001.
18 Report of the Task Force on Rural Economic Renewal - understanding the new rural economy and identifying solutions and opportunities
for rural economic development, April 2001.
15
16
1
The Rural Economy:
Centre (in Bancroft) are two examples cited within the report of innovative approaches to enhancing community
economic development opportunities in rural Ontario.
Yet, the report echoes recommendations and findings of federal departments and Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGO’s) also concerned with the sustainability of rural Canada.
Statistics Canada, The Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, and groups such as the Ontario Rural
Council, have all engaged in activities aimed at increasing awareness of issues affecting rural residents and the rural
economy and to propose ways in which all levels of government might work closer with communities and community
leaders in order to ensure vital, sustainable rural communities now and for the long-term. In 1998, at a forum
sponsored by the Federal Government in Belleville as part of a “rural dialogue” individuals from across Canada
gathered to discuss issues central to the sustainability of rural communities.
Similar to the exercise undertaken by the Provincial Government, “stakeholders” identified priorities to sustaining
rural communities.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Access to financial resources;
Opportunities for rural youth;
Human resource leadership and capacity building;
Rural infrastructure;
Rural telecommunications and use of the information highway;
Access to rural health care;
Access to education;
Access to information on government programs and services;
Economic diversification; and
Partnerships for community development.
Admittedly, much progress has been made in the delivery of services to rural communities in such areas as
technology and communications (distance education for example), and yet, the issues identified as priorities in
2001 at the provincial level and in 1998 at the federal level remain relatively unchanged. As rural residents in
Hastings and Prince Edward Counties can attest, knowing the issues and barriers, and responding to them are
two very different elements to sustaining healthy rural communities.
2
The Rural Economy:
Much research has also been done to identify specific areas pertaining to rural communities. Statistics Canada,
for example has highlighted trends affecting a declining youth population in Canada using Census data. This is
a very similar trend to the declining youth population in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties outlined earlier in
the report. (Basic Demographics).
Youth Aged 15-19
Youth Aged 20-24
Youth Aged 25-29
HASTINGS
COUNTY 1991
PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY 1991
HASTINGS COUNTY
1996
PRINCE
EDWARD
COUNTY 1996
8615
7834
9839
1484
1211
1494
8470
7195
7375
1610
1175
1210
Conference proceedings from the “Building Our Future Together” forum sponsored by the federal government in
1998, indicate that issues facing youth are of concern to rural Canadians. Youth participants reported that:
“Youth value many assets in their rural and remote communities. These include a strong sense of place and
belonging, natural resources, community members who contribute and make a difference, and vibrant
community organizations. These assets need to be affirmed and used to encourage youth to participate in
developing sustainable rural communities.
Youth are proud of their communities and their roots. Yet, economic and social circumstances, such as
the lack of employment and education opportunities, often result in youth leaving their communities. In
some instances, these same conditions prevent youth from leaving to pursue opportunities and gain
experience that can be brought back to the community”19
The exodus of young people from rural communities is an issue that communities must address thorough
education, internship initiatives, and real employment. In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties for example,
experienced trades have been identified as an area where the local labour market has not anticipated its needs
through training. Loyalist College has just recently announced the renewal of its trades and technology
program. Traditionally, remuneration for trades has exceeded averages of other sectors. Ideally, with the
advent of training opportunities, youth will choose to gain skills that enable them to remain rooted in
community.
19
Building Our Future Together, Conference Proceedings, Ministry of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, October 1998.
3
The Rural Economy:
Literacy, Access to Education, and a thriving Labour market are also areas where much research has been
undertaken, and yet, according to Census Data, residents of rural communities consistently earn less than their
urban counterparts. The discrepancy is greatest between urban and rural women. Recent studies “indicate that
there are significant differences between female participation in rural and urban labour markets. However, these do
not appear to arise — as is often argued — from the influence of having children, or differences in returns to
human capital. However, there is some evidence in the low-income sample that employment persistence is greater in
rural areas20.
20
Phimister, Euan, Female Employment Rates and Labour Market Attachment in Rural Canada, Jan 2001.
4
Labour Market
1
Labour Market
Labour Market:
While the labour market remains one of the first lines of defense in eradicating poverty and ensuring economic
prosperity, understanding the labour market and its complexities aids communities in planning for economic growth,
responding to challenges and seizing economic opportunities.
The Local Labour Market is broadly defined and consists of complex relationships predicated on supply and
demand, and comprises the following:
Labour Force
Employed
Employment Rate
Not in the Labour Force
Participation Rate
Unemployed
Unemployment Rate
The portion of the working age population that is either employed
or unemployed and actively seeking employment.
The portion of the labour force that is employed.
The percentage of the working age population that is employed.
The portion of the working age population that is neither employed
nor actively seeking employment.
The percentage of the working age population that is in the labour
force.
The portion of the labour force that is unemployed and actively
looked for work in the previous 4 weeks.
The percentage of the labour force that is unemployed.
2
Labour Market
5000.0
Labour Force Unemployed
4500.0
400.0
200.0
3500.0
0.0
1997
1998
1999
431.2
405.6
4000.0
1990
521.2
600.0
4577.0
4288.6
4270.2
4007.6
4456.5
2000
1990
1997
1998
382.0 315.5
1999
2000
Source: Labour Market Information Unit, Belleville Human Resources Centre
Local Analysis:
Labour Market Activity is measured through small samplings within Census metropolitan areas or Economic Regions.
The Quinte region is included in Economic Region 515, along with Kingston, Pembroke, Frontenanc, Lennox and
Addington and Renfrew Counties. Given the huge geographic nature of the region, when coupled with population
densities, the number of people in the two Counties who participate in the survey is limited. At the same time, the
criteria used to measure employment are highly skewed. Specifically, participation rates, that is, the percentage of
the working age population that is in the labour force and unemployment rates must be examined simultaneously in
order to gain a true measure of the overall employment (and unemployment) situation in the region. The number of
social assistance recipients and recipients of Employment Insurance also factor into the equation.
In order to calculate data for Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, considerable calculations are necessary in order to
simulate labour force participation. In order to do so it is necessary to access additional information. Consequently,
the ability to release factual data becomes extremely complicated. Despite this, these figures are used to establish
the regional Unemployment Rate - a statistic the broad community accepts at face value. In Hastings & Prince
Edward Counties, the East Central Ontario Training and Adjustment Board is continuing to study ways in which local
labour market analysis can more accurately reflect real employment in the region. The Labour Force Survey is
conducted each month and used to produce estimates of labour market variables such as employment,
unemployment, and unemployment rates. Hastings & Prince Edward Counties are included in Economic Region 515.
The charts clearly demonstrate that greater numbers of people aged 15+ were active participants in the labour
force in 1999 than in the base year as a rate per 10,000 but that rate declined by 6.3% in 2000. The number of
unemployed declined in 2000 by 17%.
The year to year comparison indicates that progress was being made prior to 2000. This is exemplified by
examining the progress between 1999 (when Quinte reached a high of 4,577 people per 10,000 working) and
1997 (when the area hit its lowest point.) Increased participation in the labour force has a positive impact on
community quality of life.
3
Labour Market
These charts are deceptive though. Participation in the labour force does not necessarily mean that increased
numbers of people are actively and continuously employed throughout the year. It simply means that increased
numbers of individuals were seeking employment or had paid work in some form or another during that year. Month
to month figures also influence the yearly total.
Upon further examination, it is revealed that greater numbers of people were actually employed in January of 1990
than during the same month in 1999.
The information on the next page is determined using Census data, which, ideally, has a greater accuracy than that
of Labour Force Surveys that take place throughout the course of the year. The next Census, scheduled to take
place in 2001 will assist communities to continue to plan for and understand the labour market and its labour
market needs.
4
Labour Market
1996 Labour Force Characteristics
Population
15+
Ontario
Economic Region 515
Hastings County
City of Belleville
City of Trenton
Sidney Township
Thurlow Township
Murray Township
Town of Picton
Ameliasburgh
Township
South Marysburgh
Village of Wellington
Village of Bancroft
Village of Madoc
Village of Marmora
Village of Tweed
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labour
Force
Unemployment
Rate %
Participation
Rate %
Employment
Rate %
8,401,200
5,571,350
5,063,515
501,855
2,829,850
9.01
66.3
60.3
332,600
92,420
19,720
169,200
56,140
12,250
184,000
49,830
11,165
10,490
6,235
1,055
163,400
36,280
7,470
6.2
11.11
8.61
59.0
60.7
62.1
55.3
53.9
56.6
29,805
13,375
12,210
6,125
5,645
3,650
17,660
7,755
8,120
4,270
3,805
2,055
15,560
6,600
7,530
4005
3,460
1,730
2,105
1,155
590
280
345
315
12,145
5,620
4,090
1855
1,835
1,595
11.9
14.9
7.3
6.6
9.1
15.3
59.3
58
66.5
69.7
67.5
56.3
52.2
49.3
61.7
65.4
61.3
47.4
4,545
3,120
2,925
200
1,425
6.41
68.6
64.4
815
1415
1,980
1,135
1,105
1,290
510
485
15
305
630
545
80
785
1000
860
150
980
550
480
70
585
530
465
55
575
735
615
125
555
Source: 1996 Census, Statistics Canada, Zephyr
3
12.7
15.0
12.7
10.38
17
62.6
44.5
50.5
48.7
48.0
57
59.5
38.5
43.4
42.3
42
47.7
The chart above clearly indicates that Economic Region 515 and Hastings and Prince Edward Counties have fared
poorer than the Province for Participation Rates and Employment Rates.
Although Economic Region 515 has a lower Unemployment rate than that of the Province and Hastings & Prince
Edward Counties, the detailed summary of individual communities verifies that economic prosperity is, for the most
part, contained to communities outside Hastings County and Prince Edward County.
Only four communities of the thirteen study areas or 30% exceeded both the Provincial and Regional participation
rate and the Provincial and Regional employment rate. Each of the four communities is rural in nature.
5
Labour Market
1996 Labour Market By Occupation:
Hastings County
%
White Collar
16940
Grey Collar Worker
20365
Blue Collar Worker
15765
Worker21
Sales & Services
Business, Finance & Administration
Trades (Transportation,
Equipment)
Unique to Processing,
Manufacturing & Utility
Management
Social Service, Education, Gov’t, &
Religion
Health
Unique to Primary Industry
Natural & Applied Sciences
(related)
Arts, Culture, Recreation & Sport
Other
Prince Edward County %
30
3485
28
36
4275
35
28
3950
32
16275
8310
8185
29
15
14.5
3065
1555
1860
25
13
15
5225
9
885
7
4460
3215
8
6
865
1005
7
8
2600
2355
1570
5
4
3
730
1205
335
6
10
3
875
2190
1.5
4
205
320
1.5
2.5
Source: 1996 Census, Statistics Canada, Zephyr
White collar is defined as professional and management positions, grey includes technicians, and blue collar, labourers. Pink collar,
largely administrative and secretarial was not defined in Census 1996.
21
6
Labour Market
The following chart highlights the average wages of specific positions within the region. Its purpose for inclusion in
this report is two-fold. The first: to provide a summary of the discrepancies that exist across the region for specific
positions, the second: to provide communities, community leaders, and workers with information pertaining to key
fields within the region.
Quinte Area Sample Wage Rates January 1995 - December 1997
Wage
Occupation
Low
High
Senior Managers - Health, Education, Social & Community
11.00
39.00
Services & Membership Organizations
Average
22.82
Purchasing Managers
16.00
24.50
20.50
Managers in Health Care
14.10
24.85
19.62
Financial Managers
Maintenance Managers
Managers in Social, Community & Correctional Services
Construction Managers
Manufacturing Managers
Sales, Marketing & Advertising Managers
Financial Auditors & Accountants
Purchasing Agents & Officers
Other Business Services Managers
Other Administrative Services Managers
Immigration, Unemployment Insurance & Revenue Officers
Senior Government Managers & Officials
Records and File Clerks
Professional Occupations in Business Services to
Management
Supervisors, Recording, Distributing & Scheduling
Occupations
Production Clerks
Senior Managers - Goods Production, Utilities,
Transportation and Construct
Administrative Officers
Medical Secretaries
Legal Secretaries
Telephone Operators
16.32
11.00
16.00
15.00
8.00
9.50
7.00
13.00
8.53
7.00
10.10
8.25
6.85
10.00
22.00
25.00
22.36
21.00
33.65
25.00
26.51
18.00
24.38
25.15
17.89
19.56
18.59
15.62
19.50
19.25
18.71
17.71
17.40
16.41
15.72
15.39
14.19
14.15
13.99
13.93
13.50
13.11
7.00
19.26
12.95
8.12
10.50
20.00
13.33
12.91
12.33
7.00
10.50
7.25
7.00
19.50
15.03
15.92
18.50
12.32
12.31
11.85
11.83
7
Labour Market
Wage
Occupation
Accounting and Related Clerks
Payroll Clerks
Supervisors, General Office & Administrative Support Clerks
Administrative Clerks
Recreation & Sport Program & Service Directors
Facility Operation Managers
Purchasing and Inventory Clerks
Computer Operators
Survey Interviewers and Statistical Clerks
Library Clerks
Data Entry Clerks
Tellers, Financial Services
Secretaries (Except Legal & Medical)
Supervisors, Library, Correspondence & Related Information
Clerks
Banking, Insurance and Other Financial Clerks
Storekeepers and Parts Clerks
Retail Trade Managers
Customer Service, Information and Related Clerks
Restaurant and Food Service Managers
Bookkeepers
Dispatchers and Radio Operators
Correspondence, Publication and Related Clerks
Typists and Word Processing Operators
Mail, Postal and Related Clerks
General Office Clerks
Assessors, Valuators & Appraisers
Receptionists and Switchboard Operators
Shippers and Receivers
Typesetters and Related Occupations
Couriers and Messengers
Source: Human Resources Development Canada
8
Low
6.85
6.85
6.85
7.50
6.85
7.19
7.50
7.12
9.00
6.85
7.45
9.14
6.85
6.85
High
21.14
16.46
16.57
17.93
16.25
19.30
13.40
18.00
14.87
14.54
15.87
16.75
21.93
17.07
Average
11.50
11.41
11.37
11.35
11.26
11.25
11.17
11.13
11.12
11.09
11.05
10.89
10.88
10.81
7.50
7.00
6.95
6.85
7.00
6.85
6.85
7.50
9.00
6.85
6.85
8.40
6.85
6.85
8.00
7.06
15.22
17.00
19.00
16.00
18.66
16.18
13.63
14.95
11.63
16.65
21.53
11.00
14.48
20.32
12.00
12.30
10.80
10.73
10.67
10.58
10.43
10.27
10.20
10.15
10.12
9.95
9.85
9.80
9.63
9.20
9.15
8.61
Labour Market
The East Central Ontario Training & Adjustment Board Reports:
FULL TIME VS PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT
Another indicator of the “quality” of employment is the percentage breakdown of employment into full-time and parttime categories. “Full-time” employment is defined as full-time, full-year employment per the census. Everything
else is defined as “part-time” employment. Full-time employment is the preferred status since it usually yields more
hours, higher income and often greater employment benefits. Full time employment also results in a stronger
contribution to the local economy.
Region
Ontario
South LMA
North LMA
CENSUS 1996 – 100% OF ALL JOBS
Full-Time (%)
Part-Time (%)
54.9
45.1
52.1
47.9
43.6
56.4
NOTE: As one measure of “quality” of employment, a distinction is drawn between full-year, full-time employment
and every other employment scenario.
The Labour Market Area in the South scored slightly below the province, while the North was far behind both the
province and the South.
9
Labour Market
Labour Market Contributors:
Business Development organizations such as Trenval Business Development Corporation, the Prince Edward County
Community Development Corporation and the North Hastings District Community Development Corporation are all
funded by the federal government and are in the business of providing peer support, planning expertise, and
training to new businesses in the region. As the following chart indicates, they have succeeded in doing so. As
such, they contribute to community well being now and ideally, for the long-term.
Loans Extended Through Business Development Corporations in the Region
Jobs Maintained & Created With Assistance of
Business Development Corporations
350
300
Prince Edward
Trenval
North Hastings
250
200
150
100
50
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1995
1996
North Hastings
$ 642,000
$ 773,000
$ 1,033.000
$1,300,000
$ 1,400,000
1997
1998
Trenval
$ 627,000
$ 822,000
$ 584,000
$ 613,000
$ 904,000
1999
Prince Edward
$ 665,000
$ 347,000
$ 321,000
$ 367,000
$ 1,200,000
Source: North Hastings Community Development
Corporation, Trenval Business Development Corporation,
Prince Edward County Community Development
Corporation
* Figures have been rounded
10
1
The Voluntary Service Sector or “Third Sector” as it is commonly referred, is an important contributor to community
quality of life. The sector, made up of non-profit and charitable organizations, mobilizes community, enhances
democracy, fosters community participation, and responds to identified community needs so as to ensure a higher
quality of life for its citizens. Moreover, without the voluntary sector, municipalities would be hard pressed to
provide for the needs of its vulnerable citizens.
There are currently more than 175,000 non-profit corporations in Canada; roughly 77,000 registered with Revenue
Canada. As such, they are eligible to issue charitable tax receipts for gifts received. The Sector employees an
estimated 1.32 million individuals in Canada and generates more than $57 billion in revenue.22
In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, there are 281 organizations registered with Revenue Canada as charitable
organizations. There are 108 social service organizations or community betterment groups registered with Revenue
Canada in the region. The balance are faith communities, schools, or community service clubs. For the purposes of
this report, the Voluntary Service Sector is defined as registered community-based social service and community
betterment groups authorized to issue charitable tax receipts for gifts in kind and/or financial contributions.
United Way:
In the year 2000, thirty six organizations were supported by the United Way of Quinte. This represents roughly
thirty-nine per cent (39%) of all registered charities in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties. In the year 2000, the
United Way increased the number of organization to which it provides support. It also distributed an additional
$75,000 for outreach activities and issued grants for one-time funding under a limited granting process called “New
Ventures”.
22
Canadian Centre For Philanthropy, A Portrait of Canada’s Charities: The Size, Scope and Financing of Registered Charities, 1994.
2
Economics of United Way Member Agencies in Hastings & Prince Edward
The following chart provides an outline of the financial support provided to 31 of 36 United Way Member Agencies23
in the year 200024. These organizations received in excess of $13.9 million dollars in financial support from all
sources during the year and disbursed roughly $13.7 million dollars in expenditures. As is evident, the majority of
funding was as a result of payments and grants from sources other than the traditional financial supporters of the
voluntary sector. Other funding includes fees charged to program users and private project grants. The Provincial
Government contributed $5.8 million. By contrast, the least amount of funding is supplied by the Municipal
Government. Fund-raising (largely through the operation of bingo, lottery schemes, and Nevada Sales) exceeded
$795,000. United Way contributed $640,000. Direct charitable giving totaled roughly $241,000 while the Federal
Government contributed $211,000.
23 Does not include local branch offices of provincial and other bodies who are not independently governed by a local volunteer Board of
Directors, does not have its own charitable registration number, and is not autonomous from another governing body. Local branch offices
excluded do not administer financial reporting on their own behalf to the charities division of Revenue Canada. Also excluded is one
organization about which Revenue Canada could locate information only as recent as 1995.
May include data from 1999 calendar year due to fiscal year differences. All Data included is based upon information provided to
Revenue Canada, Charities Division by charities themselves and is assumed to be accurate.
24
3
Financial Contribution by Funding Source
UNITED WAY
4%
PROVINCIAL
40%
OTHER
47%
FEDERAL
1%
FUNDRAISING
5%
MUNICIPAL
1%
CHARITABLE DONATIONS
2%
Provincial Support of United Way Member Agencies:
Nearly 57 per cent (57%) of United Way Member Agencies included in the study receive financial support from the
Provincial Government. The percentage of organizational total budgets derived of Provincial Government Support
varies dramatically. In the voluntary service sector, whenever a single funding source makes up a high percentage
of the total budget, organizations are put at risk of external shifts. Shifts in government policy for example, or a
redirection in resource allocation, can deeply impact the sector’s ability to achieve its mandate. Consequently, many
organizations seek to diversify their financial base so as to avoid complete elimination.
Federal Support of United Way Member Agencies:
Thirty per cent (30%) of all organizations involved in this study receive financial support from the federal
government. The majority of these funds appear to be disbursements of employment grants to charitable
4
organizations. For the most part, these employment grants are used to create short-term and temporary
employment opportunities for workers in order to gain experience in the workforce.
Municipal Support of United Way Member Agencies:
Regional and Municipal Governments provide financial support to just thirteen per cent (13%) of the United Way
Member Agencies involved in this study.
Fundraising & United Way Member Agencies:
Although each of the 125 United Way branches across Canada serves as an umbrella organization for fund-raising
on behalf of the charitable sector in its region, nearly eighty-seven per cent (87%) of all United Way Member
Agencies involved in this study conduct additional fund-raising activities throughout the year. This would seem to
indicate that communities are being asked to participate in more than one fundraising campaign throughout the
year, contrary to the purpose of single United Way fund-raising campaigns. However, records submitted to Revenue
Canada indicate that the majority of funds raised through fund-raising activities occur as a result of special events
such as bingo operations, break-open ticket sales, yard sales, and other events.
Charitable Giving to the Sector:
Seventy-three per cent (73%) of the organizations involved in this study issued charitable tax receipts for
contributions made during the year. Most telling, however, is the differences that exist between organizations in the
amount of charitable gifts received during the course of the year. These amounts ranged from a low of just
$213.00 to a high in excess of $50,000. The average amount received by organizations through charitable giving
in the previous year was $11,031.46. Donations by private foundations to charitable organizations are also
included in this category.
Profit and Loss
Nearly Thirty per cent (30%) of all United Way Member Agencies ended the year with a deficit in the year 2000.
While the amount of individual deficits ranged from a low of $300 to a high of $44,000, the average deficit was
$10,425.33.
Sixty-three per cent (63%) of all organizations studied finished the year with a surplus. Surpluses ranged from a low
of $1800 to a high in excess of $200,000. Project funding carried-over into the next fiscal year is the most likely
cause of a high surplus.
5
Relationship between Funding Sources
In examining the relationship between funding sources as a percentage of the total budget, particular trends reveal
themselves. There appears to be a correlation between organizations with a high dependency on a single source of
funding and their participation in limited fundraising activities. This is certainly true of organizations that derive
more than 65% of their total budgets from government sources. Organizations with fewer economic resources
appear to conduct more fund-raising activities.
To the contrary, organizations that fund-raise more than twenty-five per cent (25%) of their total budgets appear to
have limited government support and a somewhat higher dependency on United Way funding. To this end, fundraising appears to be a necessity for some and an indulgence to others.
Voluntary Service Sector Labour Market Analysis:
All told, United Way member agencies employ 496 individuals, the majority of whom (it can be assumed) reside in
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties. As such, employees also contribute to the local economy.
The Voluntary Service Sector has evolved over time. Although agencies are in the business of helping community
members, they are nonetheless, businesses and are expected to operate using basic business principles. As such,
they are required to submit financial information each year to Revenue Canada, just as other businesses are
required to submit income tax information. Unlike that required of private sector business, however, in addition to
reporting revenue and expenditures, charities are required to include an overview of remuneration paid to its most
senior managers. Failing to report financial information on an annual basis can result in charitable organizations
losing their charitable status. Consequently, they are no longer eligible to issue charitable tax receipts and can be
excluded from accessing specific funding opportunities as a result. The United Way, for example, only funds
organizations that are registered with Revenue Canada. Losing charitable status can result in a loss of United Way
funding.
Amongst United Way Member Agencies, forty seven per cent 47% of all senior managers are paid less than $29,999
for their services. Forty three per cent (43%) of all senior managers earn between $30,000 and $49,999 per
annum, while eleven per cent (11%) receive a rate of pay that ranges between $50,000 and $69,999.00.
Assuming that senior managers of non-profits work a full time equivalent of 37.5 hours per week, and that salary
ranges are contained to mid-levels, averages can be estimated to determine an hourly equivalent wage.
Labour Market analysis outlined earlier in the report compares the high, low, and average hourly wages of senior
managers. It’s findings, repeated below, is slightly higher than the analysis conducted by the Community
Development Council of Quinte.
6
Occupation
Low
Senior Managers - Health, Education, Social & Community Services &
Membership Organizations
11.00
High
39.00
Average
22.82
Source: Statistics Canada, 1996 Census
Occupation
Low
Senior Managers – United Way Member Agencies
10.26
High
30.77
Average
20.51
$20,000/annum $60,000/annum $40,000/annum
Calculations determined using static figure/52weeks/37.5hours per week
Non-United Way Member Agencies:
There are another 56 charities that are registered with Revenue Canada that provide services within Hastings &
Prince Edward Counties. Collectively, those organizations have revenues in excess of $45 Million, bringing the total
revenue from all sources in the Voluntary Service Sector in the region to $60.2 million annually.
7
Financial Contribution by Funding Source of
Non-United Way Member Agencies
CHARITABLE DONATIONS
3%
FUNDRAISING
4%
OTHER
10%
MUNICIPAL
1%
FEDERAL
2%
PROVINCIAL
80%
General Analysis:
Provincial Support of the Voluntary Service Sector:
The Provincial Government contributes a total of $42.5 million to all charitable organizations in the region. This
represents 71% of all revenues25 in the voluntary service sector.
Federal Support of the Voluntary Service Sector:
The Federal Government contributes a total of $1.2 million to all charitable organizations in the region. This
represents 2% of all revenues in the Voluntary Service Sector.
25
May not total 100% due to rounding.
8
Municipal Support of the Voluntary Service Sector:
The Municipal Government contributes a total of $660,000 to all charitable organizations in the region. This
represents 1% of all revenues in the Voluntary Service Sector.
United Way Support of the Voluntary Service Sector:
The United Way contributes a total of $664,000 to charitable organizations in the region. This represents 1% of all
revenues in the Voluntary Service Sector.
Charitable Giving:
Excluding charitable giving through the United Way of Quinte, the sector issued charitable tax receipts in the amount
of $1.7 million to individuals and organizations that support the work of the Voluntary Service Sector. This
represents roughly 3% of all revenues in the Voluntary Service Sector.
Fund-raising:
Roughly $2.3 million is raised by the charitable sector to support the provision of services to area residents. This
represents almost 4% of all revenues in the Voluntary Service Sector.
Other Financial Sources:
Revenue from other sources including user fees, private foundations, and other sources totaled $11.38 million. This
represents just over 19% of all revenues in the Voluntary Service Sector.
9
Voluntary Sector’s Contribution to Community Well Being:
The Sector employs 1557 individuals.
Aside from the general good works conducted by social service organizations and community betterment groups,
The Voluntary Service Sector contributes to community well-being in other ways. Revenues of charitable
organizations are, for the most part, used to contribute to the local economy through the purchase of services
(including wages). If just 2/3 of all expenditures is re-invested in the local economy, the local community reaps the
benefit of more than $39 million annually.
10
Education
1
Education
Education:
“Since the 1960’s the Canadian labour market has been subject to rapid changes in technology. The changes have
now gone beyond conventional mechanization to encompass robotics, computerization and, in the office, personal
computers, facsimile machines and electronic mail. As the information society replaces the industrial society,
technological change is demanding changes…”26 Education and Skills Development therefore are key to a
community’s capacity to embrace and adapt to the changing work environment.
1996 Highest Education Attainment Levels:
% of population aged 25 and over
Less than high
school certificate
Ontario
High School
Certificate
11.7
Hastings County
City of Belleville
City of Trenton
Sidney Township
Thurlow Township
Murray Township
Town of Picton
Ameliasburgh Township
South Marysburgh
Village of Wellington
Village of Bancroft
Village of Madoc
Village of Marmora
Village of Tweed
10.2
11.2
7.2
8.9
7.8
15.9
7.5
13.2
13.6
21.2
18.7
20
17.7
Trades Certificate or
Other Non-University
University
69.4
45.9
18.8
43.98
40.79
31.2
30.7
12.86
14.2
67.1
60
72.2
69.9
69.6
60.3
72.3
73.6
60.1
56.4
52.9
40
52.1
41.5
35.9
44.8
44.7
45.5
37.2
48.2
49.3
43.4
37
32.1
28.4
33.5
12.3
7.0
9.1
9.1
5.8
10.3
14.0
15.3
15.1
13.7
3.2
3.7
5.1
Statistically, neither Hastings nor Prince Edward Counties has attained the Education Level of Ontario as a whole.
The only exception to this pertains to the percentage of the population aged 25 and over with less than a high
school graduation certificate. Pockets of communities within the two Counties have significantly lower education
attainment levels than the region or the province. This is revealed in the percentage of the population that is
University educated in the Village of Madoc, the Village of Marmora, the Village of Tweed, and in Murray Township.
At the other end of the spectrum, a higher percentage of the population of the Village of Bancroft has less than a
high school graduation certificate. The Village of Marmora trails closely behind.
26
Gunderson & Muszynski, Women and Labour Market Poverty, Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women, 1990
2
Education
South Marysburgh and Ameliasburg Township both exceed all other communities, including the Province of Ontario
and the region, in the percentage of the population that has post-secondary trades certificates, diplomas, and nonuniversity (such as community college) education. If we were to over-lay what we already know about these
communities, we would see that both of these communities have high participation rates, low unemployment rates,
and low bankruptcy rates.
3
Education
Loyalist College:
Located in the former Township of Sidney, Loyalist College has provided thousands of area students and students
from around the world with a broad-based practicum in order to provide students with a career oriented education.
In addition to a wide spectrum of programs and courses, the college offers a full campus life which includes access
to: An Aboriginal Resource Centre; An Alumni Association; The Anderson Centre for Information Resources; a
Videoconferencing Centre; Computer Aided Learning; Student Access Lab; Employment and Career Services;
Counselling and Student Services; A Health Centre; A Student Activity Centre; Off-Campus Housing Services;
Residences; A Fitness Centre; and recreational activities.
Students of Loyalist College can also take advantage of a number of University Transfer Agreements that have been
established with Universities throughout the world. Through these agreements Loyalist College graduates can
receive up to 60 University credits to be applied against Degree programs in specific fields of training.
Each year, Community Colleges across Ontario survey their graduates to determine activities following graduation.
The following is a composite of results spanning 1994 – 1999.
4
Education
LOYALIST COLLEGE GRADUATES:
Applied Science & Technology:27
# of
graduates
Year
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Averages
243
179
215
186
171
178
195.33
% Employed In Field or
Related Field
Averaged Median salaries28
(all disciplines)
45%
55%
55.8
62%
57.5 %
55.5 %
55.1%
$26,800
$24,700
$26,000
$27,300
$29,000
$30,500
$27,383.33
Business and Computer Studies 29
Year
# of
graduates
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Averages
214
187
234
191
151
91
178
Related Field
Averaged Median salaries
(all disciplines)
60%
45%
61%
67.8%
58.3 %
63.2 %
59.2%
$20,600
$22 750
$22,200
$23,400
$24,000
$26,900
$23,308
Includes graduates of the following programs: Architectural Technician, Architectural Technology, Chemical Laboratory Assistant,
Chemical Engineering Technician, Chemical Engineering Technology, Civil Engineering Technician, Civil Engineering Technology, Construction
Engineering Technician, Electronic Engineering Technician, Electronic Engineering Technology, Environmental Technician, Environmental
Technology, Mechanical Engineering Technician, Mechanical Engineering Technology, Survey Technician
27
Although statistically unstable, median salaries from all individual disciplines have been cumulated and divided by the number of
disciplines so as to determine the average.
28
Includes graduates of the following programs: Accounting Techniques, Accounting, Appraisal and Assessment, Business Administration,
Business – marketing, Business – Sales, Information Systems, Office Administration, Small Business Office Automation
29
5
Education
Health and Community Services30
Year
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Averages
# of
graduates
245
244
196
266
239
208
233
Related Field
Averaged median salaries
(all disciplines)
57%
55%
52.6
$21,800
$24,100
$22,400
57.7%
68%
78.4 %
61.5 %
$21,700
$24,200
$27,300
$23,583.33
Human Studies31
Year
# of
graduates
1994
204
1995
218
1996
231
1997
234
1998
215
1999
181
Averages
213.83
Related Field
Averaged Median salaries
(all disciplines)
70%
67%
50.4%
63.2%
64.8 %
63.7 %
63.2%
$27,600
$24,000
$22,100
$19,660
$23,700
$22,400
$23,243.33
Includes graduates of the following programs: Law and Security Administration, Police Foundations, Nursing Personal Support Worker,
Practical Nursing, Recreation and Leisure Services
30
31
Includes graduates of the following programs: Developmental Services Worker, Early Childhood Education, General Arts and Science,
Social Service Worker
6
Education
Media and Tourism32
Year
# of
graduates
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Averages
155
188
154
189
219
183
181.33
Related Field
Averaged median salaries
(all disciplines)
50%
58%
56.6%
57%
56.5 %
60.4 %
56.4%
$18,100
$17,200
$18,900
$19,555
$20,700
$24,000
$19,742.50
Based upon the information that has been collected, it becomes clear that Loyalist College graduates enjoy a
consistent degree of success in securing work within their respective fields. The averaged median salary at entry
level for these positions ranges from a high of $30,500 for Applied Science (1999) to a low of $17,200 for Media
and Tourism (1995). On average the lowest wage earned was in Media and Tourism, while the lowest employment
placement in a specified field of study was in the School of Applied Arts & Science.
In an independent province-wide study of key performance indicators involving students, graduates and employers,
Loyalist College exceeded all system-wide averages. It scored second of all colleges involved in the study for
graduate employment within six months and the highest of all colleges for graduate satisfaction following
graduation.
Loyalist College also has campuses throughout the region including those in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties in:
Bancroft, Madoc, Belleville (Quinte Secondary School), Stirling, Picton, Trenton, Tweed, and Tyendinaga.
Throughout the region, other post-secondary schools have suffered some financial and administrative hardship over
the past decade. Ontario Business College, Toronto School of Business, Clarke Business College, and Academy of
Learning have all seen a number of changes over the past few years, including the closing of some local offices and
new management.
32
Includes graduates of the following programs: Advertising, Broadcasting, Hotel and Restaurant Management, Journalism, Photojouralism,
Travel and Tourism
7
Education
Elementary & Secondary Schools:
Public, private and separate schools are all part of the fabric of Hastings & Prince Edward Counties education
systems and contribute to community well being now and for the long-term. Hastings and Prince Edward Counties
has both a separate and public school system, considered traditional education systems, which collectively touches
the lives of roughly 23,700 elementary school students, 11,800 secondary school students and more than 1,000
adult students. Students also participate in private education and home schooling within the region.
The Hastings & Prince Edward District School Board (HPEDSB):
!
Served 14,510 elementary students and 7237 secondary students in the year 2000.
!
!
!
!
!
!
Has 48 elementary schools:
19 in Belleville and surrounding area,
6 in Centre Hastings,
8 in North Hastings,
9 in Prince Edward County,
6 in Quinte West
!
!
!
!
!
!
8 secondary schools:
3 in Belleville and surrounding area
1in Centre Hastings
1 in North Hastings
1 in Prince Edward County
2 in Quinte West
!
Had a total operating budget in excess of $82.5 million in the year 2000
!
And employed 1,167 teachers in the year 2000.
8
Education
The Algonquin and Lakeshore Catholic District School Board:
!
Served 9,241 elementary students, 3,915 secondary students and 1017 adult students in the year 2000.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Has 37 elementary schools:
5 in Belleville and surrounding area,
2 in South East Hastings
2 in Centre Hastings,
2 in North Hastings,
1 in Prince Edward County,
2 in Quinte West
!
!
!
!
!
!
5 secondary schools:
2 in Belleville and surrounding area
0 in Centre Hastings
0 in North Hastings
1 in Quinte West
!
!
!
!
6 Learning Centres (annexes)
1 in Quinte West
1 in Shannonville
!
Had a total operating budget in excess of $86.1 million in the year 2000
!
Covers 13,578 square kms. – east to Seeley’s Bay, west to Trenton, south to and including Prince Edward
County, and north to Whitney, near Algonquin Park
!
And employed 1900 teachers, administrative and support staff in the year 2000.
9
Education
Sir James Whitney School:
!
Served 45 elementary students and 39 secondary students in the academic year commencing September
2000.
!
First permanent school for deaf students in Ontario.
!
One of five alternative education schools in Ontario.
!
Offers bi-lingual, bi-cultural program involving one deaf and one hearing teacher in each of the lower grades,
both of whom use ASL and English for communication and instruction.
!
Founded in 1870 as the “Ontario Institution for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb”.
!
And employed 30 educational staff, 22 residential staff, and 18 resource staff in the year 2000.
10
Education
As the chart below indicates, over the past four school years (five calendar years) the majority of Sir James Whitney
graduates pursue post-secondary education upon completion of secondary school.
Sir James Whitney School
Graduate Activity
Other
120
100
College or University
80
Apprenticeship
Program
Self-Employed
60
40
20
0
1996
1997
1998
Employed
1999
11
Education
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties are also home to 10 private educational facilities registered with the Ontario
Ministry of Education. They are:
Prince Edward County:
Name
Location
School #
Affiliation33
Quinte Country School
P.O. Box 999, Picton
884839
Unaffiliated
Sonrise Christian Academy
Box 845,58 Johnston Street, Picton
888702
ACSI
Bayfield School
P.O. Box 10, Consecon
881988
Unaffiliated
Grades
Kindergarten –
Elementary
Kindergarten –
Elementary
Elementary -Secondary
(Male) Special Ed.
Belleville:
Name
Location
School #
Affiliation
Albert College
160 Dundas Street West, Belleville
885126
CIS
Belleville District Christian School
R. R. #5, 18 Christian School Road,
Belleville
289 Pinnacle Street, Belleville
Front Street, Belleville
886521
OACS
889830
OACS
Unaffiliated
Quinte Christian High School
QLC
Grades
Kindergarten –
Elementary - Secondary
Kindergarten –
Elementary
Secondary
Quinte West:
Name
Trenton Christian School
Location
School #
340 Second Dug Hill Road
886572
Affiliation
OACS
Grades
Kindergarten Elementary
North Hastings:
Name
Bancroft Christian Academy
Hillview Christian Day School
Location
School #
P.O. Box 637, Bancroft
R. R. # 4, Bancroft
875325
888184
Affiliation
ACSI
Mennonite
Grades
Elementary
Elementary -Secondary
Glossary: ACSI – Association of Christian Schools International; OACS – Ontario Accelerated Christian Schools; CIS – Conference of
Independent Schools
33
12
Education
Although unable to determine the number of students who participate in home schooling in the region, a Home
Schooling Association has been operational for a number of years. They meet regularly, share resources, and
organize co-operative learning opportunities.
All told, it is estimated that roughly 1000 students participate in a non-traditional education system in the region.
This represents just three (3%) per cent of the total population involved in traditional educational systems.
13
1
The towns, villages and cities that make up the region have historically, served as the nucleus of community. The
region has a long and varied history. From the United Empire Loyalists who settled on the shores of the Bay of
Quinte to the allocation of land to families whose members served in the military, Quinte area residents formed
towns, villages, and cities in order to plan for and respond to the collective needs of its community members.
Many changes have occurred within the municipalities that comprise Hastings & Prince Edward Counties in recent
years. Amalgamation, reportedly aimed at reducing expenditures, increasing efficiencies and the capacity of
communities to plan for and respond to the needs of its members, has been central to those changes.
In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, 40 “lower” or “single tier” municipalities34, have been reduced to 16.
Municipal Expenditures:
Due to the fact that amalgamations did not take place uniformly across the region, when coupled with the fact that
the amalgamation process was hugely complex, it is difficult to conduct a comparative analysis aimed at determining
whether amalgamations have indeed reduced expenditures, increased efficiencies, and/or increased the capacity of
communities to respond to the needs of its members.
What we can do however, is to analyze pre-amalgamation data, combine total costs and compare to postamalgamation costs. At the same time, we can maintain statistics from this point forward so as to establish a base
year for future data analysis.
Lower tier is defined as: Cities, Towns, Villages, Townships, Separated Towns, or Improvement Districts according to the Ontario Ministry
of Municipal Affairs and Housing. In this region, there are no separated towns or improvement districts.
34
2
Quinte West:
Quinte West is comprised of the former City of Trenton, Township of Sidney, Village of Frankford, and Murray
Township.
With the exception of spending in Arts, Culture, & Recreation and the Environment, Quinte West saw an increase in
spending over expenditures prior to amalgamation. The most dramatic increase was found in health and social
services, followed by general government.
Key Areas of Spending - Quinte West
$12,000,000.00
1997 Combined Expenditures
1998 Amalgamated
$10,000,000.00
1999 Amalgamated
$8,000,000.00
$6,000,000.00
$4,000,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$-
G eneral
G overnm ent
A rts,C ulture &
R ecreation
Environm ent
Health & Social
Services
Protection
Services
1997 C om bined Expenditures
$3,309,000.00
$3,017,000.00
$9,428,000.00
$1,785,000.00
$5,564,000.00
$4,504,000.00
1998 A m algam ated
$5,239,509.00
$2,760,543.00
$8,117,064.00 $10,168,789.00 $7,264,052.00
$5,332,012.00
1999 A m algam ated
$5,465,811.00
$2,900,137.00
$7,212,257.00
$5,789,317.00
$9,095,055.00
$7,396,000.00
Transportation
(Source: Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing, and Audited Financial Statements for the City of Quinte West for the fiscal year
ending 1999.)
3
City of Belleville:
The amalgamated City of Belleville is comprised of the former City of Belleville and Thurlow Township.
Similar to above, The City of Belleville saw a decline in spending on Arts, Culture, & Recreation and in the
Environment, but an increase in spending pre-amalgamation for Health & Social Services and General Government.
Expenditures in Health, Social Services (which includes social housing) is most dramatic in the new City of Belleville
than anywhere else in the region. Increases in spending, with the exception of Health and Social Services, were less
dramatic than that found in Quinte West.
(Source: Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing, and Audited Financial Statements for the City of Belleville for the fiscal year ending
1999.)
Key Areas of Spending - Belleville
$35,000,000.00
$30,000,000.00
1998 Amalgamated
1999 Amalgamated
$25,000,000.00
$20,000,000.00
$15,000,000.00
$10,000,000.00
$5,000,000.00
$-
General
Government
Arts, Culture &
Recreation
Environment
Health & Social
Services
Protection Services
$4,809,000.00
$5,723,000.00
$13,934,000.00
$16,289,000.00
$12,670,000.00
$8,769,000.00
1998 Amalgamated
$5,930,613.00
$5,579,591.00
$6,876,095.00
$29,982,540.00
$12,738,134.00
$6,820,105.00
1999 Amalgamated
$6,508,598.00
$5,130,139.00
$7,073,076.00
$30,795,986.00
$12,847,402.00
$8,361,979.00
4
Transportation
Prince Edward County now encompasses the following communities: South Marysburgh, North Marysburgh,
Hallowell Township, Athol Township, Village of Bloomfield, Village of Wellington, Town of Picton, Hillier Township,
Ameliasburgh Township, Township of Sophiasburgh.
Except for an increase in spending to Health and Social Services and Protection Services, Prince Edward County has
not seen the dramatic increases or decreases in key areas that other communities saw post-amalgamation. Prince
Edward County is also the only area studied so far that has increased its spending in the area of Arts, Culture &
Recreation.
(Source: Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing, and Audited Financial Statements for the Prince Edward County for the fiscal year
ending 1999.)
Key Areas of Spending - Prince Edward County
$8,000,000.00
$7,000,000.00
$6,000,000.00
$5,000,000.00
Total Pre Amalgamation
$4,000,000.00
1999 Amalgamated
$3,000,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$-
General
Government
Arts, Culture &
Recreation
Environment
Health & Social
Services
Protection Services
Transportation
Total Pre - Amalgamation
$2,906,000.00
$1,675,000.00
$3,838,000.00
$6,304,000.00
$2,048,000.00
$6,488,000.00
1999 Amalgamated
$2,980,206.00
$1,684,562.00
$4,290,772.00
$7,059,047.00
$3,940,149.00
$6,428,571.00
5
Centre Hastings:
The Village of Madoc, Huntingdon Township and Madoc Township amalgamated to form the region now known as
Centre Hastings.
With the exception of spending in protection services, spending in Centre Hastings post-amalgamation is lower than
pre-amalgamation. In essence, Centre Hastings’ spending is the model for which amalgamation served its purpose
insofar as being able to increase financial efficiencies, and ideally, the capacity of community to respond to the
needs of its members.
(Source: Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing, and Audited Financial Statements for the Municipality of Centre Hastings for the
Key Areas of Spending - Centre Hastings
$1,200,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$800,000.00
1998 Amalgamated
$600,000.00
1999 Amalgamated
$400,000.00
$200,000.00
$General
Arts, Culture &
Environment
Government
Recreation
Health &
Social
Services
Protection
Services
Transportation
$648,000.00
$304,000.00
$581,000.00
$6,000.00
$391,000.00
$1,107,000.00
1998 Amalgamated
$312,252.00
$242,793.00
$506,665.00
$5,260.00
$645,114.00
$853,409.00
1999 Amalgamated
$296,990.00
$252,842.00
$449,598.00
$12,589.00
$706,637.00
$943,489.00
fiscal year ending 1999.)
6
Public Sector Priorities:
The Public Sector Salary Disclosure Act requires that municipalities disclose the salaries of anyone employed in the
public sector earning greater than $100,000 per year. In Hastings County 29 public sector employees earned
greater than $100,000 in the year 2000. Not included below are employees of Crown Corporations in the region.
There were no public sector employees in Prince Edward County who earned greater than $100,000 per year.
Municipality/County
Quinte West
City of Belleville
Position
Number of Public Sector
Employees Earning
<$100,000
0
15
$000
!
!
184.6
!
172.2
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Assoc. Pathologist –Quinte Health
Care Corporation (QHC)
Director of Laboratory Medicine
(QHC)
President/CEO (QHC)
Chief of Staff (QHC)
President/CEO (QHC) (former)
Assoc. Pathologist
VP Finance
Police Chief
Chief Administrative Officer
VP Patient Services
City Engineer
Registered Nurse (QHC)
VP Diagnostics (QHC)
Belleville Utilities Manager (former)
VP Medical Affairs
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
172
165
144.9
141.1
116
111.5
105.9
103.7
103
103
101.2
100.6
100.1
!
!
Medical Officer of Health
Community Care Access Centre CEO
!
!
142.4
103.7
!
Centre Hastings
Bancroft
Prince Edward
County
Hastings County
Amount
0
0
0
2
7
How does this contribute to Community Well Being?
Municipal Expenditures within a region/municipality provides greater insight into the priorities of community. In
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, it appears as if community priority lies with ensuring the physical well being of
its residents.
There is however a correlation between health care costs and remuneration paid to public sector employees,
especially when the greatest proportion of public servants earning greater than $100,000 per year is comprised of
administrators in the Health sector. The higher the pay, the higher the cost to provide/receive the service. Health
and Social Services also includes public health, social assistance, and social housing, (the responsibility for which
has been transferred to municipalities). This can also explain some of the trend towards increased health and social
service expenses.
While contributing to the health and physical well being of residents makes a huge contribution to community well
being, collating information this way also identifies areas of lesser priority. This also affects community well being,
now and for the long-term. Arts, Culture, & Recreation for example have seen declining financial support from
municipalities everywhere in the region studied except in Prince Edward County as has the Environment. While, on
the one hand it can be argued that these areas have seen a decline in expenditures due to increasing efficiencies, it
is highly likely that a reduction in expenditures is more likely caused by a shift in priority. Since environmental
expenditures also include water and water treatment in the region, the region is cautioned to continue to monitor
municipal investment in environmental services.
While amalgamation was aimed at improving the capacity of local municipalities to meet the needs of its citizens now
and for the long-term and to increase financial efficiencies, post-amalgamation costs have, for the most part,
increased. Whether communities would have been hard pressed to meet the needs of their residents as a result of
their changing environments without having undertaken an amalgamation process and done so in a manner that
ensured economic sustainability is simple rhetoric given the complexities facing municipalities as a result of
devolution.
None-the-less, communities continue to strengthen community infrastructure so as to ensure sustainable
communities now and for the long-term. In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, more than $25.65 million has been
invested in infrastructure projects throughout the region between the years 1995 and 1998. This has included
projects as varied as: Reconstructing roadways in Massassauga to replacing the roof on the Library in Ameliasburgh
Township. It has also included: Improvements to Drainage Ditches in Athol Township, Rehabilitation of Sanitary
Sewers in the City of Belleville, “Religning” the Deseronto Water Tower, Resurfacing Roads in Sidney Township, and
extending Municipal Water and Sewer Services to Thurlow Township.
While some of these investment may provoke questions pertaining to its contribution to community infrastructure
(renovating a bowling alley in Sidney Township? Improvements to a parking lot in Prince Edward County?
Construction of a Track and Field Facility in Belleville?) Infrastructure investment, if implemented ethically, also
8
contributes to the local economy through wages paid to local workers, services purchased from local businesses,
and distribution of currency through spending.
Municipalities face many challenges, including a wary public that holds its leaders accountable for the decisions
made. This is often facilitated through local media which serves both to inform and provoke discussions within
community. The Financial Management of the local health care corporation and the public displays of disdain and
disrespect toward and by municipal council members has provided much fodder for local media sources of late given
the accusations and innuendo that abounds. The long-term financial planning needs of local hospitals, the
appointment of individuals to Boards, Commissions, and Committees, and the conflicts of interest (perceived or
otherwise) that exist throughout the region as a result of relationships, work, or volunteer activity diverts attention
from issues which inform the public and ensures public accountability, transparency, and democracy.
9
Voter Participation
1
Voter Participation
Voter Participation:
Voter participation in municipal elections reflects to some extent public confidence in the municipal government
process and its values surrounding public accountability, transparency, and democracy.
In the year 2000, there was not one but two democratic election processes taking place simultaneously in the
region. Voter turn out for elections, that is, the total number of people who cast a vote at the ballot box on Election
Day, was only marginally reflective of all eligible voters. Detailed analysis follows for municipal elections, provincial
elections, and federal elections.
Municipal Elections:
As the next chart indicates, participation in the municipal election process shows a trend of increased participation
over 1997, indicating resurgence, albeit incremental, in civic participation.
The chart also indicates, small numbers of voters, as a percentage of all eligible voters, participate in municipal
elections in the region. Only voter participation in the Village of Bancroft exceeds 50% of all eligible voters for both
the year 1997 and the year 2000. While Centre Hastings had a voter participation of 50% or more in 1997, in the
year 2000, less than 50% of all eligible voters participated in municipal elections. Voter participation in the year
2000 exceeded 50% in the Town of Deseronto.
2
Voter Participation
COMPARISON OF VOTER TURNOUT IN 1997 & 2000 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN HASTINGS COUNTY
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Town of
Bancroft
Municip. of
Centre
Hastings
Township of
Tyendinaga
Township of
Limerick
Deseronto
City of Quinte
West
Township of
Marmora &
Lake
City of
Belleville
Township of
Carlow
Municip. of
Tweed
Township of
StirlingRawdon
Township of
Madoc
Township of
Faraday
Township of
Herschel
1997 % Voter Turnout
61.0%
53.0%
45.0%
42.0%
42.0%
38.0%
38.0%
35.0%
34.0%
32.0%
31.8%
23.0%
19.0%
18.0%
2000 % Voter Turnout
56.3%
47.0%
40.7%
47.2%
52.7%
41.0%
37.3%
48.0%
36.5%
40.8%
38.7%
28.6%
35.8%
17.6%
Two communities saw a dramatic increase in voter participation. The Township of Faraday saw an increase of
16.8% in voter participation while They City of Belleville, saw an increase of 13%.
Of larger urban centres, The City of Belleville in particular, saw a dramatic decline between 1991 and 1997 as is
evidenced by the following chart. This was followed by an increase to 48% in the year 2000. The Community
Development Council of Quinte, was unable, however, to access information from any of three sources, The Ministry
of Municipal Affairs and Housing, The City of Belleville City Clerk’s office, and The City of Quinte West City Clerk’s office
for 1994 municipal election data. The Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing was not able to find any
data for Prince Edward County whatsoever. In essence, with the exception of information maintained by area
newspapers, the 1994 municipal election simply vanished into thin air. Chris Stewart, Assistant Clerk for the City of
Quinte West reports that “information is purged after each municipal election making comparative analysis almost
impossible.” Ironically, however, statistics for the 1991 municipal election was easily accessible.
3
Voter Participation
None-the-less, Voter Participation in The City of Belleville saw just 35% of all eligible voters determine the final
outcome in the 1997 municipal election while 48% of all eligible voters, still less than half of all eligible voters,
determined the outcome of the municipal election in the year 2000.
VOTER TURN OUT IN THE CITY OF BELLEVILLE MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS
60%
50%
48%
47%
45%
40%
35%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1988
1991
1997
4
2000
Voter Participation
Trends in Quinte West echoed that of trends for the City of Belleville. Prior to amalgamation, newspaper records
indicate that in the former City of Trenton, there was a voter participation rate of 41.96 %. Statistics provided to the
Community Development Council of Quinte from the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing indicates that in the
amalgamated City of Quinte West just 38% of all eligible voters cast their ballot in 1997. In the year 2000, that
figure increased to 42%. The following chart breaks down voter participation rate by ward for the 1997 and 2000
municipal elections. Only the Village of Frankford achieved numbers reflective of the community in the 2000
elections with just over one-half of all eligible voters having cast their ballot.
Quinte West 1997 Municipal Election
Voter Turnout By Ward
60.0%
50.0%
51.0%
47.0%
45.0%
40.0%
49.5%
39.7%
36.3%
35.0%
32.9%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Trenton Ward
Sidney Ward
Murray Ward
Frankford Ward
While incomplete data for other years makes comparative analysis almost impossible, the data that is available
indicates that additional emphasis must be placed onto engaging voters in the election process so that the
outcomes of democratic election processes are truly reflective of community.
5
Voter Participation
With very little data available, no comparative analysis can be undertaken for Prince Edward County at this time. The
participation rate for the 2000 municipal election was 43.1%.
The Best Candidate for the Position:
Selecting the best candidate for the position is, at the best of times, a difficult task. In provincial and federal
elections, party platforms often determine the person or party voters select. In municipal elections, this is not
always the case. Many local candidates run on similar issues. Many are concerned about issues affecting
community quality of life: jobs, taxes, efficiencies, and the decay of central core. Yet it appears as though residents
are more actively engaged in the provincial election process and in the federal election than municipal elections. This
is a somewhat surprising trend, given that the assumption is often that municipal politics is more likely to affect the
day to day lives of citizens than politics at any other level and as a result, would garner increased participation than
other election processes.
In the region, there were two recounts – in Prince Edward County and the Town of Deseronto. In both cases, the
candidate who had been declared the winner on election night was confirmed.
6
Voter Participation
Voter Participation in Provincial Elections:
As the chart on the next page indicates, voter participation declined between the 1995 provincial election and 1990.
The environment at the commencement of the decade, 1990, was one of sweeping change as the New Democratic
Party, led by Bob Rae came to power in Ontario. Ontarians swung from left to right during the 1995 provincial
elections, and yet, fewer voters in the region participated in the decision making that would affect them for years to
come.
While the N.D.P. held two of the three ridings locally in the 1990 provincial election and a Liberal member the third,
in 1995, Conservative candidates unseated all incumbents and a former Mayor running for the Liberal party, to take
the region. (The Liberal incumbent had retired.) The bar graph below reflects the changes to riding boundaries
prior to the 1999 provincial election. Due to these changes, it is difficult to conduct comparative analysis by riding.
Accessing data is also compounded by the fact that Quinte West is now part of two ridings: Sidney and Frankford
Wards are part of Prince Edward – Hastings35, formerly Quinte while Murray Ward and the City of Trenton are part
of Northumberland (which extends west of Port Hope).
In the 1999 election, Liberal candidates unseated the Conservatives in two of the three ridings studied. Only the
Conservative incumbent in Northumberland (now encompassing the former City of Trenton) retained his position.
Prince Edward – Hastings Federal Riding Boundaries is not to be confused with the County of Hastings nor the County of Prince Edward
since the riding boundaries do not extend North, nor West to include Hastings County’s geographic scope.
35
7
Voter Participation
PERCENTAGE OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS WHO VOTED
IN THE LAST THREE PROVINICIAL ELECTIONS 1990, 1995, 1999
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1990
1995
HASTINGS-PETERBOROUGH
68.8%
67.4%
QUINTE
61.5%
60.0%
PRINCE EDWARD-LENNOX-SOUTH
HASTINGS
59.4%
58.8%
ONTARIO
64.5%
63.0%
1999
58.3%
HASTINGS-FRONTENAC-LENNOX &
ADDINGTON
61.5%
PRINCE EDWARD-HASTINGS
57.0%
HASTINGS-PETERBOROUGH
QUINTE
PRINCE EDWARD-LENNOX-SOUTH HASTINGS
ONTARIO
HASTINGS-FRONTENAC-LENNOX & ADDINGTON
8
Voter Participation
A much clearer picture is gained by examining voter participation in provincial elections at the community level. As
the next chart indicates, the Village of Bancroft continues to lead the way in voter participation. In 1995, the Village
of Bancroft achieved an 82.1% voter participation rate, remarkable by any standards. Although lower in 1999 than
1995, a full 79.2% of all eligible voters in the Village participated in the last provincial election. By contrast, while
many communities saw a decline in voter participation between 1990 and 1999, none was as dramatic as the
Village of Tweed. Tweed saw a decline of 13.9% indicating clear disillusionment with election processes. Quinte
West was second highest of all declines with a decline of 5.4% in voter participation. Overall, participation rates by
community exceeded participation rates in the municipal election process.
Comparison of Provincial Election Voter Turnout Percentages
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Bancroft
Municipality of
Tweed
Limerick
Carlow
1990
79.2
74.3
72.2
68.5
67.9
1995
82.1
60.1
65.8
65.9
61.9
1999
79.2
60.4
60.6
62.0
57.7
Prince Edward
County
Quinte West
Madoc
Belleville
Faraday
Herschel
Deseronto
Tyendinaga
65.0
64.0
63.0
62.3
61.3
60.4
56.3
49.8
48.4
60.7
64.0
56.6
68.8
61.0
61.3
60.5
45.2
47.0
55.2
61.4
51.6
53.8
56.4
56.3
54.4
51.7
48.2
Stirling-Rawdon Marmora & Lake
9
Voter Participation
Once again, statistics help us to identify and monitor trends.
In the1990 Provincial Election, 39.9 % of the popular vote was secured by the NDP candidate. His win, over the
Progressive Conservative candidate was marginal.
1990
Electoral District
HastingsPeterborough
Valid Ballots Cast
11,283
10,387
4,285
1,199
1,128
* Member of the Previous Legislature
% of Vote
39.89
Political Party
NDP
Candidate
Elmer Buchanan
36.73
15.15
4.24
3.99
PC
Liberal
FCP
COR
Jim Pollock*
Mike Beeston
Anthony Kuttschrutter
Ronald Gerow
In 1995, the numbers reveal something completely different. In 1995, the Progressive Conservative candidate
secured a full 54.17% of the popular vote.
1995
Electoral District
HastingsPeterborough
Valid Ballots Cast
16,187
8,328
4,056
1,002
308
% of Vote
54.17
Political Party
PC
Candidate
Harry Danford
27.87
13.57
3.35
1.03
NDP
Liberal
FCP
NLP
Elmer Buchanan*
Barb Jinkerson
John Westen
David Hetherington
10
Voter Participation
In 1999, however, with changes to the riding in effect, the electors changed its choice of party yet again.
1999
Electoral District
Hastings-FrontenacLennox & Addington
Valid Ballots Cast
20,395
% of Vote
46.74
Political Party
Liberal
Candidate
Leona Dombrowsky
42.52
6.89
1.32
1.20
0.88
0.46
PC
NDP
GP
FCP
NLP
IND
Harry Danford*
Allan McPhail
Cathy Vakil
John-Henry Westen
Peter Leggat
Karl Walker
Valid Ballots Cast
9,204
% of Vote
33.17
Political Party
NDP
Candidate
Paul Johnson
8,299
8,188
2,061
29.90
29.50
7.43
PC
Liberal
COR
Don Bonter
Keith MacDonald*
Kenn Hineman
18,553
3,008
576
524
382
200
In Prince Edward, the trend is closely mirrored.
1990
Electoral District
Prince EdwardLennox-South
Hastings
In Prince Edward, although the figures are similar to that in Hastings – Peterborough, the second place candidate
was a member of the Liberal party, not New Democratic Party as had occurred in Hastings – Peterborough.
11
Voter Participation
1995
Electoral District
Prince EdwardLennox-South
Hastings
Valid Ballots Cast
14,144
7,798
5,996
571
1999
Electoral District
Prince EdwardHastings
Valid Ballots Cast
17,987
17,931
2,877
441
203
188
133
111
% of Vote
49.61
Political Party
PC
Candidate
Gary Fox
27.35
21.03
2.01
Liberal
NDP
COR
Robert Gentile
Paul Johnson*
Kenn Hineman
% of Vote
45.11
Political Party
Liberal
Candidate
Ernie Parsons
44.97
7.22
1.11
0.51
0.47
0.33
0.28
PC
NDP
GP
COR
IND
IND
NLP
Gary Fox*
Bev Campbell
Shawn Talbot
Marie Hineman
Kevin Rivers
Truman Tuck
Sylvie Poirier
Northumberland figures reveal something different. Where the other two communities in the region selected NDP
candidates in the 1990 election, in Northumberland, there was a tighter battle between the Liberal and Progressive
Conservative candidates. The NDP candidate trailed the leader by more than 2,000 votes. Northumberland went
Liberal in 1990.
1990
Electoral District
Northumberland
Valid Ballots Cast
11,984
10,890
9,581
1,677
1,213
395
% of Vote
33.53
30.47
26.81
4.69
3.39
1.11
Political Party
Liberal
PC
NDP
COR
FCP
LTN
12
Candidate
Joan Fawcett*
Angus Read
Judi Armstrong
Doug Young
Steve Prust
John Meiboom
Voter Participation
Similar to the other two ridings, Northumberland went Conservative in the 1995 election, this time with a clear
majority.
1995
Electoral District
Northumberland
Valid Ballots Cast
19,359
13,233
4,539
% of Vote
52.14
35.64
12.22
Political Party
PC
Liberal
NDP
Candidate
Doug Galt
Joan Fawcett*
Murray Weppler
Unlike the other two ridings, Northumberland did not choose Liberal in 1999, instead returning a Progressive
Conservative candidate (and incumbent) to the Legislature. 1999 was the first year the former City of Trenton and
Murray Township voted with a riding to the west.
1999
Electoral District
Northumberland
Valid Ballots Cast
20,535
19,632
2,820
1,194
370
99
% of Vote
45.99
43.97
6.32
2.67
0.83
0.22
Political Party
PC
Liberal
NDP
GP
FCP
NLP
Candidate
Doug Galt*
Carolyn Campbell
Murray Weppler
Tom Lawson
Jim Psihogios
Pascale Levert
Similar to Northumberland, Quinte elected a Liberal member to represent the riding in the 1990 Provincial Election.
1990
Electoral District
Quinte
Valid Ballots Cast
11,114
7,010
5,825
3,411
2,331
% of Vote
37.43
23.61
19.62
11.49
7.85
Political Party
Liberal
NDP
PC
COR
FCP
13
Candidate
Hugh O'Neil*
Greg Meehan
Doug Rollins
Stu Meeks
Dave Switzer
Voter Participation
1995
Electoral District
Quinte
Valid Ballots Cast
13,961
11,826
3,743
% of Vote
47.28
40.05
12.68
Political Party
PC
Liberal
NDP
Candidate
Doug Rollins
George Zegouras
Barb Dolan
In 1999 the race to the finish was between the Liberal candidate and the Progressive Conservative candidate. After
a series of legal confrontations and accusations within the media, the Liberal candidate was declared a winner by 56
votes over his nearest rival.
1999
Electoral District
Prince EdwardHastings
Valid Ballots Cast
17,987
17,931
2,877
441
203
188
133
111
% of Vote
45.11
Political Party
Liberal
Candidate
Ernie Parsons
44.97
7.22
1.11
0.51
0.47
0.33
0.28
PC
NDP
GP
COR
IND
IND
NLP
Gary Fox*
Bev Campbell
Shawn Talbot
Marie Hineman
Kevin Rivers
Truman Tuck
Sylvie Poirier
While this information does indeed demonstrate that the region is politically varied in its leanings, it also
demonstrates that the region does not always follow the trends of the Province as a whole.
Electoral District
Hastings – Peterborough
Prince Edward
Northumberland
Quinte
1990
NDP
NDP
Lib
Lib
Party in Power
NDP
NDP
NDP
NDP
1995
PC
PC
PC
PC
14
Party in Power
PC
PC
PC
PC
1999
Lib
Lib
PC
Lib
Party in Power
PC
PC
PC
PC
Voter Participation
Voter Participation in Federal Elections:
Not surprisingly, lower voter participation rates are also echoed in the federal election process. The riding of
Hastings – Frontenac – Lennox/Addington, has closely paralleled Ontario voter participation rates as has
Northumberland. Only in Prince Edward – Hastings has voter participation been consistently lower than its regional
counterpart. Members of the Liberal Party have held all riding seats on the federal stage since 1988. Once again,
the trend reveals that voter participation rates are higher in federal elections than in municipal elections.
PERCENTAGE OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS WHO VOTED
IN THE LAST FOUR FEDERAL ELECTIONS 1988, 1993, 1997, & 2000
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1988
1993
1997
2000
ONTARIO
74.6%
67.7%
65.6%
58.0%
HASTINGS-FRONTENACLENNOX & ADDINGTON
73.8%
67.7%
67.8%
61.3%
70.0%
64.8%
63.6%
56.3%
NORTHUMBERLAND
73.3%
68.7%
65.1%
59.8%
15
Voter Participation
Once again, a clearer picture is gained by examining participation rates at the community level. Unlike municipal and
provincial elections, however, voter participation rates in the Village of Bancroft are among the highest and lowest of
all communities studied. In 1988, the Village of Bancroft had a voter participation rate of 82.0%. By 2000,
however, just 48.1% of all eligible voters participated in the federal election process…giving Bancroft the
distinction of having seen the greatest change of all communities studied in all elections over the last decade. Only
Herschel at 36.9% and Tyendinaga at 40.6% had lower participation rates in 2000.
Comparison of Federal Election Voter Turnout 1988-2000
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Bancroft
Marmora & Lake
Madoc
Municipality of
Tweed
Stirling-Rawdon
Prince Edward
County
Herschel
Quinte West
Carlow
Tyendinaga
Limerick
Deseronto
Belleville
Faraday
1988
82.0
79.1
78.1
76.1
74.0
71.3
69.1
68.0
64.4
64.4
63.6
62.7
62.2
60.5
1993
78.8
62.0
73.6
69.0
62.3
67.3
64.9
63.3
64.6
53.6
58.6
58.3
63.0
60.5
1997
58.8
64.2
74.7
65.1
74.0
66.9
61.9
60.7
70.3
50.2
70.6
63.0
63.0
63.2
2000
48.1
51.3
69.5
53.0
67.3
60.4
36.9
53.1
58.9
40.6
53.9
63.9
53.0
52.9
16
1
Emergency & Protective Services:
Policing:
There are three O.P.P. detachments providing police services for Hastings County and one O.P.P. detachment
providing police services for Prince Edward County. For Hastings and Prince Edward the O.P.P. detachments are:
!
!
!
!
Bancroft O.P.P. (providing service for Bancroft, and the townships of Faraday, Dungannon, Bangor, Wicklow
and McClure, Limerick, Mayo, Carlow, Wollaston, Cashel, Herschel, and Monteagle)
Centre Hastings O.P.P. (providing service for the villages of Madoc, Marmora, Tweed, Deloro, and the townships
of Madoc, Marmora, Hungerford, Tudor, Huntingdon, Elzevir and Grimsthorpe,)
Napanee O.P.P. (providing service for Tyendinaga Township and the County of Lennox & Addington)
Prince Edward County O.P.P. (providing service for all of Prince Edward County)
In addition to the O.P.P. detachments in Hastings County there are 5 Municipal Police Services and the Security and
Military Police Squadron at 8 Wing CFB Trenton. The 5 Municipal Police Services are:
!
!
!
!
!
Tyendinaga Police Services (providing service for Tyendinaga First Nations)
Belleville Police Service (providing service for the City of Belleville and the former Township of Thurlow)
Quinte West Police (providing service for Trenton, the village of Frankford, and the former townships of Murray
and Sidney)
Township of Stirling-Rawdon Police Service (providing service for the village of Stirling and the township of
Rawdon)
Deseronto Police Service (providing service for the town of Deseronto)
2
The following map pinpoints the location of all of the Policing Services and O.P.P. detachments in the two counties:
3
Area Coverage and Staffing Statistics:
Hastings County covers a total land area of 6,179 square kilometers while Prince Edward County covers a total land
area of 1,048 square kilometers. The following table provides statistics for the areas and population covered, by
each police unit and the number of personnel for all detachments:
Detachment
Population
Area Covered
(Square Kilometers)
Centre Hastings O.P.P.
17,000
2,469
Bancroft O.P.P.
13,500
2,600
O.P.P.
25,851
1,048
42,800 (Lennox &
Addington 39,000 +
Tyendinaga Township
3,800)
3,155 (Lennox &
Addington 2,841 +
Tyendinaga Township
314)
Tyendinaga Police
Services
2,500
98
Belleville Police Service
45,000
236
Napanee O.P.P.
8 Wing Security and
Military Police Squadron
Quinte West Police
Township of StirlingRawdon Police Service
Deseronto Police
Service
Personnel
31 Uniform Officers and
5 Civilians
4 Civilians
6 Civilians
7 Civilians
6 Uniform Officers and 2
Civilians
17 Civilians
26,000
44,000
506
5,050
283
1,800
3
4
12 Civilians
Civilians
Civilian
8 Wing Security and Military Police Squadron:
The 8 Wing Security and Military Police Squadron (SAMP) is responsible for providing security and military police
support services to 8 Wing/CFB Trenton, Canadian Forces Detachment (CFD) Mountainview and all other CF Reserve
and Cadet units in their geographical area of responsibility. “This area is approximately 26,000 square kilometers
and includes the counties of Hastings, Northumberland, Prince Edward, Victoria, and Peterborough. The 8 Wing
SAMP Squadron is further responsible to provide such necessary security and military police support to other
departmental tasks (such as the Absentee Apprehension Program and VIP Code One Aircraft Security Program). 8
Wing also provides first line security and military police support to Canadian Forces Station Alert in the Northwest
Territories.”36
36
Source: The 8 Wing, Canadian Forces Trenton website: http://www.8wing.trenton.dnd.ca/.
5
Police Resources: Belleville vs. Quinte West
The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics publishes annual “Police Resources in Canada” reports, with 1999 being
the most recent publication. The following tables compare Belleville Police Services to the Quinte West Police
Services:
1998 Police Resources & Population
Police Force
Population
Belleville
Quinte West
46,500
44,100
Police Officers
Male
64
46
Female
13
7
Total
77
53
Population
Per Police
Officer
604
832
Other
Personnel
20
12
Operating
Per
Expenditures Capita
Costs
$7,177,000 $154
$5,174,000 $117
1998 Crime Statistics
Police Force
Belleville
Quinte
West37
Violent Crime
Property Crime
Total Criminal Code (C.C.)
1999
Police
Officers
76
54
% Change
in C.C. Rate
19971998
C.C. Incidents
Per Officer for
1998
Total
Rate
Per
1,000
Clear.
Rate
%
Total
Rate
Per
1,000
Clear.
Rate
%
Total
Rate
Per
1,000
Clear.
Rate
%
821
17.66
81%
3,027
65.1
26%
6,254
134.5
44%
-10
81
339
7.69
84%
1,541
34.9
24%
3,050
69.16
39%
N/A
58
The per capita costs for Quinte West were lower in 1998 at $117 to provide policing services for every one person.
The costs in Belleville were slightly higher at $154 per person. The clearance rate was higher in Belleville for
Property Crimes and Criminal Code violations but the clearance for violent crimes was actually lower than the rate for
Quinte West.
37
Police force enlarged its jurisdiction in 1998, therefore comparisons with 1997 crime data are not presented
6
Criminal Justice Statistics:
All policing services must complete Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) detailing criminal activities, adults charged, and
youths charged. These UCRs are sent to and compiled into annual statistics by the Canadian Centre for Justice
Statistics. “UCR survey data reflect reported crime that has been substantiated through police investigation.”38 The
Community Development Council of Quinte reviewed all of the statistics for each of the police service divisions in
Hastings & Prince Edward counties for the years 1995-1999. The charts that follow are some of the highlights of
our review.
38
“Crime Statistics in Canada, 1999”, by Sylvain Tremblay, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, page 8.
7
Total Incident Rate:
The following chart illustrates the total number of criminal incidents for each police service area based on a rate per
1,000 population.
Total Incidents Rate Per 1,000 Population
1995-1999
250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
Bancroft
Stirling-Rawdon
Prince Edward
County
Deseronto
Belleville
Quinte West
Centre Hastings
1995
155.0
134.5
147.7
122.3
79.1
26.3
95.0
1996
153.3
162.2
139.8
157.5
100.2
30.3
98.7
1997
205.5
125.2
128.2
194.7
112.9
17.3
75.7
1998
184.7
137.2
70.7
116.3
96.9
20.3
72.9
1999
196.6
124.1
66.5
114.7
85.9
42.1
0.0
Source: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
The Deseronto Police Service39 experienced the highest annual total incident rate while the Township of StirlingRawdon Police Service reported the lowest annual rate. Generally annual rates were on the decline with exception of
Deseronto and Stirling where rates in 1999 rose over those in 1998. Rates for Prince Edward County for 1999
were not available due to amalgamation.
39
The Deseronto Police Service has just recently announced (March 2001) its intent to disband police services in the region.
8
Types of Crimes:
The charts on the next two pages represent the majority of the criminal activities by region and by type of crime.
Centre Hastings Criminal Activities by Type 19951999
Prince Edward County Criminal Activities by Type
1995-1998
1750
2250
1500
2000
1250
1000
1750
1500
750
1250
500
1000
750
250
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
31
71
71
44
Drug Related
Offences
500
250
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
16
59
196
82
1999
87
Crimes of Violence
Total
331
307
223
203
Drug Related Offences
Crimes of Violence Total
210
323
465
257
242
Property Crimes
1115
1296
866
795
Property Crimes
1026
1285
1430
878
789
Deseronto Criminal Activities by Type
1995-1999
Bancroft Criminal Activities by Type
1995-1999
250
1250
200
1000
150
750
100
500
50
250
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
0
1999
1995
1996
1997
1998
24
27
70
1999
55
2
2
4
6
5
7
Crimes of Violence
36
44
46
49
59
143
165
168
135
118
Property Crimes
115
120
153
138
116
Property Crimes Total
542
710
815
669
580
9
Property Crimes include:
Crimes of Violence Include:
! Breaking and Entering
! Homicide, Murder, Manslaughter, Infanticide
! Theft of Motor Vehicles
! Assault, Indecent Assault, Sexual Assault, Rape,
! Theft Over $5,000, Theft Under $5,000
! Abduction, Robbery
! Possession of Stolen Goods
! Credit Card, Cheque, and Other Frauds
Drug Related Offenses Include:
! Possession, Trafficking, Importation, Cultivation of: Heroin, Cocaine, Cannabis,
! Controlled Drugs, or Restricted Drugs
Stirling Criminal Activities by Type
1995-1999
Quinte West Criminal Activities by Type 1995-1999
2000
150
1750
1500
125
1250
100
1000
75
750
50
500
25
250
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
48
45
28
57
61
356
298
255
339
359
Property Crimes
1307
1347
1263
1541
1420
0
10
1995
1996
1997
1998
2
3
6
0
1999
4
12
10
10
13
22
Property Crimes
70
92
34
62
107
Most Police Services regions experienced an overall
decline in these types of criminal activities with the
exception of Stirling where the total annual incidents
increased from 1997-1999. Quinte West also experienced
an increase in Drug Related Offenses and Crimes of
Violence for this same time period.
Belleville Criminal Activities by Type
1995-1999
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
78
97
96
123
1999
100
Crimes of Violence
647
816
792
821
719
Property Crimes
2704
2948
2457
3027
2714
11
Adults Charged:
The number of adults charged in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties annually is on the decline. In Hastings
County the annual number fell from 2,111 in 1997 to 1,953 in 1999. The number of females charged increased
marginally in Hastings County for that same period.
Adults Charged in Hastings County 1995-1999
2,500
2,000
1,500
236
1,000
367
362
1,744
1,673
1,584
1997
1998
1999
369
285
1,313
1,443
1995
1996
500
0
Males
Females
12
In Prince Edward County the number of individuals charged decreased for both sexes from 1996 to 1998.
Adults Charged in Prince Edward County 1995-1999
400
350
300
53
51
41
33
250
200
150
343
291
254
222
1997
1998
100
50
0
1995
1996
Males
Females
13
The Adults Charged rates per 1,000 for each of the Police Service cachement areas highlights the regions within the
two counties where the numbers are improving or declining.
Adults Charged 1995-1999
Rate per 1,000
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Deser onto
Centr e
Hastings
Quinte West
Belleville
PEC
1995
15.0
12.3
27.2
18.9
13.8
9.9
2.4
1996
21.6
18.8
21.3
22.5
15.6
12.3
2.2
1997
25.0
32.3
22.9
20.4
11.5
12.4
3.0
1998
27.4
23.3
10.0
21.0
9.9
13.4
0.6
1999
51.4
23.2
9.7
18.4
0.0
12.5
3.2
14
Bancr oft
Stirli ng
The rates in Deseronto have dramatically risen since 1995 from 15 adults per 1,000 being charged annually to
more than 51 per 1,000 in 1999. In all other areas the numbers declined with the exception of Stirling where the
rate increased from 0.6 in 1998 to 3.2 in 1999. When we review the types of crimes committed by adults we find
that the percentage of those charged with Property Crimes is declining in both counties but the percentage of those
charged with Drug Related Offenses and Crimes of Violence is on the increase in Hastings County.
Percentage of Crimes Committed by Adults in
Hastings County 1995-1999
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Property Crimes
38.7%
31.1%
32.6%
31.6%
28.3%
6.0%
6.1%
7.4%
7.5%
8.2%
Crimes of Violence
29.2%
26.6%
25.6%
25.9%
27.0%
Percentage of Crimes Committed by Adults in
Prince Edward County 1995-1998
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1995
1996
1997
1998
Property Crimes
30.4%
33.3%
31.5%
28.2%
3.8%
9.8%
11.9%
7.1%
Crimes of Violence
34.5%
27.3%
28.1%
22.7%
15
Youth Crime:
“An analysis of age-specific crime rates indicates that 14 to 19 year-olds are the highest risk group for committing
both property and violent offenses…The rate of youths aged 12 to 17 charged with criminal offenses has been
declining since 1992, including a 7% drop in 1999.”40 This statement summarizes the state of youth crime across
Canada. Despite growing concern that youth crime is on the rise, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics actually
saw the trend as declining across the country. When we reviewed the statistics regarding youths charged in this
region we discovered that the total number of youths charged did decline in Hastings from 1996 to 1998 but was
on the rise again in 1999.
Total Youths Charged in Hastings County 1995-1999
1,200
1,000
800
197
270
241
150
190
600
400
684
693
599
661
509
200
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
Males
40
1999
Females
“Crime Statistics in Canada, 1999”, by Sylvain Tremblay, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, page 12.
16
In Prince Edward County the total number of youths charged fell from 1996 to 1997 but rose in 1998.
Total Youths Charged in Prince Edward County 1995-1998
200
180
160
35
140
120
16
100
15
17
80
143
60
101
98
91
40
20
0
1995
1996
1997
Males
1998
Females
17
The total number of youths charged each year is not an accurate portrayal of youth crime in any given region. “It is
clear that the youths charged rate is not a perfect indicator of youth crime, particularly with respect to measuring
relatively minor offenses committed by first time offenders…It is important to look at youth involvement in crime,
other than simply those charged by police. It is possible that the decline in the number of youths charged over the
past few years could be explained by a corresponding increase in the number of youth dealt with by other means
such as alternative measures or warning.”41 The other point to consider is when a criminal activity is unsolved the
offender could be a youth and statistics could be higher than represented. We were unable to obtain data relating
to youths not charged or dealt with by other means or warnings.
The following charts represent the annual rates per 1,000 of youths charged in each of the police service
cachement areas.
Total Youths Charged in Centre Hastings
Rate per 1,000
1995-1999
The youth charged rate in Centre Hastings has
remained constant since 1996.
10
8
6
4
2
0
Centre Hastings
41
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
6
8
8
8
8
Ibid, pages 12-13.
18
Total Youths Charged in Bancroft
Rate per 1,000
1995-1999
Rates in Prince Edward County, Bancroft, and
Stirling have fallen since 1998 whereas rates in
Centre Hastings have remained the same since
1996.
8
6
4
2
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
4
7
7
5
4
Bancroft
Total Youths Charged in Stirling
Rate per 1,000
1995-1999
8
6
4
2
0
Stirling
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2
2
1
2
1
To tal Yo uths Char g ed in Pr inc e Ed war d Co unty
Rate p er 1,000
1995- 1998
8
6
4
2
0
PE C
1995
1996
1997
1998
5
7
4
4
19
T otal Youths Charged in Deseronto
Rate per 1,000
1995-1999
The total youths charged rate per 1,000 fell in
Quinte West in 1998 and stayed the same in
1999 while rates in Deseronto and Belleville
rose in 1999 after having fallen in 1998.
25
20
15
10
5
0
Deseronto
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
7
10
22
10
16
T otal Youths Charged in Belleville
Rate per 1,000
1995-1999
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Belleville
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
13
14
10
7
8
Total Youths Charged in Quinte West
Rate per 1,000
1995-1999
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Quinte West
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
12
12
10
4
4
20
According to the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, in Canada, Property Crimes accounted for half of youth crime
in 1999 compared to only 35% of all adults charged. “A further 21% of youths were charged with violent crime,
compared to 30% of adults.”42
In this region, the percentage of young offenders charged with property crimes fell annually in Hastings County:
50.7% (95), 50.5% (96), 48.2% (97), 47.5% (98), and 38.7% (99). In Prince Edward County the percentage
rose from 1995 to 1997 but fell in 1998:
36.8% (95), 58.4% (96), 68.5% (97), and
Pe rcentage of Crim es Com m itted by Y oung Offende rs
58.4% (98). Rates for Violent Crimes
in PEC 1995-1998
increased in Hastings County from 1997 to
75.0%
1999: 15.1% (97), 19.6% (98), and
60.0%
22.6% (99). In Prince Edward, the rates
45.0%
declined annually from 1995 (37.6%) to
30.0%
1998 (12.4%).
15.0%
0.0%
1995
1996
1997
1998
Pr o p er ty Crimes
36. 8%
58. 4%
68. 5%
58. 4%
Dr ug Related
O f fenc es
2. 6%
5. 1%
3. 7%
13. 3%
Cr imes o f Vio lenc e
37. 6%
21. 3%
14. 8%
12. 4%
Percentage of Crimes Committed by Young Offenders
in Hastings County 1995-1999
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
42
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Property Crimes
50.7%
50.5%
48.2%
47.5%
38.7%
2.5%
2.8%
4.3%
2.9%
3.9%
Crimes of Violence
17.8%
19.0%
15.1%
19.6%
22.6%
Ibid., page 13.
21
Perceptions of Youth Crime:
A recent report from Quinte Destinations for Youth highlights some interesting perceptions young people have
regarding Youth Crime. In a survey of 74 young people from an age group of 12 to 21 years, questions were asked
regarding youth crime and how each individual perceived or was affected by it. “Forty-six per cent (46%) stated
that youth crime (primarily substance abuse and violence) affects them or their friends the most. It causes youth to
experience peer pressure, fear or to feel threatened. The respondents believed that peer pressure, boredom and
lack of activities are the key factors for youth becoming involved in crime. Forty-four per cent (44%) felt that the
community should provide activities, facilities and youth groups in attempts at prevention.”43
43
Needs Assessment, Report on Findings, Quinte Destinations for Youth, page 21, September, 2000.
22
Quinte Crime Stoppers:
Quinte Crime Stoppers provided the following information for the years 1997-1999. Clearly, this program continues
to be successful as the value of recovered property outweighs the value of authorized rewards.
1997
Calls Received
Number of
Arrests
Number of
Charges
Cases Solved
Property
Recovered $
Narcotics
Recovered $
Rewards
Authorized $
1998
1999
1,514
42
1,802
73
1,395
90
111
185
201
100
$141,960
127
$432,815
63
$206,050
$1,284,465
$1,809,988
$1,802,000
9,400
$11,040
$9,225
23
Fire Services
Fire and emergency services are areas of municipal responsibility.
In Hastings and Prince Edward Counties, incidents of Fires are on the decline. From 1995 to 1999 the fire rate
declined steadily in both Hastings and Prince Edward Counties. The exception to the decline occurred in 1998 in
Prince Edward when the rate per 10,000 rose over 1997.
Fires in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties
Rates per 10,000
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Hastings County
24.9
20.5
17.4
16.0
16.0
7.3
4.0
2.4
5.5
1.9
Source: Office of the Fire Marshall, Statistics Department
24
The following chart highlights the types of fires, injuries and fatalities, and annual estimated dollar loss due to fires in
the two Counties:
HASTINGS
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Total Fires Non Residential
312
60
259
56
220
41
203
39
204
30
Residential Vehicle Fires Injuries
143
109
15
107
96
14
99
80
18
94
70
22
82
92
5
Fatalities
3
5
2
1
5
Est. $ Loss
$6,842,942
$8,428,328
$5,662,550
$4,474,585
$4,083,160
18
5
10
2
6
3
14
5
5
1
12
1
0
6
2
0
2
1
0
9
0
0
4
0
0
Fatalities
1
0
1
1
1
Est. $ Loss
$1,763,100
$463,500
$290,000
$925,500
$330,000
PEC
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
The next chart includes statistics for select municipalities within Hastings County:
Belleville
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
102
17
81
22
89
16
88
17
90
10
44
41
4
30
29
5
35
38
14
36
35
16
38
42
3
Fatalities
0
0
2
0
3
Est. $ Loss
$1,216,708
$1,093,201
$1,704,400
$1,552,150
$1,477,630
21
4
13
4
1
0
1
0
9
3
14
3
3
6
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
Fatalities
0
0
0
0
0
Est. $ Loss
$917,301
$105,500
$6,000
$500
$38,700
Bancroft
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
25
Quinte West
Year
Total Fires
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
118
94
79
59
61
Non
Residential
28
18
15
9
12
Residential Vehicle Fires
50
36
35
32
26
40
40
29
18
23
Injuries
Fatalities
4
9
4
5
2
3
1
0
0
1
Injuries
Fatalities
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Injuries
Fatalities
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
Est. $ Loss
$1,962,480
$1,578,627
$2,081,800
$773,160
$1,077,530
Centre Hastings
Year
Total Fires
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
7
10
14
9
12
Non
Residential
2
0
3
2
1
3
9
9
6
7
2
1
2
1
4
Est. $ Loss
$931,500
$401,550
$385,500
$492,050
$333,000
Tweed
Year
Total Fires
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
10
14
5
8
3
Non
Residential
1
1
1
2
0
4
5
2
6
3
5
8
2
0
0
26
Est. $ Loss
$360,000
$3,093,300
$270,800
$677,100
$260,000
An analysis of per capita dollar loss due to fires in the smaller municipalities is difficult without skewing the result
since the devastation in dollar value is not proportionate to the smaller population base. For example, in 1996 the
per capita dollar loss for the Municipality of Tweed was $1,967.75 but only $173.48 in 1997.
Estimated Per Capita $ Loss Due to Fire
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties1995-1999
$80.00
$70.00
$60.00
$50.00
$40.00
$30.00
$20.00
$10.00
$0.00
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Hastings County
$54.51
$66.84
$44.71
$35.17
$31.96
$71.15
$18.51
$11.46
$36.18
$12.77
27
The per capita dollar loss for the City of Belleville compared to the City of Quinte West are represented in the
following charts:
Estimated Per Capita $ Loss Due to Fire
Belleville & Quinte West 1995-1999
$50.00
$45.00
$40.00
$35.00
$30.00
$25.00
$20.00
$15.00
$10.00
$5.00
$0.00
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Belleville
$26.72
$24.54
$37.78
$34.38
$32.70
Quinte West
$45.89
$36.88
$48.60
$18.04
$25.12
28
Arson Rate
The following table illustrates the trends relating to the percentage of all fires that have been determined to be as a
result of arson:
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Hastings County
4.5%
5.0%
6.4%
9.9%
5.9%
Prince Edward
11.1%
10.0%
0%
0%
0%
Belleville
3.9%
6.2%
7.9%
12.5%
7.8%
Quinte West
5.9%
6.4%
5.1%
6.8%
4.9%
Hastings County saw a general incline each year from 1995 to 1998 but a decline in 1999. The trend in Prince
Edward County is reversed.
Both Belleville and Quinte West experienced general increases in the arson percentage rate although Quinte West
saw a dip in 1997. Arson rates in 1998 in both communities reached the highest of the five years studied. Likewise,
both communities saw a decline in arson rates in the year 1999. Based upon this five-year analysis, it appears as
though the City of Belleville has an average annual arson percentage rate of roughly 8%. The average annual arson
percentage rate in Quinte West is considerably lower at roughly 6%.
Arson rates for other municipalities were:
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Bancroft
9.5%
15.4%
0%
0%
0%
Centre Hastings
0%
0%
7.1%
11.1%
8.3%
Tyendinaga
0%
0%
18.2%
15.8%
7.7%
The annual arson rate in Tyendinaga is the highest of all communities studied.
29
The following tables highlight the Estimated $ loss to Arson fires:
Year
Hastings County
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
$925,539
$398,200
$834,600
$644,975
$148,150
Prince Edward
County
$302,000
$1,000
$0
$0
$0
Belleville
Quinte West
$641,200
$330,000
$753,050
$152,950
$69,650
$34,338
$23,200
$6,550
$6,000
$8,500
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Bancroft
$200,001
$45,000
$0
$0
$0
Centre Hastings
$0
$0
$50,000
$240,000
$20,000
Tyendinaga
$0
$0
$25,000
$245,025
$50,000
In the city of Belleville, the estimated dollar value loss to arson increased in 2000.
“After two years of relatively few arson cases in the city, 2000 witnessed a significant jump in arson losses”, says
senior fire prevention officer Dave McMullen. “Last year, as much as $462,550 in arson-related fires were tallied by
the city fire department…There were also 15 vehicle fires in the city with total estimated damage pegged at
$85,200 in total.”44
No other data is available at this time regarding arson in other areas of the two counties.
“Arson losses climbed in 2000”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, March 8th, 2001,
page 2.
44
30
Fire Prevention:
Several Fire Prevention strategies have proven successful in this region in the past few years and may ultimately
have contributed to the decline of the total number of fires in the two counties from 1995-1999. In 1998 the
Belleville Fire Department acquired and implemented the “Fire Safety House”. This trailer style house has been
showcased at area schools, the Quinte Exhibition and at other venues throughout the region. “By touring the (Fire
Safety) House, the public could experience first hand the reality of smoke (very low toxicity) & what to do in the
event of a house fire. 9-1-1 education is also highlighted, fire safety tips in the kitchen are covered, the dangers of
playing with matches and lighters is covered and testing & having ‘working’ smoke alarms in your home are
stressed.”45
For several years the T.A.P.P. –C. (The Arson Prevention Program for Children) has become a recognized mainstay
in the Belleville & Quinte area. This program, aimed at educating children of the dangers associated with fire has
proven to be successful. “Success came in the form of very reduced fires associated with fire involvement by
children (children playing with matches, lighters and candles).”46
The following table highlights some of the statistics related to fire prevention and education from 1995-1999:
Year
Group
Tours/Visits
Number of
Visitors
Fire Safety
House Visitors
Educational
Presentations
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
N/a
54
27
25
32
N/a
1000
750
535
763
N/a
N/a
N/a
5940
3828
50
44
83
127
61
Source: Fire Prevention & Public Fire Safety Education 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, & 1999 Year End Reports
45
46
Fire Prevention & Public Fire Safety Education, 1998 Year End Report, Belleville Fire Department.
Fire Prevention & Public Fire Safety Education, 1997 Year End Report, Belleville Fire Department.
31
# of Persons
Educated
through
Presentations
1579
1044
3700
6294
1709
Anomalies:
Although Quinte West saw a larger loss due to fire in 1997 than other years, and a decrease in loss due to fire for
each year following, municipal expenditures for protection services increased in the years following 1997 figures.
Belleville, on the other hand saw a greater loss due to fire than Quinte West yet, municipal expenditures for
protection services in the City of Belleville remained fairly static.
32
9-1-1
In Hastings and Prince Edward Counties, the processing of 9-1-1 calls is handled through Seaway Communications.
The Community Development Council was unsuccessful in obtaining permission for the release of information
regarding the volume of 9-1-1 calls and type of service requested for Hastings County. We did however, receive
permission for the release of information as it pertains to Prince Edward County. The following table highlights the
total calls received and type of service requested from October 1999, when Seaway Communications took over the
handling of the Prince Edward 9-1-1 service, to the end of November 2000.
Police
Fire
Ambulance
Total Calls
1999
Oct Nov Dec
108 83
81
14
27
29
72
71
81
194 181 191
Jan
80
12
163
255
Feb
73
19
63
155
Mar
113
23
83
219
2000
May Jun
94 127
28
17
73
84
195 228
Apr
112
20
56
188
July
125
11
67
203
Aug
151
33
92
276
Oct
128
18
86
232
Nov
100
26
99
225
A graph of the information above indicates a trend that 911 requests were more often for policing services than
others. Ambulance requests were second highest.
Prince Edward County 9-1-1 Service Requests
October 1999 to November 2000
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Oct
Nov
55.7% 45.9% 42.4% 31.4% 47.1% 51.6% 59.6% 48.2% 55.7% 61.6% 54.7% 55.2% 44.4%
Police
Ambulance 37.1% 39.2% 42.4% 63.9% 40.6% 37.9% 29.8% 37.4% 36.8% 33.0% 33.3% 37.1% 44.0%
7.2% 14.9% 15.2% 4.7% 12.3% 10.5% 10.6% 14.4% 7.5% 5.4% 12.0% 7.8% 11.6%
Fire
Source:
Seaway Communications with permission for release from Gayle Frost, Commissioner
of Corporate Services, Prince Edward County.
33
Ambulance Service:
In 1997, the Ministry announced the downloading of responsibility for land ambulance services to municipalities. By
January, 2001, the full transition to municipalities was to have occurred. In 1999, the Municipal Cooperative of
Eastern Ontario serving an area encompassing the Counties of Frontenac, Hastings, Leeds & Grenville, Lennox &
Addington, Prince Edward, and Renfrew was formed for the purpose of managing the land ambulance transition
process. The following table is a summary of Existing Ambulance Service Data in Hastings & Prince Edward:
Summary of Exisiting Ambulance Services Data47
Municipality
Population
Number of
Stations
Number of
Ambulances
Number of
Staff
Area
Served
(km2)
Total Call
Volume
Call Volume
per Capita
Hastings
County
118,076
5
12
76
5,870
12,795
0.11
Prince
Edward
County
25,046
1
1
5
1,048
1,755
0.07
Total
143,122
6
13
81
6918
14550
0.10
Currently, five ambulance stations serve Hastings County with locations in Madoc, Bancroft, Trenton Ward of Quinte
West, and 2 stations in the City of Belleville. Prince Edward County is served by one ambulance station. In addition,
there are stations in Denbigh, Northbrook, and Napanee that may provide service in Hastings County.
47
Final Report For Land Ambulance Services, Transition Study, Municipal Cooperative of Eastern Ontario. March 2000.
34
Cost of Ambulance Services:
The delivery cost of ambulance services in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties, according to 1998 Ministry of
Health financial information, is broken down as follows:
Municipality
Hastings
County
Prince
Edward
County
Total
Total
Spending
Total km
Cost k/m
Total Call
Volume
Cost/Call
Population
Calls/Capita
Cost/Capita
$3,608,000
550,620
$6.55
12,795
$281.99
118,076
0.11
$30.56
$512,000
58,290
$8.78
1,755
$291.45
25,046
0.07
$20.42
$4,120,000
608,910
14,550
143,122
Source: Final Report For Land Ambulance Services, Transition Study, Municipal Cooperative of Eastern Ontario. March 2000.
35
The map on the right
pinpoints the 9 stations that
could respond to an
ambulance request in
Hastings & Prince Edward.
“When a request for an
ambulance is received, the
dispatcher uses a set of
protocols to establish the call
priority based on the
acuteness of the patient’s
condition. Code 4 calls are
generally used as the test of
the adequacy of ambulance
services’ ability to respond
“on time” to an emergency.
Codes 3, 2 and 1 represent a
decreasing scale in terms of
the urgency of a call. Code 8
calls refer to the temporary
36
relocation of an ambulance to a designated standby location to provide the best possible overall coverage to an
area by available ambulances. Section 42 of the Ambulance Act and Regulations requires an operator of an
ambulance service to meet the 90th percentile response time performance that occurred in 1996, for code 4
calls.”48
The following table illustrates a Percentile Response Time Analysis for ambulance services in the region:
1996
30:12
1997
28:28
1998
26:25
Code 4 90th Percentile
Response Time
MOH Standard Report Adjusted
for Primary Response Area
1996
1997
1998
29:29
28:07 26:41
16:00
17:18
16:46
16:00
16:26
16:10
0:10
15:00
16:50
14:36
15:00
16:00
13:33
-1:27
21:00
15:00
18:00
23:12
16:03
18:53
23:29
15:50
18:24
21:00
14:00
18:00
23:20
16:00
18:53
23:29
15:26
18:25
2:29
1:26
0:25
Denbigh
43:00
41:17
39:26
43:00
40:17
39:26
-3:34
Northbrook
Napanee
26:08
20:00
28:40
21:04
29:44
20:34
26:20
20:00
28:40
20:51
29:36
20:18
3:16
0:18
Ambulance
Service
Bancroft
Belleville
(City
Ambulance)
Belleville
(LaSalle
Ambulance)
Madoc
Trenton
Picton
Source:
48
Code 4 90th Percentile
Response Time
MOH Standard Report
90th Percentile
Response Time
Increase or decrease;
1996 to 1998 in minutes
and seconds.
-2:48
Final Report for Land Ambulance Services, Transition Study, Municipal Cooperative of Eastern Ontario. March 2000.
Ibid, March 2000.
37
Prince Edward County covers a land area of 1,048 square kilometres. Using MapPoint 2001 the CDC calculated ambulance response times
from Picton Ambulance to various locations in Prince Edward County. Driving times were calculated using traveling speeds up to 100
kilometers per hour on most roads and highways and up to 80 kilometers per hour on in town thoroughfares. The estimated driving times in
the next sections are also based on ideal road and weather conditions. Driving times would obviously vary with seasonal conditions, road
conditions, and other road traffic.
Destination
Milford
Point Petre
South Marysburgh
Long Point
Prinyer’s Cove
Salmon Point
Consecon
Depart Location
Picton
Picton
Picton
Picton
Picton
Picton
Trenton
Driving Distance (kilometers)
12.7
17.4
15.9
34.7
31.1
21.8
15.0
Picton to Prinyer’s Cove (most S.E. Point in PEC)
Picton to Long Point
Picton to Salmon Point
38
Driving Time (minutes/seconds)
14:00
19:00
17:00
35:00
30:00
18:00
15:00
Ameliasburg could easily be serviced by either Belleville, Trenton, or Picton. The following table and maps highlight
the best routes from those three locations to Ameliasburg. In this scenario, the best response time to Ameliasburg
would be from Belleville.
Destination
Depart Location
Ameliasburg
Ameliasburg
Ameliasburg
Picton
Belleville
Trenton
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
31.1
17.0
25.5
Trenton to Ameliasburg
Picton to Ameliasburg
Belleville to Ameliasburg
39
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
25:00
16:00
24:00
Weller’s Bay, one of the most westerly points in PEC, is best serviced from Trenton.
Destination
Depart Location
Weller’s Bay
Weller’s Bay
Picton
Trenton
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
42.2
20.1
Trenton to Weller’s Bay
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
32:00
17:00
Picton to Weller’s Bay
Wellington is more quickly accessed from the Picton Ambulance station.
Destination
Depart Location
Wellington
Wellington
Wellington
Picton
Trenton
Belleville
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
19.6
35.1
36.4
40
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
14:00
26:00
27:00
Hastings County covers a land area of 6,179 square kilometres. Eight ambulance stations, Belleville (2), Trenton,
Madoc, Bancroft, Northbrook, Napanee, and Denbigh could respond to calls depending upon the location. In the
northern and central portions of Hastings County calls would either be directed from Madoc or Bancroft. Using
MapPoint 2001 the CDC again calculated driving time to sample locations in Hastings County.
Destination
Depart Location
Marmora
Lake St. Peter
Gilmour
Gilmour
Madoc
Bancroft
Bancroft
Madoc
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
17.4
38.7
37.5
38.5
Bancroft to Gilmour
Madoc to Gilmour
Bancroft to Lake St. Peter
41
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
14:00
25:00
29:00
27:00
Gunter, a very remote location in North Hastings, would be accessed quickest from either Madoc or Northbrook but
the response time would be in excess of 45 minutes.
Destination
Depart Location
Gunter
Gunter
Gunter
Gunter
Bancroft
Northbrook
Madoc
Denbigh
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
58.6
49.5
60.5
69.2
Bancroft to Gunter:
Madoc to Gunter:
Denbigh to Gunter:
Northbrook to Gunter:
42
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
53:00
47:00
46:00
64:00
The quickest driving time to Stirling would be from Belleville.
Destination
Depart Location
Stirling
Stirling
Stirling
Trenton
Belleville
Madoc
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
26.3
22.6
27.8
Belleville to Stirling & Trenton to Stirling
Madoc to Stirling
43
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
21:00
17:00
24:00
The village of Tweed is best serviced from Madoc at 21 minutes driving time between the two locations.
Destination
Depart Location
Tweed
Tweed
Tweed
Belleville
Madoc
Northbrook
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
39.2
24.1
32.4
Northbrook to Tweed
Belleville to Tweed
Madoc to Tweed
44
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
29:00
20:00
26:00
Marlbank, in the central-eastern section of Hastings County requires a minimum driving time of 30 minutes to be
properly accessed.
Destination
Depart Location
Marlbank
Marlbank
Marlbank
Marlbank
Belleville
Madoc
Northbrook
Napanee
Driving Distance
(kilometers)
35.0
36.2
44.2
36.1
Belleville to Marlbank:
Madoc to Marlbank:
Northbrook to Marlbank:
Napanee to Marlbank:
45
Driving Time
(minutes/seconds)
30:00
35:00
40:00
34:00
Personal Safety
Although statistics indicate that violent crime is on the increase in Stirling, Quinte West, and Deseronto, in Centre
Hastings, Belleville, Prince Edward County and Bancroft, violent crime has declined. Yet, as the chart below
indicates, personal safety and security continues to affect thousands of area residents each year.
1999
Sexual Assault
Centre
Three Oaks
Foundation
Alternatives
For Women
Maggie’s
Resource
Centre
Red Cedars
1322
Sexual
Assault
Response
Project
875
Telephone & Crisis
Support
Shelter &
Residency
Client Services
1301
1069
3966
unknown
~
273
~
~
30
70
251
211
16
130
151
~
Source: Communications with L. Albertson on behalf of the Community Development Council of Quinte.
The chart at left clearly indicates that the number
children admitted to care of Children’s Protective
Services in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties
continues to climb.
Admissions to CAS Care
Rate per 1000 Children
10.0
7.4
8.0
6.0
5.3
8.0
Combined, these two charts indicate that the
numbers of families under stress is on the increase
in the region.
6.2
4.4
4.0
2.0
0.0
1990
1997
1998
1999
2000
46
Health
1
Health
Health
“The current physician shortage crisis facing Ontario has reached such critical proportions that it could
lead to a virtual breakdown of the health-care system by 2020, if immediate action is not taken”
- Dr. Albert Schumacher, President of the Ontario Medical Association, March 19, 2001
Physician Services: Are We An Underserviced Area?
Media stories in the past year have reported on the number of available Family Physicians in this area
and the fact that many people are still without a family doctor. In a 2000 report, the Southeastern
Ontario District Health Council looked at the situation regarding primary care physicians in Southeastern
Ontario. Primarily the report sought to determine if this region is an underserviced area. “The
benchmark used to determine “under” serviced designation is 1136 residents per 1 fulltime general
practitioner/non- specialist physician. This benchmark was adopted from a recommendation of the
Total Available Physicians vs. Total Physicians Required
Hastings County 1995-1999
115
112.0
111.0
110
112.5
111.5
110.5
105
100
96
96
94
95
96
94
90
85
80
1995
1996
Total Available Family Physicians
1997
1998
1999
Total Family Physicians Needed
Source: Ontario Physicians Human Resources Data Centre: http://ophrdc.mcmaster.ca
2
Health
Canadian College of Physicians and Surgeons based on the average at the time.”49 Using this benchmark, and data
provided through the website for the Ontario Physicians Human Resources Data Centre (OPHRDC)
http://ophrdc.mcmaster.ca, it appears that Hastings County is an underserviced area for primary care physicians.
The current ratio since 1995 has been more than 1300 residents per 1 full-time primary care physician in Hastings
County. The data determining primary care physicians is based on the number of available doctors in the region
who fall into either General Practice or Family Medicine.
Hastings County 1995
Ratio of residents
per primary care 1308
physician
1996
1997
1998
1999
1341
1347
1325
1331
The data for Prince Edward County suggests that ratio of 1136 residents per 1 full-time primary care physician was
met in 1999:
Prince Edward 1995
County
Ratio of residents
per primary care 1303
physician
1996
1997
1998
1999
1267
1111
1177
1136
An Underserviced Area: Primary Care Physicians in Southeastern Ontario, by Cynthia Johnston, Coordinator, Integrated Planning,
Southeastern Ontario District Health Council, October 2000.
49
3
Health
The available number of Family Physicians in Prince Edward County, according to the Ontario Physicians Human
Resources Data Centre, exceeded the number of Family Physicians required in both 1997 and 1999:
Total Available Physicians vs. Total Physicians Required
Prince Edward County 1995-1999
30
25
21.8
22.3
22.8
23
22.5
20
19
22
24
23.0
20
15
10
5
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
Total Available Family Physicians
1999
Total Family Physicians Needed
Source: Ontario Physicians Human Resources Data Centre, http://ophrdc.mcmaster.ca
Although it appears that Prince Edward is not underserviced compared to Hastings, there are some provisions to
the data that should be considered before making a conclusive statement. “Although the data at the County level
does indicate that all Counties except Frontenac are either at or near underserviced levels, this level of data does
not adequately illustrate the critical situation facing most rural communities throughout the six counties where
physicians shortage is made worse by the distance to hospital emergency rooms or after hours clinics which are
usually located in urban centres…The 1:1136 benchmark ratio assumes that the physician has no other obligations
to meet. We know that most small town physicians also do ER on-call and coverage as well as possibly medical
advisor duties to long term care facilities and/or for homecare programs. This will effectively change the ability of
the physicians to meet the needs of their patient roster.”50
An Underserviced Area: Primary Care Physicians in Southeastern Ontario, by Cynthia Johnston, Coordinator, Integrated Planning,
Southeastern Ontario District Health Council, October 2000.
50
4
Health
Another provision to the data that should be considered is that the benchmark of 1 primary care physician for every
1136 people is based on a full-time active primary care physician. The data from the OPHRDC does not make a
distinction if the Physicians for any given region are active full-time physicians. “The OPHRC data base simply
counts active physicians. It does not distinguish full-time physicians from those available only part-time (a trend
which is becoming more prevalent especially among younger women physicians and older physicians approaching
retirement, both men and women). Therefore the number of physicians indicated will be an over-count of the
number of full-time physicians available for all areas.”51
The Ontario Medical Association in a March 2001 press release reports52:
!
!
!
!
!
!
By 2020, 30 per cent of Ontario’s population will be over the age of 55.
Patients in their 60s and 70s use five times more medical services per capita annually than patients in
their 30s and 40s.
By 2020, the patient to doctor ratio will rise by a dramatic 55 per cent, from 580 patients per
physician to an alarming 900 patients per physician.
The average age of a doctor in Ontario today is 50.
Physicians are retiring faster than new ones are entering the system.
The Conference Board of Canada predicts that Ontario’s health care spending could increase to nearly
one-half of the provincial budget by 2020.
Ibid, 2000.
Statement attributed to Dr. Albert Schumacher, President of the Ontario Medical Association in a Press Release, March 19, 2001,
www.oma.org/pcomm/cha/hcreform.htm
51
52
5
Health
“Health care spending is consuming an increasing share of government spending capacity. In 1995-96, base health
care spending made up 38 per cent of government program expenditures (excludes capital
and public debt interest). Health care’s share grew to 44 per cent in 2000-01 and will increase to 45 per cent in
2001-02.”53
2001 Ontario Budget, Budget Papers, Responsible Choices, Presented to the Members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by The
Honourable James M. Flaherty, Minister of Finance May 9, 2001.
53
6
Health
A Shortage of Other Doctors:
The OPHRDC database also provides information on the number of each type of physician in each region but without
a benchmark for every type of physician it is not clear where shortages may exist. Dr. David O’Brien, Chief of Staff
for the Quinte Healthcare Corporation, believes however that there are shortages in this area. “As the man in
charge of recruiting doctors, O’Brien has a wish list – two pediatricians, which would bring the number to five, nine
family doctors (particularly for the Bancroft area “because of its remote location”), a general surgeon to add to the
present four and more psychiatrists.”54
Accessibility to Doctors For All Patients?
New citizens to a region are increasingly unable to obtain a family doctor due to the doctor shortages and are
having to visit Clinics and Emergency Rooms. The Ontario Physician Human Resources Data Centre conducted a
survey between June 1998 and November 2000 of Family Medicine Practitioners taking new patients. The following
table shows the results of that survey for various municipalities in this region.
Accepting New Patients
Area
Stirling
Frankford
Bancroft
Prince
Edward
County
Madoc
Deseronto
Hungerford
Tweed
Total
# Surveyed % Surveyed
Physicians
2
1
50%
2
2
100%
22
9
41%
No
Yes
% No
% Yes
1
2
8
0
0
1
100%
100%
89%
0%
0%
11%
24
20
83%
14
6
70%
30%
4
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
50%
100%
100%
33%
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
50%
0%
0%
0%
50%
100%
100%
100%
54
“O’Brien has recruitment wish list”, by Barry Ellsworth, The Intelligencer, December 30th, 2000, page 4.
7
Health
In the surveyed regions, 8 areas reported that Physicians are accepting new patients. Only 3 areas reported that
100% of surveyed Physicians accepting new patients.
Percentage of Surveyed Physicians Accepting New Patients
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Stirling
Frankford
Bancroft
Prince Edward
County
Madoc
Deseronto
Hungerford
Tweed
% Yes
0%
0%
11%
30%
50%
100%
100%
100%
% No
100%
100%
89%
70%
50%
0%
0%
0%
Although the results of the survey are not conclusive, where shortages exist for Primary Care Physicians, the active
Physicians may still be turning away new patients in order to manage their existing caseloads.
8
Health
Hospitals & Health Care Services:
Prior to the amalgamation of hospital services in 1998 there were four hospitals in the region, three of which were
considered autonomous bodies pre-amalgamation. Hospitals underwent an amalgamation process not unlike that
experienced by municipalities. The difference however, is tied to the approach to the restructuring of health services
in Ontario through the Health Services Restructuring Commission. “Established by government under Bill 26 in
order to expedite hospital restructuring in Ontario, the HSRC functions at arms- length from government and had the
power to "direct" hospitals to amalgamate, transfer or accept programs, change their volumes, or cease to
operate55
Belleville General Hospital, Prince Edward County Memorial Hospital, Trenton General Hospital and North Hastings
General Hospital banded together to form what is the Quinte Health Care Corporation. The Quinte Health Care
Corporation has been the subject of much media attention of late as a result of an announcement relating to an
anticipated deficit of $4 million for the year ending 2001. Recent announcements by Provincial and Hospital officials
have served to enhance the QHCC’s ability to reduce its anticipated operating deficit.
Hospital administrators, hospital workers, and patients continue to struggle with the changes being enacted as a
result of amalgamation. Nursing shortages, Doctor shortages, and layoffs of non-essential workers, when coupled
with the accusations56 that have been levied against hospital administrators reportedly as a result of cost-savings
measures, are likely to continue to stress health care services in the region for some time. The controversy
resulting from having released the salaries of hospital administrators as required by the Public Servant Disclosure
Act served only to fuel the volume of issues facing the Quinte Health Care Corporation in recent months.
Delamaine, Lin, Ontario Medical Association Health Policy Department , 1998.
number of issues have been brought into a variety of public forums since amalgamation including concerns pertaining to the
environment practices within the former Belleville General Hospital, sterilization techniques utilized within hospital departments, the
implementation of user fees, and working conditions within the hospital. Working conditions also extend to concerns put forward by a
number of family physicians who have withdrawn from hospitals in the region as a result of time commitments and in one particular situation
that is known a Doctor having reportedly been asked to care for patients requiring specialized care.
55
56A
9
Health
Cancer:
Cancer affects the lives of most Canadians through either their own illness, or the illness or death of a family member
or friend. “As a cause of hospitalization, cancer ranked sixth in hospital care in 1995–96, accounting for 774
separations per 100,000 population…The incidence of all forms of cancer for males has been steadily increasing
since the early 1970s, while the incidence in females has remained relatively stable since the early 1980s.”57 The
number of new cancer cases in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties has increased between 1990 and 1998 (the last
year for which statistics are available). While there are no sources to access data locally surrounding the collection
of New Cancer Cases, the Community Development Council of Quinte has been presented with information from the
Ontario Cancer Registry. The Registry provides information to the Ontario Ministry of Health, Public Health Branch.
The Ontario Cancer Registry is deemed to have an accuracy rate by residency of 98% at the county level.58
Total New Cancer Cases In Hastings &
Prince Edward Counties Combined 1990-1998
700
654
648
616
600
598
589
592
583
551
533
500
400
300
200
131
137
135
117
100
130
154
137
137
153
What is even more dramatic
is when we view the total new
Cancer cases as rates per
1,000 and compare them to
the rates per 1,000 in
Ontario for the same time
period. The rates in Hastings
and Prince Edward are higher
than that of Ontario with the
rates in Prince Edward the
highest of the three. In this
format, the volatility
pertaining to new cancer
cases is obvious. It also
demonstrates the degree to
which cancer is on the rise.
0
1990
1991
1992
Hastings
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Prince Edward
Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians, Prepared by the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Advisory Committee on Population
Health for the Meeting of Ministers of Health Charlottetown, P.E.I., September 16-17, 1999.
58 Review of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Data in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties and Eastern Ontario, 1980 - 1995, Brian
Laundry, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, March 2000.
57
10
Health
Clearly, the rates per 1,000 are highest in Prince Edward County with rates in Hastings second but still above the
Provincial rates per 1,000. The higher rates in Prince Edward County may be attributable to an older population.
According to the 1996 Census, in Prince Edward 24.9% of the population were over 60 years of age compared to
20% in Hastings and only 16.3% for all of Ontario.
New Cancer Cases
Rates per 1000 1990-1998
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Hastings County
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.8
5.2
4.6
4.9
4.7
5.1
5.6
5.7
4.9
5.6
5.3
5.5
6.1
5.4
6.0
Ontario
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
11
Health
The next two charts show the rates per 1,000 specific to males and females in the two counties compared to
Ontario.
New Cancer Cases Rates per 1000
Hastings County vs. Ontario
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Hastings Females
4.0
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.9
Hastings Males
4.7
5.0
4.8
4.8
5.4
4.7
5.3
5.3
5.4
Ontario Females
3.8
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
Ontario Males
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.5
The rates for both males and females in Hastings County are again higher than the rates for all of Ontario. Only in
1997 was the rate for females in Hastings County equal to that for Ontario. The rates for males in Hastings County
have remained consistently higher than those for the Province. Only in 1993 were the rates for males and females
in Hastings equal.
12
Health
The rates for Prince Edward County, similar to those for Hastings County, are higher for both sexes than the Ontario
rates.
New Cancer Cases Rates per 1000
Prince Edward County vs. Ontario
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
PEC Females
4.7
5.6
4.1
5.1
4.2
5.4
6.3
4.5
5.3
PEC Males
6.5
5.8
5.6
6.3
6.4
5.6
6.0
6.3
6.7
Ontario Females
3.8
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
Ontario Males
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.5
The rates for males in Prince Edward County have risen steadily since 1995 after having declined in 1995 from the
previous year. The rate for PEC females in 1996 was actually higher than the rate for males that year. All of the
rates per 1,000 for Ontario and PEC were higher still in 1998 than compared to the base year of 1990.
13
Health
Types of Cancer:
In 1995 Statistics Canada determined that Prostate Cancer would account for most of the newly diagnosed incidents
of Cancer in males in Canada while Breast Cancer would be the highest ranking in females. “Prostate cancer will
account for the largest proportion of male cases (24%), followed by lung (19%) and colorectal (13%) cancer
(cancer of the colon and rectum)…among females, breast cancer will be, by far, the most commonly diagnosed
(30%), followed by colorectal (13%) and lung (12%) cancer.”59 While analyzing cancer incidence rates in Hastings
& Prince Edward Counties between the years of 1980 - 1995, the Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit
has concluded that “lung cancer and leukemia were the most likely to have high standardized incidence ratios (SIR)
in the areas studied, while stomach cancer and prostate cancer were the most likely to have low SIRs…In Hastings
County as a whole, both males and females had high incidence rates of lung cancer. Males also had a high SIR for
leukemia and a low SIR for prostate cancer, while females showed a high incidence of pancreatic cancer and a low
incidence of stomach cancer. Prince Edward County had low incidence rates for stomach cancer in males and kidney
cancer in females when compared to the province.”60
In the Health Unit study, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) are the
result of comparing actual or ‘observed’ rates to ‘expected’ rates, based on previous trends within this region and
across Ontario, and the different age/sex structure of the population in the two counties, for the various types of
cancers for both sexes. “The statistical significance of a standardized incidence or mortality ratio provides a method
of determining whether differences between local or regional rates and the standard (i.e. provincial rates) are likely
due to chance variation, or whether they may indicate a true elevation or deficit in cancer cases or deaths.”61
In the table on the next page, we present a summary of a table from the Health Unit report that highlights where
SIRs and SMRs were found to be High or Low within Hastings and Prince Edward counties. In the Health Unit study
Deloro included the townships of Huntingdon, Hungerford, Madoc, Marmora & Lake, and the villages of Deloro,
Tweed, and Madoc. Hastings & PEC refers to a review of total incidences across a combined area of the two
counties. When listed, this signifies that rates were found to be particularly High or Low when reviewing rates at the
combined two county level.
Changes in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, by Jo-Anne Belliveau and Leslie Gaudette, Statistics Canada, 1995.
Review of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Data in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties and Eastern Ontario, 1980 - 1995, Brian
Laundry, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, March 2000.
61 Ibid.
59
60
14
Health
Type of
Cancer
Summary of Significantly Different Cancer Incidence and Mortality Ratios
Between Study Population and Ontario by Type of Cancer, 1980 - 1995
Significance Standardized Incidence Rate
Standardized Mortality Rate
Level
Male
Female
Male
Female
Lung
High
Deloro,
Tyendinaga,
Thurlow, Belleville,
Hastings County,
PEC,
North Hastings,
Hastings & PEC
Tyendinaga,
Hastings County,
PEC,
Stomach
Low
Pancreas
High
Belleville,
Tyendinaga,
Thurlow
Belleville,
Hastings County
Leukemia
High
Tyendinaga,
Hastings County,
Hastings & PEC
Breast
Low
High
Prostate
High
Low
Colorectal
High
Bladder
Kidney
Low
Low
Low
Deloro,
North Hastings,
Hastings & PEC
Deloro,
Tyendinaga,
Hastings County,
PEC
PEC, Hastings &
PEC
Belleville, Hastings
County, PEC
Deloro,
North Hastings,
Hastings,
Hastings & PEC
Belleville,
Belleville, Hastings
Tyendinaga,
County,
Thurlow, Hastings & Tyendinaga,
PEC
Thurlow
Deloro
Deloro
Tyendinaga,
Thurlow, Belleville
Tyendinaga,
Thurlow, Belleville
Tyendinaga,
Thurlow, Belleville
North Hastings,
Hastings County,
Hastings & PEC
Belleville
Deloro
North Hastings
PEC
15
North Hastings
Health
Cancer Deaths:
“Cancer in its many forms was the second leading cause of death in 1996 and accounted for over 310,000 years of
potential life lost in 1996…Mortality rates for males have decreased slightly since the late 1980s, while female
cancer mortality has remained relatively stable over the same period.”62
The only recent data the CDC could obtain regarding deaths to specific types of cancers for this region comes from
Statistics Canada. This information is available down to the Health Unit and District Health Council regions. The
Health Unit area is for all of Hastings and Prince Edward Counties while the Quinte-Kingston and Rideau District
Health Council region refers to legal name of the South Eastern Ontario District Health Council. The South Eastern
Ontario District Health Council covers an area that includes the counties of Hastings, Prince Edward, Lennox &
Addington, Frontenac, Lanark, & Leeds & Grenville United Counties.
The chart on the left
highlights that for both the
Health Unit and Health
Council districts, the rate per
1,000 for all cancer deaths
is almost equal to the rate
for Ontario and Canada in
total and for both sexes.
(For further information see
section on Neoplasms)
All Cancer Deaths Comparison
1995-1997 Average Rate per 1,000
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Hastings and Prince Edward Public Health
Unit
Quinte-Kingston and Rideau DHC
Ontario
Canada
Total
Male
Female
1.9
2.3
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.6
1.5
1.5
Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians, Prepared by the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Advisory Committee on Population
Health for the Meeting of Ministers of Health Charlottetown, P.E.I., September 16-17, 1999.
62
16
Health
Cancer Deaths in Males
For males, the deaths due to Prostate Cancer rates per 1,000 are lowest at the Public Health Unit region but
highest at the former District Health Council (DHC) level. The death rates for Lung Cancer in Males shows that the
rate was actually highest at the Health Unit level
Prostate Cancer Deaths Comparison
1995-1997 Average
0.40
Hastings and Prince
Edward Public Health Unit
0.36
0.32
0.28
0.32
0.24
0.29
0.27
Quinte-Kingston and
Rideau DHC
0.30
0.20
Ontario
0.16
0.12
0.08
Canada
0.04
0.00
Rate per 1,000
The death rate for Lung Cancer in Males was highest at the Health Unit level.
Lung Cancer Deaths in Males
Hastings and Prince
Edward Public Health
Unit
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.7
Quinte-Kingston and
Rideau DHC
0.5
0.4
Ontario
0.3
0.2
0.1
Canada
0.0
17
Health
Male deaths to Colorectal Cancer were almost at the same levels in the four study areas.
Colorectal Cancer Deaths In Males
Hastings and
Prince Edward
Public Health Unit
0.32
0.28
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.25
0.24
Quinte-Kingston
and Rideau DHC
0.20
Ontario
0.16
0.12
0.08
Canada
0.04
0.00
Cancer Deaths in Females
For women, the Breast Cancer death rate by comparison is actually lower locally than the rates for Ontario and
Canada.
Breast Cancer Deaths Comparison
1995-1997 Average
0.32
Hastings and Prince
Unit
0.30
Quinte-Kingston and
Rideau DHC
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.26
0.28
Ontario
0.27
0.29
Canada
0.22
0.20
Rate per 1,000
18
Health
The Lung Cancer death rate in females was highest in this region.
Lung Cancer Deaths in Females
Hastings and Prince
Unit
0.6
0.5
Quinte-Kingston and
Rideau DHC
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
Ontario
0.3
0.2
0.1
Canada
0.0
Deaths to Colorectal Cancer were lowest at the District Health Council level.
Colorectal Cancer Deaths In Females
Hastings and
Prince Edward
Public Health Unit
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.15
Quinte-Kingston
and Rideau DHC
0.15
0.13
Ontario
0.10
0.05
Canada
0.00
19
Health
Cancer Prevention:
The fact that all of the mortality rates for these cancers are less than one in a thousand does not diminish the
impact that even one cancer death has on the family and friends of that person. But not all is doom and gloom.
Some types of Cancer have actually declined in the past number of years. According to Statistics Canada, Stomach
and Cervical cancer rates continue to improve. “Despite increases in some cancers, many others have become less
common in recent decades. Today, for example, the incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer among both
men and women are much lower than they were in the late 1960s. Declines may be partly attributable to dietary
changes, such as a reduction in the consumption of cured meats and salt-preserved food, and an increase in fruit
and vegetable consumption…Cervical cancer rates dropped even faster than the rates of stomach cancer. Part of
the decline in cervical cancer is attributable to the detection of pre-cancerous cells through cervical cytology
screening such as Pap smears. If such cells are detected, regular monitoring is recommended so that a patient can
be treated before cancer develops (often within three years). Routine cervical cancer re-screening may therefore
contribute to a continued decline in this type of cancer. “63
The following table highlights some of the actions that can reduce incidents of certain types of cancers and the
percentage of those cancers that are preventable.
Cancer site
Bladder
Body of the
uterus
Brain
Breast
Cervix
Colorectal
Kidney
Leukemia
63Changes in Cancer Incidence
Action
Eliminate smoking and reduce dietary cholesterol
Reduce occupational exposure to Carcinogens
Reduce obesity.
Benefit from the protective effect of oral
contraceptives (women aged 20 to 54)
Reduce occupational exposure to carcinogens
Reduce fat and increase vegetable consumption
Reduce obesity (postmenopausal women)
Screen women aged 50 to 69
Eliminate smoking.
Encourage use of barrier contraceptives.
Screen women aged 20 to 69
Reduce fat and increase vegetable consumption
Eliminate smoking. Reduce fat consumption
Reduce exposure to radiation and benzene.
Percentage of cancer
incidence
Potentially preventable
73%
82%
70%
70%
62%
77%
67%
70%
and Mortality, by Jo-Anne Belliveau and Leslie Gaudette, Statistics Canada, 1995.
20
Health
Lung
Eliminate smoking.
Reduce occupational exposure to carcinogens
60%
Melanoma of
the skin
Reduce unprotected exposure to sunlight
77%
Oral
Ovary
Pancreas
Prostate
Stomach
Eliminate smoking and reduce alcohol consumption
Increase fruit and vegetable consumption.
Reduce fat consumption.
Benefit form the protective effect of oral
contraceptives (women aged 20 to 54
Eliminate smoking. Reduce sugar and increase
vegetable consumption
Reduce fat consumption
Reduce nitrite in cured meats and salt-preserved
foods, and increase fruit and vegetable
consumption.
68%
53%
64%
78%
52%
Source: Changes in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, by Jo-Anne Belliveau and Leslie Gaudette, Statistics Canada, 1995
Probability of Developing and/or Dying From Cancer :
The CDC was unable to determine local probabilities of developing and/or dying from Cancer. The table on the next
page however is the most recently available data for Canada.
21
Health
Probability of Developing Cancer by Age, and
Lifetime Probability of Developing and Dying from Cancer
Probability (%) of Developing Cancer
in next 10 years by age group
30-39
40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89
Lifetime Probability (%) of:
Developing
Dying
%
One in: %
One in:
0.7
–
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
1.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
–
0.1
5.6
0.9
1.1
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
14.3
4.1
3.1
2.0
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
21.1
6.3
4.6
3.0
1.3
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.3
18.0
5.1
3.3
2.7
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.3
40.4
11.3
8.9
6.3
2.7
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.1
2.5
8.9
11.2
15.9
37.2
37.6
65.8
68.0
71.4
73.0
84.7
95.2
26.7
3.6
8.1
2.8
0.9
1.5
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.9
1.2
0.3
3.7
27.5
12.4
36.2
108.8
66.2
182.1
148.8
96.2
110.9
87.0
335.6
Female
All Cancers
1.1
Breast
0.4
Colorectal
–
Lung
–
Lymphoma
0.1
Body of Uterus
–
Ovary
0.1
Pancreas
–
Leukemia
–
Kidney
–
Bladder
–
Melanoma
0.1
Stomach
–
Cervix
0.2
Oral
–
– Value less than 0.05
3.0
1.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
–
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
0.2
–
6.1
2.3
0.6
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
9.9
2.9
1.3
1.6
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
13.0
3.2
2.2
1.9
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
10.9
2.2
2.2
1.2
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
35.3
10.6
5.6
5.0
2.3
2.2
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
2.8
9.5
18.0
19.9
43.5
46.5
64.9
90.9
96.2
100.0
108.7
111.1
120.5
125.0
166.7
22.2
3.9
2.5
4.5
1.3
0.5
1.1
1.3
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.3
4.5
25.8
39.4
22.4
76.9
188.0
94.3
79.4
137.0
250.0
258.4
487.8
153.8
350.9
374.5
Male
All Cancers
Prostate
Lung
Colorectal
Bladder
Lymphoma
Oral
Kidney
Stomach
Leukemia
Pancreas
Melanoma
“Note: The probability of developing cancer is calculated according to age- and gender-specific cancer incidence and mortality rates for
Canada in 1995 and on life tables based on 1994-1996 all cause mortality rates. The probability of dying from cancer represents the proportion
of persons dying from cancer in a cohort subjected to the mortality conditions prevailing in the population at large in 1997. See Appendix I:
Methods for details.” 1
Source: Cancer Bureau, LCDC, Health Canada
22
Health
The Canadian Cancer Society:
This region has a unit of the Canadian Cancer Society (CCS) that offers information regarding Cancer and provides support
services for Cancer Patients and their families. “The CCS Community Services provides information and emotional support
programs to all cancer patients who request these. Transportation is provided to patients and escorts who are
ambulatory, ineligible for government funded transportation, required to attend cancer treatment or follow up
appointments, and unable to arrange their own transportation. Financial assistance may be offered to patients who are in
declared financial need and who are not eligible for assistance through Community Care Access Centres, private insurance
coverage, family benefit, general welfare, Veterans’ Affairs, EI, Workers’ Compensation, Disability Benefit or other
government funded programs.”64
Canadian Cancer Society
Hastings-Prince Edward County Unit
Community Services Summary 1995 to 1999
# Patients
Transported
# accessing
financial
assistance
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
334
288
347
287
307
36
31
26
34
31
“An internal survey done in 1996 indicated that our primary clients for the transportation program are two thirds female, one
third male. 70% were senior citizens, and the great majority were over 50. At that time, we estimated that their needs were
about 60% due to lack of alternative means to travel such as public transit; 20% physical (too weak or ill to drive
themselves); 15% financial; and a small number due to unwillingness to drive in Toronto and the inconvenience of train & bus
schedules or concern about adverse weather conditions…We also assist any families with child patients who do not qualify
for government provided assistance, either by providing volunteer drivers, or a per trip reimbursement for driving their own
family vehicles, and a small allowance for the cost of accommodation and meals while away from home. There have been
between 9 and 12 families helped each year.”65
64
65
Source: Correspondence from Mary Hobbs, Unit Manager, Hastings-Prince Edward County Unit, Canadian Cancer Society.
Ibid.
23
Health
Neoplasms:
Although data related to cancer deaths is limited at any region less than the County level, there is information
available regarding deaths due to Neoplams. Neoplasm is defined as “any new and abnormal growth;
specifically a new growth of tissue in which the growth is uncontrolled and progressive. Neoplasms are
distinguished from benign in that the former show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of
invasion and metastasis. Called also tumor.”66 All types of Cancer fall under the terminology of Neoplasms.
Deaths due to Neoplasms range widely across select areas of the two counties. When viewed as rates per
1000, it becomes apparent that some areas have higher rates than others while other areas have seen a
decline in the Neoplasm death rate. The data source for all of the Neoplasms charts is the Ontario Ministry of
Health & Long Term Care Provincial Health Planning Database.
In Belleville, the rates per 1000 for
both sexes are almost twice those
for Quinte West. The rates for
females in Belleville have declined
since 1995 but rates for Quinte
West females only declined in 1997.
The rates for males in Quinte West
have declined since 1995 while the
rates for males in Belleville have
risen over the same time period.
Neoplasm Deaths, Rates per 1,000
Belleville vs. Quinte West
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Quinte West Females
Quinte West Males
Belleville Females
Belleville Males
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1.5
2.1
2.4
3.6
1.6
1.8
2.8
3.2
1.4
2.1
2.8
2.5
1.0
1.6
2.4
4.0
1.0
2.0
3.2
2.5
2.2
1.6
2.3
3.2
1.4
1.6
2.0
3.4
Source: Ontario Ministry of Health & Long Term Care Provincial Health Planning Database
66
The Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Foundation website, http://www.ndif.org
24
Health
The rates in Bancroft are double those observed for Belleville and Quinte West. The rates for both sexes rose
significantly from 1996 to 1997 after
having declined in 1995. In Madoc,
Madoc vs. Bancroft
the rates for males were noticeably
14.0
higher in 1994 and 1997. In fact, the
rate for males in Madoc for 1997 was
12.0
higher than the rate in Bancroft for the
10.0
same year. The rate for females in
Madoc has remained constant since
8.0
1995.
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Madoc Females
1.1
3.1
4.1
1.0
2.0
1.9
1997
1.9
Madoc Males
1.0
2.0
2.0
6.8
1.9
1.9
10.4
Bancroft Females
3.0
6.9
4.8
5.3
6.1
4.2
8.3
Bancroft Males
8.0
5.7
7.2
9.1
11.6
4.5
7.8
Source: Ontario Ministry of Health & Long Term Care Provincial Health Planning Database
Neoplasm Deaths, Rate per 1,000
Stirling-Rawdon vs. Tweed
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Stirling Females
Stirling Males
Tweed Females
Tweed Males
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2.0
1.2
2.4
1.6
2.8
2.4
1.6
2.0
2.5
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.1
2.4
2.1
2.1
2.4
1.0
3.8
1.2
4.5
3.8
4.4
1.4
1.4
2.0
1.7
2.4
25
The rates in Stirling-Rawdon declined
for females from 1995 to 1997 and
declined for males in 1997 after
having peaked at 4.4 per one
thousand in 1996. The rates for both
sexes in Tweed were significantly
highest in 1995 for females and in
1994 and 1995 for males. Rates for
both sexes in Tweed declined in 1996
but rose again in 1997. Rates for
both Stirling-Rawdon and Tweed are
still lower than the base year of 1991
with only the rate for Stirling-Rawdon
males in 1997 equal to the base year.
Health
The rates in Prince Edward County rose steadily from 1995 to 1997 with the rates in 1997 higher than even the
base year. The rates for females in Deseronto declined consistently from 1991 to 1994, rose in 1995, and
remained constant at the 1995 level through the next two years. The rates for males declined in 1997 after having
risen from 1994 to 1996. The rates for males in Deseronto was higher in 1997 than the base year of 1991 but the
rates for females was noticeably lower in 1997 than the base year.
Source: Ontario Ministry of Health & Long
Term Care Provincial Health Planning
Database
Prince Edward County vs. Deseronto
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
PEC Females
PEC Males
Deseronto Females
Deseronto Males
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2.6
2.9
8.4
2.1
1.8
2.9
7.2
4.2
2.8
2.8
4.1
3.2
3.1
3.5
2.1
3.2
2.0
3.1
4.2
4.4
2.5
3.2
4.2
6.7
3.1
3.3
4.2
3.4
26
Health
Communicable Diseases
The Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care produces monthly summary reports of Reportable Diseases
which they publish in the Public Health and Epidemiology Report Ontario (PHERO) 67. These diseases are reported
for each Health Unit region and include new cases of diseases such as mumps, rubella, and chicken-pox as well as
sexually transmitted diseases. PHERO also summarizes all of this information in quarterly reports.
The CDC reviewed all quarterly reports of the Summary of Reportable Diseases and found the following trends in the
Hastings & Prince Edward Health Unit region regarding sexually transmitted diseases and the three forms of
Hepatitis, A, B, and C. The information in these charts are the total reported cases in each quarter and only reflect
the number of reported cases for those people who sought treatment.
1995 Reportable Diseases
22
26
20
24
22
18
20
16
18
14
16
12
14
10
12
8
10
8
6
6
4
4
2
0
2
0
AIDS
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
AIDS
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
4th Quarter 1995
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4th Quarter 1996
0
1
0
0
1
3
Hepatitis C
0
3rd Quarter 1995
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3rd Quarter 1996
0
23
0
1
0
0
0
2nd Quarter 1995
1
9
0
1
0
0
0
2nd Quarter 1996
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1st Quarter 1995
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
1st Quarter 1996
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
In both 1995 and 1996 the number of new cases of Chlamydia were more prevalent than either AIDS, Syphilis, or
Gonorrhea. In 1995 there were 21 new cases of Chlamydia reported and 26 cases in 1996. In 1995 there was 1
new case of Aids reported, 1 case of Gonorrhea, and 1 case of Hepatitis A. In 1996 there was 1 new case of
Gonorrhea reported, 3 cases of Hepatitis A, and in the final quarter of 1996 there were 3 new cases of Hepatitis B.
67
The Public Health and Epidemiology Report Ontario is published monthly by Public Health Branch, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
27
Health
In 1997 and 1998 the number of newly reported cases of Chlamydia continued to increase. There was also a surge
in reported cases of Hepatitis C.
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
AIDS
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
AIDS
Chlamydia
Syphilis
4th Quarter 1997
0
24
0
2
11
0
0
4th Quarter 1998
0
16
0
0
1
2
21
3rd Quarter 1997
2nd Quarter 1997
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3rd Quarter 1998
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2nd Quarter 1998
0
0
32
26
1
0
1
2
1
0
2
3
20
26
1st Quarter 1997
2
6
0
2
0
0
14
1st Quarter 1998
0
33
0
1
5
2
24
Gonorrhea Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
In 1997 there were 30 newly reported cases of Chlamydia and in 1998 this number more than tripled to 107
reported case. In 1997 there were also 2 newly reported cases of AIDS, 4 cases of Gonorrhea, 11 cases of
Hepatitis A, and 14 cases of Hepatitis C. In 1998 there was 1 new case of syphilis reported, 4 cases of Gonorrhea,
7 cases of Hepatitis A, 9 cases of Hepatitis B, and 91 cases of Hepatitis C.
28
Health
Chlamydia and Hepatitis C cases continued to be prevalent in 1999 and 2000. The 2000 data only includes
information from the first three quarterly reports and is therefore not a complete picture for 2000. In 1999 there
were 70 newly reported cases of Chlamydia and 48 cases in the first 3 quarters of 2000. In 1999 there were also 2
reported cases of Gonorrhea, 5 cases of Hepatitis A, 4 cases of Hepatitis B, and 48 cases of Hepatitis C. The
number of other diseases was lower in the first three quarters than in previous years. There were no reported
cases in the first three quarters of 2000 for Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B. The number of
Hepatitis C cases reported in the first three quarters of 2000 was lower at 13 compared to 31 cases reported in the
first three quarters of 1999.
70
50
45
60
40
50
35
40
30
25
30
20
20
15
10
10
0
5
AIDS
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
4th Quarter 1999
0
17
0
0
0
3
17
AIDS
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
3rd Quarter 1999
0
26
0
1
3
1
3
3rd Quarter 2000
0
38
0
0
0
0
10
2nd Quarter 1999
0
7
0
0
2
0
4
2nd Quarter 2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1st Quarter 1999
0
20
0
1
0
0
24
1st Quarter 2000
0
10
0
0
0
0
3
0
29
Health
Although the number of newly reported Chlamydia cases was higher than any other sexually transmitted disease
there was a noticeable decline in the number of cases in 1999 and in the first three quarters of 2000. The following
graph highlights those changes.
Annual Chlamydia Cases
By Quarters
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
4th Quarter
3rd Quarter
2nd Quarter
1st Quarter
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
4
0
9
8
1
23
1
1
24
0
0
6
16
32
26
33
17
26
7
20
38
0
10
There is also some sense that number of Hepatitis C cases may be on the decline as well. Again the data for 2000
is only for the first three quarters of 2000.
Annual Hepatitis C Cases
By Quarter
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
4th Quarter
3rd Quarter
2nd Quarter
1st Quarter
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
21
20
26
24
17
3
4
24
10
0
3
30
Health
The following information about Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C has been
gathered from the websites for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ontario Ministry of Health and LongTerm Care, and The Health On the Net Foundation.
“Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis.
Because approximately 75% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms, most people infected with
chlamydia are not aware of their infections and therefore may not seek health care.
When diagnosed, chlamydia can be easily treated and cured. Untreated, chlamydia can cause severe,
costly reproductive and other health problems which include both short-and long-term consequences,
including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is the critical link to infertility, and potentially fatal tubal
pregnancy. Untreated chlamydia in men typically causes urethral infection, but may also result in
complications such as swollen and tender testicles.”68
“Gonorrhea is second only to chlamydial infections in the number of cases reported to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.”69
“In women, gonorrhea can cause a serious infection of the womb and tubes (pelvic inflammatory disease).
It can lead to infertility and ectopic or tubal pregnancy. In men, gonorrhea can cause sterility and difficulty
passing urine. Gonorrhea may also cause eye infection and arthritis. Early treatment protects against these
problems. “70
“The incidence of gonorrhea is highest in high-density urban areas among persons under 24 years of age
who have multiple sex partners and engage in unprotected sexual intercourse. Increases in gonorrhea
prevalence have been noted recently among men who have sex with men.”71
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: http://www.cdc.gov/
Ibid.
70 Source: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care website: http://www.gov.on.ca/health/
71 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: http://www.cdc.gov/
68
69
31
Health
“Syphilis is a serious disease. It is spread by genital, anal or oral sex with an infected person. The first sign
is a painless sore (ulcer) where the germ entered the body. The second stage is a body rash, which comes
weeks later. Syphilis affects the whole body.
The syphilis bacterium is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore. Sores
mainly occur on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. Sores also can occur on the lips and
in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Pregnant women with
the disease can pass it to the
babies they are carrying. Syphilis cannot be spread by toilet seats, door knobs, swimming pools, hot tubs,
bath tubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.
Syphilis symptoms go away in 6 months even with no treatment, but the germs are still spreading in
your body. Years later syphilis enters its third stage. This may cause heart disease, brain damage or
death. Early treatment can protect against this.
People with genital sores may have a greater chance of getting HIV infection. If you have HIV infection, the
second and third stage of syphilis may come sooner and be more serious.”72
“Hepatitis A is caused by a virus excreted in the faeces of infected people and can be passed on when
contaminated food or water is consumed by susceptible individuals. Hepatitis A is most commonly
transmitted by person to person contact via faecal contamination but epidemics can occur from sources of
contaminated food, water or ice cubes. Poor sanitation and overcrowding facilitate
transmission and outbreaks are common in institutions, prisons and the military.
Many infections with hepatitis A do not produce any symptoms especially in children. When symptoms
occur around 30 days after infection they are usually mild and last for around 1-2 weeks. The symptoms
are characterised by sudden onset of fever, malaise, nausea, anorexia, and abdominal discomfort, followed
in several days by jaundice. Occasionally, the symptoms are severe and convalescence can take several
months due to being chronically tired. Occasionally hepatitis A can be fatal. These rare deaths usually
occur in the elderly.
Once recovery from hepatitis A is complete you have life long immunity and cannot contract the virus
again. Milk Thistle has been reported to reduce the recovery time following Hepatitis A infection.
Prevention:
A vaccination made from inactivated hepatitis A virus is now available and consists of an initial vaccination
followed by a booster that is effective 94-100% of the time.”73
72
Ibid.
32
Health
“Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus is very common in Asia, China, Philippines, China,
Africa and the Middle east. In Europe and North America the incidence of known carriers is about 1 in a
1000 people. World wide, it is
estimated that there are over 350 million hepatitis B carriers which represents 5% of the worlds
population and it is estimated that 10 to 30 million people become infected with the virus each year.
How is Hepatitis B Transmitted?
Hepatitis B (HBV) is transmitted by the exchange of body fluids e.g. Blood, Semen, Breast Milk and in
some circumstances saliva. People most at risk include:
•
•
•
•
•
Anyone who has unprotected sexual intercourse.
IV drug users who share needles and syringes.
Health care workers in contact with potentially contaminated blood or body fluids.
Babies born to mothers with the virus.
Anyone in intimate contact with an infected person.
It is possible to be infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and experience no illness or symptoms
whatsoever. Commonest is an acute attack of hepatitis during which you may feel unwell, tired and lose
your appetite. Sometimes there is the characteristic yellowish colour of jaundice best seen in the whites of
the eyes. This can last from a few days to a few months. Itching skin and pale stools may also occur. In
some cases hepatitis B can be fatal, especially in the elderly where mortality rates may be as high as 10 15%.
Around 90% of people infected with hepatitis B recover completely and become immune to the virus.
Prevention:
A safe and effective genetically engineered vaccine for hepatitis B is available. It is given in 3 intramuscular
subcutaneous injections (just under the skin) generally over a period of 6 months and conveys immunity in
90 to 95% of people treated.”74
73
74
Source: The Health On the Net Foundation website: http://www.hon.ch/
Ibid.
33
Health
“Hepatitis C, formerly Non A - Non B hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis C virus. Haemophiliacs and drug
abusers are at the greatest risk, but
anyone, of any status or age and in any walk of life, is at risk for acquiring the hepatitis C virus.
Researchers have found that many people infected with hepatitis C don't even know it. From 20 to 40
percent of patients in inner-city hospitals are infected, as are 80 percent of drug users.
Most people with hepatitis C contracted it either through a blood transfusion or receiving blood products
(plasma, etc.) that was contaminated with hepatitis C, or by sharing needles with intravenous drug users
that were infected with hepatitis C. Prior
to 1990 blood could not be screened for HCV.
Thanks to HCV testing with modern sensitive methods, the risk of acquiring hepatitis C from blood
transfusion is now less than 1%.
The other means of acquiring Hepatitis C include health care and laboratory workers that may get stuck
with an infected needle or instrument, people receiving medical/dental procedures or people that had
tattoos that were performed with poorly sterilised equipment. Infected mothers can pass the virus to the
foetus in utero but this occurs less than 1% of the time. It may occur more readily if the mother is also
infected with the human immuodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS.
Some people experience no symptoms after initial infection with the hepatitis C virus, however many people
have a flu-like illness with fatigue, fever, muscular aches and pain, nausea and vomiting. Around 10% of
patients become jaundiced but in the majority of cases these symptoms resolve. The acute phase of
hepatitis C is rarely fatal.
Although symptoms resolve, around 80% of people infected with Hepatitis C become chronically infected.
Although frequently showing no symptoms, the Hepatitis C virus continues to reproduce and damage liver
cells and after may years this may lead to liver disease including cirrhosis.
Prevention:
There is currently no vaccination available against hepatitis C.
As Hepatitis C and other diseases can be spread by using something with infected blood on it (even
though it may not be visible) you can reduce the risk of infection by not sharing items of personal hygiene
that may be contaminated such as razors, nail clippers, scissors, tooth brushes etc. “75
75
Ibid.
34
Health
AIDS
In addition to the PHERO documents containing information related to the number of newly reported cases of AIDS,
PHERO also publishes an AIDS quarterly summary that reports the number of active cases of AIDS by Health Unit
region. This number has remained fairly static between 40 and 45 active cases in the Hastings and Prince Edward
area SINCE 1995. Many AIDS Patients seek treatment outside of the region therefore this information may not be
completely accurate.
35
Health
Causes of Death
One way of determining the health of a region is by looking at causes of death. Mortality statistics are commonly
used to obtain an overall picture of the most serious diseases. “Mortality reflects only fatal diseases. It gives no
information on the number of sick people or the importance of diseases that do not lead to death. At advanced
ages, it is difficult to identify the initial cause of death, thus, these rates are generally not calculated after age 85.”76
For this study, the CDC was able to obtain statistics relevant to various municipalities within the two Counties by sex.
We were not able to obtain this information by age groups.
The data in this study is separated into the following classifications:
•
Diseases of Circulatory System
•
Neoplasms
•
Diseases of Respiratory System
•
Diseases of Digestive System
•
Supplementary Classification of External Causes • Endocrine, Nutritional & Metabolic Diseases &
of Injury & Poisoning
Immunity Disorders
•
Diseases of Nervous System & Sense Organs
•
Other *
*Other includes: Diseases of Genitourinary System; Infections & Parasitic Diseases; Diseases of Blood & BloodForming Organs; Mental Disorders; Diseases of Musculoskeletal System & Connective Tissue; Certain Conditions
Originating in the Perinatal Period; & Symptoms, Signs & ill-defined Conditions.
The table on the next page highlights the causes of death from 1991-1997 (the most recent year for which
information is complete) for both sexes by the preceding classifications. Due to the sensitivity of the data and
confidentiality issues, where a count is less than 5, the symbol ”<5” will appear.
Healthy People-Healthy Communities: How Healthy Are We?, A Community Health Profile of Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, by Anne
L. Traboulsee, Health Planner, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties District Health Council, December 1995.
76
36
Health
Hastings and Prince Edward Counties - Causes of Death: 1991 to 1997
Classification
Bancroft
Madoc
Tweed
StirlingRawdon
Deseronto
Prince
Edward
County
Belleville Quinte West
126
27
66
101
44
423
805
345
81
14
15
<5
45
5
35
<5
33
8
229
25
436
63
224
25
33
<5
10
18
5
112
171
88
14
0
9
7
7
39
60
36
12
0
9
8
5
42
62
31
6
36
<5
6
<5
8
<5
14
<5
14
30
67
55
109
26
82
Bancroft
Madoc
Tweed
StirlingRawdon
Deseronto
122
42
77
86
41
Prince
Edward
County
411
106
13
62
27
<5
11
56
8
24
41
<5
17
25
<5
13
8
22
<5
8
7
17
11
19
10
40
<5
<5
<5
17
7
7
Females
Circulatory
System
Neoplasms
Endocrine etc.
Respiratory
System
Digestive System
Injuries &
Poisoning
Nervous System
Other
Males
Classification
Circulatory
System
Neoplasms
Endocrine etc.
Respiratory
System
Digestive System
Injuries &
Poisoning
Nervous System
Other
37
681
430
269
17
119
503
53
162
284
22
93
<5
<5
29
75
82
96
46
67
0
9
27
57
41
122
20
93
Health
Both Sexes
Classification
Circulatory
System
Neoplasms
Endocrine etc.
Respiratory
System
Digestive
System
Injuries &
Poisoning
Nervous System
Other
Bancroft
Madoc
248
69
187
27
95
Tweed
StirlingRawdon
Deseronto
143
187
85
Prince
Edward
County
834
42
<5
14
101
13
34
76
7
35
58
12
18
22
<5
16
18
34
8
26
16
76
<5
9
5
25
1486
775
498
42
231
939
116
333
508
47
181
11
68
142
82
27
8
117
158
98
11
21
<5
23
57
124
96
231
46
175
Source: Ministry of Health & Long Term Care Provincial Health Planning Database
In all Municipalities, Diseases of the Circulatory System were the leading causes of death for both sexes followed by
Neoplasms (Cancers). No clear pattern was evident for a third leading cause of death. In most communities the
third leading cause among males was Diseases of the Respiratory System with the exception of Stirling-Rawdon
where it was Injuries & Poisoning. Among females, the third most prevalent cause in most municipalities was
Diseases of the Respiratory System .**
Diseases of the Circulatory System include Ischaemic Heart Disease, Cardiac Arrest, & Cerebrovascular Diseases; Diseases of the
Respiratory System include Asthma, Pleurisy, and Tuberculosis; Endocrine, Nutritional & Metabolic Diseases & Immunity Disorders include
Diabetes, Disorders of the Thyroid Gland, Cystic Fibrosis, and Obesity; Diseases of the Digestive System include Ulcers, Gastritis, and
Diseases of the Liver; Diseases of the Nervous System include Epilepsy and Tumors of the Brain.
**
38
Health
Life Expectancy
Another factor of the health of communities is the average life expectancy of the people in the region. The most
recently available information is through Statistics Canada for the average life expectancy between 1995 and 1997
at the Health Unit level. The following chart illustrates that Hastings & Prince Edward Counties are below the
Provincial and Federal average for life expectancy in both sexes.
Average Life Expectancy in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties
vs. Ontario & Canada
81.0
80.0
79.0
78.0
77.0
76.0
75.0
74.0
73.0
72.0
71.0
Males
Females
Hastings and Prince Edward Counties
74.5
80.5
Ontario
75.5
81.0
Canada
75.1
80.9
Source: Statistics Canada
At the Health Unit region of Hastings and Prince Edward Counties the life expectancy of males is 74.5 years which is
one year less than the provincial average and 6 months less than the federal average. In females the average life
expectancy in H & P.E. is 80.5 which is half a year below both the Ontario and Canada averages. The life expectancy
in males is 6 years less than that in females.
39
Health
Aging Population
We have a higher percentage of our population aged 70+. The following table highlights the differences between
the 1991 and 1996 Census for both counties as well as Ontario and Canada.
1991 % of all Males 70-74
1991 % of all Males 75+
1991 % of all Females 70-74
1991 % of all Females 75+
Hastings
3.5%
3.8%
4.4%
4.8%
4.2%
4.6%
6.9%
7.7%
Prince Edward
4.5%
5.2%
5.5%
6.3%
5.1%
5.2%
8.7%
9.2%
Ontario
2.7%
3.1%
3.5%
3.8%
3.3%
3.8%
5.8%
6.2%
Canada
2.7%
3.0%
3.6%
3.8%
3.3%
3.6%
5.7%
6.3%
Prince Edward County had the highest percentages of both males and females over the age of 70. Hastings County
was second to Prince Edward with Ontario and Canada almost completely tied regarding respective percentages.
Each region had growth in the 70-74 and 75+ age groups for both sexes from 1991 to 1996. Some of this was
attributable to a natural aging of the population and some to migration and immigration to those areas.
40
Health
The following two tables contain the same information for the 70-74 and 75+ age groups from the 1991 and 1996
Census for different municipalities within Hastings & Prince Edward Counties.
Hastings County
1991 % of all
Males 70-74
1996 % of all
Males 70-74
1991 % of all
Males 75+
1996 % of all
Males 75+
1991 % of all
Females 70-74
1996 % of all
Females 70-74
1991 % of all
Females 75+
1996 % of all
Females 75+
Belleville
Quinte
West
StirlingRawdon
Tweed
Madoc
Bancroft
Deseronto
3.8%
2.8%
3.6%
4.2%
4.1%
5.4%
2.7%
4.0%
3.4%
3.3%
4.4%
3.0%
5.5%
3.4%
4.7%
3.6%
4.8%
4.5%
4.4%
10.4%
4.4%
5.5%
4.0%
4.7%
5.4%
4.2%
10.5%
3.4%
4.8%
3.3%
3.3%
5.0%
4.8%
6.4%
5.3%
5.2%
4.0%
4.3%
4.9%
4.9%
6.6%
4.3%
8.2%
5.4%
8.4%
7.2%
6.6%
15.2%
6.3%
9.5%
6.2%
8.9%
7.0%
8.2%
16.1%
7.0%
In Hastings County, the Village of Bancroft had the highest percentage of individuals aged 70-74 and 75+. StirlingRawdon and Madoc saw a decline from 1991 to 1996 in the percentage of all males 70-74 and 75+ years of age.
In Deseronto there was a decrease of the number of males 75+ to 3.4% in 1996, down from 4.4% in 1991.
The percentage of all females 70-74 declined in Tweed from 5.0% in 1991 to 4.9% in 1996 and the number of
females 75+ fell from 7.2% to 7.0%. In Deseronto the number of females 70-74 declined from 5.3% in 1991 to
4.3% in 1996.
41
Health
Wellington
5.1%
9.9%
6.4%
7.4%
6.0%
9.7%
12.0%
10.8%
Bloomfield
3.1%
3.1%
4.6%
4.7%
4.2%
5.4%
9.7%
8.1%
Picton
5.8%
5.1%
8.1%
9.6%
6.7%
7.9%
14.5%
15.2%
In Prince Edward County, Wellington had the highest percentage of males 70-74 at 9.9% in 1996 and the highest
percentage of females 70-74 at 9.7%. Picton had the highest percentage of males and females 75+ in 1996 at
9.6% and 15.2% respectively. The percentage of all males 70-74 declined in Picton from 1991 to 1996.
The percentage of all females 75+ declined in both Wellington and Bloomfield from 12.0% and 9.7% in 1991 to
10.8% and 8.1% in 1996. Compare this to the previous chart for all of Prince Edward County where the overall age
groups increased for both sexes from 1991 to 1996 and were higher than the percentages for Hastings County,
Ontario, and Canada.
Life Expectancy vs. Aging Population
Although Statistics Canada reports that the average life expectancy in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties is 74.5
years for males and 80.5 years for females, Census information reveals that there has been a growth in the number
of seniors in the two counties. This census population growth was higher than the Provincial and Federal
percentages of seniors aged 70-74 and 75+. This may be indicate that life expectancy, at least in this region, is
increasing.
42
Health
Hospitalization
Causes of hospital stays reveal tell-tale indicators of community well-being. As such, the following graphs and tables
contain the information regarding most responsible diagnosis for Hospitalizations for the period 1996 to 1998.
Females
The leading cause of hospital stays in Hastings & Prince Edward among females in the years spanning 1996-1998
was Pregnancy & Childbirth related conditions, followed by conditions of the Circulatory System.
Most Responsible Causes of Hospital Stays (Inpatient Events):
Females 1996-1998
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
5,778
4,084
3,126
2,590
2,387
2,164
1,845
1,785
1,412
606
1,000
567
507
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43
Health
The following table highlights the most responsible causes of hospital stays (requiring hospitalization overnight),
among females by different age groups for the same time period. The major cause for each age group is
highlighted. Due to the sensitivity of the data and confidentiality issues, where a count is less than 5, the symbol
“<5” will appear.
Classification
Complications of
Pregnancy, Childbirth and
Puerperium
Other
Circulatory System
Supp. Classification of
Factors Influencing Health
Status
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Injuries & Poisoning
Diseases of the
Genitourinary System
Neoplasms
Mental Disorders
Endocrine etc.
Conditions Originating in
the Perinatal Period
Nervous System
Most Responsible Causes of Hospital Stays (Inpatient Events)
Females by Selected Age Groups
0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All Ages
7
2,073
3,695
<5
-
5,778
490
9
204
22
674
170
972
906
1,752
2,977
4,092
4,084
1,874
62
150
255
785
3,126
162
560
201
169
116
134
503
165
345
709
369
395
1,047
1,177
1,089
2,590
2,387
2,164
60
111
689
474
511
1,845
20
30
58
21
180
40
328
556
79
641
349
128
775
297
301
1,785
1,412
606
567
-
-
-
-
567
78
27
100
132
170
507
Clearly the leading cause of hospital stays in females 15-24 and 25-44 was related to Pregnancy and Childbirth. In
women aged 65+ the leading cause was related to the Circulatory System. In both the 0-14 and 45-64 age
groups, the leading causes were not specific to any of the other classifications. The most definable causes among
the 0-14 were Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period & Respiratory System problems. In the 45-64 the most
definable cause was related to the Circulatory System. Prior to 1996 the “leading health reason for being in
hospital for women 15-44 years old was for pregnancy/delivery.”77
L. Traboulsee, Health Planner, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties District Health Council, December 1995, page 182.
77
44
Health
Males
In males, the leading cause of hospitalization was related to the Circulatory System.
Most Responsible Causes of Hospital Stays (Inpatient Events):
Males 1996-1998
6,000
5,343
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
3,113
2,718
2,462
2,092
1,467
1,068
1,000
939
674
533
471
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45
Health
Classification
Circulatory System
Other
Supp. Classification of
Factors Influencing Health
Status
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Injuries & Poisoning
Neoplasms
Mental Disorders
Diseases of the
Genitourinary System
Conditions Originating in
the Perinatal Period
Endocrine etc.
Nervous System
Most Responsible Causes of Hospital Stays (Inpatient Events)
Males by Selected Age Groups
0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
18
26
293
1,738
3,268
599
184
727
1,064
1,480
All Ages
5,343
4,054
1,960
24
103
322
704
3,113
880
206
286
28
23
88
134
225
14
165
153
414
506
107
431
385
729
439
498
271
1,212
979
636
820
178
2,718
2,462
2,092
1,467
1,068
46
15
81
195
602
939
674
-
-
-
-
674
64
63
31
42
68
73
131
108
239
185
533
471
The leading cause of hospital stays among males 45-64 and 65+ were related to the Circulatory System. Among
males 15-24 the leading cause of hospitalization was Injuries and Poisoning. Although the leading cause among
males 25-44 was not specific, the most definable cause was Injuries & Poisonings. In the youngest age group the
leading cause of hospitalization was also not specific but the most definable cause was related to the Respiratory
System.
46
Health
In the 1995 document, “Healthy People-Healthy Communities: How Healthy Are We?, A Community Health Profile of
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties” the following points regarding the limitations of the data were made about
Hospital Stays and should be considered when reviewing the above data:
•
Certain causes of hospitalization are not strictly speaking diseases (eg. Pregnancy/delivery). These include
non-medical treatment diagnostic tests, etc.
•
Hospitalization statistics may be influenced by factors exogenous to health status. These include activity of
care, physical and financial accessibility to care, administrative decisions aimed at limiting the number and length
of hospital stays and the specialties offered at certain hospitals. All of these may affect geographical and
temporal comparability.78
That same document also made the following observation regarding means by which hospitalizations can be
reduced:
•
Factors which may contribute to potential reductions in admissions for disease include: education and
awareness of risk groups and behaviours, early detection of disease, environmental factors such as air and water
quality, quality of life, stress, employment and unemployment, income, family/social satisfaction, etc.79
L. Traboulsee, Health Planner, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties District Health Council, December 1995, page 182.
79 Ibid.
78
47
Health
Birth Rates:
Age of Mother
More women are having babies in their 30s and 40s while those having children in their 20s is on the decline.
The percentage of all births to females
under 20 has risen in both counties. In
Prince Edward County the percentage of all
births to females under 20 tripled between
1990 and 1997.
Perecentage of All Births to Females Under 20
14.0%
12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
1990
8.4%
Hastings County
Prince Edward County 3.6%
1991
1992
1993
6.8% 8.2% 8.5%
7.1% 10.1% 8.6%
1994
1995
1996
1997
9.4% 9.8% 9.4% 9.7%
7.0% 11.1% 9.8% 11.5%
Source: Ministry of Health & Long Term Care Provincial Health Planning Database.
Births to women aged 20-29 saw a general
decline from 1991.
Perecentage of All Births to Females 20-29
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
64.4% 64.5% 60.2% 60.3% 55.8% 54.1% 55.4% 54.0%
Hastings County
Prince Edward County 61.8% 62.4% 62.1% 56.3% 56.4% 47.0% 55.4% 53.4%
48
Health
An increasing number of women aged 30-39
are giving birth as more than a third of all
babies born are to mothers between the ages
of 30-39.
Perecentage of All Births to Females 30-39
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
25.7% 27.6% 30.4% 29.9% 33.4% 34.5% 34.0% 34.6%
Hastings County
The percentage of births to women over 40 is
highest in Prince Edward County. This has
seen a decline since 1994 after having risen
dramatically in 1994 over 1991. The
percentage in Hastings has doubled since
1990.
Percentage of All Births to Females Over 40
3.00%
2.50%
2.00%
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
0.52% 0.81% 0.72% 0.47% 0.71% 0.68% 0.73% 1.15%
Hastings County
49
Health
Teen Mothers
In Hastings and Prince Edward Counties the percentage of births to teen mothers has increased in the past decade
with largest rate evident in Prince
Percentage of All Births to Females Under 18 Years of Age
Edward County:
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
Hastings County
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2.67%
1.31%
2.04%
1.88%
2.38%
3.23%
3.06%
2.61%
3.77%
3.30%
3.98%
2.22%
3.20%
5.70%
3.32%
5.76%
Births to Females Under 18
Rates Per 1,000
1990-1997
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
-
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Hastings
7.61
5.41
7.12
8.51
9.64
10.66
7.92
7.55
PEC
3.65
4.54
7.16
6.11
7.86
5.15
9.57
9.11
50
The rates per 1,000 in Hastings
increased steadily from 1991 to
1995 but began to decline in 1996
and 1997. In 1997, there were fewer
births to females under 18 years of
age than in the base year. In Prince
Edward County the rates have
fluctuated slightly over the same
time period but the rates rose slowly
with no subsequent yearly rate less
than the 1990 base year rate of
9.11 per 1,000. Prince Edward
County rates were actually higher
than the Hastings County rates for
the years 1996 and 1997.
Health
Abortion and Teen Pregnancy Rates
In calculating the previous information regarding Births to Females, the Community Development Council added
together the data for live births and stillbirths and calculated the rates per 1,000 using the female population aged
12 to 18. In order to accurately capture teen pregnancy rates for this region it is necessary to add together the live
birth and stillbirth data along with the abortion data. Unfortunately when the CDC requested the abortion data for
Hastings and Prince Edward counties we were informed that data was flawed. The Abortion data is submitted by
clinics and hospitals on a voluntary basis and may be incomplete. In Eastern Ontario, almost all abortion services
are provided by hospitals. With amalgamations / changes in the hospital sector over the past 5 years, these
changes may have resulted in incomplete, irregular, or inaccurate reporting. Consequently, it would be
inappropriate to report on teen pregnancy rates until the corrected information is made available.
51
Health
Low Birth Rates
A low birth weight is considered to be any baby born with a weight less than 5.5 pounds/2500 grams. In Hastings
County the low birth rate per 100 live births was lower in 1997 (the most recent year for which data is available)
than in 1990. The rates for Prince Edward County are still higher though than those for Hastings. The relatively
good news is that rates in both counties began to decline in 1995. The following chart highlights the rates for the
two counties from 1990 to 1997.
Low Birth Weight Rates per 100 Live Births
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
PRINCE EDWARD
HASTINGS
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
4.33
4.82
4.14
5.47
9.76
5.45
7.09
5.51
5.24
6.67
5.56
5.96
5.24
5.76
3.66
5.45
“This indicator continues to present difficulties as the Community Development Council of Quinte has discovered a
number of inaccuracies between figures provided by the Registrar General and local sources. Epidemiologists in
Ontario have expressed concerns surrounding the filtering process used by the Registrar General, especially as it
relates to the residence of the birth mother and the location at which the birth occurred. This is an important issue
in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties as women experiencing premature or difficult births (including potential low
birth weights) are frequently transferred to hospitals located outside the region. As a result, additional study is
necessary before additional trends analysis can be undertaken.”80
80
Quality of Life Index Project, Progress and Setbacks in Quinte, 1990-1999, Community Development Council of Quinte, June 2000.
52
Health
Very Low Birth Weight
“Newborns weighing less than 2500 grams at birth are considered of low birth weight (LBW) and those under 1500
grams are considered of very low birth weight.”81 In Hastings County the percentage of all low birth weights less
than 1500 grams/3.3 pounds declined from 1992 to 1995 but were higher again in 1996 and 1997.
Percentage of all Low Birth Weights in Hastings County
Over and Under 1500 Grams
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
% of LBwt <1500gm 20.7%
% of LBwt >1500gm 79.3%
14.8%
85.2%
26.5%
73.5%
15.1%
84.9%
13.7%
86.3%
11.6%
88.4%
15.1%
84.9%
14.1%
85.9%
L. Traboulsee, Health Planner, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties District Health Council, December 1995.
81
53
Health
In Prince Edward County the percentage of all low birth weights less than 1500 grams was highest in 1997 after
completely falling off in 1995 and 1996.
Percentage of all Low Birth Weights in Prince Edward County
Over and Under 1500 Grams
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1990
1991
1992
% of LBwt <1500gm 23.1%
% of LBwt >1500gm 76.9%
9.1%
90.9%
16.7% 0.0% 35.7% 0.0% 0.0% 42.9%
83.3% 100.0% 64.3% 100.0% 100.0% 57.1%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
In the 1995 document, “Healthy People-Healthy Communities: How Healthy Are We?, A Community Health Profile of
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties” the following points were made about Low Birth Weights and are still relevant:
•
The proportion of low-weight births is the main determining factor of perinatal and infant mortality and
morbidity.
•
This indicator is influenced by human biology, age of the mother, physical and social environment factors as well
as by lifestyle and use of health services.
•
The proportion of newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams and full-term (37 weeks of gestation or more)
relative to all live births, is an indicator of the socioeconomic conditions in the community.
•
Perinatal mortality and morbidity are used as indicators of quality and availability of health care services.
•
Low birth weight (“LBW”) is recognized as a predictor and result of many adverse events and situations for
both women and children/adults.82
82
Ibid, page 72.
54
Health
Multiple Births & Premature Births
The CDC was unable to obtain specific data regarding multiple births (i.e. twins, triplets, etc.…) and premature
births in this region. These are also to be considered contributing factors to the number of low birth weights.
55
Health
Smoking:
While smoking has been linked to many health ailments and increased health care needs, there is a direct
relationship between smoking and lung disease.
Smokers as A Percentage of the Population by Age Breakdown and Gender
1998-1999
12 years and over
12-14 years 15–19 years 20–44 years 45–64 years 65 years and over
%
Canada
Both sexes2
Males
Females
Ontario
Both sexes
Males
Females
23
24
21
3
x
x
22
19
25
28
30
26
23
25
22
11
13
10
21
22
20
x
x
x
24
20
27
27
29
24
20
20
20
9
10
8
– Nil or zero.
x Data unavailable, not applicable or confidential.
1. Those reporting smoking daily.
2. Components may not add to total as sex was not stated for some respondents.
Source: Statistics Canada, Guide to health statistics at Statistics Canada., 2000
56
Health
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic lung condition characterized by difficulty in breathing. People with asthma have extremely
sensitive or hyper-responsive airways. The airways react by narrowing or obstructing when they become irritated.
This narrowing or obstruction results in difficulty breathing, can cause wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
chest tightness and is caused by airway inflammation (airways in the lungs become swollen and narrow) and/or
bronchoconstriction (muscles that encircle the airways tighten.) 83
Although Asthma can occur at any age, it is most common in children and occurs in roughly 7-10% of the pediatric
population. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease of children and accounts for roughly 25% of
school absenteeism.
In a recent school-based study84 of asthma sufferers aged 5-19 conducted in partnership with nine health
departments in Canada including one in Kingston, Ontario, it was reported that the most commonly reported asthma
triggers were: colds and chest infections (86%) ; exercise or sports (75%) ; pollen, flowers, grass, plants or trees
(58%); tobacco smoke (55%); dust (55%); cold air (53%); pets (47%); mold/mildew (33%) and outdoor air
pollution (32%). Equally important is the fact that of the 2986 students who participated in the in-depth survey,
more than half (55%) reported that tobacco smoke brought on their asthma or made it worse and yet, 48%
reported that they are regularly exposed to second- hand tobacco smoke, most often (35%) in their own homes.
Among the 13-19-year-old students with current asthma, 16% reported smoking cigarettes daily while eight per
cent reported that they smoked occasionally.
83
84
Source: The Lung Association
Childhood Asthma in Sentinel Health Units, Findings of the Student Lung Health Survey. 1995-1996
57
Health
Asthma Deaths
Roughly 20 children and 500 adults die each year in Canada from asthma.
It is estimated that “over half a million children 0-19 years of age in Canada suffer from asthma, and more than
60% of all hospital admissions due to asthma are for children in this age group. Studies have shown that much of
the asthma hospitalization and death can be prevented, and that effective asthma management by health care
providers, patients and their families can play a very important role in reducing suffering, hospitalization and death
due to asthma.”85
The following information on Asthma Deaths was obtained from Statistics Canada. It is a comparison of rates per
1,000 at the Health Unit and District Health Council areas to rates for Ontario and Canada.
Asthma Deaths Comparison 1995-1997 Average
Rates per 1,000
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
85
Total
Male
Female
Hastings and Prince Edward Public Health Unit
0.05
0.07
0.04
Quinte-Kingston and Rideau DHC
0.04
0.05
0.03
Ontario
0.05
0.06
0.04
Canada
0.06
0.09
0.05
Ibid
58
Health
Diabetes:
There are three types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas no longer produces insulin. Insulin provides sugar for energy.
Approximately 10 percent of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or utilises insulin in the way
the body requires. This is the most popular form of diabetes as 90 percent of people with diabetes have
type 2.
Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It affects two to four percent of
all pregnancies. It can affect both mother and fetus
Diabetes is a leading cause of death by disease. If it is left untreated or improperly managed, the high levels of
blood sugar associated with diabetes can slowly damage blood vessels in the body and can result in a variety of
complications including heart disease, adult blindness, erectile dysfunction, and kidney damage. 86
Aboriginal people and people of Asian, Hispanic, or African descent are at a higher risk of developing diabetes as
are individuals aged 45+ who are overweight.
The aging population in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, when coupled with trends indicating increasingly
sedentary lifestyles indicates the likelihood of increasing numbers of Diabetes diagnoses in the years to come.
86
Source: Canadian Diabetes Association, Fact Sheet.
59
Health
Determinants of Health:
The Community Development Council of Quinte believes that a health community is one in which all citizens have
access to a living environment that is physically, environmentally, economically, socially, and spiritually sustainable
now and for years to come.
Key determinants of health according to Health Canada’s Population Health Departments are:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Income and Social Status
Social Support Networks
Education
Employment & Working Conditions
Social Environments
Physical Environments
Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills
Healthy Child Development
Biology and Genetic Endowment
Health Services
Gender
Culture
While many items outlined above can be found elsewhere in the report, we believe the health of a community is also
determined by a community’s ability to sustain itself now and for the long-term.
60
Housing
1
Housing
Housing:
Housing is fundamental to individual well being and in Canada deemed a basic necessity. Demographics help us to
understand the depth and scope of the region’s ability to meet one of its most basic needs and to gain insight into
the issues facing residents as they strive toward meeting their own needs.
Total Number of
Households
Husband – Wife
Lone Parent
Other
Totals
Hastings County
1991
30 373
3 836
11 612
45 821
Hastings County
1996
31 285
4 780
12 180
48 245
change
+ 912
+ 944
+ 568
+2 424
Source: Zephyr v.2.5, Compusearch, Statistics Canada
Total Number of
Households
Husband – Wife
Lone Parent
Other
Totals
Prince Edward
1991
Prince Edward 1996
Change
6 086
6 630
+ 544
587
830
+ 243
1 996
8 669
2 085
9 545
+ 89
+ 876
Total Number of
Occupied Private
Dwellings
Hastings County
Totals
Rented
1991
Rented
1996
Change
14 846
15 525
+ 679
1 844
2 030
+ 186
16 690
17 555
+ 865
2
Housing
Total Number of Occupied
Private Dwellings
Owned
1991
Owned
1996
Change
Hastings County
30 981
32 895
+1 914
Totals
6 791
37 772
7 525
40 420
+ 734
+2 648
Average Value of
Occupied Dwellings
Hastings County
1991
1996
Change
$ 132 989.00
$ 121 521.00
- $11, 468
$ 160 173.00
$ 149 909.00
- $10, 264
Source: Zephyr v.2.5, Compusearch, Statistics Canada,
Average Gross Rent
Hastings County
1991
1996
$ 595.86
$ 559.00
$ 572.00
$ 555.90
Change
+ $23.86
+ $ 3.10
Average Rents –
Quinte
Bachelor
One Bedroom
Two Bedroom
Three Bedroom +
1997
$ 429.00
$ 545.00
$ 628.00
$ 725.00
1998
1999
$ 423.00
$ 540.00
$ 631.00
$ 693.00
$ 432.00
$ 550.00
$ 633.00
$ 723.00
Source: Canada Mortgage & Housing, Fast Fax,
1999, 2000
2000
$ 431.00
$ 551.00
$ 643.00
$ 738.00
Change
over 1997
+ $2.00
+ $6.00
+ $15.00
+ $13.00
Annual Rental Increase Guidelines
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
The Ministry of Municipal Affairs issues
guidelines each year for the amount by which
rents can be increased without application
and approval from the Ontario Rental Housing
Tribunal. These guidelines apply only to units
with existing tenancy agreements in place.
2.9 %
2.8 %
2.8 %
3.0 %
3.0 % 2.6 %
2.9 %
Source: Government of Ontario, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Information
Sheet: The Year 2001 Rent Increase Guideline, Fall 2000.
3
Housing
Total Number of Private Dwellings with High Shelter
Costs (>30% of gross income)
1991
1996
Change
Hastings County – renters
2 377
7 550
+ 5 173
Hastings County – owners
3 341
5 645
+ 2 304
Prince Edward County – renters
270
920
+ 650
Prince Edward County – owners
823
1 355
+ 532
6 811
15 470
+ 8 659
Percentage of Tenants in Hastings with high shelter costs
Percentage of Tenants in Prince Edward with high shelter
costs
Percentage of Tenants in Ontario with high shelter costs
16.01%
48.6%
+ 32.59 %
27.9%
N/A
45.3%
44.1%
+ 17.40 %
Percentage of Owners in Hastings with high shelter costs
10.78%
17.16%
+ 6.38 %
Percentage of Owners in Prince Edward with high shelter costs
12.11%
18.0%
+ 5.89 %
N/A
18.5%
Total in H/PE with high shelter costs
Percentage of Owners in Ontario with high shelter costs
Source: Zephyr v.2.5, Compusearch, Statistics Canada,
Community Social Planning Council of Toronto , 1999
The above chart indicates that the number of renters with shelter costs exceeding 30% of gross income has swelled
dramatically in the five years between Census. As a result, it is highly likely that the population for whom home
ownership will never materialize is on the rise. That being said, the number of homeowners paying in excess of 30%
has also increased. Consequently, with growing numbers of people struggling to meet their basic needs, it is highly
likely that communities will feel the impact. Increased tax defaults to municipalities is often one of the bi-products of
an individual’s inability to sustain him or herself in housing.
Vacancy Rates Quinte
Belleville Census Area
City of Belleville
City of Quinte West
Ontario
Canada
1998
6.8 %
4.7 %
12.1 %
n/a
n/a
1999
Change
5.8 %
3.4 %
11.8 %
2.1 %
2.6 %
-1%
- 1.3 %
- 0.3 %
-----
Source: Canada Mortgage & Housing, Fast Fax, 1999, 2000
4
2000
4.9 %
2.5 %
10.9 %
1.6 %
--------
Change Over
1999
-.9 %
- .9 %
- .9%
- .5 %
------------
Housing
Sample One Month Electrical
Costs
Residential
Belleville Region
* Ontario Hydro
375 kW.h
750 kW.h
2 000 kW.h
5 000 kW.h
$32.39
$46.53
$59.28
$76.60
$148.91
$176.85
$364.01
$417.45
6 kW
(6.6 kV.A)
750 kW.h
7 kW
(7.8 kV.A)
1 000 kW.h
20 kW
(22.2 kV.A)
5 000 kW.h
40 kW
(44.4 kV.A)
10 000 kW.h
$59.28
$ 77.21
$364.01
$ 722.51
* Ontario Hydro has a separate rate for Rural areas.
Source: Survey of Canadian Electricity Bills, Dec. 1999
General Electrical Service Rates
One month cost – Residential
Belleville Region
* Belleville Region serves a population of roughly 93,400 individuals.
Source: Survey of Canadian Electricity Bills, Dec. 1999
Electricity Costs
First 250 k Wh
Village of
Bancroft
Belleville
Quinte West
12.50
12.50
12.09
11.75
11.75
10.27
9.51
9.13
9.13
9.37
12.99
12.99
12.70
10.76
10.76
9.25
9.25
9.25
9.25
9.25
In cents
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Source: Bancroft Public Utilities Commission, Prince Edward Public Utilities Commission, Quinte West
Public Utilities Commission, Belleville Public Utilities Commission.
* Data for Centre Hastings/Deseronto was not available for this study. Water and Sewage Rates not
reviewed due to amalgamation of municipalities resulting in inconsistent data for comparative
analysis.
5
Housing
Electricity Costs
Each additional k Wh
Village of
Bancroft
Belleville
Quinte West
7.68
7.68
7.43
7.22
7.22
7.13
7.15
6.94
6.94
7.17
7.26
7.26
7.18
7.42
7.42
9.28
9.28
9.28
9.28
9.28
in cents
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Source: Bancroft Public Utilities Commission, Prince Edward Public Utilities
Commission, Quinte West Public Utilities Commission, Belleville Public Utilities
Commission.
Sample Base Shelter Costs –
Tenant Family of Four in Belleville
Average market rent - 2 bedroom apt in private dwelling.
Electrical (average 12,000 k Wh/annum)
Water Consumption (average 75,000 per annum)
GST on home heating/lights/water services
Total Base Housing Costs
(-minus maintenance/insurance)
Income Necessary to Meet 30 % of shelter costs
Monthly
$ 643.00
$ 77.2187
$ 17.9188
$ 7.61
Annually
$ 7,716.00
$ 926.52
$ 214.92
$ 91.32
$745.73
$8,948.76
$2,485.76
$29,829.16
Source: Canada Mortgage & Housing, Fast Fax, 2000; Belleville Utilities Commission, Stats Can.
The chart above, when overlaid with the economics of the region highlighted previously in the report, indicates that
Quinte area residents are without the economic means to meet their basic shelter costs. Previous studies indicate
that when this occurs, residents are likely to subsidize their shelter costs with money budgeted for food.89
87
Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science & Technology reports “typical house” uses 12,000 k Wh of electricity annually. To determine a monthly bill, 12,000
k Wh were divided by number of months. First 250 k Wh billed at 9.37 cents, balance at 7.17 cents.
Belleville Utilities Commission estimates an average family of four uses 75,000 gallons of water annually. To calculate bill, 75,000 was divided by
number of months. That figure was divided by 1000 in order to reflect billing per 1000 gallons. Average consumption cost was determined by averaging
the Winter billing at $2.77 per 1000 gallons with the Summer billing of $2.96 per 1000 gallons in order to establish a blended average fee.
88
89
Task Force on Hunger: Hunger in Belleville, Community Development Council of Quinte, 1992.
6
Housing
Social Housing in Hastings County:
There are four types of social housing. They are: non-profit housing, co-operative housing, public housing, and
private rent supplement.
In Ontario, there are more than 275,000 households that rely upon social housing in order to meet their housing
and accommodation needs90. 2, 164 of those households are located in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties.
The following chart indicates the range and quantity of social housing in the region:
900
800
Non-Profit Families
700
Non-Profit Seniors
600
Co-operative Housing
Families
Public Housing Families
Public Housing Seniors
Rent Supplement
500
400
300
200
100
0
90
Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association, October 1999
7
Housing
Across Ontario, the most common form of social housing is non-profit where roughly 80% of tenants are individuals
living on a low income. They pay 30 % of their household income for rent. The other 20% of tenants in non-profit
housing pay market rents. In Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, however, the majority of social housing is geared
to seniors through public housing. Public housing is owned by the Ontario government through the Ontario Housing
Corporation and is managed by a local housing authority. (Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Housing Authority).
All tenants of public housing pay 30% of their income toward rent.
Prior to 1998, the federal and provincial governments shared the cost of social housing in Ontario. In 1998 the
Government of Ontario commenced action to download responsibility for social housing to municipal governments.
As a result, municipal governments will become responsible for the provincial portion of federal/provincial costsharing programs. At the same time, the federal government is in the process of negotiating with the provincial
government to transfer federal responsibilities for the administration of non-profit and other social housing to the
province. If this occurs, the province will download the responsibility to municipalities as well.
8
Housing
Public Housing Waiting Lists:
Public Housing Waiting Lists
40.0
32.7
25.1
30.0
17.4
20.0
15.1
10.0
0.0
1991
1997
1998
1999
The chart outlines the number of people as a rate per 10,000 awaiting admittance to public housing facilities in the
region. 91 Although housing providers in the region have streamlined the way in which housing waiting lists are
administered, discrepancies exist in the reporting of that information to the Ontario Government and information
reported by the Ontario Government. In light of the information revealed through the economics of the region and
that highlighted above, it is highly likely that the need for public and social housing will increase dramatically within
the region.
Independent Living & Assisted Housing:
Throughout the region there are also programs for communities of common interest for which community-based
housing is available. This is true of Associations for Community Living, (in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties there
are three Associations for Community Living – North Hastings Community Integration Association, Trenton & District
Association for Community Living, and Prince Edward Association for Community Living). Pathways to Independence,
Plainfield Homes, and Youthabilitation Quinte Inc. also operate Independent Living Programs as does Quinte Region
Community Homes and Community Visions and Networking.
91 Source data: Ontario Ministry of Housing and Municipal Affairs, 2000.
9
Housing
Collectively, the chart below92 demonstrates the number of individuals involved with independent and/or assisted
housing in the region. This does not include individuals accessing emergency housing as a result of violence in the
home such as those individuals involved with the Three Oaks Foundation, Alternatives to Family Abuse, Maggie’s
Resource Centre - Tamarack, Centre Hastings Safe Environments Program, or Red Cedars Shelter.
Individuals Involved With Assisted And
Independent Living in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties
700
600
Plainfield
500
Quinte Community Homes
400
North Hastings
Prince Edward
300
Trenton
Pathways
200
Youthab
100
0
92
94/95
95/96
96/97
97/98
98/99
99/2000
* Prince Edward averaged 1995 - 1998. * North Hastings averaged 1995 – 1998, Plainfield averaged 1995 - 1998
10
Housing
Homelessness:
Over the past eighteen months, much work has been done to address the growing problem of homelessness in the
region. In May 1999, the Mayor’s Task Force on Hunger and Poverty commissioned a report, funded by HRDC,
which aimed to identify the depth and scope of homelessness in Hastings County. Because their samplings were
limited, they did not necessarily determine how pervasive the problem is, they did however identify a number of
issues that contribute to homelessness in the region. Among them: income insecurity, unemployment or underemployment, education levels, physical/mental health needs, addictions, and family break-down. From the report, a
number of recommendations were made, some of which are currently in the implementation stage, namely, the
establishment of a rent bank, the hiring of a housing advocate, and increased co-ordination amongst a limited
number of emergency service providing organizations. At the same time, the report is largely anecdotal and cannot
be construed as reflecting the true needs of individuals at risk of homelessness, nor those currently experiencing
homelessness.
Rather, through strategic investment in community, service organizations have responded to the issue of
homelessness in a variety of ways. A web-site, established by the Hastings Housing Resource Centre, reports more
than 16,000 “hits” per month. Sub-offices of the Resource Centre were established in North Hastings and Centre
Hastings where 64 individuals and 103 individuals respectively deemed homeless or “critical” were served. In
Quinte, 266 individuals deemed homeless or critical accessed services through a partnership established between
Quinte Community Homes, the Salvation Army and Ontario Works, an increase of 500% over 1998.
11
Housing
Housing & Youth:
Youth Habilitation Quinte Inc. provides a co-operative housing program throughout the region. As such, thirteen
houses located throughout Hastings and Prince Edward Counties are administered for transition and cooperative
housing for youth. Within cooperative housing, a variety of services are provided to young people, many of whom
are living on their own for the very first time. The following chart describes the use of co-operative housing
programs by youth through Youth Habilitation Quinte Inc.
Housing Support Services:
Youth Habilitation Quinte also administers and delivers the Housing Resource Centre in Hastings County. Through
the Housing Resource Centre, prospective tenants are provided with access to an electronic and hard copy housing
registry. Landlord and tenant advocacy and educational materials are also distributed through the Housing
Resource Centre.
12
Housing
Emergency Housing:
Just as the Mayor’s Task Force on Hunger and Poverty had been studying and working toward coordinating services
in response to the issue of homelessness so have they been working to address the emergency housing needs of
residents in Hastings & Prince Edward Counties.
Statistics pertaining to the community’s response to Emergency Housing are incomplete at this time, in part, due to
the fact that statistics are not kept uniformly across the region, and were not shared by Emergency Housing
providers for use in this study. The largest number of requests for Emergency Housing Services in the region is to
Hastings County Ontario Works who in partnership with the Salvation Army, Quinte Region Community Homes, and
Youthabilitation Quinte Inc., provide temporary and emergency housing services.
In the year 2000, the federal government announced an investment of over $400,000 to be used to address the
problem of homelessness in the region. The fund, administered through Human Resources Canada, aims to bring
together community partners in order to facilitate ‘local solutions to the local problem of homelessness and to
establish supports aimed at providing supports to the homeless population.’ Three applications were submitted for
financial support from local service providing organizations to access these funds. Approval for two of the three
projects was announced in February 2001.
13
Transportation and Road Safety:
1
When considering Transportation and Road Safety we thought it important to research as many elements of this
area as possible. Information regarding Collisions and Motor Vehicle Registrations were obtained from the Ontario
Road Safety Annual Reports (ORSARs) produced by the Safety Research Office-Safety Policy Branch of the Ministry
of Transportation. We reviewed the ORSARs for the years 1993 through 1997. 1997 is the most recent report
produced by the Safety Research Office. 1996 Census data for Mode of Transportation as well as Annual Gasoline
Prices from 1990 to 2000 were obtained through Statistics Canada. Further details and comments regarding the
tax portion of gasoline prices were obtained from the websites for the Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science and
Technology and the Ontario Legislative Library. Data pertaining to Transit Ridership within the City of Belleville was
supplied by Belleville Transit. Tom Dann, Head Air Toxics, Analysis and Air Quality Division of Environment Canada
also contributed to this segment by providing us with the “Backgrounder on Particulate Matter and Ozone”
produced by the Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment.
"
"
"
Strengths
Transit ridership in Belleville has
increased between the years 1998 and
2000.
The number of collisions on area roads
decreased steadily between 1993 and
1997 in both Hastings and Prince Edward
Counties, indicating that, indeed, Quinte
roadways are becoming safer.
The number of collisions on Provincial
Highways in this region is on the decline.
Weaknesses
r Belleville is the only community with a
public transit system in the region
resulting in an increased use in personal
Motor Vehicles in other areas of the two
Counties. Motor Vehicle usage leads to
an increase in emissions, which have
been linked to adverse health conditions
such as asthma and chronic Bronchitis.
r Property damage from Collisions has
increased steadily in the region and has
exceeded Ontario averages from 19951997.
r The percentage of collisions resulting in
deaths is higher in both Prince Edward and
Hastings County compared to all of Ontario
r Gasoline prices have risen more than 26
cents per litre since January of 1999.
2
General Observations:
Although the number of collisions on local roadways is on the decline, the percentage of these collisions that result
in death is higher in Hastings and Prince Edward Counties than the Ontario average. There has been concern
expressed in the local media that the 401 Corridor between Deseronto and Brighton is an area in which a high
number of accidents have occurred in the past few years.
Gasoline prices have risen by 23 cents per litre in the last 19 months. The City of Belleville is the only community in
the region with a local transportation system. Reliance on automobiles in the other areas is not an option and the
rising cost of gasoline will economically impact the hardest on those already living in poverty in this region.
3
Motor Vehicles:
In Hastings County the number of registered motor vehicles decreased from 1994-1996 but increased in 1997. In
Prince Edward County the number of vehicles increased at a constant rate from 1993-1997.
Motor Vehicle Registrations in
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties 1993-1997
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
PRINCE EDWARD
17,282
17,559
17,613
17,615
17,846
HASTINGS
88,698
88,973
88,785
88,046
89,051
HASTINGS
PRINCE EDWARD
If we view the total motor vehicle registrations as a percentage of the total population we discover that there are
more vehicles in both counties than the provincial average. It is also apparent that there are more registered motor
vehicles per population in Prince Edward County than in Hastings County.
4
Motor Vehicle Registrations as a Percentage of the Total Population 1993-1997
70.0%
68.0%
66.0%
64.0%
62.0%
60.0%
58.0%
56.0%
54.0%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
PRINCE EDWARD
69.1%
69.6%
69.1%
68.6%
68.9%
HASTINGS
68.3%
68.2%
68.0%
67.2%
67.8%
ONTARIO
61.2%
61.1%
60.6%
60.1%
60.5%
Compared to the total number of Motor Vehicle Registrations as a Percentage of the Driving Age Population (16+)
Hastings County has more registered vehicles than Prince Edward County. Both Counties, however, are higher than
the Ontario average:
Motor Vehicle Registrations as a Percentage of the Driving Age Population 1993-1997
88.0%
86.0%
84.0%
82.0%
80.0%
78.0%
76.0%
74.0%
72.0%
70.0%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
PRINCE EDWARD
86.4%
87.1%
86.5%
85.3%
85.2%
HASTINGS
87.6%
87.3%
87.0%
86.1%
86.6%
ONTARIO
78.4%
78.3%
77.7%
77.0%
77.5%
5
All of this data suggests, that given the large rural areas of both counties, most people rely upon their motor vehicle
as the major source of transportation. We reviewed the 1996 census data and found that this was indeed the case
when we studied the methods of transportation used by employed persons to travel to their place of work:
Public transit
2%
Walked to work
7%
Bicycle
1%
Other (Taxi, Motorcyle, etc.)
1%
Car, truck, van as passenger
8%
Car, truck, van as driver
81%
1996 Employed Hastings County Residents:
Percentage by Mode of Transportation to Place of Work
6
Public transit
0%
Car, truck, van as passenger
8%
Walked to work
5%
Bicycle
Other (Taxi, Motorcyle, etc.)
1%
1%
85%
1996 Employed Prince Edward County Residents:
Public Transportation:
In Hastings County 89% of all employed residents reported using automobiles as their main source of transportation
to work as either a driver or passenger. Only 7% said they walked to work and a very minimal 2% responded that
they used some form of public transit (other than taxicab).
In Prince Edward County 93% of all employed residents reported using automobiles as their main source of
transportation with 5% responding they walked to work. With no public transportation within Prince Edward County,
other than taxicabs, it is clear why there were no responses regarding use of public transportation. There was a bus
that operated a shuttle service between Picton and Belleville but this service was discontinued in early 1999.
Currently the only community with a public transit system in the two counties is the City of Belleville. The
implementation of a public transportation system in Quinte West, and to the North has long been a topic of debate.
Recently, in Quinte West, a local bus service initiated a public transit system, only to find itself in contravention of
several public processes. Consequently, the service was canceled. In North Hastings, the United Way of Quinte
sponsored the development of a workgroup to commence a study aimed at pooling transit resources within the
region. The same is currently underway in Centre Hastings. In 1996, however, only 4% of Census respondents
noted that they used public transportation to get to work. 83% utilized automobiles while those who walked to work
comprised 10%, and 2% reported utilizing bicycles.
7
1996 Employed Belleville Residents:
Car, truck, van as
passenger
9%
Public transit
4%
Other method
(Motorcycle, Taxicab,
etc..)
1%
Bicycle
Walked to work
2%
10%
74%
Particulate Matter and Motor Vehicle Emissions:
The dependency on personal Motor Vehicles in both Hastings and Prince Edward Counties as the major
transportation source for most of the population may eventually lead to increases in such adverse health effects as
Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis. The Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has been lobbying
for a Canada-wide standard on Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone which have been linked to these serious health
effects as well as Premature Death:
“PM refers to microscopic solid and liquid particles that remain
suspended in the air for some time. Particles give smog its colour
and affect visibility. Ground-level ozone is a colourless gas that
forms just above the earth's surface.
8
Extensive scientific studies indicate that there are significant health
and environmental effects associated with these pollutants. PM and
ozone are linked to serious health effects such as chronic bronchitis,
asthma, and premature death. PM2.5 (one of the measurements of
Particulate Matter) has been recognized to have the potential for
the greatest health effect on a larger segment of the general
population.
Other effects of these pollutants include reduced visibility in the case
of PM, and crop damage and greater vulnerability to disease in some
tree species in the case of ozone.”93
The CCME reports further that Particulate Matter and Ground-level Ozone have been directly linked to automobile
emissions:
“Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant because it is produced
by chemical reactions of two primary precursor pollutants: nitrogen
oxides (NOx ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PM can be
both a primary pollutant and a secondary pollutant. Primary particles
are emitted directly into the atmosphere (e.g., windblown dust and
soil, pollen, automobile and industrial exhausts or emissions).”94
CCME has also identified Southern Ontario as one of the trouble spots when it comes to PM. “PM2.5 concentrations
are generally higher in southern Ontario in the summer, while, in western Canada, high PM2.5 levels can occur in
early fall and winter. The Windsor-Quebec Corridor is the region of Canada most frequently and seriously affected by
high ozone concentrations.”95
“Backgrounder on Particulate Matter and Ozone”, Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment, 1998.
Ibid.
95 Ibid.
93
94
9
Transit Ridership:
Transit ridership within the City of Belleville has only recently seen an increase. Prior to 1999 the annual ridership
declined by 13.08% from 1995 to 1998. Belleville Transit provided the following table that details Total Ridership
from 1995-2000:
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1999
2000
Total Ridership
658,581
603,223
594,452
572,384
613,386
165,458
179,975
Service
Weekday – ½ hour service to 11:45 p.m.
Saturday – ½ hour service to 11:45 p.m.
Night Service cut back to 9:45 p.m.
(hourly service from 6:20 p.m. – 9:45 p.m.)
Saturday service cut back to 7:15 p.m.
(hourly service from 6:20 a.m. – 9:20 a.m.½ hour service 9:20 a.m. – 7:15 p.m.)
Ridership experienced a growth
of 7.16% in 1999 and 8.77% for
January to March 2000 over the
same 3 month period for 1999.
This increase coincided with
dramatic increases in Gasoline
prices from 1999 to 2000.
During January-March 1999
gasoline prices were relatively
stable but dramatically increased
by 6 cents per litre starting in
April of 1999. By May of 2001
the Cents Per Litre price of
Unleaded Gasoline had risen
26.7 cents from the price in
January of 1999.
Decrease 8.40% over 1995
Sept. 1997 – Terminal at 165 Pinnacle St. opened. All
routes depart from terminal at 10 to the hours, and 20
after the hour.
Decrease 1.45% over 1996
Decrease 3.71% over 1997 – Same Service Level as
1997
Increase 7.16% over 1998 – Same Service Level as
1998 – Bus goes to Walmart via Route 8
Jan – March
Jan – March – increase 8.77% over 1999
Source: Belleville Transit
10
Gasoline Prices:
The cost of operating a motor vehicle has always been one of the factors that affect the use of vehicles. Indeed, the
rising price of gasoline has been one of the noteworthy news items within the past few years. Federal and provincial
tax rates are an important component of the price of fuel at the pump. “Between 1980 and 1985, there was a
doubling of the average tax on a litre of gasoline. By 1995, the tax on a litre totaled 26 cents or an increase of 76%
over 1986. Currently, the tax on a litre of gasoline is 29 cents.”96
Source: Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology
“Fuel taxes were originally introduced to promote energy efficiency, reduce congestion and pay for transportation
infrastructure. In the 1970's they were regarded as a tool to protect consumers from crude-oil price swings as
policymakers took deliberate steps to make it more difficult for OPEC to hurt their economies. The 1995 federal
budget imposed a gasoline surtax to help pay down the federal deficit. The cost of Fuel/Fuel Taxes have been the
cause of much debate of late. In addition to Trucker Protests across Canada, proposals have been put forward by
various political parties and advocates to rescind the 1.5 cents-a-litre excise tax imposed by the federal government
in 1995 since the government is now in a surplus position. In all, this would provide a 3.3 cents-a-litre saving to
consumers.”97
96
97
Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology Website, http://www.est.gov.on.ca/english/index.html
Ontario Legislative Library
11
The following chart highlights the dramatic fluctuation in the monthly average price of unleaded gasoline in 1995,
1999, 2000, and the first half of 2001:
Average Monthly Unleaded Gasoline Prices
Cents Per Litre 1995, 1999, 2000, & 2001
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
1995
51.2
52.6
52.7
54.6
57.8
57.4
55.3
53.5
54.9
53.6
50.2
52.8
1999
50.4
48.9
52.6
56.0
54.4
53.7
56.5
63.2
63.6
63.7
63.4
65.8
2000
65.3
68.0
74.0
67.6
71.1
75.5
72.0
70.0
74.9
76.3
76.7
73.0
2001
72.3
69.7
65.6
73.3
77.9
12
Road Safety:
There have been fewer collisions on area roads from 1993 to 1997 according to the Road Safety Annual Reports for
those years. The following charts exhibit the decline of the total collisions and the number of collisions as a
percentage of total registered motor vehicles.
MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS IN HASTINGS & PRINCE EDWARD COUNTIES 1993 - 1997
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
HASTINGS COUNTY
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2,907
2,696
2,676
2,565
2,591
474
484
467
453
432
13
The disturbing news revealed in our research is that collisions resulting in death are higher than the provincial
average in this region with Prince Edward County ranking worse than Hastings County and Ontario.
PERCENTAGE OF ALL COLLISIONS RESULTING IN DEATHS 1993-1997
1.60%
1.40%
1.20%
1.00%
0.80%
0.60%
0.40%
0.20%
0.00%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
ONTARIO
0.50%
0.44%
0.46%
0.43%
0.41%
HASTINGS COUNTY
0.65%
0.74%
0.67%
0.62%
0.73%
1.48%
0.83%
1.28%
1.10%
0.93%
14
Viewing these numbers as a percentage of total registered motor vehicles allows for more accuracy in noting trends.
If the number of registered motor vehicles increases at the same time as the number of collisions decreases then it
is accurate to say that our roads are becoming safer.
TOTAL COLLISIONS AS A PERCENTAGE OF REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES 1993-1997
4.00%
3.50%
3.00%
2.50%
2.00%
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
ONTARIO
3.62%
3.54%
3.40%
3.33%
3.36%
HASTINGS COUNTY
3.28%
3.03%
3.01%
2.91%
2.91%
2.74%
2.76%
2.65%
2.57%
2.42%
15
Personal injuries resulting from collisions began to improve in the two counties with declining injuries from 1993 to
1996 in both counties. In 1997 however there was a slight increase in both counties regarding injuries whereas the
Ontario percentage decreased.
PERCENTAGE OF ALL COLLISIONS RESULTING IN PERSONAL INJURY 1993-1997
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
ONTARIO
39.83%
39.66%
40.88%
41.13%
38.61%
HASTINGS COUNTY
42.76%
41.14%
39.61%
36.10%
37.09%
29.32%
29.75%
31.69%
29.58%
31.71%
16
The amount of property damage resulting from collisions has followed a trend similar to that of deaths wherein local
rates are higher than the provincial rates:
PERCENTAGE OF ALL COLLISIONS RESULTING IN PROPERTY DAMAGE
IN HASTINGS & PRINCED EDWARD COUNTIES
82.00%
80.00%
78.00%
76.00%
74.00%
72.00%
70.00%
68.00%
66.00%
1993
ONTARIO
1994
1995
HASTINGS COUNTY
1996
1997
The 1997 percentage saw a decline in the rising trend in Prince Edward County as well as a slight decrease in
Hastings County.
17
How Safe Are Our Provincial Highways?
One of the concerns that has arisen in the past few years pertains to safety on our Provincial Highways. There has
been a concern expressed that the 401 corridor between Deseronto and Brighton is an area where a high number
of collisions seem to occur. The Road Safety Annual Reports actually highlight the fact that the number of collisions
on Provincial Highways are on the decline.
YEAR
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
COLLISIONS ON PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS
ONTARIO
HASTINGS
48,275
799
48,895
739
46,365
795
46,867
686
41,947
676
PRINCE EDWARD
113
118
97
131
98
The real story is in examining the percentage of these collisions that result in death or personal injury. The following
two charts illustrate how local percentages are actually higher than provincial averages:
PERCENTAGE OF COLLISIONS ON PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS
RESULTING IN DEATH
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
1993
ONTARIO
1994
1995
1996
HASTINGS COUNTY
1997
18
The percentage of collisions resulting in death shows a trend that is higher in Prince Edward than Hastings. Both
exceed the provincial averages.
The percentage of collisions resulting in personal injury was higher in Hastings than the Ontario average. Prince
Edward spiked higher than both Hastings and Ontario in 1997.
PERCENTAGE OF COLLISIONS ON PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS
RESULTING IN PERSONAL INJURY
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
1993
ONTARIO
1994
1995
1996
HASTINGS COUNTY
1997
19
In order to determine if the Provincial Highways in this area are less safe than other roads and streets we compared
the Provincial Highway data to data for other thoroughfares in select areas of the two counties:
MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS FOR SELECT AREAS
IN HASTINGS & PRINCE EDWARD COUNTIES 1993-1997
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS IN HASTINGS
COUNTY
799
739
795
686
676
BELLEVILLE
993
907
883
776
764
TRENTON
315
302
295
280
226
BANCROFT
48
63
58
64
54
PICTON
83
83
75
68
67
PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS IN PRINCE
EDWARD COUNTY
113
118
97
131
98
There were more collisions in the City of Belleville than there were on Provincial Highways in all of Hastings County.
20
When we compared these same areas for percentage of collisions that resulted in personal injuries or death it was
apparent that the collisions on provincial highways resulted in more personal injuries or death.
PERCENTAGE OF COLLISIONS RESULTING IN DEATH
FOR SELECT AREAS IN HASTINGS & PRINCE EDWARD COUNTIES
2.50%
2.25%
2.00%
1.75%
1.50%
1.25%
1.00%
0.75%
0.50%
0.25%
0.00%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
COUNTY
1.75%
1.62%
1.64%
1.17%
1.33%
BELLEVILLE
0.00%
0.11%
0.11%
0.13%
0.13%
TRENTON
0.32%
0.00%
0.00%
0.36%
0.00%
EDWARD COUNTY
0.88%
1.69%
0.00%
2.29%
2.04%
21
Collisions on Provincial Highways in Prince Edward County resulted in more personal injuries in 1996 and more
deaths in 1996 and 1997 than in previous years.
PERCENTAGE OF COLLISIONS RESULTING IN PERSONAL INJURIES
FOR SELECT AREAS IN HASTINGS & PRINCE EDWARD COUNTIES
60.00%
55.00%
50.00%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
COUNTY
56.95%
53.32%
51.70%
46.94%
44.08%
BELLEVILLE
32.53%
35.28%
36.01%
32.09%
31.28%
TRENTON
44.76%
34.77%
30.17%
31.07%
35.40%
BANCROFT
22.92%
34.92%
18.97%
25.00%
50.00%
PICTON
30.12%
27.71%
30.67%
27.94%
7.46%
EDWARD COUNTY
36.28%
30.51%
36.08%
24.43%
50.00%
We could not access specific information regarding the Deseronto to Brighton 401 corridor to determine if this
indeed is an unsafe stretch of roadway. MTO only reports data as collisions occurring on Provincial Highways in all
townships and does not distinguish on which Provincial Highway the collisions occurred.
22
The Environment:
1
The Environment:
The Environment:
“Canadians have long recognized that a clean and healthy environment is essential to maintaining and enhancing
our quality of life; to our health today; and to our children’s future.”
- Lyle Vanclief, M.P., P.C.98
Prince Edward County covers a land area of 1,048 square kilometres. Within this land area there are 14
Conservation areas, 3 Provincial Parks, one National Wildlife Area, and one Provincial Wildlife area. The map on the
next page pinpoints the location of each.
98
Member of Parliament Prince Edward – Hastings, Federal Minister of Agriculture & Agri-Food
2
The Environment:
Conservation Areas:
C9
C11
C13
C15
C17
C19
C22
Source: Official Quinte Conservation Website: http://www.pec.on.ca/conservation
Massassauga Point
Milford Mill Pond
Macaulay
Mountain/Bird House
City
Bloomfield Mill Pond
Whitney Memorial Dam
Allisonville
Rutherford Stevens
Lookout
C10
C12
C14
Beaver Meadow
Little Bluff
Demorestville Dam
C16
C18
C21
C23
Harry Smith
Consecon Mill Dam
McFarland
Sunset Lookout
Prince Edward Point National Wildlife Area:
Covering 560 Hectares, a variety of habitats in this NWA support a diversity of wildlife. Spectacular numbers of
migrating passerine birds concentrate at the northeastern tip of this NWA during the spring and fall. It is a major
migration route for owls, especially saw-whet owls. Monarch butterflies and dragonflies also concentrate here in
large numbers. One of the largest concentrations of eastern garter snakes in southeastern Ontario can be found
here. Large numbers of diving ducks (especially scaup and oldsquaw) can be seen in the waters of Lake Ontario
adjacent to the NWA during spring and fall migration.
3
The Environment:
This NWA is for day use only, with no open fires. No camping or hunting is permitted. Washroom facilities are
located at the harbour. There is also a Day Use area with gravel beach at the east tip. Prince Edward Point Bird
Observatory monitors migrating songbirds at the harbour area.
Point Petre Provincial Wildlife Area:
Situated on Crown Land on the southern most tip of Prince Edward County this Wildlife Area spans approximately
400 acres. It features a series of waterfowl ponds created by Ducks Unlimited and offers a day use picnic area. The
area also offers hiking and hunting opportunities. Wynne Thomas, a member of the group “Friends of Point Petre”
spoke with us about Point Petre and noted that his group has been working closely with the Ministry of Natural
Resources to ensure cleanup and maintenance of the area.
4
The Environment:
Wetlands:
Prince Edward County also boasts and abundance of wetlands. Wetlands are one of nature's ways of making water
pure. Artificially built or 'constructed' wetlands mimic nature by protecting groundwater from contamination. The
following map pinpoints the location of the various wetlands in Prince Edward County.
Source: www.marshlands.com
1. Albury Swamp
4. Huyck’s Bay Swamp
7. South Bay Marsh
2. Dead Creek Mash
5. Salmon Point Wetland
8. Big Sand Bay Wetland
5
3. Lake Consecon Marsh
6. Soup Harbour Wetland
9. Lake on the Mountain Swamp
The Environment:
10. North Port Swamp
13. Sawguin Creek Wetland
16. Big Swamp/Little Swamp
Complex
19. Black Creek Wetland
22. Weller’s Bay Wetland Complex
11. Robinson’s Cove Marsh
14. Big Island Marsh
17. Bloomfield Creek Wetland
12. Pine Point Wetland
15. Fish Lake Wetland
18. West Lake Wetlands
20. Cressy Swamp
23. Carrying Place Marsh
21. East Lake Marsh
The following information regarding the wetlands in Prince Edward County was obtained from www.marshlands.com:
Albury Swamp:
The Albury Swamp is one of the most unique swamps in Prince Edward County. The swamp is privately owned by
several landowners and covers an area of 397 hectares (ha). The provincially significant Long-eared Owl has been
observed in Albury Swamp. Albury Swamp is also well known for its Great Blue Heron nesting site. Albury Swamp has
been designated as both provincially and regionally significant.
Dead Creek Marsh:
Dead Creek Marsh is a large wetland covering an area of 359 ha that boarders the Murray Canal. Several
provincially significant species have been noted in this wetland area including the Least Bittern, Black-crowned Night
Heron, Black Terns, and Greater Black-backed Gulls. The Double-crested Cormorant, a regionally significant species,
has also been observed in this wetland. Dead Creek Marsh has been designated provincially significant due to the
varied wildlife habitat it contains.
Lake Consecon Marsh:
Lake Consecon Marsh covers an area of 189 ha around the western shores of the lake. The Marsh Wren, Sedge
Wren, Common Tern, and Black Tern are provincially significant bird species that have been observed in this wetland.
Two regionally significant species, the Green Heron and Blandings Turtle, have also been seen in this marsh.
6
The Environment:
The Huyck's Bay Swamp:
The Huyck's Bay Swamp covers an area of 245 ha around Huyck's Bay in the southwestern part of Prince Edward
County. Provincially significant bird species that have been observed in this wetland include the Black Tern and
Marsh Wren.
The Salmon Point Wetland:
The Salmon Point Wetland covers an area of 72 ha. This wetland and the Soup Harbour Wetland are the only two
wetlands in Prince Edward County with almost no human disturbance. The Marsh Hawk and Black Crowned Night
Heron are provincially significant species observed in this wetland. Regionally significant species that have been
seen in this wetland include the Green Heron and Swamp Sparrow.
Soup Harbour Wetland:
The Soup Harbour Wetland covers an area of 69 ha. This wetland and the Salmon Point wetland are the only two
wetlands in Prince Edward County with almost no human disturbance. The Marsh Hawk, a provincially significant bird
species, has been observed in this wetland. The regionally significant Green Heron and Swamp Sparrow have also
been seen in this wetland.
The South Bay Marsh:
The South Bay Marsh covers 62 ha at the southern tip of South Bay. The Narrow-leafed Water Plantain (Alisma
gramineum) is a provincially significant plant species that is found in this wetland. Provincially significant bird species
observed in this wetland include the Sedge Wren, Common Tern, and Black Tern. The Common Loon and Lesser
Scaup are regionally significant species that have been seen in this wetland.
The Big Sand Bay:
The Big Sand Bay Wetland covers an area of 122 ha and is a regionally significant staging area for waterfowl. Many
provincially significant bird species have been observed in this area including the Cormorant, Marsh Hawk, Piedbilled Grebe, Marsh Wren, Black Tern, Red Knot, Least Bittern, Northern Pintail, Northern Shoveler, Black-bellied
Plover, and Whimbrel. Four different types of provincially significant Sandpipers, the White-rumped Sandpiper, Bands
Sandpiper, Pectoral Sandpiper, and Stilt Sandpiper, have been observed in this wetland. The Map Turtle, Blandings
Turtle, Green Winged Teal, Green Heron, and Swamp Sparrow are regionally significant species that have been seen
in this area.
7
The Environment:
The Lake on the Mountain Swamp:
The Lake on the Mountain Swamp covers an area of 140 ha along the shores of Lake on the Mountain. Provincially
significant species that have been observed at Lake on the Mountain Swamp include the Northern Harrier, Jefferson
Salamander, and Yellow-spotted Salamander.
Northport Swamp:
Northport Swamp is located along the shore of the Bay of Quinte and covers an area of 27.3 ha. There are no
known provincially, regionally, or locally significant species in this wetland.
Robinson's Cove Marsh:
Robinson's Cove Marsh is located on the northwest side of Big Island and covers an area of 9.6 ha. Provincially
significant bird species found in Robinson's Cove Marsh include the Black Tern, Horned Grebe, Great Black-backed
Gull, and Caspian Tern. There are two provincially significant plant species in this marsh, the Narrow-leafed Water
Plantain (Alisma gramineum) and Small Beggar's Ticks (Bidens discoidea). The regionally significant Floating-leafed
Burrweed (Sparganium fluctuans) also grows in this wetland.
Pine Point Wetland:
The Pine Point Wetland covers an area of 26 ha along the shore of the Bay of Quinte. The Provincially significant
bird species the Caspian Tern has been observed in this wetland.
Sawguin Creek Wetland:
The Sawguin Creek Wetland is the largest wetland in Prince Edward County and covers an area of 2093 ha. The
Sawguin Creek Wetland extends from south of Rednersville to Massassauga Point and is easily viewed from Hwy. 62.
The Arrow Arum is a provincially significant plant species found in this wetland. Provincially significant bird species of
the Sawguin Creek Wetland include the Caspian Tern, Black Tern, and Least Bittern. The regionally significant
Double-crested Cormorant has also been noted in the Sawguin Creek Wetland.
Big Island Marsh:
Big Island Marsh covers 858 ha and is the third largest wetland in Prince Edward County. It has been designated as
both provincially and regionally significant and is an important nesting and feeding area for many birds. Provincially
significant plant species found in Big Island Marsh include the Arrow Arum and the Narrow-leafed Water Plantain.
Provincially significant bird species include the Black Tern, King Rail, Short-eared Owl, Caspian Tern, Least Bittern,
Marsh Wren, and Sharp-tailed Sparrow. The Double-crested Cormorant also seen at Big Island Marsh is a regionally
significant bird species.
8
The Environment:
Fish Lake Wetland:
The Fish Lake Wetland covers an area of 492 ha and is a combination of both marsh and swamp. There are both
provincially and regionally significant species found in this wetland. Provincially significant bird species include the
Caspian Tern, Black Tern, Least Bittern, and American Coot. Peltandra virginica is a provincially significant plant
species found in this wetland. Osprey, Barred Owl, and the Dark-eyed Junco are among the regionally significant bird
species found in the Fish Lake Wetland.
Big Swamp/Little Swamp Complex:
The Big Swamp/Little Swamp Complex is the second largest wetland area in Prince Edward County and covers an
area of 1981 ha. The vegetation in the swamps is mainly deciduous trees such as maple and ash. The Big
Swamp/Little Swamp Complex is noted for the provincially significant bird species the Northern Harrier and the Marsh
Wren. The provincially significant Blue Spotted Salamander has also been observed in these swamps. Regionally
significant species include the Green-backed Heron, the Blandings Turtle, the Eastern Newt, the Smooth Green
Snake, and the Northern Brown Snake. An unusual geological feature of the Big Swamp/Little Swamp Complex is a
drumlin formed during the last Ice Age.
9
The Environment:
Bloomfield Creek Wetland:
The Bloomfield Creek Wetland is located northeast of Bloomfield and covers an area of 44 ha. There are no
provincially or regionally significant species associated with this wetland.
West Lake Wetlands:
The West Lake Wetlands cover an area of 705 ha around the eastern shore of West Lake and along the popular
dunes of Sandbank's Provincial Park. The dunes area of the wetland is a special type of wetland called a panne.
Pannes are wetlands associated with dunes and are usually found in the lowlands between dunes. They are usually
seasonally flooded and grasses, sedges, and horsetails dominate vegetation. Pannes are very sensitive to human
disturbance. Provincially significant bird species in the West Lake Wetland include the Canvas Back, Black Tern,
Marsh Wren, Northern Harrier, and Least Bittern. Provincially significant plant species are Peltandra virginica and
Arrow Arum. The West Lake Wetland is an important nesting area for the Black Tern and feeding area for the Blue
Heron. Interesting geological features of this wetland include the dunes, a drumlin, and an esker.
Black Creek Wetland:
The Black Creek Wetland covers an area of 87 ha along Black Creek in the southeastern part of Prince Edward
County. Provincially significant species in the Black Creek Wetland include the American Coot and Least Bittern.
Several regionally significant species have been observed in the Black Creek Wetland including the Stinkpot Turtle,
Blandings Turtle, Red Bellied Snake, and Mink Frog. The regionally significant bird species the Sandhill Crane has
also been observed in this wetland.
Cressy Swamp:
The Cressy Swamp covers an area of 128 ha and is an inland wetland with both swamp and marsh vegetation.
Provincially significant species observed at the Cressy Swamp include the Black Tern, Marsh Wren, and Yellow
Spotted Salamander.
10
The Environment:
East Lake Marsh:
The East Lake Marsh is located along the west shore of East Lake between East Lake and Lake Ontario and covers
an area of 230 ha. The Bald Eagle, an endangered species, has been observed here occasionally. Provincially
significant species seen in this marsh include the Least Bittern, Northern Harrier, Marsh Wren, Caspian Tern, and
Black Tern. Regionally significant species of the East Lake Marsh are the Map Turtle, Blandings Turtle, Greenbacked Heron, and Swamp Sparrow.
Weller's Bay Wetland:
The Weller's Bay Wetland Complex covers an area of 185 ha around Weller's Bay at Consecon. This wetland complex
is a regionally significant staging and moulting site for waterfowl. The Weller's Bay Wetland Complex contains several
provincially significant species such as the Least Bittern, American Coot, Canvas Back Redhead, Northern Hawk Owl,
Caspian Tern, and Common Tern. Regionally significant species observed at the Weller's Bay Wetlands Complex
include the Mink Frog, Northern Shoveler, Lesser Scaup, and American Wigeon. The Muted Swan is a locally
significant species found in this wetland.
Carrying Place Marsh:
The Carrying Place Marsh covers an area of 62 ha and is one of the smaller wetlands in Prince Edward County.
Carrying Place Marsh is noted for the presence of the provincially significant bird species the Caspian Tern and the
Black Tern. The regionally significant Double-crested Cormorant can also be seen at Carrying Place Marsh.
Sandbanks Provincial Park:
Prince Edward County is also home to one of the most popular Provincial Parks, Sandbanks. It covers an area of
1,059 Hectares. Two spectacular stretches of sand dunes -- including the West Lake formation, considered the
largest freshwater baymouth sand dune system in the world -- make this park unique and memorable. Many of the
dunes are between 12 m and 25 m high. The park's 549 campsites are usually reserved well in advance for the
peak season in July and August, although some are available on a first-come, first-served basis. There are 140
electrical sites and each campsite has a picnic table and fireplace grill. Drinking water taps are close to all sites.
With three wide, clean sandy beaches and shallow, safe waters, swimming is understandably one of the favorite park
activities, along with windsurfing, sailing, canoeing, and boating. There are two boat launches in the park. Both
East Lake and West Lake have good populations of largemouth and smallmouth bass, walleye, pike, perch and other
panfish. Sandbanks also attracts many birds, especially in the fall. Species recorded here include marsh wren,
swamp sparrow, pileated woodpecker, white-throated sparrow and little gull. Small mammals common to the area
include varying hares, raccoons, chipmunks, fox and deer. Several species of amphibian and reptile can also be
spotted in the park.
11
The Environment:
For hikers there is the self-guided Cedar Sands Trail, which meanders through a series of open and forested dunes
on the East Lake sandbar, providing a chance to learn about the ecology of the dune forest and viewing platforms
overlooking the Outlet River. Interpretive activities include guided walks, evening slide and film presentations,
campfires, children's programs and "spirit walks": nightly strolls with one or more costumed park interpretive staff
playing the role of local historical figures. In the winter, when snow condition permits, 10 km of track-set crosscountry ski trails are available as well as a warming shack complete with woodstove. Park visitation steadily
increased at Sandbanks from 1996-1999 but fell by 18 percent from 1999-2000. Park authorities attribute this to
a very wet summer in 2000.
Lake on the Mountain Provincial Park:
Situated on a promontory high above Lake Ontario's Bay of Quinte it spans 104 Hectares. Lake on the Mountain is
a natural curiosity: it has a constant flow of clean, fresh water, with no readily apparent source. This mystery has
been the subject of speculation for centuries. Lake on the Mountain is a day use park. It offers outstanding views of
the Bay of Quinte as you enjoy a walk or a quiet picnic overlooking the lake and surrounding countryside. Non
motorized boats such as canoes, rowboats or sailboards are permitted on the lake. Park visitation increased
steadily from 1997 to 2000 with visitation up 10.6% over 1999.
12
The Environment:
North Beach Provincial Park:
This park, spanning 89 Hectares, contains one of the few baymouth sandbars found along the western shoreline of
Prince Edward County. The sandbar on which the park is located measures about 1200 m in length, and up to 200
m in width, sheltering North Bay from Lake Ontario. Swimming, picnicking, boating, fishing, cycling and sailboarding
are permitted. Motorboats, sailboats and rowboats may be launched into the bay, where northern pike, bass, perch,
and sunfish are the prime catch. Poor weather in 2000 was the cause for the decline in visitation at North Beach.
Visitation fell off by 12% from 1999 to 2000.
Park Visitation
Sandbanks
North Beach
Lake on the
Mountain
1996
414,807
23,800
110,589
1997
450,139
20,710
90,422
1998
518,229
23,412
106,349
13
1999
518,223
22,228
115,870
2000
438,419
19,541
128,132
The Environment:
Hastings County:
Hastings County covers a land area of 6,179 square kilometres. It features
several Conservation Areas and one Provincial Park, Lake St. Peter Provincial
Park. Conservation Areas in this region fall under the administration of three
Conservation Authorities: Quinte Conservation (also known as the Moira River
Conservation), Lower Trent Conservation, and Crowe Valley Conservation
Authority. Conservation Authorities are local environmental agencies based on
the watersheds of Ontario. A watershed includes all the land and tributaries
which drain into a watercourse. The following map shows the regions covered
by each of the Conservation Authorities in this region.
Source: Conservation Ontario Website: http://www.conservation-ontario.on.ca
Note: Quinte Conservation is a working agreement of three local conservation
authorities in eastern Ontario: Moira River, Napanee Region and Prince Edward
Region.
14
The Environment:
Lower Trent Conservation:
The Lower Trent Conservation (LTC) was formed in 1968 and their resource
management program is based on several watersheds, which encompass 2,121
square kilometres. The Lower Trent region includes the drainage basins of the
lower section of the Trent River, and smaller watercourses flowing into Rice
Lake, Lake Ontario and the Bay of Quinte. Over 3,500 acres of natural open
space are held in public trust by LTC including the following Conservation Lands:
1
4
7
9
12
Conservation Areas
Trenton Greenbelt
South Hastings
Goodrich-Loomis
Seymour
Sager
3
6
8
10
13
Haldimand
Warkworth
Proctor Park
King’s Mill
Glen Miller
15
Natural Habitat Areas
2 Barnum House Creek
5 Murray Marsh
10 Keating-Hoards
14 Trenton Escarpment
The Environment:
Crowe Valley Conservation Authority:
The Crowe Valley Conservation Authority (CVCA) was established in 1958 and
was created to further the conservation, restoration, development, and
management of water resources in areas drained by the Crowe River and its
tributaries which consists of 2,006 square kilometres. The CVCA owns and
maintains four Conservation Areas: Crowe Bridge, Callaghan’s Rapids, The Gut,
and McGeachie Conservation Area. The Authority also owns an “Agreement
Forest” which is located in Marmora Township and managed by the Ministry of
Natural Resources.
The Gut Conservation Area is a 162 Hectare site located in the extreme northern
corner of Marmora and Lake Township. “It encompasses a prominent geological
feature, known as the ‘Gut’ which is a large gorge through which the Crowe River
flows for about 230 metres. The fissure that forms the gorge is over 30 metres
high and varies from 5 metres to 10 metres in width.”99 Features of this
99
The Gut Conservation Area Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation Authority.
16
The Environment:
conservation area include: parking lot, walking trail, vault privies, a stairway
down to the gorge, and a cedar post barricade constructed along the top of the
gorge.
Callaghan’s Rapids is a 162 Hectare wood lot and encompasses a section of
rapids and small waterfalls along the Crowe River. “Callaghan’s Rapids is
situated on limestone bedrock and the effect of water erosion on the soft
limestone is quite evident.”100 Caves, sinkholes and disappearing streams are
part of the features of this conservation area along with a parking lot, vault
privies, picnic area, and walking trails.
The McGeachie Conservation Area consists of 358 acres of land, located on
Steenburg Lake in Limerick Township. Donated in 1994 by Jack and Ethel
McGeachie, “this area offers a very diverse offering of nature. This beautiful
piece of land has a creek, beaver ponds, inhabiting wildlife, mature forests and
acres of wetlands. On the property there sits the original homestead, built
nearly 150 years ago. It is the aspiration of the Crowe Valley Conservation
Authority and the McGeachie family, that this property be developed into an
outdoor environmental education centre.”101
The Crowe Bridge Conservation Area, also known as the Crowe Bridge Family
Fun Park, extend for over 22 acres along the Crowe River and boast quiet
surroundings, natural settings, fossils, scenic lookouts, golf, and swimming.
“The picturesque northern portion of Crowe Bridge Family Fun Park is home to
40 secluded campsites—as close to the natural camping experience as you can
get. Our guests enjoy swimming in the gently flowing waters of the Crowe River,
clean washrooms and showers and all the amenities of the entire park.”102
Callaghan’s Rapids Conservation Area Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation Authority.
The McGeachie Conservation Area Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation Authority.
102 Crowe Bridge Family Fun Park Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation Authority
100
101
17
The Environment:
Quinte Conservation:
Over 30,000 acres is owned by Quinte Conservation (QC). Some of this land is
developed as conservation areas. These range from small lookouts and
parkettes to an outdoor education centre at the H.R. Frink Centre. The map
below highlights the Popular Conservation Areas in Hastings County under the
administration of Quinte Conservation:
Source: Quinte Conservation
18
The Environment:
Wetlands:
Several wetland areas in Hastings County have been evaluated through the
provincial Wetland Evaluation System as being Provincially Significant. The
following maps were created using information supplied by the Ministry of
Natural Resources and from the Official Plan for Hastings County. These maps
pinpoint the locations of Wetlands in Hastings County that have been declared
Provincially Significant.
North Hastings: Wetlands are marked in green.
19
The Environment:
“The County shall require protection of all provincially significant wetlands and
encourage the protection of locally significant wetlands, once identified through
the evaluation process, through local zoning by-laws. The County shall require
local municipalities to identify and zone all provincially significant wetlands as
areas for environmental protection and conservation and shall encourage local
municipalities to protect and conserve all other wetlands in order to maintain
their hydrologic, social and special features and recreational benefits.”103
Centre & South Hastings: Wetlands are marked in green.
103
Section 3.2.5 Signficant Wetlands, Hastings County Official Plan, 2000.
20
The Environment:
No other information was available regarding the type or content of the Wetlands
in North and Centre Hastings. There is however a website for Wetland Inventory
for Research and Education Network that had information regarding Lake
Ontario Coastal Wetlands. The map below pertains to wetlands on the north
shore of the Bay of Quinte.
The following are Wetlands along the Bay of Quinte Shoreline:
Source: Wetland Inventory for Research and Education Network
http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/wirenet/
The following information was available regarding the content of some of the
wetlands on the map above. The source again is the Wetland Inventory for
Research and Education Network, http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/wirenet/:
WETLAND
NAME
Bayside Wetlands
Belleville Treatment
Plant Marsh
Blessington Creek
Marsh
Presqu'ile Bay
Complex
WETLAND TYPE (% area each)
SWAMP
BOG
16%
0%
AREA
(ha)
19
MARSH
84%
3
80%
20%
0%
0%
75
87%
13%
0%
0%
992
80%
17%
0%
3%
21
FEN
0%
The Environment:
Air Quality:
The Ontario Ministry of the Environment operates a network of air quality
monitoring sites across the province. In 1999, the AQI (Air Quality Index)
network consisted of 27 sites in 24 urban centres. The following map shows the
location of the AQI sites.
Source: Air Quality in Ontario, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch
of the Ministry of the Environment, 1997
There is no provincial Air Quality tracking station in Hastings or Prince Edward
Counties. The nearest tracking station is in the city of Kingston and therefore
data from that station is not relevant to this region. It is interesting to note
however that the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) states that “the AQI is
based on pollutants that have adverse effects on human health and the
environment: sulphur dioxide (SO2 ), ozone (O3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), total
22
The Environment:
reduced sulphur (TRS) compounds, carbon monoxide (CO) and suspended
particles (SP).”104 Given that our region does not have an AQI tracking station
does the Ministry of the Environment consider this region exempt from these
“adverse effects”?
The MOE collects data at the end of each hour for the concentration of each
pollutant measured at a particular site and converts this into a number that
ranges from zero upwards. The calculated number for each pollutant is called a
sub-index. The highest sub-index at the given hour becomes the AQI. The index
increases as the air quality deteriorates. The index values, corresponding
categories and potential health and environmental effects are shown in the table
on the next page.
Air Quality in Ontario, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch of the
Ministry of the Environment, 1997
104
23
The Environment:
Air Quality Index Pollutants and their Impact105
Index
Category
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
Nitrogen Dixoide
(NO2)
Ozone (O3)
Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2)
Suspended
Particles (SP)
S02 + SP (As
measured by the
API)
Total Reduced
Sulphur (TRS)
0-15
Very good
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
16-31
Good
No known harmful
effects
Slight odour
No known harmful
effects
Damages some
vegetation in
combination with
ozone
No known harmful
effects
No known harmful
effects
Slight odour
32-49
Moderate
Blood chemistry
changes, but no
noticeable
impairment
Odour
Respiratory
irritation in
sensitive people
during vigorous
exercise; people
with heart/lung
disorders at some
risk; damages very
sensitive plants
Damages some
vegetation
Some decrease in
visibility
Damages
vegetation (i.e.
tomatoes, white
beans due to
sulphur dioxide)
Odour
50-99
Poor
Increased
symptoms in
smokers with
heart disease
Air smells and
looks brown.
Some increase in
bronchial reactivity
in people with
asthma
Sensitive people
may experience
irritation when
breathing and
possible lung
damage when
physically active;
people with
heart/lung
disorders at
greater risk;
damage to some
plants.
Odourous;
increasing
vegetation
damage
Decreased
visibility; soiling
evident
Increased
symptoms for
people with
chronic lung
disease
Strong odour
100-over
Very poor
Increasing
symptoms in nonsmokers with
heart diseases;
blurred vision;
some clumsiness
Increasing
sensitivity for
people with
asthma and
bronchitis
Serious
respiratory effects,
even during light
physical activity;
people with
heart/lung
disorders at high
risk; more
vegetation
damage
Increasing
sensitivity for
people with
asthma and
bronchitis
Increasing
sensitivity for
people with
asthma and
bronchitis
Significant effects
for people with
asthma and
bronchitis
Severe odour,
some may
experience nausea
and headaches
“If the AQI value is in the range from 32 to 49 there may be some adverse
health effects on very sensitive people. An index value in the 50 to 99 range
may have adverse effects on the most sensitive of the human or animal
populations, or may cause significant damage to vegetation and property. An
AQI value of 100 or more may cause adverse effects to the health of a large
105
Ibid, 1997.
24
The Environment:
sector of those exposed. The Air Pollution Index (API) is also a sub-index of the
AQI. The basis of an alert and control system to warn of deteriorating air quality,
the API is derived from 24-hour running averages of SO2 and SP. The Air Quality
Office at the Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch continually obtains
data from the 27 AQI sites. Computed air quality indices and AQI forecasts are
released to the public and news media at set intervals.”106
Particulate Matter, Ozone and Volatile Organic Compounds:
Although there is no AQI tracking station in this region, there is a Federal air
monitoring station in Point Petre in Prince Edward County that monitors
particulate matter, ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since 1997,
volatile organic compounds monitoring in Ontario has been a co-operative effort
between the Ministry of the Environment and Environment Canada through a
network of tracking stations in both rural and urban areas across the province.
Location of VOC Monitoring Sites107
106
Ibid.
25
The Environment:
The Community Development Council of Quinte has been in contact with Tom
Dann, Head Air Toxics, Analysis and Air Quality Division, Environment Canada
regarding the federal tracking station located at Point Petre and have obtained
data relating to the measurement of particulate matter and ground-level ozone.
According to Mr. Dann, “we collect particulate data at Point Petre once every
sixth day. The program didn't begin until 1996. We are interested in long term
trends and measure PM10, PM2.5 and associated metals and ions .”108
In addition the network of federal tracking stations measure air toxics. “Air toxics
are substances that, based upon their toxicity and likelihood for exposure, have
the potential to cause harm to humans and the ecosystem. Air toxics include
certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDFs) and trace metals.
Some air toxics warrant special concern because they are capable of being
transported very long distances in the atmosphere or, as is the case with VOCs,
because of their important role in the formation of ground-level ozone and fine
particulate matter.”109
The Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has been
lobbying for a Canada-wide standard on Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone
which have been linked to serious health effects as well as Premature Death:
PM refers to microscopic solid and liquid particles that remain
suspended in the air for some time. Particles give smog its colour
and affect visibility. Ground-level ozone is a colourless gas that
forms just above the earth's surface.
Extensive scientific studies indicate that there are significant health
and environmental effects associated with these pollutants. PM and
ozone are linked to serious health effects such as chronic bronchitis,
asthma, and premature death. PM2.5 (one of the measurements of
Particulate Matter) has been recognized to have the potential for the
greatest health effect on a larger segment of the general population.
Ibid.
Email correspondence with Tom Dann, Head Air Toxics, Analysis and Air Quality Division,
Environment Canada, Feb 9, 2000.
109 “Air Quality in Ontario”, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch of the Ministry of the
Environment, 1997
107
108
26
The Environment:
Other effects of these pollutants include reduced visibility in the case of
PM, and crop damage and greater vulnerability to disease in some
tree species in the case of ozone.
PM2.5 concentrations are generally higher in southern Ontario in the
summer, while, in western Canada, high PM2.5 levels can occur in early
fall and winter. The Windsor-Quebec Corridor is the region of Canada
most frequently and seriously affected by high ozone
concentrations.110
According to the MOE, “VOCs are emitted into the atmosphere from a variety of
sources, including fossil fuel combustion (e.g., vehicle exhaust), heavy industry
(e.g., steel-making), petroleum refining, fuel-refilling, and residential solvent
use, paint application,
manufacturing of
synthetic materials
(e.g., plastics,
carpeting), food
processing,
agricultural activities
and wood processing
and burning. “111
Source: Air Quality in Ontario, 1997.
The chart above is a sample taken from the Point Petre station and lists the
percentage of compounds in the sample. The MOE reports that the Point Petre
sample had fewer concentrations of most of the VOCs measured with the
exception of halogens but that these are within environmental range. “Alkanes
are the predominant VOC class, accounting for one-half of the total mass of
samples for all sites except Pt. Petre. Pt. Petre is dominated by halogens, which
are VOCs usually with extended atmospheric residence times and subjected to
long-range transport. The urban and suburban profiles are remarkably similar
with little variation noted between VOC class. The typical urban composition is
“Backgrounder on Particulate Matter and Ozone”, Canadian Council of the
Ministers of the Environment, 1998.
110
“Air Quality in Ontario”, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch of the Ministry of the
Environment, 1997
111
27
The Environment:
46-52 per cent alkanes, 9-12 per cent alkenes, 4-5 per cent alkynes, 14-23 per
cent aromatics and 12-20 per cent halogens…General environmental quality
remains good in relation to airborne VOCs. Concentrations of VOCs exist at trace
levels and are well below existing provincial criteria.”112
112
Ibid., 1997.
28
The Environment:
Environmental Spills Reported:
The table below indicates that the number of spills reported for Hastings &
Prince Edward Counties in 2000 has declined from those reported in 1990.
This decline may be directly attributed to the implementation of new and less
restrictive guidelines which dramatically alters the reporting criteria of effluent
discharge/spills in Ontario.
Hastings
County
Prince
Edward
County
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
88
96
86
86
78
93
88
66
66
54
66
29
15
19
10
15
20
17
15
10
8
8
The latest data however shows an increase in 2000 over 1999. There were 62
spills reported for this region in 1999 and 72 in 2000. The chart below
highlights the significance of the 2000 increase.
Percentage of all Environmental Spills in Ontario occurring
1990-2000
2.00%
1.80%
1.60%
1.40%
1.20%
1.00%
0.80%
0.60%
0.40%
0.20%
0.00%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Hastings County
1997
1998
1999
2000
Source: Spills Action Centre
The Hastings County percentage of all Ontario spills is now the highest it’s been
since 1996. The rate in Prince Edward County, although lower than 1990, has
remained almost constant for the past three years.
29
The Environment:
“Grassroots Access to Pollutants”113:
“Thousands of people in Canada believe their health is in harm’s way due to
corporate pollution of the air and water on which humans depend for living. But
many feel helpless against big corporations whose smoke stacks and
manufacturing byproducts are sent regularly into the environment.”114 In order
to assist the public to better understand what pollutants are being released into
the environment, The Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy
(CIELP) has just released a new booklet called “A Citizen’s Guide to the National
Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) – Community Rights to Know: How to find
out what toxics are being released in your neighbourhood.” This booklet details
how to search through the information released through NPRI and determine if
any factories in a selected region/municipality are emitting toxic byproducts.
Through the use of this document and the NPRI website,
http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri, people can search the NPRI database by entering
the name of their local municipality or the first three characters of a local postal
code to view a list of companies/factories who have reported releases to NPRI
and to view the details of those releases. Approximately 70% of the substances
listed in the NPRI are released to the air and “as of 2000, releases of 268
substances have to be reported under the NPRI. At the time of writing, 55
substances on the NPRI list were known to be toxic or cancer-causing based on
whether the substances had been declared toxic under CEPA (Canadian
Environmental Protection Act) or had been designated as cancer-causing or
probably cancer-causing to humans by the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC).”115
The Community Development Council of Quinte was able to obtain a copy of the
CIELP booklet through download from the CIELP website, http://www.cielap.org/.
After reviewing the booklet and searching the database of NPRI we were able to
determine that none of the factories in this region, which are registered with
NPRI, reported releases of toxic byproducts. The examples below are NPRI
generated results of a search on the NPRI website of K8V, which are the first
three characters of the Trenton postal code.
“Grassroots access to pollutants”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, December 1, 2000.
Ibid., 2000.
115 “A Citizen’s Guide to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) – Community Rights to
Know: How to find out what toxics are being released in your neighbourhood,” by John Jackson,
Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy, May 2000.
113
114
30
The Environment:
Sample # 1: Results of a K8V Search
NPR
Report Year
Facility Name
NPRI ID REPORT YEAR
FACILITY NAME
BICC PYROTENAX - TRENTON
1919
1998
PLANT
City
Province
CITY PROVINCE
TRENTO
ON
N
4495
1998
Domtech Inc.
Trenton
ON
0239
1998
Norampac Inc. - Trenton Division
Trenton
ON
31
The Environment:
Sample # 2: Results of Domtech Inc. 1998
Domtech Inc.
NPRI ID - 4495
40 East Davis St.
Trenton, ON
K8V 6S4
Click here for more facility information.
Click here to see several years of data
Show me where this facility is on a map
1998 Facility Substance
Summary (tonnes)
CAS Nr.
Cas Nr
NA - 01
117-81-7
NA - 06
NA - 08
Click on a CAS Number or Substance Name for Substance-Specific Release
Details
Substance Name
Releases Disposal Recycle
Substance Name
Releases
Disposal
Recycle
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
386.00
.00
Antimony (and its compounds)
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate*
Copper (and its compounds)
Lead (and its compounds)*
NOTE: Substances marked with * are known to be toxic/carcinogenic
32
The Environment:
Sample # 3: Graph of Results of Domtech Inc. 1998
Sample # 4: Map of Location of Domtech Inc. 1998
Note: Green areas represent parks/greenspaces relative to the location of Domtech Inc.
33
The Environment:
With this information we can use a simple mapping tool such as MapPoint and
highlight Domtech’s location to Schools and Daycares. The Daycares on the
following map are in blue and the schools are in green:
If, in this example, Domtech had reported releasing toxic byproducts then the
community could easily be made aware of the immediate impact on children.
North Trenton Public School and Quinte West Day Care are in the immediate
vicinity of Domtech and might easily be those susceptible to adverse conditions
related to any spills.
A similar exercise can be undertaken in Belleville where the Nortel Plant
(formerly Northern Telecom) is currently testing soil samples as a result of
wastes having been discarded on property affecting area homes and schools.
In April of 2001, 10 Quinte region companies were listed on the Pollution Watch
website (http://www.pollution-watch.org/) as ‘major polluters’. “Trenton’s
34
The Environment:
Norampac Inc. is one of 10 Quinte area polluters listed on a new Pollution Watch
Web site scorecard. The site credits Norampac as the local company emitting
the largest amount of chemical that may be a hazard to health…Other polluters
identified on the Web site for Trenton include 8 Wing Trenton, BICC Pyrotenax,
Morton-Parker, Domtech Inc., and Deca Cables. Mor-Pac Ltd is listed for
Brighton, while Durabla Canada Ltd., OMG Belleville and Nortel Networks are
listed in Belleville.”116 Pollution Watch Web utilizes the information published on
the National Pollutant Release Inventory to rank area polluters.
Water Quality:
Water quality has moved to the forefront of environmental issues given the news
last year of the deaths and illnesses resulting from E. Coli in the water in the
town of Walkerton and the more recent news regarding the parasite in the water
system of Battleford, Saskatchewan. Tracking water quality for all of Hastings
and Prince Edward is difficult when 75% of the population (excluding Belleville
and Trenton) live in small towns and rural areas. In those areas, wells are
predominant and unless property owners regularly have the quality of their well
water tested then there are no conclusive statistics. The Hastings and Prince
Edward Counties Health Unit, who perform water testing in this region, have
noticed an increase demand for tests following the Walkerton disaster.
According to Dr. Lynn Noseworthy, the medical officer of health, since June 1,
her department has received 17,000 water samples. “Between June 1 and Aug.
21, we received 9,339 laboratory results. Of that number, 47 per cent (4,350
indicated the supplies were unsafe for human consumption) and 45 percent of
the unsafe results (1,996 samples) contained E.coli.”117 This increase has
forced the Health Unit to employ a health inspector full-time on handling water
customers. The Health Unit has requested additional funds “to add staff, since
the new Drinking Water Protection Regulation calls for even stricter standards
for water treatment, monitoring, reporting and corrective action.”118
“Web site targets 10 companies”, by Jack Le Blanc, The Trentonian, April 12, 2001.
“Health unit seeks funds to handle water tests”, by Barry Ellsworth, The Intelligencer, page
11, October 14, 2000.
118 Ibid.
116
117
35
The Environment:
Adverse Water Quality Reports:
The Ministry of the Environment posts reports on Adverse Water Quality through
their website http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/adverse/adversewater.htm.
These reports, which the MOE began posting in June of 2000, detail where
drinking water conditions have deteriorated to the extent that advisories have
been issued to the public. “As part of the day to day management of drinking
water systems information is routinely collected and analyzed by municipal and
provincial governments. An ‘adverse water quality incident’ is an umbrella term
used by the Ministry of the Environment to refer to any unusual test result
obtained from municipal or private water supplies, as well as from surface water
sources. An adverse water quality incident does not mean that a drinking water
supply is unsafe. Objectives range from aesthetic measures, like taste and smell,
to the measurement of the presence of health-related contaminants. As a
matter of practice the ministry ensures that the local medical officer of health is
aware of any health-related problem. The ministry then works with the medical
officer of health and the owner of the system to rectify the situation.”119
Since the MOE began posting these adverse water quality reports there have
been seven Incident Reports posted for this region. The table on the next page
highlights the location, population affected, public notification, and resolution of
the incident:
Adverse Water Quality Incidents Report, Ministry of Environment Website,
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/adverse/adversewater.htm, December, 2000.
119
36
The Environment:
LOCATION
DATES OF
INCIDENT
TYPE OF WATER
SOURCE
POPULATION
SERVED
Ameliasbugh Ward,
Prince Edward
County
August 28 –
Sept 15th
Surface Water –
Roblin Lake
100 –
Ameliasburgh
Hamlet
ACTIONS/ADVISORIES ISSUED
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ameliasburgh Ward,
Prince Edward
County
Sept 5th –
Sept 12th
Ground Water –
Single Well
14 residences –
Peat’s Point
!
!
!
!
!
!
37
INCIDENT RESOLUTION
First sample taken Aug 28th
Aug 31, resample & additional distribution system
sample reported Sept 2 as overgrown for Total coliform
and background bacteria
Sept 2, MOH issued boil water advisory
Sept 4, resampled again. Unsatisfactory results
Following plan disinfection on Sept 8, resampled Sep 9,
10, 11, 12 with no adverse results reported
MOH revoked Boil Water Advisory on Sept. 15th
Boil Water Advisory issued Sept
2ndRevoked Sept 15th
Facility was disinfected as per
Ontario Drinking Water
Standards on Sept 8. Treated
water from the Wellington Water
Treatment Plant (WTP) is now
being supplied as a raw water
source for the Ameliasburgh
WTP. All treated water samples
collected following disinfection
have shown safe bacteriological
quality. Boil Water Advisory
revoked on Sept 15th
First sample taken Sept 5th
Single sample tested positive for total coliforms. No E.
coli.
Sept 8th, MOH issued Boil Water Advisory
Sept 9th, resample two taps at affected location &
additional distribution system sample and treated water
at plant.
Sept 10th, reported as zero (0) for Total coliform, E.
Coli, & background bacteria.
Sept 12, Boil Water Advisory revoked by MOH
Boil Water Advisory issued Sept
8thRevoked Sept 12th
Municipality resampled and
increased chlorination.
The Environment:
LOCATION
DATES OF
INCIDENT
TYPE OF WATER
SOURCE
POPULATION
SERVED
Sidney Ward, City of
Quinte West
Municipal Sub-Office
Complex
June 26th –
Ongoing
Groundwater –
Private individual well
used to service
Sidney Ward Office of
City of Quinte West
N.A.
!
!
!
!
City of Belleville
May 30th –
June 8th
Surface Water
37,000
!
!
!
!
!
McDonalds
Restaurant
City of Quinte West
Aug 29th -Sept 2nd
Surface and
groundwater –
municipal distribution
system
40,000
!
!
!
!
38
INCIDENT RESOLUTION
First sample taken June 26th
Sample of Municipal Buildings showed Total Coliforms –
47, E-coli – 1 at the Municipal Garage & Total Coliforms
– 28, E-coli – 4, a the Sidney Ward Office
MOE notified on June 28th by Medical Officer of Health,
H & PE Health Unit.
MOH notified on June 28th by Occupational Health
Nurse, City of Quinte West.
Bottled water has historically
and will continue to be supplied
for drinking water. Source
identified as direct access to
water supply by animals
(snakes) due to poor well
construction. Municipality plans
to replace well.
First sample taken May 30th on Station street, an area
which was under construction
Positive E-coli noted in samples collected on May 30th
Boiled Water Advisory Issued
Resamples collected for following week on June 2, 3, 4,
6, 7 and 8 until no background colonies present in
samples.
Samples clear by June 8. Boil water advisory lifted on
June 9
Boil Water Advisory issued May
31stRevoked June 9th
First sample taken August 29th
Positive result on P/A tests for E.coli and Total coliform
Resampling done by the staff of City of Quinte West on
Aug 31st. Will sample again on Sept 1st
Medical Office of Health has issued a Boil Water
Advisory to McDonalds
Boil Water Advisory was
revoked on September 2nd.
The Environment:
LOCATION
DATES OF
INCIDENT
TYPE OF WATER
SOURCE
POPULATION
SERVED
Pillsbury Bakeries &
Foodservices Ltd.
Quinte West, Trenton
Ward
Nov 21st –
Nov 30th
Water from Mayhew
Creek is treated at
plant
Water system
serves plant and
approximately 50
employees
!
!
!
!
!
!
City of Belleville
Nov 28th –
Dec 2nd
Surface Water –
Distribution line
1 residence
!
!
39
First sample taken Nov 21st
Background bacteria colonies found on two previous
sampling events, Nov 8th and Nov 16th
E. Coli, Fecal Coliform found at 2 locations: chemical
storage room and plant floor handwash station,
background greater than 200 at 3 locations upstairs
staff kitchen, cafeteria downstairs and utility sink plant
floor.
The plant has been shutdown and water system has
been flushed and water lines filled with superchlorinated water. Line will be flushed in 24 hours and
samples collected.
The H & PE Health Unit issued a Community Health
Protection Order to Pillsbury Bakeries to cease food
production, provide alternative potable drinking water
for staff & visitors, take steps necessary to provide a
safe continuous potable water supply.
Re-sampling to be done by Pillsbury Bakeries staff, on
November 24, 26, 28, 29, and 30. E.Coli has not been
identified in the supply since November 21, 2000.
First sample taken November 28th showed presence of
E Coli and Total Coliforms
Area resampled November 30th, 2000. Samples also
collected upstream and downstream locations in
distribution system. Samples collected Dec. 1 & 2,
2000, indicate that no E.coli and Total coliforms are
present.
INCIDENT RESOLUTION
The original water supply has
been reinstated following
bacteria free analytical results.
Produce Processors is now
providing chlorinated water to
Pillsbury.
The Hastings and Prince
Edward Counties Health Unit
and the Canadian Food
Inspections Agency have
cleared the product for sale.
Clearance has been given by
the health unit to resume using
the water supply from Produce
Processors.
The system has been flushed.
MOH is satisfied with sample
results and no further action
required.
The Environment:
LOCATION
DATES OF
INCIDENT
TYPE OF WATER
SOURCE
POPULATION
SERVED
Trenton Mobile
Home Park,
also known as Bay
Breeze Mobile Park
City of Quinte West
Dec 6th –
Ongoing
2 Shallow Wells
Approximately 100
residents in 49
trailers
!
!
!
40
Provincial Officer’s Order issued on December 6, 2000
requiring the owner to comply with Regulations 459/00
and 435/93 and the Ontario Water Resources Act. The
owner has not complied with the order
Boil Water Advisory issued by health unit on December
8, 2000 as there are no assurances of a safe potable
water supply.
Notice issued on December 22, 2000 to the City of
Quinte West regarding the intent of the Regional
Director to require that the municipality take over the
operation of the water works.
INCIDENT RESOLUTION
History of water quality and
quantity problem. Current
property management company
resigned. No operator to
operate the communal drinking
water supply.
City of Quinte West has been
requested to take over the
operation of the water works.
The Environment:
Drinking Water Surveillance Program
Since 1986 the Ontario Ministry of the Environment has facilitated the Drinking Water Surveillance
Program (DWSP). By the end of 1999, 162 municipal waterworks were being monitored. They
account for over 88 per cent of the population served by municipal water supplies. “DWSP is a
monitoring program developed to provide reliable and current information on municipal drinking
water. Collected data are used to:
• monitor levels of chemicals and establish trends
• define and track the occurrence of new chemicals
• provide data in support of drinking water standards setting
• assess treatment plant operations.
Water supply systems are included in the program based on population served, geographical
location and risk of contamination.”120
The executive summaries and detailed reports from 1993-1999 of the municipal waterworks that
were monitored are available through the DWSP website:
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/dwsp/dwspexe.htm. The results of local water systems are
detailed in the tables on the next few pages.
Source: Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Drinking Water Surveillance Program,
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/dwsp/dwspexe.htm
120
41
The Environment:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
BELLEVILLE WATER PLANT
1998 AND 1999 REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DELORO WELL SUPPLY
1999 REPORT
The Belleville Water Plant is a conventional treatment
plant which treats water from the Bay of Quinte. The
process consists of microstrainers, coagulation,
flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, fluoridation and
disinfection. Chlorine is added at the mouth of the
intake structure for zebra mussel control. This plant has
a design capacity of 75.000 x 1000 m 3 /day and
serves a population of approximately 36,800. The
Belleville Water Plant is currently undergoing an
extensive upgrade, which is scheduled to be completed
by the end of 2000.
Raw and treated water at the plant and at two locations
in the Distribution system were sampled. A total of
1,998 tests were performed on up to 200 inorganic,
organic and radiological parameters.
No health related ODWOs121 were exceeded.
The Deloro Well Supply is a groundwater source
consisting of one well. Raw water is pumped into a
reservoir where sodium hypochlorite is added for
disinfection. The maximum pumping capacity of the
system is 0.327 x 1000 m3/day and serves a
population of approximately 140.
Raw water from the well and treated water from the
reservoir and at one location in the distribution system
were sampled. A total of 1,107 tests were performed on
up to 200 inorganic, organic and radiological
parameters.
No health related ODWOs were exceeded.
The Deloro well supply, for the sample year 1999,
produced good quality water and this was maintained in
the distribution system.
The Belleville Water Plant, for the sample years 1998
and 1999, produced good quality water and this was
maintained in the distribution system.
Ontario Drinking Water Objectives (ODWO) for health related parameters became Drinking Water Standards on August 8,
2000 as part of the Drinking Water Protection Regulation O.Reg. 459/00.
121
42
The Environment:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PICTON WATER PLANT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DESERONTO WATER PLANT
The Deseronto Water Plant is a conventional treatment
plant which treats water from the Bay of Quinte. The
process consists of coagulation, flocculation, clarification
(upflow clarifier), filtration, pH control and disinfection.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) contactors are used for
taste and odour control. Chlorine is added at the intake
for zebra mussel control. This plant has a rated
capacity of 2.9 x 1000 m 3 /day and serves a
population of approximately 2,100.
The Picton Water Plant is a conventional treatment
plant, which treats water from the Bay of Quinte. The
process consists of coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation, filtration, fluoridation and disinfection.
Chlorine is added at the mouth of the intake structure
for zebra mussel control. Powder activated carbon is
added for taste and odour control. This plant has a
design capacity of 10.9 x 1000 m 3 /day and serves a
population of approximately 5,000.
Raw and treated water at the plant and at three
locations in the distribution system were sampled. A
total of 2,070 tests were performed on up to 200
inorganic, organic and radiological parameters.
Raw and treated water at the plant and at three
locations in the Distribution system were sampled. A
total of 1,639 tests were performed on up to 200
inorganic, organic and radiological parameters.
The Deseronto Water Plant, for the sample years 1998
and 1999, produced good quality water and this was
maintained in the Distribution system.
The Picton Water Plant, for the sample years 1998 and
1999, produced good quality water and this was
43
The Environment:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TRENTON WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
The Trenton Water Supply System has two raw water sources: Surface water from the Trent River and groundwater
from 2 wells and a spring infiltration system.
The Trenton Water plant is a conventional treatment plant which treats water from the Trent River. The process
consists of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. This plant has a design capacity of
35.0 x 1000 m 3 /day.
The Trenton well supply is a groundwater source consisting of 2 wells which are artificially recharged from Tremur
Lake and a spring Infiltration system. This water is mixed and treated with chlorine for disinfection. The
groundwater supplies 20% of the total demand of the system.
The Trenton Water Plant together with the Trenton well supply serves a population of approximately 17,100.
Raw and treated water at the plant, raw and treated water the pumping station and at four location in the
distribution system were sampled. A total of 2,763 tests were performed on up to 200 inorganic, organic and
radiological parameters.
The Trenton Water Supply System, for the sample years 1998 and 1999, produced good quality water and this was
We reviewed the DWSP reports for 1993-1999 and found that prior to 1998 there were no concerns
posted regarding the Deseronto or Belleville waterworks and the Deloro waterworks was added to the
monitoring system in 1999. Although there were no concerns posted in the 1996-1997 report nor the
1998-1999 report for Picton and Trenton the concerns were posted for the two communities in the 19931995 report and are detailed on the next page.
44
The Environment:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PICTON WATER TREATMENT PLANT
1993, 1994 AND 1995 REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TRENTON WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
1993, 1994 AND 1995 REPORT
From 1993 to 1995, a total of 3,313 tests were performed
in 10 sample events from the Trenton well supply and
4,869 tests were performed in 13 sample events from the
Trenton water treatment plant.
From 1993 to 1995, a total of 5,200 tests were
performed in 12 sample events from the Picton
water treatment plant.
Nitrate exceeded the ODWO Maximum Acceptable
Concentration of 10.0 mg/L in 2 treated water samples
from one well. Water from this well was mixed with water
from other sources prior to distribution and the resulting
nitrate levels were lower than the guideline.
No other known health related guidelines were
exceeded.
Fluoride levels were found above the ODWO
For the Trenton well supply, field turbidity levels were above Maximum Acceptable Concentration of 1.5 mg/L in 2
the ODWO Maximum Acceptable Concentration of 1.0 FTU in treated and distributed water samples. The District
Officer was notified. The treatment process for
1 treated water sample from one well. The District Officer
fluoride addition should be reviewed.
was notified.
The numerous minerals and salts detected above aesthetic
guidelines is characteristic of many groundwater sources.
No other known health related guidelines were exceeded.
The Trenton well supply, for the sample years 1993, 1994
and 1995, produced water of an adequate quality and this
was maintained in the distribution system.
For the Trenton water treatment plant, no known health
related guidelines were exceeded.
The Trenton water treatment plant, for the sample years
1993, 1994 and 1995, produced good quality water and
this was maintained in the distribution system.
45
The persistent finding of aluminum levels above the
ODWO operational guideline of 100 ug/L in the
treated and distributed water would indicate that the
treatment process should be optimized.
A major upgrade of the water plant was started in
1995.
The Picton water treatment plant, for the sample
years 1993, 1994 and 1995, produced water of
adequate quality and this was maintained in the
distribution system.
The Environment:
Waste:
Although a complete waste audit would be impossible for both Counties, given that some smaller landfill
sites do not weigh the amount of waste diverted to the landfill, we can, however, view waste statistics for
larger municipalities such as Trenton and the City of Belleville. The following table suggests an overall
decline in the amount of metric tonnes of garbage sent to landfills by these communities with increases in
the City of Belleville in 1998 and 1999 due to amalgamation with Thurlow Township.
Municipality
Belleville
Trenton
(Trenton Ward
only of Quinte
West)
1995
7,966
1996
6,083
1997
5,537
1998
5,930
1999
6,040
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,940
1,894
Source: Canadian Waste
When this information is viewed as a rate per 1,000 population, the Metric Tonnes diverted to landfill
actually went down in the City of Belleville from 1997 to 1998. There was a slight increase in 1999 but
still lower than the 1997 rate.
Metric Tonnes of Waste Diverted to Landfill Per 1,000
Population
300
200
100
0
Belleville
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
215
164
149
131
134
112
109
Trenton
46
The Environment:
Trash Bash:
For several years now, Prince Edward County has held an annual Trash Bash in late April. Each year
dedicated groups and individuals continue to collect trash along the side of County roads. The following
graphs illustrate the success of this annual program:
Tons of Trash Collected and Recycled Through the Trash Bash Event 1997-2001
10.88
12
10
10
10
8.3
7
8
6
4
2
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Source: Prince Edward County Trash Bash Annual Reports: Courtesy Keith Taylor, Quinte Conservation.
The tonnes of trash collected and/or recycled through the trash bash are estimates and could possibly be
higher “because so many people are now taking their trash to the transfer stations instead of having the
truck pick it up, the day of the event.”122
122
Keith Taylor, Trash Bash Chair, Email Correspondence, May 15th, 2001.
47
The Environment:
The number of groups participating and the total kilometres of roadsides cleaned as a result of the Trash
Bash continue to increase. The 2001 Trash Bash appears to have been the most successful to date.
Prince Edward County Trash Bash Statistics 1997-2001
700
600
124
500
133
140
467
478
97
400
300
450
200
295
350
100
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
Kilometres of Roads Cleaned
2001
Groups Involved
48
The Environment:
Recycling:
Tonnes Diverted To Blue Box (Recycling) Programs:
Tonnes Diverted to Blue Boxes
876.5 881.9
1000.0
890.3
649.3
553.7
500.0
0.0
The total amount of waste diverted away
from landfill was higher in 2000 than that
in 1991 (the first year for which statistics
are available) which has a positive impact
on community well being. Yet, the total
tonnage diverted to Blue Box was
significantly lower in 1999 than in 1997
& 1998.
According to the late Sandy Smith,
former Contracts/Marketing Coordinator,
Quinte Waste Solutions, “while total tonnes recycled had dropped the question this raises is ‘are we not
doing as good a job recycling or have we reduced the amount we throw out?’ You need the tonnes tipped
at landfill (Garbage) to get a more accurate answer.”123 Unfortunately, the Community Development
Council of Quinte was unsuccessful in our attempt to measure this indicator as a percentage of total
landfill since reporting/tracking mechanisms differ between communities and waste management
organizations in the region. Altering the measurement of this indicator would have provided the Quinte
region with a greater insight into whether or not recycling initiatives have influenced the amount of waste
going to landfill in the region. It might also have identified patterns relating to consumer/household waste
from which important policy directions can be established.
1991
123
1997
1998
1999
2000
Correspondence with the late Sandy Smith, Contracts/Marketing Coordinator, Quinte Waste Solutions, March 7, 2000.
49
The Environment:
'
'
'
124
Facts about Quinte’s recycling124
Quinte diverts 65 per cent of its waste from landfill.
and paint cans, rigid and foam plastic
That’s two-and-a-half times Ontario’s average
containers, glass bottles and jars, cardboard,
waste diversion rate of 27 percent
and newspapers and magazines.
' Each Quinte recycling truck driver picks up 700
95 percent of single-family households in Quinte
recycle on a regular basis.
households worth of recycling each day.
' The Capture rate – percentage of all available
In 1990, the fledgling Blue Box program accepted
five recyclable items. Today, 12 items are
goods to be collected in the region – is 86
accepted, including boxboard and household paper,
percent.
' 50 percent of Quinte households compost
plastic bags, metal cans and foils, empty aerosol
regularly.
“Happy Birthday, Recycling!”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, Oct 24th, 2000.
50
The Environment:
The late Sandy Smith, former Contracts/Marketing Coordinator, Quinte Waste Solutions supplied the
following table and notes as a breakdown of recycled materials and how material weights and collection
have changed over the past 5 years.
Material
News
Glass
Steel
Aluminum (1.)
PET #1 (2.)
HDPE #2
PVC #3 (3.)
Tubs #4 & 5
Boxboard
Polycoat (milk
cartons)
OCC
Polystyrene #6
Textiles (4.)
Film
Total (5.)
3787.0
1676.0
848.0
262.0
214.5
157.0
28.0
90.0
1863.0
1995
Kg. Per
Hhld.
Per year
80.9
37.6
19.8
4.5
3.9
2.9
0.2
0.8
43.7
31.8
0.8
0.2
29.0
0.7
0.3
440.0
48.0
175.5
381.0
10,001.8
9.0
0.8
2.6
7.6
215.1
4.4
0.5
1.8
3.8
100.0
912.0
70.0
0.0
158.0
9,974.0
21.9
1.3
0.0
2.7
186.5
9.1
0.7
0.0
1.6
100.0
Tonnes
recycled
1999
Kg. Per Hhld.
Per year
% by weight
Tonnes
recycled
37.9
16.8
8.5
2.6
2.1
1.6
0.3
0.9
18.6
4954.0
1361.0
502.0
266.0
270.0
190.0
0.0
113.0
1149.0
93.6
18.6
8.1
4.6
4.0
3.6
0.0
2.0
25.4
49.7
13.7
5.0
2.7
2.7
1.9
0.0
1.1
11.5
% by weight
Notes:
1. These numbers can be somewhat misleading: available aluminum has decreased from 1995 to 1999
since more pop is sold in PET plastic today. Therefore since the aluminum tonnes has not fallen off
we must be doing a better job capturing pop cans.
2. PET tonnes has climbed but, PET containers are very light therefore we are probably doing a much
better job capturing this material.
3. PVC – the C is chlorine which created a safety problem when it was recycled, therefore most PVC
containers were switched to PET and we no longer capture PVC.
51
The Environment:
4. Textiles were dropped from the program in 1997 due to costs. We continue to promote the Salvation
Army reuse centre and other reuse programs.
5. While total tonnes recycled has dropped the question this raises is “Are we not doing as good a job
recycling or have we reduced the amount we throw out?” You need the tonnes tipped at landfill
(Garbage) to get a more accurate answer. If this number has stayed constant or dropped and the
number of homes is taken into account (population growth) then we are doing better. If garbage
tonnes has gone up we are not doing as good a job using the 3Rs.
52
The Environment:
Household Hazardous Waste Materials:
Each year from mid-April to mid-October, Quinte Waste Solutions sponsors a Household Hazardous Waste
Material collection. These are held approximately every two weeks in Quinte West, Belleville, and other
locations in Centre and South Hastings. The late Sandy Smith, former Contracts/Marketing Coordinator,
Quinte Waste Solutions supplied the following table and notes as a breakdown of Household Hazardous
Waste materials collected. Through this program cans of Paint, which have been previously collected, are
also given away upon request.
Materials
Alkaline batteries
Lead Acid batteries
Paint 4 litre
Paint 1 litre
Paint 20 litre pails
Acids
Bases
Oxidizers
Flammables
Flammables
Flammables 20 litre
Aerosols
Propane tanks 20lb.
Propane tanks disposable
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Number
0
879
12,413
2,594
84.75
4.7
11.13
1.97
18
56.25
56
14.7
689
9.4
14.6
3.08
Households participating
2,394
Paint given away (reuse)
91
723
1100
0
1995
Units
LP
Each
4 litre
1 litre
20 litre pails
LP
LP
LP
LP
VP
20 litre pails
LP
20 lb. tanks
LP
LP
20 litre pails
Number
4.8
787
13,255
7,750
187
2.65
6.45
2.45
121.25
8.6
284
18.2
748
4.55
10.4
1.1
1999
Units
LP
Each
4 litre
1 litre
20 litre pails
LP
LP
LP
LP
VP
20 litre pails
LP
20 lb. tanks
LP
LP
20 litre pails
2,673
250 ml
1 litre
4 litre
20 litre
632
1,444
2,635
80
250 ml
1 litre
4 litre
20 litre
LP - LabPack (205 litre steel drum with containers as delivered packed into them) approx. volume 100
litres. VP – Vermiculite Pack (205 litre steel drum with glass containers as delivered packed into them
with vermiculite packed around them to prevent breakage). Approx. volume 80 litres.
53
The Environment:
Environmental Issues and Trends:
Zwicks, Meyers Clean-up:
In the City of Belleville, two of the most noteworthy environmental issues in the past few years pertain to
the clean-up of the Zwicks Island Landfill and the Meyers Pier parkland. From 1950 to 1971 the 14 acre
Zwicks property operated as an open landfill. The landfill received mostly commercial and industrial solid
and liquid wastes during that time and now groundwater is seeping out and contaminating the area.
“Contaminated groundwater is found throughout Zwicks and contains chemicals and compounds such as
iron maganese, dichlorobenzene, TPH and various PAHs. Trace amounts of benzene and chlorobenzene
were also found.”125 The Meyers Pier parkland, which covers 5.25 hectares, also contains hazardous
waste deposits beneath the surface. This is the result of “hazardous waste deposited over the past
several decades from a bulk-oil and coal stockpiling facility. North of the site, a coal gasification plant
allowed coal tar to seep southward through layers of limestone as well.”126 It is estimated that 60,000
tonnes of contaminated soil is present within the Meyers Pier area.
The clean-up of Zwicks and Meyers Park could cost upwards of forty million dollars, according to media
reports, but the real extent of the problem and total costs associated with the clean-up will not be known
without extensive testing and assessment. “To that end, city council…agreed to spend $450,000
towards a $900,000 program to get the answers it needs…the city will retain an environmental
consulting firm to pay for a smaller scale testing program that will implement retainer walls, seepage
meters, monitoring wells and possible treatment of leachate at the city sewage plant. If the measures
work, the program would simply be expanded at a much greater scale and possibly cost in the future. If
however, the measures can't halt further pollution of the bay and posing risk to the public, other means
will have to be examined as will attempts to find the millions that could be needed to finance the
project.”127
“Zwicks, Meyers clean-up could cost $40 million”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, October 17, 2000.
Ibid.
127 Ibid.
125
126
54
The Environment:
Deloro Mine Site Cleanup & The Moira River
Study:
The Deloro Mine Site is located about 45 kilometres north of
Belleville, Ontario. Opening in the late 1860s as a gold mine
it was closed for that purpose in the early 1900s and the site
was used to process silver and cobalt ores from other mines
in northern Ontario. “From the 1930s to the 1950s, smelted
ore was brought from Eldorado Nuclear Limited in Port Hope
for further refinement to extract the cobalt. Deloro was the
first plant in the world to produce cobalt commercially and
was also a leading producer of stellite, a cobalt-chromiumtungsten alloy highly valued during the war years. Ores from
all over the world were processed in Deloro’s smelters.
Pesticides were produced from the arsenic by-products of the
smelting operations and manufactured as a major activity at
the site until those products were replaced by organic
pesticides in the late 1950s.”128
By the late 70s all operations had ended at the Deloro site but by then serious environmental damage
had been done to the surrounding area and the Moira River. “By the time all operations ceased, a wide
variety of waste materials containing arsenic and a variety of other metals had accumulated and affected
the quality of water and soils on the site, as well as quality of water and sediment in the Moira River
system. When the last owners abandoned the property in 1979, the Ministry of the Environment assumed
responsibility for the environmental management of the site as ‘remediator of last resort’. Since then, the
ministry has made significant reductions in the contamination through a number of remedial actions. Eight
hectares of tailings were covered, unsafe buildings demolished and mineshafts were located and sealed.
The ministry also built and continues to pay for the operation of a treatment plant that removes arsenic
and other heavy metals from the groundwater on site. As a result of these actions, the ministry has
reported that loadings of arsenic to the Moira River have been reduced by more than 80 per cent. The
ministry’s consultants are currently working on a plan for the final cleanup of the mine site, to control and
128
“Moira River Study Summary Report”, Draft, Ministry of the Environment, August 2000.
55
The Environment:
securely contain all types of contamination at the site - from arsenic to radioactivity.”129 It is estimated
that to fully complete the clean-up of the Deloro site and the Moira River the cost will exceed $30 million.
The Ministry of the Environment continues to post updates on their website regarding their progress in
cleaning up the Deloro site. Several of these updates have focused on the health of Deloro residents
specifically through the Deloro Village Environmental Health Risk Study. “Comprehensive environmental
sampling and urine results, conducted as part of the Health Risk Study, showed that it is safe to live in the
village. The ministry released the study in July 1999, and followed up with implementation of an action
plan which included supplemental monitoring of the community’s drinking water supply, removal of pockets
of radioactive soil, reducing radon gas and fencing the mine site.”130 The Ministry maintains that the
health and safety of Deloro residents is their prime concern. “Residents were assured during the
sampling and analysis phase of the health study, that any samples that indicated an immediate health
hazard would be reviewed with the medical doctors on the study’s Technical Steering team and
communicated immediately to the affected residents. These experts did not find any results that
suggested a need for immediate intervention.”131
Many residents of Deloro have expressed concern regarding a potential increase in cancer risk as a result
of arsenic contamination. The Ministry downplayed the risk in their Health Risk Study. “The cancer risk
from arsenic contamination in Deloro is considered to be comparable to the typical risk for Ontario
residents. A typical Ontario cancer risk is estimated to be 0.963 cases per 1000 people, whereas the risk
in Deloro is estimated to be 1.17 cases per 1000 people. This estimate suggests that the maximum risk
within Deloro is less than 0.2 times higher than the typical risk for Ontario.”132 For those living in Deloro
the fact that the cancer risk is higher than the provincial average is cause enough for concern.
Approximately 1,000 people in the Deloro area have launched a class-action lawsuit to seek compensation
for health risk and property damage. “A $50 million class-action lawsuit has been initiated in the Ontario
Superior Court of Justice that could represent as many as 1,000 people living in Deloro and southward to
Moira Lake at Madoc downstream from the contaminated Deloro mine. The suit is seeking compensation
for physical damage to properties, a decline in property values, injury and risk to health and emotional
distress and could involve as many as 500 properties…The Statement of claim names the governments
Ibid.
Deloro Mine Site Cleanup Project, Update, Ministry of the Environment, August 2000
131 Deloro Environmental Health Risk Study, Questions and answers, Ministry of the Environment, July 1999.
132 Ibid., Ministry of the Environment, July 1999.
129
130
56
The Environment:
of Ontario, Canada, the Atomic Energy Control Board and companies Canada Eldor Inc. and Canada
limited.”133
Metals in both water and
sediment originating from
the Deloro Mine Site have
heavily affected the Moira
River system. Starting
with Young’s Creek, the
potential for contaminants
could travel through the
Moira River all the way to
the city of Belleville and
into the Bay of Quinte. The
map at right illustrates the
Moira River Watershed.
Source: “Moira River Study Summary Report”
The Ministry has released a
draft summary report of
their studies of the Moira
River examining the impact
of the mine on the River
and in 2001 will release
the full report.
“Deloro regional project manager Jim Ritter said the report has gathered public comments and, when
released, will also include original findings earlier this year of a long list of heavy metals that have
contaminated the Moira River from the mine…Ritter said for example, the Moira River study showed heavy
metal contamination in Young’s Creek along the Moira, downstream from Deloro Mine…Currently,
‘groundwater below the site is contaminated’ and six pumping stations are pulling groundwater up and
funneling it into the treatment facility where arsenic and heavy metals are filtered out of the water allowing
only clean water to enter the nearby Moira River.”134
“Moira River study examines Deloro mine’s impact, Charges still before courts”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer,
December 1st, 2000.
134 Ibid.
133
57
The Environment:
The clean-up may take several years and the full impact of the damage and potential health risks may not
be immediately known. In addition to the class-action law suit already in the courts, the Ministry of the
Environment faces several charges regarding their role. “A series of eight criminal charges are still before
the courts in Ottawa, laid by the Environmental Bureau of Investigation Nov. 17, 1999 against the ministry
alleging that it allowed Deloro to pollute the environment, contrary to Ontario Laws. The ministry is trying
to have the charges thrown out of court.”135
Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan & THE BIG CLEANUP:
The Moira River is not the only body of water than has been heavily polluted over the years. The waters of
the Bay of Quinte contain high levels of phosphates and algal growth has greatly increased in the bay.
“Coliform bacteria enter the bay from urban sources and poor farm manure management. Shoreline
development has greatly decreased the amount of fish and wildlife habitat. And the delicate balance of
plant, fish and wildlife species is threatened.”136
As a result of the numerous environmental concerns related to the Bay of Quinte, a multigovernment,
consultative process called a Remedial Action Plan (RAP) was introduced in 1985. “The Bay of Quinte
RAP brought together federal, provincial and local governments to make a comprehensive restoration
plan. Studies were completed to determine the pollution sources and identify cleanup options.”137 A
Public Advisory Committee was formed in 1988 to provide ongoing community input and in 1993 the joint
Bay of Quinte RAP and Public Advisory Committee report, “Stage 2 Report – Time to Act” was released.
The report contained 80 cleanup recommendations. “Almost immediately, cleanup began. Programs
were introduced to control stormwater discharges, improve farm operations and rehabilitate wetland
areas. Upgrades were implemented at industrial and sewage treatment plants…Municipalities updated
their official plans to incorporate Bay of Quinte RAP ideas.”138 In 1997 a new group was formed called
the Bay of Quinte RAP Restoration Council. This local group have set priorities including the improvement
of water quality, protecting fish and wildlife habitats, working with community groups to enhance
shorelines, restore habitats and plant trees, as well as “meeting the Governments of Canada and Ontario
Ibid, December 1st, 2000.
The Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan, Time To Act, Pamphlet.
137 “Bay of Quinte RAP Restoration Council – Renewing Our Commitment”, by Fred Stride, in “Time to Complete THE BIG
CLEANUP of the Bay of Quinte”, Quinte Conservation, April 2000.
138 Ibid.
135
136
58
The Environment:
commitments to Great Lakes restoration by removing (delisting) the Bay of Quinte from the list of 43 hot
spots.”139
There are some clear examples of initiatives within the region to improve the water quality and reduce
water pollution. “In 1999, 42 farmers and other rural landowners acted to reduce water pollution with
grants and technical assistance from the Rural Water Quality Program (Bay of Quinte Remedial Action
Plan). Combined financial contributions totaling $304,000 in 1999 from Environment Canada (Great
Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund) and landowner contributions to projects has added to the success of THE BIG
CLEANUP of the Bay of Quinte. To date, over 425 landowner projects have stopped 14,376 kilograms of
phosphorus and 10,611 tonnes of sediment from entering the Bay per year. The Rural Water Quality
Program has also participated in the conversion of 25,400 hectares of farm land to conservation tillage or
no-till and in the protection of 36 kilometres of streambank through livestock access restrictions.”140
Ibid.
“Taking Action on Water Quality”, by Barry Jones, Rural Water Quality Program Coordinator, in Mainstream News, May 26,
2000.
139
140
59
The Environment:
In the News
The following are environmental issues that made local headlines in 2000.
Mount Pelion Bottled Water:
In October of 2000, the Trenton plant, Mount Pelion Water closed their doors following an alert issued by
the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). The CFIA issued an alert “stating Mount Pelion brand
bottled water may be contaminated with an invisible, odourless bacteria…the bacteria can cause
gastrointestinal illness, or other more serious consequences.”141 In October, Mount Pelion recalled all of
their bottled water and did not respond to media requests for further information regarding the source of
their bottled water. The labels on their product clearly stated it was spring water but it took two more
months before CFIA officials were informed by Mount Pelion that the bottled product was actually municipal
tap water. “Trenton based Mount Pelion Water labeled its product as spring water, when if fact the
company used municipal water to bottle its product. The information was confirmed by Peter Travers, a
food specialist with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)…Travers said it was inadequate
sanitation that led to the build up of the bacteria on equipment used by the company. He also said tests
showed the municipal water source was safe.”142 It is not clear if Mount Pelion will face charges for their
fraud under the federal Food and Drugs Act. CFIA has turned the matter over to the Justice Department
but as Mount Pelion has since gone out of business the case against them may not be pursued.
“Mount Pelion officials unresponsive”, by Ernst Kuglin, The Trentonian, October 25, 2000.
“CFIA confirms Mount Pelion spring water was actually Mount Pelion municipal tap water”, by Ernst Kuglin, The Intelligencer,
December 16th, 2000.
141
142
60
The Environment:
Norampac & The Dombind Road Suppressant:
The following is an excerpt from a letter from Eileen Conroy, E.A.R.T.H. Educators, Madoc, that appeared
in the July 30th 1999 edition of the Community Press:
Dear Editor:
Wednesday, July 21, it came to our attention that a young woman named Emily Chatten,
an OAC graduate from East Northumberland Secondary School (ENSS) in Brighton was
denied a scholarship offered by Norampac Inc. because the company deemed her to be
"inappropriate" as the recipient of the environmental science prize given to the student
with the highest standing in environmental science. Emily completed a research project
concerning the way Norampac, a containerboard plant located in Trenton, disposes of its
liquid industrial waste by providing it to local municipalities to spread upon their gravel
roads. Emily also used her research project as the basis for a presentation, which she
made to Brighton Township Council this past spring.
In our understanding, Norampac declined to award the scholarship to Emily, and insisted
that the science department choose another more suitable candidate for the award. The
administration at ENSS refused to do this, and wrote a letter to Norampac indicating
Emily's marks justify their choice. Because the high school would not change its
submission, Norampac withdrew its funds and no award was made at graduation
exercises.
Wednesday evening I contacted several people with this information, asking them to
participate in an alternative scholarship for Emily. Then information was also sent to the
media. Thursday morning, as the media began to respond to the story, Norampac
contacted one of the science teachers at ENSS and agreed to give Emily the scholarship,
apparently to avoid negative publicity. 143
The liquid industrial waste referred to in the letter is actually Dombind. Norampac Inc., in Quinte West
manufactures Dombind, which is produced from the pulping of wood. “Logs are turned into chips and
cooked in a digester. The glue-like material that holds the fibres together (lignin) is removed and then
concentrated in evaporators to produce Dombind. When applied to gravel roads, Dombind dries within
hours to provide a hard, stable surface.”144 Dombind’s main use is as a dust suppressant as it
143
144
Source: http://www.communitypress-online.com/archive/letters/7451student.html
Source: http://www.dombind.com
61
The Environment:
significantly reduces or eliminates dust on rural roads. It is currently used in 70 municipalities in Ontario
and has been in use by most of the municipalities for the past 40 years.
The main problem with Dombind is that it contains concentrated dioxin levels that are believed to be
cancer causing. The official website for Dombind, http://www.dombind.com downplays this concern by
stating “the amount of dioxin in Dombind is so small that even after many years of application there will be
no discernible impact on background levels.”145 The Ministry of the Environment, however, takes the
concern of potential cancer risk very seriously and has ordered Norampac to eliminate the use of Dombind
as a road dust suppressant within the next two years. “At stake is a Ministry of the Environment Director’s
Order issued Nov. 24, giving Norampac orders to purchase and install steam reformer technology to
eliminate Dombind. Norampac argues that work cannot be accomplished within a two-year extension the
province granted the company to eliminate the use of Dombind as a gravel road suppressant.”146
Norampac has submitted an application for a judicial review of the provincial regulations. The judicial
review has been set over until February 2001. “Coincidentally, a 30-day public comment period on the
MOE’s proposed two year extension to phase out Dombind ended Wednesday…the vast majority of the
130 public responses received, called for Dombind to be phased out immediately, or over some time
period. There wasn’t a single response in favour of allowing the continued spreading of Dombind on rural
roads.”147
Water-Taking Permits:
In Ontario the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) is responsible for issuing Water-Taking
Permits. “The Ministry of the Environment, proclaimed guardian of Ontario’s ground
and surface water supply by authority of the Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA),
manages a water-taking permit program for the province which spells out in detail
regulations under which this precious natural resource may be used and by whom. It’s
a duty the ministry takes seriously. It administers this important program through its
five regional offices, ensuring a fair division of safe water for all while keeping a close
eye on efficient usage and conservation practices. To this end, ministry staff critically
review all permit and renewal applications, measuring them against a host of
Ibid.
“Norampac judicial review bid set over to February in Ottawa”, by Jack LeBlanc, The Intelligencer, December 24, 2000.
147 Ibid.
145
146
62
The Environment:
requirements. It’s only when these requirements are met, publicly scrutinized and found
acceptable that a permit may be issued, although terms or conditions on usage can be
attached and must be strictly followed.”148
All water-taking permit applications must be posted on the Environmental Bill of Rights
(EBR) environmental registry for a 30-day public comment period. All postings on the
environmental registry are available for viewing at www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/ebr with
the exception of those for agricultural irrigation of crops, most municipal takings and
those sought for a specific reason for less than a year.
In the summer of 2000 media headlines abounded with the water-taking permits issue.
Leona Dombrowsky, Member of Provincial Parliament for Hastings, Frontenac, Lennox
and Addington wrote a letter to the Ontario Minister of Environment, detailing her
concerns. “I am absolutely appalled that the Ministry of the Environment has totally
abdicated its responsibility to ensure that the integrity of this water source is
protected…It is totally inappropriate that the company [Waterlief] allowed to take water
from the [Rawdon] creek, based on the total flow levels, is the same company that is
responsible for the monitoring and reporting of the stream flow of the creek.”149 The
letter concerned one of several water-taking permits issued to Waterlief Management
Inc., a Tweed-based water bottling company. This particular permit allowed for a plan to
siphon 531 million litres a year from a Centre Hastings location on Rawdon Creek. “The
concerns also prompted the formation of the Save Our Water group and provincial
Liberal leader Dalton McGuinty to visit the stream earlier this summer with Leona
Dombrowsky…to get firsthand details to attack the provincial government for awarding
permits without proper research beforehand.”150
The Waterlief permit in contention was rescinded in late 2000 by the MOE. “After
mounting public pressure and investigation of the Waterlief permit, the environment
ministry posted notice Tuesday on its Environmental Bill of Rights internet site that it is
planning on canceling the Rawdon Creek permit…Waterlief has had the water taking
permit for four years and has not drawn off any water…The posting also asserts that
Waterlief ‘has not received zoning approval from the Municipality of Centre Hastings
“Review process for permits to take water”, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, January 2000.
“MPP appalled at how water taking is monitored”, by Louise Livingstone, Community Press Online,
http://www.communitypress-online.com/797/news/797nmonitored.html.
150 “Taps turned off for Waterlief scheme”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, December 14 th, 2000.
148
149
63
The Environment:
since the conception of Permit 96-P-4110 in 1996. In the posting, the ministry alleged
Waterlief did not ‘measure flow in both Rawdon Creek and the numerous springs on a
weekly basis during the taking and non-taking periods…for at least three months’.”151
151
Ibid.
64
Appendices
Appendices
Bibliography
The following documents were beneficial in producing this
Community Well Being Index report:
Economy:
Is Healthy Eating Affordable? Results of the 2000 Nutritious Food Basket
Costing, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, December 2000
“Poor Bashing: the Politics of Exclusion” , Jean Swanson.
Income Distributions by Size in Canada, 1995, Centre for International Statistics
at the Canadian Council on Social Development.
Statistics Canada, Low Income Persons, 1980 to 1997 (Low Income Cut-Offs,
1992 base) Catalogue 13-569-XIB, Survey of Consumer Finances, April 1999
Reducing Poverty Among Older Women: The Potential of Retirement Income
Policies, Monica Townsen
A Surplus of Hunger. Canada’s Annual Survey of Emergency Food Programs,
Beth Wilson, Canadian Association of Food Banks, October 2000.
The Rural Economy:
Building Our Future Together, Conference Proceedings, Ministry of Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, October 1998.
Appendices
Government of Ontario Press Release, April 2001.
Female Employment Rates and Labour Market Attachment in Rural Canada,
Euan Phimister, Jan 2001
Report of the Task Force on Rural Economic Renewal - understanding the new
rural economy and identifying solutions and opportunities for rural economic
development, April 2001.
Voluntary Service Sector:
“The Size, Scope and Financing of Registered Charities: A Portrait of Canada’s
Charities”, Canadian Centre For Philanthropy, 1994
T3010, Ministry of Finance
Education:
Women and Labour Market Poverty, Gunderson & Muszynski, Canadian Advisory
Council on the Status of Women, 1990
Appendices
Municipal Government:
Audited Financial Statements for the City of Belleville for the fiscal year ending
1999
Audited Financial Statements for the City of Quinte West
Audited Financial Statements for the Municipality of Centre Hastings for the fiscal
year ending 1999
Audited Financial Statements for the Prince Edward County for the fiscal year
ending 1999
1997 Municipal Financial Report, Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and
Housing
Voter Participation:
Official Results of the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixty, and Thirty-seventy General
Elections, Elections Canada
Ontario Elections Returns, 1990, 1995, & 1999, Elections Ontario.
“Arson losses climbed in 2000”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, March 8th,
2001
“Crime Statistics in Canada, 1999”, by Sylvain Tremblay, Canadian Centre for
Justice Statistics
Appendices
Final Report For Land Ambulance Services, Transition Study, Municipal
Cooperative of Eastern Ontario. March 2000
Fire Prevention & Public Fire Safety Education 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, &
1999 Year End Reports
Needs Assessment, Report on Findings, Quinte Destinations for Youth, page 21,
September, 2000
“Police Resources in Canada”, The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, 2000.
Health:
An Underserviced Area: Primary Care Physicians in Southeastern Ontario, by
Cynthia Johnston, Coordinator, Integrated Planning, Southeastern Ontario District
Health Council, October 2000.
Canadian Diabetes Association, Fact Sheet.
Changes in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, by Jo-Anne Belliveau and Leslie
Gaudette, Statistics Canada, 1995.
Childhood Asthma in Sentinel Health Units, Findings of the Student Lung Health
Survey. 1995-1996
Guide to health statistics at Statistics Canada, Statistics Canada 2000
Healthy People-Healthy Communities: How Healthy Are We?, A Community
Health Profile of Hastings & Prince Edward Counties, by Anne L. Traboulsee,
Health Planner, Hastings & Prince Edward Counties District Health Council,
December 1995.
“O’Brien has recruitment wish list”, by Barry Ellsworth, The Intelligencer,
December 30th, 2000, page 4.
Appendices
Public Health and Epidemiology Report of Ontario, Public Health Branch, Ministry
of Health and Long-Term Care.
Quality of Life Index Project, Progress and Setbacks in Quinte, 1990-1999,
Community Development Council of Quinte, June 2000.
Review of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Data in Hastings and Prince Edward
Counties and Eastern Ontario, 1980 - 1995, Brian Laundry, Hastings & Prince
Edward Counties Health Unit, March 2000..
Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians, Prepared by the Federal,
Provincial and Territorial Advisory Committee on Population Health for the
Meeting of Ministers of Health Charlottetown, P.E.I., September 16-17, 1999.
2001 Ontario Budget, Budget Papers, Responsible Choices, Presented to the
Members of the Legislative
Assembly of Ontario by The Honourable James M. Flaherty, Minister of Finance
May 9, 2001.
Housing:
Ontario, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Information Sheet: The Year
2001 Rent Increase Guideline, Fall 2000
Task Force on Hunger: Hunger in Belleville, Community Development Council of
Quinte, 1992.
Trenton & District Association for Community Living
Appendices
“Backgrounder on Particulate Matter and Ozone”, Canadian Council of the
Ministers of the Environment, 1998
Ontario Road Safety Annual Reports (ORSARs), Safety Research Office, Safety
Policy Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation
Environment:
A Citizen’s Guide to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) –
Community Rights to Know: How to find out what toxics are being released in
your neighbourhood, by John Jackson, Canadian Institute for Environmental Law
and Policy, May 2000.
Air Quality in Ontario, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch of the
Ministry of the Environment, 1997
Backgrounder on Particulate Matter and Ozone”, Canadian Council of the
Ministers of the Environment, 1998
“Bay of Quinte RAP Restoration Council – Renewing Our Commitment”, by Fred
Stride, in “Time to Complete THE BIG CLEANUP of the Bay of Quinte”, Quinte
Conservation, April 2000
Callaghan’s Rapids Conservation Area, Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation
Authority.
“CFIA confirms Mount Pelion spring water was actually Mount Pelion municipal
tap water”, by Ernst Kuglin, The Intelligencer, December 16th, 2000
Crowe Bridge Family Fun Park Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation Authority
Appendices
Deloro Environmental Health Risk Study, Questions and answers, Ministry of the
Environment, July 1999.
Deloro Mine Site Cleanup Project, Update, Ministry of the Environment, August
2000
“Grassroots access to pollutants”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer,
December 1, 2000
“Happy Birthday, Recycling!”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, Oct 24th,
2000
Hastings County Official Plan, 2000
"Health unit seeks funds to handle water tests”, by Barry Ellsworth, The
Intelligencer, page 11, October 14, 2000.
“Moira River study examines Deloro mine’s impact, Charges still before courts”,
by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer, December 1st, 2000
Moira River Study Summary Report, Draft, Ministry of the Environment, August
2000
“Mount Pelion officials unresponsive”, by Ernst Kuglin, The Trentonian, October
25, 2000.
“MPP appalled at how water taking is monitored”, by Louise Livingstone,
Community Press Online, http://www.communitypressonline.com/797/news/797nmonitored.html.
“Norampac judicial review bid set over to February in Ottawa”, by Jack LeBlanc,
The Intelligencer, December 24, 2000.
Prince Edward County Trash Bash Annual Reports: Courtesy Keith Taylor, Quinte
Conservation
Appendices
Review process for permits to take water, Ontario Ministry of the Environment,
January 2000
“Taking Action on Water Quality”, by Barry Jones, Rural Water Quality Program
Coordinator, in Mainstream News, May 26, 2000
“Taps turned off for Waterlief scheme”, by Derek Baldwin, The Intelligencer,
December 14th, 2000
The Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan, Time To Act, Pamphlet.
The Gut Conservation Area, Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation Authority
The McGeachie Conservation Area, Pamphlet, Crowe Valley Conservation
Authority.
“Web site targets 10 companies”, by Jack Le Blanc, The Trentonian, April 12,
2001.
“Zwicks, Meyers clean-up could cost $40 million”, by Derek Baldwin, The
Intelligencer, October 17, 2000.
Appendices
Websites
The following websites were beneficial in producing this
Community Well Being Index report:
Economy
Business Information On-line: www.bio.on.ca
Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy" website:
http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/br01011e.html
The Rural Economy
Ministry of Agriculture and Agri-food, website: http://www.agr.ca
Voter Participation
Elections Ontario Website, http://www.electionsontario.on.ca/
Elections Canada Online: http://www.elections.ca
The 8 Wing, Canadian Forces Trenton website http://www.8wing.trenton.dnd.ca/
Appendices
Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov
The Health On the Net Foundation http://www.hon.ch/
The Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Foundation website, http://www.ndif.org
Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, http://www.gov.on.ca/health/
Ontario Physicians Human Resources Data Centre: http://ophrdc.mcmaster.ca
Ontario Medical Association, www.oma.org/pcomm/cha/hcreform.htm
Ontario Legislative Library website:
http://gateway.ontla.on.ca:80/library/libraryindex.htm
Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology website:
http://www.est.gov.on.ca/english/index.html
Ontario Ministry of Transportation website:
http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/index.html
Appendices
Environment
Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy website,
http://www.cielap.org/
Community Press Online, http://www.communitypress-online.com/
Conservation Ontario Website: http://www.conservation-ontario.on.ca
Domind website, http://www.dombind.com
Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR) environmental registry ,
www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/ebr
National Pollutant Release Inventory website, http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Adverse Water Quality Reports
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/adverse/adversewater.htm
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Drinking Water Surveillance Program
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/dwsp/dwspexe.htm
Pollution Watch Web: http://www.pollution-watch.org/
Quinte Conservation Website: http://www.pec.on.ca/conservation
Wetland Inventory for Research and Education Network
http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/wirenet/
www.marshlands.com, www.marshlands.com
Appendices
Data Sources
The following agencies and persons were beneficial in providing us with the
information and data used in this Community Well Being Index report:
Basic Demographics
Statistics Canada
Economy
The Access Centre for Hastings and Prince Edward
Canadian Council on Social Development
City of Belleville Economic Development Department
Community Care Belleville Inc.,
Community Care Quinte West,
Corporation of the County of Prince Edward Economic Development Department
County of Hastings Economic Development Department
East Central Ontario Training and Adjustment Board
Ernie Parsons, Member of Provincial Parliament for Prince Edward
Gleaners Food Bank
Appendices
Hastings County Ontario Works
Human Resources Canada
Lylle Vanclief, The Member of Parliament for Prince-Edward Hastings
Ministry of Community and Social Services
National Anti-Poverty Organization (NAPO)
North Hastings Community Development Corporation
North Hastings Senior Support Services
Prince Edward Community Care For Seniors Association,
Prince Edward Lennox & Addington Ontario Works
The Quinte Area Economic Development Commission
Quinte Region Credit Counselling Service
Statistics Canada
The Self-Help Business Centre
Trenval Business Development Corporation
Victorian Order of Nurses
Appendices
Labour Market
East Central Ontario Training & Adjustment Board
Labour Market Information Unit, Belleville Human Resources Centre
North Hastings District Community Development Corporation
Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
Statistics Canada
Trenval Business Development Corporation
Revenue Canada, Charities Division
United Way of Quinte
Education
ACSI – Association of Christian Schools International; OACS – Ontario
Accelerated Christian Schools; CIS – Conference of Independent Schools
The Algonquin and Lakeshore Catholic District School Board
Hastings & Prince Edward District School Board
Appendices
Loyalist College of Applied Arts & Technology
Ontario Ministry of Education
Sir James Whitney School
Statistics Canada
City of Belleville
City of Quinte West
The Corporation of the County of Prince Edward
Municipality of Centre Hastings
Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing
Ontario Ministry of the Environment & Energy
Voter Participation
City of Belleville
City of Quinte West
The Corporation of the County of Prince Edward
Elections Ontario
Appendices
Elections Canada
Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs
Belleville Fire Department
The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
Office of the Fire Marshall, Statistics Department
Quinte Crime Stoppers
Seaway Communications
Health
Canadian Cancer Society, Hastings-Prince Edward County Unit.
Canadian Diabetes Association
Cancer Bureau, LCDC, Health Canada
Hastings & Prince Edward Health Unit
The Lung Association
Ontario Ministry of Health & Long Term Care Provincial Health Planning
Database
Appendices
Public Health Branch, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
South Eastern Ontario District Health Council
Statistics Canada
Housing
Bancroft Public Utilities Commission,
Belleville Public Utilities Commission.
Canada Mortgage & Housing
Community Social Planning Council of Toronto , 1999
Community Visions and Networking.
Hastings County Ontario Works
Hastings Housing Resource Centre
North Hastings Community Integration Association,
Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science & Technology
Ontario Ministry of Housing and Municipal Affairs
Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association
Pathways to Independence
Plainfield Homes
Appendices
Prince Edward Association for Community Living
Prince Edward Public Utilities Commission,
Quinte Region Community Homes
Quinte West Public Utilities Commission,
Salvation Army
Statistics Canada
Survey of Canadian Electricity Bills, Dec. 1999
Youthabilitation Quinte Inc
Belleville Transit
Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology
Ontario Ministry of Transportation
Statistics Canada
Environment
Canadian Waste
Crowe Valley Conservation Authority
Appendices
Lower Trent Conservation
Lyle VanClief, Member of Parliament Prince Edward – Hastings, Federal Minister
of Agriculture & Agri-Food
Ontario Ministry of the Environment & Energy
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Quinte Conservation
Quinte Waste Solutions
Tom Dann, Head Air Toxics, Analysis and Air Quality Division, Environment
Canada
Appendices
Acknowledgments
The authors extend their sincerest thanks and appreciation to the individuals
who contributed to the Community Well Being Index especially, the Staff and
Board of the Community Development Council of Quinte and Researchers
Katharine Davis and Lesley Albertson.
As well, we offer our heartfelt appreciation to the following contributors:
Mr. Don McGuiness
Mr. Eric Bloom
Ms. Carmela Ruberto
Mr. John Quigley
Mr. Chris King
Mr. Paul Sosiak
Ms. Joy Martin
Ms. Leiann Peart
Ms. Carolyn Ketcheson
Ms. Dianne Tedesco
Ms. Pat Hately
Capt. Paul Gilbert
Ms. Christine Zaporzan
Ms. Jennifer Rosborough
Mr. Robert Vandervoort
Ms. Ann Smith
Ms. Wendy Parker
Ms. Teena Gibbs
Ms. Carlene Baker
Mr. Carman Milligan
Mrs. A. Douglas
Ms. Bonnie Jones
Mr. Rick Forster
Mr. Derek Baldwin
Mr. John Whelan
Mr. Derek McGrath
Ms. Patty Parks
Mr. Scott Lawson
Ms. Nancy Ker
Mr. Eric Fry
Ms. Elsie De Silva
Ms. Julia Gosson
Ms. Margaret Huddleston
Ms. Joanne Mortimore
Ms. Kathy Willis
Ms. Stacey Kimura
Ms. Debbie Francis
Capt. Rick Sheasby
Major Roy Randall
Ms. Cathy Chesher
Mr. Brian Cousins
Ms. Bonnie Jones
Ms. Jacqueline Redmond
Ms. June Frank
Ms. Elizabeth Mackey
Mr. G.P. Thompson
Mr. Richard Beare
Ms. Carol Church
Mr. Bruce Knutson
Mr. Richard Woodley
Mr. Dave McMullen
Mr. Robert Allen
Ms. Gayle Frost
Ms. Marianne Donovan
Appendices
Ms. Kim Charlebois
Ms. Shannon Wiens
Ms. Marsha Olinsky
Mr. Brian Laundry
Mr. Malcolm Shookner
Ms. Priscilla Wagner
Mr. William Sweet
Mr. Len Kennedy
Ms. Brenda Yardley
Ms. Pat Brown
Ms. Judy Bridle
Mr. Tom Dann
Sandy Smith
Ms. Lucille Fragomeni
Ms. Sandra Law
Mr. Paul Walsh
Mr. Wynne Thomas
Ms. Reta Shepherd
Ms. Tina Fledderus
Ms. Jan Stewart
Mr. Sam Kuhn
Ms. Yvette Fournier
Mr. Rick Courneya
Mr. George Leacock
Mr. Roque Sager
Mr. Ted Hildebrandt
Mr. Dan Vandebilt
Ms. Mary Attersley
Ms. Gail Manion
Ms. Susan Young
Ms. Nam Bains
Mr. Bruce Shwartzentreuber
Ms. Mary Hobbs
Ms. Katie Tinsley
Ms. Treena Cook
Mr. Cole Bornaval
Mr. Ross Wagner
Mr. Bob Peacock
Ms. Jeanne Thomas
Mr. Keith Taylor
Ms. Eileen Conroy
Mr. Terry Sprague
Mr. Bruce Carlin
Mr. Larry Glover
Ms. Tracey Logan
Ms. Rhea Pretsell
Ms. Sandy Gibson
Ms. Bernice Jenkins
Ms. Elaine O’Hara
Ms. Joanne Jenkins
Ms. Betty Roberts
Mr. Brian Smith
Ms. Jayne Mayberry
Ms. Tracey Lariault
Mr. Jack LeBlanc

Community Well Being Index - Community Development Council | of

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Playing at the Spray Plaza, Hastings

House of Mouse Innards - Knives Forks and Spoons Press

poolplayers.ca - CPA Southern Ontario

Mom Goes to War

jamil naqsh - Albemarle Gallery

The Edwardian - May 2012 - Prince Edward County Public Schools