Five year integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics
Transcription
Five year integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES (CELOS) CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS OF Five Year Integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COCHIN - 682 022 2007 Contact Address Director, Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682022. Phone: 0484 - 2577540 INTEGRATED M.Sc. COURSE IN PHOTONICS Taking into consideration of the importance of the new and emerging subject of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology took steps to conduct an integrated Masters Programme in Photonics under the faculty of technology. The five year integrated M.Sc. Degree course in Photonics is being offered by the Center of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences (CELOS) which has been established in this university through a special grant intended for this purpose from UGC. The activities under the CELOS have been jointly proposed by the International School of Photonics (ISP), Department of Physics and Department of Electronics of CUSAT. The M.Sc. course is a salient part of the activities under the CELOS programme sponsored by UGC. Photonics is a Hi-Tech subject that has evolved as a result of the fusion of optical technology with electronics. Its deep impact in areas like communication, computing and control as well as in fields like medicine, industry, defense and entertainment has made Photonics as an independent subject on its own right. The present M.Sc. course has been designed in such a way that it includes the essential subjects like Physics, Mathematics, Electronics, Applied Optics, Quantum Optics, Instrumentation and Computer Science which makes this a virtually stand alone course. Scope of the course Recent advances in Photonics technology for imaging, health care and consumer electronics have contributed unprecedented progress in every sphere of human activities. Photonics based companies and R&D institutions are growing day by day who need people trained in photonics and allied areas. CONTENT Page No. Semester I 11 Semester II 16 Semester III 22 Semester IV 27 Semester V 32 Semester VI 37 Semester VII 40 Semester VIII 43 Semester IX 45 Semester X 57 Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronics Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Integrated MSc Degree in Photonics — The course structure: ( Applicable from I st semester of 2007 admission and from the 7 th semester of the batches from 2004 admissions onwards) SEMESTER I Course Lecture Mechanics and Wave Phenomena CEL1102 Electricity and Magnetism Optics ICELT 103 Geometrical Optics CEL1104 Mathematics I CELI105 Statistical Methods Lab/Viva CEL1106 CEL1107 Communicative English Total for Semester I Marks Work/week Subject Lab Tutorial Credit CEL1101 IE 50 UE 50 Total 3 3 1 1 3 3 50 50 100 100 3 1 3 50 50 100 3 3 1 1 50 50 100+50 100 50 50 1 3 3 3 2 100 100 150 100 6 20 500 250 750 6 2 17 6 SEMESTER II Course Subject Lecture Electronics I- Basic Electronics Optics II -Physical CEL1202 Optics Mathematics II CEL1203 CEL1204 Classical Mechanics CEL1205 Nuclei, Particles and Beams CEL1206 Lab/Viva History of Science CEL1207 and Technology Total for Semester II Marks Work/week Lab Tutorial Credit CEL1201 5 IE 50 Total UE 50 3 3 1 1 3 3 50 50 100 100 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 3 100+50 1 19 50 450 6 1 16 6 1 6 150 250 50 700 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES SEMESTER III Course Subject (modified)) Electronics II Analog and Digital Electronics Optics III- Optical CEL1302 Instrumentation Thermodynamics CEL1303 and Statistical Mechanics Mathematics III CEL1304 Atomic CEL1305 Spectroscopy Lab/Viva CEL1306 Seminar CEL1307 Total for Semester III Marks Work/week Lecture Tutorial Lab Credit CEL1301 1 3 1 3 IE 50 UE 50 Total 100 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 19 3 6 1 16 6 5 50 50 50 50 100 100 50 50 50 50 100+50 50 450 250 100 100 150 50 700 SEMESTER IV Course Lecture Electronics III Microprocessors and their Applications Computer Science CEL1402 Quantum CEL1403 Mechanics I Electomagnetic CEL1404 Theory and Relativistic Phenomena Mathematics IV CEL1405 Lab/Viva CEL1406 Workshop CEL1407 Seminar CELI408 Total for Semester II Marks Work/week Subject Lab Tutorial Credit CEL1401 IE 50 UE 50 Total 100 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 50 50 50 50 100 100 3 1 3 50 50 100 1 3 3 1 I 20 50 100+50 100 50 550 50 100 150 100 50 800 3 6 1 I 17 6 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE iN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 5 250 6 SEMESTER V Course Optics IV -Applied Optics Electronics IVCEL1502 Electronic Instrumentation Quantum CEL1503 Mechanics II Materials Science CEL1504 Molecular CEL1505 Spectroscopy LabNiva CEL1506 Seminar CEL1507 Total for Semester V CEL1501 Marks Work/week Subject Lecture 3 Lab Credit Tutorial Total UE IE 50 50 50 50 100 3 1 100 3 1 3 3 1 3 50 50 3 3 1 1 3 3 50 50 50 50 100 100 5 3 1 19 100+50 50 450 250 150 50 700 6 1 16 6 100 SEMESTER VI Course Marks Work/week Subject Lecture Photonics I3 Optoelectronics 3 Photonicsll-Fibre CEL1602 Optics 3 Photonicslll-Laser CEL1603 Physics Project/Viva CEL1604 Lab/Viva CEL1605 9 Total for Semester VI Total for Semester I-VI Lab Tutorial Credit CEL1601 7 12 6 18 Total UE IE 50 50 1 1 3 3 50 50 100 100 1 3 50 50 100 4 3 16 113 200 100+50 500 2900 150 1400 200 150 650 4300 3 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRON'ICS SCIENCES SEMESTER VII ( course number of electives 2EX1- 2EX7 correspond to course numbers of electives chosen from the list of electives given separately. For example if 2E01 Network analysis and Communication Engineering and 2E03 Optical Sensor Technology are given as the Elective I and Elective II respectively in the VII semester then CEL 2EX 1 and CEL 2EX2 will be CEL 2E01 and 2E03 respectively ) Code CEL2701 CEL2702 CEL2EX I Title Advanced Solid state theory Laser systems & Laser Applications Elective I CEL2EX2 Elective II CEL2703 Lab I Electronics Hrs/wk Theory 4 Lab Marks Tutorial 1 4 4 1 4 3 1 3 3 Lab IIMathematical Modelling & Simulation CEL2705 Seminar/Viva Total for Semester VII Credit 1 IE 50 UE 50 50 50 Total 100 100 50 50 50 50 100 3 100 4 4 CEL2704 1 15 8 4 2 2 100 100 1 19 100 500 100 100 200 100 700 SEMESTER VIII Code Title Theory 4 CEL2801 CEL2802 CEL2EX3 Hrs/wk Nonlinear Optics Digital Signal Processing and Optical Signal Processing Elective III CEL2EX4 Elective IV CEL2803 La b I Electronics Lab Tutorial I 4 4 1 4 3 1 3 3 Lab II Photonics CEL2805 Seminar/Viva Total for Semester VIII Marks Credit 1 IE 50 UE 50 50 50 Total 100 100 50 50 50 50 100 3 100 4 CEL2804 4 1 15 8 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 4 2 2 100 100 1 19 100 500 100 100 200 100 700 8 SEMESTER IX Code CEL2901 Title Optical Communication Lab I CEL2902 Fibre Optics Lab CEL2903 Lab II Photonics Lab CEL2904 Seminar/Viva CEL 2EX5 Elective V CEL 2EX6 Elective VI CEL 2EX7 Elective VII Total for Semester IX CEL 2E01 CEL 2E02 CEL2E03 CEL 2E04 CEL2E05 CEL2E06 CEL2E07 Marks Hrs/wk 4 IE 50 4 2 100 100 4 2 1 3 3 3 18 100 100 50 50 50 500 100 100 100 100 100 700 Theory Lab 4 1 3 3 3 14 Credit 8 Tutorial 1 1 1 1 4 UE 50 50 50 50 200 Total 100 ELECTIVES Network Analysis and Communication Engineering Discrete mathematics and Wavelets Theory Optical Sensor Technology Advanced Electromagnetic Theory Optical Computing Microwave Photonics Atom Optics CEL2E08 CEL2E09 Laser Spectroscopy Quantum Optics CEL2E10 CEL2E11 CEL2E12 CEL2E13 CEL2E 14 CEL2E15 Photonics Materials Optomechanical Engineering Industrial Photonics Biophotonics Nanophotonics Advanced Laser Systems 9 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES SEMESTER I CEL 1101 MECHANICS AND WAVE PHENOMENA Reading Section : Dimensional analysis, vectors and scalars, vector algebra, unit vectors, linearly independent and linearly dependent vectors, velocity, acceleration and force vectors. MODULE 1 Motion along straight line — velocity, acceleration, velocity-time graph. Newton's laws of motion, equations of motion, motion in two and three dimensions — projectiles. Force, work and energy, energy conservation, work-energy theorem. System of particles — Newton's law for system of particles, collisions, conservation of linear momentum, impulse,elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. MODULE 2 Rigid body dynamics — angular velocity and angular acceleration, angular momentum, torque. Newton's laws for rotational motion, angular momenta for systems of particles, conservation of angular momentum. Requirements of equilibrium, centre of gravity, Newton's laws of gravitation, gravitation near the surface of earth and inside the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, central force, reduced mass, Kepler's law. MODULE 3 Oscillations- simple harmonic motion, simple pendulum and its equation of motion,spring and spring constant, Hookes law, work done by a spring, circular motion as SHM, damped and forced oscillations, resonance. MODULE 4 Waves — Transverse and longitudinal waves, traveling and standing waves, energy and power in traveling waves, phase and group velocities, superposition, interference and dispersion of waves. Sound waves — traveling sound waves, intensity and sound levels, Doppler effect in sound and light, sound pollution. Advanced Reading : Acoustics of music, concert hall acoustics, mechanics of sports. REFERENCES: Fundamentals of Physics — Resnik, Halliday and Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5th Edition(2002) Feynman Lectures Vol I , Narosa Publishing House (2002) Classical Mechanics — Rana and Joag, Tata Mc. Graw Hill (1992) Mechanics — D S Mathur, S Chand & Company (2004) CEL 1102 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM MODULE 1 Electric Charge: conductors and insulators, Coulomb's law, quantisation and conservation of charge, Millikan's oil drop experiment. 11 rtse-V-P en-0212-q- r NTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES Electric field: field lines, field due to point charge, electric dipole, line of charge and charged disc, point charge in an electric field, dipole in an electric field. Gauss' Law: Flux of electric field, Gauss Law, Gauss' law in cylindrical planar and spherical symmetry MODULE 2 Electric potential, equipotential surfaces, Potential due to point charge, group of point charges and due to electric dipole, Van de Graff generator, Capacitance, capacitors in series and parallel connections, storing energy in an electric field, capacitor with dielectric. Electric Current, current density, Resistance and Resistivity, Ohm's Law, Energy and power in electric circuits, semiconductors, emf, potential differences, RC circuits. MODULE 3 Magnetic Field, the definition of B, Hall effect„ Magnetic force on a current carrying wire, torque and current on a current loop, magnetic dipole, Ampere's Law, Solenoids Faraday's Law of induction, Lenz's Law, induced electric field, Inductance, Self and Mutual induction, RL circuits, Energy stored in a magnetic field, Magnetism of earth, Para, Dia and Ferro magnetism. MODULE 4 LCR oscillators, Damped and forced LCR oscillators, Resonance, Series and parallel LCR circuits. Alternating currents, Transformer-characteristics, equivalence circuits, design and construction of transformer, transmission of electric current DC and AC generators, single and three phase generators, choke coil and its uses, Power factor, AC and DC bridges, Anderson's Bridge. Constant voltage and current sources, BG, Multimeter. Advanced Reading : Bio-electricity, signal propagation through nerve cells, EEG REFERENCES Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday and Walker, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition (1994) Electricity and Magnetism- D N Vasudeva, S.Chand and Company, (2002) (Text). Basic electrionics — B L Thereja, S Chand and company, 5 th Edition (2003) Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol II — Feynman, Leighton, Sands, Narosa Publishers (2003) 5. Electricity and Magnetism — R Murugesan, S Chand and Company, 4th Edition ( 2001). CEL 1103 OPTICS I - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS MODULE 1 Nature of light, Light as waves, rays and photons, Refractive index, velocity of light. Foucolt's, Anderson's, Houston's and Kerr Cell methods to measure velocity of light. PhotometryRadiomertic and Photometric units, inverse square law, Lambert's Law, Lummer, Flicker and photovoltaic photometers. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 12 MODULE 2 Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction form Fermat's Principle, Total internal Reflection, Prism, Minimum deviation, achromatism in prisms, dispersion without deviation, normal and anomalous dispersion, Wood's experiment. MODULE 3 Refraction and Reflection by spherical surfaces, Thin lens, converging, diverging and cylindrical lenses, Lens equations, aplanatic points, Combination of lenses, F number of a lens, Power of a lens. Aberrations-Spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, distortion, chromatic aberration. MODULE 4 Matrix methods in Optics- Paraxial rays, Matrix representation of translation, refraction, reflection of light rays, ABCD law, lens wave guide. Spectrometer, Prism, Spectrograph, Telescopes-Resolving power, Types of telescopes, optical telescope, radio telescopes, Microscopes-Resolving power and magnifying power. Advanced Reading : Optics and Photonics in nature. REFERENCES Fundamentals of Physics- Resnik, Halliday, Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002) Textbook of Optics —Ajoy Ghatak, Tata Mc Grow Hill, 2" Edition ( 1992) A text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijtlal, S Chand and Company , 22 nd Edition, (1997 )(Text) Feynman Letures Vol I - Narosa Publishing House (2003) Handbook of Optics Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995) Modern Engineering Physics- A S Vasudeva, S Chand and Company, 2" Edition (2003) Matrix methods in geometrical optics.- A W Joshi Optics and Atomic physics — Sathyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra (1993) CEL 1104 MATHEMATICS I Reading Section : Differentiation and integration of simple functions MODULE 1 Differential calculus : Differentiation of hyperbolica and inverse hyperbolic functions. Statement and applications of Leibnitz theorem, LMV theorem, Taylor's and Mclaurin's theorems (no proof). Application to expansion functions- L'Hospital's Rule and its applications. Partial differentiation — Partial derivatives and total differential coefficients. Euler's theorem on homogenous function (no proof) chain rule for partial derivatives, errors and approximations. MODULE 2 Integral calculus — Integration by parts, definite integral, multiple integrals. Applications of differentiation and integration — Equations of lengths of tangents, normal, radius of curvature, envelopes, rectification of curves. Volume of a solid of revolution, areas of surface of revolution. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES Ordinary Differential equations — First order equation, variables separable, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous equations, integrating factor, Bernoulli's equations, enact equations, second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Complimentary function and particular integral, solution using auxiliary equation. MODULE 4 Partial differential equations — Derivation of PDE by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary coefficients. Concept of Jacobian. Solution of Lagranges Differential equations, Partial differential equation of the second degree, Laplace, Helmholtz and Poisson equations. REFERENCES Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text) Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text) Differential Calculus — Joseph Edwards, AIIBS Publishers,( 2001) Integral Calculus — Joseph Edwards Mathematical Physics — P K Chadopadhyaya Mathematical Methods for Physicists — G B Arfken, H I Weber, Academic Press, (2001) A text book of Mathematical Physicss — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub. Calcutta Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, University Press CEL 1105 STATISTICAL METHODS MODULE 1 Probability spaces : conditional and independence, random variables and random distributions, marginal and conditional distributions Curve fitting and principle of least squares, linear and quadratic curves, simple linear regression and correlation. MODULE 2 Independent random variables, mathematical expectation, mean and variance, binomial, Poissons and normal distributions, law of large numbers. MODULE 3 Central limit theorem(no proof), sampling distribution and test for mean using T-distribution, c2 and F distributions. MODULE 4 Time series analysis, Stationarity and nonstationarity, autocorrelation function Testing statistical hypothesis — significance level, Neyman-Pearson theorem (no proof) and some of its simple applications, large sample test, standard error, tests based on T, c 2 and F. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 14 REFERENCES Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences — J L Devore, Brooks, California (1987) Probability and Statistics — Schaum Series, McGraw Hill (2004) Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics — S C Gupta and V K Kapoor, S Chand & Co. Statistical Methods — S P Gupta, S Chand & Co. (Text) 5. Time series analysis — G E P Bor, G M Jenkins CEL 1106 LABNIVA CEL 1107 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH Elements of effective writing, methods of written exposition, art of condensation Writing technical articles, proposals, research papers, reports, manuals and letters Practical communicative Skills Preparation and use of graphic aids Technical Editing and Proof Reading REFERENCES Technical Writing — J M Lannon Sentence Skills — A workbook for writers — John Langon 3. New International Business English — Leo Jones, Richard Alexander 15 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES SEMESTER II CEL 1201 ELECTRONICS —I BASIC ELECTRONICS MODULE 1 Diodes and their applications: Conductors, insulators and semiconductors, Elements of semiconductor physics, p-type and ntype semiconductors, pn junction diode, diode equation, operation and characteristics of diode, Introduction to zener diode, photodiode, solar cell, varactor diode and LED. Rectification, ripple factor, Rectifiers-Halfwave, Fullwave and Bridge. Filters-Different types, Voltage multipliers, clippers, dampers. MODULE 2 Transistors -BJTs, pnp and npn transistors, h-parameters, CE, CB, CC configuration, transistor characteristics, small signal analysis of BJT. Unipolar transistors: FET, FET parameters, JFET, MOSFET-operations and their characteristics MODULE 3 Transistor biasing:-Need for biasing, faithful amplification, operating point, Stability factor (definition only), Biasing techniques-Base resistor, collector feedback, bias circuit with emitter resistor and voltage divider biasing. Voltage regulator using zener diode and transistor. Transistor amplifier- Classification of amplifiers, Transistor as an amplifier, CE, CC and CB amplifiers, multistage amplifiers, DC, RC, and transformer coupled amplifiers, Frequency response of RC coupled amplifier Power amplifiers-Class A, class B, and Class C operations, Push Pull amplifiers MODULE 4 Feedback amplifiers: Positive and negative feedback, Advantages of using negative feedback, voltage series feedback, current series feedback, emitter follower Oscillators: classification, Barkhausen criteria, different types. Tuned collector oscillator, Colpitts oscillator, RC phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator and crystal oscillator. REFERENCES 1 Electronics devices and circuit theory- Robert Boylestead and Nasheleski ,Prentice Hall, (2004) 2 Electronics devices and circuits —Allen Motershed, Prentice Hall India, (1973)(Text) 3 Integrated Electronics- Millman and Halkias, Tata Mc Grow Hill, (1972) 4 Fundamentals of Electronics- Ryder , Prentice Hall India, (1993)(Text) 5 Principles of Electronics —V K Metha, S Chand & Co (2003) 6 Basic Electronics and Linear circuits — N.N.Bhargava ,Tata Mc Grow Hill(1984) CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 16 CEL 1202 OPTICS II - PHYSICAL OPTICS MODULE 1 Superposition of two sinusoidal waves, path difference and phase difference, Analytical and graphical methods. Coherent sources, spatial and temporal coherence, complex representation of light waves, Interference of two monochromatic waves, optical beats. Theory of interference and bandwidth, Interference by division of wavefront, Young's double slit experiment, Fresnel's bi-prism, Llyod's minors. MODULE 2 Interference by division of amplitude, two beam interference, parallel sided plates, colour of thin films, wedge shaped film, Newton's rings - reflected and transmitted systems, Radius of rings and expression for wavelength, Michelson interferometer, Determination of wavelength separation and standarization of meter. Types of fringes- localized and nonlocalised fringes in white light MODULE 3 Diffraction-Fresnel's assumptions,Rectilinear propagation of light and Fresnel's theory,Frednel's zones, theoy of zone plate and its comparision with convex lens, Fresnel and Fraunhofer differactions- Fresnel's differaction at straight edge, Cornu's spiral —application to diffraction phenomena. Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, Double slit and multiple slits, missing orders in double slit differaction pattern , theory of plain transmission grating- oblique and normal incidence, absence spectra, determination of wavelength of light using grating, dispersion and resolving power, Blazed gratings. MODULE 4 Polarization , Experimental observation, Polarization by reflection and refraction, Brewster angle, Pile of plates, Biot's polariscope., Malus laws, Double refraction - Optic axis, Uniaxial and biaxial crystals, Geometry of calcite crystals, Nicol prism, Nicol as analyzer and polarizer. Huygen's explanation of double refraction, Quarter wave and Half wave plates, Production and detection of plane, elliptical and circular polarization of light. REFERENCE Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday, Krane , John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002). Textbook of Optics — Ajoy Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition, (1992) (Text) Text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijlal, S Chand and Company, 22 nd Edition, (1997) (Text) Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics —Jurgen R Meyer Arendt , Prentice Hall India 2nd Ed(1988) Text book of optics —Satyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra,(1993) Geometrical and Physical Optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition,( 1999). Optics —Eugene Hecht, Addison Weseley Long Inc, 3 rd Edition,( 1998) Fundamentals of Optics — Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int. editions, 4th Edition,(1981). 17 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES CEL 1203 MATHEMATICS — II Reading Section :Vector Algebra, Matrix Algebra MODULE 1 Vector Calculus — Vector differentiation, Gradient, divergence and curl, Solenoidal and irrotational vector point functions. Vector integration, Line, surface and volume integration, Greens theorem, Gauss theorem and Stokes theorem (statements) Physical interpretations. MODULE 2 Matrices — inverse of matrices, adjoint matrices (complex conjugate transpose) orthogonal, symmetric, skew symmetric, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices, elementary transformations of a matrix. MODULE 3 Similarity and unitary transformation of matrices, diagonalisation of matrices, Eigen values and eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, solution of algebraic equations using matrices consistent and inconsistent equations. MODULE 4 Complex numbers — Eulers formula, De Moivre's theorem (no proof), nth root of complex number. Trigonometry — Expansion of sin nx, cos"x and tannx, hyperbolic functions, separation into real and imaginary parts of sine, cosine, tangent, logarithmic and inverse tangent functions, summation of function using C+iS method. REFERENCES Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(2000) Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayanan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(,2000)(Text) Vector Analysis with introduction to Tensor analysis — Schaum Series, (1974) (Text) Trigonometry — S L Loney, S Chand & Co, (2002) Matrices - Shanti Narayanan, S Chand & Co.,(2002) Mathematical methods of Physics — G B Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press(2001)(Text) A text book of Mathematical Physics — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub. Calcutta Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, University Press CEL 1204 CLASSICAL MECHANICS MODULE 1 Frames of reference (basic ideas} Constraints, constrained motion and constraint force, generalized coordinates. Calculus of Variation. Hamilton's Principle. Lagranges equations of motion, Lagrangian and Lagrange's equations in simple cases like freely falling body, simple pendulum. harmonic oscillator CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 18 MODULE 2 Conjugate momenta, cyclic coordinates, conservation theorems and symmetry. Noether's theorem (no proof). Hamiltonian, relationship between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian. Energy conservation. MODULE 3 Central force problem- reduction to equivalent one dimensional problem. Classification of orbits and stability condition for orbits. Kepler's laws. Kepler's laws using Lagrangian formulation. MODULE 4 Lagrangian formulation of small oscillations and normal modes with special reference to CO, type molecules. Hamilton's equations of motions. Canonical transformations. Generating function. Poisson Brackets, fundamental PB. Equations of motion using Poisson Brackets, simple examples Advanced Reading;. Action -angle variables. Hamilton Jacobi equation. Rigid body dynamicsEuler's angles - equations of motion, symmetric top, Corioli's force. REFERENCES Classical Mechanics — Goldstein, Narosa Publishing Co. (1993) (Text) Classical Mechanics- Rana and Joag, Tata McGrawHill (1992) Modem Optics - R Guenther (for Lagrangian formulation of Optics),John Wiley Sons, (1990) Classical Mechanics - V B Bhatia, Narosa Pub.(1997) Classical Mechanics of particles and rigid bodies — Kiran C Gupta, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(1998) Mechanics — L. D Landau and E. N Lifshitz., Butterworth Heinemann,3 rd Ed (2002) 7. Ciassical Mechanics — C R Mondal, Prentice Hall India, (2002) CEL 1205 NUCLEI PARTICLE AND BEAMS MODULE 1 Vector atom model, quantum numbers, Atomic nucleus, relationship between nuclear radius and mass number, Nuclear forces, nucleons, spin and isotropic sin, isotopes and isobars, isomers, mirror nuclei, stability of nuclei, binding energy, fission and fusion. Nuclear models-semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model, shell model, magic numbers, Parity of nuclear states, Meson theory of nuclear forces . MODULE 2 Radio activity, units, radio activity, alpha and beta decay, Gamow's theory, neutrino, Fermi's theory of beta decay, Radiation hazards. Nuclear fusion and fission. Particle detectors - electroscope, scintillator, bubble chamber, cloud chamber, ionization chamber, GM counter. Cosmic rays- Discovery, latitude, EW, altitude effects, primary and secondary cosmic rays, cosmic ray showers, Bhabha's theory, Pair production and annihilation, Positron and its discovery, discovery of pi and mu mesons and strange particles, van Allen belts, origin of cosmic rays, solar neutrino problem, neutrino oscillation and mass of neutrino. 19 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES MODULE 3 Forces of nature and their unification (introductory ideas), Nuclear reactions, conserved qualities in nuclear reactions, Leptons, Baryons, Measons and Gauge particles, intrinsic and relative parity of elementary particles, Gellman- Nakano-Nishijima relation, fundamental particles and their classifications, Parity violation and CPT conservation, CP violation and neutral Kaon decay, eightfold way, quark structure. MODULE 4 Nuclear reactor- critical condition, design aspects, classification, breeder reactor, effect of nuclear radiation on living systems, Nuclear reactors and environment protection. Particle accelerators -Van de Graff generator, Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Linear accelerator, Colliders. REFERENCES 1 Introduction to Nuclear Physics- Herald A Enge ,Addison — Wesley Pub,( 1972) 2 Nuclear Physics — Kaplan ,Narosa publishing House,(1962) 3 Nuclear Radiation detectors- Price 4 Modern Physics- Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill ,(2002)(Text) 5 Particle hunters- Neeman, Y.Kirch ,Cambridge Univ Press 6 Quantum Physics —Eisberg and Resnik, John Wiley and Sons ,2" Ed,( 2002) 7 Elementary particles and symmetries- I H Ryder, Gordon and Breach, (1975)(Text) 8 The cosmic onion-Quarks and nature of Universe- Frank Close, AIP (1983) 9 Elements of Nuclear Physics- W.E Burcham, Longmans (1981). 10 Modern Physics-Murugesan, S Chand and Co, (2001) (Text ) 11 12 University Physics with Modern Physics — H D Young and R A Freedman, 11" Edition, (2004). Elements of Nuclear Physics — M L Pandya & R P S Yadav, 7 th Edition,( 2002) 13 Nuclear Physics — D C Tayal ( 2003) CEL 1206 LAB/ VIVA CEL 1207 HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY MODULE 1 Emergence and character of science — The iron age, Science and Industry, Development of science in 18th and 196 century, Science in 20" century, The birth of modern science. MODULE 2 Astronomy in ancient India, Europe, Egypt and other civilizations. Some of the astronomical instruments. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 20 MODULE 3 Indian . contribution during ancient medieval period — Sulbasutras, decimal system, number representation (various alpha numeric systems), Contributions of Arybhata, Brahmagupta, Varahamihira, Bhaskara, Contribution by Kerala Mathematicians during th middle age —Madhava, Neelakanda, Jyeshtadeva. MODULE 4 Introducing some of the classical works — eg: Aryabhatiyam, Opticks, Galileo's modern science, Principia of Newton. Topics in philosophy of science — works of Kanada, Francis Bacon, Thomas Kuhn, Karl Popper. Suggested Readings : Science in History (4 Vols) — J D Bernal (For module 1 ) Science in India (2 vols) — Indian National Science Academy Golden Age of Indain Mathematics — S Parameswaran Mathematics in ancient and medieval India — A G Bag (for module 3) The History of Science and Technology from ancient Greeks to scientific revolution — S Pangenburg, D K Moser, Univ Press (1993) Astronomy before the telescope : C Walker (Ed), British Museum Press (1996) (for module 2). Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata — K V Sharma(INSA 1976) The Sulbasutras — S N Sen and A K Bag(INSA 1983) History of Technology in India (INSA 2001). Histroy of Astronomy in India (INSA 2001) 11. Websites on Histroy of Science and Technology 21 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES SEMESTER III CEL1301 ELECTRONICS-II ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS MODULE 1 The differential amplifier- Emitter coupled logic, Common mode and Differential mode gain, CMRR, Single ended AC voltage gain, double ended AC voltage gain Complementary output stage, Improves differential amplifier with constant current source. DC level shifter, Integrated circuits, semiconductor processes, Monolithic ICs, Resistor and capacitor design on ICs. MODULE 2 Op-amps: Block diagram, Electrical parameters, input and output impedances, offset voltages and currents, characteristics of ideal op-amp, open loop configurations, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, stabilization of gain by negative feedback, voltage follower, current to voltage converter, Inverter and other configurations. MODULE 3 Applications of Op-amp-Analog circuits, Adding circuits, Integration and Differentiating circuits, Comparators, Zero crossing detector, Schmitt trigger, Logarithmic amplifier, voltage regulator using Op-amps, Analog computations, Basic ideas, active filters Digital fundamentals: the binary number system, octal and other codes, l's and 2's complements, Binary arithmetic, Boolean algebra, Boolean theorems, Synthesis of Boolean functions,-Logic gates, Fundamental logic operations. MODULE 4 Universal gate(NAND & NOR), combinational logic circuits, Half adder, Full adder, Half subtractor and Full subtractor, the XOR gate, Karnaugh diagram, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Logic families: DCTL, RTL, DTL NAND gate, TIT, NAND gate, ECL circuits, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logics, MOS inverter circuits, NAND &NOR CMOS switches, CMOS transmission gate. REFERENCE 1 Electronics Fundamental and Applications- J.D. Ryder,Prentice Hall, India (1993)(Text) 2 Digital Fundamentals —Floyd,Universal Publications (3 rd Ed)(2001) 3 Integrated Electronics- Milman & Halkias, Mc Graw Hill- Kogakusha(2003) (Text) 4 Digital Principles & Applications- Malvino &Leach ,Tata Mc Graw Hill 5 th Ed(1995) 5 Digital Electronics(circuits and systems) —S.N Ali.,Gelgotia Publications,2nd Ed (2002) 6 Integrated Electronics- K.R Botkar ,Khana Publishers,9 6 Ed (1996) 7 Digital Electronics- V.K Puri. Tata McGraw Hill (2006) 8 Electronic Principles —Malvino,McGraw Hill 4th Ed(1989) Op- Amps and Linear Integrated circuits- Ramakant A Gaykward PHI, (1999) Electronic Devices and Circuits- Milman and Halkias,Tata Mc Graw Hill Ed (1991) CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 22 CEL 1302 OPTICS III — OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION MODULE 1 Double beam Interferometry—Interference in a plane parallel plate and in a plate of varying thickness, Fizeau fringes, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer, Interferometric measurements of rotation ,Channeled Spectra , Achromatic fringes, Fringes of equal thickness, Fringes of equal inclination, Fringes of equal chromatic order, Phol Interferometer. Speed of light and Michelson Morley experiment. MODULE 2 Multiple beam Interferometry-multiple beam fringes of equal inclination ,visibility and Intensity distribution. Fabry–Perot Interferometer and Fabry–Perot etalon, resolving power and expression for finesse. Non–reflecting films , Highly reflecting films and Interference filters ,Broad band reflectors, band pass filters, dichroic beam spliters and cold minors. Wavefront shearing interferometers, Twyman- Green interferometer, Scanning Fabry- Perot Interferometer-central spot scanning, Spherical Fabry-Perot Interferometers, dynamic and static wavelength meters. MODULE 3 Theory of concave grating, Mountings for gratings-various mounting techniques, Grating spectrographs, resolution and dispersive power of spectrographs, single beam and double beam monochromators, UV-VIS-NIR and IR Spectrometers, FT IR Spectrophotometer, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotmeter, Fluorometer. MODULE 4 Adaptive optics-Wavefront sensor, Guided star systems, MEMS and Deformable minor and wavefront corrections, actuators, Adaptive optics and human eye, Imaging systems-Different types of projectors, LCD projectors, Endoscopes Camera, High speed camera, video camera Remote sensing and its applications- Radars and Lidars Confocal microscopes, Phase contrast microscopes. REFERENCES 1 Optical interferometry- P Hariharan, Academic press (1985) 2 Optical measurement techniques and applications - P.K Rastogi, Artech House(1997) 3 Principles of Adaptive optics: -R.K Tyson, Academic press(1998) 4 Optics – Eugene Hecht, Pearson Education Inc.,4th Edition,( 2004) 5 Basics of Interferometry - P Hariharan, Academic Press(1985) 6 Wave optics and applications - R.S Sirohi ,Orient Longman, (1993) 7 Geometrical and physical optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition, (1991) 8 Introduction to optics and optical imaging - C.Scott, S Chand Co, (1998) Principles of optics –Max Born and Emil Wolf ,Cambridge University Press,(1999) Light –Ditch Burn, ELBS, Blackie and Sons, 2 nd Edition, (1963) Handbook of Optics - Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995) Fundamentals of Optics – Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int.editions, 4th Edition,( 1981). 23 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES CEL1303 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS MODULE 1 Thermodynamic systems, thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic process and cycles, Equations of states, Laws of thermodynamics, Carnot's engine and Carnot's cycle, Carnot's theorem, Claussius theorem and inequality. Entropy_ Change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes, Entropy of ideal gas. Temperature- entropy diagram, entropy and second law of thermo dynamics. Nernst Heat Theorem . MODULE 2. Maxwell's Thermodynamics relations. Clasius - Clapeyron equation, Thermodynamic Potential. Internal energy. Helmholtz function. Enthalpy, Gibbs function, Gibhs Helmholtz equations Phase transitions and critical phenomena - Phase diagram, first order phase transition. ClausiusClapeyoron equation in the context of first order phase transition, Kirchhoff's equation, second order phase transition. Ehrnfesi's equations, liquid helium and superfluidity. MODULE 3 Macroscopic and microscopic systems- its general descriptions, phase space, ensemble, microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, density distribution in phase space. Liouville's theorem, volume conservation. MODULE 4 Distribution laws - classical and quantum statistics, Maxwell-Baltzniann distribution. Velocity distribution, equipartition of energy, relationship between entropy and probability. Partition function of monoatomic gas. Quantum Statistics- Bose -Einstein and Fermi - Dirac distributions. Bosons and Fermions, Photons and Bose statistics. Planck's law from Bosc statistics. B-E condensation. Thermionic emission and F-D statistics. REFERENCES Theoretical chemistry - Glastone (Text) Thermodynamics - Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill (1997) (Text) Thermodynamics — Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill , 5 th Edition (1968). Statistical Mechanics - K Huang ,John Wiley & sons, (1963) Modern Thermo Dynamics-D Kondepadi. Ilya Prigogene, John Wiley sons (1998) Statistical Mechanics —Kamal singh 7. Statistical Mechanics — R.K Pathria ,Butternorth-Heinemann ,(1972) CEL 1304 MATHEMATICS 111 MODULE 1 Curvlinear coordinates- spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems, unit vectors line, area and volume elements, curl, divergence and gradient in curvilinear coordinates. Laplacian operator CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 24 Tensors- Tensor Analysis - Definition, law of transformations, rank of tensor, covariant and contravariant tensors, algebra of tensors, lowering and raising of indices, contraction of tensors, fundamental tensors, metrics. Cartesian tensors, Stress, strain and Hooke's law and moduli of elasticity, Piezo electricity and dielectric susceptibility. MODULE 2 Vector space - Field, definition of vector space, innerproduct, norm, dual vectors and dual space, Bra and ket notations, linearly independent and dependent vectors, orthonormal vectors. Schmidt's othogonalisation . basis, dimension, change of basis, linear operator, adjoint and hermitian operators, matrix representation of operators, similarity and unitary transformations. eigen value and eigen vectors, projection operator, function space. Hilbert space. MODULE 3 Partial Differential equations- Separation of variables technique. Laplace's equation in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Differential equations- Series solution, ordinary and singular points. examples, Frobenius method, examples. Green's function technique to solve differential equations. MODULE 4 Sturm -Liouville Problem- Hermitian differential equations. Orthogonal functions. Legendre, Bessel and Hermite differential equations and their solutions, Legendre, Bessel and Hermite functions and their properties , Spherical Harmonics . Fourier Series. Beta and gamma functions. Properties of beta and gamma functions. Laplace transform, Laplace Transforms of some simple functions. Solving differential equations using LT. REFERENCES Vector analysis with an introduction to tensor analysis- Murray R Speigel, Tata McCraw Hill (1975) Matrices and tensors for physicists- A W Joshi, New Age International (1995) Linear vector space - Hamos Mathematics for physicists and engineers-G B Arfken, Academic Press (2001) Mathematics for Physicists - Dennery and Kerzywiki Mathematical Methods for Physicists -GB Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press (2001) A textbook of Mathematical Physics - P K Chakrabarti. SN Kundu Books and Allied Pub, Calcutta (1996) Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics Tulsi Dass. S K Sharma; University Press (1896) Mathematical Physics- Differential equations and Transform Theory, A K Ghatak, 1C Goyal. S J Chua McMillan India Ltd. (2002) Mathematical Physics (Parts 1.2 and 3)- J D Anand, P K Mittal, A Wadhwa Har, Anand Publications, ( 2003) 25 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES CEL 1305 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY MODULE 1 Structure of atom, Rutherford model, alpha particle scattering, Bohr atom model, Bohr's interpretation of H-atom, Spectral series, Ritz combination principle, combination and intercombination series, Bohr's correspondence principle, Sommerfield relativistic atom model, Wilson-Sommerfiled modification, Vector atom model, Quantum numbers, Larmor theorem. Atomic orbitals and their shapes (no derivation). Coupling schemes- Spectral terms and terms symbols based on electron configuration LS coupling, jj couplings-Hund's rule of multiplicity, selection rules, Pauli's exclusion principle, Intensity rules. MODULE 2 Symmetry of atomic states, equivalent and nonequivalent electrons, normal and inverted atoms, fine structure of doublet states-Sodium D1,D2 lines, Hydrogen structure, Fine structure of ionized helium, Expression for electron spin interaction, Lande Interval rule. ectra of one electron systems- Hydrogen and alkali atoms, Fine structure of alkali atoms, Hydrogen spectra- Hyperfine structure, Lande Interval rule, Lamb shift. Intensity of spectral lines, Spectra of two electron systems- Alkaline-earth atoms. MODULE 3 Zeeman Effect, Anomalous and normal Zeeman effect, Lande's g factor, Zeeman effect in sodium atom, Experiment-Intensity distribution of Zeeman lines-BDO rule, Keiss and Megger's rule, Evaluation of Zeeman shift. Paschen-Back effect, splitting of sodium lines, selection rules. Zeeman and Paschen-back effect in Hydrogen. MODULE 4 Stark effect-experiment- Stark effect in Hydrogen. Weak field and strong field effect- First order and second order stark effect in Hydrogen (qualitative ideas only) X-ray spectra- Mosely's law, practical applications of singlet oxygen. REFERENCES Atomic spectra —White, Tata Mc Graw Hill NY(1983) (Text) Atomic spectra and atomic structure — J Hertzberg ,Dover Publishers NY, 2' Edition, (1944) Spectroscopy Vol.I — Stroghen And Walker, John Wiley & Sons,(1976) Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta , Kumar and Sharma, Pragathi prakashan Meerat, 6th Ed (1983) Concepts of Modern Physics —Beiser ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ( 2003) Atomic and Molecular physics —C.L Arora (S Chand Publishing Company, 3 rd Edition, (2001) Quantum physics - Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley, 2' Ed (2002)(Text) Atomic spectra structure and Modern spectroscopy-D.K Rai, S. N Thakur,Vaivaswat Publication, Varanasi, 1" Ed (2005) CEL 1306 Lab /Viva CEL 1307 Seminar CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 26 SEMESTER IV • CEL 1401 ELECTRONICS III MICROPROCESSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS MODULE 1 Flip-flop, RS latches, level clocking, D latcher, edge triggered D flip fops, JK flip flop, JK Master slave flip-flops. MODULE 2 Registers and counters: Shift register, controlled shift registers, Ripple counters, decoding gates, synchronous counters, Ring counters, changing the counter modulus, decade counters. MODULE 3 Basic D/A converter, variable, resister networks, binary ladders, A/D converters, counter method, successive approximation, dual slope A/D conversion, A/D accuracy and resolution, VCO, sample and hold circuits, Static RAMs, Dynamic RAMs. MODULE 4 Microprocessors 8085: Block diagram, pin out diagram, instruction format, Addressing modes, Instruction types- Data transfer instruction, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions, Program control instructions, input output instructions, stack instructions, instruction timing and execution, timing diagrams ,Programming Microprocessors. Peripheral operations- Interrupt system, Serial input and Serial output, Programmed I/O ports, Memory interfacing, Direct Memory Access, DMA controller. REFERENCES Digital Electronic Principles- Malvino ,Tata McGraw Hill 4" Ed(1989)(Text) Microprocessor Architecture Programming and applications using 8085 - R.S Goanker, Prentice Hall India ,5" Ed (2006) Electronic Devices- Applications and Integrated circuits-Mathur Kulashreshta and Chandha, Umesh publications Digital principles and applications —Malvino & Leach,Tata Mc Grow Hil1,5" Ed(1995) (Text) 5. Fundamentals of Micro processers and Microcomputers — B. Ram ,Bhantat Rai Publishers,6" Ed (2006)(Text) 6 Microprocesser (8085) And its Applications-A. Nagoorkani, RBA Publications (2004) Digital Logic and Computer Design-M Morris Manno,PHI (1995) Fundamentals of digital circuits-A Anadan, PHI (2006) 9. 27 Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan & S Arivazhavan, Vikas Pub. (2003) CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES CEL1402 COMPUTER SCIENCE MODULE 1 Computers and peripherals: Definition of Computer — Computers for individual users, organizations & Society — Why are computers so important? — Parts of a computer system — Information processing cycle —hardware — Software —System and application software — data - computer users - Keyboard standards, functions of keyboard controller, keyboard buffer — Mouse, its parts, mechanical and optical mouse, functioning of mouse, trackballs, and track pads - Ergonomics and input devices, Avoiding Repetitive Stress Injuries - Pens — Touch Screens - Game Controllers — Bar Code Readers, Image Scanners, OCR — Microphones, input through MIDI, digital camera, video camera, Webcam, and camcoders — CRT Monitors, Flat-panel monitors (LCD), Paper-white displays, ELD, Plasma displays, Factors for comparing monitors, Video cards, Ergonomics and monitors, avoiding eyestrain and EMF health hazards, data projectors, sound systems, sound cards, head phones and head sets, bioacoustics - Printers, their types, factors for comparing printers, High-quality printers like Photo printers, Thermal-wax printers, Dye-Sublimation printers, Plotters, care and feeding of printers. MODULE 2 Software: Algorithms, development of simple C programs — SDLC - Software engineering basics — Basics of Information and MIS. Processor & Storage: Number systems, EBCDIC, ASCII — ALU — Machine cycles — Nonvolatile, Volatile & Cache memories — Factors affecting processing speed — Bus and bus standards - Modern CPUs & manufacturers — RISC, CISC — Parallel processing —Serial, Parallel, SCSI, USB, IEEE 1394 & MIDI ports— Expansion Slots and boards — PCMCIA — Plug and play — Magnetic Storage, types, capacities, tracks, sectors, How OS finds data on a disk?, FAT, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5, HPFS — Floppy diskettes - Hot-swappable disks — tapes - Optical storage, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, PhotoCD, DVD-R & DVD-RAM and their functioning — Solid state storage devices, Flash Memory, Smart cards, SSD — Average access time, Data transfer rate, Optimizing disk performance - Drive-interface standards. MODULE 3 Operating Systems & Utilities: OS types, OS services, OS enhancement with utility software, defragmentation, data compression, backup, antivirus, firewall, intrusion detection, OSs like DOS workstations, Windows -9x, -2000, -XP, Mac, UNIX, Linux, Network OSs like Windows-NT server, Windows-server-2003, and Novell Netware, Embedded OSs, Word processing, spreadsheet, presentation programs, graphic and multimedia apps, file formats and compatibility issues, DBMS basics, COM / DCOM basics in OSs and computer languages. MODULE 4 Networking and other computing issues: Networking basics & objectives, LAN, WAN, CAN, MAN, HAN, Intranets, Extranets, Server-based networks, Client-Server networks, Peer-to-peer networks, cyberslacking, Network topologies and protocols, cables, wireless media, NIC, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateways, Cabling equipments, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Data communication with modem, Broadband, DSL, cable modem, ISDN, ATM, wireless networks 802.11, wireless access point, wireless adapter - History of the Internet - major services of the Internet, WWW, e-mail, How web works, Web browsers, HTML tags, URL, helper apps, multimedia content - Tools for searching the web, Boolean operators for searching, advanced search, meta search — e-mail, FTP, IRC, P2P services - e-commerce, B2B - Basic security concepts CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 28 & threats to users, hardware and data, Common hacking methods, Cyberterrorism, Protective rights and measures - Ethical issues in computing. REFERENCES Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6 th Edition, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi (Text). Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach, Roger S. Pressman, 5 th Edition, McGrawHill International Edition. Management Information Systems, Dr. P. Mohan, 7 th Edition, 2005, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. Management Information Systems — Managing The Digital Firms, Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon, 8th Edition, Indian Reprint, 2004, Pearson Education (Singapore), Delhi. IT Fundamentals — Tools and Applications, T. Ramachandran Nambissan, 2003 Dhruv Publications, Delhi. COM/DCOM Primer Plus, Chris Corry, Vincent Mayfield, John Cadman, Randy Morin, First Indian Edition, Techmedia, New Delhi. 7. The C programming Language, Brain W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie, Prentice-Hall of India. CEL1403 QUANTUM MECHANICS I MODULE 1 Quantum aspects of black body radiation, Planck's Law, Photoelectric effect, Einstein's photoelectric equation, Compton effect, Bohr atom model, Frank-Hertz experiment, WilsonSomerfield quantization rule and application to H-atom, Stern-Gerlach experiment, wave aspects of particles, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson and Germer experiment, Diffraction of electron beam, wave packet, Group velocity and phase velocity, superposition, uncertainty principle, consequences of uncertainty principle, complementarity principle. MODULE 2 Schrodinger wave function, particle in a box, SchrOdinger's equation for a particle subjected to forces, wave function and its interpretations, probability ,probability current density and continuity equation, expectation values, Erhnfest theorem, admissibility conditions of wave functions, normalizations of wave functions, box normalization, time dependent and time independent Schr8dinger equations, stationary states and super position principle. MODULE 3 Postulates of Wave Mechanics, Dynamical variables as operators, Linear operators, Commutator brackets,Dirac's notation, matrix representation of operators, Eigen functions and Eigen values, Hermition operators and their properties, Orthogonality conditions, Schimidt's orthogonalization procedure, Physical significance of Eigen functions and Eigen values, Degeneracy, Simultaneous measurability and general uncertainty relations. MODULE 4 Applications of SchrOdinger equation, Linear harmonic oscillator solutions, One dimensional square well potential of finite and infinite depth, Square potential barrier, Quantum mechanical tunneling, Alpha decay. Particle in a spherically symmetric potential, Hamiltonial of two interacting particles, Rigid rotator, Hydrogen atom, Energy Eigen values, Hydrgen wave function, Radial probability density functions and Hydrogen atom orbitals. 29 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES REFERENCES •1. Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldhas, Printice Hall India (2004)(Text) Quantum mehanics —A.Konar, Decca Students Library Publications, 1 st Edition (1988). Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik John Wiley sons(2002) Concepts of modern physics —Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill (2002) (Text) Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006) Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002) Modern physics-Murugesan, S. Chand & Co.( 2005) Atomic and molecular physics-C.L Arora, S Chand Publishing Company, 3" Edition(2001) • Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash, Printice Hall India (2002) CEL 1404 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND RELATIVISTIC PHENOMENA Reading section: Vector algebra and vector calculus MODULE 1 Electrostatics: Electric field, Gauss's Law in integral and differential forms, applications of Guass's law, Scalar potential, Energy of continuous charge distribution, Poisson and Laplace equations, Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem, Dielectrics, induces dipoles, polarization and field of a polarized object, Guass's law for dielectric media, Displacement field, linear dielectric and dielectric constant, energy and forces in dielectric systems. MODULE 2 Magnetostatics : Magnetic fields & magnetic forces, Bio-Savart law, Amper's law, Applications ofAmperes law, Magnetic vector potential, Magnetization, Torque and forces on magnetic dipoles, The field of a magnetized object, Amper's law in magnetized material, Boundary conditions, Magnetic susceptibility and permeability. MODULE 3 Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, energy and magnetic field, Maxwells equation inn vaccum and dielectric media, Vector and Scalar potentials, gauge transformations- Lorentz and Coulomb gauges, Solutions of Maxwell's equation in vacuum and dielectric media, Poyting's theorem, conservation of energy and momentum, Reflection and refraction of EMW at dielectric boundaries, Snell's law, TIR, Brewster's angle. MODULE 4 Michelson- Morley experiment, Postulates of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, velocity addition, velocity dependent mass, structure of space-time and Minkowski diagram, Relativistic Mechanics- proper time, proper velocity, Relativistic momentum and energy, Compton scattering, Magnetism as relativistic phenomenon. Transformation of fields, the field tensor, four vectors, Maxwell's equation in tensor form. REFERENCE 1 Introduction to electrodynamics-David Grifftiths, Pearecan Cdeation(1999)(Text) 2 Electrodynamics —J.D Jackson, John Wiley & Sons ( 2003) 3 Feynman lectures in physics — Feynman, Vol 1&2 ,Narosa Publishing house(2003) CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 30 4 Electricity and Magnetism — K K Tewari, S Chand & Company, 3 1d Edition (2005). Electricity and Magnetism —D.N Vasudeva ,S Chand Publishing Cortpany(2002) Classical Electrodynamics- P S Sen Gupta, New Age International (2000) Electromagnetic Theory and wave propagation- S N Ghosh , Narosa Publishers 2" d Ed(2002) Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" d Ed (1998) CEL 1405 MATHEMATICS IV MODULE 1 Fourier Transform, Properties of FT, Convolution Theorem, Solving differential equations using FT. Functions of complex variables: Analytic functions, power series, Taylor and Laurent series, Contour integration, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, integration involving branch cuts and branch points. MODULE 2 Group Theory: Definiton, multiplication table, permutation group, representation of Group, Isomorphism and homomorphism, Character table, classes, symmetry operations, reducible and irreducible representations, applications to simple molecules like H2O. MODULE 3 Solutions of algebraic and Transcendental equations: Newton — Raphson method for single and two variables, solutions of systems of nonlinear equations using method of iteration, Newton's formula for interpolation, Central difference. Curve fitting — Least square curve fitting- straight line, nonlinear curve, method of least squares for continuous function. MODULE 4 Numerical differentiation and integration- Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rules, Double integration using trapezoidal and Simpson's rules. Initial and Boundary value problems: Single step methods, Taylor's series, Runge — Kutta Method, Finite difference solution for second order ordinary differential equations. REFERENCES Mathematics for Physicists and Engineers — Arfken, Academic Press ( 2001) (Text) Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics — T Dass and S K Sharma Chemcal applications of Group theory — F A Cotton, Wiley Eastern ( 1971) Complex variables — Schaum Series Elements of Group theory physicists— A W Joshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd,3 rd Ed (1988) Introductory methods of numerical analysis — C S Sastry , Prentice Hall India ( 2001) (Text) Numerical methods — P Kandasamy, K Thilagavathy, K Gunavathy, S Chand &Co ( 2003) • Numerical methods — Balagurusamy ,Tata Mc Grow Hill ( 2001) I CEL 1406 LAB / VIVA CEL 1407 WORK SHOP CEL 1408 SEMINAR 31 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES SEMESTER V CEL 1501 OPTICS IV APPLIED OPTICS MODULE 1 Photometry and radiometry-'quantities and units, colourimetry- chromaticity coordinates UCS diagrams, colour temperature, visual basis of colourimetry, Human eye and color deficiency, color vision model. Birefringence-Birefringent crystals, Birefringent polarisers, Wave plates (half —wave,full-wave and quarter-wave ) Compensaters and variable retarders, Circular polarisers. Optical activityDextro and Lavo rotatory substances, optical activity in liquids, Half shade polarimeter. MODULE 2 Optical anisotropy- Index ellipsoid ,Stress Birefringence-Photo elasticity. Stress induced optical effects-E 0 effects (Pockels effect and Kerr effect ),M 0 effects-Faraday isolator, Faraday rotator, A 0 effects-Raman —Nath scattering Bragg scattering, ,E 0, M 0 materials, Application to modulation. MODULE 3 Analysis of Polarisation - Mathematical description of polarization, states of polarization, Polarization ellipse, special forms, Elliptical parameters, stokes polarization parameters, Stokes vectors, Stokes parameters for polarized and unpolarized light .Stokes intensity formula, Jone's and Muller matrix calculus, Matrices for polarizer, retarader and rotator in both representations, Muller matrix for a depolarizer, Neutral density filter. Poincare's sphere, representation of polarization states. MODULE 4 Light sources-Standardisation of light sources- Incandescent lamps and Fluoecent lamps, Tungston halogen lamps, Halogen lamps, High pressure and low pressure discharge lamps- Sodium, Hydrogen, Mercury, Metal halide lamps. Electrodeless discharge lamps. REFERENCES Handbook of applied photometry- C De Cusatis(Ed) AIP(1997) Introduction to solid state lighting- Zukauskas, Shur, Caska, Wiley (2001) Polarization of light — S Huard, Jihn Wiley and Sons (1997) Wave optics and applications — R S Sirohi( Orient Longman 2001) Polarised light — Edward Collet, Marcel and Dekker (1992) Optics — Eugene Heht (3 rd Ed,Addison Weseli Long Inc (1998) Optical electronics-Thyagarajan and Ghatak ,Cambridge University press (1997) Introduction to optoelectronics-Wilson and Hawkes ,PHI (1996) Principles of optics- Max Born & Emil Wolf Cambridge University Press, 7th Edition (1981) Fundamentals of optics —Jenkins & White Mc Grow Hill International Edition,4 th Edition (1981) CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 32 Introductio to classical and Modern optics - Jurgen R Mayer Arendt, Prentice Hall India, 2" Edition(1984). Modern optics - R. Guenther, John Wiley sons (1990). CEL 1502- ELECTRONICS IV- ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION MODULE 1 DC and AC Deflection Instruments — Currentmeters, Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Hotwire ammeters, rectifier instruments, Comparison measurements — Potentiometers, automated comparison circuits. Digital instruments — Binary and decimal counters, display devices, frequency and period counters. Electronic multimeters — Electronic ohmmeters and digital voltmeters. MODULE 2 Oscilloscopes — Deflection systems, X-Y and Y-t Oscilloscopes, Triggered sweep, Sensitivity, bandwidth rise time, dual-beam models, storage oscilloscope - digital storage oscilloscopes, sampling oscilloscopes Recording systems — X-t and X-Y recorders. MODULE 3 Tuned amplifiers — Chopper stabilized amplifiers, measurements on untuned and tuned amplifier circuits. Lock-in amplifier, Voltage gain and output power measurements, testing tuned circuits, spectrum analysers, BOXCAR averagers. MODULE 4 IT transducers- transducers and transduction, strain gauges, temperature transducers, inductive transducers, LVDT, position-displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure and capacitative transducers. Data converters — DAC and Servo ADC circuits, parallel converters. Voltage to frequency converters Micro computers — advantages of micro computers, microcomputer interfacing, microcomputers in instrument and system design, introduction to GPIB. REFERENCES Elements of electronic instrumentation and measurement - J J Car, Prentice Hall India (1986) (Text) Industrial and Solid State Electronics: Devices and Systems - T J Maloney, Prentice Hall India (1986) A course in electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation — A K Sawhney, Danapath Rai and Co (2005) Electronic Instrumentation- H.S Kalsi, Tata Mc Graw Hill (2006) 5. Transducers and Instrumentation — P V S Murthy, Prentice Hall India (2003) CEL 1503 QUANTUM MECHANICS II MODULE 1 Position and Momentum representations in Q.M. Time evolution of a system — SchrOdinger picture, Heisenberg picture and interaction picture. Matrix formulation of quantum mechanics — matrix representations of operators and wave functions, matrix representation of eigen value problem, momentum representation, Dirac bra and ket notations.matrix formulation of linear harmonic oscillator.. 33 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES MODULE 2 Solution of linear harmonic oscillator-operator method, coherent states, number operator, density operator, Dirac delta function. Theory of angular momentum, basic commutation relations of angular momentum operators eigen value and eigen functions of angular momentum op. — L 2, Lz, J2 , J. Angular momentum matrices, spin, Pauli spin matrices, addition of angular momenta, identical particles. MODULE 3 Time independent perturbation-first order and second order approximation, stark effect, degenerate states, variational method, hydrogen and helium atoms, WKB approximation. Time dependent perturbation theory-first order approximation, constant and harmonic perturbation, transition probability, dipole approx., Einstein coefficient, quantization of EM field,spontaneous and stimulated emission. MODULE 4 Scattering theory, partial wave analysis, Born Approximation, scattering by hard sphere, square well and coulomb scattering. Relativistic quantum mechanics- Klein-Gordon equation, plane wave solutions, interpretation of K-G equation, Dirac equation, Dirac matrices, plane wave solution, positron theory, spin of electrons from Dirac theory. REFERENCES Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldas, Printice Hall India ,( 2004)(Text) Quantum mehanics —L I Schiff , Mc Grow Hill ( 1968) Quantum physics-Ghatak and Lokanathan,McMillian, 5th Ed (2003 )(Text) Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006) Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002) Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash , Printice Hall India (2002) 7. Modern Quantum Mechanics- J J Sakurai,Pearson Education ,Revised Ed (2003) CEL 1504 MATERIAL SCIENCE MODULE 1 Crystal symmetry and crystal systems-Traslational vectors and lattices, unit cell, miller indices, symmetric operations, reciprocal lattices, hexagonal close packed structure, NaCl, CsCI, Diamond and ZnS structures —X ray diffraction and Bragg's law, Powder diffraction, different types of bonding in crystals, Vander vaal's, ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds. MODULE 2 Lattice vibrations-Phonons, phonon spectra of monoatomic and diatomic linear lattices, scattering of phonons by neutrons, experimental techniques to get phonon spectra, lattice heat capacity, Einstein Model, Debye's Model. Band theory of solids, density of states, Fermi level, origin of bands, classification of materials based on band gap. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 34 MODULE 3 Electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors, effect of doping on Fermi level in semiconductors. Bloch theorem, Kronig —Penny model, electrical conductivity in exintrinsic semiconductors Super Conductivity Types of semiconductors, Meissner effect, isotope effect, BCS theory, Josephson effect, SQUID, High temperature super conductors, Applications. Use of SEM, TEM, AFM for material characterization. MODULE 4 Dielectric property of solids-polarisability, ferroelectric crystals, magnetic properties of solids, dia, para and ferro magnetism, ferromagnetic domains, hysterisis, BH curve, adiabatic demagnetization, Clausius-Mosotti relation, Lorentz-Lorentz formula, Curie-Weiss law, Langevin's theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism. REFERENCES 1 Solid state Physics-Kittel, Wiley Eastern (1974) 2 Introduction to Solids- Azaroff, Tata McGraw Hill (1977) (Text) 3 Text book of Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2002) 4 Problems in Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2003) 5 Solid State Physics- A J Dekker , MacMillian India Ltd (2002) CEL 1505 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY MODULE I Microwave spectra of molecules- rotation of molecules, Rotational energy levels of rigid and non-rigid diatomic molecules, Rotational term values, Pure rotational spectra of diatomic molecules, Effect of isotropic substitution-spectra, Polyatomic molecules, linear and symmetric top, Microwave spectrometer, Evaluation of molecular constants. Diatomic vibrating rotator, vibrational term values, evaluation of vibrational constants of diatomic. IR spectroscopy, pure vibration spectrum of diatomic molecules, SHO and anharmonic oscillator. molecules from IR spectra, Interaction of and vibration , breakdown of Born-Oppenheimer approximation. MODULE 2 Vibration of polyatomic molecules- Modes of vibration of linear tri atomic and nonlinear tri atomic molecules with special reference to CO 2 and 1120. Linear and symmetric top-Analysis by IR spectroscopy. Experimental techniques of IR spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy : Classical and quantum theory of Raman effect. Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman lines, Pure rotational Raman spectra, Linear symmetric, top and spherical top molecules, vibrational Raman spectra, Complementary nature of IR and Raman spectra. Structure determination from Raman and IR spectra, Experimental techniques and instrumentation. 35 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES MODULE 3 Electronic spectroscopy- Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Vibrational coarse structure, progressions and sequences, Deslander's table isotope effect, Frank-Condon principle. Intensity distribution in absorbtion and emission spectra. Condon parabola, Dissociation and predesosiation, Evaluation of dissociation energy, Rotaional fine structure of electronic spectra - P,Q R branchs, Band head formation, Band shading-Fortrat parabola. Basic ideas of experimental techniques. MODULE 4 Spin resonance spectroscopy- Spin and applied field-Theory of NMR, Experimental techniques and relaxation- Chemical shift ESR-Theory and experimental techniques- g factor-Hyperfine structure Mossbauer's spectroscopy, Mossbauer's effect-theory and experimental techniques, Isomer shift REFERENCES Molecular Spectroscopy —Banwell ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ,4 th Ed (1995) (Text) Molecular Spectroscopy-Anildhas ,Orient Longman (2001) Spectra of Diatomic molecules-Gerald Hertz Berg , Dover Publishers (1983) Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley sons(2002) Spectroscopy —Stroghen & Walker Vol.2 ,John Wiley Sons,N Y (1976) Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta Kumar and Sharma ,Pragathi Prakashan Meerut, 6th Ed(1983) Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy-C,L Arora ,S Chand Publishing Company,3 rd Edition (2001) Spectroscopy and Molecular structure - G.W King ,Holt,Rinehart & Winston Inc(1964) 9. Molecular Spectroscopy- Raman Gopalan and Raghavan, Thomson Learning Publishers(2004) CEL 1506 LAB/ VIVA CEL 1507 SEMINAR CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 36 SEMESTER VI CEL 1601 PHOTONICS I - OPTOELECTRONICS MODULE I Electronic properties of semi conductors - effect of pressure and temperature on band gap. density of carriers in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Consequence of heavy doping, conduction processes in semiconductors, electron-hole pair formation and recombination. PN junction, carrier recombination and diffusion, injection efficiency, heterojunction, internal quantum efficiency, double heterojunction, quantum well, quantum dot and super lattices. MODULE 2 Optical proprieties of semiconductors-Excitation absorption, donor-acceptor and impurity band absorption, long wavelength absorption. Basics of all solid state lamps-LED materials and device configuration, efficiency, high brightness LEDs, Light extraction from LEDs, LED structures-SH, DH, SQW, MQW, Device performance characteristics. Manufacturing processing and applications- White solid state lamps. MODULE 3 Photodetectors- Thermal detectors, photoconductors, Junction photodiodes, APD, Optical heterodyning and electro-optic measurements, fibre coupling, phototransister, Modulated barrier PD, Schottky Barrier PD. MSM PD. Detectors for long wavelength operation, microcavity PD, Solar cells- I-V characteristics and spectral response. Materials and design considerations of solar cells. MODULE 4 Display devices- PL, EL and CL displays, displays based on LED, Plasma panel and LCD. Optoelectronics modulation and switching devices-Analog and Digital modulation. EO, AO and MO modulators, SEED. REFERENCES Semiconductor optoeletronic devices-Pallab Bhattacharaya, PHI,(1995) (Text) An introduction to optoelectronics- Wilson & Hawkes., Prentice Hall India, (1996) Optic fiber communications —J.M Senior ,Prentice Hall India, (1995) Semiconductor Optoelectronics-Jasprit Singh Tata Mc Graw Hill, (1995) Light Emitting Diodes-E Fred Scheubert ,Cambridge University Press,(2003) Solid State Lighting-Zukazukasu, John Wiley Sons NY,( 2002) 7. Optoelectronic devices and systems- S C Gupta ,Prentice Hall India (2005) CEL1602 PHOTONICS II - FIBRE OPTICS MODULE 1 Optical waveguides, numerical aperture, Modes in planar waveguides, Goos-Hanschen effect, evanescent field. Cylindrical fibres. Step index and graded index fibres, single mode and multimode 37 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES fibres, cut of wavelengths, channel waveguides, electro optic waveguides, i/p and o/p couplers, e-o and m -o modulators applications of integrated optics - lenses, grating, spectrum analysers. MODULE 2 Transmission characteristics of optical fibre, attenuation, absorption and scattering losses, nonlinear losses, wavelengths for communication, bend losses, dispersion effects in optical fibresmaterial and waveguide dispersions, modal birefringence and polarization maintaining fibres. MODULE 3 Optical fibre measurements - Allennnuation, loss dispersion band width, refractive index profile. OTDR. testing of optical fibre systems, eye pattern techniques. Fabrication and characterization of Polymer fibres and holey fibres. Erbium doped fihres. MODULE 4 Fibre optic sensors - Intensity modulation and interference type sensors, intrinsic: and extrinsic fibres. Polarisation modulation type sensors. Sagniac and fibre gyro, temperature, pressure, force and chemical sensors. Fibre components - couplers, connectors, Packaging, Fibre Optic communication- basic principle, WDM, telemetric applications. Industrial, medical and technological applications of optical fibre. REFERENCES Optical Fibre communication - J M Senior .Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text) Optical Fibre communication sy'stems - J Gowar ,Prentice Hall India (1995) Fibre optic communication - J Palais , Prentice Hall India (1988) Fundamentals of Fibre Optic Telecommunication -B P Pal., Wiley Eastern(1994) Integrated Optics - R G Husperger . Springer Verlag, (1998) Fundamentals of Fibre Optics-B P Pal. ,Wiley Eastern., (1994) 7. Understanding Fiber optics- J Hecht ,Pearson Edu. Inc (2006) CEL 1603 PHOTONICS III - LASER PHYSICS MODULE 1 Radiative transitions and emission linewidths. Radiative decay of excited states, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings. Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emissions. Einstein's A and B Coefficients. Absorption and gain of homogeneously broadened radiative transitions, gain coefficient and stimulated emission cross section for homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. MODULE 2 Necessary and sufficient conditions for laser action ( population invasion and saturation intensity), threshold requirements for laser with and without cavity, laser amplifiers, rate equations for three and four level systems, pumping mechanisms. Laser cavity modes- longitudinal and transverse modes in rectangular cavity. FP cavity modes, Spectral and spatial hole burning, stability of laser resonator and stability diagram, unstable and ring resonators. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 38 MODULE 3 Q-switching and Mode locking, active and passive techniques, generation of giant pulses and pico second optical pulses, Properties of laser be»ra and techniques to characterize laser beam. MODULE 4 Generation of ultra fast Optical pulses - Pulse compression. Femto second optical pulses, characterization of femto second pulses. Semi classical theory of lasers, polarization in the medium, first order theory. REFERENCES Laser Fundamentals - W T Silfvast, Cambridge University Press (1996)(Text) Laser Electronics - J T Vardeyan. PHI,2 nd Ed (1989) Lasers-Theory and Applications- Ghatak and Thyagarajan, McMillan (2002) (Text) Principles of lasers - Svelto, Plenum Press (1948) Solidstate laser engineering - Koechner, Springer Verlag (1993) Laser Physics- Tarasov. Mir Publishers (1985) CEL 1604 —PROJECT/VIVA CEL 1605 -LAB/VIVA 39 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES SEMESTER VII • CEL 2701 ADVANCED SOLID STATE THEORY Reading Section: Crystal structures. X-ray crystallography MODULE I Free electrons in metals - ground state of free electron gas, heat capacity of free electron gas, transport properties of conduction electrons. Wiedemall -Franz law and temperature dependence of electrical and thermal conductivities. Hall effect, energy band structure, tight binding approach. Waves in crystals - normal modes , Bloch's theorem, disperson relations. MODULE 2 Semi conductors- electrons and boles, electrical conductivity, continuity equations, Parra, dia, ferro and ferri magnetism. Weiss molecular field. Neel model of anti ferromagnetism. spin wave, dielectrics - polarization due to relative motion of electrons and nuclei. Pyroelectric materials. Landau model. MODULE 3 Super conductivity . Type 1 and Type II. London equation, Theory of super conductivity. Cooper problem and origin of attractive interaction . super conducting ground stale, order parameter, flux quanisation, Josephson effects SQUID, Scattering of electrons and neutrons from solids, neutron scattering and phonon spectra, election scattering Metals- Fermi surfaces, density of states. MODULE 4 Luminescence emission from semi conductors ,Oscillator strength of hand-to-band transition. Franz-Keldysh and Slark effect. Kramers- Kronig relations (ref 2). Low dimensional structures- Quantum wells and quantum dots- creation and structure of quantum dots, single particle states of quantum dots, selection rules for inter band transitions, Intra and inter band transitions, Photoluminescence and absorption spectra, capacitance spectroscopy, self assembled quantum dots, quantum dots in magnetic field, Exciton in quantum dot. REFERENCES I. Solid state Physics- I L Hook and H E Hall, John Wiely Sons 2" Ed, (1993) Semiconductor Optoelectronics - Pallab Bhatacharya, Prentice Hall 2nd Ed( 2002) Quantum dots- L Jacak .P Hawylak, A Wojs,. Springer Verlag. (1998) Solid State Physics — Kind, Wiley Eastern (1974) Solid state Physics -A J Dekker, MacMillan India Ltd (2002) CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 40 CEL 27 02 LASER SYSTEMS AND LASER APPLICATIONS MODULE 1 Classification of lasers, Type of pumping, design aspects of resonator, stable and unstable resonators, tuning mechanism, He-Ne laser. CO2 laser, Ar ion laser , Dye laser, semi conductor laser. Nd YAG laser. OPO Laser. FEL, Pico and Femto second lasers, Recombination laser. X-ray laser. DFB laser, surface emitting and rare earth doped lasers. MODULE 2 Laser diode-Thresold current and power output ,Semi conductor lasers, Hetrojunction lasers Quantum well lasers, DFB and surface emitting lasers, Industrial Applications of lasers, absorption of radiation by metals, semiconductors and insulators, laser drilling, welding, cutting and surface cleaning, laser generated plasma and laser deposition of thin film, optical fibre spiking, generation of fibre grating. MODULE 3 Lasers in chemistry, isotope separation, laser induced chemical reaction, infrared photochemistry, ultrafast processes, monitoring fast chemical reactions, biological effects of electromagnetic radiation, lasers in medicine, photodynamic therapy, laser angioplasty, lasers in surgery, laser displays. MODULE 4 Holography and Speckle interferometry, hologram recording and recombination, thin and thick holograms, applications of holography in NDT and pattern recognition. Principles of Speckle interferometry and its applications to NDT. Other applications of lasers- laser pollution monitoring, LIDAR, laser gyros, laser induced fusion, CD ROM, laser cooling and trapping of atoms- magnetic and optical traps, optical molasses, lasers in computing- optical logic gates. REFERENCES I. Principles of lasers -Svelto, Plenum Press 1998 Solid state laser engineering — W Koechner, Springer Verlag, Revised edition (2006) Laser Processing and analysis of materials- W W Duley, Plenum Press (1983) NdYag laser surgery — Joffy S N, Y Ogurov, Springer velag Lasers in medicine - H K Kobener, Wiley Sons Laser cooling and trapping - H J Metcalfe and P Van der Staten , Springer verlag Lasers and nonlinear optics - B B Laud, Wiley Eastern 3 rd Ed (2004) Optical computing - D G Beitelson, MIT Press (2000) Fundamentals of Photonics - B E A Salch. M C Teich .John Wiley Sons, 2 nd Edition(2007) Optical measurement technology and applications PK Rustogi, Artech. House (2001) Optical Holography- P Hariharan, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition (1996). 12. Laser Processing and Chemistry- Dieter Bauerde, Springer Verlag, 2 nd Edition (1995). CEL 2EX1 Elective I ( from the list) CEL 2EX2 Elective II( from the list) 41 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES CEL 2703 LAB I-ELECTRONICS CEL 2704 LAB II - MATHEMATICAL MODELLING & SIMULATION This paper is fully practical oriented . It is mandatory to simulate at least one problem from each unit, by creating the model and simulating it using C or C++. Alab test of three hours duration would ensure the coverage and preparation. Simulation using Graph Theory is also envisaged in this course. REFERENCES System simulation with digital computer — Narsingh Deo, Prentice Hall India (2003)(Text) Graph Theory with Applicaations to Engneering and computer science- Narsingh Deo, Prentice Hall India (2003) (Text). CEL 2705 SEMINAR / VIVA CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 42 SEMESTER VIII CEL 2801 NON LINEAR OPTICS Reading : Maxwell's equations. Poynting vector. Propagation of EMW in conducting and nonconducting media. Boundary conditions and snell's laws. MODULE 1 Nonlinear optical coefficients, second order and third order susceptibility tensors, propagation of EMW through second order nonlinear media. OSHG. phase matching. OPO frequency conversion, experimental technique in study second order non linearity. MODULE 2 Third order NLO. FWM. Phase conjugate Optics, Distortion correction theorem, Generation of OPC waves, Coupled mode formulation, Experimental set up, Experiments involving OPCResonators with OPC mirror, Distortion correction within resonator, Imaging through distorting medium, Image processing through FWM. MODULE 3 Two photon absorption, Experimental set up to detect TPA, Stimulated Raman Scattering, CARS, Raman laser, Intensity dependent refractive index, Z-scan technique, Maxwell- Bloch equation, Self induced transparency, Pulse area theorem, self focusing, Threshold condition for self focusing. MODULE 4 Saturable and reverse saturate absorbers, optical limiting , Z-scan technique, Nonlinear Fabry — Perot etalon, Optical transistors, NL F-P as computing element, Optical logic gates, Opticl bistability — absorptive and dispersive type bistabilities. REFERENCES Nonlinear Optics. - Shen. John Wiley and Sons (1991) \ - A Yariv Oxford University press Optical electronics in modern communication (5 th Ea) (1997). Quantum Electronics —A Yarive, Accademic Press, 3 rd Ed(1989) Non- Linear Fibre optics- Govind P Agarwal,Accademic Press, 2" d Ed(1989) 5. Polarisation of Light in Non- Linear optics- P Svirko &N I Zheludev, John Wiley Sons(1998) CEL 2802 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Module I Characteristics of signals — unit step function, impulse, ramp functions, frequency spectum of periodic wave functions. 43 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES Discrete time signals: properties of discrete lime system, difference equation representation, sampling and igitization Z transform, inverse Z transform. Discrete FT and its properties. FFT, decimation in time and frequency. MODULE 2 Two dimensional Z-transform. Digital fillers, IK and FIR filters Design of IIR and FIR filters. Window function. MODULE 3 Fresnel Transform, Hilbert, Radon and Mellin transforms, Two dimensional Fourier Transform, convolution and correlation. Effect of lens on wavefront. FT properly of lens, OTF. Time and space integrating architecture, spectrum analysis, Vanderlugt filter. MODULE 4 Image spatial filtering. SLMs AO. MO, EO and LC based SLMs, Optical numerical processing. Simple .-arithmatic evaluation of polynomials. Optical implementation of matrix vector multiplication, double integration, partial differential equations. REFERENCES 7. An introduction to analog and digital communication- Simon Haykin. John Wiley, (1994). Modern digital and analog communication systems — Lathi B P, CULT OXFORD, (1998). Signal processing using optics- B G Boone,Oxford Univ Press, (2000). Optical computing-D G Feitelson.,MIT Press, (2001). Digital image processing- B Jahane, Springer verlag, (1997). The Fourier Transform And its Applications to Optics-P M Duffieux, John Wiley Sons 2nd Ed, (1983) Contemperory optics- Thygarajan & Ghatak, Mac Millian India, (1981) CEL 2EX3- Elective III, 2EX4 - Elective IV CEL 2803 LAB -1 ELECTRONICS CEL 2804 LAB- II PHOTONICS CEL 2805 SEMINAR /VIVA CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 44 SEMESTER IX CEL 2901 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION MODULE 1 Evolution of Optical Communication. Evolution of fibre types, guiding properties of fibres, cross talk between fibres, dispersion properties of fibres, nonlinear properties of optical fibres. SRS. SBS, intensity dependent refractive index. Characterization of materials for fibres, fibre perform preparation, fibre drawing. MODULE 2 Optical and mechanical characterization of fibres Optical cable design- design objectives and cable structures, fibre splicing. fibre end preparation, single and array splices, measurement of splicing efficiency, Optical fibre connectors, connector alignments, optical sources for communication. LED. injection lasers, modulation. MODULE 3 Photo-detectors, Photo-detector noise, signal to noise ratio, Optical receiver operation, error sources, receiver configuration„ Digital receiver performance calculations, Pre-amplifier types, high impedance and trans-impedance amplifiers, analog receivers. MODULE 4 Digital transmission systems, Point to point links, system considerations, link power budget, rise time budget, Line coding, Coherent systems, heterodyne and homodyne detection. WDM concepts and components, operational principles of WDM, Optical amplifiers, Erbium doped fiber amplifiers, Gain and power conversion efficiency, Soliton communication-basic principle- Optical network, network topologies. REFERENCES 1. Optical fibre communication - J M Senior, Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text) 2 Optical fibre telecommunication IV B - I Kaninov, T Li, Academic Press, (2002) Optical fiber Communications- Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed (2000) (Text) Optical fiber communication-J Palais, Prentice Hall International, (1988) CEL 2902 LAB — I FIBRE OPTICS LAB CEL 2903LAB - II PHOTONICS LAB SEMINAR / VIVA CEL 2904 CEL 2EX5 — Elective V CEL 2EX6 - Elective 6, CEL 2EX7 — Elective 7 ELECTIVES ( CEL 2Ex will be offered as electives during VII, VIII and IX semesters depending on the availability of Teaching Faculty and a minimum of 6 students giving option for the paper.) 45 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES CEL 2E 01 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING MODULE I Basic ciruit concepts-Kerchoffs law, Classification of circuits,T and D networks ,Network theorems- Thevenin, Norton, Maximum power Transfer and SuperPosition theorems, Reciprocity and Substitution theorems.Transients in linear ciruits- R L & R C. MODULE 2 Laplace transform analyses of simple network, partial fraction expansion, initial and final value theorems, convolution integrals. Network functions, complex frequency, impedance and admittance between transfer function and impulse response and their use in network analysis, zero plot. MODULE 3 Introduction to positive real functions, network functions, network synthesis - synthesis of passive one port network, LC, RC, RL network, Foster and Causer methods Modulation techniques- amplitude modulation and demodulation, frequency devision multiplexing, frequency modulation and demodulation. FM Radio, stereophonic FM broadcasting, B/Wand colour Transmission and reception. MODULE 4 PCM, samping. quantising, coding, DPCM, delta modulation, digital multiplexing for telephony, digilal modulalion - ASK. FSK, PSK. QPSK Signal to noise ratio, AM and FM receiver models, noise in AM and FM reception. REFERENCES Basic circuit theory - Desor and Kuo. Me. Gtaw Hill (1969) Network analysis - Van Valkenberg,PrenticeHall India, 3' Ed(2004) Network lines and fields — Ryder, Prentice Hall India,2 nd Ed(2003) Principle of network synthesis - Van Vakenberg, An introduction lo digital and analog communication - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, (1994) Principles of communication systems - Taub. H and Schilling, DT Modern digital and analog communication systems- CULT OXFORD(1998) Network Analysis-G. K Mithel, Khana Publishers4th Ed (1997) Electronic Communication Systems- Kennely $&Davis,TataGraw Hill 4 th Ed(1999) Monochrome & Colour Television- R R Guletc, New Age International (2004) CEL 2E 02 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND WAVELET THEORY MODULE 1 Introduction to Discrete mathematics, notions and notations, functions - definition, construction, properties, construction techniques, inductively defined sets, language construction Equivalence relations, inductive proof, optimal algorithm, solving recurrences, comparing rates of growth. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 46 MODULE 2 Elementary logic- Prepositional Calculus, formal reasoning system, predictive- logic, first order predictive calculus, equivalent formulae. Applied logic, equality, programme correctness, higher order logic, computational logic, abstract data types and algebras, computational algebra. MODULE 3 Wavelet theory - one-dimensional wavelet systems, scaling equations, orthonormal wavelet systems. MODULE 4 Wavelet image compression, wavelet filter design, wavelet channel coding and digital modulation techniques. REFERENCES Discrete Mathematics - Hein James L, Jones and Burlett Publishers Inc. (1998) Foundations of Discrete Mathematics - Joshi K D, Wiley Eastern. (1989) Wavelet analysis - H L Resnikoff and R 0 Wells, Springer verlag (1998) Wavelets and allied topics - P K Jain Mhaskar. Krishna. Narosa ( 2001 CEL 2E 03 OPTICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY MODULE 1 Light beam as a sensing tool- simple optical sensors- single and double optic sensorsmeasurements of small displacements- radius of curvature-lamp and scale arrangement- angle of rotation - speed of rotation - stroboscope, method of Triangulation, projected fringe technique, lidar for atmospheric remote sensing. lidar equation. MODULE 2 Interferometry for precision measurements, two-beam interferometry, Michelson interferometer, fringe displacement and fringe counting, heterodyne interferometer, super heterodyne interferometry. electron speckle pattern interferometry photoelastic measurements. Moire technique. MODULE 3 Optical fibre sensors - general features- types of OFS- intrinsic and extrinsic sensors, shutter based multimode OFS —simple fibre based sensors for displacement, temperature and pressure measurements- reflective FOS and applications, Fibre Bragg grating based sensors. Light transmission in microbend fibres- microbend OFS- measurements with microbend sensorsevanescent wave phenomenon- evanescent wave FOS- chemical sensors using EWFOSdistributed sensing with FOS- OTDR and applications, FO smart sensing. MODULE 4 Interferometric FOS- basic principles- interferometric configurations- Mach-Zender, Michelson and Fabri-Perot configurations- component, and construction of interferometic FOSapplications of interometric FOS- Sagnac interferometer- fibre gyro, OTDR and Applications 47 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES REFERENCES Fibre Optic Sensors- B D Gupta Fundamentals of Fibre Optics in Telecommunications and Sensor Systems- B.P. Pal, Wiley Eastern(1994) Optics -AjoyGhatak, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 3 rd Ed (2005) Lasers, Theory and Applications - Ghatak & Thyagarajan, Mcmillan India Ltd (2002) Optical measurement techniques and applications- P KRastogi. Artech House (1997) Optical Fibre sensors, components and subsystems Vol. 3- Brain Culshaw and John Dakin, Artech House Inc. (1996) 7. Optoelectrinic Devices and Systems- S C Gupta, PHI (2005) CEL 2E 04 ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY MODULE 1 Guided Waves- TE TM & TEM Waves -attenuation, Wave impedence, Rectangular wave guides, impedence and Q-factor of wave guides, power handling cavity,TE $ TM in circular waveguides — attenuation. MODULE 2 Transmission Lines-Lossy transmission line, Lossless transmission line,characteristics, striop lines, microstrip lines, properties of substrates. MODULE 3 Anntenna- Antenna structure, radition pattern, gain beam width, minor lobes, Travelling wave antenna, Directional properties of dipole antenna. Polarization, Thermal impedence Loss, SNR. MODULE 4 Antenna arrays- Linear array, Binomial array, Antenna synthesis, Superdirective arrays,arrays of two isotropic point sources, pattern multiplication , horn antennas, parabolic reflectors. REFERENCES Antenns- Krauss J D,Mc Graw Hill (1995) Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" Ed (1998) Introduction to Electromagnetism- Paul C A and Nassar S A, Mc Graw Hill (1987) Microstrip Antennas- Bohl and Bhatia, Artech House (1980) CEL 2E 05 OPTICAL COMPUTING MODULE I Analog optical processing. Linear Optical processing. Spatial filtering using binary filters, inverse filtering. Analog optical arithmetic- nonlinear optical processing, arithmetic operation. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 48 MODULE 2 Recognition using analog optical systems, matched niter, joint transform correlation, amplitude modulated recognition Tiller. Digital optical computing, nonlinear devices, integrated optical devices. SLM MODULE 3 Shadow costing and symbolic substitution, design algorithm of shadow casting system, polarization encoded optical shadow tailing { POSC). POSC processing, symbolic substitution and optical implementation. MODULE 4 Optical implementation of memory, holographic and wave guide optical interconnections Optical Computing devices- Nonlinear Fabry -Perot etalon. Optical transistor, threshold logic devices, devices using threshold logic gale components, optical computer. REFERENCES Optical computing-an introduction - MA Karim. AAS Awwal, John Wiley, (1992)Text) Signal processing using optics- B G Boone . Oxford Univ Press, (2000) Optical computing-D G Feitelson. MIT Press , 2001 ( Text) Optical computing — Digital and Symboles,Raymond Arathoon, Macel Deccker N Y (1989) CEL 2E 06 MICROWAVE PHOTONICS MODULE 1 General performance consideration of transmission lines-coaxial cables, wave guides. microstrip, stripline, optical fibre, comparison of losses. Radio frequency beam forming. scanning techniques, circuit beam formers, imaging reflector antennas, RF electronic beam steering techniques for optical fibres. MODULE 2 Phased array antennas. AO lime delays for phased array antennas, delay line, lime delays arrangements for phased array antennas, experimental results, two dimensional array antennas, beam steering. MODULE 3 Optically controlled beam scanning, phase shifters, injection locking, beam Steering using subharmonic injection locking, inter junction locking method, unilateral injection locking. MODULE 4 Binary optical delay lines, fibre optical delay lines, square root cascade delay lines, hack ground binary fibre optical delay line, architecture and design of BIFODEL. Optical beam steering of antennas using lasers, Optically controlled array, image mask, fibre optic shutter switch, signal lo noise ratio and laser out put. radiation pattern and reduction in side lobe level, photonic crystals (or microwave application). Tea Antenna design with fibre optics- A Kumar, Artech House (1996). 49 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES REFERENCES Coplanar waveguides, circuit, components and systems- E J Simons, Wiley(2001) Integrated optics,circuits-EJ Murphy., Marcel Dekker Inc.(1999) 3. Photonics crystals - S G Johnson, J D Joannopoulos; Kluver Pub(2002) CEL2E 07 ATOM OPTICS MODULE 1 Linear Atom Optics- Light forces on atoms. atomic cooling. Doppler and Sisyphus cooling. Evaporative cooling. Atomic beam collimation and focusing, channeling by standing Waves. Evanescent Held mirrors, focused laser beam mirrors. MODULE 2 Atomic diffraction - Ramn-Nath and Bragg regime, grilling and interferometers, Atomic traps and cavities magneto optic. magnetic and optical traps. atomic waveguides. Quantum atom optics- matter wave coherence, Bose Einstein Condensation, experiments in alkali vapours, atom lasers, matters wave Solitons. MODULE 3 Nonlinear wave mixing- Atomic four wave mixing, mixing of optical and mailer waves. parametric amplification of atomic and optical fields. MODULE 4 Entanglement between atomic and optical fields, matter waves super radiance, mailer wave amplification. Application of atom optics. REFERENCES Atom Optics - P Meysire . Springer Verlag. 2001 Laser cooling and atom traps-Melcalfe, Springer Verlag (1998) CEL 2E 08 LASER SPECTROSCOPY MODULE I Spectroscopy technique, Conventional spectroscope recording in UV-Vis-NIR region using dispersing spectrographs, Comparison between Spectrometers and interferometers. Laser Raman Techniques- Hyper Raman effect, SRS,CARS, PARS,Experimental schcmes General applications of Laser Raman Spectroscopy. OG Spectroscopy-theory and experimental techniques —applications of OGS. MODULE 2 Fluorescence spectroscopy-Different types of spectroscopy —Characteristics of LuminescenceGeneral concepts, processes, Parameters-Energy Transfer mechanisms —Sensization and quenching. Experimental Schemes. Rare earth- ions- Absorption and fluorescence spectra.- Energy levels of rare earth ions in fluoride and suiphide crystals. Fluorescence of Dyes —structure and properties of organic laser Dyes- Quantum efficiency. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 50 MODULE 3 High Resolution spectroscopy-Doppler free spectroscopy, Two photon absorption spectroscopy, Saturation absorption spectroscopy. Laser photoionization spectroscopy-photoionization of excited atoms-Rydberg atomic states — 00DR Techinique .Photoionization detection of single atoms-Different methods of single atom detection. Correlation spectroscopy of scattered light, photon assisted collisional energy transfer, single molecule detection, spectroscopic characterization of BE condensates. MODULE 4 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy- Theory of PAS of gases,-Resonance conditions —RG Theory (analytical treatment) PA effect in gases, liquids, and solids- Design of PA spectrometer—Application of PAS —Evaluation of optical and thermal parameters-Thermal diffusivity- Depth profiling. Thermal lens spectroscopy- Focal length of thermal lens — single and double beam techniques applications of TLS. REFERENCES Photoacoustic spectroscopy — Rosencwaig, Wiley,(1981) Thermo optic spectroscopy- J Sell, Academic press, (1992) Laser Spectroscopy : W Demtroder , Springer Verlag 3 rd ed, 2003 ( Text) Lumincence in Solids —D R Vij ,Plenum Press NY, (1998) Lasers and Nonlinear optics — B B Laud, New Age International 2 nd Edition, (2003) Laser spectroscopy and its Applications- Leon J Radzemski, Marcel Deklar Pub.IncNY (1987) Dye lasers —F P Schafer, Springer Verlag 2 nd Revised Ed (1977) (2006) Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy _ Vladin S Letokhov, Accademic Press Inc (1987) 9. Spectroscopy,Lumincence and Radiations centeres in minerals-A S Marfunin,Spriger Verlag N Y (1977) CEL 2E 09 QUANTUM OPTICS MODULE 1 Quantisation of EMF. Field quantisation. Fock slates, coherent slates, coherence properties of EMF - first order optical coherence, coherent field, photon correlation measurements, photon counting measurements. Representation of EMF. Expansion in number stales, coherent states, P-representation, correlation and characteristic functions, Photon statistics, photon number representation. MODULE 2 Density of states and density matrix .Squeezed light-generation and application of squeezed light, coherent interaction of light with matter, Maxwell - Bloch equations. Spontaneous decay of two level atoms. 51 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES MODULE 3 . Optical Instability- dispersive and absorptive cases Bell's inequalities in quantum optics, EPR argument, experimental studies, nondemolition measurements, quantum coherence. MODULE 4 Deflection of atoms by light. Kapitza- Dirac effect. Optical Stern -Gerlach experiment, Interaction between Atoms and quantized fields- dressed fields, Jaynes - Cummings model. REFERENCES Quantum optics-D P Walls& G H Milburn , Springer verlag.(1993) (Text). Elements of quantum optics -Meysre and M Sargent , Springer verlag ,(1998) (Text ) press, (1995). CEL 2E 10 PHOTONICS MATERIALS MODULE 1 Nano materials- nanocrystals, quantum dots and quantum wells, nanocrystals of Ill-V compounds and indirect gap materials, energy states of quantum dots, photonics applications of quantum dots and quantum wells, photonic switches and modulators using quantum dots and quantum wells. MODULE 2 Organic materials for photonics, evaluation of second order and third order optical. non linearities, organic materials for second and third order nonlinear optics, photoreractive polymers, polymers for light emiting sources, optical limiting, polymers for optical fibre. MODULE 3 Sol-Gel materials for Photonics applications, method of preparations, electro optic-magneto optic and acousto optic materials, Photonic devices based on EO.MO , AO effects. Fluoride glass based fibres and their applications. MODULE 4 Thin film optics based components, design and production of thin films, and reflection and dichroic reflection coatings. DWDM filters, production and characterization of optical thin films- PLD, CVD, PV,. MBE,dip,spin and spray coatings. Optical IC and wave guide structures- coplanar waveguides, frequency doublers. mixers. MEMS, Photonic band gap structures, waveguides of elevated and buried structures, optical Icsarchitecture and applications. REFERENCES 1 Optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots - V Woggon . Springer verlag.( 1997) Optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals- S VGaponeko, Cambridge University Press(1998). Sol-Gel for Photonics, B J Thompson. SP1E. (1998). 4. Practical design & production of optical thin films - R R Wiltey, Marcel & Dekker, (2002). CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 52 Coplanar wave guide circuits, components and systems- R N Simons.Wiley, ( 2001) Nonlinear optics of organic molecules & polymers -H S Nalwa, S Miyata. CRC, (1996). 7. Sol- Gel Materials- chemistry and applications — John D Wright and Nico A J M Sommerdijk, Gorden & Breach Science Publications (2001). CEL 2E 11 OPTO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MODULE 1 Drawings of optical components and systems, dimensional tolerances and error budgets Principles of opto mechanical design-structural and kinematic aspects- vibration control Materials for optical systems, properties and selection criteria, metal mirrors- fabrication methods and light weighting. MODULE 2 Light weight mirror design- estimating minor weight, mirror self-weight deflection, contoured back mirrors and sandwich mirrors, Optical mounts for lenses, windows, small mirrors and prism: adjustment mechanism- lilear, tilt and rotary adjustment mechanism. MODULE 3 Structural analysis of optics- finite element theory, displacement and dynamic models for optics, stress models, optical surface evaluation, modeling of optical structures, ray tracing, optimum design. MODULE 4 Thermal and thermo elastic analysis of optics, heal transfer analysis, model types, interpolation of temperature fields, thermo elastic analysis. Fabrication methods- method selection manufacturing methods, fabrication of light weight components, chemical and vacuum coating processes in optics. REFERENCES Hand book of optomechanical engineering - A A hmad, CRC (1997) Passive Micro optical Alignment Methods — R.A. Boudreau & S.M. Boudreau, Taylor & Francis Group, C.R.C(2005). CEL 2E 12 INDUSTRIAL PHOTONICS MODULE 1 Photonics Technology ; Components -couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, and fillers fibre gratings, interferometers. FO amplifiers, transmitters and deletions, switches, wavelength converters, nonlinear effects in signal transmission, self phase and cross phase modulation, soliton pulse propagation. MODULE 2 Modulation and demodulation- signal formats, direction detection receivers, coherent detection test beds- Lambdanet, STARNET. Rainbow. Wavelength routing network. Optical layer in Network, Node design. Networking design and operation, Routing wavelength assignment. 53 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES MODULE 3 Control and Management _ Network management function, configuration-performance- and fault managements. Optical safely, Wavelength routing test beds- AON. NTTR, ONTC, MONET. MODULE 4 Access network- Network architecture, HFC. FTTC. Optical Acces Network architecture, deployment considerations- upgrading the transmission capacity- SDM, TDM, WDM, Application areas -inter exchange, undersea, local exchange networks Packaging and cabling of Photonics componets - Photonic packet switching, OTDM, multiplexing and demultiplexing, Optical logic gates, Synchronization, broadcast OTDM. network. OTDM testbeds. REFERENCES I. Optical Networks - A Practical applications - R Ramaswami and K N Sivarajan - Marcourt Asia (2000) Photonic switching technology - H T Mouftah, J M H Elmirghani - IEE Press (1999) Deploying Optical Networking components - Oil Held, McCraw Hill (2001) 4. Optical Interconnection-C Tocci, HI Caulfield, Artech House (1999) CEL 2E 13 BIO-PHOTONICS Topics for reading: Fundamentals of light as matter, basics of biology, fundamentals of light matter interactions, lasers, laser technology, nonlinear optics (introduction to bio-photonics by PN Prasad , Chapter 1 — 6). MODULE 1 Photobiology; interaction of light with cells with cells and tissues, Photo-process in Biopolymershuman eve and vision, Photosynthesis; Photo-excitation — free space propagation, optical fibre delivery system, articulated arm delivery, hollow tube wave-guides. Optical coherence Tomogaphy, Fluorescence, resonance energy transfer imaging. MODULE 2 Bio-imaging: Transmission microscopy, Kohler illumination, microscopy based on phase contrast, dark-field and differential interference contrast microscopy, Florescence, confocal and multiphoton microscopy. Optical Biosensors: Florescence and energy transfer sensing, molecular beacons and optical geometries of bio-sensing, Biosensors based on fibre optics, planer waveguides, Flow Cytometry: basis, flurochromes for flow cytometry, DNA analysis. MODULE 3 Laser activated therapy; Photodynamic therapy, photo-sensitizers for photodynamic therapy, applications of photodynamic therapy, two photon photodynamic therapy. Tissue engineering using light; contouring and restructuring of tissues using laser, laser tissue regeneration, femtosecond laser surgery. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 54 MODULE 4 Laser tweezers and laser scissors: design of Laser tweezers and laser scissors, optical trapping using non Guassian optical beam, manipulation of single DNA molecules, molecular motors, laser for Genomics and Proteomics, semi conductor Quantum dots for bio imaging, Metallic nano-particles and nano-rods for bio-sensing, Photonics and biomaterials: bacteria as bio-synthezers for photonics polymers. REFERENCES Introduction to bio-photonics — P.N. Prasad Wiley Interscience (2003) (Text) Biomedical Photonics — A handbook — T.Vo Dinh (CRC Press) (2002) Optical Imaging Techniques in Cell Biology — Guy Fox, Taylor & Francis Group, C.R.C(2007). An Introduction to Biomedical Optics- R. Splinter & B.A. Hooper, Taylor & Francis Group, C.R.C(2007). CEL 2E 14 NANOPHOTONICS MODULE I Foundations for Nanophotonics. Confinement of Photons and Electrons, Propagation Through a Classically Forbidden Zone:Tunneling, Localization Under a Periodic Potential: Bandgap, Cooperative Effects for Photons and Electrons , Nanoscale Optical Interactions, Nanoscale Confinement of Electronic Interactions, Quantum Confinement Effects, Nanoscale Electronic Energy Transfer. Near-Field Interaction and Microscopy : Near-Field Optics, Modeling of Near-Field Nanoscopic Interactions, Nanoscale Enhancement of Optical Interactions , Time- and Space-Resolved Studies of Nanoscale Dynamics. MODULE 2 Quantum-Confined Materials : Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, Quantum Dots Quantum Rings, Manifes,tations of Quantum Confinement , Optical Properties , Quantum-Confined Stark Effect, Dielectric Confinement Effect, Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, Quantum-Confined Structures as Lasing Media, Metallic nanostructures and their applications. Growth Methods for Nanomaterials, Epitaxial Growth, Laser-Assisted Vapor Deposition (LAVD). MODULE 3 Characterization of Nanomaterials, X-Ray Characterization, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Nanostructured Molecular Architectures :Noncovalent Interactions, Nanostructured Polymeric Media, Molecular Machines, Dendrimers, Supramolecular Structures. Photonic Crystals : Basics Concepts, Methods of Fabrication, Photonic Crystal Optical Circuitry, Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF). 55 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES MODULE 4 Nanocomposites: Nanocomposite Waveguides, Random Lasers, Nanocomposites for Optoelectronics. Nanolithography, Nanoimprint Lithography. Bio Nanophotonics and nanomedicine : Photonic materials of biological origin, Nanoparticles for Optical Diagnostics. Biosensing, Nanoclinics for Optical Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy. REFERENCES Nanophotonics : P N Prasad, Wiley Interscience ( 2003) ( TEXT). Biophotonics: P N Prasad, Wiley Publications ( 2004). 3. Nanophotonics, Heve Rigneault, ISTE ( 2006). CEL 2E15 ADVANCED LASER SYSTEMS MODULE I Gas lasers: General principle of population inversion in gas laser excitation and depopulation mechanisms-pulsed and continuous wave lasers-collision lasers. Helium Neon gas laser-energy levels-energy transfer-excitation methods- fabrication details-operating characteristics. He-Cd lasers-laser structure-excitation mechanism. Molocular gas lasers: Discharge in molecular CO2 - inversion mechanisms- CO2 laser modesCW and pulsed CO2 lasers-power supply of CO2 lasers-laser amplifier-TEA CO2 lasers-Nitrogen laser-pumping method-emission characteristics-pulsed N2 laser design. Far IR gas lasers-laser structure and excitation mechanisms. MODULE II Ion laser: Argon ion energy levels - excitation mechanisms-fabrication of argon ion lasers-uv emission-Excimer and metal vapour rare gas dimers-electronic structure-rare gas excimer-energy level diagram - excimer decay mechanism - xenon halide and krypton halide lasers-excitation mechanisms - efficiency — physics of metal vapour laser-copper vapour laser-fabrication details. MODULE III Solid state lasers: properties of solid state laser materials — fluorescence emission in solids - Ruby Nd. YAG, Nd: Glass lasers - laser energy levels — pumping sources and cavity configurations power supply - CW and pulsed operation - General ideas of the following: Tunable solid state lasers-Ti-sapphire and Alexandrite lasers-fiber lasers-diode pumped solid state lasers-color center lasers. MODULE IV Semiconductor lasers: Population inversion-threshold condition-Ga As diode laser-emission characteristics-hetero junction laser-tunable diode lasers- tuning methods-quantum well structurehigh power semiconductor diode lasers- frequency control of laser output-distributed feed back lasers-cleaved coupled cavity laser, surface emitting lasers, mode locking of semiconductor lasers, large wavelength semiconductor lasers. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 56 MODULE V Dye laser: Spectroscopy of organic ayes-fluorescence and phosphorescence- optical pumpingincoherent and coherent pumping-threshold condition-rate equation-cw and pulsed dye lasersturning mechanism-dye laser line width-ring dye laser-General ideas of the following lasers: Spin flip Raman laser-Free electron laser, plasma recombination laser-OPO based laser systemX-ray lasers and chemical lasers. REFERENCES Solid State Laser Engineering - W. Koechener (Springer Verlag) Dye Laser - Schaffer (Springer Verlag) Quantum Electronics - A. Yariv (John Wiley) Laser Physics - Tarasov (Mir Publishers) Semiconductor optoelectronic Devices-Pallab Bhattacharya, (Prentice Hall India). Lasers: Principles and Applications-J.F.B.Hawkes, Wilson. (Prentice Hall) Lasers-Peter-W Miloni and Joseph H Eberly Laser Fundamentals-William T.Silfast (Cambridge University Press) SEMESTER X CEL 2X011 PROJECT 57 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES