Five year integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics

Transcription

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN
LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES
(CELOS)
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS OF
Five Year Integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COCHIN - 682 022
2007
Contact Address
Director,
Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Cochin-682022.
Phone: 0484 - 2577540
INTEGRATED M.Sc. COURSE IN PHOTONICS
Taking into consideration of the importance of the new and emerging subject of Photonics,
Cochin University of Science and Technology took steps to conduct an integrated Masters Programme
in Photonics under the faculty of technology. The five year integrated M.Sc. Degree course in
Photonics is being offered by the Center of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences
(CELOS) which has been established in this university through a special grant intended for this
purpose from UGC. The activities under the CELOS have been jointly proposed by the International
School of Photonics (ISP), Department of Physics and Department of Electronics of CUSAT. The
M.Sc. course is a salient part of the activities under the CELOS programme sponsored by UGC.
Photonics is a Hi-Tech subject that has evolved as a result of the fusion of optical technology
with electronics. Its deep impact in areas like communication, computing and control as well as in
fields like medicine, industry, defense and entertainment has made Photonics as an independent
subject on its own right. The present M.Sc. course has been designed in such a way that it includes
the essential subjects like Physics, Mathematics, Electronics, Applied Optics, Quantum Optics,
Instrumentation and Computer Science which makes this a virtually stand alone course.
Scope of the course
Recent advances in Photonics technology for imaging, health care and consumer electronics
have contributed unprecedented progress in every sphere of human activities. Photonics based
companies and R&D institutions are growing day by day who need people trained in photonics and
allied areas.
CONTENT
Page No.
Semester
I
11
Semester
II
16
Semester
III
22
Semester
IV
27
Semester
V
32
Semester
VI
37
Semester VII
40
Semester VIII
43
Semester
IX
45
Semester
X
57
Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronics Sciences
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Integrated MSc Degree in Photonics — The course structure:
( Applicable from I st semester of 2007 admission and from the 7 th semester of the batches
from 2004 admissions onwards)
SEMESTER I
Course
Lecture
Mechanics and
Wave Phenomena
CEL1102
Electricity and
Magnetism
Optics ICELT 103
Geometrical
Optics
CEL1104
Mathematics I
CELI105
Statistical Methods
Lab/Viva
CEL1106
CEL1107
Communicative
English
Total for Semester I
Marks
Work/week
Subject
Lab
Tutorial
Credit
CEL1101
IE
50
UE
50
Total
3
3
1
1
3
3
50
50
100
100
3
1
3
50
50
100
3
3
1
1
50
50
100+50
100
50
50
1
3
3
3
2
100
100
150
100
6
20
500
250
750
6
2
17
6
SEMESTER II
Course
Subject
Lecture
Electronics I- Basic
Electronics
Optics II -Physical
CEL1202
Optics
Mathematics II
CEL1203
CEL1204
Classical Mechanics
CEL1205
Nuclei, Particles and
Beams
CEL1206
Lab/Viva
History of Science
CEL1207
and Technology
Total for Semester II
Marks
Work/week
Lab
Tutorial
Credit
CEL1201
5
IE
50
Total
UE
50
3
3
1
1
3
3
50
50
100
100
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
3
100+50
1
19
50
450
6
1
16
6
1
6
150
250
50
700
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES
SEMESTER III
Course
Subject
(modified))
Electronics II
Analog and Digital
Electronics
Optics III- Optical
CEL1302
Instrumentation
Thermodynamics
CEL1303
and Statistical
Mechanics
Mathematics III
CEL1304
Atomic
CEL1305
Spectroscopy
Lab/Viva
CEL1306
Seminar
CEL1307
Total for Semester III
Marks
Work/week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab
Credit
CEL1301
1
3
1
3
IE
50
UE
50
Total
100
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
19
3
6
1
16
6
5
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
50
50
100+50
50
450
250
100
100
150
50
700
SEMESTER IV
Course
Lecture
Electronics III
Microprocessors
and their
Applications
Computer Science
CEL1402
Quantum
CEL1403
Mechanics I
Electomagnetic
CEL1404
Theory and
Relativistic
Phenomena
Mathematics IV
CEL1405
Lab/Viva
CEL1406
Workshop
CEL1407
Seminar
CELI408
Total for Semester II
Marks
Work/week
Subject
Lab
Tutorial
Credit
CEL1401
IE
50
UE
50
Total
100
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
50
50
50
50
100
100
3
1
3
50
50
100
1
3
3
1
I
20
50
100+50
100
50
550
50
100
150
100
50
800
3
6
1
I
17
6
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE iN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES
5
250
6
SEMESTER V
Course
Optics IV -Applied
Optics
Electronics IVCEL1502
Electronic
Instrumentation
Quantum
CEL1503
Mechanics II
Materials Science
CEL1504
Molecular
CEL1505
Spectroscopy
LabNiva
CEL1506
Seminar
CEL1507
Total for Semester V
CEL1501
Marks
Work/week
Subject
Lecture
3
Lab
Credit
Tutorial
Total
UE
IE
50
50
50
50
100
3
1
100
3
1
3
3
1
3
50
50
3
3
1
1
3
3
50
50
50
50
100
100
5
3
1
19
100+50
50
450
250
150
50
700
6
1
16
6
100
SEMESTER VI
Course
Marks
Work/week
Subject
Lecture
Photonics I3
Optoelectronics
3
Photonicsll-Fibre
CEL1602
Optics
3
Photonicslll-Laser
CEL1603
Physics
Project/Viva
CEL1604
Lab/Viva
CEL1605
9
Total for Semester VI
Total for Semester I-VI
Lab
Tutorial
Credit
CEL1601
7
12
6
18
Total
UE
IE
50
50
1
1
3
3
50
50
100
100
1
3
50
50
100
4
3
16
113
200
100+50
500
2900
150
1400
200
150
650
4300
3
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRON'ICS SCIENCES
SEMESTER VII
( course number of electives 2EX1- 2EX7 correspond to course numbers of electives chosen from
the list of electives given separately. For example if 2E01 Network analysis and Communication
Engineering and 2E03 Optical Sensor Technology are given as the Elective I and Elective II
respectively in the VII semester then CEL 2EX 1 and CEL 2EX2 will be CEL 2E01 and 2E03
respectively )
Code
CEL2701
CEL2702
CEL2EX I
Title
Advanced Solid
state theory
Laser systems &
Laser
Applications
Elective I
CEL2EX2
Elective II
CEL2703
Lab I Electronics
Hrs/wk
Theory
4
Lab
Marks
Tutorial
1
4
4
1
4
3
1
3
3
Lab IIMathematical
Modelling &
Simulation
CEL2705
Seminar/Viva
Total for Semester VII
Credit
1
IE
50
UE
50
50
50
Total
100
100
50
50
50
50
100
3
100
4
4
CEL2704
1
15
8
4
2
2
100
100
1
19
100
500
100
100
200
100
700
SEMESTER VIII
Code
Title
Theory
4
CEL2801
CEL2802
CEL2EX3
Hrs/wk
Nonlinear Optics
Digital Signal
Processing and
Optical Signal
Processing
Elective III
CEL2EX4
Elective IV
CEL2803
La b I Electronics
Lab
Tutorial
I
4
4
1
4
3
1
3
3
Lab II
Photonics
CEL2805
Seminar/Viva
Total for Semester VIII
Marks
Credit
1
IE
50
UE
50
50
50
Total
100
100
50
50
50
50
100
3
100
4
CEL2804
4
1
15
8
4
2
2
100
100
1
19
100
500
100
100
200
100
700
8
SEMESTER IX
Code
CEL2901
Title
Optical
Communication
Lab I
CEL2902
Fibre Optics Lab
CEL2903
Lab II
Photonics Lab
CEL2904
Seminar/Viva
CEL 2EX5
Elective V
CEL 2EX6
Elective VI
CEL 2EX7
Elective VII
Total for Semester IX
CEL 2E01
CEL 2E02
CEL2E03
CEL 2E04
CEL2E05
CEL2E06
CEL2E07
Marks
Hrs/wk
4
IE
50
4
2
100
100
4
2
1
3
3
3
18
100
100
50
50
50
500
100
100
100
100
100
700
Theory Lab
4
1
3
3
3
14
Credit
8
Tutorial
1
1
1
1
4
UE
50
50
50
50
200
Total
100
ELECTIVES
Network Analysis and Communication Engineering
Discrete mathematics and Wavelets Theory
Optical Sensor Technology
Advanced Electromagnetic Theory
Optical Computing
Microwave Photonics
Atom Optics
CEL2E08
CEL2E09
Laser Spectroscopy
Quantum Optics
CEL2E10
CEL2E11
CEL2E12
CEL2E13
CEL2E 14
CEL2E15
Photonics Materials
Optomechanical Engineering
Industrial Photonics
Biophotonics
Nanophotonics
Advanced Laser Systems
9
SEMESTER I
CEL 1101 MECHANICS AND WAVE PHENOMENA
Reading Section : Dimensional analysis, vectors and scalars, vector algebra, unit vectors, linearly
independent and linearly dependent vectors, velocity, acceleration and force vectors.
MODULE 1
Motion along straight line — velocity, acceleration, velocity-time graph. Newton's laws of motion,
equations of motion, motion in two and three dimensions — projectiles. Force, work and energy,
energy conservation, work-energy theorem.
System of particles — Newton's law for system of particles, collisions, conservation of linear
momentum, impulse,elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
MODULE 2
Rigid body dynamics — angular velocity and angular acceleration, angular momentum, torque.
Newton's laws for rotational motion, angular momenta for systems of particles, conservation of
angular momentum.
Requirements of equilibrium, centre of gravity, Newton's laws of gravitation, gravitation near the
surface of earth and inside the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, central force, reduced
mass, Kepler's law.
MODULE 3
Oscillations- simple harmonic motion, simple pendulum and its equation of motion,spring and
spring constant, Hookes law, work done by a spring, circular motion as SHM, damped and forced
oscillations, resonance.
MODULE 4
Waves — Transverse and longitudinal waves, traveling and standing waves, energy and power in
traveling waves, phase and group velocities, superposition, interference and dispersion of waves.
Sound waves — traveling sound waves, intensity and sound levels, Doppler effect in sound and
light, sound pollution.
Advanced Reading : Acoustics of music, concert hall acoustics, mechanics of sports.
REFERENCES:
Fundamentals of Physics — Resnik, Halliday and Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5th Edition(2002)
Feynman Lectures Vol I , Narosa Publishing House (2002)
Classical Mechanics — Rana and Joag, Tata Mc. Graw Hill (1992)
Mechanics — D S Mathur, S Chand & Company (2004)
CEL 1102 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
MODULE 1
Electric Charge: conductors and insulators, Coulomb's law, quantisation and conservation of charge,
Millikan's oil drop experiment.
11
rtse-V-P en-0212-q-
r
NTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES
Electric field: field lines, field due to point charge, electric dipole, line of charge and charged
disc, point charge in an electric field, dipole in an electric field.
Gauss' Law: Flux of electric field, Gauss Law, Gauss' law in cylindrical planar and spherical
symmetry
MODULE 2
Electric potential, equipotential surfaces, Potential due to point charge, group of point charges
and due to electric dipole, Van de Graff generator, Capacitance, capacitors in series and parallel
connections, storing energy in an electric field, capacitor with dielectric.
Electric Current, current density, Resistance and Resistivity, Ohm's Law, Energy and power in
electric circuits, semiconductors, emf, potential differences, RC circuits.
MODULE 3
Magnetic Field, the definition of B, Hall effect„ Magnetic force on a current carrying wire, torque
and current on a current loop, magnetic dipole, Ampere's Law, Solenoids
Faraday's Law of induction, Lenz's Law, induced electric field, Inductance, Self and Mutual
induction, RL circuits, Energy stored in a magnetic field, Magnetism of earth, Para, Dia and Ferro
magnetism.
MODULE 4
LCR oscillators, Damped and forced LCR oscillators, Resonance, Series and parallel LCR circuits.
Alternating currents, Transformer-characteristics, equivalence circuits, design and construction
of transformer, transmission of electric current
DC and AC generators, single and three phase generators, choke coil and its uses, Power factor,
AC and DC bridges, Anderson's Bridge.
Constant voltage and current sources, BG, Multimeter.
Advanced Reading : Bio-electricity, signal propagation through nerve cells, EEG
REFERENCES
Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday and Walker, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition
(1994)
Electricity and Magnetism- D N Vasudeva, S.Chand and Company, (2002) (Text).
Basic electrionics — B L Thereja, S Chand and company, 5 th Edition (2003)
Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol II — Feynman, Leighton, Sands, Narosa Publishers (2003)
5. Electricity and Magnetism — R Murugesan, S Chand and Company, 4th Edition ( 2001).
CEL 1103 OPTICS I - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
MODULE 1
Nature of light, Light as waves, rays and photons, Refractive index, velocity of light. Foucolt's,
Anderson's, Houston's and Kerr Cell methods to measure velocity of light. PhotometryRadiomertic and Photometric units, inverse square law, Lambert's Law, Lummer, Flicker and
photovoltaic photometers.
12
MODULE 2
Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction form Fermat's Principle, Total internal
Reflection, Prism, Minimum deviation, achromatism in prisms, dispersion without deviation,
normal and anomalous dispersion, Wood's experiment.
MODULE 3
Refraction and Reflection by spherical surfaces, Thin lens, converging, diverging and cylindrical
lenses, Lens equations, aplanatic points, Combination of lenses, F number of a lens, Power of a
lens. Aberrations-Spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, distortion, chromatic aberration.
MODULE 4
Matrix methods in Optics- Paraxial rays, Matrix representation of translation, refraction, reflection
of light rays, ABCD law, lens wave guide.
Spectrometer, Prism, Spectrograph, Telescopes-Resolving power, Types of telescopes, optical
telescope, radio telescopes, Microscopes-Resolving power and magnifying power.
Advanced Reading : Optics and Photonics in nature.
REFERENCES
Fundamentals of Physics- Resnik, Halliday, Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002)
Textbook of Optics —Ajoy Ghatak, Tata Mc Grow Hill, 2" Edition ( 1992)
A text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijtlal, S Chand and Company , 22 nd Edition,
(1997 )(Text)
Feynman Letures Vol I - Narosa Publishing House (2003)
Handbook of Optics Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995)
Modern Engineering Physics- A S Vasudeva, S Chand and Company, 2" Edition (2003)
Matrix methods in geometrical optics.- A W Joshi
Optics and Atomic physics — Sathyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra (1993)
CEL 1104 MATHEMATICS I
Reading Section : Differentiation and integration of simple functions
MODULE 1
Differential calculus : Differentiation of hyperbolica and inverse hyperbolic functions. Statement
and applications of Leibnitz theorem, LMV theorem, Taylor's and Mclaurin's theorems (no
proof). Application to expansion functions- L'Hospital's Rule and its applications.
Partial differentiation — Partial derivatives and total differential coefficients. Euler's theorem on
homogenous function (no proof) chain rule for partial derivatives, errors and approximations.
MODULE 2
Integral calculus — Integration by parts, definite integral, multiple integrals. Applications of
differentiation and integration — Equations of lengths of tangents, normal, radius of curvature,
envelopes, rectification of curves. Volume of a solid of revolution, areas of surface of revolution.
Ordinary Differential equations — First order equation, variables separable, homogeneous and
nonhomogeneous equations, integrating factor, Bernoulli's equations, enact equations, second
order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Complimentary function and
particular integral, solution using auxiliary equation.
MODULE 4
Partial differential equations — Derivation of PDE by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary
coefficients. Concept of Jacobian. Solution of Lagranges Differential equations, Partial differential
equation of the second degree, Laplace, Helmholtz and Poisson equations.
REFERENCES
Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text)
Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text)
Differential Calculus — Joseph Edwards, AIIBS Publishers,( 2001)
Integral Calculus — Joseph Edwards
Mathematical Physics — P K Chadopadhyaya
Mathematical Methods for Physicists — G B Arfken, H I Weber, Academic Press, (2001)
A text book of Mathematical Physicss — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub.
Calcutta
Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, University
Press
CEL 1105 STATISTICAL METHODS
MODULE 1
Probability spaces : conditional and independence, random variables and random distributions,
marginal and conditional distributions
Curve fitting and principle of least squares, linear and quadratic curves, simple linear regression
and correlation.
MODULE 2
Independent random variables, mathematical expectation, mean and variance, binomial, Poissons
and normal distributions, law of large numbers.
MODULE 3
Central limit theorem(no proof), sampling distribution and test for mean using T-distribution, c2
and F distributions.
MODULE 4
Time series analysis, Stationarity and nonstationarity, autocorrelation function
Testing statistical hypothesis — significance level, Neyman-Pearson theorem (no proof) and some
of its simple applications, large sample test, standard error, tests based on T, c 2 and F.
14
REFERENCES
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences — J L Devore, Brooks, California (1987)
Probability and Statistics — Schaum Series, McGraw Hill (2004)
Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics — S C Gupta and V K Kapoor, S Chand & Co.
Statistical Methods — S P Gupta, S Chand & Co. (Text)
5. Time series analysis — G E P Bor, G M Jenkins
CEL 1106 LABNIVA
CEL 1107 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Elements of effective writing, methods of written exposition, art of condensation
Writing technical articles, proposals, research papers, reports, manuals and letters
Practical communicative Skills
Preparation and use of graphic aids
Technical Editing and Proof Reading
REFERENCES
Technical Writing — J M Lannon
Sentence Skills — A workbook for writers — John Langon
3. New International Business English — Leo Jones, Richard Alexander
15
SEMESTER II
CEL 1201 ELECTRONICS —I BASIC ELECTRONICS
MODULE 1
Diodes and their applications:
Conductors, insulators and semiconductors, Elements of semiconductor physics, p-type and ntype semiconductors, pn junction diode, diode equation, operation and characteristics of diode,
Introduction to zener diode, photodiode, solar cell, varactor diode and LED.
Rectification, ripple factor, Rectifiers-Halfwave, Fullwave and Bridge. Filters-Different types,
Voltage multipliers, clippers, dampers.
MODULE 2
Transistors -BJTs, pnp and npn transistors, h-parameters, CE, CB, CC configuration, transistor
characteristics, small signal analysis of BJT.
Unipolar transistors: FET, FET parameters, JFET, MOSFET-operations and their characteristics
MODULE 3
Transistor biasing:-Need for biasing, faithful amplification, operating point, Stability factor
(definition only), Biasing techniques-Base resistor, collector feedback, bias circuit with emitter
resistor and voltage divider biasing. Voltage regulator using zener diode and transistor.
Transistor amplifier- Classification of amplifiers, Transistor as an amplifier, CE, CC and CB
amplifiers, multistage amplifiers, DC, RC, and transformer coupled amplifiers, Frequency response
of RC coupled amplifier
Power amplifiers-Class A, class B, and Class C operations, Push Pull amplifiers
MODULE 4
Feedback amplifiers: Positive and negative feedback, Advantages of using negative feedback,
voltage series feedback, current series feedback, emitter follower
Oscillators: classification, Barkhausen criteria, different types. Tuned collector oscillator, Colpitts
oscillator, RC phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator and crystal oscillator.
REFERENCES
1 Electronics devices and circuit theory- Robert Boylestead and Nasheleski ,Prentice Hall, (2004)
2 Electronics devices and circuits —Allen Motershed, Prentice Hall India, (1973)(Text)
3 Integrated Electronics- Millman and Halkias, Tata Mc Grow Hill, (1972)
4 Fundamentals of Electronics- Ryder , Prentice Hall India, (1993)(Text)
5 Principles of Electronics —V K Metha, S Chand & Co (2003)
6 Basic Electronics and Linear circuits — N.N.Bhargava ,Tata Mc Grow Hill(1984)
16
CEL 1202 OPTICS II - PHYSICAL OPTICS
MODULE 1
Superposition of two sinusoidal waves, path difference and phase difference, Analytical and
graphical methods. Coherent sources, spatial and temporal coherence, complex representation of
light waves, Interference of two monochromatic waves, optical beats.
Theory of interference and bandwidth, Interference by division of wavefront, Young's double slit
experiment, Fresnel's bi-prism, Llyod's minors.
MODULE 2
Interference by division of amplitude, two beam interference, parallel sided plates, colour of thin
films, wedge shaped film, Newton's rings - reflected and transmitted systems, Radius of rings
and expression for wavelength, Michelson interferometer, Determination of wavelength separation
and standarization of meter. Types of fringes- localized and nonlocalised fringes in white light
MODULE 3
Diffraction-Fresnel's assumptions,Rectilinear propagation of light and Fresnel's theory,Frednel's
zones, theoy of zone plate and its comparision with convex lens, Fresnel and Fraunhofer
differactions- Fresnel's differaction at straight edge, Cornu's spiral —application to diffraction
phenomena. Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, Double slit and multiple slits, missing orders in
double slit differaction pattern , theory of plain transmission grating- oblique and normal incidence,
absence spectra, determination of wavelength of light using grating, dispersion and resolving
power, Blazed gratings.
MODULE 4
Polarization , Experimental observation, Polarization by reflection and refraction, Brewster angle,
Pile of plates, Biot's polariscope., Malus laws, Double refraction - Optic axis, Uniaxial and biaxial
crystals, Geometry of calcite crystals, Nicol prism, Nicol as analyzer and polarizer. Huygen's
explanation of double refraction, Quarter wave and Half wave plates, Production and detection
of plane, elliptical and circular polarization of light.
REFERENCE
Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday, Krane , John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002).
Textbook of Optics — Ajoy Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition, (1992) (Text)
Text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijlal, S Chand and Company, 22 nd Edition,
(1997)
(Text)
Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics —Jurgen R Meyer Arendt , Prentice Hall India
2nd Ed(1988)
Text book of optics —Satyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra,(1993)
Geometrical and Physical Optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition,( 1999).
Optics —Eugene Hecht, Addison Weseley Long Inc, 3 rd Edition,( 1998)
Fundamentals of Optics — Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int. editions, 4th Edition,(1981).
17
CEL 1203 MATHEMATICS — II
Reading Section :Vector Algebra, Matrix Algebra
MODULE 1
Vector Calculus — Vector differentiation, Gradient, divergence and curl, Solenoidal and irrotational
vector point functions.
Vector integration, Line, surface and volume integration, Greens theorem, Gauss theorem and
Stokes theorem (statements) Physical interpretations.
MODULE 2
Matrices — inverse of matrices, adjoint matrices (complex conjugate transpose) orthogonal,
symmetric, skew symmetric, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices, elementary transformations
of a matrix.
MODULE 3
Similarity and unitary transformation of matrices, diagonalisation of matrices, Eigen values and
eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, solution of algebraic equations using matrices consistent
and inconsistent equations.
MODULE 4
Complex numbers — Eulers formula, De Moivre's theorem (no proof), nth root of complex number.
Trigonometry — Expansion of sin nx, cos"x and tannx, hyperbolic functions, separation into real
and imaginary parts of sine, cosine, tangent, logarithmic and inverse tangent functions, summation
of function using C+iS method.
REFERENCES
Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(2000)
Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayanan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(,2000)(Text)
Vector Analysis with introduction to Tensor analysis — Schaum Series, (1974) (Text)
Trigonometry — S L Loney, S Chand & Co, (2002)
Matrices - Shanti Narayanan, S Chand & Co.,(2002)
Mathematical methods of Physics — G B Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press(2001)(Text)
A text book of Mathematical Physics — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub.
Calcutta
Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, University
Press
CEL 1204 CLASSICAL MECHANICS
MODULE 1
Frames of reference (basic ideas} Constraints, constrained motion and constraint force, generalized
coordinates. Calculus of Variation. Hamilton's Principle. Lagranges equations of motion,
Lagrangian and Lagrange's equations in simple cases like freely falling body, simple pendulum.
harmonic oscillator
18
MODULE 2
Conjugate momenta, cyclic coordinates, conservation theorems and symmetry. Noether's
theorem (no proof). Hamiltonian, relationship between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian. Energy
conservation.
MODULE 3
Central force problem- reduction to equivalent one dimensional problem. Classification of orbits
and stability condition for orbits. Kepler's laws. Kepler's laws using Lagrangian formulation.
MODULE 4
Lagrangian formulation of small oscillations and normal modes with special reference to CO,
type molecules.
Hamilton's equations of motions. Canonical transformations. Generating function. Poisson
Brackets, fundamental PB. Equations of motion using Poisson Brackets, simple examples
Advanced Reading;. Action -angle variables. Hamilton Jacobi equation. Rigid body dynamicsEuler's angles - equations of motion, symmetric top, Corioli's force.
REFERENCES
Classical Mechanics — Goldstein, Narosa Publishing Co. (1993) (Text)
Classical Mechanics- Rana and Joag, Tata McGrawHill (1992)
Modem Optics - R Guenther (for Lagrangian formulation of Optics),John Wiley Sons, (1990)
Classical Mechanics - V B Bhatia, Narosa Pub.(1997)
Classical Mechanics of particles and rigid bodies — Kiran C Gupta, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(1998)
Mechanics — L. D Landau and E. N Lifshitz., Butterworth Heinemann,3 rd Ed (2002)
7. Ciassical Mechanics — C R Mondal, Prentice Hall India, (2002)
CEL 1205 NUCLEI PARTICLE AND BEAMS
MODULE 1
Vector atom model, quantum numbers, Atomic nucleus, relationship between nuclear radius and
mass number, Nuclear forces, nucleons, spin and isotropic sin, isotopes and isobars, isomers,
mirror nuclei, stability of nuclei, binding energy, fission and fusion.
Nuclear models-semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model, shell model, magic numbers,
Parity of nuclear states, Meson theory of nuclear forces .
MODULE 2
Radio activity, units, radio activity, alpha and beta decay, Gamow's theory, neutrino, Fermi's
theory of beta decay, Radiation hazards. Nuclear fusion and fission. Particle detectors - electroscope,
scintillator, bubble chamber, cloud chamber, ionization chamber, GM counter.
Cosmic rays- Discovery, latitude, EW, altitude effects, primary and secondary cosmic rays, cosmic
ray showers, Bhabha's theory, Pair production and annihilation, Positron and its discovery,
discovery of pi and mu mesons and strange particles, van Allen belts, origin of cosmic rays, solar
neutrino problem, neutrino oscillation and mass of neutrino.
19
MODULE 3
Forces of nature and their unification (introductory ideas), Nuclear reactions, conserved qualities
in nuclear reactions, Leptons, Baryons, Measons and Gauge particles, intrinsic and relative parity
of elementary particles, Gellman- Nakano-Nishijima relation, fundamental particles and their
classifications, Parity violation and CPT conservation, CP violation and neutral Kaon decay,
eightfold way, quark structure.
MODULE 4
Nuclear reactor- critical condition, design aspects, classification, breeder reactor, effect of nuclear
radiation on living systems, Nuclear reactors and environment protection.
Particle accelerators -Van de Graff generator, Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Linear accelerator,
Colliders.
REFERENCES
1
Introduction to Nuclear Physics- Herald A Enge ,Addison — Wesley Pub,( 1972)
2
Nuclear Physics — Kaplan ,Narosa publishing House,(1962)
3
Nuclear Radiation detectors- Price
4
Modern Physics- Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill ,(2002)(Text)
5
Particle hunters- Neeman, Y.Kirch ,Cambridge Univ Press
6
Quantum Physics —Eisberg and Resnik, John Wiley and Sons ,2" Ed,( 2002)
7
Elementary particles and symmetries- I H Ryder, Gordon and Breach, (1975)(Text)
8
The cosmic onion-Quarks and nature of Universe- Frank Close, AIP (1983)
9
Elements of Nuclear Physics- W.E Burcham, Longmans (1981).
10
Modern Physics-Murugesan, S Chand and Co, (2001) (Text )
11
12
University Physics with Modern Physics — H D Young and R A Freedman, 11" Edition,
(2004).
Elements of Nuclear Physics — M L Pandya & R P S Yadav, 7 th Edition,( 2002)
13
Nuclear Physics — D C Tayal ( 2003)
CEL 1206 LAB/ VIVA
CEL 1207 HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
MODULE 1
Emergence and character of science — The iron age, Science and Industry, Development of science
in 18th and 196 century, Science in 20" century, The birth of modern science.
MODULE 2
Astronomy in ancient India, Europe, Egypt and other civilizations. Some of the astronomical
instruments.
20
MODULE 3
Indian . contribution during ancient medieval period — Sulbasutras, decimal system, number
representation (various alpha numeric systems), Contributions of Arybhata, Brahmagupta,
Varahamihira, Bhaskara, Contribution by Kerala Mathematicians during th middle age —Madhava,
Neelakanda, Jyeshtadeva.
MODULE 4
Introducing some of the classical works — eg: Aryabhatiyam, Opticks, Galileo's modern science,
Principia of Newton. Topics in philosophy of science — works of Kanada, Francis Bacon, Thomas
Kuhn, Karl Popper.
Suggested Readings :
Science in History (4 Vols) — J D Bernal (For module 1 )
Science in India (2 vols) — Indian National Science Academy
Golden Age of Indain Mathematics — S Parameswaran
Mathematics in ancient and medieval India — A G Bag (for module 3)
The History of Science and Technology from ancient Greeks to scientific revolution — S
Pangenburg, D K Moser, Univ Press (1993)
Astronomy before the telescope : C Walker (Ed), British Museum Press
(1996) (for module 2).
Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata — K V Sharma(INSA 1976)
The Sulbasutras — S N Sen and A K Bag(INSA 1983)
History of Technology in India (INSA 2001).
Histroy of Astronomy in India (INSA 2001)
11. Websites on Histroy of Science and Technology
21
SEMESTER III
CEL1301 ELECTRONICS-II
ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
MODULE 1
The differential amplifier- Emitter coupled logic, Common mode and Differential mode gain,
CMRR, Single ended AC voltage gain, double ended AC voltage gain Complementary output
stage, Improves differential amplifier with constant current source.
DC level shifter, Integrated circuits, semiconductor processes, Monolithic ICs, Resistor and
capacitor design on ICs.
MODULE 2
Op-amps: Block diagram, Electrical parameters, input and output impedances, offset voltages
and currents, characteristics of ideal op-amp, open loop configurations, inverting and non-inverting
amplifiers, stabilization of gain by negative feedback, voltage follower, current to voltage converter,
Inverter and other configurations.
MODULE 3
Applications of Op-amp-Analog circuits, Adding circuits, Integration and Differentiating circuits,
Comparators, Zero crossing detector, Schmitt trigger, Logarithmic amplifier, voltage regulator
using Op-amps, Analog computations, Basic ideas, active filters
Digital fundamentals: the binary number system, octal and other codes, l's and 2's complements,
Binary arithmetic, Boolean algebra, Boolean theorems, Synthesis of Boolean functions,-Logic
gates, Fundamental logic operations.
MODULE 4
Universal gate(NAND & NOR), combinational logic circuits, Half adder, Full adder, Half subtractor
and Full subtractor, the XOR gate, Karnaugh diagram, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Logic families:
DCTL, RTL, DTL NAND gate, TIT, NAND gate, ECL circuits, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logics,
MOS inverter circuits, NAND &NOR CMOS switches, CMOS transmission gate.
REFERENCE
1
Electronics Fundamental and Applications- J.D. Ryder,Prentice Hall, India (1993)(Text)
2
Digital Fundamentals —Floyd,Universal Publications (3 rd Ed)(2001)
3
Integrated Electronics- Milman & Halkias, Mc Graw Hill- Kogakusha(2003) (Text)
4
Digital Principles & Applications- Malvino &Leach ,Tata Mc Graw Hill 5 th Ed(1995)
5
Digital Electronics(circuits and systems) —S.N Ali.,Gelgotia Publications,2nd Ed (2002)
6
Integrated Electronics- K.R Botkar ,Khana Publishers,9 6 Ed (1996)
7
Digital Electronics- V.K Puri. Tata McGraw Hill (2006)
8
Electronic Principles —Malvino,McGraw Hill 4th Ed(1989)
Op- Amps and Linear Integrated circuits- Ramakant A Gaykward PHI, (1999)
Electronic Devices and Circuits- Milman and Halkias,Tata Mc Graw Hill Ed (1991)
22
CEL 1302 OPTICS III — OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
MODULE 1
Double beam Interferometry—Interference in a plane parallel plate and in a plate of varying
thickness, Fizeau fringes, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer, Interferometric
measurements of rotation ,Channeled Spectra , Achromatic fringes, Fringes of equal thickness,
Fringes of equal inclination, Fringes of equal chromatic order, Phol Interferometer. Speed of
light and Michelson Morley experiment.
MODULE 2
Multiple beam Interferometry-multiple beam fringes of equal inclination ,visibility and Intensity
distribution. Fabry–Perot Interferometer and Fabry–Perot etalon, resolving power and expression
for finesse. Non–reflecting films , Highly reflecting films and Interference filters ,Broad band
reflectors, band pass filters, dichroic beam spliters and cold minors.
Wavefront shearing interferometers, Twyman- Green interferometer, Scanning Fabry- Perot
Interferometer-central spot scanning, Spherical Fabry-Perot Interferometers, dynamic and static
wavelength meters.
MODULE 3
Theory of concave grating, Mountings for gratings-various mounting techniques, Grating
spectrographs, resolution and dispersive power of spectrographs, single beam and double beam
monochromators, UV-VIS-NIR and IR Spectrometers, FT IR Spectrophotometer, Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotmeter, Fluorometer.
MODULE 4
Adaptive optics-Wavefront sensor, Guided star systems, MEMS and Deformable minor and
wavefront corrections, actuators, Adaptive optics and human eye,
Imaging systems-Different types of projectors, LCD projectors, Endoscopes
Camera, High speed camera, video camera
Remote sensing and its applications- Radars and Lidars
Confocal microscopes, Phase contrast microscopes.
REFERENCES
1 Optical interferometry- P Hariharan, Academic press (1985)
2 Optical measurement techniques and applications - P.K Rastogi, Artech House(1997)
3 Principles of Adaptive optics: -R.K Tyson, Academic press(1998)
4 Optics – Eugene Hecht, Pearson Education Inc.,4th Edition,( 2004)
5 Basics of Interferometry - P Hariharan, Academic Press(1985)
6 Wave optics and applications - R.S Sirohi ,Orient Longman, (1993)
7 Geometrical and physical optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition, (1991)
8 Introduction to optics and optical imaging - C.Scott, S Chand Co, (1998)
Principles of optics –Max Born and Emil Wolf ,Cambridge University Press,(1999)
Light –Ditch Burn, ELBS, Blackie and Sons, 2 nd Edition, (1963)
Handbook of Optics - Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995)
Fundamentals of Optics – Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int.editions, 4th Edition,( 1981).
23
CEL1303 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS
MODULE 1
Thermodynamic systems, thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic process and cycles,
Equations of states, Laws of thermodynamics, Carnot's engine and Carnot's cycle, Carnot's
theorem, Claussius theorem and inequality.
Entropy_ Change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes, Entropy of ideal gas.
Temperature- entropy diagram, entropy and second law of thermo dynamics. Nernst Heat
Theorem .
MODULE 2.
Maxwell's Thermodynamics relations. Clasius - Clapeyron equation, Thermodynamic Potential.
Internal energy. Helmholtz function. Enthalpy, Gibbs function, Gibhs Helmholtz equations
Phase transitions and critical phenomena - Phase diagram, first order phase transition. ClausiusClapeyoron equation in the context of first order phase transition, Kirchhoff's equation, second
order phase transition. Ehrnfesi's equations, liquid helium and superfluidity.
MODULE 3
Macroscopic and microscopic systems- its general descriptions, phase space, ensemble,
microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, density distribution in phase space.
Liouville's theorem, volume conservation.
MODULE 4
Distribution laws - classical and quantum statistics, Maxwell-Baltzniann distribution. Velocity
distribution, equipartition of energy, relationship between entropy and probability. Partition
function of monoatomic gas.
Quantum Statistics- Bose -Einstein and Fermi - Dirac distributions. Bosons and Fermions,
Photons and Bose statistics. Planck's law from Bosc statistics. B-E condensation. Thermionic
emission and F-D statistics.
REFERENCES
Theoretical chemistry - Glastone (Text)
Thermodynamics - Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill (1997) (Text)
Thermodynamics — Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill , 5 th Edition (1968).
Statistical Mechanics - K Huang ,John Wiley & sons, (1963)
Modern Thermo Dynamics-D Kondepadi. Ilya Prigogene, John Wiley sons (1998)
Statistical Mechanics —Kamal singh
7. Statistical Mechanics — R.K Pathria ,Butternorth-Heinemann ,(1972)
CEL 1304 MATHEMATICS 111
MODULE 1
Curvlinear coordinates- spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems, unit vectors line, area and
volume elements, curl, divergence and gradient in curvilinear coordinates. Laplacian operator
24
Tensors- Tensor Analysis - Definition, law of transformations, rank of tensor, covariant and
contravariant tensors, algebra of tensors, lowering and raising of indices, contraction of tensors,
fundamental tensors, metrics.
Cartesian tensors, Stress, strain and Hooke's law and moduli of elasticity, Piezo electricity and
dielectric susceptibility.
MODULE 2
Vector space - Field, definition of vector space, innerproduct, norm, dual vectors and dual space,
Bra and ket notations, linearly independent and dependent vectors, orthonormal vectors. Schmidt's
othogonalisation . basis, dimension, change of basis, linear operator, adjoint and hermitian
operators, matrix representation of operators, similarity and unitary transformations. eigen value
and eigen vectors, projection operator, function space. Hilbert space.
MODULE 3
Partial Differential equations- Separation of variables technique. Laplace's equation in
rectangular, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates.
Differential equations- Series solution, ordinary and singular points. examples, Frobenius
method, examples. Green's function technique to solve differential equations.
MODULE 4
Sturm -Liouville Problem- Hermitian differential equations. Orthogonal functions. Legendre,
Bessel and Hermite differential equations and their solutions, Legendre, Bessel and Hermite
functions and their properties , Spherical Harmonics .
Fourier Series. Beta and gamma functions. Properties of beta and gamma functions. Laplace
transform, Laplace Transforms of some simple functions. Solving differential equations using
LT.
REFERENCES
Vector analysis with an introduction to tensor analysis- Murray R Speigel, Tata McCraw
Hill (1975)
Matrices and tensors for physicists- A W Joshi, New Age International (1995)
Linear vector space - Hamos
Mathematics for physicists and engineers-G B Arfken, Academic Press (2001)
Mathematics for Physicists - Dennery and Kerzywiki
Mathematical Methods for Physicists -GB Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press (2001)
A textbook of Mathematical Physics - P K Chakrabarti. SN Kundu Books and Allied Pub,
Calcutta (1996)
Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics Tulsi Dass. S K Sharma;
University Press (1896)
Mathematical Physics- Differential equations and Transform Theory, A K Ghatak, 1C Goyal.
S J Chua McMillan India Ltd. (2002)
Mathematical Physics (Parts 1.2 and 3)- J D Anand, P K Mittal, A Wadhwa Har, Anand
Publications, ( 2003)
25
CEL 1305 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
MODULE 1
Structure of atom, Rutherford model, alpha particle scattering, Bohr atom model, Bohr's
interpretation of H-atom, Spectral series, Ritz combination principle, combination and
intercombination series, Bohr's correspondence principle, Sommerfield relativistic atom model,
Wilson-Sommerfiled modification, Vector atom model, Quantum numbers, Larmor theorem.
Atomic orbitals and their shapes (no derivation).
Coupling schemes- Spectral terms and terms symbols based on electron configuration
LS coupling, jj couplings-Hund's rule of multiplicity, selection rules, Pauli's exclusion principle,
Intensity rules.
MODULE 2
Symmetry of atomic states, equivalent and nonequivalent electrons, normal and inverted atoms,
fine structure of doublet states-Sodium D1,D2 lines, Hydrogen structure, Fine structure of ionized
helium, Expression for electron spin interaction, Lande Interval rule.
ectra of one electron systems- Hydrogen and alkali atoms, Fine structure of alkali atoms, Hydrogen
spectra- Hyperfine structure, Lande Interval rule, Lamb shift.
Intensity of spectral lines, Spectra of two electron systems- Alkaline-earth atoms.
MODULE 3
Zeeman Effect, Anomalous and normal Zeeman effect, Lande's g factor, Zeeman effect in sodium
atom, Experiment-Intensity distribution of Zeeman lines-BDO rule, Keiss and Megger's rule,
Evaluation of Zeeman shift.
Paschen-Back effect, splitting of sodium lines, selection rules.
Zeeman and Paschen-back effect in Hydrogen.
MODULE 4
Stark effect-experiment- Stark effect in Hydrogen. Weak field and strong field effect- First order
and second order stark effect in Hydrogen (qualitative ideas only)
X-ray spectra- Mosely's law, practical applications of singlet oxygen.
REFERENCES
Atomic spectra —White, Tata Mc Graw Hill NY(1983) (Text)
Atomic spectra and atomic structure — J Hertzberg ,Dover Publishers NY, 2' Edition, (1944)
Spectroscopy Vol.I — Stroghen And Walker, John Wiley & Sons,(1976)
Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta , Kumar and Sharma, Pragathi prakashan Meerat,
6th Ed (1983)
Concepts of Modern Physics —Beiser ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ( 2003)
Atomic and Molecular physics —C.L Arora (S Chand Publishing Company, 3 rd Edition, (2001)
Quantum physics - Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley, 2' Ed (2002)(Text)
Atomic spectra structure and Modern spectroscopy-D.K Rai, S. N Thakur,Vaivaswat
Publication, Varanasi, 1" Ed (2005)
CEL 1306 Lab /Viva
CEL 1307 Seminar
26
SEMESTER IV
•
CEL 1401 ELECTRONICS III
MICROPROCESSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
MODULE 1
Flip-flop, RS latches, level clocking, D latcher, edge triggered D flip fops, JK flip flop, JK Master
slave flip-flops.
MODULE 2
Registers and counters: Shift register, controlled shift registers, Ripple counters, decoding gates,
synchronous counters, Ring counters, changing the counter modulus, decade counters.
MODULE 3
Basic D/A converter, variable, resister networks, binary ladders, A/D converters, counter method,
successive approximation, dual slope A/D conversion, A/D accuracy and resolution, VCO, sample
and hold circuits, Static RAMs, Dynamic RAMs.
MODULE 4
Microprocessors 8085: Block diagram, pin out diagram, instruction format, Addressing modes,
Instruction types- Data transfer instruction, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions, Program
control instructions, input output instructions, stack instructions, instruction timing and execution,
timing diagrams ,Programming Microprocessors.
Peripheral operations- Interrupt system, Serial input and Serial output, Programmed I/O ports,
Memory interfacing, Direct Memory Access, DMA controller.
REFERENCES
Digital Electronic Principles- Malvino ,Tata McGraw Hill 4" Ed(1989)(Text)
Microprocessor Architecture Programming and applications using 8085 - R.S Goanker,
Prentice Hall India ,5" Ed (2006)
Electronic Devices- Applications and Integrated circuits-Mathur Kulashreshta and
Chandha, Umesh publications
Digital principles and applications —Malvino & Leach,Tata Mc Grow Hil1,5" Ed(1995) (Text)
5.
Fundamentals of Micro processers and Microcomputers — B. Ram ,Bhantat Rai
Publishers,6" Ed (2006)(Text)
6
Microprocesser (8085) And its Applications-A. Nagoorkani, RBA Publications (2004)
Digital Logic and Computer Design-M Morris Manno,PHI (1995)
Fundamentals of digital circuits-A Anadan, PHI (2006)
9.
27
Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan & S Arivazhavan, Vikas Pub. (2003)
CEL1402 COMPUTER SCIENCE
MODULE 1
Computers and peripherals: Definition of Computer — Computers for individual users, organizations
& Society — Why are computers so important? — Parts of a computer system — Information
processing cycle —hardware — Software —System and application software — data - computer users
- Keyboard standards, functions of keyboard controller, keyboard buffer — Mouse, its parts,
mechanical and optical mouse, functioning of mouse, trackballs, and track pads - Ergonomics and
input devices, Avoiding Repetitive Stress Injuries - Pens — Touch Screens - Game Controllers —
Bar Code Readers, Image Scanners, OCR — Microphones, input through MIDI, digital camera,
video camera, Webcam, and camcoders — CRT Monitors, Flat-panel monitors (LCD), Paper-white
displays, ELD, Plasma displays, Factors for comparing monitors, Video cards, Ergonomics and
monitors, avoiding eyestrain and EMF health hazards, data projectors, sound systems, sound
cards, head phones and head sets, bioacoustics - Printers, their types, factors for comparing printers,
High-quality printers like Photo printers, Thermal-wax printers, Dye-Sublimation printers, Plotters,
care and feeding of printers.
MODULE 2
Software: Algorithms, development of simple C programs — SDLC - Software engineering basics
— Basics of Information and MIS.
Processor & Storage: Number systems, EBCDIC, ASCII — ALU — Machine cycles — Nonvolatile,
Volatile & Cache memories — Factors affecting processing speed — Bus and bus standards - Modern
CPUs & manufacturers — RISC, CISC — Parallel processing —Serial, Parallel, SCSI, USB, IEEE 1394
& MIDI ports— Expansion Slots and boards — PCMCIA — Plug and play — Magnetic Storage,
types, capacities, tracks, sectors, How OS finds data on a disk?, FAT, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5,
HPFS — Floppy diskettes - Hot-swappable disks — tapes - Optical storage, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM,
CD-R, CD-RW, PhotoCD, DVD-R & DVD-RAM and their functioning — Solid state storage
devices, Flash Memory, Smart cards, SSD — Average access time, Data transfer rate, Optimizing
disk performance - Drive-interface standards.
MODULE 3
Operating Systems & Utilities: OS types, OS services, OS enhancement with utility software,
defragmentation, data compression, backup, antivirus, firewall, intrusion detection, OSs like DOS
workstations, Windows -9x, -2000, -XP, Mac, UNIX, Linux, Network OSs like Windows-NT
server, Windows-server-2003, and Novell Netware, Embedded OSs, Word processing, spreadsheet,
presentation programs, graphic and multimedia apps, file formats and compatibility issues, DBMS
basics, COM / DCOM basics in OSs and computer languages.
MODULE 4
Networking and other computing issues: Networking basics & objectives, LAN, WAN, CAN,
MAN, HAN, Intranets, Extranets, Server-based networks, Client-Server networks, Peer-to-peer
networks, cyberslacking, Network topologies and protocols, cables, wireless media, NIC, Hubs,
Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateways, Cabling equipments, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit
Ethernet, Data communication with modem, Broadband, DSL, cable modem, ISDN, ATM, wireless
networks 802.11, wireless access point, wireless adapter - History of the Internet - major services
of the Internet, WWW, e-mail, How web works, Web browsers, HTML tags, URL, helper apps,
multimedia content - Tools for searching the web, Boolean operators for searching, advanced
search, meta search — e-mail, FTP, IRC, P2P services - e-commerce, B2B - Basic security concepts
28
& threats to users, hardware and data, Common hacking methods, Cyberterrorism, Protective
rights and measures - Ethical issues in computing.
REFERENCES
Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6 th Edition, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
(Text).
Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach, Roger S. Pressman, 5 th Edition, McGrawHill International Edition.
Management Information Systems, Dr. P. Mohan, 7 th Edition, 2005, Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
Management Information Systems — Managing The Digital Firms, Kenneth C. Laudon &
Jane P. Laudon, 8th Edition, Indian Reprint, 2004, Pearson Education (Singapore), Delhi.
IT Fundamentals — Tools and Applications, T. Ramachandran Nambissan, 2003 Dhruv
Publications, Delhi.
COM/DCOM Primer Plus, Chris Corry, Vincent Mayfield, John Cadman, Randy Morin,
First Indian Edition, Techmedia, New Delhi.
7. The C programming Language, Brain W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie, Prentice-Hall of
India.
CEL1403 QUANTUM MECHANICS I
MODULE 1
Quantum aspects of black body radiation, Planck's Law, Photoelectric effect, Einstein's
photoelectric equation, Compton effect, Bohr atom model, Frank-Hertz experiment, WilsonSomerfield quantization rule and application to H-atom, Stern-Gerlach experiment, wave aspects
of particles, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson and Germer experiment, Diffraction of electron
beam, wave packet, Group velocity and phase velocity, superposition, uncertainty principle,
consequences of uncertainty principle, complementarity principle.
MODULE 2
Schrodinger wave function, particle in a box, SchrOdinger's equation for a particle subjected to
forces, wave function and its interpretations, probability ,probability current density and continuity
equation, expectation values, Erhnfest theorem, admissibility conditions of wave functions,
normalizations of wave functions, box normalization, time dependent and time independent
Schr8dinger equations, stationary states and super position principle.
MODULE 3
Postulates of Wave Mechanics, Dynamical variables as operators, Linear operators, Commutator
brackets,Dirac's notation, matrix representation of operators, Eigen functions and Eigen values,
Hermition operators and their properties, Orthogonality conditions, Schimidt's orthogonalization
procedure, Physical significance of Eigen functions and Eigen values, Degeneracy, Simultaneous
measurability and general uncertainty relations.
MODULE 4
Applications of SchrOdinger equation, Linear harmonic oscillator solutions, One dimensional
square well potential of finite and infinite depth, Square potential barrier, Quantum mechanical
tunneling, Alpha decay.
Particle in a spherically symmetric potential, Hamiltonial of two interacting particles, Rigid rotator,
Hydrogen atom, Energy Eigen values, Hydrgen wave function, Radial probability density functions
and Hydrogen atom orbitals.
29
REFERENCES
•1. Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldhas, Printice Hall India (2004)(Text)
Quantum mehanics —A.Konar, Decca Students Library Publications, 1 st Edition (1988).
Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik John Wiley sons(2002)
Concepts of modern physics —Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill (2002) (Text)
Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006)
Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002)
Modern physics-Murugesan, S. Chand & Co.( 2005)
Atomic and molecular physics-C.L Arora, S Chand Publishing Company, 3" Edition(2001) •
Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash, Printice Hall India (2002)
CEL 1404 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND RELATIVISTIC PHENOMENA
Reading section: Vector algebra and vector calculus
MODULE 1
Electrostatics: Electric field, Gauss's Law in integral and differential forms, applications of Guass's
law, Scalar potential, Energy of continuous charge distribution, Poisson and Laplace equations,
Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem, Dielectrics, induces dipoles, polarization and field
of a polarized object, Guass's law for dielectric media, Displacement field, linear dielectric and
dielectric constant, energy and forces in dielectric systems.
MODULE 2
Magnetostatics : Magnetic fields & magnetic forces, Bio-Savart law, Amper's law, Applications
ofAmperes law, Magnetic vector potential, Magnetization, Torque and forces on magnetic dipoles,
The field of a magnetized object, Amper's law in magnetized material, Boundary conditions,
Magnetic susceptibility and permeability.
MODULE 3
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, energy and magnetic field, Maxwells equation inn
vaccum and dielectric media, Vector and Scalar potentials, gauge transformations- Lorentz and
Coulomb gauges, Solutions of Maxwell's equation in vacuum and dielectric media, Poyting's
theorem, conservation of energy and momentum, Reflection and refraction of EMW at dielectric
boundaries, Snell's law, TIR, Brewster's angle.
MODULE 4
Michelson- Morley experiment, Postulates of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations,
velocity addition, velocity dependent mass, structure of space-time and Minkowski diagram,
Relativistic Mechanics- proper time, proper velocity, Relativistic momentum and energy, Compton
scattering, Magnetism as relativistic phenomenon.
Transformation of fields, the field tensor, four vectors, Maxwell's equation in tensor form.
REFERENCE
1 Introduction to electrodynamics-David Grifftiths, Pearecan Cdeation(1999)(Text)
2 Electrodynamics —J.D Jackson, John Wiley & Sons ( 2003)
3 Feynman lectures in physics — Feynman, Vol 1&2 ,Narosa Publishing house(2003)
30
4 Electricity and Magnetism — K K Tewari, S Chand & Company, 3 1d Edition (2005).
Electricity and Magnetism —D.N Vasudeva ,S Chand Publishing Cortpany(2002)
Classical Electrodynamics- P S Sen Gupta, New Age International (2000)
Electromagnetic Theory and wave propagation- S N Ghosh , Narosa Publishers 2" d Ed(2002)
Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" d Ed (1998)
CEL 1405 MATHEMATICS IV
MODULE 1
Fourier Transform, Properties of FT, Convolution Theorem, Solving differential equations using
FT.
Functions of complex variables: Analytic functions, power series, Taylor and Laurent series,
Contour integration, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, integration involving branch
cuts and branch points.
MODULE 2
Group Theory: Definiton, multiplication table, permutation group, representation of Group,
Isomorphism and homomorphism, Character table, classes, symmetry operations, reducible and
irreducible representations, applications to simple molecules like H2O.
MODULE 3
Solutions of algebraic and Transcendental equations: Newton — Raphson method for single and
two variables, solutions of systems of nonlinear equations using method of iteration, Newton's
formula for interpolation, Central difference.
Curve fitting — Least square curve fitting- straight line, nonlinear curve, method of least squares
for continuous function.
MODULE 4
Numerical differentiation and integration- Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rules, Double integration
using trapezoidal and Simpson's rules.
Initial and Boundary value problems: Single step methods, Taylor's series, Runge — Kutta Method,
Finite difference solution for second order ordinary differential equations.
REFERENCES
Mathematics for Physicists and Engineers — Arfken, Academic Press ( 2001) (Text)
Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics — T Dass and S K Sharma
Chemcal applications of Group theory — F A Cotton, Wiley Eastern ( 1971)
Complex variables — Schaum Series
Elements of Group theory physicists— A W Joshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd,3 rd Ed (1988)
Introductory methods of numerical analysis — C S Sastry , Prentice Hall India ( 2001) (Text)
Numerical methods — P Kandasamy, K Thilagavathy, K Gunavathy, S Chand &Co ( 2003) •
Numerical methods — Balagurusamy ,Tata Mc Grow Hill ( 2001)
I
CEL 1406 LAB / VIVA
CEL 1407 WORK SHOP
CEL 1408 SEMINAR
31
SEMESTER V
CEL 1501 OPTICS IV APPLIED OPTICS
MODULE 1
Photometry and radiometry-'quantities and units, colourimetry- chromaticity coordinates UCS
diagrams, colour temperature, visual basis of colourimetry, Human eye and color deficiency,
color vision model.
Birefringence-Birefringent crystals, Birefringent polarisers, Wave plates (half —wave,full-wave
and quarter-wave ) Compensaters and variable retarders, Circular polarisers. Optical activityDextro and Lavo rotatory substances, optical activity in liquids, Half shade polarimeter.
MODULE 2
Optical anisotropy- Index ellipsoid ,Stress Birefringence-Photo elasticity. Stress induced optical
effects-E 0 effects (Pockels effect and Kerr effect ),M 0 effects-Faraday isolator, Faraday rotator,
A 0 effects-Raman —Nath scattering Bragg scattering, ,E 0, M 0 materials, Application to
modulation.
MODULE 3
Analysis of Polarisation - Mathematical description of polarization, states of polarization,
Polarization ellipse, special forms, Elliptical parameters, stokes polarization parameters, Stokes
vectors, Stokes parameters for polarized and unpolarized light .Stokes intensity formula, Jone's
and Muller matrix calculus, Matrices for polarizer, retarader and rotator in both representations,
Muller matrix for a depolarizer, Neutral density filter.
Poincare's sphere, representation of polarization states.
MODULE 4
Light sources-Standardisation of light sources- Incandescent lamps and Fluoecent lamps, Tungston
halogen lamps, Halogen lamps, High pressure and low pressure discharge lamps- Sodium,
Hydrogen, Mercury, Metal halide lamps.
Electrodeless discharge lamps.
REFERENCES
Handbook of applied photometry- C De Cusatis(Ed) AIP(1997)
Introduction to solid state lighting- Zukauskas, Shur, Caska, Wiley (2001)
Polarization of light — S Huard, Jihn Wiley and Sons (1997)
Wave optics and applications — R S Sirohi( Orient Longman 2001)
Polarised light — Edward Collet, Marcel and Dekker (1992)
Optics — Eugene Heht (3 rd Ed,Addison Weseli Long Inc (1998)
Optical electronics-Thyagarajan and Ghatak ,Cambridge University press (1997)
Introduction to optoelectronics-Wilson and Hawkes ,PHI (1996)
Principles of optics- Max Born & Emil Wolf Cambridge University Press, 7th Edition
(1981)
Fundamentals of optics —Jenkins & White Mc Grow Hill International Edition,4 th Edition
(1981)
32
Introductio to classical and Modern optics - Jurgen R Mayer Arendt, Prentice Hall India, 2"
Edition(1984).
Modern optics - R. Guenther, John Wiley sons (1990).
CEL 1502- ELECTRONICS IV- ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
MODULE 1
DC and AC Deflection Instruments — Currentmeters, Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Hotwire ammeters,
rectifier instruments, Comparison measurements — Potentiometers, automated comparison circuits.
Digital instruments — Binary and decimal counters, display devices, frequency and period counters.
Electronic multimeters — Electronic ohmmeters and digital voltmeters.
MODULE 2
Oscilloscopes — Deflection systems, X-Y and Y-t Oscilloscopes, Triggered sweep, Sensitivity,
bandwidth rise time, dual-beam models, storage oscilloscope - digital storage oscilloscopes,
sampling oscilloscopes Recording systems — X-t and X-Y recorders.
MODULE 3
Tuned amplifiers — Chopper stabilized amplifiers, measurements on untuned and tuned amplifier
circuits. Lock-in amplifier, Voltage gain and output power measurements, testing tuned circuits,
spectrum analysers, BOXCAR averagers.
MODULE 4
IT transducers- transducers and transduction, strain gauges, temperature transducers, inductive
transducers, LVDT, position-displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure and capacitative
transducers.
Data converters — DAC and Servo ADC circuits, parallel converters. Voltage to frequency converters
Micro computers — advantages of micro computers, microcomputer interfacing, microcomputers
in instrument and system design, introduction to GPIB.
REFERENCES
Elements of electronic instrumentation and measurement - J J Car, Prentice Hall India (1986)
(Text)
Industrial and Solid State Electronics: Devices and Systems - T J Maloney, Prentice Hall
India (1986)
A course in electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation — A K Sawhney,
Danapath Rai and Co (2005)
Electronic Instrumentation- H.S Kalsi, Tata Mc Graw Hill (2006)
5. Transducers and Instrumentation — P V S Murthy, Prentice Hall India (2003)
CEL 1503 QUANTUM MECHANICS II
MODULE 1
Position and Momentum representations in Q.M.
Time evolution of a system — SchrOdinger picture, Heisenberg picture and interaction picture.
Matrix formulation of quantum mechanics — matrix representations of operators and wave functions,
matrix representation of eigen value problem, momentum representation, Dirac bra and ket
notations.matrix formulation of linear harmonic oscillator..
33
MODULE 2
Solution of linear harmonic oscillator-operator method, coherent states, number operator, density
operator, Dirac delta function.
Theory of angular momentum, basic commutation relations of angular momentum operators eigen
value and eigen functions of angular momentum op. — L 2, Lz, J2 , J.
Angular momentum matrices, spin, Pauli spin matrices, addition of angular momenta, identical
particles.
MODULE 3
Time independent perturbation-first order and second order approximation, stark effect, degenerate
states, variational method, hydrogen and helium atoms, WKB approximation.
Time dependent perturbation theory-first order approximation, constant and harmonic perturbation,
transition probability, dipole approx., Einstein coefficient, quantization of EM field,spontaneous
and stimulated emission.
MODULE 4
Scattering theory, partial wave analysis, Born Approximation, scattering by hard sphere, square
well and coulomb scattering.
Relativistic quantum mechanics- Klein-Gordon equation, plane wave solutions, interpretation of
K-G equation, Dirac equation, Dirac matrices, plane wave solution, positron theory, spin of
electrons from Dirac theory.
REFERENCES
Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldas, Printice Hall India ,( 2004)(Text)
Quantum mehanics —L I Schiff , Mc Grow Hill ( 1968)
Quantum physics-Ghatak and Lokanathan,McMillian, 5th Ed (2003 )(Text)
Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006)
Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002)
Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash , Printice Hall India (2002)
7. Modern Quantum Mechanics- J J Sakurai,Pearson Education ,Revised Ed (2003)
CEL 1504 MATERIAL SCIENCE
MODULE 1
Crystal symmetry and crystal systems-Traslational vectors and lattices, unit cell, miller indices,
symmetric operations, reciprocal lattices, hexagonal close packed structure, NaCl, CsCI, Diamond
and ZnS structures —X ray diffraction and Bragg's law, Powder diffraction, different types of
bonding in crystals, Vander vaal's, ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds.
MODULE 2
Lattice vibrations-Phonons, phonon spectra of monoatomic and diatomic linear lattices, scattering
of phonons by neutrons, experimental techniques to get phonon spectra, lattice heat capacity,
Einstein Model, Debye's Model.
Band theory of solids, density of states, Fermi level, origin of bands, classification of materials
based on band gap.
34
MODULE 3
Electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors, effect of doping on Fermi level in
semiconductors.
Bloch theorem, Kronig —Penny model, electrical conductivity in exintrinsic semiconductors
Super Conductivity Types of semiconductors, Meissner effect, isotope effect, BCS theory,
Josephson effect, SQUID, High temperature super conductors, Applications.
Use of SEM, TEM, AFM for material characterization.
MODULE 4
Dielectric property of solids-polarisability, ferroelectric crystals, magnetic properties of solids,
dia, para and ferro magnetism, ferromagnetic domains, hysterisis, BH curve, adiabatic
demagnetization, Clausius-Mosotti relation, Lorentz-Lorentz formula, Curie-Weiss law, Langevin's
theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism.
REFERENCES
1 Solid state Physics-Kittel, Wiley Eastern (1974)
2 Introduction to Solids- Azaroff, Tata McGraw Hill (1977) (Text)
3 Text book of Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2002)
4 Problems in Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2003)
5 Solid State Physics- A J Dekker , MacMillian India Ltd (2002)
CEL 1505 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
MODULE I
Microwave spectra of molecules- rotation of molecules, Rotational energy levels of rigid and
non-rigid diatomic molecules, Rotational term values, Pure rotational spectra of diatomic molecules,
Effect of isotropic substitution-spectra, Polyatomic molecules, linear and symmetric top, Microwave
spectrometer, Evaluation of molecular constants. Diatomic vibrating rotator, vibrational term values,
evaluation of vibrational constants of diatomic.
IR spectroscopy, pure vibration spectrum of diatomic molecules, SHO and anharmonic oscillator.
molecules from IR spectra, Interaction of
and vibration , breakdown of Born-Oppenheimer
approximation.
MODULE 2
Vibration of polyatomic molecules- Modes of vibration of linear tri atomic and nonlinear tri atomic
molecules with special reference to CO 2 and 1120. Linear and symmetric top-Analysis by IR
spectroscopy. Experimental techniques of IR spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy : Classical and quantum theory of Raman effect. Stokes and anti-Stokes
Raman lines, Pure rotational Raman spectra, Linear symmetric, top and spherical top molecules,
vibrational Raman spectra, Complementary nature of IR and Raman spectra. Structure determination
from Raman and IR spectra, Experimental techniques and instrumentation.
35
MODULE 3
Electronic spectroscopy- Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Vibrational coarse structure,
progressions and sequences, Deslander's table isotope effect, Frank-Condon principle. Intensity
distribution in absorbtion and emission spectra. Condon parabola, Dissociation and predesosiation,
Evaluation of dissociation energy, Rotaional fine structure of electronic spectra - P,Q R branchs,
Band head formation, Band shading-Fortrat parabola. Basic ideas of experimental techniques.
MODULE 4
Spin resonance spectroscopy- Spin and applied field-Theory of NMR, Experimental techniques
and relaxation- Chemical shift
ESR-Theory and experimental techniques- g factor-Hyperfine structure
Mossbauer's spectroscopy, Mossbauer's effect-theory and experimental techniques,
Isomer shift
REFERENCES
Molecular Spectroscopy —Banwell ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ,4 th Ed (1995) (Text)
Molecular Spectroscopy-Anildhas ,Orient Longman (2001)
Spectra of Diatomic molecules-Gerald Hertz Berg , Dover Publishers (1983)
Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley sons(2002)
Spectroscopy —Stroghen & Walker Vol.2 ,John Wiley Sons,N Y (1976)
Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta Kumar and Sharma ,Pragathi Prakashan Meerut, 6th
Ed(1983)
Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy-C,L Arora ,S Chand Publishing Company,3 rd Edition
(2001)
Spectroscopy and Molecular structure - G.W King ,Holt,Rinehart & Winston Inc(1964)
9. Molecular Spectroscopy- Raman Gopalan and Raghavan, Thomson Learning
Publishers(2004)
CEL 1506 LAB/ VIVA
CEL 1507 SEMINAR
36
SEMESTER VI
CEL 1601 PHOTONICS I - OPTOELECTRONICS
MODULE I
Electronic properties of semi conductors - effect of pressure and temperature on band gap.
density of carriers in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Consequence of heavy doping,
conduction processes in semiconductors, electron-hole pair formation and recombination. PN
junction, carrier recombination and diffusion, injection efficiency, heterojunction, internal
quantum efficiency, double heterojunction, quantum well, quantum dot and super lattices.
MODULE 2
Optical proprieties of semiconductors-Excitation absorption, donor-acceptor and impurity band
absorption, long wavelength absorption.
Basics of all solid state lamps-LED materials and device configuration, efficiency, high brightness
LEDs, Light extraction from LEDs, LED structures-SH, DH, SQW, MQW, Device performance
characteristics. Manufacturing processing and applications- White solid state lamps.
MODULE 3
Photodetectors- Thermal detectors, photoconductors, Junction photodiodes, APD, Optical
heterodyning and electro-optic measurements, fibre coupling, phototransister, Modulated barrier
PD, Schottky Barrier PD. MSM PD. Detectors for long wavelength operation, microcavity PD,
Solar cells- I-V characteristics and spectral response. Materials and design considerations of
solar cells.
MODULE 4
Display devices- PL, EL and CL displays, displays based on LED, Plasma panel and LCD.
Optoelectronics modulation and switching devices-Analog and Digital modulation. EO, AO and
MO modulators, SEED.
REFERENCES
Semiconductor optoeletronic devices-Pallab Bhattacharaya, PHI,(1995) (Text)
An introduction to optoelectronics- Wilson & Hawkes., Prentice Hall India, (1996)
Optic fiber communications —J.M Senior ,Prentice Hall India, (1995)
Semiconductor Optoelectronics-Jasprit Singh Tata Mc Graw Hill, (1995)
Light Emitting Diodes-E Fred Scheubert ,Cambridge University Press,(2003)
Solid State Lighting-Zukazukasu, John Wiley Sons NY,( 2002)
7. Optoelectronic devices and systems- S C Gupta ,Prentice Hall India (2005)
CEL1602 PHOTONICS II - FIBRE OPTICS
MODULE 1
Optical waveguides, numerical aperture, Modes in planar waveguides, Goos-Hanschen effect,
evanescent field. Cylindrical fibres. Step index and graded index fibres, single mode and multimode
37
fibres, cut of wavelengths, channel waveguides, electro optic waveguides, i/p and o/p couplers,
e-o and m -o modulators applications of integrated optics - lenses, grating, spectrum analysers.
MODULE 2
Transmission characteristics of optical fibre, attenuation, absorption and scattering losses,
nonlinear losses, wavelengths for communication, bend losses, dispersion effects in optical fibresmaterial and waveguide dispersions, modal birefringence and polarization maintaining fibres.
MODULE 3
Optical fibre measurements - Allennnuation, loss dispersion band width, refractive index profile.
OTDR. testing of optical fibre systems, eye pattern techniques.
Fabrication and characterization of Polymer fibres and holey fibres. Erbium doped fihres.
MODULE 4
Fibre optic sensors - Intensity modulation and interference type sensors, intrinsic: and extrinsic
fibres. Polarisation modulation type sensors. Sagniac and fibre gyro, temperature, pressure, force
and chemical sensors.
Fibre components - couplers, connectors, Packaging, Fibre Optic communication- basic principle,
WDM, telemetric applications. Industrial, medical and technological applications of optical fibre.
REFERENCES
Optical Fibre communication - J M Senior .Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text)
Optical Fibre communication sy'stems - J Gowar ,Prentice Hall India (1995)
Fibre optic communication - J Palais , Prentice Hall India (1988)
Fundamentals of Fibre Optic Telecommunication -B P Pal., Wiley Eastern(1994)
Integrated Optics - R G Husperger . Springer Verlag, (1998)
Fundamentals of Fibre Optics-B P Pal. ,Wiley Eastern., (1994)
7. Understanding Fiber optics- J Hecht ,Pearson Edu. Inc (2006)
CEL 1603 PHOTONICS III - LASER PHYSICS
MODULE 1
Radiative transitions and emission linewidths. Radiative decay of excited states, homogeneous
and inhomogeneous broadenings. Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emissions. Einstein's
A and B Coefficients. Absorption and gain of homogeneously broadened radiative transitions,
gain coefficient and stimulated emission cross section for homogeneous and inhomogeneous
broadening.
MODULE 2
Necessary and sufficient conditions for laser action ( population invasion and saturation intensity),
threshold requirements for laser with and without cavity, laser amplifiers, rate equations for
three and four level systems, pumping mechanisms.
Laser cavity modes- longitudinal and transverse modes in rectangular cavity. FP cavity modes,
Spectral and spatial hole burning, stability of laser resonator and stability diagram, unstable and
ring resonators.
38
MODULE 3
Q-switching and Mode locking, active and passive techniques, generation of giant pulses and
pico second optical pulses, Properties of laser be»ra and techniques to characterize laser beam.
MODULE 4
Generation of ultra fast Optical pulses - Pulse compression. Femto second optical pulses,
characterization of femto second pulses. Semi classical theory of lasers, polarization in the
medium, first order theory.
REFERENCES
Laser Fundamentals - W T Silfvast, Cambridge University Press (1996)(Text)
Laser Electronics - J T Vardeyan. PHI,2 nd Ed (1989)
Lasers-Theory and Applications- Ghatak and Thyagarajan, McMillan (2002) (Text)
Principles of lasers - Svelto, Plenum Press (1948)
Solidstate laser engineering - Koechner, Springer Verlag (1993)
Laser Physics- Tarasov. Mir Publishers (1985)
CEL 1604 —PROJECT/VIVA
CEL 1605 -LAB/VIVA
39
SEMESTER VII
•
CEL 2701 ADVANCED SOLID STATE THEORY
Reading Section: Crystal structures. X-ray crystallography
MODULE I
Free electrons in metals - ground state of free electron gas, heat capacity of free electron gas,
transport properties of conduction electrons. Wiedemall -Franz law and temperature dependence
of electrical and thermal conductivities. Hall effect, energy band structure, tight binding approach.
Waves in crystals - normal modes , Bloch's theorem, disperson relations.
MODULE 2
Semi conductors- electrons and boles, electrical conductivity, continuity equations, Parra, dia,
ferro and ferri magnetism. Weiss molecular field. Neel model of anti ferromagnetism. spin wave,
dielectrics - polarization due to relative motion of electrons and nuclei. Pyroelectric materials.
Landau model.
MODULE 3
Super conductivity . Type 1 and Type II. London equation, Theory of super conductivity. Cooper
problem and origin of attractive interaction . super conducting ground stale, order parameter,
flux quanisation, Josephson effects SQUID, Scattering of electrons and neutrons from solids,
neutron scattering and phonon spectra, election scattering Metals- Fermi surfaces, density of
states.
MODULE 4
Luminescence emission from semi conductors ,Oscillator strength of hand-to-band transition.
Franz-Keldysh and Slark effect. Kramers- Kronig relations (ref 2).
Low dimensional structures- Quantum wells and quantum dots- creation and structure of quantum
dots, single particle states of quantum dots, selection rules for inter band transitions, Intra and
inter band transitions, Photoluminescence and absorption spectra, capacitance spectroscopy,
self assembled quantum dots, quantum dots in magnetic field, Exciton in quantum dot.
REFERENCES
I. Solid state Physics- I L Hook and H E Hall, John Wiely Sons 2" Ed, (1993)
Semiconductor Optoelectronics - Pallab Bhatacharya, Prentice Hall 2nd Ed( 2002)
Quantum dots- L Jacak .P Hawylak, A Wojs,. Springer Verlag. (1998)
Solid State Physics — Kind, Wiley Eastern (1974)
Solid state Physics -A J Dekker, MacMillan India Ltd (2002)
40
CEL 27 02 LASER SYSTEMS AND LASER APPLICATIONS
MODULE 1
Classification of lasers, Type of pumping, design aspects of resonator, stable and unstable
resonators, tuning mechanism, He-Ne laser. CO2 laser, Ar ion laser , Dye laser, semi conductor
laser. Nd YAG laser. OPO Laser. FEL, Pico and Femto second lasers, Recombination laser. X-ray
laser. DFB laser, surface emitting and rare earth doped lasers.
MODULE 2
Laser diode-Thresold current and power output ,Semi conductor lasers, Hetrojunction lasers
Quantum well lasers, DFB and surface emitting lasers,
Industrial Applications of lasers, absorption of radiation by metals, semiconductors and
insulators, laser drilling, welding, cutting and surface cleaning, laser generated plasma and laser
deposition of thin film, optical fibre spiking, generation of fibre grating.
MODULE 3
Lasers in chemistry, isotope separation, laser induced chemical reaction, infrared
photochemistry, ultrafast processes, monitoring fast chemical reactions, biological effects of
electromagnetic radiation, lasers in medicine, photodynamic therapy, laser angioplasty, lasers in
surgery, laser displays.
MODULE 4
Holography and Speckle interferometry, hologram recording and recombination, thin and thick
holograms, applications of holography in NDT and pattern recognition. Principles of Speckle
interferometry and its applications to NDT.
Other applications of lasers- laser pollution monitoring, LIDAR, laser gyros, laser induced fusion,
CD ROM, laser cooling and trapping of atoms- magnetic and optical traps, optical molasses,
lasers in computing- optical logic gates.
REFERENCES
I.
Principles of lasers -Svelto, Plenum Press 1998
Solid state laser engineering — W Koechner, Springer Verlag, Revised edition (2006)
Laser Processing and analysis of materials- W W Duley, Plenum Press (1983)
NdYag laser surgery — Joffy S N, Y Ogurov, Springer velag
Lasers in medicine - H K Kobener, Wiley Sons
Laser cooling and trapping - H J Metcalfe and P Van der Staten , Springer verlag
Lasers and nonlinear optics - B B Laud, Wiley Eastern 3 rd Ed (2004)
Optical computing - D G Beitelson, MIT Press (2000)
Fundamentals of Photonics - B E A Salch. M C Teich .John Wiley Sons, 2 nd Edition(2007)
Optical measurement technology and applications PK Rustogi, Artech. House (2001)
Optical Holography- P Hariharan, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition (1996).
12. Laser Processing and Chemistry- Dieter Bauerde, Springer Verlag, 2 nd Edition (1995).
CEL 2EX1 Elective I ( from the list)
CEL 2EX2 Elective II( from the list)
41
CEL 2703 LAB I-ELECTRONICS
CEL 2704 LAB II - MATHEMATICAL MODELLING & SIMULATION
This paper is fully practical oriented . It is mandatory to simulate at least one problem from each
unit, by creating the model and simulating it using C or C++. Alab test of three hours duration
would ensure the coverage and preparation. Simulation using Graph Theory is also envisaged in
this course.
REFERENCES
System simulation with digital computer — Narsingh Deo, Prentice Hall India (2003)(Text)
Graph Theory with Applicaations to Engneering and computer science- Narsingh Deo,
Prentice Hall India (2003) (Text).
CEL 2705 SEMINAR / VIVA
42
SEMESTER VIII
CEL 2801 NON LINEAR OPTICS
Reading : Maxwell's equations. Poynting vector. Propagation of EMW in conducting and
nonconducting media. Boundary conditions and snell's laws.
MODULE 1
Nonlinear optical coefficients, second order and third order susceptibility tensors, propagation of
EMW through second order nonlinear media. OSHG. phase matching. OPO frequency conversion,
experimental technique in study second order non linearity.
MODULE 2
Third order NLO. FWM. Phase conjugate Optics, Distortion correction theorem, Generation of
OPC waves, Coupled mode formulation, Experimental set up, Experiments involving OPCResonators with OPC mirror, Distortion correction within resonator, Imaging through distorting
medium, Image processing through FWM.
MODULE 3
Two photon absorption, Experimental set up to detect TPA, Stimulated Raman Scattering, CARS,
Raman laser,
Intensity dependent refractive index, Z-scan technique, Maxwell- Bloch equation, Self induced
transparency, Pulse area theorem, self focusing, Threshold condition for self focusing.
MODULE 4
Saturable and reverse saturate absorbers, optical limiting , Z-scan technique, Nonlinear Fabry —
Perot etalon, Optical transistors, NL F-P as computing element, Optical logic gates, Opticl bistability
— absorptive and dispersive type bistabilities.
REFERENCES
Nonlinear Optics. - Shen. John Wiley and Sons (1991)
\ - A Yariv Oxford University press
Optical electronics in modern communication (5 th Ea)
(1997).
Quantum Electronics —A Yarive, Accademic Press, 3 rd Ed(1989)
Non- Linear Fibre optics- Govind P Agarwal,Accademic Press, 2" d Ed(1989)
5. Polarisation of Light in Non- Linear optics- P Svirko &N I Zheludev, John Wiley Sons(1998)
CEL 2802 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND
OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Module I
Characteristics of signals — unit step function, impulse, ramp functions, frequency spectum of
periodic wave functions.
43
Discrete time signals: properties of discrete lime system, difference equation representation,
sampling and igitization Z transform, inverse Z transform. Discrete FT and its properties. FFT,
decimation in time and frequency.
MODULE 2
Two dimensional Z-transform. Digital fillers, IK and FIR filters Design of IIR and FIR filters.
Window function.
MODULE 3
Fresnel Transform, Hilbert, Radon and Mellin transforms, Two dimensional Fourier Transform,
convolution and correlation. Effect of lens on wavefront. FT properly of lens, OTF. Time and
space integrating architecture, spectrum analysis, Vanderlugt filter.
MODULE 4
Image spatial filtering. SLMs AO. MO, EO and LC based SLMs, Optical numerical processing.
Simple .-arithmatic evaluation of polynomials. Optical implementation of matrix vector
multiplication, double integration, partial differential equations.
REFERENCES
7.
An introduction to analog and digital communication- Simon Haykin. John Wiley, (1994).
Modern digital and analog communication systems — Lathi B P, CULT OXFORD, (1998).
Signal processing using optics- B G Boone,Oxford Univ Press, (2000).
Optical computing-D G Feitelson.,MIT Press, (2001).
Digital image processing- B Jahane, Springer verlag, (1997).
The Fourier Transform And its Applications to Optics-P M Duffieux, John Wiley Sons
2nd Ed, (1983)
Contemperory optics- Thygarajan & Ghatak, Mac Millian India, (1981)
CEL 2EX3- Elective III, 2EX4 - Elective IV
CEL 2803 LAB -1 ELECTRONICS
CEL 2804 LAB- II PHOTONICS
CEL 2805 SEMINAR /VIVA
44
SEMESTER IX
CEL 2901 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
MODULE 1
Evolution of Optical Communication. Evolution of fibre types, guiding properties of fibres, cross
talk between fibres, dispersion properties of fibres, nonlinear properties of optical fibres. SRS.
SBS, intensity dependent refractive index. Characterization of materials for fibres, fibre perform
preparation, fibre drawing.
MODULE 2
Optical and mechanical characterization of fibres Optical cable design- design objectives and
cable structures, fibre splicing. fibre end preparation, single and array splices, measurement of
splicing efficiency, Optical fibre connectors, connector alignments, optical sources for
communication. LED. injection lasers, modulation.
MODULE 3
Photo-detectors, Photo-detector noise, signal to noise ratio, Optical receiver operation, error
sources, receiver configuration„ Digital receiver performance calculations, Pre-amplifier types,
high impedance and trans-impedance amplifiers, analog receivers.
MODULE 4
Digital transmission systems, Point to point links, system considerations, link power budget, rise
time budget, Line coding, Coherent systems, heterodyne and homodyne detection. WDM concepts
and components, operational principles of WDM, Optical amplifiers, Erbium doped fiber
amplifiers, Gain and power conversion efficiency, Soliton communication-basic principle- Optical
network, network topologies.
REFERENCES
1. Optical fibre communication - J M Senior, Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text)
2 Optical fibre telecommunication IV B - I Kaninov, T Li, Academic Press, (2002)
Optical fiber Communications- Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed (2000) (Text)
Optical fiber communication-J Palais, Prentice Hall International, (1988)
CEL 2902 LAB — I FIBRE OPTICS LAB
CEL 2903LAB - II PHOTONICS LAB
SEMINAR / VIVA
CEL 2904
CEL 2EX5 — Elective V CEL 2EX6 - Elective 6, CEL 2EX7 — Elective 7
ELECTIVES
( CEL 2Ex will be offered as electives during VII, VIII and IX semesters depending on the
availability of Teaching Faculty and a minimum of 6 students giving option for the paper.)
45
CEL 2E 01 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MODULE I
Basic ciruit concepts-Kerchoffs law, Classification of circuits,T and D networks ,Network
theorems- Thevenin, Norton, Maximum power Transfer and SuperPosition theorems, Reciprocity
and Substitution theorems.Transients in linear ciruits- R L & R C.
MODULE 2
Laplace transform analyses of simple network, partial fraction expansion, initial and final
value theorems, convolution integrals. Network functions, complex frequency, impedance and
admittance between transfer function and impulse response and their use in network analysis,
zero plot.
MODULE 3
Introduction to positive real functions, network functions, network synthesis - synthesis of
passive one port network, LC, RC, RL network, Foster and Causer methods
Modulation techniques- amplitude modulation and demodulation, frequency devision
multiplexing, frequency modulation and demodulation. FM Radio, stereophonic FM
broadcasting, B/Wand colour Transmission and reception.
MODULE 4
PCM, samping. quantising, coding, DPCM, delta modulation, digital multiplexing for telephony,
digilal modulalion - ASK. FSK, PSK. QPSK Signal to noise ratio, AM and FM receiver models,
noise in AM and FM reception.
REFERENCES
Basic circuit theory - Desor and Kuo. Me. Gtaw Hill (1969)
Network analysis - Van Valkenberg,PrenticeHall India, 3' Ed(2004)
Network lines and fields — Ryder, Prentice Hall India,2 nd Ed(2003)
Principle of network synthesis - Van Vakenberg,
An introduction lo digital and analog communication - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, (1994)
Principles of communication systems - Taub. H and Schilling, DT
Modern digital and analog communication systems- CULT OXFORD(1998)
Network Analysis-G. K Mithel, Khana Publishers4th Ed (1997)
Electronic Communication Systems- Kennely $&Davis,TataGraw Hill 4 th Ed(1999)
Monochrome & Colour Television- R R Guletc, New Age International (2004)
CEL 2E 02 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND WAVELET THEORY
MODULE 1
Introduction to Discrete mathematics, notions and notations, functions - definition,
construction, properties, construction techniques, inductively defined sets, language
construction Equivalence relations, inductive proof, optimal algorithm, solving recurrences,
comparing rates of growth.
46
MODULE 2
Elementary logic- Prepositional Calculus, formal reasoning system, predictive- logic, first order
predictive calculus, equivalent formulae.
Applied logic, equality, programme correctness, higher order logic, computational logic, abstract
data types and algebras, computational algebra.
MODULE 3
Wavelet theory - one-dimensional wavelet systems, scaling equations, orthonormal wavelet
systems.
MODULE 4
Wavelet image compression, wavelet filter design, wavelet channel coding and digital
modulation techniques.
REFERENCES
Discrete Mathematics - Hein James L, Jones and Burlett Publishers Inc. (1998)
Foundations of Discrete Mathematics - Joshi K D, Wiley Eastern. (1989)
Wavelet analysis - H L Resnikoff and R 0 Wells, Springer verlag (1998)
Wavelets and allied topics - P K Jain Mhaskar. Krishna. Narosa ( 2001
CEL 2E 03 OPTICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY
MODULE 1
Light beam as a sensing tool- simple optical sensors- single and double optic sensorsmeasurements of small displacements- radius of curvature-lamp and scale arrangement- angle of
rotation - speed of rotation - stroboscope, method of Triangulation, projected fringe technique,
lidar for atmospheric remote sensing. lidar equation.
MODULE 2
Interferometry for precision measurements, two-beam interferometry, Michelson interferometer,
fringe displacement and fringe counting, heterodyne interferometer, super heterodyne
interferometry. electron speckle pattern interferometry photoelastic measurements. Moire
technique.
MODULE 3
Optical fibre sensors - general features- types of OFS- intrinsic and extrinsic sensors, shutter
based multimode OFS —simple fibre based sensors for displacement, temperature and pressure
measurements- reflective FOS and applications, Fibre Bragg grating based sensors.
Light transmission in microbend fibres- microbend OFS- measurements with microbend sensorsevanescent wave phenomenon- evanescent wave FOS- chemical sensors using EWFOSdistributed sensing with FOS- OTDR and applications, FO smart sensing.
MODULE 4
Interferometric FOS- basic principles- interferometric configurations- Mach-Zender, Michelson
and Fabri-Perot configurations- component, and construction of interferometic FOSapplications of interometric FOS- Sagnac interferometer- fibre gyro, OTDR and Applications
47
REFERENCES
Fibre Optic Sensors- B D Gupta
Fundamentals of Fibre Optics in Telecommunications and Sensor Systems- B.P. Pal, Wiley
Eastern(1994)
Optics -AjoyGhatak, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 3 rd Ed (2005)
Lasers, Theory and Applications - Ghatak & Thyagarajan, Mcmillan India Ltd (2002)
Optical measurement techniques and applications- P KRastogi. Artech House (1997)
Optical Fibre sensors, components and subsystems Vol. 3- Brain Culshaw and John Dakin,
Artech House Inc. (1996)
7. Optoelectrinic Devices and Systems- S C Gupta, PHI (2005)
CEL 2E 04 ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
MODULE 1
Guided Waves- TE TM & TEM Waves -attenuation, Wave impedence, Rectangular wave guides,
impedence and Q-factor of wave guides, power handling cavity,TE $ TM in circular waveguides
— attenuation.
MODULE 2
Transmission Lines-Lossy transmission line, Lossless transmission line,characteristics, striop lines,
microstrip lines, properties of substrates.
MODULE 3
Anntenna- Antenna structure, radition pattern, gain beam width, minor lobes, Travelling wave
antenna, Directional properties of dipole antenna. Polarization, Thermal impedence Loss, SNR.
MODULE 4
Antenna arrays- Linear array, Binomial array, Antenna synthesis, Superdirective arrays,arrays of
two isotropic point sources, pattern multiplication , horn antennas, parabolic reflectors.
REFERENCES
Antenns- Krauss J D,Mc Graw Hill (1995)
Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" Ed (1998)
Introduction to Electromagnetism- Paul C A and Nassar S A, Mc Graw Hill (1987)
Microstrip Antennas- Bohl and Bhatia, Artech House (1980)
CEL 2E 05 OPTICAL COMPUTING
MODULE I
Analog optical processing. Linear Optical processing. Spatial filtering using binary filters,
inverse filtering. Analog optical arithmetic- nonlinear optical processing, arithmetic operation.
48
MODULE 2
Recognition using analog optical systems, matched niter, joint transform correlation, amplitude
modulated recognition Tiller. Digital optical computing, nonlinear devices, integrated optical
devices. SLM
MODULE 3
Shadow costing and symbolic substitution, design algorithm of shadow casting system,
polarization encoded optical shadow tailing { POSC). POSC processing, symbolic substitution
and optical implementation.
MODULE 4
Optical implementation of memory, holographic and wave guide optical interconnections Optical
Computing devices- Nonlinear Fabry -Perot etalon. Optical transistor, threshold logic devices,
devices using threshold logic gale components, optical computer.
REFERENCES
Optical computing-an introduction - MA Karim. AAS Awwal, John Wiley, (1992)Text)
Signal processing using optics- B G Boone . Oxford Univ Press, (2000)
Optical computing-D G Feitelson. MIT Press , 2001 ( Text)
Optical computing — Digital and Symboles,Raymond Arathoon, Macel Deccker N Y (1989)
CEL 2E 06 MICROWAVE PHOTONICS
MODULE 1
General performance consideration of transmission lines-coaxial cables, wave guides.
microstrip, stripline, optical fibre, comparison of losses. Radio frequency beam forming.
scanning techniques, circuit beam formers, imaging reflector antennas, RF electronic beam
steering techniques for optical fibres.
MODULE 2
Phased array antennas. AO lime delays for phased array antennas, delay line, lime delays
arrangements for phased array antennas, experimental results, two dimensional array antennas,
beam steering.
MODULE 3
Optically controlled beam scanning, phase shifters, injection locking, beam Steering using
subharmonic injection locking, inter junction locking method, unilateral injection locking.
MODULE 4
Binary optical delay lines, fibre optical delay lines, square root cascade delay lines, hack
ground binary fibre optical delay line, architecture and design of BIFODEL.
Optical beam steering of antennas using lasers, Optically controlled array, image mask, fibre
optic shutter switch, signal lo noise ratio and laser out put. radiation pattern and reduction in
side lobe level, photonic crystals (or microwave application).
Tea Antenna design with fibre optics- A Kumar, Artech House (1996).
49
REFERENCES
Coplanar waveguides, circuit, components and systems- E J Simons, Wiley(2001)
Integrated optics,circuits-EJ Murphy., Marcel Dekker Inc.(1999)
3. Photonics crystals - S G Johnson, J D Joannopoulos; Kluver Pub(2002)
CEL2E 07 ATOM OPTICS
MODULE 1
Linear Atom Optics- Light forces on atoms. atomic cooling. Doppler and Sisyphus cooling.
Evaporative cooling. Atomic beam collimation and focusing, channeling by standing Waves.
Evanescent Held mirrors, focused laser beam mirrors.
MODULE 2
Atomic diffraction - Ramn-Nath and Bragg regime, grilling and interferometers, Atomic traps
and cavities magneto optic. magnetic and optical traps. atomic waveguides.
Quantum atom optics- matter wave coherence, Bose Einstein Condensation, experiments in alkali
vapours, atom lasers, matters wave Solitons.
MODULE 3
Nonlinear wave mixing- Atomic four wave mixing, mixing of optical and mailer waves. parametric
amplification of atomic and optical fields.
MODULE 4
Entanglement between atomic and optical fields, matter waves super radiance, mailer wave
amplification. Application of atom optics.
REFERENCES
Atom Optics - P Meysire . Springer Verlag. 2001
Laser cooling and atom traps-Melcalfe, Springer Verlag (1998)
CEL 2E 08 LASER SPECTROSCOPY
MODULE I
Spectroscopy technique, Conventional spectroscope recording in UV-Vis-NIR region using
dispersing spectrographs, Comparison between Spectrometers and interferometers.
Laser Raman Techniques- Hyper Raman effect, SRS,CARS, PARS,Experimental schcmes General
applications of Laser Raman Spectroscopy.
OG Spectroscopy-theory and experimental techniques —applications of OGS.
MODULE 2
Fluorescence spectroscopy-Different types of spectroscopy —Characteristics of LuminescenceGeneral concepts, processes, Parameters-Energy Transfer mechanisms —Sensization and
quenching. Experimental Schemes.
Rare earth- ions- Absorption and fluorescence spectra.- Energy levels of rare earth ions in fluoride
and suiphide crystals.
Fluorescence of Dyes —structure and properties of organic laser Dyes- Quantum efficiency.
50
MODULE 3
High Resolution spectroscopy-Doppler free spectroscopy, Two photon absorption spectroscopy,
Saturation absorption spectroscopy.
Laser photoionization spectroscopy-photoionization of excited atoms-Rydberg atomic states —
00DR Techinique .Photoionization detection of single atoms-Different methods of single atom
detection.
Correlation spectroscopy of scattered light, photon assisted collisional energy transfer, single
molecule detection, spectroscopic characterization of BE condensates.
MODULE 4
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy- Theory of PAS of gases,-Resonance conditions —RG Theory
(analytical treatment) PA effect in gases, liquids, and solids- Design of PA spectrometer—Application
of PAS —Evaluation of optical and thermal parameters-Thermal diffusivity- Depth profiling.
Thermal lens spectroscopy- Focal length of thermal lens — single and double beam techniques applications of TLS.
REFERENCES
Photoacoustic spectroscopy — Rosencwaig, Wiley,(1981)
Thermo optic spectroscopy- J Sell, Academic press, (1992)
Laser Spectroscopy : W Demtroder , Springer Verlag 3 rd ed, 2003 ( Text)
Lumincence in Solids —D R Vij ,Plenum Press NY, (1998)
Lasers and Nonlinear optics — B B Laud, New Age International 2 nd Edition, (2003)
Laser spectroscopy and its Applications- Leon J Radzemski, Marcel Deklar Pub.IncNY
(1987)
Dye lasers —F P Schafer, Springer Verlag 2 nd Revised Ed (1977) (2006)
Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy _ Vladin S Letokhov, Accademic Press Inc (1987)
9. Spectroscopy,Lumincence and Radiations centeres in minerals-A S Marfunin,Spriger Verlag
N Y (1977)
CEL 2E 09 QUANTUM OPTICS
MODULE 1
Quantisation of EMF. Field quantisation. Fock slates, coherent slates, coherence properties of
EMF - first order optical coherence, coherent field, photon correlation measurements, photon
counting measurements.
Representation of EMF. Expansion in number stales, coherent states, P-representation, correlation
and characteristic functions, Photon statistics, photon number representation.
MODULE 2
Density of states and density matrix .Squeezed light-generation and application of squeezed light,
coherent interaction of light with matter, Maxwell - Bloch equations. Spontaneous decay of two
level atoms.
51
MODULE 3
. Optical Instability- dispersive and absorptive cases Bell's inequalities in quantum optics, EPR
argument, experimental studies, nondemolition measurements, quantum coherence.
MODULE 4
Deflection of atoms by light. Kapitza- Dirac effect. Optical Stern -Gerlach experiment, Interaction
between Atoms and quantized fields- dressed fields, Jaynes - Cummings model.
REFERENCES
Quantum optics-D P Walls& G H Milburn , Springer verlag.(1993) (Text).
Elements of quantum optics -Meysre and M Sargent , Springer verlag ,(1998) (Text )
press, (1995).
CEL 2E 10 PHOTONICS MATERIALS
MODULE 1
Nano materials- nanocrystals, quantum dots and quantum wells, nanocrystals of Ill-V
compounds and indirect gap materials, energy states of quantum dots, photonics applications of
quantum dots and quantum wells, photonic switches and modulators using quantum dots and
quantum wells.
MODULE 2
Organic materials for photonics, evaluation of second order and third order optical.
non linearities, organic materials for second and third order nonlinear optics, photoreractive
polymers, polymers for light emiting sources, optical limiting, polymers for optical fibre.
MODULE 3
Sol-Gel materials for Photonics applications, method of preparations, electro optic-magneto
optic and acousto optic materials, Photonic devices based on EO.MO , AO effects. Fluoride glass
based fibres and their applications.
MODULE 4
Thin film optics based components, design and production of thin films, and reflection and dichroic
reflection coatings. DWDM filters, production and characterization of optical thin films- PLD,
CVD, PV,. MBE,dip,spin and spray coatings.
Optical IC and wave guide structures- coplanar waveguides, frequency doublers. mixers. MEMS,
Photonic band gap structures, waveguides of elevated and buried structures, optical Icsarchitecture and applications.
REFERENCES
1 Optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots - V Woggon . Springer verlag.( 1997)
Optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals- S VGaponeko, Cambridge University
Press(1998).
Sol-Gel for Photonics, B J Thompson. SP1E. (1998).
4. Practical design & production of optical thin films - R R Wiltey, Marcel & Dekker, (2002).
52
Coplanar wave guide circuits, components and systems- R N Simons.Wiley, ( 2001)
Nonlinear optics of organic molecules & polymers -H S Nalwa, S Miyata. CRC, (1996).
7. Sol- Gel Materials- chemistry and applications — John D Wright and Nico A J M Sommerdijk,
Gorden & Breach Science Publications (2001).
CEL 2E 11 OPTO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MODULE 1
Drawings of optical components and systems, dimensional tolerances and error budgets Principles
of opto mechanical design-structural and kinematic aspects- vibration control Materials for optical
systems, properties and selection criteria, metal mirrors- fabrication methods and light weighting.
MODULE 2
Light weight mirror design- estimating minor weight, mirror self-weight deflection, contoured
back mirrors and sandwich mirrors, Optical mounts for lenses, windows, small mirrors and
prism: adjustment mechanism- lilear, tilt and rotary adjustment mechanism.
MODULE 3
Structural analysis of optics- finite element theory, displacement and dynamic models for optics,
stress models, optical surface evaluation, modeling of optical structures, ray tracing, optimum
design.
MODULE 4
Thermal and thermo elastic analysis of optics, heal transfer analysis, model types, interpolation
of temperature fields, thermo elastic analysis.
Fabrication methods- method selection manufacturing methods, fabrication of light weight
components, chemical and vacuum coating processes in optics.
REFERENCES
Hand book of optomechanical engineering - A A hmad, CRC (1997)
Passive Micro optical Alignment Methods — R.A. Boudreau & S.M. Boudreau, Taylor & Francis
Group, C.R.C(2005).
CEL 2E 12 INDUSTRIAL PHOTONICS
MODULE 1
Photonics Technology ; Components -couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, and fillers fibre gratings, interferometers. FO amplifiers, transmitters and deletions, switches, wavelength
converters, nonlinear effects in signal transmission, self phase and cross phase modulation, soliton
pulse propagation.
MODULE 2
Modulation and demodulation- signal formats, direction detection receivers, coherent detection
test beds- Lambdanet, STARNET. Rainbow. Wavelength routing network. Optical layer in Network,
Node design. Networking design and operation, Routing wavelength assignment.
53
MODULE 3
Control and Management _ Network management function, configuration-performance- and fault
managements. Optical safely, Wavelength routing test beds- AON. NTTR, ONTC, MONET.
MODULE 4
Access network- Network architecture, HFC. FTTC. Optical Acces Network architecture,
deployment considerations- upgrading the transmission capacity- SDM, TDM, WDM, Application
areas -inter exchange, undersea, local exchange networks Packaging and cabling of Photonics
componets - Photonic packet switching, OTDM, multiplexing and demultiplexing, Optical logic
gates, Synchronization, broadcast OTDM.
network. OTDM testbeds.
REFERENCES
I. Optical Networks - A Practical applications - R Ramaswami and K N Sivarajan - Marcourt
Asia (2000)
Photonic switching technology - H T Mouftah, J M H Elmirghani - IEE Press (1999)
Deploying Optical Networking components - Oil Held, McCraw Hill (2001)
4. Optical Interconnection-C Tocci, HI Caulfield, Artech House (1999)
CEL 2E 13 BIO-PHOTONICS
Topics for reading: Fundamentals of light as matter, basics of biology, fundamentals of light
matter interactions, lasers, laser technology, nonlinear optics (introduction to bio-photonics by
PN Prasad , Chapter 1 — 6).
MODULE 1
Photobiology; interaction of light with cells with cells and tissues, Photo-process in Biopolymershuman eve and vision, Photosynthesis; Photo-excitation — free space propagation, optical fibre
delivery system, articulated arm delivery, hollow tube wave-guides.
Optical coherence Tomogaphy, Fluorescence, resonance energy transfer imaging.
MODULE 2
Bio-imaging: Transmission microscopy, Kohler illumination, microscopy based on phase contrast,
dark-field and differential interference contrast microscopy, Florescence, confocal and multiphoton microscopy.
Optical Biosensors: Florescence and energy transfer sensing, molecular beacons and optical
geometries of bio-sensing, Biosensors based on fibre optics, planer waveguides, Flow Cytometry:
basis, flurochromes for flow cytometry, DNA analysis.
MODULE 3
Laser activated therapy; Photodynamic therapy, photo-sensitizers for photodynamic therapy,
applications of photodynamic therapy, two photon photodynamic therapy. Tissue engineering
using light; contouring and restructuring of tissues using laser, laser tissue regeneration, femtosecond laser surgery.
54
MODULE 4
Laser tweezers and laser scissors: design of Laser tweezers and laser scissors, optical trapping
using non Guassian optical beam, manipulation of single DNA molecules, molecular motors,
laser for Genomics and Proteomics, semi conductor Quantum dots for bio imaging, Metallic
nano-particles and nano-rods for bio-sensing, Photonics and biomaterials: bacteria as bio-synthezers
for photonics polymers.
REFERENCES
Introduction to bio-photonics — P.N. Prasad Wiley Interscience (2003) (Text)
Biomedical Photonics — A handbook — T.Vo Dinh (CRC Press) (2002)
Optical Imaging Techniques in Cell Biology — Guy Fox, Taylor & Francis Group, C.R.C(2007).
An Introduction to Biomedical Optics- R. Splinter & B.A. Hooper, Taylor & Francis Group,
C.R.C(2007).
CEL 2E 14 NANOPHOTONICS
MODULE I
Foundations for Nanophotonics.
Confinement of Photons and Electrons, Propagation Through a Classically Forbidden
Zone:Tunneling, Localization Under a Periodic Potential: Bandgap, Cooperative Effects for
Photons and Electrons , Nanoscale Optical Interactions, Nanoscale Confinement of Electronic
Interactions, Quantum Confinement Effects, Nanoscale Electronic Energy Transfer.
Near-Field Interaction and Microscopy : Near-Field Optics, Modeling of Near-Field Nanoscopic
Interactions, Nanoscale Enhancement of Optical Interactions , Time- and Space-Resolved Studies
of Nanoscale Dynamics.
MODULE 2
Quantum-Confined Materials : Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, Quantum Dots Quantum Rings,
Manifes,tations of Quantum Confinement , Optical Properties , Quantum-Confined Stark Effect,
Dielectric Confinement Effect, Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, Quantum-Confined Structures as
Lasing Media, Metallic nanostructures and their applications.
Growth Methods for Nanomaterials, Epitaxial Growth, Laser-Assisted Vapor Deposition (LAVD).
MODULE 3
Characterization of Nanomaterials, X-Ray Characterization, Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Nanostructured Molecular Architectures :Noncovalent Interactions, Nanostructured Polymeric
Media, Molecular Machines, Dendrimers, Supramolecular Structures.
Photonic Crystals : Basics Concepts, Methods of Fabrication, Photonic Crystal Optical Circuitry,
Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF).
55
MODULE 4
Nanocomposites: Nanocomposite Waveguides, Random Lasers, Nanocomposites for
Optoelectronics.
Nanolithography, Nanoimprint Lithography.
Bio Nanophotonics and nanomedicine : Photonic materials of biological origin, Nanoparticles
for Optical Diagnostics.
Biosensing, Nanoclinics for Optical Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy.
REFERENCES
Nanophotonics : P N Prasad, Wiley Interscience ( 2003) ( TEXT).
Biophotonics: P N Prasad, Wiley Publications ( 2004).
3.
Nanophotonics, Heve Rigneault, ISTE ( 2006).
CEL 2E15 ADVANCED LASER SYSTEMS
MODULE I
Gas lasers: General principle of population inversion in gas laser excitation and depopulation
mechanisms-pulsed and continuous wave lasers-collision lasers. Helium Neon gas laser-energy
levels-energy transfer-excitation methods- fabrication details-operating characteristics. He-Cd
lasers-laser structure-excitation mechanism.
Molocular gas lasers: Discharge in molecular CO2 - inversion mechanisms- CO2 laser modesCW and pulsed CO2 lasers-power supply of CO2 lasers-laser amplifier-TEA CO2 lasers-Nitrogen
laser-pumping method-emission characteristics-pulsed N2 laser design. Far IR gas lasers-laser
structure and excitation mechanisms.
MODULE II
Ion laser: Argon ion energy levels - excitation mechanisms-fabrication of argon ion lasers-uv
emission-Excimer and metal vapour rare gas dimers-electronic structure-rare gas excimer-energy
level diagram - excimer decay mechanism - xenon halide and krypton halide lasers-excitation
mechanisms - efficiency — physics of metal vapour laser-copper vapour laser-fabrication details.
MODULE III
Solid state lasers: properties of solid state laser materials — fluorescence emission in solids - Ruby
Nd. YAG, Nd: Glass lasers - laser energy levels — pumping sources and cavity configurations power supply - CW and pulsed operation - General ideas of the following: Tunable solid state
lasers-Ti-sapphire and Alexandrite lasers-fiber lasers-diode pumped solid state lasers-color center
lasers.
MODULE IV
Semiconductor lasers: Population inversion-threshold condition-Ga As diode laser-emission
characteristics-hetero junction laser-tunable diode lasers- tuning methods-quantum well structurehigh power semiconductor diode lasers- frequency control of laser output-distributed feed back
lasers-cleaved coupled cavity laser, surface emitting lasers, mode locking of semiconductor lasers,
large wavelength semiconductor lasers.
56
MODULE V
Dye laser: Spectroscopy of organic ayes-fluorescence and phosphorescence- optical pumpingincoherent and coherent pumping-threshold condition-rate equation-cw and pulsed dye lasersturning mechanism-dye laser line width-ring dye laser-General ideas of the following lasers:
Spin flip Raman laser-Free electron laser, plasma recombination laser-OPO based laser systemX-ray lasers and chemical lasers.
REFERENCES
Solid State Laser Engineering - W. Koechener (Springer Verlag)
Dye Laser - Schaffer (Springer Verlag)
Quantum Electronics - A. Yariv (John Wiley)
Laser Physics - Tarasov (Mir Publishers)
Semiconductor optoelectronic Devices-Pallab Bhattacharya, (Prentice Hall India).
Lasers: Principles and Applications-J.F.B.Hawkes, Wilson. (Prentice Hall)
Lasers-Peter-W Miloni and Joseph H Eberly
Laser Fundamentals-William T.Silfast (Cambridge University Press)
SEMESTER X
CEL 2X011 PROJECT
57

Five year integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics

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