Autumn Color in Connecticut - Photograph America Newsletter
Transcription
Autumn Color in Connecticut - Photograph America Newsletter
125 ™ January 2013 Where, when, and how to discover the best photography in America Published since 1989 Autumn Color in Connecticut Northern New England is the first place most photographers think of when fall foliage season approaches. Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine are favorite autumn color destinations. After the foliage passes its peak of color and brown leaves are falling in the northern New England states, the autumn season moves south through Massachusetts. In the state of Connecticut, the best fall color arrives later in mid-October and can last until early November. In the southern parts of Connecticut, harbor scenes and lighthouses on Long Island Sound can be photographed with fall foliage backgrounds. Add Connecticut to your list of locations for fall foliage photo trips. issue 125 - page 2 onnecticut’s websites feature fall foliage C maps with designated driving tours looping Bigelow Hollow State Park Bigelow Hollow State Park, in northeastern Connecticut, is on the west side of Mashspaug Pond. Nipmuck State Forest is on the east side of the pond and Massachusetts is on the north side. Forty thousand acres of evergreen forests make this the largest unbroken forest in southern New England. Enfield Bigelow Campbell Falls No cabins or piers can be seen from Hollow Tunxis State Park State Park State Suffield the south end of Mashapoug. The Peoples Forest Stafford Springs State Forest Shenipsit entrance into Bigelow Hollow is on State Forest Cornwall Bridge Route 171, eight miles west of North Hartford Woodstock. Watch for a sign marking Kent Falls the entrance, and drive one mile north Macedonia Brook State Park to the end of the park road at the boat Bulls Bridge launch ramp where a short trail leads to the edge of the pond. Mashapoug Stonington Pond is surrounded by pines, spruce, Mystic Seaport Danbury and countless red and yellow maples. Mid-October is the perfect time to Devil’s Den Bluff Point Preserve photograph reflections of autumn Coastal Reserve d n color at this park (below). u o nd S Long Isla Connecticut Rhode Island New York through several scenic parts of this state. At the peak of autumn color, these routes can become traffic jams. Avoid most of these bus tour routes by concentrating on state parks and forest preserves. This newsletter describes a photo exploration starting in Boston, traveling west across the northern edge of Connecticut, and then heading south to follow the shoreline Massachusetts places to avoid during the autumn hunting season of October through December, if you plan to hike in the woods. back toward Boston–a ten-day photo trip. By staying off the freeways and driving only back roads (the narrow lines on most maps), my pace slowed and the photography improved. I started my photo exploration by flying into Boston. I picked up a rental car, drove through the Ted Williams Tunnel, and headed south on Highway 3 toward Connecticut, a one-hour drive. After a night in the small town of Putnam, Connecticut, and a breakfast in a roadside diner, I drove ten miles west through the villages of South Woodstock, Woodstock, East Woodstock, and North Woodstock on my way to the first state park on my list. Some of the dark green areas shown on road maps of northern Connecticut are not state parks; they are wildlife management areas, The name “Mashapaug” is the Nipmuck tribe’s word for Great Pond. Connecticut’s name comes from the Mohican word (Quinnehtukqut), which means “beside the long tidal river.” Connecticut uses many long Native American names for their parks and forest reserves, like Tunxis, Wangumbaug, and Shenipsit State Forests. issue 125 - page 3 Stafford Springs One of the more interesting small towns in northern Connecticut is Stafford Springs. Ten miles west of Bigelow State Park, it lies at the junction of two river valleys. The Middle River flows through the village of Stafford Springs and joins the Willimantic River in the center of town. spillway. Hyde Park is behind the Stafford Springs Library along the edge of the Middle River, where you’ll find more color reflecting in the stream. Smaller water scenes, like cascades or waterfalls, are usually too contrasty under direct sunlight. A solidly overcast sky usually provides the best illumination, unless you want to wait for a cloud to cross the sun. Sometimes the best exposures are captured on the edge of a cloud shadow when the light is not too direct and not too flat. Watch as the lighting changes on your subject. Don’t look into the sun. Leaving Stafford Springs by heading north on Furnace Avenue takes you to Route 319 and east through Stafford and then Staffordville and past the sandy beach at Staffordville Reservoir. Drive north up the east side of this lake for views of a long From the cross roads in the middle of town, line of summer cottage reflections across the drive north on Furnace Avenue for two blocks lake. Continue north into Massachusetts or until you see the falls return to Staffordsville and dropping over the edge of head southeast on Bradway a dam on Furnace Brook. Road that follows small Abandoned textile mills streams with many photo line Furnace Avenue, along possibilities as it makes a the edge of the pond. I large loop through the hills photographed the falls of Nipmuck State Forest on (above) from the sidewalk. the way back to Route 190. On the far side of Furnace Most of these back roads Brook, yellow maples have no shoulders. It can reflected in the quiet pool be difficult to find places above the falls. to safely pull your car off Just west of the confluence, the pavement. Traveling a small bridge crosses the alone, most of your Middle River. From the photography will be done middle of the bridge, you near places where you can can photograph a church park your car. Traveling steeple to the east and the with another driver, stop old library to the south. on the pavement, traffic permitting, hop out and let At the west end of this your driver keep going to village, Route 140 leaves find a place to turn around Route 190 and heads south and return to pick you up. to cross the Middle River. With cell phones or radio communication, you Pull off the road just before the bridge to photograph autumn color reflecting in a pond can let your driver know when you are ready to where the Middle River drops over a wide be picked up. issue 125 - page 4 North side of Shenipsit State Forest Four miles east of Somers, on Route 190, is a sign marking the junction with Old Springfield Road. Four miles north of Route 190, Old Springfield Road makes a sharp bend to the west and Gilbert Road continues north. At this junction, pull off onto the wide space on the right and look to the east, where a locked metal gate blocks a narrow farm road lined with two rows of maples (below). I shot over the gate and framed this rural scene as mid-morning autumn sunlight backlit the lane. My 24-120 mm zoom was set at 70 mm. Shenipsit State Forest Seven miles west of Stafford Springs and four miles south of the Massachusetts state line is the small town of Somers, Connecticut, on Route 190. At the stoplight in the middle of Somers, head south on Route 83 for two miles, while watching for the sign marking the left turn onto Parker Road. In less than a mile, the pavement ends. If the gate is open, keep going up Parker Road as it climbs the slopes of Soapstone Mountain (above). You won’t need a 4x4 for these roads. Afternoon light here lights up a forest of red oak. One mile east of Somers on Route 190, take Gulf Road south into the Shenipsit State Forest. Watch for the sign on the west side of Gulf Road marking another unpaved road up the east side of Soapstone Mountain, an easy, gradual drive to the top. At 1,075 feet, this summit has a tall observation tower for views of distant forests stretching toward the northwest across the Connecticut River Valley and north into Massachusetts. Soapstone was one of the few northern Connecticut mountaintops where the peak of autumn color had already passed. The foliage across the tops of hardwood forests is the first to drop in the autumn, a week or so before the rest of the leaves. Bare treetops look gray from a distance. Try to arrive before all the autumn color has blown off the tops of these forests if you are looking for panoramic views from mountain overlooks. Most, but not all, of Connecticut was at the peak of autumn color during the last week-and-a-half of October. One mile north on Gilbert Road is the Massachusetts state line. Turn around and head south by following any of the narrow mountain roads, you’ll find on your map. You will eventually reach Route 190 and you will probably discover more autumn color along the way. An overnight stop Five miles west of Shenipsit State Forest are the developed areas of Thompsonville and Enfield on Route 190. At this point, you are 27 miles west of Bigelow Hollow State Park, a halfmile east of the Connecticut River and halfway across the state of Connecticut. Here you will find motels, restaurants and several miles of shopping malls along Route 190–all the services you’ll need for two to four days as you explore historic villages and photograph autumn color on the northern edge of Connecticut. Route 190 crosses one of the few bridges over the Connecticut River, then jogs north for a halfmile and then west, ending at Route 75. Follow issue 125 - page 5 Route 75 south for one mile into the historic village of Suffield, where you’ll find a long and wide, tree-lined avenue of beautifully restored Colonial homes dating back to the beginning of this country. Park off the highway in the center of the village and walk the sidewalks to photograph historic homes and neighborhoods in morning or late afternoon light (below). Four miles south of Suffield is the industrial center called Windsor Locks, where Bradley International Airport (BDL) handles 1,800 scheduled flights a week by twenty-seven major airlines. To avoid the long drive from Boston’s Logan Airport or the busy New York Airports when you travel to Connecticut, fly in and out of Bradley International. All the major rental car agencies serve this airport. In this part of Connecticut, the fast and scenic Route 20 heads west from Bradley International Airport through the villages of East Granby, Granby, and West Granby then heads north to the Massachusetts line to loop around the northern tip of Barkhamsted Reservoir. Surrounding the northern tip of Barkhamsted Reservoir is Tunxis State Forest where the fall foliage was at its peak color on the day I arrived. (The “x” in Tunxis is pronounced like a “z.”) The weather was perfect and the sky was dotted with small clouds. The few roads through this 9,000-acre forest had no leaf-peeper traffic on the most colorful autumn weekend in mid-October. This state forest is crisscrossed with hiking trails and unpaved roads leading to campgrounds. Peoples State Forest Route 20 heads south along the long and narrow Barkhamsted Reservoir then forks in the village of Hartland. Route 181 continues south, around the east side of Peoples State Forest. Route 20 circles the west side of Peoples State Forest. At Riverton, leave Route 20 and continue south, along the West Branch of the Farmington River. The wide parking spaces along the river are for fishermen but are used mainly by photographers in the autumn when forests on both sides of the river are yellow and red. The unpaved roads through the heart of the Peoples State Park were also traffic free. Four miles southwest of Riverton, is the fascinating town of Winsted, Connecticut, settled in 1750 at the confluence of the Still River and the Mad River. It was one of the first mill towns in Connecticut. Here the Gilbert Clock Company was the World’s largest manufacturer of clocks in 1900. After hurricane-caused floods on the Mad River wiped out most of the industry. West Main Street has been restored and the business district appears to be thriving. Park at the town square and photograph historic homes, churches and businesses framed by the small forest of maple trees that will be all yellow, orange, and red in mid-October (below). issue 125 - page 6 Drive west from Winsted on Route 44 for three miles, then bear left onto Danbury Quarter Road for another three miles to a spot marked as Grantville on the map. Just after passing School House Road, Beckley Pond Brook flows beneath Danbury Quarter Road. There’s room to park just past the bridge. Shoot upstream for an interesting vertical stream image lined with autumn foliage. When this narrow back road reaches Route 272 (Litchfield Road), turn right and head north to the village of Norfolk. need bright sunshine, preferably morning or afternoon light. A sky with a few scattered cumulus clouds adds more interest. Smaller water scenes like cascades or waterfalls are usually too contrasty under direct sunlight. Overcast sky works best. Wait for a cloud to cross the sun. While driving across northern Connecticut during the peak of autumn color season, I was struck by the amount of intense color covering whole mountainsides in some places. A few miles down the road, were gray forests denuded of all foliage. Some mountaintops were bare and others covered with autumn’s colors. Some of the brightest and most colorful trees stand in the front yards of the largest rural homes and estates. Norfolk has a beautiful, white Congregational church with a tall steeple that is framed by tall maples in the village green across the street. Walk one block north on Route 44 to the Norfolk Historic District. Here you’ll find some interesting restaurants. Leave Norfolk on Route 44 west. In a half mile, Route 272 continues straight ahead. A quarter mile beyond the fork in the road is a sign on Route 272 marking the left turn into Haystack Mountain State Park. The one-mile road to the trailhead passes a small pond that reflects a lot of color in the fall. A one-mile trail climbs the rest of the way to the summit where a 34-foot high stone observation tower stands at 1716 feet. At the top, on a clear day, you can see Long Island Sound to the south and the Green Mountains of Vermont to the north. Panoramic landscapes Campbell Falls State Park Back on Route 272, it’s three miles north to Tobey Hill Road where a left turn will take you to the entrance into Campbell Falls State Park. Park in the small lot and follow the yellow blazes on the trail leading south that takes a gradual drop through a hardwood forest that was beautiful in mid-October. In ten minutes, the trail becomes steeper and drops into a darker forest where I spotted a dozing barred owl perching on a branch. These nocturnal birds have a dark-brown pattern of bars on a white coat of feathers and no ear tufts. Barred owls are common in northeastern forests. Their range extends from southern swamps to northern Canada and west into California. issue 125 - page 7 At a tall granite marker on the Massachusetts/ Connecticut boundary line, bear left. In a hundred feet, you’ll see a wooden sign marking the yellow-blazed trail that drops to the foot of Campbell Falls where the Whiting River falls 62 feet in three drops to a pool at the bottom. This waterfall was worth the hike in October. When spring rains or melting snow is flowing, the falls should be spectacular. The Whiting River rushes out of the state of Massachusetts and tumbles into Connecticut. Like most waterfalls, this one is best photographed on an overcast day. At the bottom, small cascades pour over a rocky streambed and make a dramatic foreground for wide-angle photos of the falls. The climb back from the bottom of the Campbell Falls is steep but short–a fifteen-minute walk. Back on Route 272, head south to Route 44 and then west to the Historic town of Canaan, that’s worth a stop and a walk through. Continue west on Route 44 to Lakeville where you’ll head south on Route 44 through Sharon, CT. Just before Route 44 crosses the state line and enters New York, turn east onto Lambert Road. In two miles, the pavement ends and the unpaved road bends southward then climbs through a colorful forest of maples. Late in the afternoon, I made several stops to photograph orange and yellow forests lining the winding Lambert Road. At the first cross road junction, continue straight ahead onto the pavement. This road becomes Keeler Road and heads south to follow Macedonia Brook for five miles through heavily wooded Macedonia Brook State Park. Macedonia Brook State Park This stream drops over many small cascades while flowing through a forest painted with autumn color. There are many places to stop and park as you follow Macedonia Brook. Several trails leave the parking lots, climbing to high overlooks on the west side of the park and to the Appalachian Trail that follows the Housatonic River on the east side of the Park. Campsites and picnic grounds line this road. In mid-October, camping season is over and the photographers show up. Drive slowly and watch for patches of color near cascades in the stream. A cloudy day helps to reduce the extreme contrast of direct sunlight on white water cascading over dark stones framed by yellow foliage. Macedonia Brook was my favorite state park. The color was perfect. It took a whole day to drive this five-mile stretch of road. In the middle of the day, under an overhead sun, I spread out my picnic lunch on a flat rock on the edge of the brook while I studied more tripod locations. To photograph long stretches of cascades coming straight toward my camera, I set my tripod in the stream. To frame head-on images of distant cascades, I used a telephoto lens and a small aperture to increase my depth-of-field, giving me a sharp image from front to back. With a low ISO number, my exposure times were long enough to produce a softer, smoother flow of water over the stones. For some images, I used a neutral density filter, dark enough to require 3-4 stops more exposure, extending my exposure times to tenseconds or more for a very soft effect (useful if you like the angel-hair effect). issue 125 - page 8 With these long exposures, a tripod is always are still in that guidebook looking like they did necessary, especially if you want to bracket the day I saved them. your exposures for HDR processing to control your lighting range. Try shooting a comparison test using single exposures with overcast lighting and multiple bracketed exposures in direct sunlight. Sometimes I prefer the richer, smoother colors shooting under the diffused light of a cloudy day and sometimes I like the snappy, sharp lighting with sunny conditions. The road through Macedonia Brook State Park ends at a crossroads, called Macedonia on the map. Bear east onto Route 341. Drive two miles and you’ll reach another fascinating village called Kent, where you’ll find a photogenic old railroad station at the north end of town (above). There are several tight bends on Macedonia Brook where the stream crashes over stacked layers of flat stones and smooth boulders. The action becomes dramatic when you can move in tight with a wide-angle lens. With my tripod legs collapsed and spread, and some deep-knee bending, I lowered my camera almost to water level. With a 10 mm lens, the bottom half of my viewfinder was filled with the whole cascading stream while the top half of my viewfinder is solidly filled, corner-to-corner, with a bright red and yellow forest. With a loupe, I check every exposure, making the necessary corrections and sometimes shooting dozens of variations. When I shoot bracketed exposures for HDR processing, I shoot one extra frame with 3 or 5 fingers raised to remind me to treat those images differently. When I shoot multiple panoramic images to be stitched together later, I shoot one extra frame of my hand with one finger pointed horizontally. When I shoot autumn foliage on trees I can’t identify, I pick up a sample and slip it into my tree guidebook for later identification. Those leaves, some 25 years old, The Cornwall Covered Bridge A long covered bridge (below) is located eight miles north of Kent. It was built in 1864 and is one of three covered bridges still standing in Connecticut. A concrete support in the middle of the Housatonic River holds up this 242foot town lattice truss bridge. Pedestrians and bikes have the right-of-way on the bridge. Cell phone photographers usually moved out of my way when I set up a serious-looking digital SLR camera on a tripod. I moved in close and low to shoot the sunny side of this bridge with a wide-angle lens. Include a blue sky to contrast with the red bridge and an interesting pattern of clouds, if possible. issue 125 - page 9 Four miles south of Kent on Route 7, Bulls Bridge (1842) crosses the Housatonic River. This single span is 109-feet long and is still used today. Photographers should park in the lot near Route 7 and walk across the bridge. Inside the bridge, you can see the structure called town lattice and queen post truss. Depending on the background foliage color, the lighting conditions, and the time of day, photograph this bridge from either end or walk down to the river’s edge for a low angle image. Look upstream for some dramatic waterfall action over a spillway on the river. Devil’s Den Preserve By the third week of October, autumn had spread across Connecticut, down to Long Island Sound, where I was driving back roads in southwestern Connecticut between the city of Danbury and the coast, looking for places to photograph more color. Three miles south of Bulls Bridge is the village of Gaylordsville, Connecticut. Watch for the right turn onto Route 55 to the village of Sherman. Bear left in one mile onto Route 39 where you will find some farm scenes with red barns, silos, split rail fences and some large red maples. Two miles south of Gaylordsville on Route 39, at the junction with Anderson Road is a large red barn next to a maple that was in full mid-October color when I arrived. Southwest Connecticut is densely populated and it can be difficult to find public hiking trails into these woods. When I spotted a Nature Conservancy sign along the road south of Danbury, I had to check it out. I found Devil’s Den Preserve (above), the largest contiguous nature preserve in southwestern Connecticut, with 1,756 acres of woodlands, wetlands, streams, rock ledges and rugged north-south ridges. One mile farther south of the village of Sherman on Route 39 is a large cluster of barns, silos, and farmhouses. The Happy Acres Farm (above) is at the junction of Route 39 and Tabor Road. Turn right and drive up the hill to find a wide place to park for a view looking back toward this dairy farm. Move up close with a wideangle lens to use the wooden fence as a line leading toward the barns. Late afternoon light should be perfect here. Traveling east or west on Connecticut’s Interstate 15, take exit 42 and head north on Route 57 for three miles to Weston. One mile north of Weston, Connecticut, bear right onto Route 53 for two miles then turn left onto Godfrey Road West. Watch for a narrow country lane called Pent Road leading north to the marked gate at the entrance into the Nature Conservancy Preserve at Devil’s Den. Trails through the Devil’s Den Preserve are open to the public from dawn to dusk. Drive to the trailhead parking lot at the end of Pent Road where a large map shows a dozen trails heading into the preserve. Trailside signs issue 125 - page 10 warn hikers to stay on the trail because of deer ticks in the area. The home of Lyme disease is only a few miles from here. On the trails, my 24-120 mm zoom lens was perfect for photographing the forests of maple. Set at 120 mm, I could isolate small details in the woods (above). With the 24 mm wide-angle setting, I filled my viewfinder with meandering streams leading into the woods. Trail junctions at Devil’s Den are marked with numbered posts that correspond to numbers on the free maps you’ll find in a box at the trailhead. These numbered posts also have yellow directional signs, which point toward the shortest route back to the parking lot at Pent Road. It’s easy to get lost here. Be sure to take a map. If the map box is empty, photograph the large map to refer to along the trails. Most of the trails lead to the north, making large loops into the Saugetuck River watershed, following streams through deep forests and winding along ridgelines for scenic overlooks of the surrounding countryside. The Great Ledge is a high rock formation with a spectacular view. Ambler Gorge is a picturesque ravine with a stream cascading into Godfrey Pond. The Saugatuck Wildlife Refuge is an extensive shrubby marsh along the West Branch of the Saugatuck River. On the Coast After driving back roads and city streets eastward, along the coast, from the New York state line to the Connecticut River, I can tell you that southwestern Connecticut is too developed to be included on any photo trip. Along the southeastern corner of the state, Bluff Point Coastal Reserve, near Groton, Connecticut, is the largest remaining portion of untouched land along the Connecticut coastline. Three miles east of Groton on Route 1, turn south onto Depot Road and drive to the trailhead parking lot at the end of the road. I found some excellent autumn color along the easy 3.5-mile trail out to the rocky point. This is a good spot to photograph sunsets. Back on Route 1, drive four miles east to Mystic, Connecticut, a fascinating little harbor town. Route 1 passes through the center of Mystic, then crosses an old drawbridge. Tall masts are visible to the north and south along the Mystic River. I drove north along the river by turning left onto Holmes Street, the first street east of the drawbridge. One block north is a small harbor where I found some interesting sailing vessels and small dories. I photographed this scene from the water’s edge, then I walked back across the drawbridge, through the town, and north along the west side of the Mystic River to photograph the same scene, with different lighting and different perspective, from the other side of the river with a 300 mm telephoto. Looking north, a mile up the Mystic River, were the masts of much larger sailing vessels. This was the scene I was looking for. issue 125 - page 11 Mystic Seaport is a 37-acre reproduction of a nineteenth-century New England seaport with 16 historic sailing vessels and more than sixty original historic buildings. Mystic Seaport was established in 1929 as one of the first living history museums in the U.S. At this nineteenthcentury seafaring village, fully-rigged fishing schooners and a square-rigged whaler, the Charles Morgan, date back to 1841. Currently undergoing restoration, this is the last existing wooden whaling ship in the world. You can walk the decks to photograph this antique while the shipwrights are working. There are a dozen floating examples of historic vessels and more in workshops and exhibit galleries scattered along several harbors on the edge of the river. Out near Lighthouse Point, the Joseph Conrad, a threemasted, iron-hull sailing ship dating back to 1882, is open to the public. I found many close-up details to photograph on the deck of this ship. The background across the river was covered with autumn foliage. A blacksmith shop and an authentic rope factory are fascinating subjects for photographers. Horse-drawn wagons on cobblestone streets through the village add to the atmosphere (above). Stonington Five miles east of Mystic, down in the southeast corner of Connecticut, a half-mile from Rhode Island, is the village of Stonington, established in 1649 by settlers from the Plymouth Colony. If you are interested in photographing Connecticut’s lighthouses, visit the Lighthouse Museum at #7 Water Street, near DuBois Beach at the end of Water Street. From here, it’s a short walk along tree-lined Water Street to photograph beautifully restored historic homes, like the 1772 home of Rev. John Rathbone at #87 Water Street. My 10 mm wide-angle lens captured the building and their neighbors from the middle of narrow Water Street (below). A wide-angle lens is useful for your travel photography. My 10 mm lens was used for all three photos on this page. An early cold snap or a long hot summer will change the fall foliage schedule. Search Internet hotline pages for upcoming foliage information. Some have interactive maps that change color when you click on calendar dates. Plan your trip to travel from north to south following the color. It starts in the Laurentians, north of Montreal in late September, and reaches Cloudland State Park in Georgia by mid-November. If you arrive too early or too late, just drive north or south a few hundred miles. I stayed in six different budget motels scattered across Connecticut. I made lodging reservations four months in advance. All the places where I stayed had vacant rooms. I didn’t need to make lodging reservations this late in the season, but I like to thoroughly plan my travels in advance. You may enjoy more freedom by following autumn color as it moves south. Four days in Danbury, down in the southwest corner of Connecticut, gave me time to explore the western edge of the state. Since it takes only 2-1/2 hours to drive across the whole width of Connecticut, you can stay almost anywhere there’s a town with a motel. I filled ten days with explorations of the northern edge of Connecticut and two days to drive Highway 1, along the edge of Long Island Sound. Have a great trip and send me an e-mail !! My life-long career in photography began at San Jose State University in 1957. After college, I enlisted in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, serving as a photographer and darkroom technician. In Germany, my skills and experience with equipment and lab work were developed and polished. I took the opportunity to photograph the beauty of nature in the Black Forest. Returning to California in 1965, I produced industrial and military training films for Raytheon Electronics and began showing my color nature prints. From 1969 through 1981, my photography was exhibited and sold in West Coast galleries. During the early 1980’s, I taught color darkroom workshops, then expanded to include field trips. Former customers, who had purchased my framed photographs, wanted to learn photography. My Pacific Image Photography Workshops offered adventures to the Pacific Coast, the Southwest deserts, national parks, Hawaii, New England, Canada, England, and the South Pacific. The workshops evolved into writing and sharing my adventures with others. Photograph America Newsletter provides information on where, when, and how to discover the best nature photography in North America. Photograph America Newsletter is published quarterly (four issues/year) by Robert Hitchman assisted by technical associate/wife, Katherine Post Office Box 86, Novato, CA 94948-0086 1-415-898-9677 www.photographamerica.com All contents of this newsletter copyright © 1989-2016 Robert Hitchman Please don’t make copies for your friends. This is a violation of Federal copyright laws. This newsletter survives on subscriptions.