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GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO
Kaichō Damien Martin
Published by:
Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre (Crux Australis Pty Ltd t/as)
2/54 Kingston Drive
HELENSVALE QLD 4212
Ph: +61-56656269
Fax: +61-7-56656268
Web: www.southerncrossmartialarts.com
Email:[email protected]
© Damien Martin 2011
V1
This book and the logo are copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the
purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under
the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission. All inquiries should be addressed to the publisher.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
VISION, MISSION & VALUES ........................................................................................ 3
DOJO KUN...................................................................................................................... 4
THE SPIRIT OF ‗OSU‘ .................................................................................................... 5
INSTRUCTOR PROFILES .............................................................................................. 7
REISHIKI – THE ETIQUETTE OF GŌKI-KAI ................................................................ 12
THE HISTORY OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO ................................................................. 18
GLOSSARY OF COMMON MARTIAL ARTS TERMS .................................................. 24
UNIFORMS ................................................................................................................... 30
AWARDS ...................................................................................................................... 32
KATA ........................................................................................................................... 35
THE EIGHT PRECEPTS OF THE FIST ........................................................................ 42
TRAINING APPARATUS .............................................................................................. 43
PHILOSOPHY ............................................................................................................... 50
RECOMMENDED READING ........................................................................................ 53
THE GRADING SYSTEM.............................................................................................. 54
10th KYU: WHITE BELT ................................................................................................ 59
9th KYU: YELLOW BELT ............................................................................................... 62
8th KYU: ORANGE BELT ............................................................................................... 66
7th KYU: PURPLE BELT................................................................................................ 70
6th KYU: BLUE BELT ..................................................................................................... 74
5th KYU: GREEN BELT ................................................................................................. 78
4th KYU: BROWN BELT ................................................................................................ 82
3rd KYU: BROWN BELT WITH BLACK BAR ................................................................. 84
2nd KYU: BROWN BELT WITH 2nd BLACK BAR ........................................................... 86
1st KYU: BROWN BELT WITH 3rd BLACK BAR ............................................................ 88
SHODAN ....................................................................................................................... 90
NIDAN ........................................................................................................................... 91
SANDAN ....................................................................................................................... 92
YONDAN ....................................................................................................................... 93
GODAN ......................................................................................................................... 94
ROKUDAN .................................................................................................................... 95
SHICHIDAN .................................................................................................................. 96
HACHIDAN ................................................................................................................... 97
KUDAN.......................................................................................................................... 98
JUDAN .......................................................................................................................... 99
APPENDIX A: STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT ........................................................ 100
APPENDIX B: TOURNAMENT TERMINOLOGY ........................................................ 103
APPENDIX C: TOURNAMENT FLAG GESTURES .................................................... 105
APPENDIX D: INFECTION CONTROL POLICY ......................................................... 115
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ 122
Gōki-Kai Karate-Do Student Handbook
INTRODUCTION
Gōki-Kai Karate-Do is a new form of progressive traditional martial arts which was founded
by Damien Martin in 2008. With its origins in both modern freestyle karate and traditional
Okinawan Karate, as well as a host of other influences, Gōki-Kai strives to set new
standards of excellence; provide long term physical, psychological and social benefits to
members; and maintain the positive traditions of the martial arts.
The Honbu Dojo of Gōki-Kai Karate-Do is the Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre, on
Queensland‘s Gold Coast. The Honbu Dojo is a culmination of almost 30 years of
development within the martial arts for the founder of Gōki-Kai Karate-Do, Kaichō Damien
Martin.
THE MEANING OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO
The kanji for Gōki 豪気 can be read a number of ways (not like in English) and whilst the
literal translation is ‗courageous heart‘ it can also be roughly translated as ‗Aussie Spirit‘.
Kai simply means ‗school‘ or ‗organisation‘ whilst Karate-Do means ‗empty handed way‘.
Therefore Gōki-Kai Karate-Do translates as both the Courageous Heart School of the
Empty Handed Way or the Aussie Spirit School of the Empty Handed Way.
We look at this duality in two ways. Firstly the Courageous Heart or indomitable spirit is
what we aim to achieve through hard training and ongoing development. Thus the,
Courageous Heart School.
The Aussie Spirit component is somewhat more complex. The Aussie Spirit is more
complex in nature. It is the concept of the ideal, a salute to the icon rather than the reality.
It is a longing for what should be rather than what is. The Aussie Spirit is the mythology of
the ANZAC, the spirit of mateship, of equality and of ‗having a go‘. The Aussie Spirit is
when you stand up for what you believe in, stand by your mates, support the underdog
and give everyone a ‗fair go‘. It was borne from the hardships of the early settlers, the
convict basis of our early population, the difficulties of the ‗bush‘, the hard work of the
miners and the pragmatism of the bushmen. It was forged in the hardships experienced in
Gallipoli, France, Belgium and Palestine. It has become a stereotype that has been seized
upon by racists, royalists and republicans alike. In the end, in my opinion, the Aussie Spirit
epitomises what we should be and what we should strive for. After all, that is one of the
goals of long term martial arts training – to improve one‘s self, and ones society. Thus, the
Aussie Spirit School of Self Defence.
And finally the suffix Do. Do, in the Japanese traditions (Tao or Dao in the Chinese) means
‗Way‘ and the term was applied to the martial arts during the Meiji Restoration in Japan in
the late 19th Century. Do, in this context, has come to mean a ‗warrior way to
enlightenment‘. Jutsu on the other hand means ‗Art‘. More importantly, in the martial arts
context it means a killing art or battle art. In keeping with the more modern traditions a self
defence based art like Gōki-Kai would commonly be called Gōki-Kai Karate-Jutsu. I
selected the term Karate-Do above Karate-Jutsu because I have come to learn that the Do
encompasses the Jutsu and that the Jutsu is only a fraction of the journey. Conversely, in
the past three decades, I have found that those who embrace the Jutsu too closely
become something that I don‘t want to associate with and that the Jutsu can destroy the
Do.
So here at Gōki-Kai Karate-Do we strive to develop responsible and effective self defence
skills and to develop a Courageous Heart. We foster an atmosphere promoting the Aussie
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Spirit in the Dojo and try to live our lives simply and honestly and give everyone a ‗fair go‘.
We aim to promote a world of mutual respect based on the warriors‘ code of Bushido:
honour, justice, courage, benevolence, loyalty, truth and sincerity, self-control and social
graces.
THE GŌKI-KAI LOGO
The Gōki-Kai logo incorporates a number of distinctly Australian
elements, along with some distinctly martial arts concepts. The
colours are red, white and blue, as in the Australian Flag, and
represent the Aussie Spirit. This is overlaid with the Southern Cross
constellation. The Southern Cross is the constellation of stars which
features on the Australian flag, as well as that of New Zealand,
Brazil, Samoa and Papua New Guinea.
To add to this, Kaichō Damien also had an ancestor at the Eureka Rebellion at Ballarat in
1854 and the Southern Cross features on the Eureka flag.
The logo also incorporates the three comma like objects that are reminiscent of the
Japanese mittsu tomoe and the spiral triskele design of the ancient Celts of Europe. The
spirals tie the heritage of the Dojo head (distinctly Celtic; Cornish / Irish / Scottish) to the
Eastern philosophies of his martial arts studies. On a practical level the three spirals
represent the aspects of the training developed in this Dojo - we train the mind, the body
and the indomitable spirit at the Courageous Heart School.
We swear by the Southern Cross to
stand truly by each other and fight to
defend our rights and liberties”
Eureka Oath 1854
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO
Seek
One of the underlying principles of this school is:
“Choosing not to follow in the footsteps of the old
masters but rather to seek what they sought”
Matsu Basho
Purpose
This Dojo also believes strongly in the principle of:
Karate ni sente nashi
There is no first attack in karate
Karate training is for defence only. It is not for fighting.
Spirit
The Dojo is a cooperative place for personal development.
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© Damien Martin
VISION, MISSION & VALUES
OUR VISION
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We will develop evidence based methodologies that ensure that our training is
ethical, practical, cost effective, tactically sound, legally defensible and have
minimum risk of injury to all parties involved whilst at the same time providing the
best possible self defence training.
We will continue to spread the message that no one should be a victim of violence.
We will provide the absolute best training possible.
We will never rest on our laurels and will always strive to learn more, be better and
overcome challenges so that we may better serve the community in which we live
OUR MISSION



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To provide research validated self defence training that meets the needs of our
students and provides them with the ability to deal with the effects of fear, defeat a
determined attacker and deal effectively with the legal system.
To provide a safe haven of positive energy and support for our student‘s mental and
physical growth.
To provide inspiration of personal excellence through our example as Black Belts
both in and out of the Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre.
To ensure the long term growth of the Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre and its
instructors by providing exemplary student service.
OUR VALUES


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
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We operate ethically
We treat our clients and ourselves with trust and respect
We communicate openly
We are accountable for our decisions, actions and behaviour
We value our expertise and share our knowledge
We value personal safety
We value community responsibility
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DOJO KUN
The Dojo Kun is the creed behind the training of the Gōki-Kai practitioner. It is as follows:
We are proud to study Martial Arts;
Following the path of Warrior;
We are training for strength together;
We intend to develop self-discipline to bring
out the best in ourselves and others;
We intend to use what we learn constructively
and defensively and never be abusive or
offensive.
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© Damien Martin
THE SPIRIT OF „OSU‟
“The term Osu refers to strength of character as developed in hard
training and is from the term osu no seishin. The word osu comes from
oshi shinobu, which means „to persevere whilst being pushed‟. It implies
a willingness to push oneself to the limits of endurance, to persevere
under any kind of pressure. At its most profound, the word becomes
ambiguous – a very personal plea to the soul to stand and fight, and so
overcome the frailties of the human condition which are common to
everyone”.
Adapted from Cameron Quinn, The Budo Karate of Mas Oyama p.60
A loud ―Osu‖ is heard often in the Dojo in modern times. The term was popularised by the
late Mas Oyama, the legendary founder of Kyokushin Karate. The term has become
generic and serves a variety of purposes. Osu is used as: a salutation; a greeting; a
response (positive) to a question and so on.
The kanji for Oshi Shinobu - ‗to
persevere whilst being pushed‘
In our Dojo the term is most commonly used when facing a
partner(s) for a partner drill, sparring or to begin or end a
class. Upon the command ―Rei‖ all students perform the
required bow and give a loud ―Osu‖ – reminding each other of
the spirit of perseverance.
The following is an excerpt from Cameron Quinn‘s book ‗The Budo Karate of Mas Oyama‘
published in 1987. This book is now out of print and the following is reproduced with the
kind permission of Shihan Quinn.
THE SPIRIT OF OSU
The single word ―Osu‖ captures most accurately the ultimate in what the art of karate,
particularly Kyokushin, has to offer. One who is truly able to manifest the spirit of Osu in
every word, thought and action may be regarded as wise and brave. Training should first
and foremost be approached in the spirit of Osu. One‘s daily life and the responsibilities it
holds would be more completely lived if addressed in the spirit of Osu. There would be no
doubts in the heart; no fears and no worries.
The Japanese spirit is one of perseverance. Whereas it is easy for the Westerner to stop
when things get tough, traditionally the Japanese knows only that they must persevere.
When one experiences pain in training, it should not be a signal to stop, but an opportunity
to mature through perseverance.
Even for the beginner who is conscious of his lack of ability and does not necessarily want
to face the demands of training, it is enough merely being aware that through
perseverance and the will to continue, there come great physical, mental, spiritual and
emotional gains. All that is needed is that special determination. No one tolerates for long
a person who gives up too easily. The instructor knows who tries and who doesn‘t.
Even if you have limitless natural talent, without effort, it is difficult to rise above mediocrity.
On the other hand, even if one lacks talent but is determined, progress will come through
steady application in training. With determination and the will to fight on, ones heart
becomes receptive and the instructor will go out of his way to help you as best he can.
There is no room for egotism or selfishness in the spirit of perseverance. When one
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doubles with pain, more often it is the ego that cringes, not the body. The resilience of the
body is truly amazing. Stories of superhuman endurance in times of selfless necessity are
numerous but if one allows the ego to be hurt, then the body will weaken rapidly and stop.
First overcome the weakness in your own heart and the opponent you face outwardly will
seem insignificant.
―One living daily in the Way carries his head low and his eyes high;
reserved in speech and possessing a kind heart, he steadfastly continues
in his training efforts‖
Mas Oyama
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© Damien Martin
INSTRUCTOR PROFILES
Damien Martin, Kaichō: Roku-dan
Damien is the Kaicho (Head of School) of Gōki-Kai Karate-Do
and the co-owner of the Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre.
Damien commenced martial arts training in February 1982 when
he commenced training in Judo at the now defunct Camperdown
Judo club in South-western Victoria. He eventually reached the
lofty heights of 4th kyu (Orange Belt) and won a silver medal in
the under 16, under 62kg division of the State Judo titles.
After two years of Judo training he began training in Zen Do Kai
in March 1984. He trained in both styles for about 6 months
before his Judo instructor told him he had to choose either Judo
or Karate – he chose Karate.
Damien began teaching Zen Do Kai in February 1987 and has
been a professional martial arts instructor since.
Damien is proud to call Kyoshi Bill (Billy) Manné, 8th Dan, his instructor in Zen Do Kai. Bill
is a stalwart of Zen Do Kai and has been a student of ‗the Chief‘ (Bob Jones) since the
days of the Goju Rebels.
Damien was based in South-western Victoria until 1995 when he moved to Queensland. At
3rd Dan he named his Clan within Zen Do Kai Barbarian Dojos. Aside from the
connotations of Conan the Barbarian (who featured on his Dojo Mon) and his barbarian
Celtic roots, this was somewhat of a joke and a play on words. The State Head for Victoria
at the time was Macedonian Greek and Damien had major differences of opinion,
standards and ethics to this person. Barbarian is a Greek word for ‗someone who lives on
the fringes and doesn‘t speak Greek (like the Celts of old). The irony was fitting so the Clan
became Barbarian Martin Dojos.
In 1995 Damien had Karate Dojo‘s in Ballarat,
Camperdown, Cobden, Colac, Surfers Paradise, Terang
and Warrnambool and Muay Thai Schools in Ballarat,
Camperdown, Terang and Warrnambool. This bush
based organisation boasted over 500 members and was
the envy of many senior instructors within Zen Do Kai.
Some of these students still train today. Sadly, the
politics of Zen Do Kai at the time saw most of these
schools break away and go under the Victorian Chief
instructor. Most died a slow death of neglect, with one
breaking away to form a new style called Adrenalin
Martial Arts. This Warrnambool based club is still going
strong. Today only the Cobden and Ballarat schools are
still open in Victoria and these are both Zen Do Kai
schools.
During his career as a martial arts teacher Damien has
achieved several awards and gained some recognition.
He was nominated for Brown Belt of the Year in 1987 as
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he was already running two Dojos, Terang and Timboon, before attaining black belt.
Damien received the Instructor of the Year and Bushido (‗way of the warrior‘) awards from
the (then) Victorian State Head, Kyoshi Billy Manné (then 6th Dan) in 1990 and in 1992 he
was awarded Black Belt of the Year (shown above with Kyoshi Manné). In both his
shodan-ho, sandan and yondan gradings Damien received the award for highest scores of
the day.
In June 2005 Damien was inducted into the Australasian Martial Arts Hall of Fame
(AMAHOF) for Outstanding Contributions to the Martial Arts.
Over the past two decades Damien has trained many, many students to black belt level,
dozens to 2nd Dan and six hold 3rd Dan rank and one is a 4th Dan. Add this to the number
of students and black belts his students have produced and Damien is rightfully proud of
his contribution to the development of martial arts in this country.
In addition to his karate students, Damien trained over fifty students to black singlet rank in
BJC Muay Thai with ten more reaching Grade 5/teacher rank and four reaching Grade
6/trainer rank. His schools produced a number of State and National Title holders in the
kickboxing arena in the 1990‘s. Damien no longer actively teaches Muay Thai but does
maintain close links with a number of Muay Thai stables and associations and holds a 6th
Khan rank in Black Dragon Kai Muay Thai.
Damien had some personal ring experience (Shootwrestling) with a fight record of 1 win
and 1 draw. He won the first Shootwrestling ring submission in Australia when he forced
his opponent to submit in the second round of his second fight.
Damien has been actively involved in women‘s self-defence program development for
decades. He has taught classes at a number of State and private secondary schools,
TAFE‘s and other educational facilities and taught unarmed combat to the personnel of 8/7
RVR (GRES) Warrnambool for Lt. Nigel Bailey in 1991.
Damien has developed and maintained an active interest in close quarters combat
techniques of all types and has sought out many of the finest instructors in Australia and
the World to further his skills. Whilst he is reasonably skilled in kobudo (Okinawan martial
arts weapons) he prefers to train with the more modern techniques of the knife, stick and
handgun. He has travelled to the US for training numerous times and completed training
programs at a number of internationally recognised schools. He has also attended
instructor training, and conducted control & restraint training, in the UK.
Damien achieved his 5th Degree Black Belt in Zen Do Kai on the 2nd of November 1997 in
Albury.
Damien‘s first Honbu (HQ) Dojo was located in Ballarat, Victoria and was called the
Academy of Martial Arts. Between 1993 and 1995 he taught classes at the (up to 5 per
day) and trained full contact fighters as well as taught BJC Shootwrestling in a seminar
environment nationally and choreographing BJC Shootwrestling sequences for the
Channel 10's Fighting Fit self defence segment. This segment featured Sensei Hannah
Thornton and Bob Jones and aired to 3 million viewers weekly.
Aside from being a martial arts instructor, Damien worked in the security industry for 18
years, doing everything from running nightclub doors to owning and operating a security
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© Damien Martin
company providing armed guard services. He ‗retired‘ from the industry in 2004 to
concentrate on the International College of Martial Arts.
Damien is a licensed firearms instructor and
instructor trainer as well as being a PPCT (Pressure
Point Control Tactics) instructor trainer. PPCT is the
largest law enforcement training system in the world
and is actively involved in the training of Police,
Corrections, Security, Military and Special Forces
personnel around the world. The main strength of
the PPCT methodology is that all of the techniques
are tactically, medically and legally sound. That is to
say they work under pressure, they don‘t cause
undue harm and they can be defended in court!
These principles are also central to the curriculum of
Gōki-Kai.
Damien also founded the International College of Martial Arts. This college teaches
instructor courses to students from all around the world and is approved for students
visa‘s, traineeships and Austudy. Damien is very proud in his role of setting up this ground
breaking organisation, which he left in 2008 to set up the Southern Cross Martial Arts
Centre.
He was also instrumental in the development of the Aggressive Behaviour Management
program for the Queensland Health Department. This program will be delivered to all
65,000 Queensland Health employees and covers a full range of skills – from preventing
aggression to verbal de-escalation, self defence techniques, restraints and finally team
restraints using specially developed equipment and tactics.
Damien says he has been lucky enough to have a number of high ranking martial artists
and instructors from around Australia as his friends and consider himself to be especially
blessed as a result. He continues to avidly study martial arts and is always studying,
researching and training (maybe not as much hard training as he used to). Damien also
firmly believes that the Australian martial arts community is as good (and in many ways
better) as anywhere in the world.
Damien was promoted to 6th Dan in Zen Do Kai in January 2004 and won the ISKA Over
35 Black Belt Full Contact Karate Australasian Title in June the same year.
In 2010 he fulfilled a lifelong ambition and travelled to Okinawa, the birthplace of Karate,
with Shihan Hannah to train at the famous Jundokan.
In 2011 he achieved his 5th Dan in Goju Ryu Karate under the auspices of Kyoshi Greg
Merigan and his 6th Khan in Muay Thai under the auspices of Ajarn Geordie LaversMcBain.
Currently Damien is doing pioneering work as an occupational violence prevention
consultant, a role which continues to see him travel around the world training and advising
organisations in the prevention and control of interpersonal violence.
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Hannah Thornton, Shihan: Yondan
Hannah commenced training in January 1992 at the Warrnambool club run by (then) Dai
Sempai Damien Martin. On Hannah‘s first class Dai Sempai (her then boyfriend) ran a
‗suicide‘ class so discourage her from training, it had the opposite effect.
Hannah immediately took up both Zen Do Kai and BJC Muay Thai, training in both classes
five nights a week.
Hannah reached her Grade 4 (Instructor) rank in BJC Muay Thai in December of 1992 and
her Shodan-Ho in Zen Do Kai in July 1993, at the inaugural ‗Barbarian‘ Senjo. Hannah
was a ‗Jet Black‘ and zoomed through the ranks earlier in her training attaining her Grade
6 (trainer) rank in BJC Muay Thai in October 1994 and her Ni-dan in December 1994.
Despite the overall lack of success of the ‗Jet Black‘ concept, Hannah
is rightly proud of her achievements and attributes this to the fact that
she trained hard and often whilst coming up through the ranks. As the
assistant instructor at the Academy of Martial Arts in Ballarat
(Victoria) she trained fighters for full-contact ring karate and Muay
Thai Kickboxing. She attained her black belt in BJC Shootwrestling
in this period. Hannah instructed the Zen Do Kai, Muay Thai,
Shootwrestling and Kidz Karate (children‘s classes) classes. This
involved teaching up to five classes a day, five days a week for three
years.
Hannah has extensive security industry experience (over 17 years of
‗hands on‘ experience) and has proven her technique numerous
times where it really counts. Hannah is renown as an exemplary
technician, an excellent teacher and as being a strong martial artist
in her own right. Hannah also teaches defensive tactics and
aggressive behaviour management. She has a Certificate IV in
Security & Risk Management and a Certificate IV in Operational
Safety Training.
In 1993 Hannah spent six months as the co-instructor of the women‘s self defence
segment on Channel Ten‘s ‗Good Morning Australia program. The other instructor was
none other than Soké Bob Jones. Hannah, looking glamorous in a variety of sponsored
leotards spent three minutes a week beating the Chief up in front of three million viewers
(well, he did let her).
Hannah recently left her full time job in security and went to work as a violence prevention
consultant with Queensland Health for nine months, before becoming a full time violence
prevention consultant and martial arts instructor as a co-owner of the Southern Cross
Martial Arts Centre. Since that time Hannah has had the pleasure of training in the UK and
at the Jundokan in Okinawa.
Hannah was awarded her 4th Dan in Goju Ryu Karate by Kyoshi Greg Merigan in 2011,
and she was also recognised and promoted to the title of Shihan, which means ―teacher of
teachers‖
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© Damien Martin
John Trebilco, Renshi: Yondan
Sensei John Trebilco began his martial arts training in 1994 while he
was in high school in New Zealand. He moved to the Gold Coast in
2001 after obtaining his Shodan. He immediately began training with
Kaichō Damien at the Zen Do Kai Dojo at the Monaco Street PCYC
in Broadbeach. John always had a keen interest in freestyle martial
arts which has lead him to explore different martial arts concepts and
styles outside his ‗core‘ training in Karate. He has cross trained in
various other styles such as Arnis, BJJ, Judo, Muay Thai Kick Boxing
and many others.
During his time on the Gold Coast John has trained for competitive
purposes in some of these styles to test his skills and training. His
tournament results include runner up in both the I.A.M.A Queensland
and Australasian Open Weight Bare-Knuckle Karate Championships.
John has also competed in a number of MMA and BJJ tournaments.
He began teaching over 10 years ago and has had students ranging from 4 to 50 years. In
2005 he opened his own Kidz Karate School at Carrara. He is currently employed at the
International College of Martial Arts as the lead Karate instructor where he teaches GōkiKai Karate-Do. As part of his job John also runs courses in fitness, surfing and security
industry restraint & control.
John has extensive experience in the crowd control sector with most of his experience in
pubs and clubs on the Gold Coast. He has utilised his knowledge and is often seen
lecturing on security training courses.
John has a broad range of qualifications and has spent a number of years formally
studying martial arts and sport coaching. He is an accredited Olympic Weightlifting coach
and regularly assists Kaichō Damien in teaching strength & conditioning to the martial arts
students, as well as acting as a coach for the Gold Coast Weightlifting Club.
John has a Certificate IV in Assessment & Workplace Training, a Certificate II in Sport &
Recreation, a Certificate IV in Fitness, and a Diploma in Sport (Coaching) majoring in
martial arts.
He is currently working toward his 4th degree black belt in Gōki-Kai as well as junior ranks
in other systems. John is an open minded and dedicated instructor, as well as a highly
skilled and motivated martial arts athlete.
He says ―I look forward to meeting and training with anybody who is willing to dedicate
time and energy however much they may have, into improving themselves and their
lifestyles through training in the martial arts.‖
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REISHIKI – THE ETIQUETTE OF GŌKI-KAI
Reishiki is a central element of life within the dojo. Reishiki comes from two Japanese
words. The first is ―REI‖ which is defined as: bow, salutation, salute, courtesy, propriety,
ceremony, thanks and appreciation. The second part of the term is ―SHIKI‖ which is
defined as: ceremony, rite or function. Combined the term ―Reishiki‖ can translate as:
Ceremonial manners - Etiquette.
Some might consider this type of consideration to another human being as being
conservatively old fashioned however we could say that the end goal of Rei is rooted into
all forms of budo because any martial art without Reishiki is just fighting.
A highly structured class in any budo, which includes a Gōki-Kai class, begins on time with
the senior student calling the beginning of class by ordering everyone to line up. There is a
formality to lining up. Kamiza (the senior or most acknowledged person) and Shimoza (the
most junior person) in attendance must line up or sit in their appropriate locations.
This means the most junior person is seated
farthest away from the door and the most senior
person is seated closest to the door (or primary
entrance / exit). If the door is to the centre of the
room or if there is a Shinza (a shrine like focal
point of Shomen – see the picture to the left) at
Shomen then the right side of Shinza is Kamiza
and the left side of Shinza is Shimoza with the
junior attendees still farthest from the
entrance/exit. Shomen simply means ‗front‘ and
signifies the ‗spiritual‘ focus of the Dojo.
The purpose of this sequence is ancient and involves the concept of Musha Shugyo – the
warriors journey or Dojo challenge.
The basic premise was/is that the role of the senior students was to protect the school
from any attackers that make it through the door! Up until recently (the last 20 or so years)
Dojo challenges were reasonably common and any school could expect an attack from
another school at almost any time. Some Dojo‘s even went as far as to have a bell out the
front of the Dojo for challengers to ring to make the challenge, and ran drills (like fire drills
at school) to train in the appropriate response.
In the Gōki-Kai Honbu Dojo we have the Dojo Kun and the Eureka oath on banners at the
front of the dojo to signify the Shomen. The Dojo Shinza (shrine) is located above the
Senjo board on the Kamidana on the left (of the Shomen) wall of the Dojo. The purpose of
the Shinza and Kamidana is to pay respect to the traditions of the martial arts Dojo and to
allow a physical focus of the student‘s attention during the ceremonial (traditional) portions
of the class.
The terminology of Reishiki is detailed below:
 'Seiretsu' (line up)
 'Kiotsuke' (attention)
 'Seiza' (kneeling position) or Chakuza (sit down)
 'Mokuso' (begin meditation)
 'Mokuso' Yame' (end meditation) or 'Naorei' (as you were)
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







'Shomen ni tashite rei' (Zarie-sitting bow to front) or 'Shinzen ni tashite rei' (if at
shrine or temple)
'Shihan ni tashite rei' - (Zarie-sitting bow towards Shihan' 'Onegai Shimasu' or
'Arigato Gozai Mashita'. (Command and bow only if Shihan is present).
'Sensei ni tashite rei' - (Zarie-sitting bow towards Sensei) 'Onegai Shimasu' or
'Arigato Gozaimashita'. (Command and bow only if Sensei is present).
'Sempai ni tashite rei' - (Zarie-sitting bow towards Sempai) 'Onegai Shimasu' or
'Arigato Gozaimashita'. (Command and bow only if Sempai is present).
'Otagai ni rei' (Zarie-sitting bow to each other-beginning of class) - 'Onegai
Shimasu' or 'Arigato Gozaimashita'.
'Otagai ni waka rei' (Zarie-sitting bow to each other-end of class) - 'Onegai Shimasu'
or 'Arigato Gozaimashita'.
'Sotachi' (all rise) or 'Kiritsu' (stand up)
'Ritsu Rei' (standing bow).
Yes, it is a lot of bowing however this should just about sum it up for any traditional Dojo,
including Iaido, Kendo and Judo.
Note that this ceremony is not to be considered religious in nature, but is an important part
of the "Reishiki" which is focused etiquette and is essential to budo. The acts of bowing
and respect also enable us to work on developing our sense of humility.
Reishiki is the order of bowing (bowing ceremonies) that open and close class. This is
where Deshi (students) line up according to their particular rank and pay their respect and
thanks for what they are about to learn or have learned.
Dojo Reishiki (ceremony) is important to the creation of a formal and traditional
atmosphere in the Dojo. In traditional Karate, one of the first concepts that we are taught is
that of Reishiki (or at least it should be).
I don't think any students lasts long who greets their instructor with the term "Yo Sensei"
or "Yo, my main man Sensei." As we begin our training, the concepts of Reishiki are
taught to us as much of the art is, through observing those who have come before us.
Watching our seniors in training and in their general actions and interactions in the Dojo is
an outstanding way to learn, provided that the seniors have been observant over the
years. There are many occasions in the day to day operations of a Dojo that require some
form of ceremony.
On a more pragmatic note, the ceremonies relating to Reishiki also serve a number of
other purposes. There is a great deal of empirical research that shows that training in a
‗traditional‘ martial arts school, with ‗traditional‘ values measurably increases students self
discipline and reduces their aggression. This is believed to be due to the fact that the
students can call upon the ritual of the Reishiki to bring themselves to a focal point
psychologically. Ritual is, and has always been, an important part of the psyche of
humanity.
STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT
The Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre is a progressive traditional self defence school
that combines modern training methods and a scientific approach, yet still follows and
promotes traditional values. Our training sessions are conducted in the spirit of mutual cooperation and friendly competition to enable everyone to develop their personal skills.
© Damien Martin
13
Traditional values at our school means acting with the:

Spirit of Contribution

Spirit of Respect

Spirit of Harmony and Unity

Spirit of Determination

Spirit of Humanity
We endeavour to promote the positive aspects of martial culture and this is achieved
through the use of traditional methods such as belt ranking systems, a school hierarchy
and traditional rituals of respect and courtesy which honour the founders and
predecessors of the arts we study. As such:
 always bow when entering and leaving the training area. We also bow at the
commencement and completion of each class, as well as to our training partners
before and after training drills.
 always refer to instructors by their teaching rank or title. If unsure, the title
Sensei will suffice.
 appreciate that martial arts, regardless of ‗style', is defensive in nature and
violence, either in or out of the school, will not be tolerated.
 show respect for each other, and cultivating the virtues of modesty and humility.
 recognise that a martial arts school is not a democracy. Know that your
instructors are professionals and have your best interests at heart.
1. Respect the rights, dignity and worth of every human being
 Within the context of the activity, treat everyone equally regardless of sex, ethnic
origin or religion
 Respect your parents and elders at all times
 Show respect and humility to all you should meet especially your instructors and
senior members
2. Be responsible to ensure that your time spent in training is a positive experience
 You are studying a martial art in a school which promotes traditional values.
 Pay attention to the direction and teaching of your instructor
 Be diligent in your training, concentrate, and remain focused
 Do not disrupt the class in so doing endangering the safety of others, being
disrespectful to your instructor and embarrassing yourself
 Practice in your own time and develop your own mental and physical ability
3. Treat each person as an individual
 Respect the talent, desire to learn, and goals of each individual in the class
 Help each person reach their full potential
 Unnecessary roughness, crude language, or a display of ill temper or disrespect
is strictly forbidden.
4. Be fair, considerate and honest with fellow students
 Safety comes first
 Control your personal ego
 Remember humility in training
 Out of respect for instructors and class mates, maintain good personal hygiene this means a clean uniform, clean body, controlled body odour, long hair tied
back and fingernails and toenails kept short
5. Be professional in and accept responsibility for your actions
 Language, manner, punctuality, attitude and integrity should display high
standards
 Display control, respect, dignity and professionalism to all involved with the
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© Damien Martin
martial art/sport. This includes opponents, coaches, officials, administrators, the
media, parents and spectators
 Rank is earned, not given or bought
6. Make a commitment to yourself
 Maintain or improve your current skills, ability and develop your personal attitude
 Seek continual improvement through performance appraisal and ongoing
training
 You will make a healthy body through unyielding training and perseverance
7. Any physical contact with fellow students should be:
 Appropriate to the situation
 Necessary for training skills development
8. Refrain from any form of personal abuse towards fellow students
 This includes verbal, physical and emotional abuse
 Be alert to any forms of abuse directed towards other members of the Southern
Cross Martial Arts Centre
9. Refrain from any form of harassment towards fellow students
10. Maintain a safe environment for training and competition
 Ensure that you comply to equipment and facility safety standards
 Always follow our infection control guidelines
 Always demonstrate poise under pressure, adherence to the competition rules
and display control, respect, dignity and professionalism
11. Show concern and caution towards sick and injured members
 Support members training using a modified training program as a result of an
injury or disability where appropriate
12. Be a positive role model for your martial art
 Treat people with respect and openness
 Train diligently while being considerate of others
 Remember that your actions can affect the reputation of the school and your
classmates
EXPECTED BEHAVIOUR
Dojo means ‗place of the way‘. In Asia the term also has religious connotations. Here the
Dojo is a place of learning self defence, a place of discipline and, most importantly, a place
of the Way of the Warrior.
The instructors are friendly and easygoing but please keep in mind we do have certain
safety regulations and rules to protect the property of other students and the Dojo.
1. Leave your ego and problems at the door. Adopt the Way with a clean and fresh
outlook.
2. When entering the Dojo or floor, stop at the door, face in to the Dojo, bow and say
―Onegai Shimasu‖. When exiting the Dojo or floor always bow and say 'Arigato
Gozai Mashita'.
3. Always be on time for training. If you are late, warm yourself up off to the side of the
mat. When you are ready to commence training, stand at the side of the mat in
‗heiko-dachi‘. When the instructor notices you they will turn and bow you onto the
mat with a loud ―osu‖. You should respond in the same manner and then assume
your position in the class.
4. The students in the class line up at the commencement of a class in order of
seniority and rank. The highest ranked students are in the front line, lowest ranked
in the back line and so on.
© Damien Martin
15
5. The class commences and finishes with a formal bow. We bow on the command of
―Rei‖ and come upright on the command of ―Matte‖. There will occasionally be a
short period of meditation (―Mokuso‖) before each formal bow in/out. See the
section on Reishiki in the Japanese Terminology section.
6. Do not remove any part of your gi during training without being asked to do so. Only
adjust your gi during breaks. You should turn away to do so.
7. As a mark of respect a student should never touch the belt of another without their
permission. Likewise a student should never deliberately touch a higher ranks belt
until they have earned that rank. Obviously this may occur accidentally in kumite,
grappling or training.
8. When tying or adjusting the obi (belt), the student should kneel on their right knee
(humility). The same applies for removing it. Care should be taken so the ends of
the belt hang evenly (symbolising balance; Yin & Yang).
9. A belt should never be washed – the uniform definitely should though, and
regularly. Your obi is a symbol of your commitment to training and selfimprovement. You have earned all of the sweat and blood that darkens it on your
journey. It symbolically contains the spirit of your hard training.
10. The student should do all the bars and embroidery on their belt personally. This
allows contemplation and reflection on the meaning of their new rank.
11. Always follow instructions quickly. Do not stroll or procrastinate. When you return to
the mat after a break you should assume the ‗heiko-dachi‘ position and await
instruction.
12. Do not walk in front of other students or between a pair (partners) as this is most
discourteous.
13. Never practice kumite without an instructor present. Always wear the mandatory
protective equipment and follow the safety guidelines when sparring.
14. It is discourteous to ask a higher rank to practice kumite, however it is also
discourteous to refuse if the higher rank asks you. Never step forward into your
fighting stance upon commencement of kumite. This is seen as an insult.
15. When practicing kumite with a higher rank do your best but keep in mind that they
will have your lower rank and abilities in mind.
16. Address your instructor and senior students by their correct title. If unsure address
them as Sensei. They will correct you if this is incorrect.
17. Listen carefully to the instructor and always show respect. Acknowledge all
instructions with a strong ―osu!‖ Never question the instructors‘ directions or speak
out of turn.
18. Treat training seriously. Do your best and train hard. Always remember the spirit of
Osu!
19. Remember too that possession of a senior grade is not an excuse to slacken your
pace or lounge around. All black belts must be able to maintain their minimum
grading requirements. All black gi‘s must put in 100% all of the time. If you are sick
or injured, wear a standard gi.
20. Ensure your fingernails and toenails are clean and short to prevent cutting yourself
other students. Always ensure your hands, nails and feet are clean prior to
commencing training. Nobody likes to train with somebody who is dirty and smelly.
21. Do not wear dangly ear-rings, facial piercings or any bracelets, watches or rings.
22. Treat others as you would have them treat you. Always be polite and say "please"
and "Thankyou".
23. Don't talk out of turn during a class. By all means ask questions but wait your turn.
24. Always inform instructors of any injuries or illnesses and please do not train when
you are ill (contagious). This is inconsiderate as you pass the illness on.
25. Respect other people‘s property and leave it alone.
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© Damien Martin
26. Violent behaviour in and out of class will not be tolerated.
27. Do not eat, chew gum, smoke or drink in the Dojo. You may take water during
breaks. No soft drinks allowed on the mat.
28. Go to the toilet prior to training. An accidental blow to a full bladder can be
extremely dangerous. Do not train on a full stomach either, so please avoid eating
less than an hour before class.
29. Always bow and say ―Osu‖ prior to, and immediately after training with a partner.
30. Always complete a kata you have commenced. Never stop halfway.
REMEMBER TOO:
Everyone works
Nothing is free
All start at the bottom
© Damien Martin
17
THE HISTORY OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO
The lineage of Gōki-Kai Karate-Do is somewhat convoluted. Essentially the kata are
Okinawan Goju Ryu and the core techniques are Karate based. There are also elements
of Muay Thai, Brazilian Jiu-jitsu, Tae Kwon Do, MMA and military unarmed combat. The
term progressive traditional means that whilst Gōki-Kai has the trappings of a traditional
Karate Dojo (i.e. belts, gi‘s, ranks etc) and promotes traditional values, the combative
principles themselves must work. The basic principle of the organisation is the same as its
immediate predecessor, Zen Do Kai, in that ―if it works, use it‖.
FAMILY TREE
The Karate family tree for Gōki-Kai looks something like the diagram below. The common
ancestor of Zen Do Kai, the Jundokan and IOGKF Goju Ryu is Miyagi Chojun Sensei.
Miyagi Sensei‘s death in 1953 threw the Goju world into some turmoil as his nominated
successors had both died during World War 2.
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© Damien Martin
This is the main reason that the Gōki-Kai kata are those of Okinawan Goju Ryu. Another
reason is that they provide an objective international standard. This means our students
can go to pretty much any Goju school anywhere and be able to keep up with the class.
It must be noted that Clinton Laurence Sensei is, aside from being a Yondan in IOGKF
Goju Ryu, a Yondan in Judo and a Nidan in Zen Do Kai. He is also ranked in Aikido and
Jodo.
Soké Bob Jones (Nana-Dan Ho) from Zen Do Kai is also ranked in Tae Kwon Do and
Muay Thai. Hanshi Billy Manné (Hachi-Dan) is also a brown belt in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu, a
Shodan in Aikido and a Muay Thai expert. All of these masters have had an influence on
Gōki-Kai.
Many additional arts have influenced the development of Gōki-Kai as a fighting style.
Kaichō Damien has spent many hours cross training, talking, attending seminars,
reviewing DVD‘s and video‘s, practising, doing courses and experimenting to get to where
Gōki-Kai is today. And this is, by no means, the end of the journey.
Influences are shown on the following diagram:
Richard Dimitri
(Senshido)
Zen Do Kai
Freestyle
Karate
Muay Thai
Goju Ryu
(Jundokan)
Judo
RBSD
BJJ
Gōki-Kai
Karate-Do
CQB
PPCT
Tony Blauer
(SPEAR)
Kyokushin
Phillipino
Martial Arts
Firearms
Training
Security Work
© Damien Martin
Koryu
Uchinadi
Kempo Jutsu
Goju Ryu
(IOGKF)
19
OKINAWAN ROOTS
The exact process of the progression of Goju from Okinawa, to Japan, to Hawaii to
Australia led to some interpretive issues that have taken decades to unravel. The purpose
of this section is to give a broad overview of the process.
Gōki-Kai was developed as an evolution of Zen Do Kai and Zen Do Kai was developed
from the Japanese Goju Kai Karate-Do of Tino Ceberano. Ceberano Sensei was a student
of the late Yamaguchi Gogen (10th Dan – founder of Japanese Goju Kai) who was in turn
the student of the founder of the Goju tradition, Miyagi Chojun.
All of the advanced kata that are found in Zen Do Kai (except the children‘s Taikyoku kata,
the Naihunchi kata and, obviously, the freeforms developed by the individual students)
have their roots in the Goju Ryu Karate of Miyagi Sensei.
Goju means ―Hard/Soft‖ and Miyagi Sensei named his system this after the 3 rd precept of
Chinese Kempo as found in the Bubishi – ―The way of inhaling and exhaling is hardness
and softness‖1. Miyagi Sensei felt that this epitomised his karate (see the chapter Eight
Precepts of the Fist for the original poems).
Miyagi Sensei was a student of the great karate master,
Higashionna Kanryo, who trained in China‘s Fukien
Province for a number of years under the renowned
master Ryu Ryuko. When Higashionna Sensei returned
from China he founded Naha-Te, which was later evolved
by his student Miyagi Sensei into Goju Ryu.
Miyagi Chojun Sensei
Miyagi Sensei blended the flowing softness of White Crane
Kempo with the hard rigid styles of Okinawan Naha-Te to
come to the Goju way. His style was epitomised by hard
Sanchin training and utilisation of the Hojo Undo training
equipment to develop power. Miyagi Sensei did not believe
in belts or rank in Karate and was even loathe to name his
‗style‘. The evolution of Goju Ryu is fascinating and to gain
full understanding one must study for many years.
MIYAGI CHŌJUN
He was born in Naha, Okinawa on April 27 1888 and was the adopted son of a wealthy
businessman. Miyagi began his study in Karate-do at the age of nine. He first learned
martial arts from Ryuko Aragaki, who then introduced him to Naha-te Master Kanryo
Higashionna when Miyagi was fourteen. Under the tutelage of this Master, Miyagi
underwent a very long and arduous period of training. His training with Higaonna was
interrupted for a two-year period while Miyagi completed his mandatory military service,
1910-1912, in Miyakonojo, Miyazaki Ken.
In 1915, after the death of Master Kanryo Higashionna, Miyagi travelled to Fujian Province
in China as his teacher had done before him and bade him to do. In China he studied the
Shaolin and Pa Kua(Ba gua) forms of Chinese boxing. From the blending of these
1
Higaonna, M (1985) Traditional Karatedo Volume 1: Okinawa Goju Ryu, Sugawara Martial Arts Institute:
Okinawa, p.29
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© Damien Martin
systems, the hard linear/external form of Shaolin, the soft circular/internal form of Pa Kua,
and his native Naha-Te, a new system emerged. However, it was not until 1929 that
Chojun Miyagi named the system Goju-ryu, meaning "hard soft style".
After some years in China, Chōjun Miyagi returned to Naha where he opened a dojo. He
taught for many years, gaining an enormous reputation as a karateka. Even Kano Jigoro,
the founder of judo, came to Okinawa to learn specific karate take-downs. Despite his
reputation, his greatest achievements lie in popularization and the organization of karate
teaching methods. He introduced karate into Okinawa police work, high schools and other
fields of society. He revised and further developed Kata Sanchin - the hard aspect of Goju,
and created Kata Tensho - the soft aspect. These kata are considered to contain the
essence of the Goju-ryu style. The highest kata, Suparinpei is said to contain the full
syllabus of Goju-ryu kata. Shisochin was Miyagi's favorite kata at the end of his years.
Tensho was influenced by the White Crane kata Ryokushu, which he learned from his
long-time friend Gokenki. With a goal of unification of various karate styles which was in
fashion at that time, he also created more Shurite-like katas Gekisai Dai Ichi and Gekisai
Dai Ni in 1940, taking techniques from higher forms (notably Suparinpei, and upper blocks
uncommon for Goju-ryu at that time) and incorporating them into a shorter forms. It is said
he created these kata to bridge the gap between Sanchin kata and Saifa kata, which
contains much more complex moves compared to Sanchin kata. However, Gekisai katas
are learned before Sanchin kata now.
Some of his more notable students were: Seko Higa (his oldest student and also a student
of Kanryo Higaonna), Miyazato Ei'ichi (founder of the Jundokan dojo), Meitoku Yagi
(founder of the Meibukan dojo, who eventually accepted late master Miyagi's gi and obi
from Miyagi's family), Seikichi Toguchi (founder of Shorei-kan Goju-ryu), and on the
Japanese mainland Gōgen Yamaguchi who was the founder of the International Karate do
Goju Kai Association and who after training with Miyagi, became the representative of
Gōjū-ryū in Japan. At a later date Gōgen Yamaguchi invested much time studying Kata
under Meitoku Yagi.
Miyagi‟s Black Belts
Contrary to many claims since his death, Miyagi Sensei never awarded anyone a black
blet and, in fact, never wore the one made for him by his students. This belt was left to
Miyazato Eiichi.
There is a famous story that a number of Japanese karateka offered miyagi Sensei a huge
bribe to be awarded dan rankings at a meeting in japan in 1936. Miyagi Sensei refused
and never returned to mainland Japan.
Successor
Miyagi Sensei had nominated his successors prior to the commencement of hostilities in
World War 2. They were Shinzato Jinan and his 3 rd son Miyagi Jun. Unfortunately both
were among the 150,000 Okinawan casualties of the war. Miyagi Sensei never formally
nominated a successor but he left his black belt and Hojo Undo equipment to Miazato
Eiichi, which gave credence to his claim as the successor.
It is certain that his successor was not Yamaguchi Gogen, who declared himself a 10th dan
on Miagi‘s death even though he had only three weeks of training under the Sensei.
"Let me first say that I was not named the successor of goju-ryu by Miyagi, but nor was
anyone else. There are some goju-ryu teachers who claim to have been privately
appointed successor by Miyagi. These claims are ludicrous and disrespectful of his
© Damien Martin
21
memory. He never publicly named anyone as successor. Common sense would dictate
that if he were to appoint someone, it would have been a longtime student and it would
have to be of public record to have any value. Miyagi was not a man to do things in a
haphazard manner - everything was very deliberate and precise.
It would also be logical to assume that since Miyagi would not grant dan ranking, how then
would he be inclined to name a successor? I feel Miyagi would be rolling in his grave with
the plethora of ridiculous claims about this matter." Seikichi Toguchi2
More Information
Further information on Goju Ryu can be found in the modern writings of Higaonna Morio
Sensei, of Okinawa.
In April 2010 Sensei Hannah and Kaichō Damien had the privelidege to train in Okinawa at
the Jundokan, training with Masaji Taira Sensei. Taira Sensei is a veteran police officer
who specialises in kata bunkai. For further information on Taira Sensei, go to
tairabunkai.com or Youtube.
THE HISTORY OF ZEN DO KAI
Soké Bob Jones left the Dojo of Ceberano Sensei in 1965 and the situation led to the birth
of the first ever "Freestyle" and uniquely Australian martial art. Due to its origins within
Goju Kai, the school was originally called "Goju Rebels" but was renamed on June 1st
1970 and became what it is today, Zen Do Kai.
Zen Do Kai was founded by Bob Jones, Soké, through an amalgamation of the most
practical techniques of other martial arts styles and the Freestyle concept was born.
With its original open mindedness and multi-dimensional acceptance of all true techniques,
this ultra modernistic approach to martial arts saw Zen Do Kai grow into an organisation of
some 1000 schools and 20,000 students internationally in the early 1990‘s. The
organisation in now much smaller than this but maintains a strong presence in Victoria,
South Australia, Western Australia and the Darling Downs region of Queensland.
From the early days with his fellow ‗bouncers‘ training together in Karate to today‘s modern
martial arts organisation, Bob Jones always showed himself to be an innovator rather than
an emulator, often attracting outbursts of jealous outrage from the opposition. Some
examples would have to include: creating Zen Do Kai, the first ‗Freestyle‘; pioneering
kickboxing in this country, becoming the first kickboxing entrepreneur in Australia;
introducing coloured uniforms for teaching ranks and eventually all ranks; introducing
Muay Thai to the Australian public; teaching women‘s self defence on television; running
one of Australia‘s largest security organisations and the list goes on.
To quote Soké Jones:
“Zen Do Kai is the „mother‟ and like a huge oak tree she encompasses all our
knowledge. She is, and will always be, the biggest martial art in the BJC”.
As you can see Zen Do Kai is a system that developed over more than 40 years. The style
has evolved from adding the principles of many martial arts disciplines with the strong
2
Toguchi, Seikichi (2001). Okinawan Goju-Ryu II, Advanced Techniques of Shorei-Kan
Karate. p. 26
22
© Damien Martin
fighting tradition it has always had. Put together, it forms a modern, effective and
comprehensive self-defence system.
Over the past forty years Zen Do Kai has
continued to evolve and define itself. When Bob
Jones first started the style in 1970 at a club in
Elizabeth Street, Melbourne it was mainly to
give his security staff a place to train. At this
point in time Bob Jones had a strong
background in the security, crowd control and
personal protection.
Richard Norton and Bob Jones – Early days of
Zen Do Kai
The style was traditional Japanese in nature, the
foundations were originally based on the Goju
style. Later, Zen Do Kai was influenced by the
dynamic American stylists such as Chuck
Norris, Mike Stone and Pat Johnstone, amongst
others, when Bob Jones travelled and competed
to the USA in the early 1970's.
Towards the end of the '70's he introduced kickboxing to Australia. He is affectionately
known as "The Godfather" of Australian kickboxing. Through Zen Do Kai he was able to
produce many international standard competitors. During this time there was also an
explosion of interest in the martial arts in Australia, due to the influence of factors such as
the "Bruce Lee phenomenon" and the high media exposure that followed Bob Jones and
Zen Do Kai across Australia. Zen Do Kai grew at a rapid rate across the width and breadth
of the country and spread to New Zealand as well and can currently be found in Australia,
New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore and Israel.
Through his keen interest in the competitive aspect of the martial arts, and to examine
fighting skills and training practises that could enhance the practical abilities of the Zen Do
Kai students Bob Jones ventured to Thailand. There he saw firsthand, together with other
senior Zen Do Kai instructors, the devastating ability of the Muay Thai fighters developed
over centuries of tradition. As a result of this, many of the powerful techniques of the Thai
fighters have been included into the Zen Do Kai system.
Since the 1960's in Australia and later in New Zealand the name Bob Jones has become
synonymous with the Security Industry and the Martial Arts. During these four decades
Bob Jones has taught thousands of Australians to protect themselves and many of these
students went on to become Black Belts in the Martial Arts. Bob Jones then taught the elite
of these Black Belts how to "protect others" and they were then employed within the
security industry.
In the sixties he met the security needs of many organisations, events and celebrities. In
the seventies he secured almost all of Australia's major rock concerts that ran over several
days and drew crowds in excess of 50,000. At each concert, hundreds of his Black Belts
were employed to secure all aspects of public well being. In the eighties Bob Jones
personally toured as Bodyguard to many major rock and roll celebrities including the
Rolling Stones, Joe Cocker, Fleetwood Mac, Europe's ABBA, David Bowie, Boy George
and Linda Ronstadt to name just a few.
© Damien Martin
23
GLOSSARY OF COMMON MARTIAL ARTS TERMS
Why use a foreign language? We get asked this question often. The answer is simply this,
the universally understood language of golf is English; the universal language of Ballet is
Russian (or French); the universal language of Karate is Japanese, just like the universal
language of Muay Thai is Thai! We study Karate, therefore we include the language and
terminology. Our black belts can go and train anywhere in the world, the USA, France,
Brazil, Slovakia or even Japan, and they know what is happening. Instantly!
The Japanese language also has the ability to convey concepts in single words. In martial
arts, this is useful.
GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF GŌKI-KAI
Shugyo: Severe training. Training for the tempering the spirit, i.e. the more you sweat in
training the less you bleed in battle.
Jutsu: The killing art approach rather than the Do.
Kiai vs Aiki: External vs internal applications of the martial way.
Kokoro: Indomitable spirit. Developed through shugyo.
Haragei: Intuition, super alertness.
Kokyu Chikara: Literally ‗breath power‘. Proper breathing. Involves kiai to a point.
Kime: ‗Spiritual Focus‘
Mushin: Literally ‗no mind‘.
Zanshin: Moving meditation. Often manifested as complete and total awareness of
surroundings.
Shibumi: Composure, austere, simple and humble
Embusen: An "embu" (sometimes written "enbu") is a "demonstration". "Sen" means
"line(s)". "Embusen", therefore, refers to the line(s) that is followed during a demonstration
of movements, such as in kata.
Ma-ai: The distance between you and your opponent. Ma-ai is an integration of distance,
timing, rhythm and reach. The optimum distance for the Ma-ai is obviously different for
each fighter; however, there must be space enough for unrestricted defense or offense.
Ma-ai is also used in a more limited sense to indicate the distance at which it is easiest to
counter your opponent's moves and launch attacks. Ma-ai is not just the distance of
physical space between you and your opponent. It's also timing: to see who can close that
distance first and strike before the other can block successfully. Reach, either because of
one's limbs and height, or through possession of a long weapon, changes ma-ai.
Distancing and timing are undivided factors. Distancing is relatively easier to accomplish
than timing by simply moving closer or further from your opponent. If the distance is
correct for an attack but the start of the attack is late, this means the timing is off.
Go no sen: the ‗late‘ form of attack initiative, usually characterized as a defensive move or
counteraction.
Sen no sen: the attack initiative that is also defensive but launched simultaneously with
the aggressor's attack;
Sen-sen no sen: a supraliminal attack initiative, also defensive but appearing to be
offensive, through which the aggressor's attack is anticipated and "beaten to the punch" by
an appropriate action.
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
Age Tsuke
Age Uke
Ago
Ashi
24
Rising punch
Rising block
Chin
Foot
© Damien Martin
Ashi Waza
Atama
Bunkai
Choku Tsuke
Chudan
Chudan Mae Geri
Chudan Uchi Uke
Dachi
De Ashi Harai
Empi Uchi
Empi
Fudo Dachi
Gedan Barai Uke
Gedan Tsuki
Gedan Uke
Gedan
Geri
Gi
Goshi (Or Koshi)
Goshin Waza
Gyaku Ashi
Gyaku Juji Gatame
Gyaku Mawashi Geri
Gyaku Tsuki
Hadaka Jime
Haito
Hajime
Hangetsu Dachi
Hara
Harai
Heiko Dachi
Heisoku Dachi
Hidari
Hiji Ate
Hiraken Tsuki
Hiki Uke
Hiraken
Hiza
Hiza Geri
Ippon Ken
Ippon Seoi Nage
Irimi
Irimi Nage
Jodan
Jodan Age Uke
Jodan Mae Geri
Jodan Uke
Jun Tsuki
Junbi Undo
Kage Tsuki
Kaisho
Kaiten Nage
© Damien Martin
Foot techniques
Head
Application of techniques in kata
Straight punch
Middle or chest area
Front kick to the middle area
Block from inside out with top of wrist
Stance
Advancing foot sweep
Elbow strike
Elbow
Rooted stance
Downward sweeping block
Punch to groin
Downward block
Lower body area
Kick
Uniform
Hip
Self defense techniques
Reverse foot
Palms up strangle
Reverse round kick
Reverse punch
Naked strangle
Ridgehand
Begin
Half-moon stance
Stomach
Sweeping
Parallel stance
Closed feet stance (attention)
Left
Elbow strike
Fore knuckle-fist straight punch
Grasping block
Fore knuckle fist
Knee
Knee kick
One knuckle fist
One arm shoulder throw
Entering
Entering throw
Head level
Upper block against head attack
Front Kick to head
High block
Jab
Warming up Exercises
Hook punch
Open hand
Open and turn throw
25
Kakato Geri
Kake Geri
Kake Shuto Uke
Kake Tsuki
Kake Uke
Kakiwaki Uke
Kakuto Uke
Kamae
Kami Shiho Gatame
Kansetsu Waza
Karate
Kata
Kata
Kata Gatame
Kata Juji Jime
Keage
Kebanashi
Kekomi
Kentsui
Keri (Or Geri) Waza
Kesa Gatame
Ki
Kiai
Kiba Dachi
Kihon Waza
Kihon
Kime
Kin Geri
Kisami Tsuki
Ko Soto Gari
Ko Uchi Gari
Koken Uke
Kokutsu Dachi
Kosa Dachi
Kote Gaeshi
Kote Hineri
Kubi Nage
Kubi
Kumade
Kumite
Ma Ai
Mae Ashi Geri
Mae Empi Uchi
Mae Geri Keage
Mae Geri Kekomi
Mae Geri
Mae Hiji Ate
Mae Tobi Geri
Makiwara
Masubi Dachi
Matte
Mawashi Geri
26
Heel kick
Hooking kick
Hooking knifehand block
Hooking punch
Hooking block
Reverse wedge block
Bent wrist block
Posture
Upper four quarters hold
Joint manipulation techniques
Empty hand
Formal exercise
Shoulder
Shoulder hold
Lapel choke
Snap (kick)
Kick off (snap kick)
Thrust (kick)
Fist hanmer
Kicking techniques
Scarf hold
Inner spirit or strength
Yell or shout
Horse (straddle leg) stance
Fundamental techniques
Basics or fundamentals
Focus
Groin kick
Jab Punch
Minor outside reaping throw
Minor inside reaping throw
Wrist block
Back stance
Crossed leg stance
Outward turning wristbend
Inward turning wristbend
Neck throw
Neck
Bear hand
Free exercise
Distancing
Front leg kick
Forward elbow strike
Front "snap" kick
Front thrusting kick
Front kick
Forward elbow smash
Jumping front kick
Striking board
Attention stance
Stop
Round kick
© Damien Martin
Mawashi Tsuki
Migi
Mikazuki Geri
Morote Sukui Uke
Morote Tsukami Uke
Morote Tsuki
Morote Uke
Mudansha
Mune Gatame
Musubi Dachi
Nage Waza
Nakadaka Ippon Ken
Nami Juji Gatame
Negashi Uke
Nekoashi Dachi
Nihon Nukite
Nukite
Obi
O Goshi
O Soto Gari
O Uchi Gari
Oi Tsuki
Okuri Ashi Harai
Okuri Eri Jime
Osae Uke
Otoshi Empi Uchi
Otoshi Hiji Ate
Otoshi Uke
Rei
Ritsu Rei
San Gyaku Gatame
Sanchin Dachi
Sankaijo
Sanren Tsuki
Seiken Choku Tsuki
Seiken Tsuki
Seiken
Shiho Nage
Shiho Wari
Shiko Dachi
Shime Waza
Shintai
Shittsui
Shizen Dachi
Shotei Uchi
Shotei Uke
Shu Wan
Shumatsu Undo
Shuto Uchi
Shuto Uke
Sokuto
Soto Uke
© Damien Martin
Round punch
Right
Cresent kick
Two-handed twist block
Two-handed Grasping Block
Double fist punch
Augmented forearm block
Ranks below Black Belt
Chest hold
Open feet stance, heel together
Throwing techniques
Middle finger one knuckle fist
Half cross strangle
Sweeping block
Cat stance
Two finger spearhand
Spearhand
Belt
Minor hip throw
Major outside reaping throw
Major inside reaping throw
Stepping or lunge punch
Sliding (or gathering) foot sweep
Sliding collar throw
Pressing block
Downward elbow block
Downward elbow strike
Dropping block
Bow
Standing bow
Traingle arm bar (Figure 4 arm bar)
Pigeon-toed (or hour-glass) Stance
Third control
Three consecutive punches
Forefist straight punch
Forefist strike
Forefist
Four-corner Directional Throw
Breaking boards on Four Side to test power
Square stance
Strangulation techniques
Body movement
Knee-hammer
Natural stance
Palmheel strike
Palmheel block
Palm arm
Cool down Exercises
Knifehand
Knifehand block
Foot edge
Block from outside inward with bottom of wrist
27
Sukui Nage
Sune Uke
Sutemi Waza
Tai Subaki No Kihon
Tai Subaki
Tameshiwari
Tanden
Tatami
Tate Empi Uchi
Tate Hiji Ate
Tate Shuto Uke
Teisho
Tobi Geri
Tobi Hiza Geri
Tobi Yoko Geri
Tori
Tsuki Waza
Tsuki
Tsuro Ashi Dachi
Uchi Komi
Uchi Mawashi Geri
Uchi Uke
Uchi Waza
Uchi
Ude Garami
Ude Uke
Ude
Ude Gatame
Ukae
Uke
Ukemi
Ura Tsuki
Uraken Uchi
Uraken
Ushiro Ashi Geri
Ushiro Empi Geri
Ushiro Geri
Ushiro Hiji Ate
Ushiro
Uwagi
Uwate Hiji Empi
Uwate Tsuki
Wake Gatami
Waza
Yoko Empi Uchi
Yoko Geri Keage
Yoko Geri Kekomi
Yoko Geri
Yoko Hiji Ate
Yoko Mawashi Empi Uchi
Yoko Mawashi Hiji Ate
Yoko Tobi Geri
28
Scooping throw
Shin Block
Sacrifice technique
Basics of Body Movement
Body movement; pivoting
Power demonstration, breaking
Area below the navel and the center of ki
Mat
Vertical elbow strike
Upward elbow strike
Vertical knifehand strike
Palm heel
Jumping kick
Jumping knee kick
Jumping side kick
Defender/person performing a technique
Punching techniques
Punch
Crane stance
Throw repetition practice without throwing the Uke
Inside cresent kick
Inside block
Striking techniques
Striking (also inner)
Coiling armbar/figure four shoulder lock
Forearm block
Arm
Wrist hold
Attacker/person receiving a technique
Block
Breakfalls
Close punch
Back fist strike
Backfist
Rear leg kick
Back elbow strike
Back kick
Back elbow strike
Back, rear
Uniform jacket
Overhand elbow strike
Overhand punch
Elbow lock
Technique
Side elbow strike
Side "snap" kick
Side thrust kick
Side kick
Side elbow strike
Side round elbow block
Side round elbow strike
Jumping side kick
© Damien Martin
Yoko
Yudansha
Za-Rei
Zenkutsu Dachi
1st Dan
2nd Dan
3rd Dan
4th Dan
5th Dan
6th Dan
7th Dan
8th Dan
9th Dan
10th Dan
Side
Black belt level
Kneeing Salutation (bow)
Dachi forward stance
BLACK BELT RANKS
Shodan
Nidan
Sandan
Yondan
Godan
Rokudan
Shichidan
Hachidan
Kudan
Judan
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
Ohayo Gozaimasu
Ohayo
Konnichiwa
Konbanwa
Oyasuminasai
Soyonara
Arigato
Arigato Gozaimasta
Domo
Do Itashimashite
Gomennasai
Sumimasen
Wakarimasen
Mo Ichido Onegaishimasu
Yukkuri Onegaishimasu
PRE-BLACK BELT RANKS
10th Kyu
JuKyu
9th Kyu
KuKyu
8th Kyu
HachiKyu
7th Kyu
ShichiKyu
6th Kyu
RokKyu
5th Kyu
GoKyu
4th Kyu
YonKyu
3rd Kyu
SanKyu
2nd Kyu
NiKyu
1st Kyu
IkKyu
"Good Morning"
"Good Morning"
"Good afternoon", "hello"
"Good Evening"
"Good night"
"Goodbye"
"Thank you"
"Thank you very much"
"Thank you very much"
"You are welcome"
"I am sorry", "Pardon me"
"Excuse me"
"I don‘t understand
"Once more please"
"Slowly please"
JAPANESE COUNTING NUMBERS
1
Ichi
2
Ni
3
San
4
Shi
5
Go
6
Roku
7
Shichi
8
Hachi
9
Ku
10
Ju
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29
UNIFORMS
The martial arts uniform is called a DoGi. This is usually shortened to gi.
The standard Gōki-Kai gi is traditional white (with 3/4 length sleeves) and the Gōki-Kai
Mon is embroidered on the left side of the chest. The standard version of the gi is of 8oz
cotton and is included with the initial membership. Replacement gi‘s are available in 8oz
and 16oz varieties.
In the sub-tropical climate on the Gold Coast it is a good idea to for each student to have
at least two complete gi‘s available. This shows consideration for classmates and selfrespect. Nobody wants to train with someone who reeks of body odour.
The standard black gi also bears the red, white and blue Mon. The black gi denotes that
the student has been awarded the black gi for their strength in training (See the chapter on
Awards).
Certain gi‘s are awards. A student must earn the right to wear a black gi through hard
dedicated training and strength of technique and sparring. The student‘s instructors and
higher ranking fellow students can nominate the person for the black gi at any time. It is
considered to be very bad manners for a student to ask for a black gi themselves. After
nomination the student‘s attitude and dedication are assessed over a period of time until
the head instructor feels the student is ready. Only instructors of Sensei rank or higher can
award this gi. The black gi can be earned at any rank but usually at around 3rd kyu.
In some schools of Karate (Zen Do Kai freestyle for example) teaching ranks have gi‘s too.
This is not done in Gōki-Kai Karate-Do. Everyone wears a ‗standard‘ gi, including the head
instructor. This symbolises ―we‘re all in this together‖ and prevents people taking
advantage of their rank. In Gōki-Kai you will not see someone wearing a flashy multicoloured gi standing up the front of a class with their arms folded muttering about how
things were better in the ‗old‘ days!
The belt demonstrates the progress of the student in the Way, or ‗obi‘ worn tied around the
waist. There is much more information on this topic in the chapter: Grading System.
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
In Gōki-Kai sparring, or Jiyu Kumite, is normally semi-contact. This means that the blows
struck (and received) make contact but are controlled. To further increase safety protective
equipment is worn during kumite – much of it is compulsory.
Compulsory protective equipment which the student will need to purchase prior to any
sparring includes:
 Mouthguard (fitted by a dentist is the preferred method)
 Groin Protector (compulsory for males, highly recommended for females)
 Shin/Instep pads
 Hand Mitts/Gloves
Female students may also choose to wear a breast protector.
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© Damien Martin
FOLDING THE DOGI:
© Damien Martin
31
AWARDS
There are a number of awards in Gōki-Kai Karate-Do. These are outside the normal ‗Black
Belt of the Year‘ and ‗Student of the Year‘ trophy type awards as they are permanent and
ongoing symbols of the students‘ dedication and prowess. These awards have their roots
in the freestyle heritage of Gōki-Kai.
THE BLACK GI
The first is the coveted black gi. Soké Bob Jones originally developed the black gi concept
even before creating Zen Do Kai. Soké Jones‘ early history is quite colourful. He grew up
in a tough neighbourhood in a tough time in Melbourne and was fighting seriously in street
gangs at an early age. He eventually fought his way through the ‗ranks‘ and ‗graduated‘ to
what he calls the ―biggest, baddest, toughest gang‖ he‘d ever seen. They were called the
‗Phantom Twins‘ and they all wore black from head to foot. Soké Jones recognised then
the psychological impact of the all black clothing.
Later in the late fifties and early sixties Soké Jones was running ‗bouncers‘ at the new
night clubs opening all over Melbourne. As a uniform they all wore black, playing on the
psychological effect the colour had on the adversaries of ‗The Phantom Twins‘. No one
played up in their venues.
Around ten years later he found himself teaching Karate at the infamous 48 Elizabeth
Street Melbourne Dojo. He found that many of his students were the ‗bouncers‘ that had
been with him for ten years or more, likewise many were not. The ‗bouncers‘ sparred
harder than the ‗students‘ and often sparred a little too hard. Soké Jones decided to
separate the two and issued the ‗bouncers‘ with a Jet Black Gi. At this stage wearing a
black gi meant you were one of the strongest fighters in the toughest Dojo in town.
Some more years rolled by and Zen Do Kai began taking junior students. Some of these
kids trained as hard or even harder than the ‗tough guys‘ in the black gi‘s. Soké Jones
decided to award the two strongest kids with black gi‘s, not because they were tough (how
tough can you be at ten years of age) but because they trained so hard!
Time went by and the principle of the black gi broadened and it was now accepted that
children and women could achieve the black gi without having to beat each other half to
death on a daily basis. The black gi is awarded for personal dedication to training and the
fortitude to overcome any barrier. The wearer of the black gi is deemed by their Sensei‘s to
be firmly on the path of Budo – The Warriors Way. It is acknowledged that there are many
paths to ―toughness‖.
Today in Gōki-Kai the black gi still symbolises toughness. In order to be awarded the black
gi the aspiring student must demonstrate extraordinary physical and mental toughness and
demonstrate that they are will to train harder than the rest of the class – all the time. The
black gi assessment takes place over a period of months (or years) and is a very
subjective process. The fastest path to the black gi is to compete in the full contact kumite
arena with Kyokushin or modified (i.e. with grappling) Kyokushin rules. Some students
prefer the Muay Thai or Mixed Martial Arts arena to demonstrate that they are ‗extraordinary‘.
Students awarded the right to wear the black gi wear a plain black gi with the Gōki-Kai
Mon on the left breast.
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© Damien Martin
Whatever the arena, the students must prove their dedication and commitment repeatedly
and do themselves proud in the ring, and/or in training for the ring in order to achieve this
award. The primary consideration for the instructors assessing students is that the student
demonstrates the ‗spirit of Osu!‘
Only instructors of Sandan or above (provided they also hold the teaching title of Sensei)
can award the student the right to wear the all black gi.
CROSSES
This Gōki-Kai award is simply called a cross, after the Southern Cross that features in the
design. The concept comes from the Zen Do Kai Bushido Cross concept which was
revamped after the development of Gōki-Kai.
The History
The original cross was the Bushido Cross. Originally these were made of
iron but this was later changed to silver as the iron crosses rusted and
would wear out as they oxidised. The Bushido Cross was originally only
awarded to members of the Zen Do Kai fraternity who worked together as
‗bouncers‘ and ‗watched each others back‘.
Eventually the Ishoa Cross was developed. Ishoa means ‗enlightenment‘ or
‗oneness‘. The Ishoa Cross was originally developed for the ―Karate
Widows‖ to recognise the sacrifices of the wives of the black belts who
trained in Zen Do Kai and worked as bouncers on the off nights. In the
times before women (and children) trained in Zen Do Kai the Ishoa
Crosses were awarded to the Bushido Cross holders wives.
As the doors opened up to female students who eventually showed they were every bit as
loyal and tough as the men, the Ishoa Cross evolved to the point where it became the
female version of the Bushido Cross, with the same emphasis on the virtues of bushido
but recognises the differences in the feminine physique and psyche.
The Evolution
The Gōki-Kai Cross evolved to limit the negative effects of the crosses that crept in to the
Zen Do Kai organisation in recent years. In Zen Do Kai the cross is now automatic at
shodan-ho and this has had a negative effect on the bond of trust that used to exist. It is
impossible to tell if a person received their cross under the old Bushido based system or
the new automatic system. This led to a number of instances where people had been
trusted on face value because they wore a cross, leading to negative situations that could
have been avoided.
There was also a sense of disquiet regarding the Ishoa Cross with many women believing
it was an inferior award or recognition given its historical roots as an award to the ―Karate
Widows‖ of Zen Do Kai. When you add the fact that the Zen Do Kai organisation has
issues tens of thousands of crosses over the last four decades, quality control on those
that wear them had become a major issue. This was a major contributing factor to leaving
the Zen Do Kai organisation and forming Gōki-Kai.
Gōki-Kai Crosses
The Gōki-Kai Cross keeps with the tradition and principles started by Bob Jones all those
years ago. Gōki-Kai has one cross for all, in keeping with the concept of equality. There is
no ‗second prize‘. The new design features the Mon of Gōki-Kai and is approximately
© Damien Martin
33
19mm in diameter. The sterling silver pendant is awarded to the student personally by
Kaichō Damien. Each of the Gōki-Kai Crosses is numbered and accompanied by a
certificate.
Gōki-Kai Crosses are awarded to students as recognition of particular attributes attained
or consistently displayed.
These attributes include:
 Loyalty;
 Courage;
 Strength of character;
 Honesty;
 Commitment ;
 Role Modelling in and out of the Dojo; and
 That the student demonstrates understanding of the meaning of the Cross.
Considerations by the instructor
 That the instructor feels comfortable that the student understands the ‗Path‘ laid out
before them;
 The ‗Path‘ relates to eventual self enlightenment which relates to being a ‗better‘
person through the martial arts;
 An understanding of a family helping one another;
 An appreciation and opportunity to accept one another as brothers and sisters by
choice rather than perhaps, chance;
 A developing understanding about what the journey of the martial arts is about; and
 An understanding that they should always promote the organization in a positive
manner and be cognizant of how they carry themselves
The individual must be aware of the following points:
 That the wearing of the Cross is considered an honour;
 The ―Cross‖ is about the relationship between the person presenting and the person
receiving the cross;
 The ‗Cross‘ only has relevance as strong as the relationship between the two
people involved (the one giving and the one receiving);
 The relevance is the power of the meaning between the two people involved;
 The ‗Cross‘ is about the sharing, the understanding and the meaning in relationship;
 That they have a social and organisational responsibility to ensure that they do not
fall in disrepute and therefore discredit that organization or the Cross;
 That this is considered a life time relationship; and
 It is a symbol that is not automatically provided, yet it is a symbol that represents
the striving to achieve, develop and attaining of certain qualities and attributes.
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© Damien Martin
KATA
INTRODUCTION
Kata, sometimes called 'forms', are sequences of basic martial arts movements, stances,
strikes and counter strikes, designed to pass on the knowledge and skills of masters to
students. To view, they conjure the appearance of the practitioner fighting several
opponents at the same time. Kata are akin to a concentrated catalogue of techniques and
strategies and to learn them to perfection (and great emphasis is placed on this) takes
years of conscientious study and training. During the development of martial arts, kata
were used as a convenient way for the practitioner to remember effective combinations of
strikes, blocks, evasions, kicks, locks, throws and feints.
Practitioners generally commence kata study with the simplest form and gradually work
their way through the more complex forms over time. Experts agree that well executed
kata resemble meditation in motion.
Kata as we know them today come from the old style Okinawan Tou-di (predecessor of
karate). Tou-di was totally based on self-defence applications. There were no tournaments
and no sparring. The instructor had small groups of committed students to whom they
taught small series of brutal, effective and holistic methods of fighting. This was primarily
done through the practice of standardised two-person training drills called tegumi. Kata
evolved as a way for the advanced student to practice the tegumi alone and at full speed
and power. The kata in and of themselves did not teach the application, only preserved the
details.
Much of the meaning of the old toudi kata and tegumi was lost when karate went from
Okinawa to Japan in the early 20th Century. Karate was simplified and standardised to
provide a framework for rigorous physical training, mental discipline, nationalistic zeal and
sporting competition. New forms were developed for school children, which were simpler
and safer.
Add to this the effect of the Second World War. The Japanese commenced teaching
karate to westerners after their defeat in this war. This had an effect on the why and what
of kata.
ROLE OF KATA IN TRAINING
The detractors of Kata often justify their position by saying things like ―you can‘t use a kata
in a real fight‖ or ―kata is boring‖. This is the language of ignorance. On the surface, to the
uninitiated this could seem to be true. It is only after developing a deeper understanding of
the methodology of kata that this form of training reveals its true value.
Kata contain the techniques of a martial arts system, much like a handbook. There are no
symbolic movements in kata and every move has a specific technique attached to it. Some
instructors lack depth of knowledge of the kata and misinterpret their meaning and
application. The true meaning of the kata is found in the bunkai – the practical applications
of the kata techniques.
The training and practice of kata enables the practitioner to develop good posture and
balance. It develops fluidity, timing, grace and power. At the higher levels of understanding
kata is zanshin – moving meditation. With the correct approach to kata, that is to put in
100% effort and to visualise every technique and its application, the student will be training
© Damien Martin
35
their mind and body to respond without conscious thought – the state of mushin (‗no
mind‘).
Kata begin with the following primary assumptions3:
1.
That the kata commenced with a forced confrontation. The kata almost
always commence as a response to being grabbed or some other form of
unavoidable encounter. Remember the concept of ‗karate ni sente nashi‟.
2.
That attacks usually following a pattern referred to as the habitual acts of
physical violence4. These include lapel grabs, front chokes, rear chokes,
front bear hugs, rear bear hugs and so on. The assumption is that the
attacker is unskilled in the martial arts and is simply angry or stupid enough
to attack someone.
3.
Kata responses attack common anatomical vulnerabilities. These
vulnerabilities include pressure points, effector nerve motor points, joints,
blood vessels and so on. Kata technique relies on exploiting these
vulnerabilities in its brutal, effective and simple applications.
4.
Kata relies on predetermined responses by attacking the common
anatomical vulnerabilities in response to the habitual acts of physical
violence, in situations of forced confrontation. In modern parlance these
predetermined responses are referred to as stimulus response training.
Again the emphasis is on attaining mushin.
The primary application of kata techniques was usually completed with the end in mind –
usually an exit technique such as a throw or similar.
GŌKI-KAI KATA
The kata in Gōki-Kai come from the Okinawan system of Goju Ryu. Some have undergone
some minor modifications, primarily in stance. These modifications reflect the raising of the
stances for the western manner of living (i.e., we don‘t sit on the floor).
Each kata has a name and generally spans for around a minute. Kata movements are
typically performed in lines rather than circles, and movements are forward, backward,
sideways or diagonal from the beginning position. Strategies and techniques performed in
one direction are often also conducted in the opposite axis providing a sense of symmetry.
Kata demands, from the practitioner, perfection in balance, timing, focus and economy and
also harmony of the breath, body and spirit. Kata are designed to be undertaken alone so
that it is the 'self' who confronts the practitioner. It is common though (and quite effective)
to view kata performed at the same time by many practitioners.
Richard Kim, an expert and author on the subject of Kata, explains that kata create the
possibility of attaining a spiritual goal through constant practice and that this goal is the
overcoming of 'the self'. After many years of study, if the practitioner finds that he or she
can perform a kata without thinking about it at all, a goal has been achieved. He explains
that the kata then performs itself, without interference from the performer's 'self'.
Ultimately, bodily control is achieved without feeling or thought, and this enhances the
practitioner's control of any situation, martial or otherwise.
3
Adapted from Driscoll, D (2000) KATA – A new look at an old tradition, The Harmoniser, pp. V-VII, Vol. 4,
issue
4
A term coined by Hanshi Patrick McCarthy of Koryu Uchinadi Kempo Jutsu and the International Ryukyu
Karate Research Society.
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GEKISAI DAI ICHI
The term "Gekisai" means to attack and destroy. There are two Gekisai Kata;
"Gekisai Dai Ichi" was created by Miyagi Chojun and Nagamine Shoshin in 1940 for
induction into the middle schools of Okinawa as an introduction Kata and to help
standardize Karate-do.
This kata was developed around 1940 and aimed to help spread Goju to the public. The
literal meaning is to "attack and smash."
Gekisai literally translates to
 Attack and smash, number one (or two)
 Attack, crush, number one (or two)
 Attack and subdue with closed palms
 Smash and destroy, number one
GEKISAI DAI NI
"Gekisai Dai Ni" was a sole creation of Miyagi Chojun based Gekisai Dai Ichi to
introduce advanced and Goju Ryu specific techniques.
This kata was developed around 1940 and aimed to help spread Goju to the public.
The literal meaning is to "attack and smash."
Gekisai literally translates to
 Attack and smash, number one (or two)
 Attack, crush, number one (or two)
 Attack and subdue with closed palms
 Smash and destroy, number one
SANCHIN
Sanchin means ‗three battles‘. The first kanji is san and means three. The
second kanji is chin and today it means "battle."
Higaonna Morio Sensei once explained that the original meaning of chin in reference to
Goju-Ryu kata meant "spear hand or spear head." As we know, the three battles-sanchinare of the mind, the body and the spirit. Combined in sanchin kata, we find peace of mind,
body and spirit only if worked properly and under proper instruction.
To amplify the kata Sanchin, it should be noted that there are, in fact, two forms used in
Okinawan Goju. The oldest is that taught by Higaonna Kanryo Sensei which includes a
turning method as well as a slightly different breathing pattern. The second version was
developed by Miyagi Chojun Sensei and it is performed while facing forward only. The
breathing, both inhalation and exhalation, are slower as are the individual movements
within the kata.
Kata Sanchin was brought back from China by Kanryo Higaonna in the late 1800's.
Sanchin means "three battles". The three generally accepted as being the body, mind and
spirit. It is the fundamental Kata of Goju-Ryu.
Sanchin is the absolute base and signature Kata of Goju-Ryu Karatedo, the foundation
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Kata of the eight original Naha-te forms are based (Sanchin, Sanseiru, Shisochin, Seisan,
Superinpe, etc). It contains the key elements of 'ki', 'soku' and 'tai', which are necessary for
any and all martial arts as well as the absolute basic techniques of Naha-te. Not being a
Kata of Self Defense rather a Kata for Tanren adapted from Chinese Chi Kung.
The key features of this Kata are the combination of hard dynamic tension with deep
breathing, concentrating strength in the Tanden which is very characteristic of the GojuRyu Karatedo. The hard audible (Ibuki) breathing conditions and exercises internal organs
while the isometric tension and contraction conditions the muscles and develops proper
form.
Just as it is correct that everything in Budo begins and ends in bowing, Goju-Ryu Karatedo
can begin and end in Sanchin
There are two variations of Sanchin Kata in use. One is the original version known as
Higaonna Sanchin, and the other is a modified version, Miyagi Sanchin with some
changes made by Chojun Miyagi.
TENSHO
Tensho is a relatively new kata and was created by Miyagi Chojun Sensei after
his research in Fuzhou, China, between 1917 and 1921.
The name "tensho" literally means "rotating palms" and is also known as "rokkisho" (sixmachine-palm). It is a high level breath control and hand technique kata.
Tensho was created by Chojun Miyagi to compliment Sanchin. It is a combination of hard
dynamic tension with deep breathing and soft flowing hand movements, concentrating
strength in the Tanden, and is very characteristic of the Goju-Ryu style. Chojun Miyagi
Sensei was inspired by the style; Rokkishu a Chinese boxing system, in the development
of Tensho.
Contrary to Sanchin, Tensho is deceptive in its soft and fluid motions, contains and aims to
study "Ki, Soku and Tai" as same as Sanchin and several Uke techniques and attacking
techniques.
To the student being introduced to Tensho, it should be relative and thought of as a hard
kata with less rigid movements and equal tension.
SAIFA
This kata uses the same kanji found in Gekisai kata and is essentially and
advanced version of the Gekisai kata utilising more tai sabaki movements.
The second portion of the name is traditionally pronounced "ha." but due to the Okinawan
influence, it is pronounced "fa," giving us saifa. It means to "smash or beat‖ or "destroy
and tear". The most common translation of Saifa is ‗to destroy by pulverising‘. There are
several bottom-fist and back-fist strikes in saifa, which is a more aggressive kata.
The word "Saifa" means Saifa is of Chinese origin, brought back to Okinawa in the late
1800's by Kanryo Higaonna. Saifa is the first of the eight "Kaishu" or open handed Kata in
the curriculum of Goju Ryu Karatedo.
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SEIYUNCHIN
Seiyunchin kata once again uses the "chin" of Sanchin kata. In this case it is
combined with sei and yun (also pronounced "in") to form the name
seiyunchin. It means "to pull off balance and fight."
Seiyunchin is a very old Chinese kata and its origins are probably in the Hsing-i internal
system. Mostly consisting of transitions in and out of low stances and escaping techniques
with no kicks, a very unusual feature.
As the name also translates 'walk far and conquer', Seiyunchin covers a large amount of
distance in its performance.
SHISOCHIN
Shisochin also uses the same kanji for "chin" as in Sanchin. In this case it is
combined with the kanji shi (four) and so (redirection) to form shisochin or
"four-face battle" or "battle in four directions".
It is of Chinese origin, taught to Kanryo Higaonna by RyuRyuko. It is said to be one of
Chojun Miyagi's favourite kata in his later years, and that it was well suited to his body.
An advanced level Kata, Shisochin as its translations indicates, concentrates on only four
directions of embusen however adjusting from these four directions quickly.
SANSEIRU
Sanseiru represents the number thirty-six (6x6=36), or more specifically, ―36
hands‖ or ―36 movements‖. The first six represents the eyes, ears, nose,
tongue, body and spirit; the second six represents colour, voice, taste, smell, touch, and
justice. Sanseiru develops low kicks and double hand techniques.
As in Shisochin, Sanseiru focuses on fighting in all four directions and develops rooted
stances.
Depending on who is counting and what they are counting, many teachers note that there
are thirty six sets of movements in this Kata and some researchers believe this is rooted in
the Shaolin temples 36 Habitual Acts of Personal Violence.
SEPAI
Sepai represents the number eighteen (3x6=18). The literal translation is ―18
hands‖ or ―18 movements‖.
The six in this case is the same as the second six in Sanseiru (colour, voice, taste, smell,
touch, and justice), while the three represents good, bad and peace. Sepai is made up of a
variety of unusual hand, foot and body techniques.
KURURUNFA
Kururunfa was handed down to us from Ryu Ryuko Sensei to Higaonna
Kanryo Sensei, but the original creator of this kata is unknown.
Kururunfa contains a wide variety of open-hand techniques and especially hand/hip
coordination techniques. Kururunfa is an advanced kata brought back from China. It
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features Tai Sabaki (evasive manoeuvres) and very quick movement.
Kata Kururunfa is one of the original kata from Ryuruko Sensei taught to him while in
Fuzchou in the Fukien Province of China and was handed down to Higaonna Kanryo
Sensei and on to Miyagi Chojun. The original creator of this Kata is unknown.
When translated it can mean:
 Holding your ground.
 Ku (long) ru (hold) run (sudden) fa (break)
 Forever stops
 Peaceful and tearing (tearing & shatter share the same Kanji)
The most common translation is ―holding on long and striking suddenly‖. The many
movements in Kururunfa include tai sabaki or evasive manoeuvres and are very quick
followed by heavy movements (hard followed by soft) similar to Sesan and a wide variety
of other motions (many open hand) both attacking and defending or trapping. Kururunfa
also utilizes a combination coordinated with hip movements. Kururunfa teaches
exceptional balance and transitions from one stance to another. Its close in hooking
blocks and grappling manoeuvres are reminiscent of Sepai. This is the second to the
highest of all Goju-Ryu Kata.
SESAN
Sesan represents the number thirteen. Thirteen is a prime number, and in
China is a number representing good luck and prosperity. Sesan is an aesthetic
kata epitomizing the ideals of Goju-Ryu by utilizing a number of hard and soft
techniques.
Sesan translates as ―13 hands‖ or ―13 movements‖ and was known as another one of
Miyagi Chojun Sensei‘s favourite Kata. Sesan contains many unusual techniques and
demonstrates the difference between Go (Hard) and Ju (Soft).
A different version is practised in Shotokan (Hangetsu) and in Wado Ryu (Seishan). Sesan
was also the favourite kata of the famous Shinzato Jin'an Sensei.
Sesan focuses on many heavier techniques which involve close range uke and kakae,
short strikes, low kicks, grabbing and controlling an attacker while striking a vulnerable part
of the body. The thirteen primary techniques (eight defensive and five offensive) change
direction multiple times to make Seisan balanced in principle, application, technique and
embusen.
SUPARINPEI
Suparinpei represents the number 108 (3x36=108) and means ―108
hands‖ or ―108 movements‖. The number 108 has special significance in
the metaphors of Buddhism.
It is believed that man has 108 evil passions and so in Buddhist temples on December 31,
at the stroke of midnight, a bell is rung 108 times to drive away those spirits. The number
108 is calculated from 36 x 3. The symbolism of the number 36 is the same as in Sanseiru
(eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and spirit; colour, voice, taste, smell, touch, and justice).
It is also believed that Suparinpei could be in reference of the 108 men who robbed from
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the rich and gave to the poor in the 1600‘s along the county side of China. Suparinpei by
reference could also hold a meaning of 108 men each with a different evil passion or all of
these together.
The 108 men who joined forces to fight their 108 passions, they ended up being called
‗vigilantes‘ and also studied a martial art which had 108 movements (3x3x3 again!)
Suparinpei (another direct contact to the 108 men who travelled throughout the country
side in China in the 1600‘s). It is also believed that Kata Suparinpei used to consist of
three different Kata; being Jo, Chu and Ge.
Suparinpei is Goju Ryu's longest kata. It utilizes a large number of techniques, including
breath control, and it contains the greatest number of applications and depth of meaning.
The number 108 has a significant calculation of 6 X 36, the number 36 is significant from
Kata Sanseiru and the number 3 exemplifies past, present, and the future. The number 3
is also significant in ALL aspects of Goju Ryu clearly evident in Kata Sanchin (three
battles!).
The highest kata in the Goju Ryu Karate-do curriculum, kata Suparinpei (also sometimes
pronounced Suparenpei) is one of the original Kata from Ryu Ryu Ko Sensei taught to him
while in Fuchow in the Fukien Province of China and was handed down to Higaonna
Kanryo Sensei and on to Miyagi Chojun. It is one of only four kata still pronounced in its
Chinese form. Visually it is similar to the Chinese White Crane Kata and the Kempo Kata
of the Dragon! Its Okinawa counterpart is Pecchurin found in Mubini Kenwa Sensei‘s Shito
Ryu and has the exact same pattern and almost the exact same movements.
Suparinpei is the longest (standard) kata of Goju Ryu (and therefore Gōki-Kai) containing
more applications and techniques than any other kata and uses classic Goju Ryu
breathing however silent (Ibuki). Sticky Palms (Kakie), Tenshin, Hayakunai, Sabaki
techniques, breaks, offensive countermeasures, and even has two additional kicks which
are not found in any other Goju Ryu Kata.
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THE EIGHT PRECEPTS OF THE FIST
The Kempo Hakku was a favourite poem of Miyagi Chojun Sensei. It was the 13th article
from the ancient Chinese text, the Bubishi. Around 1930, Miyagi Sensei named his method
of Té, Goju-Ryu, from the third line of this poem.
8. Mimi wa yoku happo wo kiku.
7. Me wa shiho wo miru wa yosu.
6. Shintai wa hakarite riho su.
5. Te wa ku ni ai sunawachi hairu.
4. Mi wa toki ni shitagai hen ni ozu.
3. Ho wa goju wo tondo su.
2. Ketsumyaku wa nichigetsu ni
nitari.
1. Jinshin wa tenchi ni onaji.
The ears listen well in all directions
The eyes do not miss even the
slightest change.
The feet must advance and retreat,
separate and meet.
Techniques will occur in the absence
of conscious thought.
Act in accordance with time and
change.
The way of inhaling and exhaling is
both hard and soft.
The circulatory rhythm of the body is
similar to the cycle of the sun and the
moon.
The mind is one with heaven and
earth.
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TRAINING APPARATUS
Gōki-Kai instructors pride ourselves in giving our students the best facilities, training and
opportunities to develop themselves to their physical and mental peak. All of our class
instructors are highly qualified in the principles of athletic development and sport
psychology and hold at least the minimum level of Certificate III with many holding higher
level qualifications.
We utilise the best of the old and the new to enable our students to achieve their potential.
Hojo Undo
'Hojo undo' means literally "supplementary training".
These should be practiced as often as possible in
order to achieve effective techniques and to prepare
the body (and mind) for combat situations. 'Hojo
undo' is one of the things that separates traditional
karate from sport karate, so that techniques can be
delivered with devastating effectiveness without
causing any harm to the karateka yet rendering the
assailant incapable of continuing his attack. The aim
is to achieve the one blow - one win situation.
Various traditional training aids are used for 'hojo undo'. They must be used regularly in
order to achieve the desired effect.
An excellent text on the topic is Hojo Undo by Mike Clarke.
Makiwara - punching board
The Makiwara is by far most commonly used by the most
serious karate-ka. A traditional makiwara is made from a
tapered piece of wood with a rice straw cover for striking
although today we mostly use a leather cover. If you do
not have access to a fixed makiwara then modern focus
pads may be used, although not an ideal substitute they
will improve timing and distance whilst moving.
Often, the visible signs of makiwara training are callused
knuckles and hands but the main idea is to strengthen
the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints to improve focus and
power in striking techniques. Proper makiwara training
also improves bone density of the striking surface as the
body is forced to adapt to the training.
Makiwara training should be built up over a period of months before full power is used.
Incorrect makiwara training can cause great physiological damage to your hands and
health in general. It is a common misconception that the aims of makiwara training is to
produce large callused knuckles which are impervious to impact. These physical trophies
are supposed to be indicators of strength and power. This is an incorrect perception!
Whilst makiwara training can produce callused knuckles that could sustain tremendous
impact and cause great damage, it is merely a by-product of the training itself and not the
object. There is much more to this method of training than the mere physical condition of
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one‘s hands.
The makiwara is as old as karate itself, and is primarily an Okinawan training tool that was
imported to mainland Japan by Okinawan masters who were responsible for introducing
their art of Okinawa Te (Okinawan hand). Gichin Funakoshi, the father of Shotokan
Karate, in his biography, clearly states that "I think I am in no way exaggerating when I say
that practice with the makiwara is the keystone in the creation of strong weapons."
Motobu Choku Sensei, a famous Okinawan karate-ka who was renowned for his fighting
ability, had this to say about the makiwara, "Makiwara is a vital piece of equipment for a
karate student to exercise his skill." It is not un-common, on Okinawa, to find makiwara in
people‘s backyards, and to hear the pounding of a makiwara. To a karate-ka wishing to
develop into a complete martial artist, makiwara training is vital and absolutely necessary.
The practice of fresh air punching only, never gives one the true feeling of actually striking
or punching and opponent. This type of training also encourages bad striking and
punching habits as there is no measure between your technique and end-result.
Most modern schools use kickboxing type gloves and kickboxing techniques which are
derived from sporting applications and require hand wrapping and protective gloves to
prevent injury. In a real self defence situation you cannot stop to wrap your hands and it is
unlikely you will alter your punching technique in the heat of battle – remember, how you
train is how you fight!
Human heads are made up of bones and cartilage and is mostly hard and solid, similar to
a standing makiwara (tachi makiwara). Therefore it is imperative that one‘s hands are
conditioned to resist the impact otherwise the first strike to your opponents head could
damage the bones in your hands or wrist. The makiwara not only aids in strengthening the
hands and arms, but it also helps strengthen ones stance and coordinating ones
breathing. Punching fresh air, or even punching a heavy bag, does not cover all these
aspects.
There are two types of makiwara, the tachi-makiwara and the age-makiwara. The most
common version of the makiwara is the standing makiwara (tachi-makiwara). However,
there are also two types of standing makiwara:
(a) a flat wooden post extending up from the ground with a pad (or straw wrap-around)
on the top. This makiwara is struck from the front only.
(b) the other type of standing makiwara is constructed of a round pole which is set into
the ground as well. Straw padding is wound around the pole, and it can be hit from
all sides.
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Chi'ishi - strength stone
The chi‘ishi origins are thought to have come from China,
though it is widely used in Okinawa. The chi-ishi consists
of a stone weight with a long wooden handle. The chi‘ishi
enables the karateka to practice very specific
movements from the kata and develop their power,
strength and stamina accordingly.
The length of the handle is determined by either of the
following:
 In an upright position the top of the handle should
come up to the knee joint, or
 if the user hold the chi‘ishi at both ends of the handle the hands should be able to
go to the side of the body as in basic punching.
There are many exercises with chi-ishi for strengthening the grip, shoulders and arms. It
can also be used to condition the forearms by performing Kakie like exercises.
Ishi Sashi - stone padlock
The ishi-sashi is based on a stone padlock formally used in China
and Okinawa and its uses are very similar to modern dumb bells.
Being more stable in design the ishi-sashi can be used also with the
foot to develop the muscles and tendons we use in kicking
techniques. Most of the blocking and striking techniques with the
arms can be performed with the ishi-sashi. This helps to develop
strong shoulder and back muscles and increase ones kime (focus). A
modern version of the ishi-sashi can be made from metal hence the
name Tetsu-Sashi.
Kongoken - iron ring
The kongoken is unique to Okinawan Goju Ryu and was based on a steel ring used by
Hawaiian wrestlers. After seeing this in Hawaii Miyagi Chojun Sensei on his return to
Okinawa decided to develop a similar piece of equipment changing the shape to oval. The
oval shaped kongoken better represented the shape of the human body and a greater
number of exercises may be employed.
The kongoken can weigh from 30Kgs upwards
depending on the user, care must be taken if the
kongoken is too heavy. Exercises may be performed
with a partner or alone. The kongoken helps us to
achieve power in the hips and legs and also helps us
with the strength and co-ordination required to perform
throwing techniques.
Nigiri game - gripping jars
The nigiri game translates as gripping jars. These are specifically designed to develop the
strong grip needed to execute many of the advanced blocking and holding techniques.
They also help to improve the posture and endurance in certain stances. The jars are
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generally cylindrical in design with the width of the upper rim being the width of the users
grip from the tips of the fingers to the inside of the thumb joint. Additional practice calls for
the students to combine moving from one stance to another gripping the additional weights
in the fashion described, suspended at arms length, to assist in developing the legs, upper
body, and in aligning the shoulders and hips for improved kata.
The nigiri game is occasionally used for blocking practice, calling for exceptional strength
in the hands and arms, to hold the weights in the correct position. When students become
proficient at this exercise, the nigiri game may be filled with beans, rice or pebbles to
increase the weights.
Getting custom made nigiri game can be expensive but
rewarding if one can find a potter to undertake the work. The
dimensions are as follows:
 Rim 11cm with a 1.5cm curved lip, this would make
the neck around 9cm
 Width at it's widest 22cm
 Height 30cm
As mentioned previously, the jars may be filled with beans,
rice or pebbles to increase the weights.
Other Hojo Undo Tools
Tou
Bamboo bundle – used for developing powerful spear
ahnd strikes
Sashi Ishi
Literally, heavy stone. The use is much like a heavy
barbell.
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Tetsuwa
Iron rings – for grip and forearm strength
Makiage Kigu
Literally, wrist roller. A weight on a string that is rolled
up and down on a handle. This device can be seen in
some gyms still today and is used to develop grip and
forearm strength.
Testuarei
Dumbells
Junbi Undo
Junbi Undo (preliminary exercises) is the warm up exercises of developed by Goju Ryu
founder Miyagi Chojun Sensei in conjunction with leading doctors of his time. The junbi
undo exercises are very sport specific and as legitimate today as they were 100 years ago.
Junbi undo consists of a systematic full body series of exercises designed to warm up,
strengthen, stretch, condition, co-ordinate and prepare the karate practitioner‘s body and
mind for the challenges of karate training and the rigours of self defence.
The junbi undo exercises were compiled and developed by Miyagi Chojun after years of
research and consultation with physicians and other Sensei. Contained within these
exercises are a variety of karate kihon (basics) that include stances, strikes, punches,
blocks, and kicks. Junbi undo exercises also develop Qigong, pronounced ―Chi Kung‖
(practice of internal and external universal energy) and Kokyu-Ho (inhale/exhale breathing
method).
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Most of the exercises involve the use of one‘s own bodyweight, as well as (sometimes)
that of a partner.
Modern Methods
Gōki-Kai utilises the best of the old, and the new. Our training programs include elements
of weightlifting (not bodybuilding – there is a difference), yoga, pilates, ginastica natural
(from Brazil) and much, much more. The following pages will give you an idea of what we
do. See you instructor for program development and consultation if you wish.
Exercise
Description
Skipping rope – for cardiovascular fitness, stamina,
light footwork and low level plyometric training.
Weightlifting – compound lifts using fast movements,
lo reps and high weights. To develop explosive speed
and power. Primary lifts are:
 Squat,
 Power clean,
 Deadlift, and
 Bench press
Power bag – explosive power development using a
sand filled cordura bag. Run, lift, jump, kick and so on.
Ginastica natural – natural gymnastics from Brazil.
Developed to develop and maintain the fitness and
suppleness of the Brazilian Jiu Jitsu fighters.
Movements are a combination of yoga, wrestling drills
and gymnastics and are named after various animals.
This is quite a workout.
The agility ladder – developing fast foot speed and
reactive speed for attack and defence in martial arts.
Reaction ball – the unusual device never bounces the
same way twice. Works hand/eye coordination as well
as developing fast foot speed and reactive speed for
attack and defence in martial arts.
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Interval sprints – short duration intervals to develop
the underpinning fitness elements of short brutal street
situations, as well as longer sprints to develop stamina
and speed in the ring. Very effective, never popular.
Kettlebells – a Russian implement based on a
cannonball with a handle. Extremely effective and
increasingly popular in the 21st century.
Plyometrics – tuck jumps, box drops, clap pushups
and more. Power development at its very best.
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PHILOSOPHY
The philosophy of martial arts is inherently pacifistic. One of the key principles of martial
arts is ―Karate ni sente nashi‖ - there is no first attack in karate. All of the great masters
taught this principle. For many years it has been misinterpreted to mean that you must wait
for the attacker to strike before you defend yourself - this is incorrect! The attacker initiates
an attack with their intention, you are legally and morally entitled to defend yourself once
you are aware that you have no other option, that the situation is going to get physical.
Karate ni sente nashi means simply that the trained martial artist should not, and must not,
look for trouble.
BUSHIDO
Bushido means ―Way of the Warrior‖. The Bushido that we know today is largely a myth
created by an early 20th century Japanese scholar, Inazo Nitobe. This is not to say that it is
without value. The virtues espoused as ideals by Nitobe form the heart of the philosophy of
Gōki-Kai Karate-Do. There are eight primary principles of Bushido. These are:
 Honour,
 Loyalty,
 Truth and Sincerity,
 Benevolence,
 Self-Control,
 Etiquette,
 Courage, and
 Justice.
An excellent book on the subject is: Morgan, Forrest. Living the Martial Way: A Manual for
the Way a Modern Warrior Should Think. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 1992.
There is much mystery and mystique attached to the principles of bushido, much of it is
overly theoretical and complex. Let‘s look at each virtue:
Honour
Doing what you say you will do. As simple as that.
Loyalty
Loyalty to family, friends, Dojo mates, instructor etc. Loyalty is a two way street and
involves mutual respect.
Truth and Sincerity
Veracity is the key term. Habitual truthfulness.
Benevolence
Being well meaning and kindly. Looking after those less fortunate than yourself.
Self-Control
Self-discipline. Doing something you don‘t want to do simply because you know you
should or, not doing something you want to do, because you know you shouldn‘t.
Ettiquette
Manners and social graces.
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Courage
Not the absence of fear but the facing of fear. Courage to stand up for what is right.
Justice
Not legality but morality. Knowing the difference between right and wrong and striving to
do the right thing.
THE FIVE RINGS
The five rings refer to a thesis written by the great swordsman, Miyamoto Musashi, in
1645. The book was titled Go Rin No Sho, the ‗Book of Five Rings‘.
Miyamoto Musashi
Musashi was born in 1584. His full name was Shinmen Musashi No Kami Fujiwara No
Genshin. Being of Fujiwara blood made him a member of a prominent noble family, the
lineage can be traced back over a thousand years.
At the age of seven, after both of his parents died, Musashi was placed in the care of his
uncle, a warrior priest. After six years in this strict environment he had his first duel. The
Samurai he fought was named Arima Kihei. He is said to have been skilled with sword and
spear. Musashi, who was large for his age, threw the man to the ground and beat him to
death with a stick.
At the age of 19, after winning a number of other duels,
Musashi fought in the last battle to be fought in Japan. On
the losing side. Somehow he managed to survive the
massacre of over 70 thousand men and the hunting down
of survivors.
His single combats to the death continued, by the time he
was thirty years old he had fought and killed over sixty
opponents, most of whom were warriors of renown. It was
about this time that Musashi stopped using real swords in
his duels, and proved that he was invincible using sticks
against swords.
Having mastered the art of fighting, he delved into other
arts, producing masterpieces in sculpture, ink painting,
calligraphy and wood sculpture. He wrote, "Study the way
of all professions"‖ It is evident that he did just that as he
sought out not only great swordsmen, but priests,
strategists, artists, and craftsmen, always eager to
broaden his knowledge.
He died of old age at age 61.
GO RIN NO SHO
Musashi wrote of swordsmanship in such a manner that it is possible for the beginner to
study at beginner‘s level, and for masters to study the same words at a higher level. This
applies not only to military strategy, but all aspects of life.
As the title implies the book is in five sections, named after the five elements of Taoist
philosophy:
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Earth – Know yourself and your way completely.
Water – Seemingly fluid but internally unchanged.
Fire – Strategy. The what, when, how and why.
Wind – Know your enemy completely.
Void – The end of the beginning. What goes around comes around.
Musashi asserts that one cannot attain Heiho (the path to enlightenment and
understanding) without knowing all five books completely.
The Go Rin No Sho should be considered compulsory reading for any aspiring warrior.
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RECOMMENDED READING
Go Rin No Sho (The Book of Five Rings) by Miyamoto Musashi (edited by Thomas
Cleary) (1994), Shambhala Publications; ISBN: 0877739986
The Unfettered Mind by Takuan Soho
The Art of War by Sun Tzu
Bubishi translated by Patrick McCarthy, Tuttle Publishing; ISBN: 0804820155
The Budo Karate of Mas Oyama by Cameron Quinn (1987), Coconut Productions; ISBN
0731611195
Bushido by Inazo Nitobe (edited by Charles Lucas) (1979) Ohara Publication; ISBN:
0897500318
Living the Martial Way by Forrest E. Morgan (1992) Barricade Books inc;
ISBN0942637763
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THE GRADING SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
The story goes that in the early days of karate there were no belts as such. A student wore
whatever clothing was comfortable and in the manner of the times a belt was used to keep
the jacket closed. The cheapest cloth was undyed, an off-white colour. This made a cheap
and easy ‗obi‘ for training. Over time, with hard training and the sweat of effort and
perseverance, the obi got stained darker until one day, after many years of training, it was
black. This darkening of the belt led to the development of the coloured belt system we
know today.
In reality, Kano Jigoro, the founder of Judo, developed the coloured belt system in the late
19th Century. Prior to this, the belt was simply to hold the training uniform closed. He
developed a simple system which initially consisted of a white students belt, and a black
instructors belt. This soon evolved into a more complex system of ranks, colours and titles.
Kano was emphatic that shodan was in fact a new beginning in the practitioners study of
the martial arts.
Funakoshi Gichin, the ‗father‘ of modern karate, adopted Kano‘s grading system when he
introduced Okinawan karate to Japan. Funakoshi adapted the Kano system and
introduced the first pragmatic grading examination system that we would recognise today.
This system has now been adopted almost universally in the martial arts community.
It should be noted that Miyagi Sensei, the founder of Goju Ryu, never awarded any black
belts during his lifetime.
Each grading examination that is passed should give a sense of accomplishment and
enables the student to set an attainable goal for the next step in their journey of the Way.
―The coloured belts are awarded in recognition of the training efforts and encourage
the student to continue such endeavours in the future. They are not designed to
feed the ego. Coloured belts also offer incentive to others who may see the belts as
attainable goals towards which their own efforts in training may be directed. Keep in
mind that the belts are nothing more than symbols. Their true significance for the
students should not lie in simply gaining the belts themselves but understanding
and adopting what each belt represents5‖
The grading system in Gōki-Kai is structured in such a way as to allow the novice student
to set achievable goals and for all practitioners to chart their physical, intellectual and
esoteric progress.
―One thing which the student should always remember: have faith in the guidance of
your instructor with regard to the timing of gradings. The instructor usually knows
better than you do when you are ready for the next level. Sometimes it may seem
that the requirements of the next step are too much. But if you seize the opportunity
of a challenge, you may surprise yourself by reaching another goal that not long ago
seemed far too difficult to obtain.
5
Quinn, C. (1987), The Budo Karate of Mas Oyama, p. 84, Coconut Productions: Brisbane
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Remember, you will never know what you can do unless you attempt what you can‟t.
As you improve, your ability to acquire the skills of karate-do becomes more rapid.
Any weakness you thought you had will be resolved without too much trouble through
a process of elimination in regular training, provided your training is supported by a
logical basis.6‖
Below black belt the grades are traditionally known as ―kyu‖, meaning ―boy‖. In the GōkiKai system the kyu grades are numbered in descending order starting at 10 th kyu, white
belt, and ending in 1st kyu, brown belt with three black bars.
Belts with bars are essentially progress markers. The stripes are located on both ends of
the belt and are 1cm wide and located 2cm from the end of the belt. Where there are two
stripes they are 1cm apart.
At black the belts levels, or degrees, are called ―dan‖, literally ―man‖. These are numbered
in ascending order from 1st to 10th dan.
The following chapters contain the requirements for attempting each belt. View each set as
a holistic progression within the martial arts. Remember too that the information contained
herein is a minimum requirement and dedicated practice, both in and out of the Dojo, is
required.
Many of the techniques are taught long before they need to be perfected for grading. For
example, a student will learn to fall at white belt but not tested for it until much later, once
they have had time to perfect the technique. They will learn pressure points from white belt
but not tested on that knowledge until blue belt, and so on.
Also, at many levels, the techniques listed are to be found in the application and of the
kata for that kyu grade. Normally you will not demonstrate all of the techniques listed at
grading but you may be requested to demonstrate any or all of them so be prepared.
The path to earning a black belt in our system of martial arts is long and strenuous, but
well worth the journey. Our black belts are as good as any black belt anywhere and can
hold their heads up as examples of excellence in martial arts. We also strive to ensure that
they are excellent people.
GRADES
From the lowest to the highest, the belts are:
Grade
Belt Description
th
10 Kyu
White Belt
1st Yellow Bar
2nd Yellow Bar
9th Kyu
Yellow Belt
1st Orange Bar
2nd Orange Bar
th
8 Kyu
Orange Belt
1st Purple Bar
2nd Purple Bar
7th Kyu
Purple Belt
1st Blue Bar
6
Op. Cit p.85
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6th Kyu
5th Kyu
4th Kyu
3rd Kyu
2nd Kyu
1st Kyu
1st Dan
2nd Dan
3rd Dan
4th Dan:
5th Dan
6th Dan
7th Dan
8th Dan
9th Dan
10th Dan
2nd Blue Bar
Blue Belt
1st Green Bar
2nd Green Bar
Green Belt
1st Brown Bar
2nd Brown Bar
Brown Belt
1st Black Bar
2nd Black Bar
3rd Black Bar
Solid Black Belt. Neither a ‗boy‘ nor a ‗man‘. The ‗void‘. In Gōki-Kai all
black belts have the students name and Gōki-Kai Karate-Do
embroidered in red in Japanese. Gōki-Kai on the right, student name
on the left.
Black belt with red writing.
The belt now turns solid red, no stripes, with black writing.
GRADINGS
Gradings are normally held quarterly. It is up to the student to ensure that they have been
attending training long enough and hard enough to achieve their grading requirements
prior to testing for the belt.
Gradings are by no means automatic.
Prior to attempting each rank a student must have completed an ‗intent to promote form‘
and be authorised to grade by the senior instructor. All fees must be up to date, the official
dogi clean and in good order and all mandatory protective equipment available.
Up to brown belt, belt bar gradings are far less formal than solid belt colour gradings. They
are often done in class or even awarded at formal gradings for extraordinary prowess (i.e.
the student may progress two ranks). Two bars usually denote the student is ready to
attempt the next full coloured belt. For example, two yellow bars on a white belt means the
students should be attempting their yellow belt at the next grading. This at the discretion of
the senior instructor.
Before brown belt the bars are not part of the formal kyu system but denote progress and
the students position in the hierarchy of the school. At brown belt, the black bars added to
the belt are part of the classic kyu/dan system and will be done in a formal grading.
Black belt gradings are held at formal grading ceremonies and will usually be followed by a
‗back to black‘.
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TEACHING RANKS
Teaching ranks are separate from belt rank. These denote the level of study achieved by
the instructing black belts. A teaching rank is akin to a tertiary certificate, Diploma,
Bachelor of Arts, Masters, Ph.D etc. Gōki-Kai does not use all the belt ranks that some
other styles do.
Kanji Japanese Term
Translation
‗Older
Brother‘ or ‗mentor‘.
Sempai
Sensei
Teacher. Literally ‗one who has been before‘. A Bachelor of Arts.
Renshi
Lower level master. Literally ―A person who has mastered
oneself‖. A Masters Degree.
Shihan
Upper level master. Literally ―A teacher of teachers‖. A Ph.D.
Kyoshi
Literally ―Knowledgeable person‖.
Hanshi
Literally ―Master‖. Usually reserved for 9th dans and above.
Soké
Founder
Other titles that may be used include:
Kanchō – Head of a Dojo
Kaichō – Head of a school
In Gōki-Kai Karate-Do we utilise Sempai, Sensei, Renshi, Shihan and Hanshi. A Dojo
head would be the Kancho of that Dojo and the head of the ‗style‘ of Gōki-Kai is the
Kaicho.
OTHER GRADINGS
Black gi‘s and crosses are detailed in a separate section of the handbook. These should
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57
be seen as grading‘s.
Remember, the black gi symbolises toughness. In order to be awarded the black gi the
aspiring student must demonstrate extraordinary physical and mental toughness and
demonstrate that they are willing to train harder than the rest of the class – all the time.
The process is straightforward and is initiated by the student identifying themselves as a
candidate by training harder than everyone else, or by competing in eligible events. Senior
students and instructors within the school may nominate someone for a black gi. Usually
this is not even considered to be an option until at least 5th kyu (green belt).
The black gi assessment then takes place over a period of months (or years) and is a
subjective process. The fastest path to the black gi is to actively compete in the full contact
kumite arena within an acceptable rules framework (ie. Kyokushin or modified Kyokushin
rules). Some students prefer the Muay Thai or Mixed Martial Arts arena to demonstrate
that they are ‗extra-ordinary‘.
USING THIS TEXT
The following chapters are broken up firstly by kyu grade, and then separately into the 1 st
and 2nd bar grade. Each belt rank is further divided into mental development and physical
development sections.
The mental development section looks at things such as the grade quote, instructions from
the masters and any theory or written requirements for the rank.
The physical development section looks at the fitness requirements, the technique
requirements, the self defence applications and the sparring requirements for the rank
being attempted.
Note that mental and physical development requirements are both necessary to progress.
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10th KYU: WHITE BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
GRADE QUOTE
Potential is dormant within; effort will bring it out. Your potential is like a diamond coated in
mud.
PRIMARY PURPOSE OF TRAINING
The making of habits: the establishment of a regular training habit and realizing the
importance of a solid technical foundation.
INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE MASTERS
Those who face the unprepared with preparation are victorious - Sun Tzu
1st YELLOW BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―The first step in a journey of a thousand miles, seemingly the hardest step‖
Anonymous
The making of habits: the establishment of a regular training habit and realizing the
importance of a solid technical foundation.
TECHNICAL PRIORITY FOR GRADING:
Be aware of the Two Laws of Karate Dynamics —
1. Keep the spine upright, the chin down and the head still;
2. Relax the shoulders and maintain the centre of gravity.
WRITTEN REQUIREMENTS
There are no written requirements but the student should be able to recite the Dojo Kun:
We are proud to study Martial Arts;
Following the path of Warrior;
We are training for strength together;
We intend to develop self-discipline to bring out the best in ourselves and others;
We intend to use what we learn constructively and defensively and never be abusive or
offensive.
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS:
3 minutes (60 seconds each on upper, middle and lower body parts).
FITNESS
10 Push-ups
REQUIREMENTS: 10 Sit-ups
3 minute stretching routine
Demonstrate improved flexibility since commencement.
FOOTWORK:
1. Kumite Dachi – Fighting Stance
2. Stamp
3. Blitz
4. Switch
5. Masubi Dachi – Attention Stance
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HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
6. Heisoku Dachi – Normal Stance
7. Heiko Dachi – Parallel Stance
8. Shiko Dachi – Square Stance
9. Zen Kutsu Dachi – Deep Lunging Stance
Offence:
1. Seiken Tsuki - Two knuckle punch
2. Kizami Tsuki - Jab
3. Gyaku Tsuki - Reverse Punch
4. Oi Tsuki - Lunge Punch
1. Mae Geri - Front Kick
2. Mawashi Geri - Round Kick
Nil
Ni
Introduction and practice of basic rolls and falls:
1. Yoko Ukemi - Side Breakfall
2. Ushiro Ukemi - Back Breakfall
3. Mae Ukemi - Front Breakfall
4. Zenpo Kaiten Ukemi - Front Rolling Breakfall
5. Ushiro Kaiten Ukemi - Back Roll
1. A defence for a front kick
2. A defence for a lapel grab
3. A defence for a wrist grab
Ido Kihon Tsuki (Three Step Punching Drill) – Jodan Oi Tsuki,
Chudan Oi Tsuki, Gedan Oi Tsuki
1 x 2 minute rounds of jiyu kumite.
Emphasis on reigi (attitude), kamae (fighting stance), courage, balance and strong kiai.
2nd YELLOW BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Practice a thousand hours and you learn self discipline. Practice ten thousand hours and
you learn about yourself‖
Miyamoto Musashi
Consolidation of training as a part of daily life.
TECHNICAL PRIORITY FOR GRADING
Improve technical ability and fluidity of movement.
Nil
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PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
FITNESS
15 Push-ups
Demonstrate improved flexibility since last grading.
FOOTWORK:
Revision plus:
1. Clock face pattern (Octagon).
Defence:
HANDS:
1. Jodan Age Uke – Upper Block
2. Chudan Uke – Middle Block
3. Gedan Barai – Lower Parry
4. Soto Uke – Centre Block
5. Inside Check (front hand for linear punch)
6. Outside Check (front hand for linear punch)
KICKS:
Revision plus:
1. Sune Uke waza:
a. Roll Check
b. Wedge Check
ELBOWS:
Nil
KNEES
Ni
Standing:
GRAPPLING:
1. Muay Thai style ―pummelling‘ (a.k.a. European drill)
Ground:
Revision plus:
1. Trap and Roll Escape – Mount (L1)
a. Standard variation
b. Punch block variation
c. Headlock variation
d. Open guard pass
SELF DEFENCE: Basic boxing type defensive skills with ducking and weaving.
KATA:
Ido Kihon Uke (Three Step Blocking Drill) – Jodan Age Uke, Chudan
Uchi Uke, Gedan Barai.
SPARRING:
Emphasis on reigi (attitude), kamae (fighting stance), courage, balance and strong kiai.
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9th KYU: YELLOW BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear‖
Mark Twain
Consolidation of training as a part of daily life.
Position. Having all the body parts in the right place at the right time.
Nil
…the ability to gain victory by changing and adapting according to the opponent is called
genius - Sun Tzu
a.
b.
c.
d.
FITNESS REQUIREMENTS
20 Push-ups
20 Sit-ups
PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES
FITNESS
20 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
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Revision
Revision plus:
1. Head kick defence/parry
Revision plus:
1. Yoko Geri - Side Kick
2. Mikazuki Geri - Crescent Kick (also called Ko Geri)
3. Ushiro Geri - Back Kick
Nil
1. Hiza Geri – ‗Free‘ Knee Kick
2. Mae Hiza Geri – Front Knee Kick
Standing:
Revision plus:
1. Muay Thai knee grappling
2. Defences for Thai grappling
3. ‗Jagging‘ and advanced grappling applications
© Damien Martin
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Ground:
Revision plus:
1. Americana Armlock – Mount (L2)
a. Basic Application (Preparation Drill)
b. Standard Variation
c. Neck-hug Variation
Increase in boxing skills with addition of integrated leg checking and
building the Muay Thai ‗Wall‖.
San Dan Gi
Emphasis on an understanding of correct reigi (etiquette), Kamae (posture and stability),
courage and strong kiai.
1st ORANGE BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Tomorrows battle is won with today‘s practice‖
Samurai maxim
Consolidation of previous gains
Fudo! Power and progress are built on a solid foundation.
Nil
FITNESS
25 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
Revision plus:
1. Hanzenkutsu Dachi – Half Lunging Stance
2. Sanchin Dachi – Three Battle Stance
HANDS:
Revision plus:
1. Uraken Tsuki – Backfist
2. Shuto – Knife hand
KICKS:
Revision
ELBOWS:
1. Hiji Age Uchi – Uppercut Elbow
2. Mawashi Hiji – Round Elbow
3. Uwate Hiji Empi – Overhand Elbow
KNEES
Revision
Standing
GRAPPLING:
Revision plus:
1. O Soto Gari – Outer Reaping Throw
Ground:
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SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Revision plus:
1. Positional Control – Mount (L3)
a. Hips and Hands (Preparation Drill)
b. Anchor and Base
c. Low Swim
d. High Swim
Revision plus:
1. Morote Uke – Augmented block (a.k.a. SPEAR concept)
Gekisai Dai Ichi pattern
3 x 2 minute rounds of jiyu kumite
2nd ORANGE BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
The more you sweat in training the less you bleed in battle.
Ancient Roman Legionnaires Motto
Further build on the basic techniques developed previously.


Balance. Controlling the position in motion by keeping the balance centred within
yourself. Take the basic body positions of 9th kyu and move from one to another
without loss of control.
Fluidity in motion. Control of position and balance creates perfect leverage to allow the
body to generate maximal force.
Nil
FITNESS
30 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
Revision plus:
1. Development of Tai-Sabaki style body shifting to avoid
attacks.
HANDS:
Revision plus:
1. Shotei – Palm Heel
KICKS:
Revision
ELBOWS:
Revision
KNEES
Revision
Standing:
GRAPPLING:
Revision plus:
1. De Ashi Barai – Front Foot Sweep
Ground:
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SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
© Damien Martin
1. Take the Back – Mount (L4)
a. Take the Back
b. Remount Technique
Revision plus:
1. Shredder concept
2. use of effective offense as a defence.
Gekisai Dai Ichi Bunkai
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8th KYU: ORANGE BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―What I do today is very important to me as I sacrifice a day in my life for it‖
Roman Neubacher (Zen Do Kai Rokudan)
The development of an improved sense of fluidity.
The four major weapons (left and right hands, left and right legs), work as a single unit.
Every action has an opposite and equal reaction — left and right, forward and back, upper
and lower. The body counterbalances diagonally.
Nil


The individualist without strategy who takes opponents lightly will inevitably become
the captive of others - Sun Tzu
In the world there is nothing more submissive and weak as water. Yet for attacking
that which is hard and strong nothing can surpass it - Tao Te Ching
FITNESS
30 Push-ups
Demonstrate improved flexibility since last grading
FOOTWORK:
Revision
Strikes
HANDS:
Revision plus:
1. Ura Tsuki - Body Rip
2. Kagi Tsuki - Hook Punch
Strikes
KICKS:
Revision
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
66
Defence
Revision plus:
1. Sune Uke waza:
a. Roll Check
b. Wedge Check
c. High Roll Check
d. High Wedge Check
e. Front Check
f. Cross Check.
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Mawashi Hiza Geri – Round Knee Kick
Standing:
© Damien Martin
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Revision plus:
1. Uke Goshi – Minor Hip Throw
2. O Goshi – Major Hip Throw
3. Ippon Seionage – One Armed Shoulder Throw
Ground:
1. Rear Naked Choke – Back Mount (L5)
a. Basic Application
b. Strong Side Variation
c. Weak Side Variation
Revision
Gekisai Dai Ichi + Bunkai
Emphasis on courage, kiai, movement with controlled balance and fluid footwork,
coordination between the hands and feet.
1st PURPLE BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―The five secrets of Japanese Goju:
Move Quickly
Sound, clam mind
Be light in body
Have a quick, clever mind
Master the basics‖
Yamaguchi Gogen
The development of an improved sense of fluidity.
The development of fluid and tactically sound combinations.
Nil
FITNESS
35 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
Revision plus:
1. Nekoashi Dachi – Cat Stance
HANDS:
Revision plus:
1. Hiki uke – hooking block
KICKS:
Revision
ELBOWS:
Revision
KNEES
Revision
GRAPPLING:
Revision plus:
Standing:
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SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Shoots:
1. Single Leg Shoot
2. Sprawl defence for leg shoots
3. Leg Hook Takedown – Standing (L6)
a. Clinch Control (Preparation Drill)
b. Leg Hook Takedown
Ground:
1. Guard and variations – inner guard, outer guard etc.
2. Basic control drill (i.e. mount - dismount - side hold - front
hold - side hold - switch base and mount).
3. Kami Shiho Gatame – Upper 4 Quarters Hold
4. Yoko Shiho Gatame – Side 4 Quarters Hold
5. Kesa Gatame – Scarf Hold
6. Kata Gatame – Shoulder Hold
Revision plus basic ground defence where you are down and the
opponent is standing (under pressure).
Gekisai Dai Ni pattern
1 x 2 minute rounds of submission grappling
2nd PURPLE BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Fall down seven times, get up eight‖
Judo maxim
Consolidation of grappling skills.
Development of ability to relax and grapple effectively without utilising too much energy.
Nil
FITNESS
35 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
Revision
HANDS:
Revision
KICKS:
Revision
ELBOWS:
Revision
KNEES
Revision
Standing:
GRAPPLING:
Revision plus:
1. Clinch (Aggressive Opponent) – Standing (L7)
a. Keep the Distance (Preparation Drill)
b. Close the Distance
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Ground:
Revision plus:
1. Mune Gatame – Chest Hold
2. elbow escape
3. bridging escape
4. familiarity with the ginastica natural exercises
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
© Damien Martin
Submissions:
Revision plus:
1. Juji Gatame - Far Arm Bar
2. Ude Gatame - Wrist Lock.
3. Kata Juji Jime - Lapel Choke
4. Okuri Eri Jime - Sliding Lapel Strangle
Revision plus:
1. Escapes from mount (i.e. bridge & roll, skippy hips etc) whilst
under pressure
Gekisai Dai Ni Bunkai
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7th KYU: PURPLE BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―They are skilled in both planning and adapting and need not fear the result of a thousand
battles; for they win in advance, defeating those that have already lost‖
Sun Tzu
Firmly establish the habit of regular training and set daily objectives to aim for.
Consolidation of balance and increased awareness of the control of the centre of gravity.
Test on Japanese terminology to 7th Kyu and test on history of Gōki-Kai
Understand the Five Elements.
1. Earth is the energy of stability and base;
2. Water is the expression of fluidity and adaptability;
3. Fire gives mental volition — the fire in the heart;
4. Wind stands for the sensitivity and perception which allows you to enclose
your opponent like a gale or a breeze;
5. Void is emptiness, the calmness that is the source of all seeing and all
knowledge. It allows you to create from the moment and grasp the truth of
the instant.
FITNESS
40 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
Revision
General proficiency in the Hedgcock Angles padwork drills.
HANDS:
Revision
KICKS:
Revision
ELBOWS:
Revision
KNEES
Revision
Standing:
GRAPPLING:
Revision plus:
1. Thai Style neck control for knees
2. Posting off rear hand.
3. Underhook
Ground:
Revision plus:
1. Knee Ride
2. Knee Ride Hip Escape
3. Punch Block Series – Guard (L8)
a. Stage 1
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b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Submissions:
Revision plus:
1. Straight Armbar Takedown
2. Figure 4 Armbar & variations
Application of the Shredder concept in a simulation environment
Gekisai Dai Ni + Bunkai
Emphasis on courage, kiai, balance, fluid footwork, coordination, counter fighting with
simple but effective combinations. Improvement in smoothness of motion.
1st BLUE BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Receive a blow like flowing water; attack decisively with the attitude of one punch, certain
death‖
Chang Sang Feng
Nil
FITNESS
40 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
© Damien Martin
Revision
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Kansetsu Geri - Knee Joint Kick
Revision
Revision
Standing:
Revision plus:
1. Ko-soto-barai - Outer Leg Hook
2. Koshi Garuma – Hip Wheel
3. Kata Garuma - Shoulder Wheel
71
Ground:
Revision plus:
1. Straight Armlock – Mount (L9)
a. Final control (preparation drill)
b. Standard variation
c. Side variation
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Submissions:
Revision plus:
1. Hadaka Jime – Naked Strangle/Sleeper Hold
2. San Gyaku Gatame – Triangle Arm Bar / Figure 4 Arm Bar
Counters for each of the basic throws to this grade.
Sanchin pattern
2nd BLUE BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Watch your thoughts; they become words.
Watch your words; they become actions.
Watch your actions; they become habits.
Watch your habits; they become character.
Watch your character; it becomes your destiny. ―
Frank Outlaw
Nil
FITNESS
40 Push-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
72
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Hiraken – Chisel Fist
2. Ura Kote – Reverse or Rear Forearm. The little finger side.
3. Hira Kote – Top/Back Forearm
4. Omote Kote – Front Forearm or Inner Forearm. The thumb
edge side that when standing naturally faces to the front.
5. Haito – Ridge Hand
© Damien Martin
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
6. Nukite – Spear Hand
7. Kakate – Heel Strike
8. Kake Uke – Hooking Defence
Revision
Revision
Revision
Standing:
Revision plus:
1. Hiza Garuma - Knee Prop
2. O Garuma - Thrusting Throw
3. Kote Garuma - Wrist Wheel
4. Uchi Mata - Inner Thigh Throw
5. Tomoe Nage - Stomach Throw
6. Kani Basami - Scissor Throw
Ground:
Revision plus:
1. Triangle Choke – Guard (L10)
a. Triangle Finish (Preparation Drill)
b. Stage 1.5 Variation
c. Giant Killer Variation
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
© Damien Martin
Submissions:
Revision plus:
1. Juji Gatame - Bent Leg Lock
2. Ashi Gatame - Ankle Lock
Revision plus:
defences for each of the basic submissions to this grade.
Uke Waza
Tensho pattern
73
6th KYU: BLUE BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
"We confide in our strength, without boasting of it; we respect that of others, without
fearing it." Thomas Jefferson
Learn the value of confronting fears. Look them in the face and they will cease to bother
you.
Coordination. Position + balance in motion with all the body parts moving to the right place
at the right time and moving from the hara/tanden.
Research project of 250-500 words or oral presentation of 8 minutes duration on the
origins, lineage and history of Gōki-Kai.


Subjecting yourself to vigorous training is more for the sake of forging a resolute spirit
that can vanquish the self than it is for developing a strong body - Sosai Mas Oyama
The few are those on the defensive against others, the many are those who cause
others to be on the defensive against themselves - Sun Tzu
6 minutes (120 seconds each on upper, middle and lower body
FITNESS
parts).
REQUIREMENTS: 45 Push-ups
45 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
74
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Jodan Uraken - Uppercut
Revision plus:
1. Kake Geri - Hook Kick
2. Kakato Otoshi Geri - Axe Kick
3. Mikazuki Geri - Crescent Kick (also called Ko Geri)
4. Ushiro Geri - Back Kick
5. Kani Basami - Scissor Kick (throw)
6. Kin Geri – Groin Kick
Revision
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Elevator Sweep – Guard (L11)
a. Standard Variation
b. Headlock Variation
2. Elbow Escape – Mount (L12)
a. Shrimp Drill (Preparation Drill)
© Damien Martin
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
b. Standard Elbow Escape
c. Hook Removal
d. Fish Hook
e. Heel Drag
3. Positional Control – Side Mount (L13)
a. Roll Prevention
b. Guard Prevention
c. Mount Transition
Revision plus:
1. Demonstrate the locations of the following:
a. infra orbital point
b. mandibular angle
c. hypoglossal
d. gall bladder 13, 14 and 15 (Frontal Lobotomy)
e. brachial plexus origin
f. jugular notch
g. brachial plexus clavicular notch
h. brachial plexus tie in
i. suprascapularis
j. ulnar motor point (Triple Warmer 11)
k. radial motor point (Large Intestine 10)
l. medial motor point (Large Intestine 7)
m. liver
n. spleen
o. kidney
p. solar plexus
q. Wrist Motor Point (Lung 8)
r. Gall Bladder 20 (Gerber Slap)
s. Femoral Motor Point
t. Common Peroneal Motor Point
u. Superficial Peroneal Motor Point
v. Tibial Motor Point
Sanchin & Tensho
Emphasis on courage, kiai, smooth footwork coordinated with flowing 3 and 4 technique
combinations, awareness, confidence to initiate attacks, speed
1st GREEN BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Move! One step at a time but always forward‖
Anonymous
you.
© Damien Martin
75
Nil
FITNESS
parts).
45 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
76
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Cross Punch
2. Uwate Tsuki - Overhand Punch
3. Uraken Shita Uchi - Uppercut Rip
4. Chudan Mawashi Tsuki - Hook Rip
5. Tettsui – Hammer Fist
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Ushiro Hijiate - Back Elbow
2. Hiji Oroshi Uchi - Descending (drop) Elbow.
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Body Fold Takedown – Standing (L14)
2. Clinch (Conservative Opponent) – Standing (L15)
a. Surprise Entry
3. Headlock Counters – Mount (L16)
a. Basic Positioning (Preparation Drill)
b. Prevent the Getup
c. Back Mount Finish
d. Armlock Finish
4. Double Leg Takedown – Standing (L17)
b. Aggressive Opponent
c. Conservative Opponent
5. Headlock Escape 1 – Side Mount (L18)
a. Standard Frame Escape
b. Scissor Failure Variation
c. Super Lock Variation
Revision plus:
1. 3 defences for a reverse punch
2. A defence for a bear hug
3. A defence for a side headlock
Saifa pattern
3 x 2 minute rounds of jiyu kumite sparring
© Damien Martin
2
nd
GREEN BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Every person today is the results of their thoughts from yesterday‖ - anonymous
you.
Nil
FITNESS
parts).
45 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
© Damien Martin
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Straight Armlock – Guard (L19)
a. Low Variation
b. High Variation
c. Triangle Transition
2. Double Ankle Sweep – Guard (L20)
a. Knee Thrust Variation
b. Stand up in Base (Preparation Drill)
c. Kick Variation
3. Pull Guard – Standing (L21)
4. Headlock Escape 2 – Side Mount (L22)
a. Standard Leg Hook Escape
b. Super Base Variation
c. Punch Block Variation
Revision
Saifa Bunkai
77
5th KYU: GREEN BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
"Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall‖
Confucius
Develop increased confidence and courage in training through regular attendance and the
desire to take part in kumite and develop mastery of ma-ai (distance), tai-sabaki (offensive
and defensive body movement) and kime (focus).
Consolidation of coordination by developing an awareness of the centre of gravity in
motion. From this point on in training, strive never to lose your balance.
Research project of 250-500 words or oral presentation of 8 minutes duration on the
importance of strength & conditioning training in martial arts.
When you are concentrated into one while the opponent is divided into ten, you are
attacking at a concentration of ten to one, so you outnumber the opponent - Sun Tzu
FITNESS
parts).
50 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
78
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Guillotine Choke – Standing (L23)
b. Standing Variation
c. Guard Pull Variation
2. Shrimp Escape – Side Mount (L24)
a. Block and Shoot Variation
b. Shrimp and Shoot Variation
c. Punch Block Variation
3. Kimura Armlock – Guard (L25)
b. Rider Variation
c. Forced Variation
© Damien Martin
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Revision plus:
1. 5 defences for a reverse punch taken from the forms.
2. A defence each for:
a. a front kick,
b. a round kick and
c. a back kick.
3. 3 defences for a frontal grabbing attack.
Saifa + bunkai
5 x 2 minute rounds of Jiyu Kumite
Emphasis on coordinating the kiai and balanced footwork with flowing combinations. Selfconfidence, courage, speed.
1st BROWN BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―A good stance and posture reflect a proper state of mind‖
Morihei Ueshiba (creator of Aikido)
Nil
FITNESS
parts).
55 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
© Damien Martin
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Headlock Defense – Standing (L26)
2. Punch Block Series (Stage 5) – Guard (L27)
a. Stage 5
b. Rollover Technique
3. Hook Sweep – Guard (L28)
79
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
a. Hook Sweep
b. Sweep Follow-up
4. Rear Takedown – Standing (L29)
a. Achieving the Rear Clinch
b. Rear Takedown
Revision plus:
1. 2 defences for a reverse punch utilising either Mawashi
Uke or Kake Uke with finish off.
2. A defence for a sleeper hold attack
3. A defence for a throat attack
4. A defence for a forward wrist lock
5. A defence for a reverse wrist lock
6. Demonstration of revival techniques for pressure point
knockouts and choked out students
Seiyunchin
3 x 2 minute rounds of throws only grappling (ie. Judo-like Randori).
2nd BROWN BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Everything, mountains, rivers, plants, trees, should be your teacher‖
Morihei Ueshiba (founder of Aikido)
Nil
FITNESS
parts).
60 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
80
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Toho – Tiger Claw or Sword Peak Hand
2. Koken - Wrist Strike
Revision plus:
1. Tobi Mae Geri – Jumping Front Kick
© Damien Martin
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
© Damien Martin
2. Tobi Mawashi Geri – Jumping Round Kick
3. Tobi Yoko Geri – Jumping Side Kick
Revision plus:
1. Ushiro Ko Empi - Spinning Back Elbow.
Revision
Revision plus:
1. Haymaker Punch Defence – Standing (L30)
2. Take the Back – Guard (L31)
a. Head and Arm Control
b. Achieve the Angle
c. Final Getup
3. Guillotine Defence – Standing (L32)
4. Elbow Escape – Side Mount (L33)
a. Knee Drive Variation
b. High Step Variation
Revision plus:
1. A defence for a straight arm elbow lock
2. A defence for a shoulder grab from the rear
3. A defence for a double shoulder grab
4. A defence for a bear hug
5. A defence for a head lock
Seiyunchin bunkai
3 x 2 minute rounds of throws only grappling (ie. Judo-like Randori).
81
4th KYU: BROWN BELT
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―When you see a worthy person, try to emulate them. When you see an unworthy person,
look inside yourself‖
Peter Urban
Establish yourself as a senior member of the Dojo through participation in all activities
available. The Dojo is your second home.
 Command a thorough understanding of the Japanese terminology so that
techniques can be names in Japanese by compounding different words, e.g.
Chudan + mae + hiji ate.
 Tested for flexibility - must show distinct improvement and be very supple in back
and hips.
 Ability to take class for basics and have a good understanding of the junbi undo.
 Knowledge of major nerve centres on body.
 Good general knowledge of health, diet and fitness principles.
 Knowledge of principle of impact and how to apply it in the techniques
 Brown belt symbolises VOID. This is the Practical, Creativity level. The brown belt is
practical in every way and possesses a cultured outlook.
 A relaxed mental state is not sleep, it is a calm state of mental preparedness,
sensitivity and receptivity. Remain calm and do your best. Learning to relax under
pressure is a mental skill developed through demanding physical experiences.
 This is the first senior level so students should demonstrate confidence and
excellence in technique, whilst beginning to develop the correct attitude of a true
karate-ka.
 Students should be developing an interest in the progress of junior grades and a
willingness to be of assistance when asked. This is the spirit of benevolence.








82
Form. Combining position, balance and coordination with perfect relaxation gives
correct form.
Hara. Continued mastery of the concept of movement from the hara.
Research project of 500-1000 words or oral presentation of 10 minutes duration on
the effects of fear on performance of self defence skills.
Courtesy should be apparent in all our actions and words and in all aspects of daily
life. But by courtesy, I do not mean rigid, cold formality. Courtesy in the truest sense
is selfless concern for the physical and mental comfort of others - Mas Oyama
Defence is for times of insufficiency, attack is for times of surplus.
Tire them by flight. Cause division among them. Attack when they are unprepared,
make your move when they do not expect it.
Therefore a victorious army first wins and then seeks battle; a defeated army first
battles and then seeks victory.
In ancient times those known as good warriors prevailed when it was easy to
© Damien Martin
prevail. Therefore the victories of good warriors are not noted for cleverness or
bravery. Therefore their victories in battles are not flukes. Their victories are not
flukes because they position themselves where they will surely win, prevailing over
those who have already lost - Sun Tzu
FITNESS
parts).
65 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation plus:
1. Standing Armlock – Standing (L34)
a. Basic Application
b. Walking Application
2. Twisting Arm Control – Mount (L35)
a. Basic Control (Preparation Drill)
b. Back Mount Finish
c. Armlock Finish
3. Double Underhook Guard Pass – Guard (L36)
a. Modified Side Mount (Preparation Drill)
b. Double Underhook Pass
c. Posture and Pass
Consolidation plus:
1. 2 defences for the front kick, round kick and back kick.
2. 3 groundfighting defences (defender down and attacker up)
3. 3 defences for a headlock.
Seiyunchin + bunkai
5 x 2 minute rounds of jiyu kumite, including grappling.
Emphasis on strong kiai, courage, excellent footwork and form, speed, timing of initiation
techniques and counter techniques, powerful explosiveness and impact.
© Damien Martin
83
3rd KYU: BROWN BELT WITH BLACK BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance‖
Confucius
Training has become a serious and important part of your life. Aim to remain calm under
pressure and develop a mature and fearless attitude in kumite. Look to control the kumite,
assess each round and work out how you can improve with each session. Seek
experience in every respect.








Consolidation of understanding of form in motion, with an improved level of
relaxation.
Students should work on the co-ordination of speed and strength to develop
explosive POWER.
Develop the confidence to attempt new and perhaps difficult techniques.
Expand training horizons and seek broader knowledge of the martial arts.
Research project of oral presentation of 10 minutes on the importance of a good
diet and proper nutrition in training.
Those who know when to fight and when not to fight are victorious. Those who
discern when to use many or few troops are victorious... Those who face the
unprepared with preparation are victorious.
So it is that good warriors take their stand on ground where they cannot lose, and
so not overlook conditions that make an opponent prone to defeat - Sun Tzu
Strength without justice is violence; justice without strength is impotence - Mas
Oyama
FITNESS
parts).
75 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
84
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation plus:
1. Tobi Ushiro Geri - Jumping Back Kick
2. Ushiro Ko Geri - Spinning Back Kick
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation plus:
1. Standing arm bar (with sweep or takedown)
© Damien Martin
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
Consolidation
Shisochin pattern
Emphasis on strong kiai, absolute courage, timing, sensitivity to the opponent‘s moves,
relaxed motion allowing powerful explosiveness, deceptive footwork.
© Damien Martin
85
2nd KYU: BROWN BELT WITH 2nd BLACK BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly.‖
Robert F Kennedy
The preparation for the black belt realms. Assume more responsibilities in the Dojo and
cheerfully help where possible. This attitude will carry over into your daily life.
 Ability to teach a full class
 Be able to clearly explain meaning of training exercises and how to properly
perform all techniques with power.
 Possess excellent technique and a clear understanding of the philosophy of karate
movement.
 Demonstrate all the weapons of the body and their use.
 Increased flexibility.
 Block teach as an assistant instructor for 3 months
 Senior First Aid Certificate or equivalent







Speed. Increased explosiveness and speed in all techniques without loss of form.
Have a well-developed sense of creative freedom and economy of movement.
Techniques become a REFLEX. This is where all the principles learned so far—
Position, Balance, Co-ordination, Form, Speed and Power—combine as a natural,
flowing movement.
Research project of 500-100 words or oral presentation of 10 minutes duration on
the energy systems of the human body and how to effectively train them for
improved performance.
So the important thing in a military operation is victory, not persistence.
So the rule of military operations is not to count on opponents not coming but to rely
on having ways of dealing with them; not to count on opponents not attacking but to
rely on having what cannot be attacked.
Therefore a victorious army first wins and then seeks battle; a defeated army first
battles then seeks victory - Sun Tzu
FITNESS
parts).
80 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
86
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation plus:
© Damien Martin
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
1. Tobi Ushiro Ko Keri - Jumping Spinning Back Kick
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation plus:
1. Demonstrate five groundfighting attacks and their defences.
2. Demonstrate an escape from a sleeper hold attack
3. 5 defences for a rear grab attack while walking.
4. 5 defences for a reverse punch taken from the forms.
5. 5 defences for kicking attacks.
Shisochin Bunkai
Emphasis on superior kiai, speed above all else, timing, footwork, fluid and effective multilevel combinations, personal creativity in fighting style, absolute courage, nonacknowledgment of pain.
© Damien Martin
87
1st KYU: BROWN BELT WITH 3rd BLACK BAR
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE
―All the resources we need are in the mind‖
Theodore Roosevelt








To bring all the techniques learned to a mature level of ability. Seek out any
weaknesses and remove them so as not to carry any bad habits over to the black
belt.
Develop a well-balanced approach to life in general, and to karate and training.
Guard against complacency.
To develop an even more balanced outlook to life, co-ordinating body, mind and
spirit as one.
Introspect daily upon every aspect of your life and training. Before retiring, review
your day‘s words, thoughts, actions and efforts.
Consolidation of form and relaxation so that excellence of technique is improved
even with an increase of speed.
Possess a well-developed ability to judge an opponent‘s spirit and technique in
kumite.
Must demonstrate excellent timing in all techniques, kata and kumite.
Either: Research project of 1000-1500 words on the benefits of martial arts for
modern society, or on the differences between the various martial arts.
 Minimum of 100 contact hours since 2nd kyu or 200 contact hours since 3rd kyu.
 Be able to lead a full class successfully.
FITNESS
parts).
85 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
88
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Shisochin + Bunkai
5 X 2 minute rounds of kumite
5 X 2 minute rounds against 2 opponents
© Damien Martin
Emphasis on superior kiai, speed, timing, footwork, fluid and effective multi-level
combinations, personal creativity in fighting style, absolute courage, non-acknowledgment
of pain.
© Damien Martin
89
SHODAN
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE:
"A true Black Belt following the path of Bushido unwittingly changes his way of life....for he
can never be the same person again"
Peter Urban



To pursue excellence in martial arts and in life.
To understand the transcendence from the ‗Jutsu‘ (art) to the ‗Do‘ (way).
To achieve virtuosity of the basics.

Virtuosity.


Exam – a 100 question multiple choice examination based on the information in this
student handbook. A mark of 90% is required to pass.
Essay – 500 to 1000 words on the students thoughts and experiences relating to
the martial arts to this point in their training. This should be presented with a project
relevant to the essay demonstrating the students depth of thought.
 Minimum of 100 contact hours since 1st kyu.
 Be able to lead a full class successfully.
FITNESS
parts).
100 Sit-ups
FOOTWORK:
HANDS:
KICKS:
ELBOWS:
KNEES
GRAPPLING:
SELF DEFENCE:
KATA:
SPARRING:
90
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Consolidation
Thorough grasp of the kata and applications:
a) Gekisai Dai Ichi + Bunkai
b) Gekisai Dai Ni + Bunkai
c) Sanchin + Bunkai
d) Tensho + Bunkai
e) Saifa + Bunkai
f) Seiyunchin + Bunkai
g) Shisochin + Bunkai
h) Freeform + Bunkai
10 X 2 minute rounds of kumite
© Damien Martin
NIDAN
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:
 Superb physical fitness and mental discipline
 The student should bring a spare uniform, bucket, towel and drink bottle. At least
one competent assistant will be required. Taking of fluids is compulsory between
rounds to prevent heatstroke/dehydration.
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS
GRADE QUOTE:
"A way to free the ego from the limitations of its physical equality"
Peter Urban


To transcend physical limitations.
Essay –250-500 word essay on the applications of Musashi‘s ―Go Rin No Sho‖ to
the martial arts in the 21st Century to be submitted one month prior to attempting
grading.



TECHNICAL PRIORITY FOR GRADING:
Technical excellence in sparring.
Power. Power is a combination of speed and strength. Technically, power is
generated by the perfect combination of position, balance and coordination (form)
with the body weight concentrated in the body weapon accelerating through the
point of impact. F=ma. Perfect form allows perfect leverage (mass) and perfect
speed (acceleration) to coordinate in the instant of the strike.
Stamina. The karate-ka is at the peak of his physical strengths and fitness,
endurance and stamina are exemplary.
THEORY:









Sanchin + Bunkai
Tensho + Bunkai
Saifa + Bunkai
Seiyunchin + Bunkai
Shisochin + Bunkai
Sanseiru + Bunkai
Freeform + Bunkai
KUMITE:
30 x 2 minute rounds with students of the same, or lower, rank. Nidan is the fighting grade.
Candidate must win 80% of bouts. Superior timing, superior footwork, superior stamina,
unyielding courage, painlessness, will-power.
© Damien Martin
91
SANDAN
 Excellent communication skills.
 Excellent grasp on adult learning principles and teaching physical skills to a broad
range of students.
 A minimum of 500 hours teaching (verifiable).
 A minimum of three years consistent training since Nidan.
 500-1000 word essay on the applications of Bushido in the 21 st Century to be
submitted one month prior to attempting grading.
 Three assistants are required. The student will present wearing a plain white gi. It is
recommended that their assistants wear black for presentation.
GRADE QUOTE:
"Mirror reflection of self through students"
Peter Urban
In depth knowledge of the use and application of the traditional strength and conditioning
exercises of the Hojo Undo including:
a.
Chi‘ishi – Stone lever weight
b.
Nigiri Game – Gripping jar
c.
Kongoken – Iron oval weight
d.
Ishisashi – Iron padlock
e.
Makiwara – Striking post
f.
Tetsu Geta – Iron clogs
KATA:










Sanchin + Bunkai
Tensho + Bunkai
Saifa + Bunkai
Seiyunchin + Bunkai
Shisochin + Bunkai
Sanseiru + Bunkai
Seipai + Bunkai
Freeform + Bunkai
FREE COMBAT:
Demonstration of application of the bunkai from each kata against three (3) opponents.
The student is to choreograph and demonstrate each kata‘s against three (3) opponents.
Applications and demonstration must be valid, realistic and precise.
FREE FORM:
Personal kata which starts and finishes in the same place, lasts for 60 seconds and has an
accompanying set of Bunkai and a two person flow drill.
LECTURE:
Personal synopsis of the martial arts to this point in the students training. The lecture
should last for approximately 3 minutes.
92
© Damien Martin
YONDAN
 Before attempting Yondan it is recommended that the student hold a teaching level
rank in another style or form of martial arts (suitability of such at the discretion of the
Chief Instructor) i.e. black belt in Okinawan Goju Ryu Karate, traditional Jiu Jitsu or
a blue belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu or Gracie Combatives.
 Produced at least two black belt students.
 A minimum of four years consistent training since Sandan.
 An assistant is required. The student will present wearing a plain white gi. It is
recommended that their assistant wear black for presentation.
GRADE QUOTE:
"Man cannot discover new oceans until he has the courage to lose sight of the shore"
Anonymous
Demonstration of mastery of each kata and associated bunkai to this level. Namely:
 Gekisai Dai Ichi + Bunkai
 Gekisai Dai Ni + Bunkai
 Sanchin + Bunkai
 Tensho + Bunkai
 Saifa + Bunkai
 Seiyunchin + Bunkai
 Shisochin + Bunkai
 Sanseiru + Bunkai
 Seipai + Bunkai
 Kururunfa + Bunkai
 Freeform + Bunkai
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GODAN
 Before attempting Godan the student should be fully conversant with the principles
of Kyusho jutsu and Tuite (including applications and revivals).
 Produce at least two Nidan students.
 A minimum of five years consistent training since Yondan.
 An assistant is required. The student will present wearing a plain white gi. It is
recommended that their assistant wear black for presentation.
GRADE QUOTE:
"It is then philosophy of calmness and confidence which is the antithesis of aggression and
inhumanity"
Anonymous
Demonstration of mastery of each kata and associated bunkai to this level. Namely:
 Gekisai Dai Ichi + Bunkai
 Gekisai Dai Ni + Bunkai
 Sanchin + Bunkai
 Tensho + Bunkai
 Saifa + Bunkai
 Seiyunchin + Bunkai
 Shisochin + Bunkai
 Sanseiru + Bunkai
 Seipai + Bunkai
 Kururunfa + Bunkai
 Sesan + Bunkai
 Freeform + Bunkai
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ROKUDAN
 Minimum of six years consistent training since Godan.
 Produce at least three Sandan students.
 Additional Martial Arts Skills: Instructor rank in another well regarded system of
Martial Arts. For example: Modern Arnis, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Bojustsu, and Iaijutsu,
or
 Instructor rank in a related field; i.e. Yoga, Meditation, and Pressure Points.
 A contribution to Gōki-Kai that your peers recognize and wish to acknowledge by
way of this elevation in rank.
GRADE QUOTE:
―Mans ability to put his ideas into practice‖
Peter Urban
Demonstration of mastery of the grade kata and associated bunkai.
 Suparinpei + Bunkai
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SHICHIDAN
 Minimum of seven years consistent training since Rokudan.
 Produce a minimum of two Yondan students.
 Additional Martial Arts Skills: Instructor rank in another well regarded system of
Martial Arts. For example: Modern Arnis, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Bojustsu, and Iaijutsu,
or
 Instructor rank in a related field, i.e. Yoga, Meditation, and Pressure Points.
GRADE QUOTE:
―Mans ability to consolidate and unite the material world‖
Peter Urban
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HACHIDAN
 Minimum of eight years consistent training since Shichidan.
 Produce a minimum of two Godan students.
GRADE QUOTE:
―Mans ability to analyse, to divide up the world into its constituent parts‖
Peter Urban
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KUDAN
 Minimum of nine years consistent training since Hachidan.
 Produce a minimum of two Rokudan students.
GRADE QUOTE:
―Mans ability to penetrate and unite all things of matter and spirit‖
Peter Urban
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JUDAN
 Minimum of ten years consistent training since Kudan.
 Produce a minimum of two Shichidan students.
GRADE QUOTE:
―One living daily in the Way carries his head low and his eyes high;
reserved in speech and possessing a kind heart, he steadfastly continues
in his training efforts‖
Mas Oyama
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APPENDIX A: STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT
The Southern Cross Martial Arts Centre is a progressive traditional self defence school
that combines modern training methods and a scientific approach, yet still follows and
promotes traditional values. Our training sessions are conducted in the spirit of mutual cooperation and friendly competition to enable everyone to develop their personal skills.
Traditional values at our school means acting with the:
• Spirit of Contribution
• Spirit of Respect
• Spirit of Harmony and Unity
• Spirit of Determination
• Spirit of Humanity
We endeavour to promote the positive aspects of martial culture and this is achieved
through the use of traditional methods such as belt ranking systems, a school hierarchy
and traditional rituals of respect and courtesy which honour the founders and
predecessors of the arts we study. As such:
• always bow when entering and leaving the training area. We also bow at the
commencement and completion of each class, as well as to our training partners
before and after training drills.
• always refer to instructors by their teaching rank or title. If unsure, the title Sensei
will suffice.
• appreciate that martial arts, regardless of ‗style‘, is defensive in nature and violence,
either in or out of the school, will not be tolerated.
• show respect for each other, and cultivating the virtues of modesty and humility.
• recognise that a martial arts school is not a democracy. Know that your instructors
are professionals and have your best interests at heart.
1. Respect the rights, dignity and worth of every human being
• Within the context of the activity, treat everyone equally regardless of sex, ethnic
origin or religion
• Respect your parents and elders at all times
• Show respect and humility to all you should meet especially your instructors and
senior members
2. Be responsible to ensure that your time spent in training is a positive experience
• You are studying a martial art in a school which promotes traditional values.
• Pay attention to the direction and teaching of your instructor
• Be diligent in your training, concentrate, and remain focused
• Do not disrupt the class in so doing endangering the safety of others, being
disrespectful to your instructor and embarrassing yourself
• Practice in your own time and develop your own mental and physical ability
3. Treat each person as an individual
• Respect the talent, desire to learn, and goals of each individual in the class
• Help each person reach their full potential
• Unnecessary roughness, crude language, or a display of ill temper or disrespect is
strictly forbidden.
4. Be fair, considerate and honest with fellow students
• Safety comes first
• Control your personal ego
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•
•
Remember humility in training
Out of respect for instructors and class mates, maintain good personal hygiene –
this means a clean uniform, clean body, controlled body odour, long hair tied back
and fingernails and toenails kept short
5. Be professional in and accept responsibility for your actions
• Language, manner, punctuality, attitude and integrity should display high standards
• Display control, respect, dignity and professionalism to all involved with the martial
art/sport. This includes opponents, coaches, officials, administrators, the media,
parents and spectators
• Rank is earned, not given
6. Make a commitment to yourself
• Maintain or improve your current skills, ability and develop your personal attitude
• Seek continual improvement through performance appraisal and ongoing training
• You will make a healthy body through unyielding training and perseverance
7. Any physical contact with fellow students should be:
• Appropriate to the situation
• Necessary for training skills development
8. Refrain from any form of personal abuse towards fellow students
• This includes verbal, physical and emotional abuse
• Be alert to any forms of abuse directed towards other members of the Southern
Cross Martial Arts Centre
9. Refrain from any form of harassment towards fellow students
10. Maintain a safe environment for training and competition
• Ensure that you comply to equipment and facility safety standards
• Always follow our infection control guidelines
• Always demonstrate poise under pressure, adherence to the competition rules and
display control, respect, dignity and professionalism
11. Show concern and caution towards sick and injured members
• Support members training using a modified training program as a result of an injury
or disability where appropriate
12. Be a positive role model for your martial art
• Treat people with respect and openness
• Train diligently while being considerate of others
• Remember that your actions can affect the reputation of the school and your
classmates.
Breaches of the Code of Conduct
Any student‘s breach of the Student Code of Conduct will have some consequence. The
severity of the consequences will be determined by the severity of the breach. It is also
important to remember that in many sections the Code of Conduct is directly in keeping
with the laws of Australia (specifically Queensland). These laws make it an offence to
harass, intimidate or discriminate against others; and it is also unlawful to assault another
person without lawful authority, justification or excuse. In short, violations of the Student
Code of Conduct could result in legal problems: either being charged with a Crime, or sued
for a Tort (i.e. negligence or battery)
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Behaviour Policy:
The 3-Strikes Rule is designed to help measure the effort and attitude of our students.
These rules are meant to maintain certain standards that we believe contribute to the
overall atmosphere of our school. If a student does not meet these standards, then the
rules will be enforced. This will help us eliminate unnecessary distractions that prevent
other students from learning and training. Unacceptable and distracting behaviour,
inconsistent attendance, and negative unreported comments are considered behaviours
that can weaken our school‘s positive atmosphere. To maintain our Quality Guarantee, we
will enforce the 3-Strikes Rule when necessary.
In addition to the Student Code of Conduct, the following standards are included in the 3Strikes Rule along with the necessary procedures of enforcement:
 Unacceptable and distracting behaviour: If a student displays a poor attitude or
distracting behaviour, it affects the entire class.
 Inconsistent attendance: If a student becomes inconsistent in attendance, it slows
down the entire class and takes the attention away from the hard-working and
consistent student‘s.
 Negative unreported comments: If a student, or a family member, talks negatively
about another student (or family member), staff, instructor, or any other person or
situation related to the school and does not report it to our management first, it is
considered unfair and inappropriate; and decreases the school‘s (and its members)
overall morale.
If the breach is not a Criminal offence, and no one has been physically or psychologically
injured, then the procedures of enforcement for the 3-Strikes Rule are:
 First time someone violates the 3-Strikes Rule, a verbal warning is given and a
permanent mark is made on his or her record.
 The second time someone violates the 3-Strikes Rule a student (parent if student is
under 18) conference is scheduled and a second permanent mark is made on the
student‘s record.
 The third time someone violates the 3-Strikes Rule a final student (parent if the
student is under 18) conference is scheduled and the students membership may be
cancelled or the student may be required take a leave of absence with a term length
from 4-weeks to one year depending on the severity of the violation.
In the event that the breach is a Criminal offence, and someone one has been physically
or psychologically injured, then the procedures of enforcement for the 3-Strikes Rule are:
 Immediate cancellation of the membership.
 Possible referral to the authorities for prosecution depending on the offence.
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APPENDIX B: TOURNAMENT rdTERMINOLOGY
Sourced from the 2005 World Karate Federation rules, 23 November 2005.
TERM
SHOBU HAJIME
ATOSHI BARAKU
YAME
MOTO NO ICHI
TSUZUKETE
TSUZUKETE HAJIME
SHUGO
HANTEI
HIKIWAKE
TORIMASEN
ENCHO-SEN
AIUCHI
AKA (AO) NO KACHI
AKA (AO) SANBON
AKA (AO) NIHON
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DEFINITION
Start the Match or Bout
After the announcement, the Referee takes a step back.
A little more time left
An audible signal will be given by the timekeeper 30 seconds
before the actual end of the bout and the Referee will announce
―Atoshi Baraku‖.
Stop
Interruption, or end of the bout. As he makes the announcement,
the Referee makes a downward chopping motion with his hand.
Original position
Contestants and Referee return to their starting positions.
Fight on
Resumption of fighting ordered when an unauthorised interruption
occurs
Resume fighting - Begin
The Referee stands in a forward stance. As he says ―Tsuzukete‖
he extends his arms, palms outwards towards the contestants. As
he says ―Hajime‖ he turns the palms and brings them rapidly
towards one another, at the same time stepping back.
Judges called
The Referee calls the Judges at the end of the match or bout, or
to recommend Shikkaku.
Decision
Referee calls for a decision at the end of an inconclusive EchoSen. After a short blast of the whistle, the Judges render their
vote by flag signal and the Referee indicates his own vote at the
same time by raising his arm.
Draw
In case of a tied bout, the Referee crosses his arms, then
extends them with the palms showing to the front.
Unacceptable as a scoring technique
The Referee crosses his arms then makes a cutting motion,
palms downward.
Extension of the bout
The Referee re-opens the match with the command,
―Shobu Hajime‖.
Simultaneous scoring techniques
No point is awarded to either contestant. Referee brings his fists
together in front of his chest.
Red (Blue) wins
The Referee obliquely raises his arm on the side of the winner.
Red (Blue) scores three points
The Referee raises his arm up at 45 degrees on the side of the
scorer.
Red (Blue) scores two points
The Referee extends his arm at shoulder level on the side of the
scorer.
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AKA (AO) IPPON
CHUKOKU
KEIKOKU
HANSOKU-CHUI
HANSOKU
JOGAI
SHIKKAKU
KIKEN
MUBOBI
SHOMEN-NI-REI
OTAGAI-NI-REI
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Red (Blue) scores one point
The Referee extends his arm downward at 45 degrees on the
side of the scorer.
First Category 1 or Category 2 warning without penalty
For Category 1 offences, the Referee turns toward the offender
and crosses his arms at chest level. For Category 2 offences, the
Referee points his index finger (arm bent), at the face of the
offender.
Warning with Ippon penalty
The Referee indicates a Category 1 or 2 offence then points with
his index finger downwards at 45 degrees in the direction of the
offender, and awards Ippon (one point) to the opponent.
Warning with Nihon penalty
his index finger horizontally in the direction of the offender and
awards Nihon (two points) to the opponent
Disqualification
his index finger upwards at 45 degrees in the direction of the
offender, and
announces a win for the opponent.
Exit from the match area
The Referee points his index finger on the side of the offender to
indicate to the Judges that the contestant has moved out of the
area.
Disqualification “Leave the Area”
The Referee points first upwards at 45 degrees in the direction of
the offender then motions out and behind with the announcement
―Aka (AO) Shikkaku!‖ He then announces a win for the opponent.
Renunciation
The Referee points downwards at 45 degrees in the direction of
the contestant‘s starting line.
Self Endangerment
The Referee touches his face then turning his hand edge forward,
moves it back and forth to indicate to the Judges that the
contestant endangered himself.
Bow to the front
The Referee extends his arms palms to the front.
Bow to each other
The Referee motions to the contestants to bow to each other.
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APPENDIX C: TOURNAMENT FLAG
GESTURES
rd
Sourced from the 2005 World Karate Federation rules, 23 November 2005.
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APPENDIX D: INFECTION CONTROL POLICY7
ABOUT THIS POLICY
Infectious diseases may be extremely debilitating and potentially disastrous for Gōki-Kai
and/or individual(s) concerned. These diseases may be spread by direct contact between
broken skin or mucous membranes and infected blood and other body fluids and
substances.
Note: There is no current evidence that sweat, urine or tears will transmit these infective
viruses.
The following information and recommendations may reduce the risk of transmitting
infectious diseases.
TYPES OF INFECTIONS8
Blood-Borne Viruses
Viruses, like other microscopic organisms, live in, on and around us all the time. When
they (a) exist in sufficient quantities, (b) are able to spread from someone or something
(like food or animals) and (c) enter your body, they can cause disease. When our bodies
are under stress, for example during periods of intensive training for competition, we are
more susceptible to illness caused by these tiny germs.
Blood-borne viruses are those which are transmitted from one person‘s blood to another
person‘s blood stream.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. The liver is responsible for filtering the blood and
breaking down food and poisons in the body. Viral hepatitis (often simply called hepatitis)
refers to a number of different viruses which affect the liver and can potentially cause
fever, vomiting, jaundice (where the eyes and skin go yellow) or sometimes permanent
liver damage, even cancer. Sometimes people with hepatitis have no obvious symptoms
but may still be able to infect others. The most significant
types of hepatitis are A, B & C and these are described below.
Several new types of hepatitis have been discovered in recent years (hepatitis D, E, &
G), and it is possible that more strains will be identified in the future. Other forms of
hepatitis (non-viral) can be caused by alcohol or drug abuse (including steroids).
7
Adapted from the Sports Medicine Australia (2005) Infectious Diseases Policy
Adapted from The Blood Book (2000), Sports Medicine Australia, Austraian Institute for
Primary Care: Bundoora
8
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Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is passed on through contaminated food or water, or through oral contact
indirectly with infected faeces (poo). This is why it‘s important to always wash your hands
after going to the toilet and immediately prior to handling food.
In older children and adults the symptoms include fever, nausea, abdominal discomfort,
dark urine, and yellow skin and eyes (called jaundice). Many people with hepatitis A show
few or no symptoms, particularly children less than three years old.
Hepatitis A is not a chronic (prolonged) infection and people who‘ve had hepatitis A cannot
be reinfected. An effective vaccine is available.
Recommended fact sheets
http://www.health.gov.au/hfs/pubhth/strateg/hiv_hepc/hepc/index.htm
http://www.hepatitisaustralia.com
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is highly infectious - about 100 times more infectious than HIV. In Australia,
most hepatitis B infections occur in adolescents and young adults. It is transmitted via
body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva or breast milk) from one person into
another. Hepatitis B can be passed on during vaginal or anal sex, through sharing injecting
equipment or body piercing and tattooing with improperly cleaned and sterilised
equipment. Even sharing toothbrushes, razors, nail files, nail scissors or other personal
equipment where small traces of blood may be present can be risky.
Symptoms of hepatitis B include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen
and/or joints, fever and jaundice. Normally these symptoms disappear in a few weeks.
Some people who are infected with hepatitis B do not get ill and some show no symptoms
at all. A small number, about 10% who look and feel well, will still be able to transmit the
virus to others. Babies and children with hepatitis B are more likely than adults to be able
to do this. An effective vaccine is available.
There have been a number of reported cases of hepatitis B being spread through sporting
activities. These were mainly due to poor infection control measures in the past when the
risks of infection through blood contact were not widely known. An increasing number of
sports are encouraging players, coaches, officials, trainers, and first-aiders to be
vaccinated against hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus and is the most commonly reported notifiable infectious
disease in Australia, with an estimated one in a hundred people infected. (Notifiable
diseases are those that doctors must report to State or Territory Health Departments). In
Australia, hepatitis C is most commonly transmitted through the sharing of contaminated
needles, syringes and other injecting equipment by people who inject drugs.
Hepatitis C can also be spread by using body piercing and tattooing equipment which has
not been properly cleaned and sterilised, as well as by sharing toothbrushes, razors, nail
files, nail scissors or other personal equipment where small traces of blood may be
present. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C is unlikely.
People with hepatitis C may initially show only mild, flu-like symptoms, or no symptoms at
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all. Symptoms that do appear include dark urine, signs of jaundice, nausea and tiredness.
Once infected with hepatitis C, over 70% of people will not clear the virus from their
bodies, and as a result may be capable of transmitting the virus to others. No vaccine is
available.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the blood-borne virus that can lead to AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV can be passed on through anal or vaginal
sex without a condom, through sharing equipment used for injecting drugs, from an
infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth or breast feeding, and much less
commonly, through oral sex where a person has cuts or sores in their mouth.
Some years after an HIV infection, a person‘s immune system can become so weak that it
can no longer fight off infections, and this is when the person is said to have developed
AIDS. A person with HIV gradually loses immune function along with certain immune cells,
called CD4 T-lymphocytes.
HIV infection is detected by a blood test to see whether there are HIV antibodies present in
the bloodstream (the body develops antibodies to fight HIV). In most people, if antibodies
are present they can be detected within three months of infection.
Some of the common symptoms and physical signs of AIDS are also common to a number
of other illnesses, and can include:
 recurrent fevers, chills and night sweats;
 extreme and constant tiredness;
 a persistent or dry cough; diarrhoea;
 decreased appetite;
 rapid weight loss;
 swollen lymph glands;
 white spots or unusual marks in the mouth, and
 purplish raised or flat marks or bumps on the skin.
About 50% of people with HIV will develop AIDS within 10 years, and close to 70% within
15 years. No vaccine is available for HIV and there is no cure for AIDS. There are a
number of drug therapies that can delay the progression of HIV infection to AIDS.
Recommended fact sheets
http://www.health.gov.au/hfs/pubhth/strateg/hiv_hepc/hepc/index.htm
http://www.hepatitisaustralia.com
Other Infections
There are a number of other infectious diseases, caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and
tiny parasites that can have an effect on the health and performance of people
participating in sport. Some may be transmitted during play, some through social activities
after training. The way in which they are passed on from person to person varies and
some are more serious than others, particularly if left untreated.
Influenza
Influenza, or ‗the flu‘, is more than a bad cold. It is caused by a highly contagious virus
which is spread by coughs and sneezes, and can easily ‗wipe out‘ whole classes at a time.
There are three types of flu virus - A, B and C. Influenza A is more likely to be responsible
for epidemics (infection in large numbers of people in a population). The flu typically
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involves high fever, chills and sweating, muscle and joint pain, weakness, headache and
dry cough, and can last a week to 10 days. Some people are ‗at risk‘ of complications from
the flu. Immunisation for influenza is available and needs to be renewed every year.
Scrumpox
Scrumpox is a broad term referring to a range of contagious skin infections which can be
transmitted through skin-to-skin contact sports such as rugby, wrestling, boxing and judo.
These include impetigo, a bacterial infection, and herpes which is described below.
Symptoms may include blisters, weeping or crusty sores on the skin. These can be very
contagious and you should not participate in contact sport until they have cleared up.
Medical attention should be sought so a correct diagnosis can be made prior to treatment.
Gentital Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Genital herpes is a common condition that is easily spread through sexual contact. It is
caused by infection with one of two kinds of the herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2
(HSV-1 and HSV-2). These viruses also cause cold sores on the mouth. Infection comes
via direct contact with blisters or ulcers, not necessarily during penetrative sex, so HSV
can be spread by any kind of sex or, in some circumstances non-sexual touching of
affected areas. Very rarely, herpes can be spread to the eyes or to cuts or abrasions in the
skin. Potential risk factors include sparring (i.e. being punched in the lesion and then in the
eye) and grappling. There is no cure for HSV infection, however in recent years an antiviral drug has become available to relieve the symptoms.
Meningococcal Disease
Meningococcal disease is a rare but very serious illness caused by a number of different
groups of meningococcus bacteria causing meningitis (inflammation of the membranes
covering the brain and spinal cord) or septicaemia (blood poisoning). The infection is
difficult to spread but may be passed on from person to person by sharing saliva, for
example by mouth kissing or sharing drink bottles. Children aged under five and young
people aged 15 to 24 years are most at risk. A person with meningococcal disease will
become very ill and will probably feel sicker than they have ever felt before. The signs and
symptoms of meningitis include: fever, vomiting, neck stiffness, headache, joint pains,
dislike of bright lights. In septicaemia, a rash of red-purple pinprick spots or larger bruises
anywhere on the body will be present.
Young children may not complain of symptoms, so fever, pallor (pale skin), vomiting
lethargy and rash are important signs. The infection can develop very quickly, and can be
fatal in about 10% of cases, however if it is diagnosed early enough and the right
antibiotics given quickly, most people make a complete recovery.
Tinea
Tinea is a fungal infection of the skin which, like all fungi, thrives in warm, moist conditions.
‗Athletes Foot‘ and ‗Jock Itch‘ refer to fungal infections on the feet and groin areas
respectively. Fungal infections are spread through skin-to-skin contact, or indirectly
through towels, clothes or even floors. The fungi firstly eat dead skin cells and then, when
these are gone, live skin cells. The infection causes itching and stinging, a red scaly rash,
and cracking, splitting and peeling of the skin. The best way to prevent getting tinea is to
always use your own towel and dry your skin thoroughly after showering, particularly
between the toes and skinfolds, wear cotton underwear and socks if possible, and wearing
thongs in communal locker rooms and showers. Anti-fungal treatments are available from
chemists and should go hand in hand with personal hygiene measures.
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Lice
Lice are small, flat, light brown insects that cling to, and lay their eggs (called nits) on, hair.
Lice suck blood for nourishment which can cause small red areas or sores, and itching.
Lice can be passed on through close skin-to-skin contact including sexual activity, and via
shared bedding, towels or clothes. Lice may or may not be visible, but people with lice
complain of itching. Scratching may cause open sores that can become infected. People
with pubic lice may be at risk of other sexually transmitted infections and should consider
seeing their doctor or sexual health specialist. Treatment involves the use of special
lotions and shampoos which are available from a chemist without a prescription, and
washing all contaminated clothing etc in hot water.
Scabies
The scabies mite is a tiny spider-like creature which makes a shallow burrow in the skin to
lay its eggs. Scabies can be passed on during sex and through non-sexual contact in
family groups or institutions. New mites hatch from the eggs and can be spread to other
parts of the body by scratching. Red, itching bumps or blisters on the skin are an allergic
reaction to the mite. Infestations usually occur around the genital or waist area on the
body, and on the wrists, hands and in between
HOW INFECTIONS CAN SPREAD THROUGH SPORT
People can be exposed to infection through participation in sport in a variety of ways:
 Through blood to blood contact via broken skin and open wounds. Of most concern
are the serious blood-borne viruses such as HIV and hepatitis C.
 Through contact between a person‘s broken skin, mouth, eyes and other mucous
membranes with another person‘s infected body fluid (blood, saliva, semen and
vaginal fluids). A number of serious infections are possible, including those which
are sexually transmitted.
 Through exposure of the skin to another person‘s infected skin or body fluids. This
may be via direct body to body contact or indirectly through the use of shared
equipment (eg wrestling mats), clothing (eg jumpers, socks) and other surfaces that
remain moist for a period of time (shower floors, rub down benches). These usually
involve fungal skin infections such as tinea, viral infections such as warts, or
parasites such as scabies.
 Through ingestion of contaminated food and drinks. If people handling food don‘t
wash their hands properly, hepatitis A or a number of other infectious diseases,
such as those which cause gastroenteritis, can be passed on.
 By breathing in airborne droplets of saliva or sputum when an infectious person
coughs, sneezes or spits. The common cold and the flu are easily passed on from
person to person in this way.
RISK OF INFECTION THROUGH MARTIAL ARTS
The risk of being infected by one of the serious blood-borne viruses through participation
in martial arts is very low.
―The chances [of being infected by HIV through sport] have been estimated to be 1 in
125 million. Your chances of getting killed driving to the football stadium are infinitely
greater…..‖
Professor John Dwyer
Immunologist [ABC News]
Blood Rules, OK Video
By adopting an Infection Policy and implementing Blood Rules and other preventive
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strategies consistently in our organisation we are making these risks even lower.
Most contact with other people doesn‘t lead to us catching an infection. In order for an
infection to be transmitted from one person to another all of the following must occur:
 the organism (virus, bacteria, fungi or parasite) must be in or on a person‘s body
and still be able to be transmitted;
 the organism must leave the body of the person who has the virus;
 the organism must be able to survive in the environment;
 the organism must find its way onto or into another person; and
 the organism must be in sufficient quantity to infect that person.
Our body‘s immune system can fight many infections and it usually wins the battle.
However, when it is weakened in some way or the infectious organism is strong enough or
in sufficient quantity, our immune system may not be able to fight off these infections.
Adequate nutrition, water intake and rest are important to help maintain a healthy immune
system. Where it is available, immunisation can help our body‘s immune system to
overcome an infection.
Infectious organisms don‘t always last long outside the body. Hepatitis B can survive for up
to 3 weeks in dry blood and remain transmissible. While under some circumstances HIV
can survive outside of the body for days, generally it will only survive for a matter of
minutes. This is why nearly all people who become infected by a blood-borne virus do so
through behaviours or means which pass the virus directly from one person‘s body to
another‘s: sharing infected drug injecting equipment; unprotected sex; or transmission
from mother to child in utero, during or soon after birth. In the past, the people most at risk
of becoming infected with a blood-borne virus were those receiving transfusions of blood
or blood products for treatment of an existing medical condition - such as haemophilia,
kidney disease - or for trauma patients. With improvements in the screening of donated
blood in Australia, the group at highest risk of infection with bloodborne viruses is with
people who inject drugs.
SUMMARY OF INFECTION CONTROL POLICY
1. Participants and staff should not train when they know they have any form of
infectious disease.
2. All open cuts and abrasions must be reported and treated immediately.
3. It is every participant‘s responsibility to maintain strict personal hygiene at all times,
in all activities on and off the mat.
4. It is strongly recommended that all adult participants be vaccinated against
Hepatitis B.
5. All participants with prior evidence of the listed diseases and infections are strongly
advised to obtain confidential advice and clearance from a doctor prior to
participation.
6. Fingernails and toenails must be kept short and neatly trimmed to prevent causing
cuts and injuries to other participants.
7. Toilets and all common area‘s (including dressing rooms) are to be kept clean and
tidy. They are disinfected at least weekly.
8. Shoes or thongs must be worn in the toilets.
9. No shoes or footwear at all are permitted on the mats in the main Dojo.
10. The mats are to be disinfected at least weekly.
11. Shower facilities are not available on site.
12. Spitting is NOT permitted.
13. When cleaning up blood and body substances:
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


gloves must be worn;
if the blood spill is large, confine and contain the spill;
remove the bulk of the blood and body substances with absorbent material, eg
paper towels;
 place the paper towels in a sealed plastic bag and dispose with normal garbage.
 clean the spill site with a detergent solution;
 wipe the site with disposable towels soaked in a 1:10 solution of bleach.
14. Sharing of towels, shaving razors, face washers, mouthguards, personal sparring
equipment and drink containers must NOT occur.
15. Each student will purchase their own sparring equipment for personal use. Do not
loan or borrow personal sparring equipment.
16. Common sparring equipment (i.e. Headgear) and training pads must be disinfected
between uses.
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121
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
THE MEANING OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO ........................................................ 1
THE GŌKI-KAI LOGO........................................................................................... 2
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO ............................................ 2
Seek ......................................................................................................... 2
Purpose ...................................................................................................... 2
Spirit ......................................................................................................... 2
VISION, MISSION & VALUES ......................................................................................... 3
OUR VISION ......................................................................................................... 3
OUR MISSION ...................................................................................................... 3
OUR VALUES ....................................................................................................... 3
DOJO KUN ...................................................................................................................... 4
THE SPIRIT OF ‗OSU‘ ..................................................................................................... 5
THE SPIRIT OF OSU............................................................................................ 5
INSTRUCTOR PROFILES............................................................................................... 7
Damien Martin, Kaichō: Roku-dan ....................................................................... 7
Hannah Thornton, Shihan: Yondan .................................................................... 10
John Trebilco, Renshi: Yondan ........................................................................... 11
REISHIKI – THE ETIQUETTE OF GŌKI-KAI ................................................................ 12
STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT ....................................................................... 13
EXPECTED BEHAVIOUR ................................................................................... 15
THE HISTORY OF GŌKI-KAI KARATE-DO .................................................................. 18
FAMILY TREE..................................................................................................... 18
OKINAWAN ROOTS ........................................................................................... 20
MIYAGI CHŌJUN ................................................................................................ 20
Miyagi‘s Black Belts .................................................................................. 21
Successor................................................................................................. 21
More Information ...................................................................................... 22
THE HISTORY OF ZEN DO KAI ......................................................................... 22
GLOSSARY OF COMMON MARTIAL ARTS TERMS ................................................... 24
GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF GŌKI-KAI .................................. 24
ALPHABETICAL LISTING .................................................................................. 24
UNIFORMS .................................................................................................................... 30
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: .............................................................................. 30
FOLDING THE DOGI: ......................................................................................... 31
AWARDS ....................................................................................................................... 32
THE BLACK GI ................................................................................................... 32
CROSSES .......................................................................................................... 33
The History ............................................................................................... 33
The Evolution ........................................................................................... 33
Gōki-Kai Crosses ..................................................................................... 33
KATA ............................................................................................................................ 35
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 35
ROLE OF KATA IN TRAINING ........................................................................... 35
GŌKI-KAI KATA .................................................................................................. 36
GEKISAI DAI ICHI............................................................................................... 37
GEKISAI DAI NI .................................................................................................. 37
SANCHIN ............................................................................................................ 37
TENSHO ............................................................................................................. 38
SAIFA 38
SEIYUNCHIN ...................................................................................................... 39
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© Damien Martin
SHISOCHIN ........................................................................................................ 39
SANSEIRU .......................................................................................................... 39
SEPAI 39
KURURUNFA...................................................................................................... 39
SESAN ................................................................................................................ 40
SUPARINPEI ...................................................................................................... 40
THE EIGHT PRECEPTS OF THE FIST......................................................................... 42
TRAINING APPARATUS ............................................................................................... 43
Hojo Undo ........................................................................................................... 43
Makiwara - punching board ................................................................................. 43
Chi'ishi - strength stone ....................................................................................... 45
Ishi Sashi - stone padlock ................................................................................... 45
Kongoken - iron ring ............................................................................................ 45
Nigiri game - gripping jars ................................................................................... 45
Other Hojo Undo Tools ....................................................................................... 46
Junbi Undo .......................................................................................................... 47
Modern Methods ................................................................................................. 48
PHILOSOPHY ............................................................................................................... 50
BUSHIDO ............................................................................................................ 50
Honour...................................................................................................... 50
Loyalty ...................................................................................................... 50
Truth and Sincerity ................................................................................... 50
Benevolence............................................................................................. 50
Self-Control .............................................................................................. 50
Ettiquette .................................................................................................. 50
Courage.................................................................................................... 51
Justice ...................................................................................................... 51
THE FIVE RINGS................................................................................................ 51
GO RIN NO SHO ................................................................................................ 51
RECOMMENDED READING ......................................................................................... 53
THE GRADING SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 54
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 54
GRADES ............................................................................................................. 55
GRADINGS ......................................................................................................... 56
TEACHING RANKS ............................................................................................ 57
OTHER GRADINGS ........................................................................................... 57
USING THIS TEXT ............................................................................................. 58
10th KYU: WHITE BELT ................................................................................................. 59
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS: .................................................................... 59
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 59
PRIMARY PURPOSE OF TRAINING ............................................ 59
INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE MASTERS ...................................... 59
1st YELLOW BAR ................................................................................................ 59
MENTAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 59
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 59
TECHNICAL PRIORITY FOR GRADING: ..................................... 59
WRITTEN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ 59
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS: ................................................................. 59
FITNESS REQUIREMENTS: ......................................................... 59
nd
2 YELLOW BAR ............................................................................................... 60
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123
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 60
TECHNICAL PRIORITY FOR GRADING ...................................... 60
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 61
9th KYU: YELLOW BELT................................................................................................ 62
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 62
FITNESS REQUIREMENTS .......................................................... 62
PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES ............................................................ 62
1st ORANGE BAR ............................................................................................... 63
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 63
nd
2 ORANGE BAR............................................................................................... 64
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 64
8th KYU: ORANGE BELT ............................................................................................... 66
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 66
1st PURPLE BAR ................................................................................................ 67
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 67
nd
2 PURPLE BAR ................................................................................................ 68
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© Damien Martin
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 68
7th KYU: PURPLE BELT ................................................................................................ 70
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 70
1st BLUE BAR ..................................................................................................... 71
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 71
nd
2 BLUE BAR ..................................................................................................... 72
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 72
6th KYU: BLUE BELT ..................................................................................................... 74
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 74
1st GREEN BAR .................................................................................................. 75
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 75
2nd GREEN BAR ................................................................................................. 77
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 77
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125
5th KYU: GREEN BELT .................................................................................................. 78
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 78
1st BROWN BAR ................................................................................................ 79
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 79
nd
2 BROWN BAR ................................................................................................ 80
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 80
4th KYU: BROWN BELT ................................................................................................. 82
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 82
rd
3 KYU: BROWN BELT WITH BLACK BAR ................................................................. 84
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 84
nd
2 KYU: BROWN BELT WITH 2nd BLACK BAR ........................................................... 86
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 86
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© Damien Martin
1st KYU: BROWN BELT WITH 3rd BLACK BAR ............................................................. 88
GRADE QUOTE ............................................................................ 88
SHODAN ....................................................................................................................... 90
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 90
NIDAN............................................................................................................................ 91
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: ................................................................. 91
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 91
TECHNICAL PRIORITY FOR GRADING: ..................................... 91
THEORY: ....................................................................................... 91
KUMITE: ........................................................................................ 91
SANDAN ........................................................................................................................ 92
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 92
KATA: 92
FREE COMBAT: ............................................................................ 92
FREE FORM: ................................................................................ 92
LECTURE: ..................................................................................... 92
YONDAN ....................................................................................................................... 93
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 93
GODAN.......................................................................................................................... 94
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 94
ROKUDAN ..................................................................................................................... 95
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 95
SHICHIDAN ................................................................................................................... 96
© Damien Martin
127
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 96
HACHIDAN .................................................................................................................... 97
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 97
KUDAN .......................................................................................................................... 98
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 98
JUDAN ........................................................................................................................... 99
GRADE QUOTE: ........................................................................... 99
APPENDIX A: STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT ........................................................ 100
1. Respect the rights, dignity and worth of every human being .............. 100
2. Be responsible to ensure that your time spent in training is a
positive experience ...................................................................... 100
3. Treat each person as an individual ..................................................... 100
4. Be fair, considerate and honest with fellow students .......................... 100
5. Be professional in and accept responsibility for your actions ............. 101
6. Make a commitment to yourself .......................................................... 101
7. Any physical contact with fellow students should be: ......................... 101
8. Refrain from any form of personal abuse towards fellow students ..... 101
9. Refrain from any form of harassment towards fellow students ........... 101
10. Maintain a safe environment for training and competition ................ 101
11. Show concern and caution towards sick and injured members ........ 101
12. Be a positive role model for your martial art ..................................... 101
Breaches of the Code of Conduct ..................................................................... 101
APPENDIX B: TOURNAMENT TERMINOLOGY ......................................................... 103
APPENDIX C: TOURNAMENT FLAG GESTURES ..................................................... 105
APPENDIX D: INFECTION CONTROL POLICY ......................................................... 115
ABOUT THIS POLICY ...................................................................................... 115
TYPES OF INFECTIONS .................................................................................. 115
Blood-Borne Viruses .............................................................................. 115
Hepatitis ................................................................................................. 115
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ................................................... 117
Other Infections ...................................................................................... 117
Influenza ................................................................................................. 117
Scrumpox ............................................................................................... 118
Gentital Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2) ...................................................... 118
Meningococcal Disease ......................................................................... 118
Tinea ..................................................................................................... 118
Lice ..................................................................................................... 119
Scabies................................................................................................... 119
HOW INFECTIONS CAN SPREAD THROUGH SPORT .................................. 119
RISK OF INFECTION THROUGH MARTIAL ARTS ......................................... 119
SUMMARY OF INFECTION CONTROL POLICY ............................................. 120
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ 122
128
© Damien Martin

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