Telecommunikation Satellites: The Actual Situation

Telecommunikation Satellites:
The Actual Situation
and
Potential Future Developments
Dr. Manfred Wittig
Head of Multimedia Systems Section
D-APP/TSM
ESTEC
NL 2200 AG Noordwijk
[email protected]
March 2003
Commercial Satellite Contracts
25
20
15
Europe
US
10
5
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
European Average
US Average
2000
2001
2002
5 Satellites/Year
18 Satellites/Year
2003
Estimation of cumulative value chain for the
Global commercial market 1998-2007 in BEuro
35
27
100%
135
90%
80%
225
Spacecraft Manufacturing
70%
Launch
60%
Operations
Ground Segment
50%
Services
40%
365
30%
20%
10%
0%
1
Consolidated Turnover of European Industry
Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders
2000
30
2001
25
2002
3 (7)
Firm Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2002
Manufacturer
Customer
Satellite
Astrium
Hispasat SA
(Spain)
Amazonas
Boeing
Thuraya Satellite
Telecommunications Co
(U.A.E.)
Thuraya 3
Orbital Science
PT Telekommunikasi
Indonesia
Telkom-2
Hangar Queens or White Tails
Orders in 2002 for Bargain Prices
of already contracted Satellites
Manufacturer
Customer
Satellite
Alcatel Space
New Indian Operator
(India)
Agrani
Alcatel Space
Eutelsat
(France)
W5
(1998 completed)
Astrium
Hellas-Sat
Consortium Ltd.
(Greece-Cyprus)
Hellas Sat
Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003
Manufacturer
Customer
Satellite
Astrium
Telesat
(Canada)
Anik F1R
4.2.2003
Planned Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003
SES GLOBAL
Three RFQ’s:
SES Americom
ASTRA 1L
ASTRA 1K
cancelled four orders with Alcatel Space in 2001
INTELSAT
Launched five satellites in the last 13 month
average fleet age: 11 Years of remaining life
PanAmSat
No orders expected
Concentration on cash flow generation
Eutelsat
HB 7A
HB 8
Telesat
expected at the end of 2003
Ordered Anik F1R from Astrium
Planned Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003
Arabsat &
Shin Satellite
are expected to replace Spacebus 300
(solar-array steering problems)
Korea Telecom
Negotiation with Alcatel Space for Koreasat
Binariang Sat.
System
Negotiation with Boeing for BSS 376 and BSS 601
Satellite Manufacturers are freesing plant expansion and reduce staff to survive
Commercial Fixed Satellite Service Operators
SES Global
No sales figures available before end of March
Staff reduction in Luxembourg and Princeton
300 Staff of SES Astra reduced by 7-10 %
SES expects flat sales for 2003
RFQ for three new Sat’s issued
Intelsat
$ 1.1 billion sales in 2001
$ 992 million sales in 2002
2003 considered difficult as well
= 9.8 % sales decline
Point-to-point customers migrate to fiber optic cables
Modest investment in WildBlue
Plans broadband offering in 2004
PanAmSat
$ 870.1 million sales in 2001
$ 812.3 million sales in 2002
cancelled one spacecraft order with Boeing
Commercial Fixed Satellite Service Operators
Eutelsat
Euro 659 million sales in 2002
Sales forecast for 2003 is 7 % better than 2002
Launched two Satellites in 2002:
HB 6
HB 7
Arianne 5 Launch Failure
New Skies
$ 200.5 million sales in 2002
Sales forecast for 2003 is 6-11 % better than 2002
Operates a fleet of six Satellites
Two launches in 2002
Delivery of NSS 8 delayed from 2003 to 2005
Boeing is late
& will replace NSS 703 which saves $ 250 million
Global Launch Capabilities
66 Launches per Year
2002 Commercial Launch Deals
Arianespace: 9 Contracts
AMC-13,-15
Atlantic Bird 1
DirecTV 7S
iPSTAR-1
Satmex 6
Spainsat
Star One C1
Telkom-2
SES Americom
Eutelsat
DirecTV Inc.
Shin Satellite Public Co. Ltd.
Satellites Mexicanos SA
Hispasat
Star One SA
PT Telkomunikasi Indonesia
Boeing Launch Services: 2 Contracts
Inteldat 10-series
Intelsat
Thuraya-3
Thuraya
International Launch Services (ILS): 5 Contracts
AMC-10,-11
SES Americom
Hellas-Sat
Hellas-Sat
Intelsat 10 series
Intelsat
MBSat
Mobile Broadcasting Corp.
Previous Years Commercial Launches
Arianespace:
2002
2001
2000
9
15
27
Boeing Launch Services:
2002
2001
2000
2
5
4
International Launch Services (ILS):
2002
5
2001
10
The Way Forward
Profit margin of satellite manufacturers have disappeard
New technologies can be introduced in two years
Manufacturers will face a heavy burden to demonstrate that new technology is
reliable
Operators are not willing to pay for new technologies, they can do a lot with
existing technology
Consolidation of Operators is a way to survive in the short term
Introduction of new services – diversification - is a way to achieve growing business
Predicted Payloads 2001
Payload Unis
100
80
60
40
20
0
2001
2002
2003
2004 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
Broadband
Mobile
Broadcast
DBS
DAB
Payload Unis
Predicted Payloads 2000
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000
2001
2002
2003 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
Broadband
Mobile
Broadcast
DBS
Payload Unis
Predicted Payloads 2001
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
Broadcast
DBS
DAB
2009
2010
TV Broadcast -Today
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
DVB compatible
High rate link
DVB compatible
High rate link
broadcasting
centre
#1
broadcasting
centre
#2
MASTER STATION
broadcasting
centre
#3
Home Receivers
broadcasting
centre
#N
Contribution
Links
DVB-S MULTIPLEXING
DVB
SKYPLEX
VIDEO 1 PES
VIDEO 1 PES
AUDIO 1 PES
AUDIO 1 PES
DATA 1 PES
DATA 1 PES
SINGLE CH.
TRANSPORT
MUX
VIDEO 2 PES
VIDEO 2 PES
AUDIO 2 PES
AUDIO 2 PES
DATA 2 PES
DATA 2 PES
SINGLE CH.
TRANSPORT
MUX
VIDEO 3 PES
VIDEO 3 PES
AUDIO 3 PES
AUDIO 3 PES
DATA 3 PES
DATA 3 PES
DATA N PES
VIDEO N PES
AUDIO N PES
DATA N PES
SINGLE CH.
TRANSPORT
MUX
O N- G R O U N D
PACKET MULTIPLEXER
AUDIO N PES
TRANSPORT MULTIPLEXER
VIDEO N PES
SINGLE CH.
TRANSPORT
MUX
O N- B O A R D
D V B -S using Skyplex
SKYPLEX
PROCESSOR
High rate link
low rate
DVB compatible
links
broadcasting
centre
#1
broadcasting
centre
#3
broadcasting
centre
#2
broadcasting
centre
#N
Home Receivers
SKYPLEX Architecture
SKYPLEX Frequency Plan
l
e
n
n
e
l
e
l
l
e
n
n
BW = 33 MHz
n
BW = 33 MHz
BW = 33 MHz
n
n
a
a
a
h
h
h
h
C
C
C
C
a
n
Digital Multi- p r o g r a m m e T V
Digital Multi- p r o g r a m m e T V
SKYPLEX
SKYPLEX Signal Processing
SKYPLEX History
One Skyplex processor developed under ESA
contract is in-orbit at Eutelsat's Hot Bird 4 satellite
launched in February 1998.
Three second generation processors ordered from
Alenia Aerospazio (I) by Eutelsat for the Hot Bird 5
satellite, launched in October 1998.
ESA developement contract for an Enhanced Skyplex
with Alenia Aerospazio (I) and SPAR (Cd)
Eigth second generation processors are ordered from
Alenia Aerospazio (I) by Eutelsat for the Hot Bird 6
satellite, launched in August 2002.
SKYPLEX HB 4 Block Diagram
To Satellite Payload Interface
Phase
Demodulator
AGC
Saw f1
A/D
DPD
I
I n t e r p.
Matched
Decision
Filter
Q
Phase
AGC
I
Saw f2
A/D
DPD
Buffer
M
Timing
U
Demodulator
Matched
I n t e r p.
Decision
Filter
Q
Buffer
Processor
Controller
L
Timing
T
Phase
AGC
I
Saw f3
A/D
DPD
I n t e r p.
Q
14
Demodulator
Matched
Decision
Filter
Buffer
I
Timing
P
IMUX
GHz
Phase
AGC
Demodulator
Conv .
Conv .
Interl.
Encoder
D/A
14
QPSK
GHz
Mod
I
Saw f4
A/D
DPD
Matched
I n t e r p.
Decision
Filter
Q
Buffer
L
Timing
E
Phase
Demodulator
AGC
I
Saw f5
A/D
DPD
Matched
I n t e r p.
Q
Decision
Filter
Buffer
X
Timing
E
Phase
AGC
I
Saw f6
A/D
DPD
I n t e r p.
Mult.
Matched
Decision
Filter
Q
Demodulator
Buffer
R
Timing
Mult.
Mult.
Master
Clock
Mult.
Mult.
SKYPLEX HB 4 PCB
SKYPLEX Uplink Station
VIDEO
INPUT
PES
SOURCE
ENCODER
AUDIO
INPUT
SOURCE
PES
RS
SCRAMBLER
ENCODER
QPSK
(204,188)
MOD
RF
FRONT -E N D
DATA
INPUT
SOURCE
PES
CLK
ENCODER
CONTROL
UNIT
SINGLE CHANNEL TRANSPORT MUX
MASTER
CLOCK
CLOCK DRIVE
DVB
RECEIVER
TO TV
MONITOR
SKYPLEX System Elements
Hot Bird 5 SKYPLEX Performance
SCPC Uplink Rate:
TDMA Uplink Rate:
2.292 Mbps, 6.111 Mbps,
6.875 Mbps, 7.333 Mbps
From 382 Kbps to 7.333 Mbps
Number of TDMA Uplinks: Up to 6
Demodulator Performance: < BER 10^-5 for Eb/No = 10.6 dB
Frequency:
12.51984/12.53902/12.55820 GHz
Mass:
7 Kg
Power Consumption:
50 W
Hot Bird 5 SKYPLEX Configuration
2
2
1
IN1 (F1)
4
1
3
2
SKYPLEX 2
Filter
(F2)
1
F2 (F3)
4
3
2
1
RF OUT2
2
4
3
IN3 (F3)
Filter
(F1)
4
F1 (F2)
3
IN2 (F2)
SKYPLEX 1
RF OUT1
1
2
4
RF OUT3
1
SKYPLEX 3
3
F3 (F1)
4
3
Filter
(F3)
Hot Bird 5 Coverage
Receive
Transmit
Hot Bird 6 SKYPLEX Configuration
2
2
1
IN1 (F1)
4
1
4
RF OUT2
2
4
SKYPLEX 2
Filter
(F2)
1
F2 (F3)
4
3
2
1
Filter
(F1)
3
2
3
IN3 (F3)
RF OUT1
1
F1 (F2)
3
IN2 (F2)
SKYPLEX 1
2
4
RF OUT3
1
SKYPLEX 3
IN4 (F4)
4
F3 (F1)
3
3
2
1
2
4
RF OUT4
1
SKYPLEX 4
3
Filter
(F3)
F3 (F1)
4
3
Filter
(F4)
HB 6 Launch
21 August 2002
ATLAS V Cap Canaveral
Hot Bird 6 Coverage
Receive
Transmit
Enhanced SKYPLEX Performance
SCPC Uplink Rate:
TDMA Uplink Rate:
2.292 Mbps, 6.111 Mbps,
6.875 Mbps, 7.333 Mbps
From 382 Kbps to 7.333 Mbps
Number of TDMA Uplinks: Up to 6
Demodulator Performance: < BER 10^-5 for Eb/No = 10.6 dB
Frequency:
12.51984/12.53902/12.55820 GHz
Turbo Decoding
Mass:
5 Kg
Power Consumption:
40 W
Enhanced SKYPLEX: Processing Overview
DIG.
DEM. 1
PACK.
SYNC. &
BUFF.
PACK.
SYNC. &
RF IN
DOWN
CONV.
1
BUFF.
DIG.
2
MODIFIED
SCRAMBLER
DEMUX
& R -S P A R I T Y
MUX
PACK.
DIG.
DEM. 6
18
SYNC. &
BUFF.
REFER.
OSCILL.
SCRAMBLER
INTERL.
CONV.
QPSK MOD
ENCOD.
& UPCONV.
RF OUT
Skyplex Turbo Decoder
Star Network with a Transparent Payload
and Hub Station
AMERHIS Reference Model: Mesh Network with a
Regenerative Payload (no Hub Station)
AMERHIS Mission
S I T : Satellite Interactive T e r m i n a l
NCC
Gateway
SIT
SIT
Gateway
SIT
America
Europe
Earth seen by AMAZONAS
AMERHIS SYSTEM
OBP
NORTH AMERICAN COVERAGE
BRAZILIAN COVERAGE
SOUTH AMERICAN COVERAGE
EUROPEAN COVERAGE
AMERHIS Connectivity
Uplink
Format: MF-TDMA according to DVB-RCS standard (MPEG-2 option)
Granularity: up 64 carriers per transponder (0,5Mbps each)
Available Data rates: 0.5, 1, 2, 4 & 8 Mbps , combinable in the same transponder
1R1 1R2
1R3 1R4 1R5 1R6
1R7 1R8
36
MHz
1R9 1 R 1 0 1 R 1 11 R 1 2 1 R 1 31 R 1 4 1 R 1 5 1 R 1 6
2R25
2R26
2R27
2R28
2R29
2R30
2R31
8R7
8R8
2R32
1 R 6 5 1 R 6 6 1 R 6 7 1 R 6 8 1 R 6 9 1 R 7 01 R 7 1 1 R 7 2
2R33
4R13
4R14
4R15
4R16
2R34
2R35
4R17
16R4
8R9
Coding Scheme: Turbo Code with 3/4 or 4/5 ratio
Downlink
Format: according to DVB-S standard
Data rate: 54Mbps (per transponder)
FEC: Convolutionalcoding with1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 or 7/8 ratio
On-Board Operability
Interconnectivity: full routing flexibility between input/output transponders
Capacity Management: Two modes of operation possible
- Quasi-static throughtelecommand channel (via TTC station)
- Dynamic through communication channel (via NCC)
B u d g e t s (4 transponders)
Total Processed Capacity: 216 Mbps
Power Consumption:
156.5 W
Mass:
28.5 Kg
2R36
4R18
AMERHIS Architecture
DVB-RCS
DVB-S
SPACE SEGMENT
Return
signaling
Broadcast & Return
signaling
Return channel
& signaling
Return channel &
Forward signaling
TC
TM
Forward
signaling
Broadcast &
Forward signaling
Satellite
Control Center
Service Provider/Gateway
Network
Control Center
User
Broadcast
Signal Gen
RCST
RCST
TERMINAL SEGMENT
The complete AMERHIS System is divided in two segments:
Space Segment:
O B P : D o w n C o n v e r t e r s ( D O C O N ) , B a s e- B a n d P r o c e s s o r ( B B P ) a n d K u M o d u l a t o r s .
Ground Segment:
M a n a g e m e n t S t a t i o n ( N C C , N C C- R C S T , N M S ) .
Gateway.
Different types of Return Channel Satellite Terminals (RCST).
Satellite
Operation
Network
Operation
CONTROL SEGMENT
RCST
AMERHIS Payload
The heart of the system will consist of 4 fully interconnected channels (33MHz each) that will be inserted in the AMAZONAS Ku Band Transparent architecture.
T h e O n- B o a r d P r o c e s s e d ( O B P ) p a y l o a d w i l l b e b y - p a s s a b l e o n a c h a n n e l - by - c h a n n e l b a s i s .
O N - Board Hardware (left to right): BBP, Ku MOD and DOCON
AMERHIS Payload Footprint
On A m a z o n a s Y- Wall
ANIK F2
Artist's rendering shows Anik F2, the tenth
Hughes 702 satellite to be ordered since the
model was introduced in 1995. Anik F2 is the
second Hughes 702 to be built for Telesat
Canada. The satellite will have 14 kilowatts
o f p a y l o a d p o w e r a t e n d o f l i fe , a n d c a r r y
108 active transponders, 52 in Ka-band,
3 2 i n K u - b a n d a n d 2 4 C- b a n d . T h e s a t e l l i t e
will provide fixed satellite services to
North America, including Internet access
and multimedia services, from its orbital
position of 111.1 degrees West longitude.
Hughes Space and Communications Company is
scheduled to ship Anik F2 for launch in late
2002.
SPACEMUX
ANIK F2 SpaceMux
ANIK F2 Beam*Link
Functional Block Diagram
ANIK F2 Beam*Link
Channel Allocation
ANIK F2 Beam*Link
Processor Mechanical Assembly
ANIK F2 Beam*Link
Processor Flight Model
ANIK F2 Beam*Link
Performance
S p a c e m u x System Mesh Network Architecture
S p a c e m u x Block Diagram
ANIK F1
Launched on 21 November 2000 by an ARIANNE 44L
ANIK F1R
Telesat Canada has selected Europe’s Astrium to supply a replacement for its defective Anik
F1 satellite, which is based on the troubled 702 platform built by Boeing Satellite Systems.
Telesat’s announcement is the first new commercial satellite order announced in 2003, a year
in which satellite manufacturers are hoping for at least a modest rebound from the dismal
results of 2002, one of the worst years ever for the commercial satellite industry.
The contract, announced Feb. 4, also reflects a shift for Ottawa-based Telesat, which has
purchased a number of satellites over the past few years from U. S. suppliers including Boeing
of El Segundo, Calif., and Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, Newtown, Pa.
Anik F2 is one of several Boeing’s 702 satellites already in orbit t hat are afflicted with a solar
panel malady that is expected to shorten each spacecraft’s lifetime. Boeing has determined the
cause of the problem and
newer 702 spacecraft will not be affected, according to the satellite manufacturer’s president,
Randy Brinkley.
Telesat’s new satellite, dubbed Anik F1R, will carry 24 C-band and 32 Ku-band transponders
and is expected to be launched in 2005. The satellite is based on Astrium’s Eurostar E3000
platform, and it will include a substantial amount of equipment from Canadian suppliers,
according to a Feb. 4 Telesat statement.
Anik F1 was launched in late 2000 to an orbital slot at 107.3 degrees west longitude, where it
serves users in North and South America.
ANIK F3
•
Anik F3 primary aim is coverage of Anik F2 in Ka Band
•
Anik F2 will introduce DVB-RCS services to Canadians in the Ka
Band
•
Anik F2 piggy back payload has limited networking capabilities
•
The West program has taken the Anik F2 concept to the next step
•
Industry needs a mechanism to demonstrate the West concept in
a flight mission
•
European primes are in a good position for Anik F 3
•
Anik F3 could host a demonstration
•
This could tie in with the later launch of an operational Canadia n
SecureSat based on proven DVB-RCS technology
•
Anik F3 could be the Canadian Payload of a joint Canadian/ESA
GEO Cluster networking demonstration
Potential Multimedia Flight Missions
Operator
SES-ASTRA
EUTELSAT
System Name
NGS
KaSaT
System Type
Transparent Ka-Band
With OBP and Ground
Segment
Satellite
And Ground Segment
Air I/F
UL: DVB-RCS like
DL: DVB-S
UL: DVB-RCS -M P E G
DL : DVB-S
Capacity
6000 M Hz
10 % of 8 beams Mesh
0.5-1 Gbps
Connectivity
Mesh
Mesh plus Transparent
Bypass
Schedule
2005 in orbit
32-36 month
Potential
Supplier
Astrium, Alcatel,
Alenia
Alenia, Astrium,
Alcatel
Status
Specification Prepared
RFI issued August 2001
Three offers received and
evaluated
MoU with Alenia
Telesat ANIK F3
Piggyback Payload
and Ground Segment
2006 in orbit
Cost
*
Estimated
Decision expected
end 2003
Astrium, EMS,
Alcatel, Alenia
SATMODE
Objective: To replace LNB by i L N B for 50 €
For iTV Application
SATELLITE
I5
I4
I1
Interactiv
e
STB
ADD ON
BOX
RC
HUB
I3
I2
T V VC
R
ILN
B
I6
BROADCAST
ER
SATMODE Competitors
Interactive television by satellite competes with the following existing terrestrial channels:
56K modem, GSM, GPRS, xDSL and ISDN and cable modem.
From the consumer point of view, i T V over satellite has the following advantages :
Ease to install (wiring the set-top box to the PSTN, sometimes distant, can be an issue)
The PSTN line remains available
ITV over satellite provides an « always -on » solution
No PSTN link is needed (in reference to the general trend to keep only GSM service and to stop
fixed telephone services)
From the broadcaster and Service Provider point of view :
Additional revenue from new services
Piracy control
Audience metering and statistics
Increase of forward bandwidth
SATMODE Transponder Capacity Requirements
Datarate :
4 KSymbols/s
9000 Connections/36 MHz Transponder
Slotted ALOHA
3000 Simultaneous Connections
Multiplexing Factor
100
300,000 Subscribers/Transponder
10 Transponder
3,000,000 Subscriber
SATMODE Specification
G/T
EIRP
Antenna
diameter
NF
P OUT
(SAT)
Rx -I F
DCpower
IODU
(Ka/K
u)
14 -16 dB/K
22 - 2 8 d B W
60 -7 5 c m
< 1.2
dB
20 m W
Typical
L-b a n d
14 -2 8 V
2 W
ILNB
(Ka/K
u)
-
-
-
< 1.2
dB
20 m W
Typical
L-b a n d
14 -2 8 V
2 W
ITRM
(Ka)
-
22 d B W
Typical
30 -4 0 c m
-
-
-
14 -2 8 V
2 W
SATMODE Link Budget
6 dBW per Carrier and 9000 Carrier = 45 d B W S A T E I R P
SATMODE ODU Configurations
SATMODE IDU Configurations
ADD ON BOX (FPGA
VERSION)
Programmable
transport IC
TS d e m u x
DVB
Tuner
demodulator
IC
IC
27MHz
VCXO
Processor core
TDMA scheduler
I Q quadrature
/ waveform
generator
mixer + PLL
synthesizer
FPGA
Data + M&C
From STB
RS232
PHY
Power supply
From STB or mains
PS
L band + PS control
+ DisecQ
From STB
TX + RX + PS
triplexer
+DisecQ
SATMODE Hub
SATMODE
CONTOUR
return
BROADCASTER
DATA CENTRE
traffic
LAN,WAN,
PSTN…
BURST
Ka
DEMODULATOR
BANK
BAND
LNB
LAN
return
traffic
NETWORK
LAN
MONITORING
&
HUB
LOGGING
MANAGEMENT
UNIT
LAN
AND CONTROL
ASI
CENTRE
SCHEDULER
BROADCAST
FREQUENCY
AND TIME
Ku
SUBSYSTEM
BAND
10MHz, 1pps
TWTA
& NTP
CONTENT
ASI
Forward
Contribution
signalling
distribution
network, LAN,
WAN, PSTN…
D V B-
MODULATOR
MUX
link, MPEG
ASI
Ku BAND
BLOCK
ASI
NCR
INSERTER
UPCONVERTER
ASI
SATMODE Target Prices
·
·
·
·
·
Retail prices for different c o m p o n e n t s :
Hub: 3 M€
A d d- on: 80 €
iLNB only: 30 €
iLNB + antenna: 60 €
iTransmitter : 50 €