MVRDV Client - College of Architecture + Planning

Project Information
Architect:
MVRDV
Client :
EMV del Ayuntamiento de Madrid
Madris ES
Location:
Madrid, Spain
Completed:2005
Units:
165 Apartment Units
Area:
196,980 square feet
Floors:
22
MVRDV, 2005
MVRDV, 2005
2
MVRDV, 2005
OIII, 2005
MVRDV, 2005
Precedences
Mirador
Site Description
Steffan Lofgren
MVRDV, 2005
0lll, 2005
Sanchinarro is a residential suburb on the north east edge of
Madrid. Surrounded by highways, the buiding was developed as
a reference point for the city extension as a counterpoint against
the massive uniformity of the surrounding blocks. The 22 level
building acts as a frame for the distant landscape.
MVRDV
Site (Elplanb-Arquitectura)
3
Details + Schematics
The sky-plaza is accessible with a direct elevator. The slits in between the neighborhood
blocks act as access zones and are conceived as vertical alleys. The housing units are
designed to provide high standards of habitable space, natural light, panoramic views
and comfort of fixtures.
MVRDV
MVRDV, 2005
MVRDV, 2005
Floor Plan (Elplanb-Arquitectura)
4
Plan Composition (Elplanb-Arquitectura)
Precedences
Mirador
Concept Development
Steffan Lofgren
MVRDV, 2005
MVRDV, 2005
In contrast to the serial repetition of the standard family unit, the housing
units are grouped in small buildings. As the these groups are stacked
together, they create a vertical superblock. The Mirador is a collection of
mini neighborhoods stacked vertically around a semi-public sky-plaza.
The 165 apartments are divided in a variety of different types for different life-styles which is reflected in the variety of formal expression. The
sky-plaza sits at 40 meters above the ground which provides occupants
with a community garden and space to contemplate the skyline.
MVRDV
MVRDV, 2005
Elplanb-Arquitectura
Elplanb-Arquitectura
5
Project Information
Architect:
EM2N Architects
Client:
NA
Location:
Zurich
Completed:
July, 2003
Area:
14,404 square meters
Units:
74 dwelling units
2 kindergarden units
2 studios
1 community room
Letter Boxes
2
Unfinished Unit
Precedences
Housing Development in Zurich
Site Description
Brandon Lewis
Housing Development in Zurich is nestled between schools, multistory apartment buildings and a 1950’s housing development. Five
cubes raised up upon pedestals allow for parking and central core
access. Well planned pragmatic zones allows smooth transition
from the plaza to the stairwells.
Site Plan
Section
3
Construction
Balcony/Wall Detail
Plans
The layout of the units allows for one to pass a
series of rooms to get to the living room or can be
individually designed so that it is an open plan.
Isometric Diagram of Construction Process
4
Precedences
Housing Development in Zurich
Outdoor Living Space
Brandon Lewis
View From Balcony
The creation of balconies adds to the usable space of the occupants. To provide protection from the elements as well as create a
sense of privacy, operable shades were installed. A bright pixilated
pattern is a nice juxtaposition from the plain solid color of the building.
Balcony With Fabric Shades
5
Project Information
Architect:
popp.planungen, Berlin
Client:
NA
Location:
Berlin
Completed:
Sept, 2001
Area:
2842 square meters
Units:
24 dwelling units
7 office units
12 owner occupied appartments
2
Storage Unit Variations
Precedences
Two Housing Blocks in Berlin
Site Description
Brandon Lewis
Two Housing Blocks in Berlin is located in the Prenzlauer Berg. It consists of two new buildings on the street with a third renovated building
in the rear. The building consists of 33 residences and 7 offices. The occupants of the building are consist of teenagers all the way up to the
elderly. Each building houses a central stair that divides each level into two apartments.
Site Plan
Site Context
3
Construction
Section
Each unit has a wide elevated zone next to the
balconies. These transitions zones can be used
as various types of living spaces. They are also
distinguished by a different material. The sliding
glass doors on both ends of the apartment allow
for cross ventilation as well as abundant light.
4
Balcony/Wall Detail
Precedences
Two Housing Blocks in Berlin
Partition Systems
Brandon Lewis
Partition Wall Closed
Partition Wall Open
Twelve apartments utilize a movable curtain wall to separate the
kitchen bathroom and entrance hall. Twelve individual panels can
be moved and rotated or folded together as desired. The difference
between the twelve owner occupied apartments and the others are
the use of moveable storage units or bookshelves to serve as partitions.
Moveable Book Shelves/Storage Uwnits
5
Project Information
Architect:
Herzog & de Meuron
Client:
Régie Immobiliére de la Ville de Paris
Location:
Paris, France
Completed:2000
Cost:
$274 million
Area:
90,621 square feet
Units:
57 Apartments
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
6
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
Student Projects
Rue des Suisses Apartment Buildings
Site Description
Steffan Lofgren
Two distinct urban scenarios characterize the housing project: The
blocks facing the Rue des Suisses and Rue Jonquoy. The other is the
courtyard with high fire walls at the back. Along the prominant streets,
vertical elements characterize the adjacent buildings. In the courtyard
features no predetermined urban characterizations, which lead to a
more horizontal approach to ground the occupant to the gardens.
H&D, 2000
Spiluttini
Image caption is 7 pt
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
7
Details
The front facade features a homogenous facade that connect with the adjactent buildings. The overall composition is puntuated with individual metallic screens that puntuate
the building. The back courtyard 3-storey garden spaces that allow for natural-light access with rolling wooden screens.
H&D, 2000
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
8
Spiluttini
Student Projects
Rue des Suisses Apartment Buildings
Schematics + Sustainability
Steffan Lofgren
Spiluttini
Floor Plans (Schittich 99)
The living quarters vary greatly with size, layout and placement, but all are designed with
maximum daylight and interesting views of
the coutryard. The concrete walls are covered with a net to provide a climbing matrix
for vines and ivy.
Gardent Wall,(housingprototypes.org)
Spiluttini
Spiluttini
H&D, 2000
Longitudinal Section (housingprototypes.org)
9
Project Information
Architect:
Jakob Lange, BIG Architects
Client:
Høpfner A/S
Location:
Copenhagen, Denmark
Completed:
Summer2008
Cost:
Area:
355210 SF
Capacity:
80 Units/ 480 Parking Spaces
Precedences
Oresrad Mountain Dwellings
Al-hakam Shafiq
Precedences
Oresrad Mountain Dwellings
Al-hakam Shafiq
The Mountain Dwellings are the 2nd generation of the VM Houses – same client, same
size and same street. The program, however, is 2/3 parking and 1/3 living. What if the
parking area became the base upon which to place terraced housing – like a concrete
hillside covered by a thin layer of housing, cascading from the 11th floor to the street
edge? Rather than doing two separate buildings next to each other – a parking and a
housing block – we decided to merge the two functions into a symbiotic relationship. The
parking area needs to be connected to the street, and the homes require sunlight, fresh air
and views, thus all apartments have roof gardens facing the sun, amazing views and
parking on the 10th floor. The Mountain Dwellings appear as a suburban neighbourhood of
garden homes flowing over a 10-storey building – suburban living with urban density.
Parking
View from the terraced gardens
Urban Context
The Eleven Terraced building is located in downtown Orestad city in Denmark. A very busy and dense urban area.
The Project is surrownded with a comercial buildings to the south, an open space to the north, and single family
homes to the east and west where it is sperated by them with the canals.
The Project is well sited in its location, the terraced apartments are
facing south, providing sun light and nice view to the city.
Precedences
Oresrad Mountain Dwellings
Concept Development
Al-hakam Shafiq
Parking
1/3
Living
2/3
The main idea of the project is to combine suburban homes with near by
parking. Instead of building the separately, the living part were stacked on the
parkings in a stepping back manner, thus the residences have view, ventilation
and light, and the parking is contained beneath.
Spacial Arrangement/Circulation
The apartments are juxtapositioned in rows. In each
floor there is a single row
of living units, connected
by a leniar hallway that is
connected to the main
escolator leading down to
the parking.
Exit
Entrance
Ground Flooor Plan
1St Flooor Plan
2Nd Flooor Plan
Apartments
3Rd Flooor Plan
4Th Flooor Plan
5Th Flooor Plan
Stairways (connecting parkings to living)
8Th Flooor Plan
9Th Flooor Plan
10Th Flooor Plan
Parkings
Precedences
Oresrad Mountain Dwellings
Structure/Units Types
Al-hakam Shafiq
The major structural system is reinforced
concretet columns and steel beams. The
living units are carried by huge concrete
columns that go up through the parking
levels, they are arranged in a grid pattern.
The minor structures are bracing, trusses
and the stair cases.
1 bedroom unit
section throught the units
There are two types units, 1 bedroom and
2 bedroom. These types are designed for
placment arrangment, the 1bdrm is the
frequent repetitive one. Where as the
2bdrm is located at the ends or the
corners.
Parkings
the units terraced gardens
2 bedroom unit
Elevations Study
N
North Elevation
West Elevation
East Elevation
South Elevation
Details
Coating Detail
protection equipment
inside lying terraces
Project Information
Architect:
aart a/s
Client:
Bikubens Kollegiefond
Location:
Njalsgade, Ørestad North, Copenhagen
Completed:
2006
Cost:
Area:
7,000m2 (75347SF)
Capacity:
107 Studio apartments
Project Program
_107 studio flats (bathrm, bedrm & kitchnett)
_ Gym
_ Laundry room
_ Kitchen
_ Party room
1
Site Descreption
Situated within the new 770-acre Ørestad neighborhood south of Copenhagen's city center is the University of Copenhagen's Amager campus.
Part of that campus is the Bikuben Student Residence
Student Projects
Bikuben Student Residence
Al-hakam Shafiq
N
2
Concept Development
Local materials and pre-fabricated construction, façade and bathroom
elements provides a both environmentally and economically sustainable
structure.
Massing
Vertical circulation (stairs)
The complexity of the circuit of circulation and common
spaces is expressed on the building via the cut-out
terraces that wrap the four sides of the building.
Envelope
The checkerboard pattern of light and dark gray, a
gesture that seems to hide the windows, as if to give the
separate residences a certain anonymity or privacy.
Levels/Slabs
Structure and vertical circulation cores
3
Student Projects
Bikuben Student Residence
Spacial development
Students/Dormers
Public Rooms
Stair cases
Al-hakam Shafiq
N
6Th Floor Plan
3Rd Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
This atrium space is a
complex space whose
boundaries are shared by
common rooms, terraces
linked to the building's
exterior, and the vertical
circulation. It is the variety of
spaces and orientations of
these common areas that
makes the decision to orient
the project towards social
interaction so successful.
4
Elevations
West Elevation
South Elevation
Project Information
Architect:
Pugh + Scarpa
Client:
Urban Environments
(Chris Debolt)
Location:
Los Angeles, CA
Completed:
2006
Cost:
$1.25million
Area:
Capacity:
12,000 square feet
6,700 square feet, housing
3,800 square feet, parking
5 units
Exterior views from rear
2
Precedences
Orange Grove, West Hollywood CA
Site Description
JARED ANZURES
Located in a neighborhood characterized by traditional
bungalow-style single-family residences, Orange Grove is a
new project that is ideal for the City of West Hollywood. The building is
sensitively designed and compact to work with the neighborhood,
but differs in material palette and size from its neighbors.
The project presents a characteristic that is consistent with the
eclectic and often unconventional demographic of West Hollywood.
Distinct from neighboring structures, the building creates a strong relationship to the street by virtue of its large amount of highly usable
balcony area in the front façade. The building speaks volumes of a
changing notion of urban living.
Exterior views from rear
3
Urban Context
The budget was extremely tight and dictated the materials as well as the structural
system that was used. The builing is a wood framed construction with stucco, steel,
and corrugated metal. The stucco is a meterial that could speak to the neighborhood’s
character.
Site plan
Concept sketch
“Good design and small budget are not mutually exclusive,” he explains. “It’s a different way of thinking
about budget. You have to address it right up front.”
-Principal Lawrence Scarpa
4
3D site plan
Precedences
Orange Grove, West Hollywood CA
Interior spaces
JARED ANZURES
Main and second level floor plans
This project was tucked into a densely populated
neighborhood in the heart of Los Angeles. The
developer and architect wanted to allow people
the fexlibilty to come in and do their own thing.
The the spaces are open and flexible. Minimal is
the idea of the structure and materials. The openness and natural light are the valuable amenities
that make this project unique. The open floor plan
uses a double height ceiling with loft space above.
Works CitedGoogle earth, program, 2012
www.pugh-scarpa.com<http://www.pugh-scarpa.com/projects/orange.grove>
Milionis, Allison, Pugh + Scarpa: West Hollywood, CA, Architectural
Record, 07.05
Saieh , Nico . “Orange Grove / Brooks + Scarpa Architects” 04 Apr
2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 10 Sep 2012. <http://www.archdaily.
com/222860>
Interior images of the unites
5
Project Information
Architect:
Kathan, Schranz & Strolz
Client:
Laboratorio Di Construzione
Dell’ Architettura 1
Emilio Faroloi Paola Pleba
Location:
Innsbruck, Austria
Completed:
1996
Cost:
Area:
Capacity: Exterior views
2
8 units
Precedences
INNSBRUCK HOTTINGERAU
Site Description
JARED ANZURES
The housing project is situated on compact site that faces a very busy
road on the outskirts of Innsbruck. The other three streets are much
more quiet and lined with trees.
Exterior deck conditions
3
Urban Context
Built through a system of prefabrication designed by the architects.
The front of the building has compositional characters completely
different of that it surrounding, while the front facing the street is
particularly compact, the opposite sides
have been characterized by a series of bushes projecting
in a vacuum used as heat accumulator in winter season.
The south facade uses bay windows that act as green houses which
open to the unit with full height glass doors. The windows provide
a great view of the mountains and also function as a greenhouse
which reduce energy requirements of the building. The north facade
uses small side view windows that help with frontal vision.
4
Precedences
INNSBRUCK HOTTINGERAU
Concept Development
JARED ANZURES
The tight schedule was a key factor in the execution of the work.
The new residential building is was erected in just 11 months of
construction. The walls are products of recycled concrete that are
engaged elements. Prepared in modules already finished and
complete of all the layers necessary were used to form the coating.
The vertical side walls use wooden slats. There is an insulating layer
of rock wool, then a sheet of high thermal insulation, a vapor barrier,
and finishes off with a plasterboard interior system. The exterior
uses vertical window frames, with wooden doors and windows with
shutters.
The foundation is made of concrete that has recycled material in
the mix.
Works citedMostaedi, Arian, Apartment Buildings: Architectural Design, Carlos Broto & Josep Minguet
Publishers, Barcelona, 1999 pp. 68-75
Leonardo, Milan, The Elements of Construction: Document three, Polytechnic of Milan,
Faculty of Architecture and Societa_Corso Degree in Architectural Science. aa 2004-2005
Construction details
5
Space Block Hanoi Model
Architect:
Kazuhiro Kojima + Kazuko Akamatsu
Client: The Future Research Project of the Japanese Government
Location:
Hanoi, Vietnam
Completed:
June, 2003
Cost: $170,000 USD
Area: 467 m2 (5027 ft2)
Lot Size:
2 meters x 18 meters
Structure:
Reinforced Concrete
2
Interior renderings of the Space Block Hanoi Model
Precedences
Space Block Hanoi Model
Project Goal
Dan Teed
The goal of this project was to develop a high density
residential building that would produce low emissions. Vietnam has high very humidity and heat. Using natural
ventilation to replace costly mechanical systems, this
project successfully integrated courtyards and patios on
a three-dimensional level to achieve a comfortable living space.
Distribution of the age of air in intial model
Back-wind direction
Front-wind direction
This building section model shows the complex relationship between solid and void. The large amount of open space allows for air circulation and ventelation.
Side-wind direction
3
Urban Context
Hanoi is a large city, home to roughly six million people, primarily made of
up tiny single-family houses. These houses are shared by three to four
generations and are smashed together, only leaving room for tiny motorbike allies between rows of staked houses. The Space Block project is surrounded by an variety of residential structures, with only two meters of the
building fronting the street. The long, narrow site is a challenge to develop,
but is typical in large Asian cities. After only a decade of use, the project has deteriorated greatly. The architects
blame the poor condition of the building on poor construction quality and on
the lack of maintenance. 4
Precedences
Space Block Hanoi Model
Public or Private?
Dan Teed
Patios and courtyards play an important role in large cities in Vietnam. Traditionally, all homes have access to a
balcony or rooftop patio. In an interview, Kazuhiro Kojima
explained the importance of open spaces in his design. He said, “Traditional buildings were low, two stories at the
highest... At a time when cities are growing, we need to
redesign patios in a 3-D way.” The patios and atrium designed by Kojima not only provide air circulation, but also
provide ways of seeing and being seen - an important aspect of life in Hanoi. The Space Block Hanoi Model is a project that can only be understood in section. The above
sections cut through the building, exposing the voided spaces open to the public.
Each unit in the building is unique. The floor plans
are designed for the culture in which the building was constructed. The units are designed to
house several generations, but separate sleeping
quarters are provided for older generations. The
fifth floor of the project contains two penthouses,
while the lower four floors are designed for middle
class residents. 5
BedZed
Architect:
Bill Dunster Architect
Client: BioRegional
Location:
Beddington, Sutton, UK
Completed:
March, 2002
Cost: £24.821m ($40 millon USD)
Area: 4 acers
Total Units:
100
Usage:
75% Housing
25% Work Space
6
Developement Section
Roof Gardens
Southern Exposure
Student Projects
BedZed
Project Goal
Dan Teed
The goal of BedZed is not only to design a sustainable building, but to design a community in which the residents lead
sustainable lives. This is achieved through well-designed
passive systems, lowering automobile usage by providing
adequate public transit, by providing nearby job opportunities, and by educating and involving the residents. The development has a goal of zero carbon emissions and will be
monitored after completion for research purposes.
7
Urban Context
BedZed is located in South London. The site was a brownfield area, previously housing industrial factories. Currently, BedZed is surrounded by
single-family houses and small multifamily apartments. Its location is ideal
for a development of higher density, as
it provides easy access to many forms
of public transit. How residents travel to work
8
Student Projects
BedZed
Design Process
Dan Teed
Ideas for the development were initially presented by Bill Dunster in 1996. He chose the
site early on in the design process because
of the public transportation connections and
available brownfield land. The project put
a 35 mile radius limit for building materials
such as brick, concrete, and hardwood. The
original scheme had only a few unit types,
but the project now has four different unit
types: private ownership, shared ownership,
social housing, and low cost housing for onsite workers.
Proposed Site Plan
Conceptual Drawing
9
Sun Exposure and Termal Mass
Passive solar techniques play an important role in heating the unites
at BedZed. Houses are provided south facing terraces to maximize
heat gain. Every terrace is backed by a north facing office with minimal solar gain. Over 70% of the glass at BedZed is south facing,
allowing for solar gains in the winter.
Green roofs provide insulation in the winter and help
keep interior spaces cool in the summer. Ventilation
shafts allow hot air to rise out of the units during the
hot summer months. Thickly insulated walls help keep
in the heat generated by the sun. Below is a section
view of the walls at BedZed. They are composed of
dense concrete blocks with 300mm of rock insulation
and a skin of either local brick or local oak.
10
Student Projects
BedZed
Energy and Waste
Dan Teed
Electricity at BedZed was originally designed
to run off of a combined heat and power system fueled by 850 tons of local wood chips
per year. This system failed, however, and
the community is researching new methods of
generating power. 20% of the power currently comes from photovoltaic panels that were
originally installed to charge solar cars. BedZed has a “green water treatment plant” designed to clean all of the development’s wastewater so that the resulting “Green Water” could be used to
flush toilets and irrigate gardens. The site also collects rainwater. While the
rainwater collection works well, the water treatment facility proved to be too
costly to maintain and is no longer in operation. BedZed also has an extensive
recycling program.
11
Precedent Study
Comprehensive Studio
Cody Gabaldon
Prof. Jorg Reugemer
Social Housing Project
Mulhouse, France
Architect: Lacaton & Vassal
Client: SOMCO, Mulhouse
Year: 2005
Size: 2,262 m2 ~ 24,348 ft2 (14 Housing Units)
Cost: 1.05m€ ~ $1.24m ($96,000 per unit)
Project Description:
The goal of this project was to produce affordable quality housing that is
considerably larger than the standardized social housing. In order to do so, the
architects utilized a simple structural system that could maximize the surface area,
creating loft-like volumes with contrasting spatial qualities. This is accomplished by
juxtaposing two different structural systems.
The
ground
level
consists of a steel reinforced
concrete constructed in a
post/beam system, which acts
as a pedestal for the second
level. The ground level
consists of the majority of the
bedrooms, as well as the
living and kitchen spaces. A
small garage and bathroom
are also on the ground level
attached to each unit.
The second level is
constructed
of
standard
prefabricated
greenhouses
arranged in three rows
mounted atop the concrete
ground level. The exterior
load-bearing system consists
of a galvanized steel frame.
The
interior
load-bearing
system consists of lightweight
load-bearing party walls that
act independently from the
exterior system and help to
define private interior space.
The greenhouses are clad in
corrugated translucent and
opaque polycarbonate panels,
allowing for copious amounts
of light to enter the space
while still allowing for interior
privacy. (Detail 82) To reduce
the amount of unwanted solar
gain inside the second level,
the southernmost row is
insulated whereas the other two rows are designed with
insulated ceilings.
Flexible Interiors on the ground level provide a multitude of
configurations based on the individual tenants.
A translucent envelope and indoor-outdoor space create a
connection with the local environment.
This project was able
to
successfully
create
fourteen units that are twice
the size of the standard
French social housing. The
use of a relatively inexpensive
structural
system
and
envelope allowed for the
architects to create unique loft
spaces for the same price as
the standard French social
housing.
However,
the
vernacular created as a result
of this structural system
creates an atmosphere of a
renovated factory building in a
historical textile district in
Mulhouse.
Unit Types:
T2: 102 m2 (1,098 sqf)
T3: 128 m2 (1,378 sqf)
T4: 175 m2 (1,883 sqf)
T5: 175 m2 (1,883 sqf)
SECTION
GROUND LEVEL PLAN
SECOND LEVEL PLAN
Programmatic diagram showing the spatial relationship
between each unit.
The interior material palette complements the
vernacular of the neighborhood.
Well-lit interiors and flexible spaces allow for tenants to
inhabit the spaces in a way that best suits their needs.
Terraced Housing
Kanoya, Japan
Architect: NKS Architects
Client: Shozo Kobayashi/K’s Work Net
Year: 2002
Size: 505.96 m2 ~5,545 ft2 (9 Housing Units, 2 Commercial)
Cost: $3.41m
Project Description:
The goal of this project is to mediate the impact the automobile has on the
lifestyle of people in residential areas. This project has dual access points depending on
the user. Commercial traffic is situated on the north side of the facility whereas
residential access is on the south side. This orientation relates to the contextual
situation of the site in a way that integrates commercial space in a residential
neighborhood.
A variety of terraced housing units
permeate the building and are closely
interlocked with each other. This spatial
configuration creates a rhythm that is
further emphasized by the structure. The
smaller apartments are designed with the
living space, kitchen, and bathroom on
the ground level with a small sleeping
space in a loft above that can be reached
by ladder. All other units have the
bathroom located on the second floor,
access via a lightweight steel staircase.
The concrete structural system
provides an opportunity for the architects
to design the units around a two-story
void, which helps to create an overall
impression of space and light. The
interior material pallet is kept relatively
simple, as to not distract the user from
the beautiful simplicity of the space.
Exposed concrete walls and light gauge
Compact interior arrangement. (CITE THIS)
steel stairs coupled with light colored
parquet floors help to reflect the light
that enters the space through a large
curtain wall on the south façade.
Due to the sub tropic climate, the
majority of energy consumption is
attributed to cooling the building.
Therefore, deep eaves on the south
façade shade the interior from the
summer sun, while louvered windows on
both the south and north facades
facilitate cross ventilation. The structure
was also designed with thermal
insulation inside the roof slab to help
further reduce cooling needs.
Floor-to-ceiling windows allow light to permeate
the interior. (CITE THIS)
Precedent Analysis
Chesterfield Project Application
Contextual analysis of
the Chesterfield neighborhood
in West Valley, Utah revealed
a need for neighborhood
revitalization. The proposal for
the neighborhood is to build a
high
density
mixed-use
housing
TOD
(Transit
Oriented Development) along
the existing train line. The
project includes housing units
as well as retail and light
commercial
space.
An
important determinant in the
proposal’s success is the
overall cost in relation to the
quality of design. Therefore,
construction techniques as
well as the efficient use of
space must be considered.
Project site’s existing condition.
The existing TRAX line is an important asset in
the location of the project.
The Social Housing
project by Lacaton & Vassal
Architects is an example of
a creative approach to
creating
high
quality
affordable housing. The
choice to use prefabricated
greenhouses as a structural
system not only allowed for
extreme flexibility in terms of
spatial layouts, but it was
also highly cost-effective.
The spatial flexibility allows
for multiple unit layouts,
which not only appeals to a
larger audience but also
gives the occupants a sense
of ownership. This method
of creating unit variety is
something that will lend itself
well to the Chesterfield
neighborhood,
where
a
prominent sense of self is valued.
Also, the spatial flexibility allows
for an adaptability in the use of
the building in the future.
Although the use of
greenhouses as a building
structure might not be viable for
the Chesterfield climate, the
notion
of
prefabricated
construction is something that
should be considered for the
project. The use of offsite
construction allow for projects to
be completed thirty percent
sooner than a building that is
constructed using typical onsite
construction methods. (Smith 84)
This will allow for the units to be
leased sooner, thus providing
more income for the owner.
The proposed project must consider the implications of
locating a high density TOD near low-density residential
neighborhoods.
The desire for a high-density project on this site requires an efficient use of
programmatic space, similar to the Terraced Housing project by NKS Architects. The
integration of commercial and residential space into a relatively small footprint was
accomplished by a very complex understanding of the spatial relationships of each unit.
The spatial organization in both horizontal and vertical orientations allows the architects
to maximize the use of space with minimal dead space. This tactic will be useful when
designing the housing project in the Chesterfield neighborhood because of the desire to
create a high-density TOD without dominating the current scale of the residential
neighborhood. Being able to maximize the program in a reasonable scale will allow us
to utilize the site’s potential in a way that can complement the neighborhood.
Sources
Referenced Works
French, Hilary. "Chapter 1 Terraces and Row Houses." New Urban Housing. New
Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2006. N. pag. Print.
Gausa, Manuel, and Jaime Salazar. "Combinative Systems." Housing: New
Alternatives, New Systems. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2002. 174-76. Print.
"Lacaton & Vassal." Lacaton & Vassal. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=19>.
"Project." Row House in Kanoya. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.nksarc.com/e/works/houses/kanoya/outline01.php>.
Schittich, Christian, and Andrea Wiegelmann. In Detail Semi-detached and Terraced
Houses. Munich: Ed. Detail, 2006. N. pag. Print.
Smith, Ryan E. Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and
Construction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Print.
Project Information
Onion Flats - Patrick McDonald,
Architect:
Timothy McDonald
Client:
Onion Flats
Location:
Philadelphia, PA
Completed:2006
Cost:
$3.6 Million
Area:
25,000 square feet
Units:
11
Image Courtesy of Architectural Record
Image Courtesy of Architectural Record
Image Courtesy of Onion Flats
2
Image Courtesy of Architectural Record
Precedences
Rag Flats, Philadelphia
Site Description
Russell Dilworth
Rag Flats is a multi-family housing development. The site originially was home to a factory that produced rags. Hence the name,
“Rag Flats”. The site is located in the Fishtown District of Philadelphia. Fishtown refers to an area in Philadelphia near the Delaware
River where in the 1830s people caught fresh fish. Currently, Fishtown
is inhabited by a close community of working-class people. 10 years
previous to the development, the factory had been used as a dump.
The site is located a few
blocks from the Delaware River and local industrial district.
Image courtesy of Onion Flats
The old rag factory at time
of purchase was full of trash
and occupied by ferrel cats.
Google Earth image
3
Urban Context
Until Rag Flats was built, Fishtown was a dying neighborhood. Many vacant buildings ran rampant throughout. Rather than tear down existing
buildings, Onion flats chose to show the neighborhood that revitalizing
existing buildings is the most sustainable way to revitalize a community. Rag Flats acknowledges the urban context by holding the street
edge true and following the vertical articulation of existing buildings.
Google Earth Image
Rag Flats captures the industrial heritage of the local community. At each entry, the
user is thrust directly onto the
street to maximize its liveliness and invites social situations with the overall community.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/archipreneur/3376597727/
4
http://www.flickr.com/photos/archipreneur/3376597727/
Precedences
Rag Flats, Philadelphia
Concept Development
Russell Dilworth
Onion Flats describes Rag Flats as, “...an experiment in and a critique of sustainable forms of urban dwelling.” They pushed urban design that captures sustainability through passive strategies first and active systems second. The design of each
unit started by following common housing types in Philadelphia: The Row House, The Trinity, The Loft, and The Pavilion.
Image Courtesy of Onion Flats
Image Courtesy of Architectural Record
Rag Flats maximizes green
space: Bamboo gardens are
laced throughout the courtyard, the parking lot is laid with
turf pavers, green roofs cover
the units, and community gardens are placed throughout.
The development is oriented to
capture prevailing winds and
funnel it through the site. From
there, each unit finds exposure
to the courtyard via pushed
out forms in the facade. Operable windows allow wind to
flow directly into the interiors.
Image Courtesy of Onion Flats
5
Project Information
Architect:
Lundgaard & Tranberg
Client:
Fonden Tietgenkollegiet
Location:
Copenhagen, Denmark
Completed:
Fall 2006
Cost:
$64.25 million
Area:
117,919 square feet
Capacity:
360 dwellings
Center Courtyard
2
Center Courtyard
Precedences
Tietgen Dormitory
Site Description
Rosemary Shkëmbi
Tietgen Dormitory is located in Orestad Nord, next to Copenhagen Universtiy and the IT University. It is situted between two canals to the east
and west. The dormitory stands out as a bold architectural statement
amongt the surrounding plain, rectilinear buildings. The radial form directs attention outward to the city’s panorama. It connects the area with
the densified stacked cells reaching out and bringing people into its
center core of social life.
Site Plan
Landscape Plan
3
Drawings and Diagrams
1. Kitchen
2. Common Room
3. Corridor
4. Dormitory Room
5. Portal
6. Parking Garage
The circular design of the Tietgen Dormitory is composed of 360 dwelling units divided into 30 housing groups each with a kitchen, living and
12 individual dormitory rooms. The whole form has 5 segments holding
these housing groups, the 5 segments are switched around like gears
to create the dynamic stacked form. The living spaces are limited to the
upper six floors while the main level is dedicated to the common facilities such as laundry, bike room, administration and, study rooms.
Dormitory Section and Plan
4
Formal Diagrams
Precedences
Tietgen Dormitory
Communal Concept
Rosemary Shkëmbi
Tiegten Dormitory is centered around the concept of joining the collective and the individual. The individual units lie along the exterior perimeter of the building in three varying depths which creates a nice juxtaposition between the overall concept of equality
of the circular scheme and the individual unit. This makes for a uniqe crystaline form.
The communal spaces such as the communal kitchen and communal living portrude
outward towards each other into the center courtyard, emphasizing the focus on community interaction.
1. Entrance
2. Elevator
3. Common Kitchen
4. Common Rooms
5. Pantry
6. One-room unit
7. Two-room unit
8. Balcony/Terrace
Communal Kitchen
Public
Private
Stacked Communal Living
5
Project Information
Architect:
dRMM Architects
Client:
Roger Zogolovitch / Solidspace
Location:
London, UK
Completed:2003
Cost:
$1.9 million
Area:
6,652 square feet
Capacity:
4 residential units
Formal Diagram
2
Stairwell
Precedences
No. One Centaur Street
Site Description
Rosemary Shkëmbi
No. One Centaur is located on a brownfield site bordering a railway viaduct. The narrow site used be a scrapyard for years. It is an example of
a hybrid that the architects call “the European horizontal apartment and
the English vertical terraced house”. The alley way between the building and the viaduct along with the vertical circulation creates a buffer
between the living spaces and the viaduct.
Narrow alley between viaduct and building
Site Plan
Back of Building
3
Live/Work Spaces
No. One Centaur recognizes the changing needs of the modern, urban household. The
units have double entries and large double height spaces which creates a flexible space
that can be subdivided into working and living spaces. The architects currently use the
ground floor as their office.
4
Precedences
No. One Centaur Street
Materials
Rosemary Shkëmbi
The building appears to have a wooden screen over a concrete frame,
it was conceived to appear as an ‘inside-out’ appearance. In reality it is
all concrete. The Interior is covered with textrured concrete walls. The
exterior is clad with fibre cemene panels which are prefabricated to look
like a wooden rainscreen. Other than the site cast concrete all other
components are prefabricated. The architects use a catalogue design
methodology, where they use international components to create a nonstandard design with standard elements.
Interior Shell
Wood Textured Concrete
5
Precedences
Project Information
Architect:
Teeple Architects, LLP
Client:
Toronto Community Housing
Location:
Toronto, Canada
Completed:
March, 2010
Cost:
$20.4 million
Area:
99,565 square feet
Capacity:
85 Units
Bridge over Troubled Water
interior circulation
1
60 Richmond Mixed Use Development
Shawn Poor
Concept Development
When Designing the 60 Richmond housing, Teeple
wanted to bring green space into the building without
disrupting the fabric of the city. This was done by taking
a solid form and carving away at it to create a number of
voids in the space for gardens and grow walls.
Process Models
2
Precedences
Urban Context
The location of 60 Richmond housing is in the center of a dense metropolitan
area with a strong city fabric. A majority of the buildings in the area are older and
made of masonry. Teeple decided it was better not to try to mimic the metirials
in the area butto still keep the street front strong.
3
60 Richmond Mixed Use Development
Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
On the roof as well as mid way up there are garden spaces for
the occupants to grow crops. The layer of soil created by these
gardens helps to insulate the building during Toronto’s long winter months.
Shawn Poor
Walls of Passive ventalation system
A key component of the buildings efficiency is the central core
with incorporated grow wall. The core is a shaft through the
whole building that allows for the warm air to be taken up and
released through the top. The green spaces along the way create a micro climate creating comfortable living spaces for the
residents.
Bibliography
Saieh , Nico . “60 Richmond Housing Cooperative / Teeple Architects” 02 Nov 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed 09 Sep 2012.
<http://www.archdaily.com/85762>
Kolleeny, Jane F. “60 Richmond Housing Co-Op.” Architectural Record. july 2010: n. page. Print.
4
Precedences
Project Information
Architect:
Tighe Architecture, LLP
Client:
West Hollywood Community
Housing Corporation
Location:
Beverly Hills, CA
Completed:
April, 2010
Cost:
$20 million
Area:
35,000 square feet
Capacity:
42 1 Bedroom Units
View from the corner of Sierra Bonita and Santa Monica Blvd.
Balcony of larger unit
Each Unit Averaged 640 Square Feet
Sun Shades on Windows
1
Concept Development
Sierra Bonita Affordable Low Rise Housing
The Design of the Sierra Bonita Housing complex faced
a number of problems. One of which was keeping people in them and off the streets. Tighe Architecture had
a theory that is it was a well designed building it would
create an environment that gave people a reason to
stay and desire for Ownership. Tighe wanted an organic theme throughout which is apparent in the buildings core and windows. Also through the greenery and
organic spaces in the Courtyard
Shawn Poor
Window Screens designed to match the core and block direct sun
Image caption is 7 pt
Design Process of the Lattuce Core
2
Precedences
Urban Context
There was a great deal of push back from
the local community who were worried
about what low income housing would do
to the area along with the added traffic to
their already over congested streets.
Located in the Business district of West Hollywood’s busy Santa
Monica BLVD the Sierra Bonita Housing takes a corner lot. Due
to its low income occupants it was placed on this main street
so that they could have good access to west Hollywood public
transit system.
3
Structure
The entire five story complex sits around an eccentric brace frame core. The core is not
just a structural element however. The core creates a lattice that surrounds the internal
courtyard and is incased in pink fiberglass to keep with the organic look of the building
‘s cladding. When the structure is combined with the fiberglass including its organic
nature it becomes hard to tell where exactly the structure is running. The Core provides
lateral support for the rest of the steel framed building.
Integration of the structural core
4
Sierra Bonita Affordable Low Rise Housing
Shawn Poor
Student Projects
Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
The exterior courtyard or Bamboo Forrest as it is called was designed to create a micro climate that would in turn cool the surrounding units. The micro climate was achieved by bringing in
lots of plat material such as bamboo and shading the space with
the structure its self. Each unit has a window that opens up to
the courtyard allowing for cross ventilation through their unit.
Both the roof and the west side of the building are covered with
an array of photo voltaic panels to power the building. This housing complex was created to set a new standard in sustainability
in west Hollywood and has done so elegantly.
5
Sierra Bonita Affordable Low Rise Housing
Related Tighe Project
After the Completion of the Sierra Bonita Housing,
tighe architecture began designing another Hollywood
affordable housing project determined to correct mistakes they found in their first design as it pertained to
a sense of community. On the first they put porches
on the interior to encourage community interaction but
this was unsuccessful because they were just used for
storing junk and took away from the community feel of
the space. On the new project the balconies are on the
exterior to prevent hallway obstruction.
Bibliography
Tighe, Patrick. “Affordable Housing.” Rosefellow Conference. Illinois, Chicago. 04/20/2010. Lecture
Donahue, Dick ; Skip Publishers Weekly, June 28, 2010, Vol.257(25), p.30(50)
. “Sierra Bonita affordable mixed use housing.” Tighe Architecture. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Sep 2012. <http://www.
tighearchitecture.com/Residential-SierraBonita2.html>.
6
Shawn Poor
Precedences
Gardner 1050
Project Information
Travis Nicholes
Architect:
LOHA Architects
Client:
Habitat Group Los Angeles, LLC
Location:
1050 North Gardner Street,
West Hollywood, California
Completed:
February 2006
Cost:
$2.4 million
Area:
27,000 square feet, three story
Capacity:
10-units, multifamily
Entry
Courtyard
1
Site Description
Urban Context
Travis Nicholes
Precedences
Gardner 1050
Travis Nicholes
Gardner 1050 is a reinvigoration of existing housing typologies. It creates new
opportunities in a tight housing market. It is centered around the courtyard, but
in alternative ways. It is located in the eastern section of West Hollywood south
of Monica Boulevard. The utilization of a variety of design strategies aided in
this infill-development to help in the urbanism growth of the area.
Gardner 1050 is located on North Gardner Street off Santa Monica Boulevard in eastern West Hollywood. It is located between Beverly Hills and
Hollywood. It is central location and is close to all that the neighborhood and L.A. have to offer. West Hollywood is a pedestrian-friendly 1.9
square miles of high-end shopping, nightlife, and inventive dining. Other
attractions include Sunset Strip, Santa Monica Boulevard, art galleries,
parks, music venues and the Pacific Design Center. Its location also offers
easy access to LA’s Westside, Downtown and the San Fernando Valley.
Facade
Walkways
3
Concept Development
Gardner 1050
Travis Nicholes
Student Projects
Gardner 1050
Travis Nicholes
The project is a result of studies into how various housing typologies could be re-invigorated to
create new opportunities for living within the e tight economic and special parameters of the
market. The outcome is a medium-density courtyard housing development. It is a cubic form that
wraps around a central courtyard. The units have been reduced and expanded in areas allowing a
change in materials. This helped in the varying of the perception of façade and scale.
The ultimate strength of the project is revealed from inside the “void” that is the courtyard.
The courtyard strikes a delicate balance between intimate and expansive, or the inside and the outside. The landscaping has native drought tolerant species. Vertical cables creep up to the third level
walkways creating the scaffolding for a “hanging garden”. This vertical foliage helps to moderate
the strong urban quality of the courtyard, helps to provide a peaceful oasis open to the sky. This
sense of openness is further enhanced by the used of steel gratings for walkways that allows light
to filter down into the courtyard.
5
Project Information
Architect:
SHoP Architect
Client:
Jeffrey M. Brown Associates and SHoP
Location:
66 Ninth Avenue, New York, NY
Completed:
December 2003
Cost:
$22 million
Area:
51,460 square feet, three story
Capacity:
22 units, Mixed-Use Condominium
Porter House
Travis Nicholes
Site Description
Student Projects
Porter House
Travis Nicholes
What is great about the building is its unique positioning and innovative integration onto an existing building. Yet it isn’t overpower and screaming “look at
me”. This building quickly has become one of my favorites in New York. IT is
Located near the High Line and Frank Gehry’s IAC building.
7
Concept Development
Porter House
Travis Nicholes
Student Projects
Porter House
Travis Nicholes
Porter House is a innovative approach of merging the old with the new. Taking
an old warehouse and blending the new with it. SHoP architects fascinate the
observer with a play of material, light and proportions. Transforming it from
a run-down warehouse to a dynamic new landmark for the city of New York.
The lower part of the $22 million project is a careful restoration of a brick Renaissance Revival warehouse built for Julius Wile, wine importers, in 1905
9