zachodniopomorskie voivodeship development strategy

Transcription

ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP REGIONAL PARLIAMENT
ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE
VOIVODESHIP DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY
Szczecin, June 2010
1
Marshall Władysław Husejko – Chairman of the Department responsible for updates to the
"Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to 2020”
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy was prepared by
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshall’s Office Regional Policy Department staff.
Head of Department: Jacek Baraniecki
Hanna Galewska
Katarzyna Kicińska
Dorota Pawłowska
Sławomir Doburzyński
Marek Niewiarowski
Rafał Niewiarowski
Jerzy Ruszała
Paweł Szeremet
Experts:
Małgorzata Kołodziej-Nowakowska
Dariusz Zarzecki
2
the
Table of contents
———————————————————————————————
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates ........................................................................ 5
2. Diagnosis of the socio-ecenomic situation............................................................................. 7
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Environmental Conditions................................................................................................. 8
2.2. Demography ................................................................................................................... 10
2.3. Social capital .................................................................................................................. 13
2.4. Local government........................................................................................................... 17
2.5. Health Care ................................................................................................................... 20
2.6. Culture............................................................................................................................ 22
2.7. Education ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.8. Labour market.............................................................................................................. 32
2.9 Economy.......................................................................................................................... 36
2.9.1. Industry................................................................................................................... 39
2.9.2. Trade and services .................................................................................................. 42
3.9.3. Construction ........................................................................................................... 44
2.9.4. Agriculture ............................................................................................................. 47
2.9.5. Forestry................................................................................................................... 50
2.9.6 Tourism ................................................................................................................... 52
2.9.7. Maritime economy ................................................................................................. 56
2.10. Innovativeness............................................................................................................. 60
2.11. Science ......................................................................................................................... 63
2.12. Information society .................................................................................................... 65
2.13. Transport ...................................................................................................................... 69
2.13.1. Road infrastructure............................................................................................ 69
2.13.2. Railway infrastructure....................................................................................... 70
2.13.3. Air transport ....................................................................................................... 71
2.13.4. Water transport.................................................................................................. 72
2.1.4 Energy .......................................................................................................................... 74
2.14.1 Generation of electricity and heat. ........................................................................ 74
2.14.2. Gas network.......................................................................................................... 75
2.14.3 Renewable energy sources .................................................................................... 75
2.15.2. Air pollution ......................................................................................................... 80
2.15.3. Waste.................................................................................................................... 80
2.16. Municipal economy...................................................................................................... 82
2.16.1. Water supply ........................................................................................................ 82
2.16.2. Sewage ................................................................................................................. 82
2.16.3. Waste management .............................................................................................. 83
2.19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants ........................................................... 92
2.20. Horizontal Perspectives ............................................................................................. 96
2.20.1. The Cross-border Dimension ............................................................................ 96
2.20.2. International Cooperation..................................................................................... 97
2.20.3. Metropolitan Dimension and the Role of Conurbation .................................. 99
2.20.4. Rural Areas......................................................................................................... 100
2.20.5 Public spaces and revitalization .......................................................................... 101
2.21 Synthetic indicator of communes development .......................................................... 104
3. Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship ............................................ 105
3.1. Key challenges ............................................................................................................. 107
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Table of contents
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4. Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions. ........................................ 108
5. Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development
Strategy ................................................................................................................................. 147
5.1. Instruments used to implement the Strategy ................................................................ 147
5.1.1. Strategies and viovodeship’s programmes ........................................................... 147
5.1.2. Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship ........... 148
5.1.3. Long-term Investment Programme ...................................................................... 149
5.1.4. Territorial contract................................................................................................ 150
5.2. Cohesion of Development Strategy of Voivodeship with national strategic
documents. ................................................................................................................ 150
5.3. Strategy and area development plan of the voivodeship.............................................. 152
5.4. Financial sources of the Strategy.................................................................................. 153
5.5. Institutions responsible for accomplishment of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Development Strategy ................................................................................................ 154
5.6. Time frames of the Strategy accomplishment ......................................................... 154
5.7 Strategy monitoring....................................................................................................... 155
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Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates
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1. Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates
The Board of the Voivodeship is responsible for establishing the regional development
policy. The basis for its creation constitutes the voivodeship's development strategy - a long
term document defining the policy direction and objectives, which are to be achieved within a
given time frame.
The currently binding Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to
2020 together with the environmental impact Forecast was accepted by the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship regional parliament (Sejmik) by Resolution No.
XXVI/303/05 of 19 December 2005.
The necessity to update to the Strategy stems from the Resolution of 6 December 2006
on the principles of development strategy implementation (consolidated text Dz. U. (Journal
of Laws) No. 84 item 712 of 2009), as well as the permanently changing external and internal
conditions for the development of the voivodeship.
During the course of implementing the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Development Strategy (ZVDS), the following actions were carried out:
1) a diagnosis of the current Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship’s socio-economic position
2) 6 strategic objectives have been defined with 36 directional objectives assigned to them;
activities describing the methods of implementing the ZVDS, which do not constitute
further levels within the structure of its implementation but correspond to individual
directional objectives.
3) an implementation indicator has been defined
4) a method for implementation has been prescribed together with the ZVDS financial
framework
5) ZVDS notes have been coordinated with the strategic objectives' documents on the
national level: National Development Strategy, Cohesion Strategy, National Strategy for
Regional Development project and the voivodeships spatial development plan
6) a revision of the ZVDS environmental impact assessment has been carried out.
The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy revision has been
carried out in the following stages:
1) Commencement of strategy revision – resolution no. 105/09 of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Management on commencement of works in order to
prepare changes to the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to
2020 (29th January 2009), Ordinance no. 12/09 of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Marshall on the appointment of a Department to deal with the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship Development Strategy up to 2020 revision (6th of February 2009).
Voivodeship Marshall Mr Władysław Husejko becomes the head of the aforementioned
Department.
2) Drawing up of a diagnosis of the current Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship’s socioeconomic position (from January to February 2009)
a) Drawing up of a diagnosis by the Department for revisions in cooperation with the
competent departments of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshalls Office and
external experts
b) a questionnaire based survey of the Zachodniopomorskie tertiary government units
(from March to May 2009)
c) workshops on the following subjects: economy and entrepreneurship, spatial planning
and environment, society, undertaken in two stages: 1st, 3rd and 5th of April and 11th,
15th and 18th of May 2009
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Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates
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3) Regional Development Management1 meetings – taking place on the 23 rd of
February, 20th, 24th and 27th of April and 23rd of June 2009
4) Commencement of proceedings in order to carry out an environmental impact
strategic evaluation (3rd of June 2009), the drawing up of a ZVDS Environmental
Impact Forecast (July 2009)
5) Acceptance by the Voivodeship Board of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Development Strategy together with the ZVDS Environmental Impact Forecast and
forwarding of these documents for social consultations (August 2009)
6) ZVDS social consultations together with tertiary government units, social and economic
partners as well as Joint Government and Local Government Committee (from August
2009 to February 2010)
7) Drawing up of a report on the consultations proceedings and outcomes (February
2010)
8) Acceptance by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship regional parliament of the
information pertaining to the diagnosis of the current Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship’s socio-economic position (16th February 2010)
9) Acceptance by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship regional parliament of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy together with the ZVDS
Environmental Impact Forecast documents (June 2010)
10) Publication of the resolution on accepting the ZVDS in the voivodeship’s journal of
laws (September 2010)
1
Kolegium Rozwoju Regionalnego is a formula for periodic consultations between the Marshall of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship and the district representatives regarding the most important aspects of
regional development.
6
Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation
Introduction
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2. Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation
Based on the evaluation carried out by experts of the individual aspects of the socioeconomic situation a diagnosis of the voivodeship state and a SWOT analysis have been
carried out. These constitute the basis for the determination of the objectives defining the
frameworks of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development strategy implementation.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship diagnosis relates to processes and occurrences
which took place within its boundaries form 2009. Where it was necessary and possible the
diagnosis was supplemented by a forecast. The spatial variability of the occurrences is
presented based on statistical data collected according to the administrative partitions as well
as according to NUTS2 tertiary units.
The SWOT analysis constitutes the content of appendix 1. Strategic and directional
objectives built on the basis of the diagnosis constitute the executive part of the Strategy.
Introduction
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship lies in the North-West part of Poland. Its location
on the South-West cost of the Baltic Sea constitutes a key determinant of its potential and
development perspectives. Total length of the voivodeship borders is 873.9 km, whereas the
western national border with Germany is 188.9 km, sea coast line is 188.9 km, southern
border with the Wielkopolska Voivodeship is 197.4 km, the Lubuskie Voivodeship is 216.9
km and the eastern border with the Pomorskie Voivodeship is 190.9 km. The voivodeship
encompasses an area of 22 902 sq. km. (5th largest in Poland), which constitutes 7.3% of the
total area of the country.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was established on the basis of a national
administrative reform, in force since the 1st of January 1999, by amalgamating the ex
voivodeships of Szczecin, Koszalin, 1 communes of the Gorzowskie Voivodeship, 5
communes of the Pilskie Voivodeship and 3 communes of the Słupskie Voivodeship.
The voivodeship capital is Szczecin, the main administrative economic and cultural
centre of the region, with 406.9 thousand inhabitants. The other large urban areas are:
Koszalin (107.1 thousand inhabitants), Stargard Szczeciński (70.1 thousand inhabitants),
Kołobrzeg (44.9 thousand inhabitants), Świnoujście (40.8 thousand inhabitants) and
Szczecinek (38.2 thousand inhabitants).
2
Nomenclature of Tertiary Units for Statistical Purposes (drawn up on the basis of Nomenclature of Territorial
Units for Statistics – NUTS) is used in the process of data collection, performing statistical research and
publicising it periodically. It divides Poland into territorial, hierarchical, connected units on 5 levels: regions,
voivodeships and sib-regions (on the regional level), districts and communes (on the local level). The current set
of sub-regions on NUTS 3 level is valid until the end of 2008. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 4 subregions have been distinguished: Koszaliński (districts: Sławieński, Koszaliński, Kołobrzeski, Białogardzki,
Świdwiński, Szczecinecki, Drawski, Wałecki, M. Koszalin), Stargardzki (districts: Gryficki, Łobeski,
Stargardzki, Choszczeński, Pyrzycki, Myśliborski), Szczeciński (districts: Kamieński, Goleniowski, Policki,
Gryfiński, M. Świnoujście) and the city of Szczecin.
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2. Demography
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2.1 Environmental Conditions
The voivodeship is characterised by a higher than the national average percentage of
land covered by forests and one of the highest saturation of surface waters. It is also
distinguished by a large number and the largest area of lands designated for special protection
of birds and their habitats.
The voivodeship enjoys a moderate climate, in the coastal belt warm sea climate,
whereas inland, warm temporary. It is formed by the proximity of the sea, large inland water
reservoirs and extensive forests. The varied landscape was formed by glacial activities and its
melt waters, as well as the influence of the Baltic Sea and its winds. Two main geographical
lands of the voivodeship are PobrzeŜe Południowobałtyckie and Pojezierze Pomorskie.
Glacial soils, mostly podsolis and brown soils are predominant in the region. In the proximity
of Pyrzyce and Stargard Szczeciński, charnozem can be found and on quite large areas within
the voivodeship – peat soils. The region beds of contains natural energy sources (natural gas,
oil) and siderite iron ores, limestone, marlite, lake marls, loams, ceramic clays, erinaceous
quartz, as well as healing raw materials (peloid peats, thermal waters).
Surface waters constitute about 5.2% of the voivodeship area, this percentage is only higher in
the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. The largest inland water basin of the region is the
Zalew Szczeciński, furthermore numerous lakes create lake districts: Wałeckie, Ińskie,
Myśliborskie and Choszczeńskie. There are 172 lakes in the voivodeship, with total area of 50
ha. The largest are: Dąbie, Miedwie, Drawsko, Wielimie, Betyń, Ińsko and Woświn. The
most important rivers in the voivodeship are: Odra with its tributaries (Myśl, Płonia, Ina),
Drawa, Gwda and the Pryzmorze rivers: Świniec, Parsęta (with Radwia) and Wieprz (With
Grabowa) which flow directly into the Baltic Sea. The mouth of the River Oder by the Baltic
Sea (through the Zalew Szczeciński Delta bounded by the Dźwina, Świna and Piany straights)
constitutes a unique hydrological system on a World scale. The water assets of the
voivodeship are also supplemented by 11 Main Groundwater Reservoirs, which are also a
source of potable water.
It has one of Poland’s highest ratios of usable groundwater reserves of 8.9% in
comparison with 12% for Mazowieckie Voivodeship and 9.4% for Wielkopolskie
Voivodeship.
The voivodeship is characterised by an immense environmental richness and variety
and large ratio of forests. In 2008, forests constituted 36.7% of the total area (with the national
average of 29.6%), 99.0% of which belong to the State Treasury. The forests predominantly
lie in the southern and eastern parts of the voivodeship. Dense forest complexes form
primeval forests with particular environmental and economic importance: Goleniowski,
Bukowy, Piaskowy, Barlinecki, Wkrzański and Wałecki (Wałecko-Drawski forests). The
Koszalińsko-Białogradzki and Czułowsko-Szczeciński forests are also large complexes.
The areas with the largest environmental value are formed in belts. The border region
is encompassed by the Odra Valley belt. The coastal belt runs along the coastline, latitudinally
through the central part of the voivodeship runs the central belt, and along the southern
voivodeship border - the southern belt.
In order to preserve the unique environmental heritage, the Wolin National Park and
Drawno National Park have been established within the voivodeship, (jointly with the
Lubuskie Voivodeship) as well as 7 natural landscape parks, 83 nature reserves and 20
landscape protection areas. In total 21.3% of the voivodeship area is protected by the above
mentioned forms of protection. After the Polish accession to the European Union, areas within
the borders of the voivodeship have been included in the European Ecological Network
Natura 2000. They encompass 19 areas of special protection for birds, which constitute 28%
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2. Demography
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of the voivodeship area and 41 areas of special protection for habitats, encompassing 27% of
the area.
Map 1. Natura 2000 areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
source: Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Regional Spatial Economy Office.
Challenges: Ensuring appropriate effectiveness of the activities aimed at preserving the
biological variety entails cooperation at the local and voivodeship government level as well as
on the international stage. The national border location of the voivodeship determines its
share in the transborder projects and enterprises aimed at preserving the biological balance as
well as common ecological problem solving both in cooperation with Mecklenburg –
Vorpommern and Brandenburg as well as in the Baltic Sea region. The preservation of the
balance between natural reserves of the region and their exploitation for development is also a
challenge.
9
2. Demography
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2.2. Demography
4.44% of the population of the whole country lives in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship and is in 11th place with regards to the number of inhabitants which during 2004
– 2008 decreased in the region from 1 694 865 to 1 692 957.
The voivodeship is one of the most sparsely populated regions in Poland, with the indicator
value of 74 people/sq. km., and nationally is in 13th place with the national average of 122
people/sq. km. In city areas, an average of 848 people per 1 sq. km is observed (including 1
354 people/sq. km in Szczecin, 1 286 people/sq. km in Koszalin, 207 people/sq. km in
Świnoujście). In urban communes population density is 984 people/sq. km, whereas in the
least populated communes it is 33 (Drawsko commune) to 36 people/sq. km (Łobez
commune). The following communes have the highest populations: city of Szczecin - 406 941
people, Stargardzka - 119 248 people and the city of Koszalin - 107 146 people. In 2008 the
following communes had the smallest populations3: Łobez (38 162) and Pyrzyce (40 002).
For every 100 males there are 106 females. The largest number of females per 100 males are
observed in Szczecin and Koszalin (111) and Kołobrzeg commune (108), the smallest in
Koszalin, Choszczno and Pyrzyce communes (101). A decrease in the proportion of preworking age population as to the working and retirement age population persists
Figure 1. Gender and age structure of the voivodeship population in 2008
male
80+
75-79
16 824
70-74
33 424
30 232
21 965
65-69
24 776
60-64
41 141
55-59
age groups
female
13 567
34 892
32 170
45 711
64 780
50-54
70 546
70 970
45-49
75 010
59 043
40-44
60 288
50 128
35-39
49 563
55 514
30-34
54 227
67 281
25-29
65 215
74 424
20-24
71 228
70 782
15-19
67 738
58 385
10-14
55 953
48 153
46 086
5-9
41 172
38 710
0-4
42 532
40 527
-20 000
0
no. of inhabitants
20 000
-80 000
-60 000
-40 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
source: own work based on BDR GUS data.
Permanent internal and foreign migration for each 1 000 inhabitants in the voivodeship
was -0.8, and this indicator was the same for all cities – 2.1 and 1.9 for villages. There are
196 411 disabled people, i.e. 11.6% of the total population.
The degree of urbanisation for the voivodeship, at 68.8% in 2008 was higher than the
indicator for the whole of Poland at 61.1%. Two large cities, Szczecin and Koszalin,
congregate 30% of the voivodeship’s population and 44% of its urban population. As much as
half the population of the voivodeship lives in cities, and in small cities – 19%. 52 cities
3
.Actual accommodation as of 21 XII
10
2. Demography
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(82%) have less than 20 000 inhabitants, out of which 31 have no more than 5 000. Half of the
voivodeship’s population lives in 11 of the largest cities, 11, whereas 19% of the population
and 28% of the urban inhabitants live in small cities. During 1998 – 2008 almost only the
communes lying in the Szczecin and Koszalin agglomerations and around Kołobrzeg have
observed an increase in population. A decrease in the population numbers occurred mainly
within areas situated outside of urban agglomerations, in the central and southern parts of the
voivodeship, where a lack of strong urban centers can be observed (Drawsko, Choszczno,
Myślibórz, Pyrzyce, Szczecin and Wałec communes). When it comes to the communes of
Złocieniec, Drawno, Tuczno and Krzęcin the negative migration balance is combined with a
negative population growth.
Figure 2. Summary of percentage share for selected demographic parameters of the voivodeship as
compared to the national population totals and other voivodeships in 2008
population in
the pre-working
age group
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
19,1%
population in
the working age
group
65,9%
population in
the retirement 15,0%
age group
population in
cities
0%
68,8%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Voivodeship ranking position
The voivodeship maintains positive natural growth. In 2008 it increased to the level of
1.1 and exceeded the national value of 0.9 which puts the voivodeship in 9th place. The
predicted lifespan for a newborn baby was 79.6 years for females (11th place in the country)
and 70.6 years for males (11th place in the country). When it comes to the expected life spans
for people aged 60 the region is in 11th place and 12th place for females and males
respectively. A worrying factor is the small number of people in the pre-working age group.
The numbers of people reaching the working age are smaller than the numbers of people
reaching the retirement age.
The population prognosis4 for the voivodeship for the coming years indicated a
systematic decrease up to the year 2010 (1 691.5 thousand people) through 1 686.9 in 2015 up
to 1 676 thousand people in 2020. The proportion of females in the population in 2015 will
increase slightly to 106.3. Proportion of inhabitants living in cities in the coming years will
decrease to 67.9% in 2015. The working age population (15-64 years old) as a percentage of
the total population of the region will increase to reach 70.0% in 2015. A decrease in the
natural growth ratio is predicted of (-0.3) per 1 000 inhabitants in 2015.
The demographic processes do not yield directly to administrative actions especially
that the instruments of such policies are solely at the disposal of the national government.
4
Warszawa 2009 Based on GUS publication „Population prognosis for 2008 – 2035”
Warszawa 2009
11
2. Demography
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During recent years, as an answer to the increasing percentage of pre-working age population,
local governments in the voivodeship invested funds mainly into educational and sports
infrastructure for children and teenagers.
Challenges: The current demographic structure, which is favourable as seen in the backdrop
of the whole country, within the next 10 years, will deteriorate significantly. Proportionally
more than in other regions, the numbers of people in the retirement age group will increase
and the demographic dependency ratio will increase. This will cause an increase in the costs
of public services for the retirement age group, including those financed by the local
governments and the deterioration of the competitiveness of the region. To counteract the
negative effects of this occurrence, it will be necessary to socially activate the older
population and the extension of the working age as well as a development of the social
infrastructure geared for the needs of the older. It will also be necessary to professionally
activate females and the disabled. Social re-activation and a return to the job market by
population groups currently excluded will not be possible without support for the families, an
increase in the involvement of males in looking after dependants, both children and the
elderly. The settlement structure in the voivodeship is determined by the lesser quality of
services availability inhabitants for central and southern parts of the voivodeship. This
translates to a lower living standard and in particular lower housing standards, higher
unemployment rate, lower education levels and negative population growth. For the
sustainable development of the region, support for these areas is imperative, and in particular
through better communication with larger urban hubs and the development of public services
(housing, health, education).
The increasing mobility of people active professionally may cause an increasing deterioration
of family ties and an increasing isolation of the elderly. This process can already be observed
in rural areas, with a negative migration balance.
12
3. Social Capital
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2.3. Social capital
The voivodeship is characterized by a noticeably low, as compared to the rest of the
country, social and public activity and at the same time a high level of social benefits. Voting
frequency rarely exceeds 50%. In the parliamentary elections in 2005 it was 37.23% (national
figure: 40.57%), two years later on 51.86% (national figure: 53.88%). In the local elections
for the Voivodeship’s Regional Assembly (Sejmik) in 2006 the frequency was 45.57%.
There are about 6 900 non-government organization operating in the region5. The
structures of The Volunteer Fire Brigade with 18 466 members are most developed.
Furthermore the potential of the third sector in the region includes the structures of social
organizations (parents committees, hunting clubs and social committees), trade unions, self
regulating trade and labour organizations as well as employers' groups and political parties.
For each 10 000 inhabitants of the voivodeship, there are 18 active non-government
organisations, a similar number exists in other regions.
The area of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship almost completely overlaps with
the reach of the Szczecińsko-Kamieńska archdiocese and the Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeska
diocese. There are 488 active parishes in the area with 1 243 clergymen. People of the
Roman-catholic faith constitute 94% of the Szczecińsko-Kamieńska archdioceses population
and 92.3% of the Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeska archdioceses. There are also, amongst others, 14
Orthodox parishes, 14 Pentecostal congregations, 12 Greek Catholic parishes, 1 parish and
three missions of the Lutheran Church.
One of the manifestations of the social capital are the activities within the fields of
sport and physical education. The region also boasts achievements and traditions in sailing,
rowing, swimming and track cycling. Clubs and competitors from the voivodeship, ranging
across a number of disciplines participate in competitions at the highest level. Within the
whole of the voivodeship in 603 clubs and 203 regular training sessions, in all age categories,
43 512 individuals are in training. The considerable majority of the competitors participate in
football (17 452) as well as track and field sports (3 927) and volleyball (3 887)6. The sports
branding of the region is also emphasised by periodic events of international status, including
a tennis tournament and an athletics meeting in Szczecin. A development of sports fields and
halls, swimming pools and other sport oriented structures has been taking place for a number
of years, within the scope of the “Moje Boisko – Orlik 2012” (“My Playing Field – Orlik
2012”) programme.
Considering the relatively low number of inhabitants (11th place in the country),
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is distinguished by a large number of social benefits
beneficiaries (6th place). An indicator of the number of people receiving social benefits, as a
proportion of 10 000 people did drop from 2004, when it was 832.2, to 656.9 in 2008, but it is
still above the national average of 551.3 people in 2008. Social benefits are available from 19
commune centres and two urban assistance centers as well as by 112 social benefits centers.
For the needs within this area, the demographic, social and cultural situation, residents’ health
condition and the economic development degree are very influential. The most common
reasons for receiving social benefits are: unemployment, poverty, disability, long term or
serious illness as well as helplessness with regards to education and care. These causes, most
often occur all at once in a given family. In 2008, over 75 thousand families received social
benefits (including 32 thousand in rural areas), and the number of people in these families
amounted to 210 thousand, which constituted 12.4% of the total voivodeship population. In
excess of thirty per cent of homesteads making use of social benefits are recorded in the
5
6
According to Klon/Jawor association
2006 GUS data
13
3. Social Capital
———————————————————————————————————
Drawski, Szczecinecki and Świdwińska communes, whereas the lowest in Szczecin as well as
the communes of Police and Świnoujście. It is estimated that the number of people making
use of social benefits will decrease, however the number of people receiving help due to
unemployment will increase. Due to the economic recession, a consequence of which is an
increasing unemployment rate and the return of the voivodeship inhabitants from economic
migration back to the country, it should be expected that the number of people requiring
assistance will increase.
The level of public safety in the region is quite varied. There has been a noticeable
increase in the detection rate of the perpetrators who committed crimes, however it is still one
of the lowest in the country. The detection rate increased from 50.4% in 2004 to 66.3% in
2008 and 68.6% in 2009. The majority of crimes are linked with theft, however their detection
rate has been the lowest, in particular car theft. An increasing number of drink driving
offences has been noticed, including those underage. Indicators depicting the crime rates
oscillate between 404.8 confirmed crimes per 10 000 inhabitants in Szczecin and 399.3 in the
Drawsko commune to 244.9 in the Gryfino commune and 244.8 in the Szczecinecki
commune. The detectability of offenders is highest in the Drawski commune, and the lowest
in Szczecin, which is a consequence of the specifics of a large city and personnel shortages
within the police.
The low level of social capital in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is reflected by
the highest percentage of divorces in the country.
Figure 3. Percentage of couples divorcing amongst the professionally active population in the country
during 2004 - 2008
1,6%
zachodniopomorskie
lubuskie
1,4%
śląskie
dolnośląskie
1,2%
pomorskie
warmińsko-mazurskie
1,0%
kujawsko-pomorskie
opolskie
0,8%
wielkopolskie
Polska
0,6%
mazowieckie
podlaskie
0,4%
małopolskie
łódzkie
0,2%
podkarpackie
świętokrzyskie
0,0%
lubelskie
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Other indicators depicting the social condition of the voivodeship are also unfavorable.
According to research conducted periodically as part of the "Social Diagnosis"7 it is in pole
position in most of the reports regarding self-destructive behaviors, including smoking,
alcohol consumption, drug taking as well as experimenting with crime.
7
2009 Czapiński J., Panek T. (edit.) Social diagnosis 2009, Warsaw
14
3. Social Capital
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 4. A summary of the selected parameters connected with self-destructive behaviours in the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the backdrop of other voivodeships in 2009
1
Number of smokers
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32,90%
People over 16 years old who admit to
having drunk too much alcohol the previous
year
8,28%
People over 16 years old who turn to
alcohol in difficult life situations
6,50%
Theft victims
4,60%
Stopped by the police
3,80%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Voivodeship ranking position
source: own work based on the “Social Diagnosis 2009 Conditions and quality of life for Poles” a report
drawn up by the Council of Social Monitoring.
Social policies undertaken in the voivodeship are intended to help those inhabitants,
whom due to a difficult situation are not able to, independently, fulfill their basic needs and
thus are unable to participate, or only play a limited role in the family, professional and social
life. Problem areas requiring intervention and implementation of social policy instruments
are: long term unemployment, family crises, addictions, limited access of disabled people to
the job market and social life as well as an ageing population. The answers to these problems
lay in specific programmes, intended amongst others to counteract social exclusions,
activation of older people, early diagnosis and rehabilitation of disabilities, undertaken to a
large extent by non-government organisations. Commune family assistance centres as well as
social benefit centres implement active forms of counteracting social exclusion which
includes: social contracts, useful community schemes and breaking out of homelessness
programmes. Institutions also organise clubs and social integration centres, are active in order
to develop social economy, e.g. social associations. Other forms of counteracting social
exclusion mainly constitute activities within the scope of Labour Clubs, voluntary work and
programmes aimed at preparing children form children’s homes for independent life.
Activities aimed at counteracting the negative effects of using psycho active
substances are also implemented. Support is given for the development and improving
accessibility for therapeutic services for addicts and co-addicts, through funding and
improving the work of permanent withdrawal treatment centres, improving the quality of
therapy and the qualifications of staff. Local and national government administration and
representatives of various professional and local environments cooperate within the fields of
solving addiction problems, violence prevention as well as implementing preventative
programmes, promoting healthy, sober life style and alternative standpoints when it comes to
addictions.
15
3. Social Capital
———————————————————————————————————
Challenges: Programmes undertaken within the scope of social policy require supplementing
by investment programmes. They should assume the development of social infrastructure,
such as modernisation of care and education centres, i.e. children's homes, minor’s social
therapy day centres particularly in rural areas; professional activity centres for disabled people
as well as other forms of support connected with the social economy sector such as: social
integration clubs and centres, social cooperative societies etc.
Areas requiring effective intervention: employment, activation and social intervention as well
as the development of various support vehicles, particularly in rural areas. Equally important
is the improvement of social welfare staff by improving their qualifications and specialist
advice. Social contracts will aid problem solving, including individual programmes for active
integration, local activities, a series of actions aimed at social and professional activation for
people in danger of social exclusion, including the creation of professional activity centres,
promotion of voluntary work and after school teenager’s social integration activities, in
particular day centres with a socio-therapeutic programmes, psychological, psychosocial and
vocational counselling as well as new methods for individual and global support.
Activities aimed at improving the public and social activities of the voivodeship inhabitants
should not be forgotten, in particular through participation in elections. Enterprises aimed at
the formation of civic attitude and the development of inter-personal relationships should also
go a long way towards reducing crime rates and increasing the safety of the region’s
inhabitants.
In rural areas, the effective cooperation between public, social and economic partners has a
large chance of success within the scope of local action groups.
16
4. Local government
———————————————————————————————————
2.4. Local government
The voivodeship government implements public tasks of a voivodeship character,
including, amongst others in the area of public education, health care, culture, social benefits,
modernization of rural areas, environmental protection, water management and public roads.
One of the more important tasks of the voivodeship government is the participation in the
procedures of European Union funds allocation, mainly within the scope of regional
Operational Programme, Rural Areas Development Programme and Human Capital
Operational Programme.
The tertiary government of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship consists of 21
districts (including 3 townships - Szczecin, Koszalin and Świnoujście - as well as 18 rural
districts) and 114 communes (including 12 urban communes, 50 mixed, urban and rural
communes and 52 rural communes). The voivodeship assembly, being the organ constituting
and controlling the voivodeship management, is made up of 30 members chosen by direct
elections.
The regional policy is implemented based on the voivodeship budget. Total amount of
voivodeship budget incomes in 2008 was PLN 541 060 937 and voivodeship budget
expenditures were PLN 536 042 557.
Figure 5. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008
expenses structure
2% 3%
Figure 6. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 expenses
structure according to type of activity
6% 1% 0%
5%
28%
8%
10%
10%
38%
12%
10%
12%
11%
28%
16%
transport and communications
incomes from the activities of units
social policy and entrepreneurship development
other incomes
culture, sport and tourism
funding for internal activities
health care and social benefits
funds from foreign sources (including EU)
administration and public safety
development funding
agriculture and environment protection
funding for commissioned tasks
share in the national budget taxes
schooling and education, social care
general subsidy
housing management and spatial planning, geology and
geodesy
reserve and finances
source: data from the Department of Finance and Budget of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Marshall’s Office.
17
4. Local government
———————————————————————————————————
Amongst the municipal districts, whose budget encompasses also commune activities,
there is a clear disproportion between Świnoujście, where the incomes and expenditures
oscillated around 5 thousand PLN per capita and the districts of Koszalin and Szczecin
(around 3 thousand PLN per capita) Amongst the rural districts, only the Białogardzki,
Świdwiński and Stargardzki, in both the incomes and expenditures achieved the level of 1
thousand PLN per capita in 2008.
Figure 7. Incomes and expenditures per capita in the districts’ and voivodeship budgets in 2008
6 000
incomes per 1 inhabitant
expenditures per 1 inhabitant
5 000
PLN
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
Ko
sz
a
Sz lin
cz
Św ec
in
in
ou
jś
ci
e
bi
ał
og
ar
dz
ki
dr
aw
ko
sk
ło
br i
z
ko es
sz ki
al
i
sł ńsk
aw
i
i
e
sz
cz ńsk
i
ec
in
św eck
i
id
wi
ńs
ki
w
a
ch
os łeck
zc
i
ze
ńs
ki
gr
m yfic
k
yś
lib i
or
sk
i
py
rz
y
st
ar cki
ga
rd
zk
i
ło
b
es
go
ki
le
ni
ow
sk
gr
i
yf
i
ka ńsk
i
m
ie
ńs
ki
po
lic
ki
za
ch
od
ni
op
o
m
or
sk
ie
0
Average per capita incomes of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship communes
(excluding district cities) in 2008 were at a level of 2 724.6 PLN. In half of the communes the
incomes oscillated around the 2.5 thousand PLN figure, and only in one or two approached
the 5 thousand figure.
The level of the voivodeship budget per one inhabitant in 2008 was 319.60 PLN,
whereas expenditures were 316.63 PLN. The average national percentile of tax incomes of the
voivodeship form income taxes (private and corporate) as part the total incomes during 20042008 decreased from an amount close to 95% to 76.3%. In the voivodeship, the analogous
decrease was even larger and approached 30.3 percentage points.
The majority of investment expenditures are borne by the communes. At the same
time an increase in the participation in these expenditures by the voivodeship and the districts
is noticeable.
18
4. Local government
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 8. Proportions of investment expenditures of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship tertiary
government units 2000 and 2008 (as %)
Communes
Mnpp
Districts
Voivodeship Board
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000
2008
source: “Report on the influence of the global recession on the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship socioeconomic position and its consequences for the tasks of the voivodeship management” University of
Szczecin. Szczecin. April 2009.
In 2008 a slight decrease in the dynamics in the upward trend of the actual
expenditures for all of the tertiary government units in the voivodeship (excluding the
districts). Adopting the assumption of a certain similarity in the occurrence of incomes
attained by the tertiary government units during the periods of slower economic growth and
by analyzing the occurrence of actual incomes in the previous economic slowdown period
during the period 2001 – 2003 in can be assumed that a significant decrease in these incomes
will be observed in 2010 and 2011.
Within the voivodeship government administration in 2008 nearly 12 thousand people
were employees, which constituted 5.4% of local government assets in the whole of the
country and places the region in 10th place.
19
5. Health Care
———————————————————————————————————
2.5. Health Care
The Heath Care system of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is composed of varied
and complex structures of public and non-public entities providing health services relating to
the primary health care, specialist outpatient medical care, hospital treatment and emergency
medical services. There were 37 outpatient hospitals and 17 long-term care facilities operating
in the Voivodeship at the end of 2008. The Voivodeship Government is the proprietor of 15
health care centres including 1 emergency station, 3 specialist outpatient clinics and 11
hospital units. 8 specialist hospitals, 1 spa hospital, 1 drug abuse clinic and 1 health and
curative institution. The number of doctors, dentists, nurses and community midwifes
decreased during 2004 to 2008. The indicator per 10000 inhabitants decreased for doctors
from 25.4 to 20.6 and became equal to the national average, for dentists the indicator
decreased from 5.4 to 4.2 and exceeds the national average (3.4), for nurses from 44.5 to 42.4
and is lower than national average (47.9) and for midwifes from 5.0 to 5.1 and is also lower
than national average (5.6). The primary health care services in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship was rendered by 947 doctors (average 5.6 per 10000 inhabitants) and 1406
nurses and midwifes (on the average 8.3 per 10000 inhabitants, with the country value of 8.0)
in 2008. The highest indicator of doctors of the primary health care services was noted In the
Białogard district (8.1), in Świnoujście city (6.6) and in Szczecin and Gryfino district (6.5),
the west in the Koszalin (2.9) and Wałcz (3.1) districts. Specialist outpatient care In the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship operates mainly on the basis of diagnostic and treatment
resources of specialist health care centres and hospitals. Sole medical practitioners have
greater share in providing specialist outpatient medical services. The total number of public
and non public specialist outpatient clinics amounts to 1 213 in the voivodeship.
There is a clear discrepancy between the indicator of the number of hospital beds in
hospitals per 10000 inhabitants. Szczecin (81.5 beds), Koszalin (43.4) and Gryfice (74.2) and
Choszczno districts (67.1) were in the most advantageous situation in 2008, the most difficult
situation was observed in Gryfino (10.3), Łobesko and in Kamieniec districts (16.0). The
value of the hospital beds indicator in general hospitals per 10 000 inhabitants of 44.2 in 2008
placed the region in 7th place in the country.
Medical rescue service operates by means of 7 ambulance stations which are
substantially differentiated regarding resources and the area of operation in the voivodeship.
The largest of the stations is the Regional Ambulance Station in Szczecin which encompasses
15 districts. All stations have 80 medical rescue teams at their disposal including 38 specialist
and 42 primary medical rescue teams. One rescue team services 21 thousand inhabitants on
average, however in Police district the indicator amounts to 33 thousand inhabitants and in
Kamieniec district less than 12 thousand.
The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship belongs to the group of regions with the
greatest numbers of spas and spa hospitals which are localised mainly at the seaside (52
facilities with 9422 beds available). The greatest numbers of patients from Poland and from
abroad are received in Świnoujście, Kamień Pomorski and Połczyn Zdrój and also in
Kołobrzeg which is the largest Polish resort. The region is placed as the first in Poland hosting
22.45% of all spa hospitals patients.
The newborns fatality indicator per 1000 births amounted to 7.8 in the Voivodeship
(6.8 in Poland) which placed the Voivodeship 12th place in Poland in 2004. There had been
substantial improvement in the region up till 2008. The indicator in the Zachodniopomorskie
amounted to 5.1 (5.6 in Poland) which placed the Voivodeship 5th. The percentage of births
with low birth weight in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship exceeds the national indicator
(6.1) and amounts 7.0. The lifespan of the region’s inhabitants lengthens gradually and is 70.6
for men and 79.6 for women. The main causes of deceases are cancers and cardiovascular and
20
5. Health Care
———————————————————————————————————
respiratory system diseases. The number of patients being treated in the outpatient health care
centre, health and curative institution as well as nursing and curative clinics increases. The
number of patients of hospitals and children in care of social care facilities is also growing.
The queue of people waiting for admission to the Day Care Center grew from 102 persons in
2005 to 274 in 2008.
Adjusting activities are carried out to comply with the binding provisions of law
especially in relation to the modernisation of infrastructure and equipment of the health care
facilities. The financial needs of the facilities in the latter matter are enormous. For many
years so far, the Voivodeship government has financed the ventures which could not be
carried out by the Heath care centres by themselves by greatly contributing to the
improvement of the quality of rendered medical services. As far as the Regional Operational
Programme 2007-2013 there are 5 investments qualified in the area of Heath care with the
trans-regional importance. The Voivodeship local-government appointed a total of 888.1
thousand PLN for the programmes of heath prevention and by large for prevention of cancer
and cardiovascular diseases as well as HIV and AIDS since 2004.
Challenges:
In the nearest future the system of Heath care will be shaped by the following factors:
developing ageing tendency of the society and demographic indicators, increase of
contracting and mortality because of the ageing diseases, the forecast increase in the shortage
of medical specialists, systematic fluctuations in the number and structure of hospital beds,
insufficient number of places for hospital and psychiatric treatment, the level of heath care
services financing, transformations and commercialising the facilities.
The most important challenge becomes the improvement of society health condition
expressed by the lengthened lifespan indicators and decreasing the distance between Poland
and the developer countries of the European Union In the area of Heath care. Long term
hospital and palliative care requires special attention. The growing population of elder people
and the people acquiring chronic diseases will require better access to specialist services and
benefits. The necessity to lower mortality and fatality caused by metastasizing cancer,
cardiovascular diseases, injuries and accidents and newborn mortality. Health care should be
adjusted to the dynamics of longterm demographic and epidemiologic trends. Financing the
Health care services and allocation of resources should be based on the same rule of optimal
quality. The indispensable development of education and personal improvement of medical
personnel, including maintenance of equal and systematically expanded intake for doctor
specialisations. It is necessary to introduce modern diagnostic and treatment Technologies,
continuous renewal of equipment and premises renewal and implementing modernisation
improving sanitary conditions of hospital wards. Equal Access to medical emergency services
soul be provided and steps should be taken to maintain the advantageous conditions which
allow for continua spa treatment. The increase of efficiency of the engaged resources will
result in reduction of the number of the facilities in the future.
The programmes realised by the local government of the Voivodeship are of character of long
term investments process In the Heath of inhabitants. The most substantial effects are
increasing social engagement, increasing the level of knowledge and first of all increasing the
number of competent performers of the preventive activities and the number of available
programmes in this field.
21
6. Culture
———————————————————————————————————
2.6. Culture
•
•
The main cultural centres of the Voivodeship are Szczecin and Koszalin with the seat
of almost all theatres, music halls and most of the museums. The saturation and the condition
of the cultural institutions in the region are very differentiated. The shortages are visible
predominantly in the rural areas, far from the large cities. In the smaller towns, apart from the
difficulties with the access to the cultural institutions a low culture related awareness of the
inhabitants and the lack of habitual participation in cultural life can be noticed. The low level
of cultural potential is also contributed to by poor condition of the infrastructure and
insufficient number of initiatives taken up the inhabitants or the local animators of culture.
A library is often the main centre of culture in the rural area and the community
centres or cultural facilities, where its basic function is to enable the inhabitants to take part in
various forms of culture in small towns and villages, do not meet all the existing needs.
There are 427 facilities and community centres, clubs and youth centres, in the region, as well
as 482 libraries and library services points including 324 in the country. The readers from the
rural areas constitute only 20% of the total number of readers. The worrying phenomenon is
the dropping number of readers and book renting. The average number of books an inhabitant
of the Voivodeship rents a year is 18 books (in the whole country it is 22). The number of
readers per 1000 inhabitants dropped from the value of 195 in 2004 to 167 people in 2008.
The level of computerisation of the district libraries is low.
There are 6 drama theatres, 1 puppet theatre, 1 music theatre and 2 music halls which
have in total 961 seats in the audiences. There were 1 999 performances and concerts which
were seen by over 477 000 spectators, in 2008. The number of spectators and listeners of
theatres and music institutions per 1 000 inhabitants amounted to the value of 282 persons per
one performance or a concert.
There are 22 museums operating in the area of the Voivodeship including among
others: 11 regional, 5 historical, 2 natural museums the museums were visited by 360 000
people and 30% of them were organised parties of local youth in 2008. Among 15 galleries
presenting the modern art there are 8 which belong to the public sector. The number of
visitors of the exhibitions amounted to a total of 86 000 people. The European Museum
Nights organised since 2005 are becoming increasingly popular and are more and more
frequented.
The network of cinemas includes 24 facilities and 36 projection halls where 19 and 31
are in cities correspondingly. The indicator of the cinema spectators per 1000 inhabitants
amounts to 819 people. The Voivodeship is placed 10th regarding the number of spectators
and listeners in theatres and music institutions and 8th considering the number spectators in
cinemas. Attendance at cinemas is close to the national average.
The multitude of cultural heritage is composed of the historical premises situated in
the whole region. Among them the following are of special importance:
monumental sacral architecture:
- Cathedral complex in Kamień Podolski
- Former chapel of Knights Templar in Chwarszczany
- ST. Mary’s church in Stargard Szczeciński
- Former Cistercian complex in Kołbacz
- St. John Church in Szczecin
Sacral facilities in the country:
- Church in Dzisna Przybiernów commune
- Church in Ciekarnice commune
- Church in Ostre Bardo Połczyn Zdrój commune
- Church in Moryń
22
•
•
•
•
6. Culture
———————————————————————————————————
- Church in Brzesk, Pyrzyce commune
Mansion facilities:
- KsiąŜąt Pomorskich Castle in Szczecin
- Manor house in Świerzno
- Castle in Krąg, Polanów commune
- Palace in Pęzin, Stargard Szczeciński commune
- Castle in Tuczno
urban complexes:
- Old town complex in Darłowo
- Old town complex in Trzebiatów
- Complex of Wały Chrobrego in Szczecin
- Complex of city walls together with post Augustine and St. Mary’s church with city Hall
in Chojno
Public utility facilities:
- Town Hall in Nowe Warpno
- Town Hall (museum at present) in Stargard Szczeciński
- Town Hall in Trzcińsko - Zdrój
- Railway stadium in Białogard
Historic green areas
- Main cemetery In Szczecin
- Park in Przelewice
The variety of the historic facilities in the region also includes the residential
buildings, with the characteristic post and beam housings, city walls, landscape structures,
manor parks and farm houses as well as former military buildings. Technical condition of
many of the buildings requires them to be renovated
The cultural attractions of the larger cities of the Voivodeship are rich and varied.
Apart from the state institutions there are numerous organisations and associations operating
in the area which undertake ventures of the regional and national scale. Regional artists work,
cooperation, dialog and cultural variety are supported. The number and variety of events and
happenings enable wide audiences to participate in them. There is the necessity of enhancing
the offer and improving the access to culture for inhabitants, as well as tourists visiting the
voivodeship, mainly from Germany.
The biggest and the most well known cultural events taking place in the Voivodeship
are among others, organ festivals in and Kamień Pomorski, Świnoujście, Koszalin and
Szczecin, Ińsk Summer Film Festival In Ińsk, International Meeting of youth Theatre
‘OKNO’, Polish Review of Small Forms Theatres ‘Kontrapunkt’, Competition of Tenors,
Spring Guitar Concerts, Requiem on the Main Cemetery, Street Artists Festival, Polish Ballet
Competition, Szczecin Music Fest and Days of the Sea In Szczecin, Art. Festival of
University Youth ‘FAMA’ and International Festival of Sea Songs ‘Wiatrak’ In Świnoujście,
Jacek Kaczmarski Festival of Poetic Songs ‘Nadzieja’ In Kołobrzeg, International Festival of
Choir Songs and International Festival of Stars In Międzyzdroje, Vikings Festival In Wolin,
Folk, Blues & Country Festival in Sułomino, Festival of Film Debuts ‘ Młodzi i Film’,
European Film Festival ‘Integracja Ty i ja’ and Word Festival of Polonia Choirs in Koszalin.
23
6. Culture
———————————————————————————————————
Challenges: The main objective in the area of culture and protection of its assets is an
intellectual and civilisation development of Zachodniopomorskie society as well as systematic
increase of cultural potential of the region. It assumes wide and close cooperation of the local
governments and non-governmental organisations dealing with animation of cultural life of
small towns and rural areas. Their involvement in spreading culture and encouraging
participation in the cultural life is predominantly necessary in the area far from
agglomerations and thus endangered with social exclusion.
The model of participating of society in culture life gradually undergoes changes. The
Internet, as the channel of circulation of art pieces and information will be playing greater role
in this matter.
24
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
2.7. Education
The structure of education system and the educational profile of inhabitants are
derived from the demographic processes and cultural and economic changes in the region.
The consequence is the necessity of continuous modernising of the education system and that
poses great financial challenges to all levels of the Voivodeship local-government.
The accessibility of pre-school education is not sufficient in the region. There are 260
preschool facilities operating in the Voivodeship (225 in cities and 40 in the rural areas) and
358 preschool departments at primary schools. The decreasing number of preschool facilities
is accompanied by the increasing number of children attending the preschool departments.
Until 2000 27 facilities were closed down and the number of children in preschool facilities
increased by 3.7 thousand. Using preschool departments has marginal importance. Only
0.74% of children in the preschool age attend 15 of preschool departments localised in 10
districts of the voivodeship.
92% of the six-years-old children in the Voivodeship are involved in the compulsory
preschool preparation: 7 239 in preschool facilities and 7 033 in preschool departments at
primary schools. Among 3-5 year old children 44.93% attend a preschool facility as opposed
to 49.26% of total in Poland. The indicator of preschool care involvement in various forms
(preschool facility, preschool departments at primary schools, groups of preschool education
and preschool points) per 1000 people at the age of 3-5 in the Voivodeship amounts to 474.
There are less than 30% children in preschool age attend in Gryfice, Łobsk, Pyrzyce,
Świdwin, Koszalin and Sławno districts.
Map 2. The share of children in preschool facilities as the total number of children of 3 – 5 years of age in
2008
source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data.
25
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
The decrease in the population in the school age group is related to the gradual
decrease in the number of pupils on particular levels of education. The situation forces
different way of taking up reorganising action in the education facilities. The indicators of
widespread of providing education on the primary and gymnasium levels belong to the
highest in Poland and they are quite varied within the voivodeship. The factors which
influence the indicator are the accessibility of school (predominantly in the rural area)
conditions of teaching, equipment and technical condition of the facilities and material
situation of pupils. Indicators of educational gross8 on the level of primary school amounted
to 100.83% in 2004 and 97.52% in 2008, on the gymnasium level - 103.13% in 2004 and
101.97% in 2008.
There are 32 schools operating in the Voivodeship and art facilities of primary and
secondary school level. They are mainly music schools located both in large cities, in
Szczecin, Koszalin, Świnoujście and in Stargard as well as in smaller towns such as Białogard
Gryfice Myślibórz and Choszczno.
19421 students of the last grade of gimnasium sat the gimnasium examination in the
region in 2009. The average result of the examination in the public schools was 56.03 and in
non-public schools 65.29. The difference in the part of humanities subjects was about 3 points
and in the science subjects part was about 6 points in favour of the non-public schools. The
students from large cities deal with the exams the best, the weakest results in the gimansum
students of village schools who acquired an average of 52.93 points against the average 60.96
points of their peers from the cities (over 100 thousand inhabitants). The students from the in
the rural areas acquired less than half the possible points in the mathematical part of the exam
(23.19 out of 50), in the humanities subjects 29.74 points.
The students of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship acquired the lowest results in
the district in 2009. In the particular part of the examination the results were lower than the
average for the region and only in the humanities subjects part they were better than the
results of students of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship.
Figure 9. The results of gimnasium examinations in points in the voivodeships in the region in 2009
Humanities
Mathematics and natural sciences
Whole examination
60
50
points
40
30
56,22
56,7
56,43
56,53
20
31,17
10
25,05
31,04
31,28
25,65
25,13
31,12
25,41
0
Zachodniopomorskie
Wielkopolskie
Lubuskie
Okręg
source: Own work on the basis of OKE Poznań.
8
Gross scolarisation indicator is the relation of the number of people in education (at the beginning of the
academic year) at a given level of education (regardless of age) to the number of people (as of 31 XII) in an age
group defined as corresponding to that educational level.
26
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
In 10 districts of the voivodeship, including Szczecin the results of the humanities
subject part were lower than the Voivodeship average, whereas in the 11 districts the
exceeded the average for a region and for the whole country. The best results were attained by
the students in districts Łobesko, Kamień Pomorski and in the city Koszalin, the worst results
had the students in districts Wałcz, Białogard and Koszalin. In the mathematic and nature part
of the examination the Zachodniopomorskie gimnasium students achieved average of 25.05.
It was the lowest result in Poland. The better results than the Voivodeship average were
achieved by students in Koszalin (the best result in this part of examination in the whole
voivodeship), Szczecin and Świdwin and Kołobrzeg districts. The results of gimnasium
students from Koszalin, Szczecin and Świdwin district were also higher than the average for
the region and the whole country. The least points were achieved by the students in Gryfino,
Wałcz and Choszczno districts
The high schools are still more popular than the remaining types of secondary, postgymnasium schools. The indicator of scolarisation gross for high schools was almost 59% in
2008, for vocational schools and vocation related schools it was 37.01%, and for Basic
Vocational School was abort 16%. It can be noticed that the increase in popularity of the
Basic vocational schools which give qualification towards a specific profession and faculty in
demand not only in the region but also in the open labour market of the EU countries.
Dramatic decrease of the number of specialised secondary school which provides only general
vocational knowledge is characteristic for the whole country.
Figure 10. The number of upper secondary school students in 2005-2008 in the Voivodeship
35000
High School
Thousands
30000
Technical colleges, including
supplementary techniques and
general arts schools providing
vocational education
25000
20000
Secondary School
15000
Fundamental vocational school
10000
5000
High School with a specific
profile
0
2005/2006
2006/2007
2007/2008
2008/2009
source: Own work on the basis of GUS data.
The system of vocational education in the Voivodeship consists of 70 basic vocational
schools, 139 technical high schools (together with the technical high schools and art high
schools providing vocational qualifications) 41 specialised high schools and 143
postsecondary schools. Out of 7 670 people sitting the examination of professional
preparation for the first time in 2008 only 4 092 people passed the examination.
The
diploma was awarded to 53.35% of students with the average for the region which was
53.94%. The higher results of the exams in all types of vocational schools were achieved by
the students who were educated in cities over 100 000 inhabitants. The Diploma was granted
to only 25% of students of technical high schools located in the country and almost 35% of
the people who was passing the examination in the postsecondary schools in cities up to 20
thousand inhabitants.
27
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 11. Pass rate of vocational examinations in districts of the Voivodeship in comparison to the region
in 2008
70,0
District value
- 53,94
Percentage
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
Sz
c
ze
c
dr in
aw
Ko ski
s
bi
ał zal
o
i
ch ga n
os rd
zc zki
Św zeń
i n sk
sz ouj i
cz śc
ec ie
św ine
i d cki
w
iń
s
w ki
a
m
łe
yś
c
lib ki
st or
s
ar
ga ki
ka rdz
m ki
ie
ń
py ski
rz
y
gr ck
i
y
ko fiń
sz sk
i
a
ko liń
ło sk
br
i
sł zes
aw ki
ie
ńs
ło ki
go be
s
le
ni ki
ow
sk
po i
lic
gr ki
yf
ic
ki
za
w
ch ie
od lko
p
ni
op ols
om ki
e
or
sk
lu
i
bu e
sk
ie
0,0
source: Own work on the basis of OKE Poznań data.
The structure of specialisation of the graduates of the basic vocational schools mainly
can be found cooks, shop assistants, mechanics and car electro-mechanics, locksmiths,
carpenters, electricians, fitters. Among the graduates of the secondary vocational schools and
postsecondary schools technicians of catering technology, beauty services technicians,
mechanics, economists, and tradesmen prevail. The vast group is constituted by the graduates
of professions related to administration, tourism, hotel management and organising catering
services.
The graduates of vocational schools, predominantly shop assistants, technician’s
economists, cooks, catering and household technicians, mechanics, technicians and builders
are the majority of people registered as unemployed in the voivodeship. Zachodniopomorskie
market does not generate the graduates of the professions sufficient number of stable work
places and at the same time they are the most popular faculties taught in vocational schools.
The areas and sectors of the largest development and employment potential in which
workplaces will be generated are heath care and social services, environment protection,
computer science, telecommunications, information technologies, advanced services and
financial operations, production and services, as well as tourism, education and culture.
The maturity examination was passed by 79.4% of the Zachodniopomorskie
undergraduates in 2009 competing to the value of 78.7% for the whole region. The subjects
students of the region most often chose to pass were civic studies, geography and biology.
The maturity examination undergraduates in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship achieved the
highest results in mathematical and nature related subjects both on the basic and extended
level as well. The humanities are selected by more than half students passing maturity exams.
About more than ¼ of the students decide to pass physics, biology and chemistry and they are
students usually achieving the best results on the maturity examination.
28
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 12. The results in points of the maturity examination of humanities, mathematical and science
subjects at the basic level in 2009
Zachodniopomorskie
Wielkopolskie
Lubuskie
70
60
points
50
40
30
51,751,8 51
50,6 49,549,6
55,753,5 53,4
20
59,2
43,743,9 40,2 45,845,7 43,8
64,562,7
55,8
54,1
49 48,2
44,3 45,2
10
at
ic
s
em
M
at
h
C
he
Ph
m
ys
is
ic
tr
y
al
an
d
as
tr
on
om
y
lo
gy
B
io
ry
ie
s
So
ci
al
st
ud
is
to
H
eo
gr
ap
hy
G
Po
lis
h
La
ng
ua
ge
0
source: Own work on the basis of OKE Poznań data.
The highest score of the maturity examination had the students of high schools, worse
the students of specialised secondary school and complementary schools. In six districts of the
Voivodeship the level of passing the exams exceeded the Voivodeship average and in case of
seven the level exceeded the regional one. In the Koszalin district passing was the lowest:
only less than half the students passed the maturity examination. The score acquired on the
examination is clearly differentiated throughout the voivodeship. The differences in points
between city schools and the facilities in the rural areas having worse scores differ from 10 to
even 30 points. Moreover, the students taking the maturity examination in smaller towns more
often choose the subjects on the extender level, as in 2009 when there was no student in
schools in the country who was passing the examination in extender level in mathematics,
physics, chemistry and history.
There are 22 public and non-public high schools operating in the region. The selection
of the studies is stable, among which the most popular seem to be social science, economics,
administration, and in slightly less degree humanities, pedagogy, law, medical studies and
computer science. The indicator of the number of students of the science and technical
studies, including biology, physics, mathematics and statistics, information technology,
engineering and technology, production and processing, architecture and civil engineering is
advantageous. The number of students taking up social science and slipping services studied
considerably exceeds the national average.
29
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 13. The student of high schools according to the type of studies per 10 000 inhabitants in 2008
safety and security
social care
journalism and IT
arts
environment protection
agricultural, forestry and fishing
0,97
0,94
0,85
1,14
5,73
3,71
6,87
4,96
6,99
5,62
9,21
7,00
Polska
Zachodniopomorskie
19,51
13,07
15,71
13,30
4,62
16,66
services for individuals
legal
transport services
31,06
medical
27,42
41,22
humanities
28,70
59,64
teaching
47,48
117,81
economics and administration
68,77
67,92
104,62
social
111,93
science and technology
119,31
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
source: Own work on the basis of GUS data. The groups of studies’ types according to the International
Standard Classification ISCED’97.
In 2008 there were 78 000 people studying in the Voivodeship including 43 000
women, 17 000 people graduated from the studies facilities including 11 000 women. The
most people study at The Szczecin University and Zachodniopomorskie Technical University
founded in 2009 as a result of merging Szczecin Technical University and the Academy of
Agriculture. Koszalin Technical University is the greatest and the most noble educational
facility in Koszalin, which educates students in faculties such as environmental studies,
humanities and fine arts. The number of high schools in the Voivodeship still considerably
outstands from the level of the regions, however in 2004-2008 this indicator per 10000
inhabitants decreased from 532 to 462, dropping to the level below the national average (501).
30
7. Education
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 14. Higher education students per 10000 inhabitants in particular voivodeships during 2004-2008
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Po
ls
m
ka
az
ow
ie
ck
m
ie
ał
op
ol
sk
do
za
ie
ln
ch
o
śl
od
as
ni
ki
op
om e
or
sk
ie
łó
dz
ki
e
lu
be
l
w
sk
ie
ie
lk
op
o
św
ls
ki
ię
e
to
kr
zy
sk
ie
po
m
or
sk
ie
śl
ąs
w
ki
ar
e
po
m
iń
d
l
sk
as
oki
ku
e
m
ja
a
w
z
ur
sk
sk
oie
po
m
or
sk
ie
lu
bu
po
sk
dk
ie
ar
pa
ck
ie
op
ol
sk
ie
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
The decrease was the result of the people of demographic low reaching age of studies
on one hand and the facto of choosing university level schools in the other region of Poland
by the graduates of high school on the other hand as a result of implementation in Poland of
more flexible system of enrolment to university level facilities. Currently, the academic level
schools lead extensive promotion campaigns in order to entourage prospective students to
take up studies at the offered faculties. The high education institutions try to adjust the
syllabuses to educate students to the requirements of work market. In 2004-2008 the number
of branches and consultation facilities of the institutions in the Voivodeship decreased from
24 to 21.
The indicator of continuing education, which was 5.2% in 2004 and 5.5% in 2008,
places the region second in Poland following the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. People working
and willing to raise their vocational qualifications rather than the unemployed with low
vocational qualifications tend to choose continuing education programmes.
Challenges: In the nearest future the number of people at pre-working age is expected to fall
which will result in the diminishing number of students on the all levels of education. The
demographic changes will be accompanied by transformations in the structure of education
facilities, education system and the interests of pupils and students in particular forms and
faculties.
In order to direct the choices concerning future education appropriately of the youth and the
future professional life of the graduates it is necessary to make vocational counselling widely
available, beginning with gymnasiums and provide support for academic offices of careers. It
is necessary to assure wider and better availability of pre school facilities, especially in the
context of compulsory pre-school education for the five-years-old and school education for
the six-years-old. The activities which improve the level of education measured by the scores
of external examinations seem to be of key importance. The challenge is also keeping the
most talented students and encouraging them to educate in the institutions of higher education
in the region.
31
8. Labour market
———————————————————————————————————
2.8. Labour market
In spite of the improvement on the Zachodniopomorskie labour market resulting from
the general change of the national macroeconomic standing there has been unsatisfactory
entrepreneurship activity in the region: High level of unemployment, low level of
employment and very high professional inactivity.
The negative phenomena in Zachodniopomorskie and especially on the Szczecin
labour market was the bankruptcy of great factories. The following entities ceased their
activity since 1989: Przedsiębiorstwo Połowów Dalekomorskich i Usług Rybackich Gryf,
Przedsiębiorstwo Przemysłowo-Usługowe Rybołówstwa Morskiego Transocean, Fabryka
Włókien Sztucznych Chemitex-Wiskord, two clothing production companies Dana and Odra,
Huta Szczecin, Papiernia Skolwin, Bank Morski, Stocznia Szczecińska Nowa. Stopping
production and redundancies had impact on the numerous smaller cooperating entities in
particular related to the sea economy sector. Mentioning the above, there is not only stable
supply of the unemployed on the local labour market but also vivid supply of highly
specialised experts whose chances to find new jobs without retraining seem to be limited.
The unemployment rate acc. to BAEL in the Voivodeship decreased from 23.8% in
2004 to 9.6% in 2008, at the national average amount correspondingly 18.8% and 6.7%.
Despite so substantial decrease unemployment in the Voivodeship remains one of the highest
in Poland.
Figure 15. Economic activity of the voivodeship inhabitants during 2004-2009
employment indicator
professional activity ratio
unemployment rate (right axis)
60
25,0
50
20,0
40
15,0
30
10,0
20
5,0
10
0
0,0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
The coefficient of vocational development amounts to 50.4% in the region and is the
lowest in the whole country. The average value for Poland is 54.2%. The employment
indicator is also the lowest in Poland and is at 45.6%.
32
8. Labour market
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 16. Economic activity of the inhabitants in particular voivodeships in 2008
professional activity ratio
employment indicator
BAEL unemployment rate (right axis)
70,0
12,0
60,0
10,0
50,0
8,0
40,0
6,0
30,0
4,0
20,0
2,0
0,0
0,0
za
c
ho
dn
io
po
m
or
sk
do
ku
ie
ln
ja
oś
w
sk
lą
sk
oie
po
m
or
sk
ie
lu
b
el
św
sk
ię
ie
to
kr
zy
po
sk
w
ar
dk
ie
m
a
iń
rp
sk
ac
oki
M
e
az
ur
sk
ie
łó
dz
ki
e
śl
ąs
ki
e
op
ol
sk
ie
lu
bu
sk
ie
po
dl
as
m
ki
ał
e
op
ol
w
sk
ie
ie
lk
op
ol
sk
m
az
ie
ow
ie
ck
ie
po
m
or
sk
ie
10,0
Most of unemployed are educated to the level of gimnasium, primary or lower as well
as basic vocational level and people who do not have any work record and vocational
qualifications. More than half of the unemployed are permanently unemployed, remaining
without work more than a year. Both low education level and qualifications which do not
meet the employers’ expectations and long periods of remaining outside the labour market
greatly hinders the unemployed vocational development. As the level of numerous benefits
and social care transfers is comparable to the wages creates additional encouragement to
remain unemployed or take up employment off the books. One of the worst problems of the
region seems to be extremely high unemployment (also hidden) in the rural areas which was
as high as 13.2% in 2009. The greatest variety in the level of unemployment remains between
Szczecin agglomeration and the rest of the region.
Figure 17. Unemployment rate recorded in the sub-regions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in
2000-2009
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
City of Szczecin sub-region
40
Stargard sub-region
Szczecin sub-region
Koszalin sub-region
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Spatial complexity of the situation on the local labour markets have impact on the
development opportunities, and in the further perspective on the pace of economic growth of
33
8. Labour market
———————————————————————————————————
the whole voivodeship. The most difficult situation concerns Stargard subregion. The
unemployment in the subregion is the highest despite numerous investments and encouraging
activities of the local entrepreneurs to increase employment.
The turn of 2009/2010 brought an unexpected impairment of the labour market
situation caused by the world economic recession. The recorded unemployment rate in the
region was 16,5% in 2009 and in February of 2010 it was 18%, in Marc hit dropped to the
value of 17,7%. At the beginning of 2010 there was increase of the number of the recorded
unemployed in the voivodeship. In the first months of 2010 the rate was much higher than in
the same period in 2009.
The strength as well as opportunity of the labour market in the Voivodeship is one of
the highest in Poland share of the employed in the services sector with considerable low
employment in agriculture. This structure of employment does not really differ from the
structures of the economically developed countries. Vast share of the employed in services is
observed in Szczecin as well as in Koszalin and in Świnoujście.
Figure 18. The percentage of the employed in particular economic sectors in the scope of the Voivodeship
in 2008
70%
services
industry
agriculture
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
za
ch
o
m
az
ow
dn
ie
ck
io
po
ie
m
or
sk
po
ie
m
or
sk
do
ie
ln
oś
lą
sk
ie
lu
bu
sk
ie
śl
ą
w
sk
m
ar
ie
ał
m
op
iń
o
sk
ls
oki
m
e
az
ur
sk
ku
ie
ja
op
w
sk
ol
sk
opo
ie
m
o
w
rs
ie
ki
lk
e
op
ol
sk
ie
łó
d
po
zk
dk
ie
ar
pa
ck
ie
po
dl
as
ki
e
lu
be
św
l
sk
ię
ie
to
kr
zy
sk
ie
0%
Many activates aiming at soothing the detrimental effect of unemployment and
developing the local labour market have been taken up since 2004, involving both Polish and
with the major support of European Union funds. The public social labour services were
improved and strengthened. The unemployed received numerous possibilities of taking
advantage of the activities raising the opportunities of employment including numerous
encouraging programmes, trainings or retraining courses. The inhabitants of the rural areas
were also included in the support project. The activities performed in the social integration,
education and occupation domains were aimed for the people supported by the social services
and threatened with poverty and social exclusion. The people who started their own
entrepreneurship were granted a one-time financial support strengthening at the same time the
local entrepreneurship and self employment. Strategies and tools for quick response increase
of occurrence economic changes. The ventures their employees who were affected with the
processes of economic transformations were given support, predominantly the elderly and
without appropriate qualifications.
As the Szczecin Shipyards Nowa went bankrupt the stabilising and protective
activities were conducted by the Government, however its scale can be assessed as
insufficient. Special purpose Road Act eased the first impact of the shipyard bankruptcy and
34
8. Labour market
———————————————————————————————————
the compensation for redundancies was granted from the Employment Fund Contribution.
Only a slight percentage of the employees made redundant took advantage of the programmes
of retraining which was especially prepared. The bankruptcy of the shipyard, another large
factory in the region converged with the time of the world financial crisis.
The strategic challenge for the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is adjusting the training
offer vocational education in the region to match the current and the future needs of the
market. Shaping the labour market it is necessary to aim at vocational development of the
rural areas inhabitants, especially in the eastern part of the voivodeship. It is crucial to support
the existing and creating new workplaces in the Koszalin subregion and facilitate access to
education, especially in the poorest areas of the region. Equally important is to provide
support for people over 50 years old, who are less attractive from the point of view of
employers as prospective employees because they lack sufficient vocational qualifications and
education.
The main challenge for the regional work market is filling the gap after bankruptcy of the
Szczecin shipyard Nowa and shortage of orders for the cooperating companies.
35
9. Economy
———————————————————————————————————
2.9 Economy
In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2008 there were 213 124 registered
economic entities, amounting to 5.7% of all companies in Poland. Similar to other regions,
actual business activities are conducted by 45% of the registered firms. Taking into
consideration the number of registered companies per 1 000 inhabitants, the voivodeship is in
1st place in Poland with an indicator value of 125.9 and the national average being 98.5. In
the region, leading districts are: Kołobrzeski (178.1), Koszalin (172.2) and Świnoujście
(169.9).
The process of ownership right transformation is slower than in other voivodeships.
During 1990 up to the middle of 2009 in entailed 295 state companies, which was 56.19% of
all of the companies and was the lowest result in the country. In 1990, in the voivodeship, the
highest number of state companies per 10 000 inhabitants were located. The region's economy
is mainly based on production facilities. As of the 31st of December 2008, the National
Treasury was a shareholder in 55 companies, whereby in 26 of those its share did not exceed
50% and 25 companies were single ownership companies of the State Treasury.
Figure 19. The number of registered economic entities per 1 000 inhabitants in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship in relation to analogous sizes in Poland and other voivodeships in 2008
1
All
1,28
Micro
1,29
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0,95
Small
1,02
Medium
0,80
Large
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
Position in the voivodeship ranking
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship has the most fragmented structure of company
sizes in Poland. The number of micro-companies per 1 000 inhabitants is 129% of the
national average. The concentration of small (in total 6 561 entities in 2008) and medium
(1 331 entities in 2008) does not differ significantly from the national averages. Whereas the
share of large companies, of which in 2008 there were 167 (80% of the average national
density) is significantly lower than in other regions. What’s more, their number decreased
from 2004 by 10%, whilst in Poland the decrease was 1.5%.
36
9. Economy
———————————————————————————————————
Table 1. Basic structural data for sectors in the voivodeship and Poland in 2007
no. of companies
sectors
agriculture
industry
construction
trade
services
* 2006 data
working
added value *
Poland
Zachodniopomorskie
Poland
Zachodniopomorskie
Poland
Zachodniopomorskie
2,55%
10,35%
10,65%
41,41%
35,02%
2,86%
8,05%
11,18%
41,10%
35,90%
15,97%
23,16%
5,80%
16,41%
38,63%
8,80%
22,00%
6,65%
17,85%
44,68%
4,25%
24,23%
5,94%
28,23%
37,34%
4,49%
17,85%
6,68%
30,53%
40,45%
In individual regions during 2005 – 2008 the number of economic entities of the
national economy in total increased with the exception of the city of Szczecin subregion,
where a slight decrease occurred of 1035 entities. The largest growth (by about 8%) was
observed in the Stargard and Szczecin sub regions, where the number of entities per 10 000
inhabitants is the smallest.
Figure 20. National economy entities in total and per 10 000 inhabitants according to sub regions in 2008
1 800
entities in total
70 000
60 000
1 400
1 255
1 202
50 000
40 000
1 600
1 575
1 200
1 000
970
74 264
800
64 098
30 000
600
20 000
38 386
36 376
10 000
400
200
0
entities per 10 000 inhabitants
entities per 10 thousand inhabitants (right axis)
80 000
0
Koszalin sub-region
Stargard sub-region
City of Szczecin subregion
Szczecin sub-region
Out of 350 companies listed on the main floor of the Warsaw Stock Exchange only
two are registered in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship - Zakłady Chemiczne Police S.A.
and Koszalińskie Przedsiębiorstwo Przemysłu Drzewnego S.A. in Szczecinek. Their share in
the total capital value of the companies on the Polish stock exchange is 0.2%. On the New
Connect stock exchange, the Read-Gene S.A. company is listed, with a capital value of 2.1%
of the whole stock exchange.
As a result of ownership changes, consolidations and transfers and in particular
transferring or liquidating of centers, the voivodeship’s capital is losing its pan-regional
character.
Szczecin is no longer the seat for Pomorski Bank Kredytowy.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is being missed out during locating the headquarters of
national or pan-regional importance – as an example the inclusion of the Zespół Elektrowni
Dolna Odra into the newly established PGE energy group. In North-West Poland, Szczecin is
losing headquarters and hubs of infrastructure and energy companies mostly to Poznań, for
example: Enea, Wielkopolska Spółka Gazownictwa, Orlen regional management and railway
companies.
37
9. Economy
———————————————————————————————————
In a report compiled by The Gdańsk Institute for Market Economics the voivodeship
went up to 6th place in 2009. Transport accessibility and investor's support are deemed to be
the voivodeship's biggest assets.
Figure 21. Evaluation of investment attractiveness of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2009*
1
Voivodeships investment
attractiveness
3
Labour costs and availability
3
Transport availability
3
Voivodeship investor activities
3
Markets
3
Economic infrastructure
3
Social infrastructure
3
General safety
3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
* summary according to indicator importance
source: own work based on the “Investment attractiveness of the voivodeships and sub-regions of Poland
in 2009”” report IBnGR, Gdańsk 2009.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is seen in a much better light by the investors
themselves. In 2007 the value of their investments reached 90 million Euro. In 2008 such
investors as GaveKal Analytics Polska sp. z o.o. (initially 20 and a target of 50 people
employed in the R&D and data verification centre), the British company Valassis (from 160
up to a target of 300 employees in a data processing centre), international bank UniCredit (a
target of 450 employees in a regional competence centre) have been attracted to the region. In
2009 the largest investment in Poland was Cargotec’s a Finnish company’s project. The
enterprise with an estimated value of 64 million Euros, which aims to provide jobs to 400
people. The largest single investment in the recent years in the voivodeship is the tyre
company, Bridgestone, locating their factory near Stargard Szczeciński.
For the regional economy, exports are a significant source of incomes. In 2007, 28 061
entities from the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship region exported goods of total value in
excess of 2.5 billion PLN. The largest share in exports went to industrial processing, which
was characterized by the most dynamic growth during the period of evaluation. During 20022008 its share exceeded 70% of the total exports value in the voivodeship. The second group,
considering the size of exports was the transport, warehousing and communication industry –
from 5 to 15% of total exports.
38
9.1 Industry
———————————————————————————————————
2.9.1. Industry
Industrial processing in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is based on energy,
chemical, ship yards, forestry and furniture, construction and agricultural and food, including
fishing industries. Up until now the main hubs of industrial facilities were located in the larger
regional cities, however with the growth of industrial zones, a gradual dispersion of
production and its location in communes on the outskirts of the cities is occurring, for
example near Goleniów, Police, Stargard Szczeciński, Karlino and shortly near Gryfino and
Dębno. Goleniów Industrial Park, the largest in the region, had 36 investment enterprises in
2010.
In 2008 the sold industrial production in the voivodeship amounted to 25 018.9 million
PLN. The voivodeship industry had a 3.78% share of the total national employment in
industry and provided 2.88% of the national industrial production value.
Figure 22. Sold production in total per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship as a percentage of the national
production in 2004 - 2008
66%
65%
64%
63%
65,42%
62%
65,22%
64,80%
61%
62,52%
61,65%
60%
59%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In 2008 the largest value of sold industrial production was achieved in the Szczecin
sub-region, where it amounted to 10 306.5 million PLN. It should be noted that in the City of
Szczecin sub-region the industrial production was almost half that size.
Figure 23. Sold industrial production in total of the sub-regions in 2008
12 000
PLN million
10 000
8 000
6 000
10 306,5
4 000
6 798,9
5 438,4
2 000
2 475,1
0
Koszalin sub- Stargard subCity of
Szczecin subregion
region
Szczecin subregion
region
39
9.1 Industry
———————————————————————————————————
In 2007 in the voivodeship the largest production growth was achieved by companies
from the following industries: forestry (by 32.0%), furniture (by 24.8%) as well as companies
manufacturing metal products (by 24.4%).
At the end of 2007 in the industrial sector 148 867 people were employed, an increase
of 5.9% on the previous year. From 2004 the industrial employment in the voivodeship
increased by 15.0% whilst in the same period in the whole country in increased by 11.8%
Industrial workers represent 28.6% of the total employment in the region.
The sold production per 1 inhabitant in 2007 reached the highest values in the
following districts: Police (54.6 thousand PLN), Goleniów (53.3 thousand PLN) and Szczecin
(26.9 thousand PLN). The voivodeship average was 14 784 PLN which placed it in 12th place
in the country (national average 22.8 thousand PLN). Lowest values were reached in the
districts of: Łobez and Choszczno, 3.3 and 4.0 thousand PLN correspondingly.
Figure 24. Sold industrial production value per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship in 2008
60 000
50 000
1
26
5
25
7
3
99
3
24
6
5
56
1
5
5
98
8
8
51
6
98
6
6
02
0
7
12
9
19
7
7
8
08
9
67
2
51
1
35
4
33
1
10
5
10
11
12
13
14
26
10 000
8
Zachodniopomorskie
94
7
20 000
53
63
54
30 000
2
40 000
po
lic
go
ki
le
ni
ow
sz
sk
cz
i
ec
in
ec
ki
Ko
sz
al
in
Sz
cz
ec
in
wa
łe
ck
m
i
yś
lib
or
sk
i
py
rz
yc
ki
św
id
w
iń
sk
ko
i
ło
br
ze
sk
bi
ał
i
og
ar
d
zk
Św
i
in
ou
jśc
ie
dr
aw
sk
ko
i
sz
al
iń
sk
sł
i
aw
ie
ńs
ki
gr
yf
ic
st
ki
ar
ga
rd
ch
zk
os
i
zc
ze
ńs
ki
ło
be
sk
i
0
source: own work based on BDR GUS data; GUS does not publish data re. sold industrial production per
1 inhabitant for the districts of Gryfino and Kamieniec.
Large differences between the districts in the sold industrial production value per 1
inhabitant are connected with the distribution of the largest industrial facilities of the
voivodeship. In Police and Szczecin districts, the size of industrial production was influenced
mainly by the large value of the chemical industry production, mainly the Zakłady Chemiczne
„Police” S.A. and Kronospan Szczecinek sp. z o.o and their dependant companies and
contractors. On the other hand in the Goleniów district, together with the development of
Goleniów Industrial Park, the best growth dynamics were achieved, with the sold industrial
production value per 1 inhabitant increasing by 411% during 2004 – 2008. Large increases
were also observed in the city of Świnoujście (175%) and the districts of Drawsko (98%) and
Pyrzyce (86%). Contractions were noted in the districts of Koszalin (12%) and city of
Szczecin (9%).
The shipbuilding and shipyard industry recession in Poland and the world economic
slowdown will have the largest influence on the state of the economy in the voivodeship. The
two fold (2002 and 2009) collapse of the largest ship yard in the region and the connected
problems faced by its contractors, many of whom are located in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship show, that one cannot count on the stable ship yard industry to be the regional
economy stabiliser.
From November 2008, a decrease in exports was observed as a result of the global
recession. This trend cannot even be reversed by a relatively low value of the Polish currency.
The most prone to suffer the effects of export failure in the region are: transport means
40
9.1 Industry
———————————————————————————————————
production, forestry (including furniture production), chemical and computer and precision
instruments manufacturing.
Within the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship various support instruments are
available, e.g.: Zachodniopomorskie Regionalny Fundusz Poręczeń Kredytowych, Regionalny
Fundusz PoŜyczkowy Pomeranus, Fundusz Poręczeń Kredytowych POLFUND.
Challenges: Activities aimed at industrial development in the voivodeship should be aimed at
enlarging the existing and creating new investment zones and intense economic activity.
These should be implemented mainly within the scope of increasing the investment
attractiveness of the region as part of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Regional
Operational Programme. The efforts should be concentrated on activating economical
activities in communes where such zones are already in existence. They should be
supplemented by financial support instruments for conducting economic activity, addressed at
small and medium companies in the voivodeship.
A large regional funs should be set up, concerned with load guarantees for small and medium
enterprises and for reactivation programmes. A large credit and loan fund, functioning
independently or in cooperation with smaller institutions, can in future to be the origin of a
strong regional bank.
41
9.2 Trade and services
———————————————————————————————————
2.9.2. Trade and services
With the voivodeship’s population, constituting 4.44% of the population of Poland, the
shops within its borders constituted 5.4% of the national total, petrol stations 4.4%, market
places 5.1%, restaurants 4.6%, bars 4.2% whereas canteens 7.5%. The wholesale of the
voivodeship constituted 1.6% of the wholesale of Poland. The services industry provides the
majority of jobs in the voivodeship with over 60% of the employed, most of them in the
market services (e.g.: trade, transport, financial agents, hotels and catering).
In 2008 the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was placed in 6th position in the
country with regards to the retail trade per one inhabitant, as compared to 9th place in 2004.
The value if these sales (10 589 PLN) was however lower than the Polish average of 14 814
PLN.
During 2004 - 2008 a significant increase in the number of trade establishments was
noted. Towards the end of 2008, 20 842 shops were active (by 20% more than in 2004) and
447 petrol stations. An average of 81 inhabitants per one shop (100 in 2004) with the national
average of 103.
During 2004 – 2009 in the voivodeship the number of market places decreased from
119 to 116, but their total area increased from 568 thousand sq. m. to 589 thousand sq. m. At
the end of 2008, catering activity was conducted at 153 restaurants, 159 bars, 155 canteens
and 126 catering points. Catering activity yielded an income of 433 million PLN and
constituted 4.0% of the incomes from catering in Poland.
Similar to the rest of the country, shopping centres and large area shops are increasing
in significance. This is linked to a changing lifestyle, time management and shopping together
with eating out or entertainment. In 2007 in the voivodeship there were 16 hypermarkets, with
an average of 105 766 inhabitants per one, with the national average of 96 251.
number of hy per-markets (right axis)
69
80
70
56
60
42
35
24
12
14
7
26
9
8
13
16
31
21
50
40
30
13
20
10
0
number of hyper-markets
number of inhabitants per 1 hy per-market
200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
po
dk
ar
pa
po ck ie
dl
as
ś w lu b kie
e
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to ls k
kr
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ie
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k
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r
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dz
po
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m ie
do o rs
ln
k
oś i e
lą
sk
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ąs
ki
e
number of inhabitants per 1 hypermarket
Figure 25. Number of inhabitants per hypermarket in the voivodeship in 2007
The number of newly opened trade establishments signals a strong growth of the retail
trade, mainly small and medium shops with a slowdown of the wholesale trade. The above
average number of catering establishments is a result of the transit and tourist character of the
voivodeship. The over-representation of the canteen type establishments is a result of the
strong influence of seasonal tourism on the voivodeship. The above average number of
market places is a result of the border trade significance in the trade structure of the
voivodeship.
42
9.2 Trade and services
———————————————————————————————————
Challenges: According to forecasts evaluating the effects of the economic crisis at the end of
the first decade of the XXI century, in the voivodeship about 200 food trade establishments
and about 100-150 medium and large clothing traders may fold. Apart from the closing down
of existing establishments, many trading chains are stopping and rethinking expansion plans.
This is a result of the current market situation for commercial premises, where their
development has been halted due to lack of loans.
For trading and service companies operating on the Polish-German border region, a
significant factor in the uncertainty is the constantly changing PLN exchange rate. Until
Poland joins the Euro Zone, trade and service companies’ long term planning will always bear
the risk of currency exchange fluctuations. It should be remembered that shopping tourism is
a two-way system. Only after the adoption by Poland of the common currency, will the
differences in the legal and fiscal systems be the deciding factors in the profitability of goods
and services exchange.
One of the most serious challenges and a very big chance for Zachodniopomorskie trade is the
constant and very dynamic growth of internet sales. It should be noted, that when it comes to
e-trade, the region is not held back by its location at the outskirts of the country. Lack of
geographical marginalization is evident, amongst others in the functioning of the courier rates
for postal services. For companies in the Zachodniopomorskie operating in the border regions,
this will mean that they will be able to conduct internet activities using warehouses located in
Germany. Companies involved in e-trade will thus have access to a joint 120 million people
Polish-German market at a relatively low cost.
43
9.3 Construction
———————————————————————————————————
3.9.3. Construction
The economic revival in 2004 – 2008 was significant for the building industry. In
2007 in Zachodniopomorskie the increase in employment in the construction industry was
7.5% at the same time, the wages in this industry in the region increased by 16%. 11.2% of
the companies in the voivodeship were involved in the building industry. In 2007, in the
construction industry and related industries in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 1 520
new economic entities were established and this was the largest growth of all industries.
The sales of building and assembly production per one inhabitant in 2008 was 3 991
PLN, which places the voivodeship in 5th place in the country, with the national average of
3 583 PLN. During 2004 – 2008 the value of building and assembly production per inhabitant
in the voivodeship oscillated around the national average, and since 2006 exceeding it
slightly.
Figure 26. Building and assembly production sales per one inhabitant in Poland and the voivodeship in
2004 - 2008
Polska
zachodniopomorskie
4 500
4 000
3 991
3 500
3 583
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 849
1 743
1 000
500
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
From 2004 the value of building and assembly production sales increased almost twofold to 6 756 million PLN in 2008. Regarding the share of the national sales, the region is
located in 8th place in Poland. It varies between 4 and 5% with an increasing trend.
44
9.3 Construction
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 27. Building and assembly production in the voivodeship in 2004 - 2008 (absolute value in million
PLN and share in the national production)
PLN million
percentage
4,94%
7,00
6,00
5,2%
5,0%
4,91%
4,57%
5,00
4,8%
4,00
4,6%
4,30%
6,7564
4,19%
3,00
4,4%
5,4044
4,6195
2,00
4,2%
3,3772
2,9556
1,00
4,0%
0,00
3,8%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In 2005 – 2008 the number of permits issued for construction as a total floor space of
structures increased. The share in the total number of permits in the country in that period
increased from 3.16% to 4.66%, whereas the total square floor meterage in permits issued
from 552 thousand sq. m. to 944 thousand sq. m.
Figure 28. Building permits issued in the voivodeship in 2005-2008 (floor space and share in the national
permits)
square meters
percentage
1 000 000
4,66%
5,00%
4,26%
800 000
4,00%
3,16%
3,30%
600 000
3,00%
944 032
835 953
400 000
551 687
2,00%
587 483
200 000
1,00%
0
0,00%
2005
2006
2007
2008
Challenges: The building industry of the region is characterized by a dispersion of the
contractors and a weak capital situation of the companies. In developing the building industry
in the voivodeship, the aim should be to create incentives for local companies to create chains,
clusters and consortiums which will be able to compete with national and international
companies. In the building industry, the ability to make use of the economic demand and the
45
9.3 Construction
———————————————————————————————————
investment opportunities are particularly important. As an example the development of the
tourist infrastructure in the coastal belt can be cited.
Large infrastructure investments such as roads, at industrial parks or those linked with a reactivation of the residential housing are also an opportunity to support the building industry in
the voivodeship. A significant role in the building and assembly industries will be played by
the forthcoming construction of the Gasport in Świnoujście and the permanent link between
the islands of Uznam a Wolin.
46
9.4 Agriculture
———————————————————————————————————
2.9.4. Agriculture
The basic characteristics of the Zachodniopomorskie agriculture is a large area of
farms, low, favorable percentage of those employed in agriculture, high degree of automation
and the orientation towards plant production and in particular grains, potatoes and sugar beets.
Farms with large and proportionally centralized farming areas are dominant. Towards
the end of 2008 the average size of a farm in the voivodeship was 29.68 ha, almost thrice
more than the national average (10.02 ha). It is not only the highest in Poland, but above the
European Union average. It is also noteworthy that 2% of the largest farms in the voivodeship
are able to produce 20% of direct surpluses. The large area of farms creates possibilities to
specialize, concentrate production and make use of economies of scale and produce large
incomes. Profits gained by large farms allow the financing of machine purchases, fertilizer
and planed protection products at a level which will compete with large scale farms in the
European Union. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, the largest average size of arable
land at farms (24.11 ha can be observed, as compared to a value in the region of 304 ha in the
Małopolskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships. Therefore the region is characterized by a
significantly lower number of tractors and harvesters per 100 ha of arable lands as well as the
lowest indicator of rural commune road (about 21 km/100 sq. km.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
29,68
22,81 19,67
18,48 17,46 15,35
14,79 13,36
Polska
11,96
8,37
7,34
7,34
6,55
5,33
4,41
3,75
za
ch
od
ni
w
op
ar
om
m
iń
or
sk
sk
oie
m
az
ur
sk
ie
lu
bu
sk
ie
po
m
or
sk
ie
op
ol
sk
do
ku
ie
ln
ja
oś
w
lą
sk
sk
oie
po
m
or
sk
w
ie
ie
lk
op
ol
sk
ie
po
dl
as
m
ki
az
e
ow
ie
ck
ie
lu
be
lsk
ie
łó
dz
ki
e
śl
ąs
św
ki
ię
e
to
kr
zy
po
sk
ie
dk
ar
pa
ck
m
ie
ał
op
ol
sk
ie
hectares
Figure 29. Average size of arable lands at farms in Poland and the voivodeship in 2008
The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is characterized by a small number of
agricultural and food processing facilities. Many of the semi-finished products produced in
the voivodeship are processed outside of its borders, which has a particularly negative effect
on the global value of agricultural production per ha of arable lands. Its global value in 2008
reached 3 223 PLN. This placed the voivodeship in last place of the country with a national
average of 4 886 PLN. The growth dynamics of this value in the region, at 21.9% was
decidedly weaker than the Polish growth (33.0%).
During 2004 – 2008 crops of grains in the region were similar to the national level,
potato crops were above that and sugar beet crops were lower than average. At that time in the
voivodeship grain crops decreased from 39.9 to 30.8 dt/ha (11th place in the country), potato
crops decreased from 230 to 215 dt/ha (3rd place in the country) and sugar beet crops were
unchanged at a level of 399 dt/ha in 2004 and 400 dt/ha in 2008 (15th place in the country).
Grain crops in 2008 were at 95.7% of the national average, potato crops 112.2% and sugar
beets at 86%. Gradually the growing area of energy crops is being enlarged.
47
9.4 Agriculture
———————————————————————————————————
In 2007 animal production constituted 45.5% of the agricultural production of the
voivodeship. Both the population of farm animals and the production of meat and milk were
below the national average. In 2004-2008 the population of cattle per 100 ha of arable land
increased from 9.8 to 10.8 pcs. (16th place in the country). In 2008 it constituted 31.4% of the
average cattle population per 100 ha in the country. Between 2004 and 2008 the population of
pigs in the region decreased from 72.4 to 40.9 pcs. per 100 ha of arable land (13th place in the
country), achieving the level of 46.4% of the average national production in 2008.
During 2004 – 2007 the production of milk and slaughter animals remained almost
unchanged. In 2007 in the voivodeship 206 liters of milk were produced per hectare of arable
land, which constituted 27.6% of the average national figure (16th place in the country).
Production of slaughter animals per one hectare of arable land was 166 kilograms, i.e.: 71.7%
of the average national production (13th place in the country).
Challenges: A favorable agricultural area structure in the region has strong influences on the
disappearing of development barriers and it allows for the concentration of the means of
production and attaining high incomes. During the next few years this will be the decisive
factor in the determination of the Zachodniopomorskie's producer’s position in relation to
farms in other countries of the European Union. The agriculture in the voivodeship has a
unique opportunity to use economies of scale and at the same time to transplant the best
examples from large farms in the EU and USA. The permission to work with additional
genetically modified plants (GMO), the farming of which brings great profits to farms all over
the world, within the borders of one EU member state, which translates into the whole EU
could be of significant importance.
The negative aspect of a too large a concentration of arable lands should be noted. Large share
of entities registered outside of the region, together with a very intensive agricultural activity,
may lead to a premature depletion of the agricultural assets of the region. Depending on the
character of agricultural activity, the threshold after which a degradation of farms occurs is in
the region of 300 to 500 ha.
Together with an increase in ecological awareness, following the western countries, the
consumption of ecological foods will increase. As a result an increase in ecological farms will
be observed. These farms, currently few and far between in the region, are characterized by
very high production profit margins and a very high growth potential. Within the region, the
development of ecological producers' group’s should be supported as well as the R&D at
universities for local farms.
The Zachodniopomorskie agriculture faces serious challenges in the form of a change in the
relation between a high crop and a low production value per hectare. To change this, the
production of animals and milk should be intensified. Any initiatives aiming to locate
agricultural and food processing facilities in the voivodeship should be supported. The local
system of bank and credit guarantees should also be supported as well as the development of
local producers groups as a potential source of local capital procurement flowing into the
agriculture and food industry.
Not only have the conditions of the EU, but also of the whole world had an impact on the
development outlook for agriculture in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. It should be
considered that the whole European Union, up until now protecting its domestic markets, is
now under strong external pressure to open them up. Similar pressure is applied by the Union
industrial lobby, counting on huge profits from trade. It is not impossible that in the near
future the voivodeship will have to compete with producers from all over the world.
A significant challenge for agriculture will be brought about by the new form of environment
protection in Natura 2000 areas introduced to Poland after its accession to the European
Union. Adhering to the legal limits with regards to fertilisers, breeding, waste collection or
48
9.4 Agriculture
———————————————————————————————————
investment implementation, the activities aimed at retaining production space for agriculture
with the voivodeship which, for example, are threatened by a ban on irrigation within
protected areas should be supported.
49
9.5 Forestry
———————————————————————————————————
2.9.5. Forestry
The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is the fourth most forested voivodeship in
Poland; with 35.0% of woodlands (forests constitute 29.0% of the country). At the end of
2008, forests occupied 825.2 thousand ha, by 7.1 thousand ha more than in 2004 or by 8.9%
of forest land in Poland. In 2008 3 640 thousand m3 of wood was obtained from the forests in
the region, which was almost 11% of the national total. In this respect the voivodeship is in 1st
place in the country. Zachodniopomorskie in 2008 was characterized by the largest forest
assets – 184 063.9 thousand m3 which was 11% of the national assets. In total 1 166 ha were
earmarked for reforestation in 2008. As part of the Rural Development Areas Programme in
2004 – 2006, 1 887 ha or 4.75% of national replanting was reforested. At the end of 2008 in
the voivodeship, as part of PROW 2007 – 2013 275 ha were reforested (also 4.75% of the
national total). The voivodeship is in 11th place when it comes to reforestation funded by EU
grants.
In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the largest area of reserves and protected
forests can be found – 763.1 thousand hectares. i.e.: 10.8% of the total of such areas in
Poland. The incomes into commune budgets from forest tax in 2008 in the region were 15.6
million PLN, which was 8.9% of the total national income (3rd place). In 2008 the
voivodeship recorded 478 fires on 156.8 ha of forests (5.2% of the number and area of fires in
Poland).
Most forested are districts in the eastern and southern parts of the region and in
particular: Wałecki (54.5%), Drawski (45.3%), Szczecinecki (44.4%) and rural Koszaliński
(42.0%) and Myśliborski (41.5%). The lowest proportion of forests per area can be found in
the following districts: Pyrzyckim (6.3%), city of Szczecin (16.2%) and Gryfickim (20.2%).
Lower than the average proportion of forests can be found in the following districts: city of
Świnoujście, Kamieński and Sławieńskim. The largest increases in forests are in areas with a
predominantly agricultural employment, including the districts of Pyrzyce and Stargard. In 13
out of 114 communes of the voivodeship forests exceed 50%. Most forested communes are:
Człopa (71,0%), Drawno (67,1%) and Manowo (64,1%) and least in Warnice (0,8%) and
Pyrzyce (1,3). Twelve communes have less than 10% forests. Over the 2004 – 2008 a very
high increase in forests has been noted in three municipal communes (Stargard Szczeciński –
69,2%, Sławno – 42,1%, Białogard – 18,1%). A high increase in the forests, exceeding 5%,
was also noted in communes: Suchań (11,4%), Dobra Nowogardzka (7,3%), Przelewice
(6,0%), Lipiany (5,5%) and Dolice (5,3%).
According to a stock take at the end of 2008, 98.4% of forests are public. Private
forests lie on an area of 12.9 thousand ha. The private forest proportion is low, as it is only
1.6% with the national percentage of 21.4%, which provides favourable conditions for
carrying out sustainable forest development.
Further reforestation will be undertaken, mainly with the support of European Union
funds. Reforesting of post agricultural areas will increase the proportion of private forests,
nevertheless their proportion will still be one of the lowest in the country. The majority of
State Treasury forests will enable the upkeep of ecological and social function of the forests,
which are priorities in the establishment of the national forest policies.
The voivodeship has a strong position in the country when it comes to economic use
of forests, however a low level of food processing originating in forests can be observed. In
2008, in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 291 tons of blueberries were purchased, 6.1%
of the national figure, 1 165 of fruits of the forest, 26.5% and 942 tons of mushrooms, 15.9%.
Furthermore, 1 913 tons of hunted animals were collected, which is 20% of the national
purchase. The usage of the wood and paper industry products in the voivodeship is
50
9.5 Forestry
———————————————————————————————————
significantly higher than the national average. In 2008 in Zachodniopomorskie 2 103.1
thousand m3 of sawn timber was used, which was 28.3 of the national average and positioned
the region in 1st place in the country. Over 56 826.2 thousand m3 of fiber-board was used, in
total 41.2% (1st), 51 643.4 thousand m3 of hard fiber-boards 70.2% (1st), 402.1 thousand m3 of
chipboard 8.8% (4th). And 308.8 thousand tons of paper and cardboard 5.4 % (4th).
Challenges: The most important problem of the Zachodniopomorskie forestry is the weak
development of auxiliary production infrastructure. The voivodeship is located in the national
lead with regards to purchase of semi-finished products originating in the forest, however the
food processing industry based on those plays a marginal role on the national scale. Tourism
opportunities for forests are not explored.
The level of land development from the funds of Zasób Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa is
low, which means that wastelands are not reforested fast enough. The forests in the
voivodeship are in danger of pollution, dangers associated with single crop farming and the
associated danger of pests and the propagation of foreign species of flora and fauna.
The main priorities for forestry in the voivodeship are: the preservation and an increase in the
vitality of forest ecosystems, the retention of a high proportion of timber gain from a hectare
of forest and the retention of a high safety level with regards to fires in forests. Fire awareness
should be increased especially amongst tourists visiting West Pomerania.
The primary activities should also include: promotion of forest tourism, hunting, eco-tourism
and cycling. No regional product based on forest resources has been created. Despite the high
percentage of forests in the region, the restructuring of agriculture should be supported, aimed
at reforesting processes.
51
9.6 Tourism
———————————————————————————————————
2.9.6 Tourism
The significance of tourism for the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship economy stems
from the richness and its natural attributes in connection with the largest in the country and
diversified accommodation base and ease of access for tourists, in particular foreign.
The voivodeship’s attribute is the large number of attractive and diversified reservoirs
and the adjacent areas. Lakes in the western part of Pojezierze Pomorskie, the Odra delta,
Zalew Szczeciński and the waters of the Baltic Sea, and in particular Zatoka Pomorska create
unique conditions for tourism, especially water sports. The voivodeship’s attributes are also
the large forests and protected areas, historic architectural structures and a large spa and
recreation potential. In the varied tourist offer of the voivodeship, an increasingly important
role is played by active rest, including water recreation, cycling and horse riding, Nordicwalking and golf. Numerous tourists’ trails pas through the voivodeship: walking, cycling,
and horse riding and cultural. Historical structures located in the voivodeship, despite their
numerous attributes and attractive location, are an insignificant autonomous factor for
generating tourism.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is in 1st place in the country when it comes to
accommodation in total, the number of beds per 1 000 inhabitants, provided accommodation
in total and the accommodation provided for national tourists.
It is also in 1st place in Poland taking into consideration the percentage of
accommodation places, in 1st place with regards to the number of lodgings provided to foreign
tourists and in 4th place as a destination for foreigners.
In 2008 in the voivodeship 10 037 373 lodgings were provided, which is 17.7% of the
total in Poland. That was 13.1 more than last in 2004. 1 743 204 people used these services,
which is 8.9% of all tourists with overnight stays in the whole country (16.1% more than in
2004)
Figure 30. Accommodation provided at multi guest facilities according to voivodeship in 2008 (percentage
data, Poland = 100%)
20,0%
15,0%
10,0%
17,7%
14,1%
5,0%
10,9%
9,2%
9,0%
7,6%
5,3%
5,1%
4,3%
3,3%
3,3%
2,7%
2,7%
1,9%
1,6%
1,1%
za
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The voivodeship led the country with respect to the number of lodgings provided to
domestic tourists at multi guest facilities. In 2008 the voivodeship had 17.2% (over 1/6) of the
total in Poland of such lodgings provided. The voivodeship is also placed in 1st position with
regards to the number of lodgings provided to foreign tourists at multi guest facilities; in 2008
its share in the domestic market was 20.1%.
52
9.6 Tourism
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 31. Accommodation provided to domestic and foreign tourists at multi guest facilities according to
voivodeship in 2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%)
Domestic tourists; Poland = 100%
Foreign tourists; Poland = 100%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
e
lu
bu
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In 2008 in the voivodeship there were 840 facilities offering lodgings, thus 12.3 % of
the total number of such facilities and 18.5% of the total of accommodation places in the
whole of the country. Per 1 000 inhabitants of the voivodeship there are 63.7 lodgings – over
four times more than the average in Poland, where this indicator is at a level of 15.7. In
relation to the number of inhabitants, the largest number of lodgings is in the following
districts: Kamieński (395 places per 1 000 inhabitants), Gryfice (306), Kołobrzeg (261),
Sławieńskim (228), rural Koszalińskim (211) and Świnoujściu (197). The districts of southern
and central parts of the voivodeship are characterised by the lowest number of lodgings per
1 000 inhabitants.
During 2004 - 2008 the total number of facilities offering accommodation in the
voivodeship increased by 34%. In that period the number of hotels increased by 30% and
guest houses by 28%. In 2008 78 hotels constituted 5.2% of hotels in Poland whereas 23 guest
houses were 9.2% of the national number. In the voivodeship the highest percentage of usage
of accommodation spaces can be observed. It is constantly at a level above 45%, in 2008 it
was 47.6% (compared to 37.6% in Poland). A high concentration of accommodation places
occurs mostly in the coastal belt.
Figure 32: Degree of usage of lodgings in Poland and the voivodeship in 2004-2008
zachodniopomorskie
Polska
50%
45%
47,59%
46,37%
40%
35%
30%
37,59%
33,84%
25%
20%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In the long term the demographical structure of the population will have a significant
effect on the character of tourism. The number of adults and the elderly will increase, and the
average number of people in a family will decrease. This means, that during the next decade,
53
9.6 Tourism
———————————————————————————————————
the disposable income per family member sill significantly increase, and will be spend on
tourism and recreation. Quality and comfort will become more important.
There will be an increase in interest for active tourism, including extreme. This will
allow for the Zachodniopomorskie attributes to be developed further: water tourism, cycling,
horse riding, Nordic-walking and golf. Due to the construction of a harbors, marinas and
ports, interest in the voivodeship will increase amongst sailing enthusiasts, both Polish and
foreign. Polish tourists will be more and more numerous on golf courses. Discerning clients
will choose holidays in less crowded places or at periods guaranteeing mostly privacy and not
anonymity. This will means an increase in the interest in the voivodeship’s lake districts. This
is conditional on ensuring the right level of accommodation in these areas.
An increasing health awareness and health care will increase the demand for holidays
at fitness centers and SPA’s. A significant ingredient of the voivodeship’s tourism income
will be holidays pre-booked in advance by the National Health Fund and German health
funds. It is estimated that during the coming years German sentimental tourism will disappear.
Polish labor immigrants will be a more numerous group of tourists. These people, who do not
wish to return to Poland, as their financial situation stabilizes, will be willing to visit their
roots.
In the voivodeship, as in the country the importance of the internet in searching and
purchasing tourist services will increase. The length and value of holidays will increase. It is
necessary to ensure a large number of comfortable communication links. The currency
exchange fluctuations will add to the uncertainty factor.
The development of tourism is largely dependent on an integrated action from local
governments and tourist organizations. One of these was the adoption of a unified logo and
slogan, in order to unify and solidify in the tourist’s minds the image of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship as an attractive holiday destination. “Zachodniopomorskie.
Sea adventures” – is a slogan which informs about the variety of attractions and experiences
in the region.
The increasing interest of foreign tourists and potential investors is aided by:
permanent presence of the Zachodniopomorskie at national and international tourist trade
fairs, including the largest ITB Berlin, active participation by the voivodeship in international
tourist chains financed by the European Union, participation in the new initiative of Baltic
states "Baltic the peak of tourism" as well as tourist presentations of the voivodeship at home
and abroad and invitation extended to Polish diplomatic representatives. Independently from
the above since 2007 the voivodeship government, in cooperation with the communes, before
the tourist season organizes in main municipal centers of the country a weekends a
promotional event “Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Days”. During its course inhabitants of
cities (Poznań, Wrocław, Katowice) have an opportunity to get to know the attributes of
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, its history, culture, tourist attractions, culinary heritage.
Furthermore, since 2007, the voivodeship government organizes a competition "For the most
interesting tourist event of the year" which adds to the competitiveness of the region.
Activities aimed at increasing the development of tourist infrastructure have also been
undertaken as well as the construction of a regional system of tourist information and the
development of tourist goods. These enterprises have been reflected in the RPO WZ for 20072013. Additionally, the improvement of tourist attractiveness is improved by the
implementation of the “Budowa infrastruktury i wspólnej marki turystycznej
Zachodniopomorskiego Szlaku śeglarskiego” project which received funding from the
Innovative Economy Operational Programme for 2007-2013, as part of activity 6.4 –
Investments in pan regional tourist products. Trails and analogous development activities in
the lake district belt can decide the region’s position in the country when it comes to sailing
and water tourism.
54
9.6 Tourism
———————————————————————————————————
Challenges: The development of accommodation offer by adding facilities independent of the
weather and season will restrict seasonality and as a consequence improve the tourist
attractiveness of the region. A particular role will be played by holidays in self contained
facilities linked with health, or SPA's. This will facilitate the usage of available tourist spaces
outside of the high season.
A strong impulse for the development of tourism can be business tourism. A challenge facing
the Zachodniopomorskie will be the development of large and permanent conference centres.
A necessary condition for the development of tourism is the improvement of communications
in the region, and in particular the road, water and air infrastructure.
55
9.7 Maritime economy
———————————————————————————————————
2.9.7. Maritime economy
West Pomerania for a number of years has been linked with maritime economy. This
traditional specification, developing in the region for tens of years, has been one of the main
avenues for regional development, has become a source of turbulence in its economy. The
underinvestment’s in the port infrastructure, aging fishing fleet, inadequate accessibility for
tankers and in particular the collapse of Stoczna Szczecińska Nowa and the associated
redundancies attest to the above. The ship building industry in the region is at the moment
headed by smaller production and repair ship yards, including Gryfia, Porta Odra, El Ship and
Navikon in Szczecin, Morska Stocznia Remontowa in Świnoujście, Stocznia Darłowo.
Despite that in 2004 – 2008 the number of maritime economy entities in the voivodeship
increased by 641 units to a level of 2 839, which is in excess of 1.3% of economic entities in
the region. As a comparison, this indicator in the Pomorskie Voivodeship is twice as high.
100 ships are registered in the voivodeship with a total deadweight tonnage of 2 294.7
thousand tons including 79 vessels for the carriage of dry cargo, 7 tankers, 11 ferries and 3
passenger ships. Their average age is 20. The region boasts 80% of the quantities potential
and almost 90% of the tonnage potential of the Polish transport fleet. One of the more
important companies on the maritime economy market in the voivodeship is Polish Steamship
Company, the largest Polish shipowner. The company has at its disposal 71 ships of total
deadweight tonnage of over 2 million dwt (up to 2015 it is assumed that an investment
programme will be implemented for 34 new ships) and carries over 21 million tons of cargo
per annum. The main sector of their activities is the shipping of bilk cargo, the company is a
market leader with regards to shipping of liquid sulphur.
In 2008 in the cargo handling of sea ports in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
was at a level of 18 899.9 thousand tons, which was 38.6% of cargo handling in all Polish
ports. That was 7.2% more than last in the previous year. Similarly in the previous years the
largest share in the cargo handling went to the ports of Świnoujście (46,8%) and Szczecin
(41,2%). In cargo handling for the needs of Zakłady Chemiczne Police SA, an important role
was played by the commercial port in Police. Smaller cargo handling operations are also
under way in Kołobrzeg, Darłowo and Stępnica.
56
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 33. Cargo handling in chosen ports of the Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeships
according to cargo types in 2008
Total
Liquid bulk
Dry bulk
Containers
Rolling, self propelled
Rolling, not self propelled
Other cargo
18000
16000
thousand tons
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Gdańsk
Gdynia
Szczecin
Świnoujscie
Police
source: own work based on the "Maritime economy 2008” publication, Statistical Office, Szczecin.
In Polish ports in 2008 a decrease of cargo handling was noted, however the decrease
in the market only to a limited extent affected the ports in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.
In Szczecin the turnover decreased by 2.8% and in the port of Świnoujście increased by
19/7% (1.5 million tons) and in Police by over 5.1% (0.1 million tons). In Gdańsk the
decrease in cargo handling was at 14.4%, whereas in Gdynia – 13.4%.
Figure 34. Structure of cargo handling according to sea ports in 2008
4,4%
0,3%
18,1%
35,0%
15,9%
26,3%
Gdańsk
Gdynia
Szczecin
Świnoujście
Police
Pozostałe
source: Maritime economy in Poland in 2008. Statistical Office in Szczecin.
1 051.1 thousand passengers used the ports in the voivodeship in 2008, which is
39.8% of the national figure. Over 90% were international passengers with 65% travelling to
and from Sweden. For years and unchallenged leader in the servicing of passenger trade is the
port of Świnoujście. In 2008 825 467 people used it. As a comparison, the port in Gdynia
serviced in 383 292 and the port in Gdańsk 175 133 passengers in that period. After the
collapse at the beginning of the first decade of XXI century, the market in passenger carriage
in Poland and in the region is experiencing a systematic, but slight revival. As a result of
Poland joining the Schengen zone and the abolition of duty free zone sales during sailings in
coastal vessels, the passenger sailings from the ports of TrzebieŜ and Warpno decreased
significantly.
Inland shipping is based on the Oder water way and is directly linked to the maritime
economy in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. Since 2006 national cargo inland
57
———————————————————————————————————
waterway shipping is steadily increasing. In 2006 it was 773 thousand tons, in 2008 this
indicator reached a value of 1 217 thousand tons. Further growth of the sector requires an
improvement in the navigability of rivers.
Investment expenditures for maritime economy (new facilities and improvement of
existing ones) in 2006 and 2007 increased by 89 million PLN, however in 2008 they
increased only by 3 million PLN to a level of 323 million PLN. The largest share in the
investment expenditures went to Szczecin and Świnoujście Seaports authority, which
implemented investments in port infrastructure for the Zachodniopomorskie Logistical
Centre, container terminal and cargo handling infrastructure on the Półwysep Katowice.
The voivodeship actively takes part in the process of preparing strategies solutions and
concepts of an integrated maritime policy for sustainable development of the Baltic Sea and
the adjacent regions. This aim is to be achieved as a result of cooperation of countries and
regions and implementation of priorities of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea
2009 encompassing environmental protection, welfare, accessibility and attractiveness and
safety.
During recent years the number of economic entities in the fishing industry is
dropping, even though Polish sea regional are rich in fish. Fishing plays a role in the
reactivation of local and regional economy. In 2005 there were 744 entities of the national
economy in this sector. Most companies are small, employing a few people. In 2005, those
private individuals conducting business activities owned 544 enterprises in this sector, in 2007
this number decreased by 31. This could have been influenced by a programme of scrapping
fishing boats, which guaranteed benefits to fishermen who scrapped their vessels. At the same
time a programme of balancing the fishing industry for 2007-2013 assumes the support of
initiatives which aim to preserve the balance between sea and inland waterway resources and
the fishing capacity of the Polish sea fleet, including the adaptation and modernisation of
vessels, improvement in port quality reactivation of the local population.
Szczecin as one of only two cities in Poland hosts a university with a maritime profile
and only at the local Maritime Academy the subject inland shipping is taught. In the academic
year 2008/2009 the Maritime Academy had 3 417 students, 60 more than in the previous year.
Maritime subjects can also be studied at University of Szczecin (US) and
Zachodniopomorskie Technological University (ZUT), particularly in the Sea Science
Institute at the Earth Sciences Institute (US) and at the Maritime Technical Faculty and
Fishing and Food Science Faculty (ZUT)
Challenges: The development of the maritime economy of the region should be undertaken in
collaboration with the creations of the Central European Transport Corridor CETC-ROUTE65
as a key mechanism for improving accessibility and competitiveness of the voivodeship. This
will entail modernizing ports through investments and changes to the organizational and legal
structures. The biggest challenge is the construction of the external port with a LNG gas
terminal in Świnoujście. The creations of the gas terminal is essential for the servicing of
specialist ships (i.e. LNG tankers) shipping liquid natural gas. Its construction is linked with
the government’s policy of diversifying the supply of energy natural resources to Poland. The
location of such a large investment will aid the economic development of Świnoujście and the
region. A modern facility with a strategic significance will increase the city's status also on an
international stage. This will be an incentive for locating further capital.
A key significance for the economic situation of the region is the solidifying of the position of
the port complex Szczecin – Świnoujście.
It is also important to dynamically develop small sea ports on the coast and an upgrade of the
water way Szczecin – Świnoujście which will balance the port’s transport system of the Odra
estuary and improve their competitiveness.
58
———————————————————————————————————
The opportunity to re-activate the inhabitants of the areas where fishing activity is or was
conducted is in the hands of partnerships operating in accordance to the formula of local
fishing groups and implementing successive strategies for the development of fishing areas.
59
10. Innovativeness
———————————————————————————————————
2.10. Innovativeness
The Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship does not boast the top positions in terms of the
level of innovativeness. The foundation of the regional innovative potential is constituted by
public higher schools. In the region, there are no institutions of the Polish Academy of
Sciences or research-development units. Enterprises most frequently take advantage of the
transferred solutions tested in the Western countries or in different regions of Poland through
the purchase of machine, devices and ready technologies. The infrastructural milieu of the
innovation-related activity in the province, similarly to that in other regions of Poland, is only
being created and adjusted to the standards of the EU. Cooperation of business with the R&D
sector in the region does not have a strategic character, which would be oriented on a longterm development of innovations.
Pro-innovative projects in the region are mainly bottom-top initiatives, implemented in
a non-coordinated manner by institutions and individuals involved in the development of
innovativeness. In this manner, many enterprises relevant to the targets of the „Regional
Strategy of Innovativeness in the Zachodniopomorskie province”, formulated in 2005,
transferring into the regional level the targets of the Lisbon Strategy, referring to
innovativeness, were implemented. Numerous conferences, training events and workshops
were organized, post-graduation studies, as well as practice for students in enterprises, were
made available; promotional activities also were taking place. Research infrastructure serving
the needs of companies was being developed; centers of technology transfer as well as cluster
initiatives were created and developed, initial works in the field of regional foresight, research
of the innovation-related needs of entrepreneurs, knowledge in the field of innovationfinancing instruments was gathered, international cooperation fairs were organized.
The development of HR and institutional infrastructure resulting from these activities
in the voivodeship is, however, insufficient. Deficit of specialists such as technology brokers,
cluster animators and project evaluators in the field of risk capital is still perceptible.
Educating them was not an aim of any of the regional projects of HR development.
There is a pronounced decrease trend in the level of the corporate expenses on
innovative activity. In the year 2008, they amounted to 395,917,000 PLN in the region, while
in 2004 they were nearly two-times higher. It constituted 1.5% of the total innovation
expenditure in the entire country. In terms of research and development, companies in the
region assigned 3.5% of their expenditure on innovative activities, while the mean value for
the country amounted to 9.4%.
In the period 2004-2008, the expenses of Zachodniopomorskie companies on
innovative activity fell nearly two-fold to the level of 395,917,000 PLN, reaching the level of
1.5% of the total expenditure in the entire country. In terms of research and development,
companies in the region assigned 3.5% of their expenditure on innovative activities, while the
mean value for the country amounted to 9.4%
60
10. Innovativeness
———————————————————————————————————
Figure 35. Total expenditure on research-development activity in the year 2008
3 500
PLN million
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
3 322,1
1 000
500
895,3
611,5
609,2
457,4
424,7
398,2
239,9
177,4
129,4
125,2
92,2
80,5
74,7
40,4
28,2
m
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0
source: own work based on of the RDB CSO data.
Figure 36. Expenditure on research and development in the Polish zloty per capita and in the enterprise
sector in millions of PLN in the year 2008
1 200
600
1 000
500
800
400
600
300
400
200
200
100
0
0
R&D expenditure in companies
R&D expenditure in companies
m
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Total R&D expenditures per 1 inhabitant
Total R&D expenditures per 1 inhabitant
700
source: own work based on the RDB CSO data.
In the year 2008, employment in the R&D for 1,000 professionally active people
reached 3.1%, which gives the region the ninth position in the country. A similar position is
that in terms of a number of research-development institutions, expenditure on innovative
activity in the industry, a number of domestic inventions of which the Patent Office was
notified, a number of applications for financial aid for investments and a number of mid-high
and high technology companies. In the year 2008, the inventions and utility models of which
the Patent Office was notified, obtained patents and granted protection rights constituted 3.3%
of their overall number.
The sale of new and modernized products in Poland in the recent years has amounted
to 14.7% of the total sale, and in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship this ratio was 8.1%;
what attracts attention, is the high ratio of the participation of new and modernized products
in the total export. In the province, this ratio amounted to more than 70%, while the mean
value for the country was at the level of 40%. It may indicate a substantial proportion of the
61
10. Innovativeness
———————————————————————————————————
licensed production purchased by the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship companies and
financed by foreign capital, investing in the province.
Partnership in the field of innovation is still insufficiently developed. Mechanisms of
information and cooperation in terms of the operating of technology transfer, entrepreneurship
support and innovativeness are not adjusted to the market needs. A low level of involvement
of the institutions of business environment in providing services in the field of technology
transfer and small participation of public authorities in strengthening of the potential of
support institutions. In the region, there are between 10 and 20 institutions of business
environment in the field of innovativeness. The largest and oldest one of them is, employing
approximately 20 people, Regional Centre of Innovations and Technology Transfer in
Szczecin (RCI&TT), which functions as the unit of the Zachodniopomorskie University of
Technology. It belongs, similarly to Polish Entrepreneurship Foundation, to the National
Innovation Network (NIN). Moreover, the RCI&TT along with the Zachodniopomorskie
Economic Development Association conducts the Zachodniopomorskie Centre of Enterprise
Europe Network as an element of European network of innovation relay centers.
Since May 2008, the Regional Council of Economy, Innovation and Technology,
consisting of the representatives of science, entrepreneurs and business support institutions,
and being an advisory body to the Voivodeship Executive Board in the field of planned and
current pro-innovative enterprises, has been functioning.
Challenges: the level of innovativeness of the voivodeship should be regarded as a threat to
the future economic position of the region. Without raising it, enterprises will not be able to
participate in knowledge-based economy in the future.
An opportunity of development of the innovative companies sector in the region are
investment plans for science and technology parks in Szczecin and Koszalin. Implementing
these enterprises should provide companies with necessary grounds, facilities and specialist
services.
As part of the implementation of „Regional Strategy of Innovativeness for the
Zachodniopomorskie Province”, it is necessary to strengthen the research areas, strategic for
the region. A system of identification of technological and innovation-related needs of SMEs
should be created, and so should be a regional system of multi-directional transfer and
commercialization of technology and innovative solutions. Increasing innovative awareness
of SME and creating in the region a permanent cooperation platform between R&D sector and
economy, including effective information system and a system of matching supply and
demand for the R&D services, is necessary.
Zachodniopomorskie scientific staff and the innovative enterprises of the voivodeship should
strive to create common centers of innovation and R&D centers, making it possible to take
advantage of opportunities and strengths of the economy and science of the region.
First and foremost:
- regional foresight, making it possible to identify the strategic directions of development of
the region upon the basis of cooperation with the scientific circles, should be conducted,
- network structures (including clusters), accelerating technology transfer, should be created,
- the infrastructure of innovativeness support, including science and technology parks and the
tools of financing of innovation-related processes (seed capital and venture capital funds),
needs to be created.
The risk factor may be a dependence of innovative enterprises on the auxiliary programmes of
the EU,
which
are often
accompanied
by the elaborate procedures.
62
11. Science
———————————————————————————————————
2.11. Science
In the region, there are 22 further education establishments. The largest are the
University of Szczecin, the Zachodniopomorskie University of Technology, Pomeranian
Medical University (former Pomeranian Academy of Medicine), Maritime Academy, the
Koszalin University of Technology and Zachodniopomorskie Business School.
Scientific staff employed at the universities in the voivodeship in the academic year
2007/2008 consisted of 4,199 academic teachers, including 2,004 people with Ph.D. degree,
481 with the degree of associate professor and 970 with the title of professor. In 2008, 178
Ph.D. degrees were awarded, mainly in technical sciences (among others, 17 in the field of
construction and use of machines, 14 in the field of computer science and 11 in the field of
chemical technology) and in medical sciences (38 in the field of medicine and 9 in biological
medicine). The degree of associate professor was obtained by 39 people, including as many as
17 people at Pomeranian Medical Academy, Agricultural Academy in Szczecin (7 people),
and by people at technical higher schools (6 people).
A large number of students does not correspond to the number of Ph.D. students in the
other voivodeships. The Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is in the group of the 7
voivodeships (Świętokrzyskie, Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Podkarpackie Opolskie
and Podlaskie) with the smallest number of Ph.D. students. In 2004, 1,027 people were
studying on post-graduate studies, and in 2008 their number amounted to 938. An
insignificant majority is constituted by the Ph.D. graduates of the University of Szczecin (333
people, in comparison to 302 at technical higher schools, 160 at Agricultural Academy in
Szczecin and 143 at Pomeranian Medical Academy).
From among 34 faculties of Zachodniopomorskie higher schools, which were
subjected to parametric assessment in 2006, 8 were included into the highest category:
Faculty of Medicine of Pomeranian Medical Academy, Faculties of Electronics and
Technology and Chemical Engineering of the then Szczecin Polytechnics, the Faculty of Food
Science and Fishing and Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry of the then Agricultural
Academy, Faculties of Management and Service Economy and the Faculty of Theology of the
University of Szczecin. A parametric assessment is conducted in three different ranges. In
terms of scientific activity, measured among others by participation in research projects,
possession of accredited laboratories and implementing quality systems, the greatest number
of points was awarded to the Faculty of Medicine of PMA, the Faculty of the Environment
Formation and Agriculture of then Agricultural Academy and the Faculty of Humanities of
the University of Szczecin. The results of scientific activity, i.e. among others the authorship
of publications, scientific monographies, academic course books was also assessed highest at
the faculty of Humanities of the University of Szczecin and the Faculty of Technology and
Chemical engineering of the Szczecin Polytechnics. The most active in the field of practical
applications of scientific achievements, new technologies, patented inventions and sale of
licenses were the faculties of the Szczecin University of Technology: Technology and
Chemical Engineering and Engineering, as well as the Faculty of Economic Sciences and
Management of the University of Szczecin.
Scientific-research branches received high support for infrastructure development.
Within the framework of 1.3. Regional Social Infrastructure of the IRODP 2004-2006
programme, 19 projects in the voivodeship received financial aid. From among all the
initiatives, as many as 14 were those of the higher schools in the region. For the obtained
funds, the Koszalin University of Technology set up the central laboratory of the Faculty of
Electronics and Computer Science. It was the initiative of Agricultural Academy in Szczecin
that the Training and Research Centre in the Field of Renewable Energy in Ostoja be built.
Szczecin university of Technology conducted the project: Multimedia Centre of Public Patent
and Normalization Information Management.
63
11. Science
———————————————————————————————————
In the period of 2003-2006, Zachodniopomorskie universities and research centers
participated in the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Communities in the field of
research, technological development and implementations, contributing to the creation of the
European Research Space. 30 research teams in the voivodeship received grants of the total
value of 3.88 million Euros, which constituted merely 1.79% of the sum of grants obtained by
all Polish voivodeships. In the Seventh Framework Programme, initiated in 2007, 7 projects
from the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship were accepted for implementation.
Zachodniopomorskie higher schools are also taking action in the framework of the European
Territorial Cooperation. In the period of 2007-2013, 15 projects altogether are being
implemented with the participation of foreign partners in the framework of programmes: the
South Baltic, the Region of the Baltic Sea, Trans-border Cooperation of the Countries:
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania/Brandenburg/Zachodniopomorskie Province, Central
Europe and Interreg IV C.
Challenges: for further development of the scientific potential of the region, it is necessary,
among others, to open new majors, more compatible with the needs of the economy and
society. Technical majors, in particular those related to production and processing, need
especially to be promoted. What should also be supported is setting up and development of
scientific-research units, related to broadly understood innovativeness. It is important that
actions aiming at the intensification of connections between economy and science be taken.
Another aim ought to be systematization and unification of the knowledge of resources, needs
and offer of science in the regions of the Oder Partnership and building a network of
cooperation of scientific centers in the region of the Polish-German borderland and the Baltic
Sea. A result of this kind of cooperation should be strengthening of innovativeness of the
regions leading to building knowledge-based economy. Such a vision is entirely compatible
both with the developmental strategies of all the regions of the Oder Partnership and the
Lisbon Strategy.
64
12. Information Society
2.12. Information society
Access to the Internet services is provided in the voivodeship by nationwide
telecommunication operators by means of cable technology and by mobile phone operators. A
major position is also that of local telecommunication operators. Access to the Internet in the
cities is provided among others by cable TV operators. The most important Internet provider
in the area of the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is still Telekomunikacja Polska S.A., the
market share of which is approximately 65% of households with Internet access.
Only 12% of phone lines (so-called main) are on the rural areas. The density of the
network on the rural areas is 104 lines on 1 000 people, whilst the level for cities is 344 and
in the entire voivodeship 268.
More than half of the people at the age of at least 16 years living within the area of the
Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship has access to Internet. The same number of people
declare using a computer. There are, however, substantial disproportions between the urban
and rural areas in terms of the availability of telecommunications services in the province.
The main obstacle for making the computer use and the Internet more common is lack
of motivation of the inhabitants of the region. Some of them do not use the Internet even
though they have access to it in the household. For 8% of the inhabitants of the province,
Lack of financial means is a problem, approximately 4% of the inhabitants do not have skills
relevant to use of information technologies.
In the first quarter of 2010, upon the commission of the Zachodniopomorskie
province, inventory of the current state of broadband infrastructure in the region for the needs
of the Project of construction of the Zachodniopomorskie Teleinformation Network (WPTN)
was completed. One of the results of the inventory was selecting the areas in danger of digital
exclusion by classifying separate towns and cities in the voivodeship into white, grey and
black areas (BSC)9. One third of all of the towns and villages in the voivodeship was
classified as located on the areas in danger of digital exclusion. In vast majority, these are
areas inhabited by less than 6% of the population of the province. The completed inventory
also made it possible to identify 2012 towns and villages (67% of the total number), which
have access to Internet with the data flow capacity of no more than 2Mbit/s and access
infrastructure belonging to one telecommunication operator only. The results of the research
also showed the distribution of so-called „white spots”, namely the areas on which there is no
access to the Internet. The largest number of such areas was observed in the communes
located in south-east part of the province.
.
9
„white” areas – the areas on which there is no existing cable infrastructure of the broadband
access and no telecommunications entrepreneur is planning investments into such an
infrastructure on such an area,
„grey” areas – the areas on which there is an existing cable infrastructure of the broadband
access of one telecommunication entrepreneur (on such an area the Internet access services
may be provided by several telecommunication entrepreneurs, however, there is not
infrastructure-based competition),
„black” areas – the areas on which there is a cable infrastructure of the broadband access of at
least two telecommunication entrepreneurs, and the broadband access services are provided in
the conditions of competition (infrastructure-based competition).
65
Map 3. Areas with the highest and lowest levels of activity of last mile operators (number of active
operators of access networks in the commune)
source: own work.
In the area of 33% of the voivodeship communes, access to Internet services are
provided by no more than two telecommunication enterprises. On the remaining area,
particularly in the vicinity of the largest cities, there is more competition.
The level of computerisation of the voivodeship schools is high in the comparison
with the entire country. On average, one educational institution has 19 computer work
stations, 16 of which are connected to the Internet.
66
Figure 37. Selected characteristics of the computerisation of schools* in the province, including the
comparison with other voivodeships in the year 2008
1
PC for the use by
students
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
18
PC with internet
connection
21
1,15
computer rooms
computers in
school
24
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
average per 1 school
* (primary schools for children and teenagers, gimnasium for children, teenagers and adults, excluding special
schools)
source: own work based on the RDB CSO data.
The computerisation level of the enterprises in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship
and application level of information technologies in business activity is relatively high. In
comparison with the entire country, the region is the leader, among others, in companies’
broadband Internet access, existence of the Intranet networks or a number of people using
computer at work. It is also a leader in the field of placing orders via the Internet by
companies.
Figure 38. Selected characteristics of the computerisation of voivodeship enterprises, including the
comparison with other voivodeships on the year 2008
source: own work on the basis of the GUS data in the publications: Information society in Poland;
Warsaw, 2008.
In the past, activities aiming at the computerisation of the region gained financial aid
from the IRODP fund within the framework of Action 1.5 Infrastructure of information
society of IRODP. In the entire province, 16 projects of the total value of 25.5 million PLN
were partly financed.
„Strategy of the Construction of Information Society in the Zachodniopomorskie
voivodeship for the years 2006-2015” was developed. Since the year 2007,
Zachodniopomorskie Information Society Council has been functioning. Its task is to, among
others, the popularization of the idea of information society by supporting the development of
67
knowledge-based economy and also issuing expert assessments of projects aiming at the
development of information society as well as recommending such projects.
Challenges: work on the construction of local government IT infrastructure of the broadband
Internet access based upon the concept of the Zachodniopomorskie IT Network should be
conducted. The construction of this network should take place with the participation of the
means from the Regional Operational Programme – Action 3.1. At the same time, the
construction of a partnership network of the stakeholders of information society, acting
together and in synergy for the innovative e-development of the Zachodniopomorskie
voivodeship ought to be commenced. Implementation of WPTN, mainly based upon optical
fiber technologies, is to encourage the prevention of digital exclusion, creating specificpurpose mission networks, be an impulse for innovativeness and development of knowledgebased economy and improve offers of broadband Internet access for the inhabitants of the
region.
68
13. Transport
2.13. Transport
Access to the Baltic Sea, the Oder route, international network of motorways and air
and railway connections determine the transport importance of the region. In the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, international and national transport routes of the NS and
EW orientation cross. The agglomeration of Szczecin is a hub at which road, railway, water
and air connections cross. Upon the basis of them, transit of goods between the south of
Europe and the countries of the basin of the Baltic Sea takes place.
2.13.1. Road infrastructure
The area of the Voivodeship is crossed by the trunk roads numbered: 3 (E65), A-6
and 6 (E28), 10, 11, 13, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31, 37, 93 and S3 now under construction.
A majority of Voivodeship , District and commune roads require modernization and
rebuilding both due to a bad condition of surfaces and technical parameters. The neglect that
they have suffered so far resulting from the lack of funds for major repair works, building ring
roads and collision-free crossroads on the routes with intensive traffic have led to forming a
so-called bottleneck in the road network. They have a substantial influence upon the access to
and attractiveness of economic, administrative and tourism centers, as well as sea havens in
the region. A substantial improvement will take place when the trunk road S3 in its new
location is made available, western bypass of Szczecin and tunnel between the islands Uznam
and Wolin in Świnoujście.
The highest density of trunk roads is observed in the area adjacent to the border, but
they do not provide a fully convenient connection of the region with the rest of the country.
Map 1. Time-related access to the Voivodeship capitals by roads in 2008
source: authors; T. Komornicki and P. Śleszyński (Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the
Polish Academy of Science).
69
13. Transport
The main city centers of the region (Szczecin, Koszalin, Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg,
Stargard Szczeciński, Wałcz and Szczecinek) are situated near the Voivodeship border, which
results in the limited access to them from the central area of the region. Central and southwest part of the region is located outside the area within an hour distance by motorways to the
7 main urban centers. The area of limited access covers as much as 30% area of the
Voivodeship and is inhabited by approximately 12% of the population of the Voivodeship.
Moreover, the areas adjacent to the border are under influence of the cities located in the
neighbouring Voivodeship s (Gorzów Wielkopolski, Słupsk and Piła).
Traffic on the roads of Voivodeship is slightly lower than the mean for the country,
whilst it stands out due to its high dynamics and irregularity throughout the year. More and
more Voivodeship, but also District and commune, particularly in the areas adjacent to the
sea, are burdened with intensive transit and tourist movement, especially in the summer
seasons and during the weekends. On many parts of the roads, there is a higher intensity of
traffic than on the trunk roads in the Voivodeship, in spite of their insufficient technical
parameters, including the load capacity not exceeding 80 kN/axis.
In comparison with the rest of the country, the density ratio of public roads is
significantly lower. In 2008, it amounted to 57.5 km/100 km2 in comparison with
83.5 km/100 km2 for Poland. The length of the hard-surface roads altogether in the
Voivodeship s amounted to 13,175.3 km.
A very important agent is the development of the axis of CETC. This initiative is to
facilitate the effective formation of Multi-mode chains of logistics and transport in the
European arrangement, from the Baltic to Adriatic, and further in the future to the Black and
Aegean Sea. CETC helps promote environmentally-friendly transport and the development of
combined, multimode and inter-mode transport.
2.13.2. Railway infrastructure
Railway lines with the over-regional and regional cross the area of the region; the most
important of them are:
− E-59 (AGC) Świnoujście - Poznań - Wrocław with a branch to Szczecin Główny
− C-E59 (AGTC) Świnoujście - Kostrzyń - Wrocław with a branch in the Direction of
Szczecin Main Railway Station and Central Port
− 202 Gdańsk Główny - Gdynia - Koszalin - Stargard Szczeciński
− 210 Chojnice - Szczecinek - Runowo Pomorskie
− 402 Koszalin - Goleniów
− 403 Piła - Wałcz, Kalisz Pomorski - Ulikowo
− 404 Poznań - Piła - Szczecinek - Białogard - Kołobrzeg
The density ratio of the railway network for 100 km², amounting to 5.3 km/100 km², is
only slightly lower than the value for the country, which in 2008 was 6.5 km/100 km². The
condition of the railway lines is generally bad and they require modernization. In many
places, speed limit to 40 km/h due to safety considerations is applied. Technical condition and
use of narrow-gauge railway lines are bad.
In the years 2005-2008, an increase in passenger transport in the regional railway
transport was observed. Number of travelers in that period increased by 1.5 million of people
and currently amounts to approximately 8.5 million of per year. By the end of 2008, railway
companies had gone reorganization. Part of the PKP company responsible for regional
transport (PKP Przewozy Regionalne) was placed under the management by the provincial
local governments.
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13. Transport
In January 2010, thanks to the means from Regional Operational Programme of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, ten modern rail buses with internal combustion engines
were purchased. The total value of the project was 150,153,940 PLN. The purchased rolling
stock will be mainly used on the route: Szczecin-Goleniów-Kołobrzeg-Koszalin; SzczecinSzczecinek- Chojnice; Szczecin-Wałcz-Piła.
Between Szczecin and Berlin, there are nine trains running in each direction, including
two pairs of trains which are direct; in case of the other ones, it is necessary to change at
Angermünde or Pasewalk, and the connections of the either side of the border are correlated.
A challenge for the activation of train connections with Germany is, above all,
constituted by the improvement of the condition of tracks on Polish leg of the route,
particularly the leg between Szczecin-Gumieńce station to the state border. The cost of the
investment is estimated to amount to approximately 20 million Euro. Shortening the time of
journey to 1 h requires introducing a direct connection with stops at small stations. It is also
necessary to solve the problem of electrification of the line on the both sides of the border and
introducing on it trains with two-system engines, functioning in varied power supply system
in both of the countries. Modernization of the railway line Szczecin – Berlin is very important
in the perspective of the opening an international airport Berlin-Brandenburg-International
(BBI) scheduled for the year 2011. Activation of the railway connection between Świnoujście
and Berlin, functioning before the Second World War, is also being prepared. To implement
this project, rebuilding the bridge in Karnin connecting the mainland and the island of Uznam
is of crucial importance.
2.13.3. Air transport
The airport Szczecin-Goleniów is the only one in the region belonging to the essential
airport network in the country. It is fully adjusted for operating civil passenger and cargo
transport and according to the requirements of ICAO. From the airport Szczecin-Goleniów,
planes depart for: Dublin, London, Oslo, Warsaw and Cracow (regular lines) and Bulgaria,
Tunisia, Egypt, Greece and Turkey (chartered flights).
In connection with the forecast growth in demand for air services in Poland, it will
become necessary to extend the airport network, particularly upon the basis of the existing
airport infrastructure, including ex-military and sport-service airports. In the year 2006,
passenger traffic ratio in the airport Szczecin-Goleniów constituted 1.18% of the passenger
traffic in Poland, and in 2008 this ratio was 1.46%. A number of passengers increased from
182,524 in 2006 to 302,452 passengers in 2008, and utilization rate of the airport amounts to
35%10.
As part of the development of airport infrastructure in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship, re-activating of the airport in Zgierz Pomorski near Koszalin is planned.
Completing this investment is dependent upon earlier preparation of the necessary analysis,
which will confirm the economic justifiability of this project.
In Szczecin, there is a civil airport Dąbie with grass surface, which is an air rescue and
the Szczecin Aeroclub base. In the Voivodeship , there are also ex-military airports (including
ex-Soviet ones), among others: Płoty, Dziwnów, Zegrze Pomorskie, Borne Sulinowo,
Kluczewo, Chojna, Bagicz and Wilcze Laski. These facilities are generally significantly
derelict. Military airports which are still in use are those in Świdwin, Mirosławiec, Darłowo
and Oleszno.
10
Data of the Civil Aviation Office
71
13. Transport
2.13.4. Water transport
In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, there are four sea commercial ports (in
Szczecin, Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg and Police) and 10 small fishing ports and 13 fishing
harbours. In 2008, sea ports in the Voivodeship served international passenger traffic at the
level of 486,599 arrivals and 483,913 departures, whilst domestic traffic amounted to 43,744
arrivals and 43,689 departures. The participation of the region in the passenger ferry traffic
amounts to approximately 63%, whilst in cargo traffic – 38%. The region has a convenient
system of inland water road, connecting the ports of the mouth of the Oder River and the
countries of the European Union, particularly with Germany. The current state of the hydro
technical development of the water road between Szczecin and Kostrzyń does not, however,
make it possible to utilize its transport capacity in full.
Challenges: support for extension and modernization of the regional transport infrastructure
is of decisive importance for the inclusion of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the
development processes of the country. Its current state is insufficient and shows substantial
disproportions in spatial location. Existing deficits substantially limit the role of the
Voivodeship as a partner in the development of borderlands and providing services for the
agglomeration of Berlin and „bridge” to the countries of the basin of the Baltic Sea, south
Europe and Russia. Improving access to local sea and river ports will make it possible to
increase their economic importance and will contribute to the diversification of their function
(e.g. for tourism).
Transport connection of Szczecin and Koszalin as two centers of the importance extending
regional scale, their connection compatibility with the region, as well as creating a convenient
road system along the coast of the Baltic Sea and the western border of Poland also matter. In
order to improve the transport access to the tourist and health resort areas, it is important to
support local road investments (District and commune roads) and modernize the existing road
infrastructure and develop railway connections, including narrow-gauge railway.
A group of priority road connections should also include roads improving transport access to
the touristic areas and health resorts, particularly to the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea (trunk
roads no. 3, 6, 10 and 11, Voivodeship roads: no. 109, leg: Płoty – Trzebiatów, no. 102, leg:
Międzyzdroje – Kołobrzeg, no. 107, leg: Dziwnówek – Parłówko, no. 203, leg: Koszalin –
Postomino). Voivodeship roads no. 163 (Kołobrzeg – Wałcz) and no. 178, crossing the
Voivodeship north-south, are important for the development of road network. It also applies
to Voivodeship roads no. 162 (Rościęcino – Świdwin), no. 151 (Świdwin – Barlinek) and no.
156 (Lipiany – Barlinek).
A crucial role in the transport system of the Voivodeship will be that of the western ring road
of Szczecin, connecting the A6 (area of Kołbaskowo) with the west and north districts of
Szczecin and Police, including the bridge on the River Oder (Police – Święta). This
investment will improve transport access to the Airport Szczecin-Goleniów.
A decision to entirely modernize by the year 2020 railway line, connecting Szczecin and
Wrocław, through Kostrzyń and Zibeline Góra, has been taken. After the completion of the
works, train speed will be significantly increased – passenger trains to 160 km/h, and goods
trains to 120 km/h). Simultaneously, it will shorten the journey time to on the entire line and
will make it possible to use trains of the length of even as much as 750 m.
In the next 5 years, a comprehensive modernization of railway line no. 351 Poznań –
Szczecin, constituting a leg of cross-border connection E59 from Scandinavia to the south of
Europe, which will make it possible to increase maximum speed of passenger trains to 200
72
13. Transport
km/h on this leg. Within the framework of the activities related to ROP-EW 2007-2013, it is
forecast that railway lines no. 402 and 403 will be modernized, and that modern rolling stock
for regional connections will be purchased. One-direction railway lines no. 202 and 404, the
capacity of which is slowly reaching its limits, require modernization. Their parameters limit
the possibility of drawing up an effective train timetable, ensuring efficient and quick meeting
of transport needs of the inhabitants of the Voivodeship. A major challenge is restoring
railway connections to towns and villages in south-east part of the Voivodeship.
73
14. Energy
2.1.4 Energy
2.14.1 Generation of electricity and heat.
The production of energy in 2008 was at a level of 8 214.7 GWh and increasing in
comparison to the year 2000 by 11.7%. The energy consumption decreased in the voivodeship
from 5 025 GWh in 2001 to 4 780 GWh in 2003 and subsequently increased to 5 510 GWh in
2008. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the generation of energy exceeds its
consumption. In 2008 this surplus was 2 704.7 GWh.
Map 5. Heat and electricity generation and the largest power stations in Poland in 2004
source: http://www.wiking.edu.pl/article
The largest electricity and heat producers in the voivodeship are PGE Zespół
Elektrowni Dolna Odra S.A. in Nowy Czarnów (and its subsidiaries: Elektrownia Dolna Odra
in Nowy Czarnów and two power plants in Szczecin – Pomorzany and Szczecin), as well as
Miejska Energetyka Cieplna Sp. z o.o. in Koszalin.
In the voivodeship electricity transport is undertaken by PSE-Operator S.A., whereas it
is distributed by ENERGA S.A. and ENEA S.A. The largest industrial consumers of
electricity in the voivodeship are Zakłady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. and Kronospan
Szczecinek Sp. z o.o.
The energy grid in rural areas in often out of date which does not guarantee a constant
supply to rural consumers. The majority of the grit network was created at the beginning of
the 50’s which means that the quality (also the distribution devices) is unsatisfactory.
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14. Energy
Furthermore this is a barrier for the development of micro power plants, green fuel including
power plants. Szczecin only has one HVL of 400kV and a shortage of 220kV power lines.
Heat activities in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship are carried out by 49
companies, including 26 which generate heat and 2311 which transport and distribute it. The
largest consumers of heat are communal companies, housing associations and communes. In
2008, 82.2% of all dwellings were equipped with central heating facilities (national figure
78%).
2.14.2. Gas network
Transmission of gas in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is done by Operator
Gazociągów Przesyłowych GAZ SYSTEM S.A. whereas its distribution by Wielkopolski
Operator Systemu Dystrybucyjnego Sp. z o.o.. Gas is also supplied by these companies:
G.EN.-GAZ Energia S.A. as well as KRI S.A. The main industrial consumer of natural gas
from the industrial network is the Zakłady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. The consumers receive
highmethane gas which is imported and locally nitrogenised from regional beds.
Gas consumption in domestic households in the voivodeship in 2004 was 217.3 hm3
and in 2008 increased to 234.4 hm3. In 1999-2008 the length of the gas network in the
voivodeship increased by 2 952.2 km (i.e.: by 90.7%) from 3 253.2 km to 6 205.4 km. At the
same time the number of gas consumers increased from 329.1 thousand to 363. 5 thousand
(by about 10%) This means that the connection of one additional gas consumer entailed the
necessity to build an average of 86 meters of gas network. On average for Poland this
indicator is 92 meters. This shows particularly for rural areas the high cost of the marginal
user. The accessibility to the gas transport infrastructure (mainly in small cities and rural
areas) is still insufficient and requires investments in order to balance the levels across the
voivodeship.
In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship a large investment is implemented with a key
significance for Polish energy – LNG gas terminal in Świnoujście. Projects are continuing
regarding the Baltic Pipe, which will deliver gas to Poland from Norway. These enterprises
increase the certainty of supply for the whole country as well as the region. Furthermore on
the voivodeship scale investments are necessary to improve the state of the infrastructure
(pumping stations and transport pipelines) and those diversifying the sources of fuel. Due to
the low cost of transport from newly build supply depots (Gasport, Baltic Pipe, BernauSzczecin) to the end users, in the whole of Poland and in particular Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship an intensive development of the gas network will ensue.
2.14.3 Renewable energy sources
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is the national leader in wind energy production. In
the coastal belt and in the vicinity the best wing conditions in Poland are present. 6 out of 10
Polish largest wind farms are located in the region: Karścino-Mołotowo ( 90 MW), Tymień
(50 MW), Jagniątkowo (30,6 MW), Zagórze (30 MW) and Cisowo (18 MW). A constant and
high interest from investors in the building of wing farms is present. Up to date over 30
agreements have been signed to connect wind farms with a total capacity of 700 MW. The
largest wind farm in Poland is in the pipeline (with a target capacity of 260 MW) in BaniceKozielice and the location in Darłowo of seven farms with a total capacity of 180 MW.
11
Source: URE Bulletin 03/2009
75
14. Energy
Map 6. Wind map of Poland
source: www.delgreen.pl
There are about 320 furnaces incinerating biomass in Poland. The largest producer of
energy from biomass is PGE Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra S.A. which made use of 24.5
thousand tons of biomass in 2008 (in the Elektrownia Dolna Odra – 218.9 thousand tons,
Elektrownia Szczecin 26.5 thousand tons). The combined energy generated from biomass in
PGE Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra S.A. in 2008 was 248.7 GWh (about 3.8% of its total
generation).
Geothermal energy is used for heating by two companies. The capacity of heat
generating plant “Geotermia Pyrzyce” Sp. z o.o is 54.8 MW whereas Przedsiębiorstwo Usług
Ciepłowniczych „Geotermia Stargard” Sp. z o.o. has 14MW at its disposal. About 70 hydro
power stations are in use with a total capacity of 12.7 MW. The most active facilities re in the
following districts: Łobeski (13), Koszaliński (9), Gryficki (9), Stargardzki (7) and
Myśliborski (6).
Production of energy from renewable sources in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship in 2008 was 493 GWh which is 6% of the total energy production from all
sources, out of which 21% is from water sources. In this respect the voivodeship is in 3rd place
in the country.
According to 2008 data the total production capacity is at 7.1% of the total power
generation capacity of Poland. In this respect the voivodeship is in 6th place in the country.
The Ministry of Economy document entitled "Polish energy policy up to 2030” forecasts the
increase in the gross demand for electricity in the country from about 151 TWh in 2006 to
152.8 TWh in 2010 and 217.4 TWh in 2030. Therefore new generation plants are in the
pipeline in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, which are modern and high capacity and
efficiency (cogeneration, renewable energy sources) with a minimal impact on the
environment.
76
14. Energy
New investments will significantly influence the energy generation from renewable
sources. New wind farms are in the pipeline. In Elektrownia Szczecin a modern fluid bed
furnace will be constructed for the incineration of biomass with a power capacity of 68 MW,
which will use abbot 700 thousand tons of fuel per year and replace the worn out facilities
which use coal. The large demand for biomass in the voivodeship will be contribute to the
development of wastelands and consequently a reactivation of rural areas.
A programme has been developed in the voivodeship „ZałoŜenia do programu
energetyki odnawialnej w oparciu o surowce odnawialne energii, wody i wiatru”. As part of
the Regional Operational Programme for 2007 – 2013 enterprises will be co-financed which
will improve the accessibility to electricity and gas infrastructure in areas which experience
shortages? Support will also be available for investments developing and modernising local
distribution networks, energy and gas, improving accessibility to energy for inhabitants of
areas with a low gas and electricity availability indicator. For these activities ROP has
earmarked 14.9 million Euro. The development and modernisation of electro power networks
facilitating the connection of units generating electricity from renewable sources. To support
investments associated with generating power from renewable sources and the improvement
of energy efficiency an amount of 21 million euro has been earmarked.
Challenges: The accessibility to the gas and electricity transport infrastructure (mainly in
small cities and rural areas) is still insufficient and requires investments in order to balance
the levels across the voivodeship. The support for modernisation and development of
generation and distribution systems is essential. Solutions in cogeneration should be preferred
as well as a greater use of renewable energy sources.
The existing HVL in the municipality of Szczecin, in the coastal belt and the south-east part
of the voivodeship require significant development and modernisation of 110 kV power lines.
An improvement in the reliability of energy supply is also essential as well as planned
development of high capacity wind farms (near Choszczno, Recz, Myślibórz, Dębno,
Barlinek, Krzęcin, Świnoujście, Niechorze, Stepnica, Resko)
The improvement of energy infrastructure aims to ensure a higher level of services for the
local population, lure investors and improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the
region. The active participation of the local government in the implementation of “Polish
energy policy to 2030” is necessary. It is important to define the priorities in the investment
processes but the local governments and to try and correlate the investment plans of
communes and energy companies. The need for energy planning is particularly important, as
in the coming years Polish communes will face difficult development and investment
challenges in the face of the forecast large increase in the demand for electricity in Poland.
77
15. Environmental condition and protection
2.15. Environmental condition and protection
The condition of the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship's environment is slowly, but
steadily improving. It is the result of a more rational use of resources, corrective actions
implemented by the environment users and local governments, increased ecological
awareness and the availability of financial resources, on national and EU level, for the
implementation of environmental investments.
Protected areas cover 10 573.9 km ², which represents 46% of the voivodeship.12 The
national system of protected areas, together with lagging covers 5 866 km² (25,6 % of the
area). The voivodeship set a number of areas forming a part of the Natura 2000 European
Ecological Network (19 special bird protection areas and 41 areas of special protection of
nesting sites). Their total area - with the exception of marine areas - is 8 512.84 km ², which
represents approximately 37.2% of the voivodeship. Protection of those areas is to limit the
activities likely to significantly degrade natural habitats and adversely affect plant and animal
species for which Natura 2000 was created. Investment planning should take into account its
impact on the environment. The established Natura 2000 sites however should not restrict the
activities of local communities or block construction and infrastructure projects, although in
the current cultural and legal order is difficult to implement an effective model of sustainable
development that would reconcile the seemingly contradictory interests.
95 plants operate in the voivodeship, which are especially noxious for air pollution.
This represents 5% of the total number of such establishments in Poland, which places the
region at the 8th position in the country. In 2008, the investment in long-term environmental
protection means based on 1 inhabitant in the province amounted to PLN 265, including the
sub-regions of Koszalin - PLN 134, Stargard - PLN 120, Szczecin - PLN 318, and PLN 546 in
the Szczecin city sub-region.
2.15.1. Water pollution
Threats to water quality in the voivodeship are mainly related to excessive
consumption for domestic and economic purposes and the discharge of the resulting
pollutants. The surface water quality is improving, but there still remains a problem of the
bacteriological contamination and large amounts of biogenic substances going into rivers and
lakes, and causing eutrophication.
According to the Water Framework Directive by 2015, all surface water should reach
at least good condition. Still the share of water of unsatisfactory and poor quality in the
overall water balance is significant. As a result of research conducted in 2008 by the Regional
Inspectorate for Environment Protection in Szczecin, 54 uniform parts of surface waters
(UPSW), representing 11 types of the river waters were classified. Final evaluation of their
condition (good or bad) was based on the diagnosis of the ecological and chemical status.
Finally, good scores were assigned to 14 UPSW, and bad to 37. The low final score of the
water was affected predominantly by a negative assessment of physio-chemical elements in
45 points (out of 72 that collected data during this period), in 3 points it was a bad mark for
substances that are particularly harmful to the aquatic environment and in 12 points it was a
bad mark for biological elements.
As a result of monitoring by VIEP in Szczecin, a reduction of pollutant loads
contributed by Odra to the waters of the Szczecin Reservoir was noticed. In 2008, 11 lakes in
12
They include two national parks, 102 wildlife sanctuaries, 7 landscape parks, 26
protected landscape areas, Natura 2000 areas, 2512 natural monuments, six documentary
positions, 1361 ecological grounds and 38 natural and landscape units.
the province were under research, of which 9 were evaluated. Seven of them had poor water
quality in terms of physicochemical and biological (Morzycko, Wierzchowo, Lubie,
Kamienica, Trzesiecko, Wielkie Dąbie and śelewo). Two lakes were in good condition
(Kiełbicze and Płonno). Miedwie i Głębokie lakes have been researched, but not subject to
classification.
Running water treatment plant in Szczecin definitely improved the quality of Odra
estuary waters, Szczeciński Reservoir and Pomeranian Bay waters. Miedwie Lake, which is
the primary source of drinking water supply for Szczecin citizens and needs special
protection. It is not only vulnerable to social pollution but also from agriculture pollution and
the pollution related to the development of tourism and recreation. A sanitary sewage system
is implemented within the basin catchment. The salinity in the coastal zone waters due to their
infiltration through the waters of the Baltic Sea poses a problem.
Threats to water quality related to human activities in rural areas arise not only from
unregulated wastewater management, but also from improper use of fertilizers and intensive
livestock production. In recent years, the consumption of calcic fertilizers and manure
decreased, and use of nitrogen fertilizers increased.
Map 7. Evaluation of Zachodniopomorskie rivers in 2008
source: Assessment of surface water quality in Zachodniopomorskie in 2008.
Studies of transitional and coastal waters in 2008 were conducted under the
surveillance monitoring, there were 18 stations located in 7 uniform parts of surface waters; 6
places in coastal waters (3 UPSW) and 12 positions in the transitional waters (4 UPSW).
Finally, for the water in all tested points and UPSW's, the state of transitional and coastal
waters was classified as poor, due to the assessment of biological elements (in 17 points),
physico-chemical elements (in all points) and assessment for substances that are particularly
harmful to the aquatic environment (in 3 points). Contamination of groundwater in the region
is moderate.
2.15.2. Air pollution
The region is characterized by a medium level of air pollution. Its quality is affected
by the surface emissions from the sector of communal and household usage and line
emissions from road transport. The emission from industrial points is decreasing.
Effects of environmental measures to reduce emissions from point sources of
energetic sector are translated into the level of air pollution concentrations. In 2006, the
average concentration of SO2 in the air decreased by approximately 50% compared to 1996
and 75% compared to 1993. This is the result of usage of emission control devices for
sulphur dioxide, and the restructuring of the economy.
The main source of dust pollution in Poland and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is
the processing of fuels. The plants particularly onerous for air pollution located in the
voivodeship emitted into the atmosphere in 2008 jointly 5,1 thousands of tons of dust
pollutants. Sulphur dioxide emissions amounted to 22000 tonnes, carbon dioxide - 9 392 200
tons, and nitrogen oxides - 15600 tons (in the case of each of these compounds gives the
voivodeship the 9th place in the country). The relatively higher concentrations of pollutants
are recorded in the western part of the voivodeship, which is connected to their issue from
Germany.
In built-up urban areas, especially in the agglomeration of Szczecin, air quality risks
arise associated with the fine dust (PM10), whose source is primarily the home heating
equipment. Because of its concentration exceeded the annual air quality assessments for 2005
and 2006, Szczecin received C W class. In connection in February 2009, the Parliament of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship prepared the "Programme for Air Protection of Szczecin
Agglomeration Zone”. The programme points the appropriate corrective actions, necessary to
restore acceptable level of PM10 suspended dust, together with the timing of implementation,
costs and funding sources.
The level of electromagnetic radiation in the province is low, with no significant
differences in intensity in recent years; however its sources are increasing in number. The
mobile phone base stations and, consequently, their area of influence increased. This causes
more and more opposition of local communities
2.15.3. Waste
About 85% of waste is produced in industrialized, western part of the voivodeship,
namely in the districts: Gryfiński, Stargardzki, and the city of Szczecin. Their largest sources
are the Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" S.A. and PGE “Dolna Odra” Power Plant S.A.. In 2007,
the province of Zachodniopomorskie produced a total of 7.2 million tonnes of waste, of
which 6.7 million tonnes from the industrial sector. Nearly 2% of total are the hazardous
waste, which were produced in 2007 in an amount of 113 thousands of tonnes.
A specific problem in the region is the pesticide burial sites, or tanks, which store
obsolete plant protection products (remnant of the state farms). During the inventory in 2001
there were 39 pesticide burial sites discovered. In 2001-2002 and in 2009 13 objects posing
the greatest threat to the environment were eliminated, but there still remain 26 more to
eliminate.
Challenges: A significant improvement in water quality is expected in the estuary section of
the Odra and Szczecin Reservoir and Pomeranian Bay, following the run of sewage treatment
plant in Szczecin. The reduction of pollution load discharged into the waters will also slow
down the process of eutrophication of those reservoirs. Visible effects of water quality
improvement will also follow the implementation of two large water and wastewater
management programmes, implemented in the basin of Parsęta and the basin of Miedwie
Lake. Significant improvement of environmental quality in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship
and the whole Poland does not mean, however, an offset of the neglect of earlier periods. In
addition, the EU consistently tightens the requirements for environmental standards, which
will lead to substantially improved quality of life for its residents. The consistent
implementation of the tasks specified in the "Program of Environmental Protection of
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for 2008-2011, taking into account the perspective of
2012-2015" will certainly help to meet those requirements.
In the coming years should focus on minimizing the environmental impact of large investment
and linear infrastructure projects (roads, wind farms, etc.). Decisions regarding the location
and manner of their implementation have to be based on honest assessment of their
environmental impact.
Natura 2000 areas are mostly attractive tourism and recreation areas. Their development
should be done in a sustainable way, based on such activities that do not affect the equilibrium
of protected areas. Local governments should see an opportunity here for economic growth in
these areas. It is permissible to perform an investment that would significantly adversely
affect the Natura 2000 area, but only under specific conditions: if the investment is of
paramount importance for the public interest and has no alternatives. In such cases, it is
necessary to apply loss balancing measures, due to the investment's impact on the natural
habitats of plants and animals.
16. Municipal economy
2.16. Municipal economy
2.16.1. Water supply
The basis of the water supply for municipal purposes in the province are the
groundwater intakes. The exception is the city of Szczecin, which is supplied with water
mostly from Miedwie Lake. In 2008, water withdrawal for water supply networks in the
voivodeship amounted to 103.0 hm3 (9th place in Poland), of which 23.8 hm3 of water came
from surface water intakes, and 79.2 hm3 of the underground water intakes. Demand for water
for industrial purposes is mostly met from own intakes, mainly surface ones.
The voivodeship has one of the shortest water supply networks in Poland (14th place),
its total length is 8 707 km (in 2008). Compared with 1999 there has been growth in the
length of the network by 25.5%, while the national average for the corresponding period is
29.1%. Waterworks saturation index, measured by the length of it on the 100 km2 of region
surface, according to data for 2008 is the lowest in Poland and is 38 km per 100 km2, with the
national average 84 km per 100 km2. But this is due to the low population density and does
not adversely affect the proportion of the population using the water supply, which is in the
region higher than the national average.
Ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water is the biggest problem in the field of
public utilities of the region. Supply difficulties occur in the western part of the coastal area.
Most of the rural population is supplied with water by means of small local water supply
systems, using the fragmented underground intakes. Their technical condition and the
condition of water treatment are unsatisfactory.
Tightening requirements for drinking water quality and rising exploration costs force
the resignation of several intakes and creation of large group water systems. Expansion of
water supply must be accompanied by the development of sewerage systems for the
discharge of the supplied water to households.
A project of "Integrated waste management in the basin Parsęta" is implemented. Its
purpose is to provide municipalities in the investment area, one of the most attractive natural
and tourist regions in Poland, with bulk sewage systems meeting the EU requirements and to
ensure proper management of sediment and to provide water of appropriate quality for the
residents. In the entire project area live 250 294 of people. After the project's implementation,
the part of people using the water supply network will grow to 98.3%, the collecting system
and sewage treatment plants users will grow to 88.40% of the population in the project area a 100% of urban population located in the project area, so about 221 thousands of people.
2.16.2. Sewage
Since 1999, the length of the sewerage network in the region increased from 2,753.5
km to 4,992.3 km (about 81.3%), which gives the region the ninth place in Poland. Network
saturation index is 21.8 km/100 km2 and with the national average of 30.3 km/100 km2 is one
of the lowest in Poland (12th place). In spite of systematic investment, the ratio of the length
of the sewage and the water supply networks is still negative and amounts to 57.3%. This
value, however, gives the voivodeship second position in the country, for which the average is
only 36.1%.
There are 384 sewage treatment works in the region, of which 284 are community
establishments. 60.1% of the population benefited from the sewage treatment plants in 2008,
including the various sub-regions: Stargard - 72,2%, Koszalin - 77,1%, Szczecin - 71,8% and
82
in the Szczecin city sub-region - 14,9% of residents. The amount of treatment requiring
discharged wastewater in 2008 amounted to 238 hm3, and the majority (93.6%) was purified
in varying degree. The treatment plants are used by 60% of the total population in the region,
which places the region at the 11th place in Poland. The percentage of rural population using
treatment plants amounts 40.7% ranks the region at 2nd place, at the national average of
25.7%.
Since 2000, the amount of treatment requiring wastewater is gradually decreasing,
while the number of wastewater treated with purification processes increases. The largest
amounts of wastewater come from large urban and industrial centers - Szczecin, Police,
Gryfino, Stargard and Koszalin. In some districts a large part of the wastewater is still
discharged without treatment. Sewage treatment plant construction in Szczecin caused a
significant improvement.
2.16.3. Waste management
Despite the systematic improvement, the status of municipal solid waste management
as well as those from the economic sector in the Zachodniopomorskie province is still
unsatisfactory. Among the methods of municipal waste management the collection in landfills
still dominates. Most of the waste goes there without segregation, only a few objects perform
the recovery of recyclable materials. Separate collection of waste at source is covered by most
municipalities, but it is limited primarily to the packaging waste. Proportion of waste
collected separately in the total weight of municipal waste is negligible, but in recent years
has increased from the 1.5% in 2002 to 4.8% in 2007. The system of separate collection of
biodegradable, bulky, and hazardous waste generated in households and electronic and
electrical equipment functions poorly. There are gaps in the number of installations for the
collection, recovery and disposal of municipal waste that meet the requirements of best
available technology.
In the years 2001-2007, 35 landfills were excluded from the operation, and there was 8
new facilities created. The Accession Treaty required the voivodeship to close a dozen
subsequent landfills by 2009. At the end of 2007 there were 114 landfills in the region, of
which 47 were exploited. Two objects have separate accommodation for the storage of
asbestos waste (Dalsze-Myślibórz and Sianów). In five landfills degassing installations
operate, using biogas to produce electricity (Sianów, Sierakowo, Szczecin-Klucz,
Świnoujście-Przytór-Ognica and Smolęcin near Kołbaskowo).
Amount of municipal waste land filled was reduced by half. This may mean the one
hand, a de facto restriction of their production, on the other, an illegal disposal of them by
incineration or the so-called illegal dumping. This problem may deepen in the next few years,
when the cost of waste disposal will rise significantly. There is a need to educate the public
on waste management and cooperation with local environmental control services. The
situation will change significantly in connection with the construction of waste incineration
plants in Szczecin and Koszalin.
The pre-accession funds - ISPA, PHARE, SAPARD - played an important role in the
development of municipal infrastructure. Investments mainly focused on improving water
supply and sewage collection and treatment. During this period, however, there was a little
investment taken in waste management. Under the Regional Operational Programme for the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for the period 2007-2013 activities in the field of water
and sewage infrastructure are financially supported, consisting of the construction or
reconstruction of sewer collecting, pumping stations, reservoirs and water treatment plants,
which result from the National Program for Municipal Wastewater Treatment. With the help
of ROP also complex projects involving waste management are financed, among others the
83
selective waste collection, sorting, recycling facilities and recycling, bio-mechanical waste
disposal and land reclamation projects for existing inactive landfills. To co-finance the
improvement of environmental infrastructure in the period 2007-2013, the ROP assigned €
61.3 million, representing 7.3% of the total allocation of EU funds in the ROP.
In 2008, the investment in long-term environmental protection means based on 1
inhabitant in the province amounted to PLN 87, including PLN 62 in Szczecin sub-region,
PLN 45 in Koszalin, PLN 37 in Stargard, and PLN 212 in the Szczecin city sub-region.
Figure 39. The inhabitants access to the municipal infrastructure, including a comparison with other
regions in 2008
0%
20%
40%
access to water
mains in cities
using treatment
plants in total
using gas mains in
cities
80%
100%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
3
96,9%
access to water
main in villages
using treatment
plants in villages
60%
85,2%
3
40,7%
3
60,1%
3
79,8%
3
using gas mains in
11,5%
villages
3
source: own work based on BDR CSO data.
Challenges: In order to reduce adverse impact of the municipal management on the quality of
the environment, especially on water quality, it is necessary to implement best practices in the
development of urban infrastructure. Construction of a modern treatment plants will provide
assistance in water quality standards meeting, while the construction of modern sewage
treatment plant will improve the quality of the discharged wastewater. The aim should be to
organize the municipal economy in urban areas through: upgrading water and sewage
networks, improving drinking water quality, reducing the pollutants discharged into the
environment and limiting the amount of waste going to landfill.
The way to achieve this objective may be shaping the spatial order to increase the economic
rationality of water and sanitation investments and to increase the functional efficiency of
water supply, sewerage and waste systems. Further benefits can also be achieved by
stimulating the cooperation of municipalities and local governments in environmental area
and municipal infrastructure, which would increase the profitability of investment undertaken
and limit their social costs.
84
17. Spatial planning and urban development
2.17. Spatial planning and urban development
The current spatial planning plan was passed by the Parliament of the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship on 26 June 2002. Its primary function is the spatial
implementation of the objectives of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy.
Spatial planning is a continuous process, and therefore the plan will be periodically updated.
In 2006 the provincial government began to change the zoning plan for the voivodeship. It
takes into account such issues as the Metropolitan Area of Szczecin.
Areas of municipalities are almost completely covered with studies of conditions and
directions of spatial planning. The area of the voivodeship coverage with local land use plans
amounts to few percent. The lack of such plans significantly hinders local governments to
control the shaping of spatial order, and also limits the interest in a given area on the part of
investors. This constitutes a barrier for development in urban areas. Local authorities carry
out their part of the tasks by decisions of localization for a public purpose and the decisions to
establish development conditions.
The region is diverse in terms of natural predispositions, and historical economic
structure. Good illustration of this differentiation is made in the existing Spatial Development
Plan, the division into 6 large-spatial and 28 functional areas:
Map 8. Large-spatial and functional areas of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
source: Local Spatial Plan of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.
85
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
the coastal zone - the intensive selective development,
the zone of farming and multi-functional business activation,
the agro-forestry economic zone of selective activation of business, including
tourism development,
intensive agriculture zone,
the zone of urbanization concentration - the Metropolitan Area of Szczecin of
multifunctional development,
the zone of intensive multi-development and urbanization - the nodal area of
Koszalin.
Community of the region inhabits 63 cities and 3 062 rural localities grouped in 1 635
sołectwa. The urban population consists of 1 164 058 people, representing 68% of the
population of the region. The urbanization rate is higher than the national average of 61.2%
and places the region on the 3rd position in Poland. In comparison with the year 2000 the
urban population has declined by 18 921 people, despite the fact that the province gain two
new cities - Dziwnów since 2004 and Tychowo from 2010. In the years 2000 - 2009 the
population of rural and semi-urban areas increased by 13 090 people. This is due to settling of
town residents in suburbs. Rural areas in the area around Szczecin in 2000-2009 recorded a
positive net migration of 11 000 people, half of which falls on the Dobra municipality.
The spatial distribution of cities is quite uniform, however, large and medium-sized
cities are located acentric, focusing on the borders of the voivodeship, mainly in the west and
north. In the southeast there are two medium-sized cities (Szczecinek and Wałcz), in central
and southern region are only small cities located.
Szczecin is by far the dominant metropolitan center in terms of size and importance,
focusing on the scale of the region's largest economic potential. 24% of the population of the
region lives there, only 3 voivodeships in Poland have a higher percentage of concentration in
the largest city. This is one of the major poles of development of the national economy, the
center of European significance, and the administrative center of the voivodeship. Koszalin is
the second largest center for the voivodeship. It is a complementary to Szczecin centre of
service of voivodeship, distinguished in terms of economic potential, size and significance.
Over 43% of the total area of the voivodeship is arable grounds (965 481 ha), of which
75.7% include arable land (730 681 ha). Overall, the country's arable grounds occupy 51.7%
of total area. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is dominated by forested areas, which
account for 36.7% of the region.
Challenges: Regardless of the need for local plans to cover all urban and investment areas,
the performance of planning studies for the functional areas is also desirable, covering the
Metropolitan Area of Szczecin, the agglomeration of Koszalin and the area of intensive
farming. They should be created with the participation of all interested governments and
institutions. The phenomenon of chaotic housing in suburban areas should be prevented, and
the land reserves for future commercial investment should be created.
The lack of major urban centre in the central part of the voivodeship should be compensated
by creating a development area based on the group smaller cities: Drawsko Pomorskie,
Złocieniec, Czaplinek, Połczyn Zdrój, Świdwin and Łobez.
In rural areas, new investments should be made in a range of local development centres,
providing an access to the routes, which will strengthen the settlements and increase the return
on investments. This ensures proper access to public services. Cost-effective, balanced
86
management of construction sites prevents the loss of landscape features and minimizes the
negative impact on the environment.
A major challenge is to use the available local capacity to reconcile environmental priorities
and the investment needs. Protected areas should not be only a limiting factor, in accordance
with sustainable development policy; their development should be encouraged for the benefit
of the region's economy. For this purpose the ecophisiography of Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship was developed during the study of landscape adjustment.
87
18. Housing
2.18. Housing
The housing stock of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship by the basic forms of
ownership includes the housing owned by: housing cooperatives (37.9%), housing
communities (39.5%), municipalities - council housing (17,2%). Furthermore, the owners of
realities in the province are the Treasury (1.7%), companies (1.3%) and building societies
(2.4%). In the Zachodniopomorskie the proportion of housing belonging to the building
societies is the highest in Poland.
In years 2004-2008 the province reported steady and stable increase in the number of
dwellings. In this period the number of dwellings increased by 21.6 thousands, and compared
to the year 2004 increased by 3.8%. In 2008, 6 969 dwellings were given to use, 7.2% more
than in the previous year. This represented 4.2% of newly given to use venues in the country.
As per 1 000 inhabitants in the whole region there were 4.1 flats opened, while for the
individual sub-regions: Stargard sub-region - 2.1, Koszalin - 3.4, the sub-city of Szczecin 4.7, and 7.0 in the Szczecin city sub-region. The housing stock of voivodeship included at the
end of December 2008 about 592 000 of premises. 46.9% of dwellings built were intended for
sale or rent, the constructions carried out by individual investors is 39.0%, while social
housing is 6.9% of the investments realized. In the period of 2004-2008, the number of rooms
in dwellings of the region increased from 2 101 600 to 2 184 900, an increase of 4.0%. Their
size is increased by 5.6%, from 37.3 million to 39.4 million m².
All sanitary engineering facilities are available in the voivodeship in more houses than
the national average suggests. The availability of these systems, high on the national
background, occurs in the case of home furnishings in the water supply in rural areas (1st
place in the country), cities (3rd), the presence of bathrooms in the villages (3rd).
Table 2. Houses furnished with the sanitary-technical installations in Poland and the region in 2008
water mains
city
Zachodniopomorskie 99,7 (3)
Poland
98,5
bathroom
central heating
village
city
village
city
village
96,4 (1)
93,3 (8)
85,2 (2)
87,3 (7)
67,6 (5)
88,7
92,0
75,5
84,5
64,0
source: own study based on BDR GUS data (in brackets the voivodeship's place on the background of
the country).
In 2008, most homes were transferred to use in Szczecin (1 911), Police District (861),
Kołobrzeg District(710) and in Świnoujście (658). In per 10 000 inhabitants in 2008, most
homes were completed in Świnoujście (167.5), Police District (128.2) and in the Kołobrzeg
District (92.7) at an average of voivodeship amounting 41,2. The index of the completed
dwellings number per 10 000 inhabitants gives voivodeship the 9th place in Poland.
A very strong imbalance in the development of the housing is noticeable between the
coastal belt and the largest cities in the region and the eastern and southern parts of the
voivodeship. In the coastal districts it's primarily a luxury apartment building, characterized
by high finishing standards and small areas of flats, that affects the situation. The high level of
dwellings number and their usable floor space growth in urban in units is particularly
noticeable in the neighbouring to Szczecin District of Police, where the community of Dobra
and Kołbaskowo begin to play the role of the metropolis housing backup.
88
18. Housing
Figure 40. New buildings completed by division of sub-regions in the years 2005 - 2008
Koszalin sub-region
Stargard sub-region
City of Szczecin sub-region
Szczecin sub-region
1 179
654
2008
810
1 561
902
521
2007
737
1 404
948
348
2006
569
1 180
1 254
426
2005
671
1 404
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
source: own study based on BDR GUS data.
In Koszalin and Stargard sub-regions and the Szczecin city sub-region the number of
newly developed buildings exceeded the value from 2005. In the Koszalin sub-region the
amount is significantly higher than in other sub-regions. However, counting the sub-region of
Szczecin and the Szczecin city sub-region together, the amount is about 272 units higher and
amounts to 1 833 in 2008.
Despite the large number of dwellings given for use in the region in recent years, the
voivodeship still loses in terms of size of dwellings, as well as their surface area per capita.
Both in terms of the average dwelling space (the voivodeship - 69.8 m², the country - 70.2 m²)
and the average dwelling space for one person (the voivodeship - 23.3 m², the country - 24.2
m²), the voivodeship takes 13th place in Poland. The largest areas of dwellings in 2008 were
reported in counties of Koszalin (82.3 m²), Sławieński (78.1 m²), Police (77.8 m²). The
smallest average usable floor area of dwellings in 2008 was recorded in counties townships:
Świnoujście (59.8 m²), Szczecin (60.7 m²) and Koszalin (60,8 m²).
89
18. Housing
Figure 41. Dwellings completed per 10 000 inhabitants in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008 [pieces]
180
numbers of units
160
140
120
100
Zachodniopomorskie
80 167,5
128,2
60
41,2
92,7
40
48,6
20
46,9
43,4
40,6
37,8
34,7
22,4
22,2
21,3
20,9
19,5
16,8
15,4
14,5
13,1
8,9
6,5
4,8
m
.Ś
w
in
ou
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ko
ki
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ze
sk
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or
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id
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os
sk
zc
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ki
0
Figure 1. Average usable floor space per capita in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008 [m²]
30
square meters
28
26
24
Zachodniopomorskie
23,3
28
26,8
22
26
25,4
24,6 24,2
23,8 23,4 23,2
22,8 22,4 22,3 22,2
22,1 22,1 21,9 21,7
21,4
21
20,9 20,8
ko
ło
br
ze
sk
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ec
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ck
i
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aw
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ow
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20
An average of 23.9 sq meters of living space falls for one person in the region. In
2008, the largest surface was attributed to the inhabitants of different districts: Kołobrzeg,
Kamień and the Police. The smallest surface was attributed to the inhabitants of Pyrzycki,
Stargardzki and Choszczeński districts.
Noticeable improvement of housing indicators can be expected in the municipalities
making up the largest conurbations in the voivodeship. This will be particularly apparent in
setting up the agglomeration of Szczecin, Police District and exhibit increasingly higher levels
of economic development Goleniów District. Strong housing development in the
agglomeration of Szczecin will also be noticeable in the western part of the Stargard District
and the northern part of Gryfino District.
Probably the further development of construction carried out by building societies
shall take place. It should be emphasized that the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship has the
highest in Poland percentage of homes owned and managed by societies. The scale of
investments made by the municipal building societies of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
on the previously set aside land may help to revive the housing market.
90
18. Housing
The characteristic feature Szczecin surroundings are the phenomenon of Polish
citizens settled in the bordering districts of the provinces of Eastern Germany. Although it is
not massive, but with facilitated movement of persons it may have an impact on change in the
nature of demand for housing and increasing quality demands of the Szczecin agglomeration
residents in this area.
Challenges: In recent years the urban centres have become unattractive for residents.
Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the quality of life in downtown areas, mainly
due to the revitalization programs, raising the quality of the residential fabric, its surrounding
infrastructure and the creation of attractive public spaces.
Individual housing sector is growing the most in rural areas around large cities. Due to the
land costs, the localization of the new, especially single-family buildings goes out of the cities
into the suburban areas. This phenomenon is supported by the widespread use of a car. The
implementation of housing projects outside of urban areas causes transfer of the urban
population to suburban areas, mostly without any change of employment. This causes changes
in the daily cycle of population mobility, and ultimately generates increased transportation
needs of commuting to work and services. Maintaining the trend of urban sprawl should be
regarded as a negative phenomenon.
Many people have no opportunity to acquire housing on the open market. Therefore, it is
important for the local governments and government to conduct an appropriate housing
policy. In this situation the social housing and public building societies will become an
important segment of the housing industry (BS).
91
19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants
2.19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants
In the first years of the XXI century the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was the
slowest developing region in Poland. The GDP growth dynamics in 1997 – 2007 was 57.4%
in the voivodeship (76.8% for the whole of Poland). In 2007 the national GDP from the
voivodeship was 46 904 million PLN, which placed the region in 9th position in the country.
In 1999 – 2007 each of the Zachodniopomorskie sub-regions was growing slower than
the average growth rate in the country. Amongst 66 Polish sub-regions, the Koszalin subregion was in 37th place with a GDP growth of 71.0%, Stargard in 60th place (60.9%),
Szczecin in 61st place (60/7%) and the subregion city of Szczecin in second from last, 65th
place with a GDP growth of 43.9% in 1999-2007.
Particularly low growth rate was noted in the voivodeship during 2001 – 2003. The
reason behind 40-50% of this decrease was the collapse of Stocznia Szczecińska. The growth
dynamics of GDP in 2004 – 2007 placed the voivodeship in 13th place in the country.
Low growth rate of the voivodeship influenced the share of the Zachodniopomorskie
in the national GDP. In 1999 – 2007 this share decreased from 4.51% to 3.99%.
Figure 43. Share of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship GDP in the national GDP in 1999 - 2007
4,6%
4,4%
4,2%
4,0%
3,8%
3,6%
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
source: Reports on the impact of global recession on the socio-economic situation in Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship and its consequences for the tasks of the voivodeship local government. Szczecin 2009.
Even in 2000, the per capita GDP in the voivodeship was at 101.7% of the national
GDP. In 2007 it decreased to 89.8%. During 2000-2001 GDP per capita in the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was higher than the most similar voivodeship, Pomorskie.
In 2007 it was already lower by 8.7 percentage points.
92
Figure 44. GDP per capita (current prices), Poland=100;2000-2007 Polish voivodeships and sub-regions of
the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
160
mazowieckie
159,1
m.Szczecin
150,0
150
dolnośląskie
150,2
śląskie
140
wielkopolskie
138,6
134,1
Polska
132,0
130
pomorskie
129,3
128,1
łódzkie
120
zachodniopomorskie
lubuskie
110
reg. szczeciński
kujawsko-pomorskie
101,7
99,4
100
98,1
95,7
95,2
94,7
90
83,8
małopolskie
94,7
92,7
92,8
92,8
91,1
90,1
91,5
85,2
84,5
80
82,7
82,7
84,1
reg. koszaliński
87,5
83,2
82,4
opolskie
89,8
świętokrzy skie
80,8
podlaskie
71,3
70,1
70
68,1
lubelskie
67,3
66,5
64,1
66,9
podkarpackie
63,8
60
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
reg. stargardzki
2006
2007
Figure 45. Change dynamics in the national GDP
share during 1999-2007
PODLASKIE
-0,52%
POMORSKIE
-0,56%
ŁÓDZKIE
-0,78%
KUJAWSKOLUBUSKIE
-2,09%
ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE
-2,63%
ŚLĄSKIE
-3,43%
OPOLSKIE
-3,84%
WARMIŃSKOPODKARPACKIE
-6,13%
LUBELSKIE
-6,21%
ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE
-10,98%
-6%
-3%
0%
3%
Polska
1,59
1,60
podlaskie
pomorskie
1,48
1,57
1,50
łódzkie
1,39
kuj awsko-pomorskie
1,40
1,44
1,27
1,30
1,36
1,21
1,17
-5,78%
MAZURSKIE
małopolskie
1,70
-1,59%
POMORSKIE
dolnośląskie
wielkopolskie
1,62%
MAŁOPOLSKIE
1,77
1,80
1,98%
WIELKOPOLSKIE
-9%
mazowieckie
2,54%
DOLNOŚLĄSKIE
-12%
1,90
7,40%
MAZOWIECKIE
Figure 46. GDP in total, Zachodniopomorskie as
compared to Poland, year 1999 = 1
1,20
świętokrzyskie
śląskie
1,28
1,12
1,18 1,19
1,10
lubuskie
1,15
opolskie
podkarpackie
1,13
lubelskie
6%
1,00
9%
zachodniopomorskie
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
In 2007 the national GDP per capita in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was
27 708 PLN (30 873 PLN in Poland). The distribution of the gross domestic product produced
93
in the voivodeship indicates that there are significant differences with regards to wealth of
individual sub-regions. The highest GDP was observed in the city of Szczecin sub-region
(39 558 PLN) in the other sub-regions the gross domestic product was as follows: Szczecin
sub-region 27 000 PLN, Koszalin sub-region 24 939 PLN, Stargard sub-region 19 780 PLN.
The level of GDP per capita as a percentage of the European Union value (EU=100)
varied in West Pomerania between 23% and 28% and was displaying a slightly upward trend.
The region was developing significantly slower than most of the country’s regions, which
joined the EU in 2004. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was showing a weaker
convergence and thus was the slowest to be approaching the average European Union level.
Map 9. Level of economic growth in communes in 2002 and 2007
source: Reports on the impact of global recession on the socio-economic situation in Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship and its consequences for the tasks of the voivodeship local government. Szczecin 2009.
Based on the synthetic growth indicator, taking on values in the range <0, 1> scientists
at the University of Szczecin estimated that the highest level of development in 2002 – 2007
was exhibited by all of the municipal districts of the voivodeship, other words cities:
Szczecin, Koszalin i Świnoujście and districts of Kołobrzeg, Police and Goleniów. Compared
to 2002 all of the districts experienced economic growth. The highest value of the indicator
was noted in the following districts: Kołobrzeski, 0,25, city of Świnoujście, 0,25,
Goleniowski, 0.24 and Sławno, Białogard and Police, 0,22. The lowest growth of the indicator
was noted in the districts of: Stargard, 0.11, Pyrzyce 0.12 and Choszczno 0.14.
The average monthly gross income in the voivodeship in 2007 and 2008 was 2 615,83
PLN and 2 881,00 PLN respectively13. The highest earnings were achieved by people working
in the financial agency industry, whose average gross monthly income was 4 059,39 PLN.
High incomes were also achieved by people employed in public administration, transport and
some sectors of industry such as energy and mining. In 2006 the average gross monthly
income in the region was equal to 2 406,98 PLN, in 2005 - 2 307,99 PLN and in 2004 2 221,63 PLN.
In 2008 a disproportion appeared in favour of the western parts of the voivodeship in
terms of the average monthly gross income. In the summary of income levels in the
voivodeship, it is in 6th place in Poland, with the national average of 3 158,48 PLN.. In the
13
Data does not include economic entities with 9 or less employees.
94
region, the social exclusion sphere is growing faster than in other voivodeships and the
growth rate of household wealth is slower than elsewhere.
Figure 47. The average monthly gross income in voivodeships as compared to the national average in 2004
- 2008
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
140%
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
m
az
o
w
ie
ck
ie
śl
ąs
ki
po
e
m
or
sk
do
ie
ln
oś
la
sk
m
za
ie
ał
ch
o
od
po
ni
ls
op
k
om ie
or
sk
ie
op
o
w
ls
ie
ki
lk
e
op
ol
sk
ie
po
dl
as
ki
e
lu
b
el
św
sk
ię
ie
to
kr
zy
sk
ku
ie
ja
w
łó
sk
dz
oki
po
e
m
or
sk
ie
lu
bu
po
sk
w
ar
dk
ie
m
a
iń
rp
sk
ac
oki
m
e
az
ur
sk
ie
0%
In 2008 in domestic dwellings on a per inhabitant basis within the voivodeship there
was the largest proportion, of up to 26.8% of expenditures spent on food and non-alcoholic
drinks (fort the whole country this average was 25.6%), 19.7% was spent on housing and
energy carriers (18,9%), and 7,7% on transport (10,1%). The lowest average monthly
expenses were recorded for education, where 1.1% was spent (1,2% average in the whole
country) and restaurant and hotel visits - 2,2% (2,0%). 3,1% of household expenditure was on
alcoholic drinks and tobacco products (2,6%), and 4,0% on health (4,8%).
95
20.Horizontal perspectives
2.20. Horizontal perspectives
The socio-economic situation of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is of
multidimensional and dynamic character. It is impossible to present all of its aspects using the
division into diagnostic areas determined for Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship Development
Strategy. There are horizontal issues which require a separate approach. These are: the crossborder dimension, international cooperation, metropolitan dimension and the role of
conurbation, the rural areas and public space, and revitalization. The conclusions of the
assessment with regard to the horizontal dimensions are expressed in activities and indexes
formulated for particular objectives.
2.20.1. The Cross-border Dimension
Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is specific due to its location near the border of two
countries, between the sea and land, along the border river of Odra. Traditionally, the most
intensive external relations of the region are with the border provinces of Germany:
Mecklenburg and Brandenburg. The communication connections with Germany, including
the condition of roads and the railway line, are systematically improved. This does not
correspond with the unsatisfactory degree of logistic infrastructure, related to the cross-border
transport, which so far has not been developed within Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship on
the level that was achieved in other regions of similar specificity, E.G. in the borderland of
Germany and Netherlands or in the border areas of eastern Poland. The development of
harbours in Schwedt and Police reduced the domination of the harbour complex of SzczecinŚwinoujście. In the future, more intensive relations are planned in the energy sector, with
regard to the expansion of transmission systems and networks in the borderland. The region’s
location is significant for relations including the environment protection through the
possibility of influencing, as part of the EU legislation, the emergence and impact of new
factories on the both sides of the border. The prospects for economic and scholar cooperation
still remain unsatisfied, including the projects such as BalticNet-PlasmaTec.
The microeconomic significance of marketplaces is decreasing. However, the sales
offer of Szczecin and other towns in the Polish border area is attractive for German citizens
who are also customers of vacation centres, sanatoriums and specialist clinics as well as
cultural institutions. Therefore, the particular towns in the region try to take advantage of their
location near the border as their chief asset in the development of tourism. The surplus in the
balance of cross-border exchange achieved by Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is
systematically growing. This is the result of both the price differences as well as quality and
versatility of the offer. It is typical for the region that its inhabitants settle in the nearby
German districts. In 2009 about 700 families from Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, mostly
from Szczecin and areas around the city, settled in Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania, about
500 moved to Brandenburg. The intensification of the mentioned processes will result in the
increasing quality of life as the effect of the cross-border exchange of goods and services,
reducing its costs by common development and exploitation of the infrastructure.
The growth in the economic and social relations with the nearby regions of
Scandinavia is also insufficient. The trade exchange between Zachodniopomorskie
voivodeship and the area is lower than this achieved by Wielkopolskie and Dolnośląskie
voivodeship. The sales offer of the cities in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, as well as the
availability of places for golf playing and hunting, is relatively attractive for Swedish and
Danish citizens. The language barrier is vanishing as the general knowledge of English is
being improved.
96
The voivodeship boasts favourable development in terms of the cross-border
cooperation between local governments which is visible in cultural projects, youth exchange,
as well as the development of the infrastructural links (E.G. road connections, the ferry
crossing in Gozdowice). It is based on legal and financial tools of cooperation, particularly
functioning of Pomerania Euro region, and the funds available within the European Territorial
Cooperation, including the South Baltic Programme and the Interregional Cooperation
Programme Interreg IV. Further strengthening of the cooperation will be possible as part of
the Odra Partnership.
It is predicted that, as the country borders are losing in significance, the number of
inhabitants in Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania is falling, and the economic and social
integration of the borderland is progressing, Szczecin will gradually achieve the status of
cross-border development centre, affecting also Germany. The border river of Odra, Lagoon
of Szczecin, and Uznam Island being under the administration of both countries, constitute the
natural space for the planning initiatives and their implementation.
During the next years, the significance of Berlin as a leading European Metropolis will
grow, actually influencing the functioning of the surrounding areas, including
Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and particularly Szczecin which is a large city and
economic centre. The construction of the new intercontinental airport of Berlin Brandenburg
International (BBI) within the territory of the former Schönefeld airport is of key importance
in this process. In development of the Berlin conurbation it is necessary to undertake actions
aimed at the formation of the desired communication links, distinctiveness of
Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, and the profile of its offer. In respect to the above, among
other things, the role of the airport of Szczecin-Goleniów will change.
An important sign of the voivodeship international activity are its attempts to expand
the Central European Transport Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65). The technical secretariat of this
initiative is based in the Marshal Office of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship.
The development of the economic and cultural links with the neighboring countries
will significantly increase the voivodeship potential. It is recommended to develop them by
improving the transport connections, coordinating the physical planning, creating the network
of organizational and institutional links, as well as undertaking a variety of informative and
promotional activities.
2.20.2. International Cooperation
The measure of the voivodeship potential and its diversified economic, cultural, and
social links is conducting active international cooperation. The cooperation is based on the
tasks and trends in foreign policy of Poland, including these relating to the role of local and
regional communities, at the same time retaining its own specificity and priorities.
The voivodeship international cooperation is oriented at making full use of the
development possibilities connected with the Polish membership in the European Union. The
local governments, universities, scientific and research institutions, youth circles, education
centers, non-governmental organizations, and artistic circles are involved in the cooperation.
It takes a form of co-participation in educational programmes, exchange of information,
common preparation of projects financed by the European Union, organizing mutual
presentations, traineeships abroad, studio visits as well as activities that support learning
foreign languages.
The voivodeship location in Europe is the most important factor determining the
trends in its international cooperation. The closest relations are with Mecklenburg – Western
Pomerania and Brandenburg, as those are the neighboring provinces for the voivodeship. A
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relevant element of collaboration among the regions situated in the catchment area of Odra
river is the cooperation within the scope of using the river for economic and tourist purposes,
the cooperation between rescue services including the repair of damages resulting from
catastrophes and natural disasters, cooperation in the field of physical planning and the
environment protection, as well as creation of attractive communication infrastructure with
Odra river as its axis. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship attempts to involve other partners in
the works relating to the implementation of the concept of the Central European Transport
Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65).
The region of the Baltic Sea, where the cooperation covers the region of Skåne in
Sweden, the federal state of Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania in Germany, and the Exclave
of Kaliningrad in Russia, constitutes the priority area for the voivodeship. The partnership has
been established also with the regions of the Baltic Sea countries – the federal state of
Schleswig-Holstein and the city of Hamburg (Germany), the region of Oulu (Finland), the
region of Klaipeda (Russia), the region of Vilnius (Lithuania), and the region of Pärnu
(Estonia), as well as the district authority of the town of Niemenczyn.
The subject of the cooperation with partners from Western Europe involves the
common initiatives concerning the development of metropolitan functions of the cities, the
development of rural areas, tourism, education, social communication, water management,
renewable energy, creation of the information infrastructure and modern administration. The
relations with the Exclave of Kaliningrad (The Russian Federation) and Mykolaiv Oblast
(Ukraine) are characteristic due to the exchange of experience in the field of free-market
changes and democratization, as well as cooperation in the field of economy and culture. The
voivodeship established cooperation also with the province of Guangdong in China which
mainly takes the form of economic missions, exchange of scholars and students, and is
focused on the projects related to innovation and support for the economy based on
knowledge. A relevant role in this cooperation is played by economic entities, higher
education schools, and scientific and research centres. The international cooperation is also
implemented by the local government units. The German cities constitute the largest group of
their partners (65%) as well as the cities in Sweden, Russia, and Netherlands.
Active participation in international institutions and organizations is the necessary
instrument to conduct the international cooperation. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is the
member of Baltic Sea States Subregional Cooperation. This is a political organization which
involves about 160 regions of the Baltic Sea states, acting to reinforce the cooperation
between them, including the methods based on their own financial instruments, and establish
contact between their inhabitants. Between 2011 and 2013 Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship
will take the leadership in BSSSC. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is also a member of the
Polish and German Inter-governmental Committee for Regional and Cross-border
Cooperation, Interregional Agreement for the Creation of a Central European Transport
Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65), Baltic Development Forum, the Visegrad Group Countries’
Forum of Regions, and the Central-European Initiative. The voivodeship cooperates also with
the Committee of the Regions, Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of
Europe (CLRAE), and European Regional Information Society Association (ERIS@). The
international position of the voivodeship is largely the result of the fact that the seat of
Pomerania Euroregion authorities and the headquarters of NATO Multinational Corps are
located within its territory.
The initiative of international cooperation area called “Odra Partnership”, initiated in
2006, is developed. It is aimed at creation of the cooperation network in the region, including
Zachodniopomorskie, Lubuskie, Dolnośląskie, Wielkopolskie voivodeship as well as Berlin,
Brandenburg, Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania, and Saxony. It is to become an
internationally competitive area of trade and economy. The main elements of cooperation in
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the area of Odra Partnership are: innovations, support for small and medium enterprises,
transfer of technologies, renewable energy, transport and logistics, and tourism.
2.20.3. Metropolitan Dimension and the Role of Conurbation
At the scale of the whole voivodeship, the role of Szczecin and Koszalin, as the
economic and cultural centers, is becoming more and more important. The process is driven
by the constant movement of the demographic and economic potential towards large cities,
but also by the legal requirements related to the development of conurbation and metropolitan
areas. In further development of the city groups it is necessary to discard the barriers and
restrictions in the field of physical planning, transport policy, waste management, or
environment protection.
The initial stage of the region secondary urbanization was characterized by the
integration of the region’s human and economic resources within the conurbation, migration
to towns and growing difference in the quality of life in relation to the peripheral areas. The
idea of the sustainable development policy is visible in defining new role of small units. The
metropolitan centers, retaining its dominant position, stimulate development of the peripheral
areas by the transfer of ideas, knowledge, capital, and production measures, and by increasing
their role as the service and raw material reserves for the city organisms. The changes
occurring in this respect in the area of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and the lifestyle of
its inhabitants are analogical to the processes occurring in other European countries. Two
largest cities of the region constitute the source of the most important factors stimulating the
development of the surrounding area. The Koszalin conurbation development reinforces its
direct link with the coastal area influencing the service and tourist sector development in the
region. Reinforcement of the metropolitan position of Szczecin is largely connected with
undertaking the role of the centre providing services for the neighboring communes. At the
same time, the city is an example of particularly strong suburbanization trends oriented at the
West. The number of inhabitants in the western communes (Kołbaskowo, Dobra) is growing,
while the number of people living in the city is falling. The city is becoming more and more
important as the centre of cross-border influence on the Polish and German borderland.
Establishing the city’s position as a significant centre of cooperation in the Baltic area, with
numerous economic, scholar, and cultural links, may be another area of expansion and
development in terms of relations.
The formal framework for the development of metropolitan function of Szczecin will
be the Act on Planning the Metropolitan Areas’ Development, the State Regional
Development Strategy, the Concept of Physical Development of the Country, the updated
Physical Development Plan of the voivodeship. The task of the Association of Szczecin
Metropolitan Area is to make the cooperation among the communes of the metropolis more
closely.
The economic strength and development potential of the metropolis are increasingly
determined by the degree of integration of functions and potentials within their area. In the
case of Szczecin, the integration processes will be related to, above all, the transport,
communication, and communal solutions, spatial management, administrative platforms, and
social communication. The neighboring communes within the area of the metropolis may
avoid overlapping some of the expensive investments, both infrastructural and social ones. A
chance for development is the large-scale implementation of revitalization projects, aimed at
the degradation prevention in relation to urbanized space and social structures, as well as
stimulating the development, increasing the social and economic activity, improvement of the
inhabitation environment, and national heritage protection.
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It is necessary to raise the awareness of local governments’ members and inhabitants
of the communes within the conurbation with respect to the requirements relating to the
integration of city organisms. The peripheral and central areas shall be at last linked closely
together to comprise a cooperation network and vibrant economic entities.
2.20.4. Rural Areas
In 2008 the rural areas took 1,131.5 thousand ha, it constitutes 94% of the whole space
of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, which is approximately the state average value. At the
same time, the region is at one of the leading positions in the classification of Natura 2000 in
terms of the number and space of the specified natural sanctuaries.
The number of inhabitants living in the rural areas is significantly lower than in other
parts of the country, taking into consideration the total number of inhabitants in the region.
One of the lowest population densities in the rural areas, 24 people per km2 on average,
results from the high level of the region urbanization, high forestation rate, and fragmented
rural settlement network. The region features one of the lowest populations of people living in
the rural areas since they were born: it constitutes a little more than 50% in comparison to
almost 80% in Podkarpackie and Małopolskie voivodeship. Only in four voivodeships
(Zachodniopomorskie, Podlaskie, Pomorskie, and Warmińsko-Mazurskie) men constituted a
majority in the population structure according to sex. The percentage of people making their
living mainly from agriculture is very low.
The balance of migration between city and village reveals that a majority of people
move to the rural areas. This is mainly a result of educated and well-off people moving to the
communes situated near large cities, retaining their relations with the city through work, trade,
services. During the next decades, with the constantly falling number of the state population,
the inhabitants of rural areas will be a relatively young community in comparison with the
people living in cities. The intensity of the demographic process of the population getting
older in the rural areas, also in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, will be much weaker than
in cities.
The pace and character of rural communes development in Zachodniopomorskie
voivodeship is still determined by, above all, its location and quality of human resources. The
communes situated in the seaside zone specialize in tourist services generating high incomes.
Thanks to the location the favorable development includes also the communes situated near
large economic centers (Szczecin and Koszalin), functioning as housing reserves with the use
of the conurbation potential of labour and service market. Then, a substantial number of
peripheral communes in relation to large cities, which are of monofunctional nature and are
still dominated by the agricultural production, are developing much slower. Farms with large
and relatively dense crop space are dominating.
Negative effects of the socio-economic changes that took place in the time of the
Polish People’s Republic, and their consequences after 1989, are still visible in the economic
situation and ownership in the rural areas. The fall of State Collective Farms was of economic
significance – it referred to substantial areas of the voivodeship and influenced the entire
economic situation of the communes – but it also affected the community which to some
extent was unable to function in the reality of free-market economy. Relatively small changes
took place in the area potential. Between 1989 and 2008 the recorded space of usable
agricultural lands in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship diminished by 29.5 thousand ha (2.7%
of total space of usable agricultural lands), including 17.3 thousand ha of arable lands and
orchards (2%), and the space of permanent grasslands diminished by 19.2 thousand ha (8.4%).
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The loss of communal and social infrastructure reserves in the area of production farms –
health centers, nurseries, kindergartens, cultural centers – was much more severe.
Frequently, communes themselves are unable to deal with the constant socioeconomic and spatial degradation of these lands as well as the unstable living situation of the
population, which is visible in the weakness of labour market, constant dependence on the
social assistance. The lack of human resources goes hand in hand with the lack of economic
capital forming the basis for intensification of the economic changes.
In Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship a little more than 70% of buildings and 48% of
flats in residential buildings in rural areas belong to individuals, while in the region of
Podkarpackie and in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship even 98% of residential buildings and 94%
of flats are owned privately. Then, in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship there is a high
number of co-owned residential buildings (about 1/5 of the total number of residential
buildings in rural areas), while in the south-eastern part of the country the percentage is just
0.5 – 1% of all the buildings.
Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is still tackled by the social infrastructure deficits,
characteristic for rural areas across the country. Above all, they are visible in the insufficient
development of cultural, tourist network of outposts, as well as schools, tutelary and health
care outposts. The educational opportunities for children living in rural areas are limited due
to the barriers related to functioning of the education system in village (E.G. limited access to
kindergartens, lower qualifications of the teaching staff, poor educational offer after junior
high school) and the financial situation of families living in village. Choosing the route of
education, especially after junior high school, is determined by the educational offer available
in the closest area, transport possibilities, the costs of transport to school or living away from
home.
The modernization and development of rural areas in the voivodeship should be based
on, above all, the possessed resources and geographical and environmental factors. At the
scale of the country, the region features a positive agrarian structure and high level of
agriculture which results in relatively better utilization of the agricultural production potential
(the soil, capital, and labour). Gradually, the farms undergo the diversification process
towards a non-agricultural activity. The rural areas of the voivodeship boast favourable
conditions for village tourism and farm tourism development due to low level of
industrialization, and particularly the favourable natural and landscape and cultural
conditions. In some parts of the voivodeship there are favourable conditions for the
development of renewable energy production.
.
2.20.5 Public spaces and revitalization
Together with an increase in social capita, more and more attention is paid to the
quality of life, as a result of which the management of public spaces and their organisation is
on the increase. Public spaces influence the quality of life, tourist attractiveness,
competitiveness and the image of the town and thus the whole region. For the quality of
public spaces is influenced by its saturation and the standard of such urban – landscape
elements as squares, streets in central areas of cities and villages, picturesque routes and
village panoramas, parks, walking areas.
In case of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the quality of public spaces is to a large
extent dependant on the level of social capital. After the destruction of WWII and the period
of fundamental communal infrastructure modernisation, many cities, including Szczecin are
only now regaining the urban setting based on the old assumptions or which is full and
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comprehensive. There are a few examples where this process is carried out taking into
account the requirements of accessibility and multi-functionality of public spaces. During the
last few tens of years, it was subject in cities to the requirements of vehicle communication,
whereas since the turn of the XX and XXI centuries another important factor are the trading
centres and their role in the urban landscape. To a larger extent activities undertaken to
improve the quality of life for inhabitants are underway. Local governments try to improve
the functionality of streets and sidewalks, in Szczecin, Szczecinek or Świnoujście, as well as
in other towns which have a tourist character, areas without vehicle traffic have been set
aside. Amongst the local government investments, there are more and more projects regarding
cultural and sports institutions or walking trails. A gradual revitalization of the non developed
areas and those withdrawn from use such as in Śródodrze in Szczecin, north-east Świnoujście
or the old town of Kołobrzeg and Stargard Szczeciński. A thorough modernisation was
carried out in the central parts of smaller cities such as Barlinek, Czapliek, Połczyn, Darłowo.
The scope of renovation works in relation to historic structures, including those aimed at the
improvement of their safety and accessibility is still inadequate. The activities aimed at the
revitalizing of historic town centres, including by reforming the housing stocks with the
revitalised areas should be consequently followed through.
In larger centres the development of residential housing on the outskirts is in progress
with a lack of municipal infrastructure of public spaces, green areas, ecological route solution
and roads with the necessary parameters. Significant areas (often attractively located) are still
administered by the army, which influences the process of open space creation. In Szczecin,
there is still a large area of garden allotments located based on the old urban-spatial conditions
and occupying potentially attractive investment land. Together with the development of a
reads network and their and the ensuing appearance of commercial, production structures
around them with a unregulated layout which worsen the safety conditions of traffic,
increasing the costs of developing and operation of the infrastructure and with a negative
impact on the quality of landscape.
The voivodeship has numerous areas of a recreational character located mainly in the
costal belt and the lake districts, creating a public space which serves both the inhabitants and
tourists. It encompasses the areas of holiday villages as well as tourist trails, basins,
recreational structures and locations. Practically along the whole length of the Baltic coast a
beach with many usable attributes is available, however only in the left bank Świnoujście
(Uznam Island) its natural widening is occurring. In the remaining parts the erosion of the
coast line is progressing and the gradual regression of land, and the beach width in some
places (e.g.: Dziwnów, Kawcza Góra, Kołobrzeg, Ustronie Morskie) can reduced to as little
as a few meters. In the urban areas, the waterfront space is still underdeveloped, as an area
which is at the meeting point of land and water with respect to implementing specific urban
solutions. Projects aimed at increasing the accessibility and attractiveness of the port areas
and shore lines are being implemented as important tourist attributes as well as areas for the
integration and social activity of the local inhabitants (e.g.: in Szczecin, Gryfino, Wolin,
Darłowo).
In many cases the development of public spaces is an integral part of the change in use
of structures. New projects are prepared and implemented, which aim to revitalize areas based
on the natural location attributes and changing their old economic uses by developing the
areas for housing, culture, recreation and trade. New character functionality is being added to
ex army areas, ex port areas and soon probably ex ship yard areas. Amongst completed
structures of destined to be implemented in the near future the following should be noted:
tram depot in Szczecin at ul. Kolumba – currently an office building, tram depot Szczecin –
Niemierzyn – Museum of Technology and Communication “Art Depot”, the manufacturer of
office supplies Delfin in Szczecin – loft style flats, oil mill by ul. Dębogórska in Szczecin –
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ballet school of the Balet Foundation, ex army buildings in Szczecin at ul. śołnierska – a
campus of a number of Szczecin’s higher education establishments, Zakłady Naprawy Taboru
Kolejowego in Stargard Szczeciński – Stargard Industrial park, transformer station in
Szczecin at ul. Wojska Polskiego – office building, transformer station in Szczecin at ul.
Świętego Ducha – Contemporary art centre –Art Trafostation” The only and unique example
of renovation and revitalization is the city of Borne Sulinowo in the district of Szczecin – ex
Soviet army barracks. Challenges in the scope of revitalization are certainly the two ex army
airbases as well as the deserted town of Kłomino (Gródek) which used to be the bedroom of
Soviet soldiers stationed in
As part of the revitalization activities it is important to re-activate rural areas and
assets. This entails the preservation and protection of the traditional rural landscape variety,
care for the green areas, small country architecture and rural urban complexes, revitalization
of townships cantered around old state farms as well as the prevention of the negative effects
of dispersion of settlements. The renovation of mansions and estates from the pre-war era is a
challenge, as most of them are devastated and not developed (e.g.: Swobnica, Rynowo,
Lesięcin, DreŜewo, Łoźnica, Otok, Mielęcin).
Revitalization processes should be treated as a factor supporting entrepreneurship and
investment processes. Public spaces of a high quality are a significant factor influencing the
interest of companies in the area based on the knowledge of qualified workforce.
Local governments and communities should also, to a larger degree, develop the
available space through civil and cultural reactivation as well as the return of natural function
to water adjacent industrial and port areas as well as ex army areas which are subject to
revitalization. At the stage of creating local revitalization plans and during their
implementation the cooperation with commercial entities in the form of public – private
partnerships is recommended.
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21.Synthetic indicator of communes’ development
2.21 Synthetic indicator of communes’ development
In order to compare the development stage of communes in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship a synthetic indicator has been created.
The indicator was calculated based on three variables in the formula:
3
x Y Z
⋅ ⋅
X y z
Where:
x – the level of incomes declared in tax returns CIT and PIT per one inhabitant
(x – value for the commune, X – value for the voivodeship)
y – the number of people using social benefits per 10 thousand inhabitants (y value for the commune, Y - value for the voivodeship)
z – number of people not working for more than one year as a proportion of the
number of people in the working age group (z – value for the commune, Z –
value for the voivodeship).
The choice of variables results from the need to illustrate as fully as possible all of the aspects
of economic development as well as the availability and character of data. Each of the
variables was normalised with reference to the average value in the voivodeship.
Furthermore variables y/Y and z/Z will act as anti-stimulants of economic development, have
been changed into stimulants through inversion. The value of the indicator in a synthetic way
illustrates by what factor the level of development in a given commune is higher/lower from
the average value in the voivodeship.
Map 10. Synthetic indicator values of the economic potential of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
communes in 2008
source: own work based on BDR GUS, WUP, National Treasury and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Office.
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Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
The analysis of the indicator value for particular local government units indicates a
grouping of communes with its lowest value in the central-eastern part of the region. The
communes are as follows: Białogard, Tychowo, Grzmiąca, Barwice, Sławoborze and
Ostrowice, Biały Bór, BrzeŜno, Brojce and Radowo Małe. In the West of the voivodeship
significantly lower values are attained by the Kozielice, Cedynia and Mieszkowice
communes. The lowest value in the whole voivodeship was attained by the Brzezno
commune. The commune with the highest indicator value is Szczecin (2.2578), followed by
Kołobrzeg and the city of Kołobrzeg. High values were observed in the other communes from
the Szczecin municipal area: Gryfino, Kobylanka, Dobra Szczecińska, Police, Kołbaskowo,
Stargard Szczeciński. Communes outside of the metropolitan area with a high value are as
follows: Koszalin, Świnoujście and Wałcz.
The indicator may constitute a basis for planning interventions as part of the requested
by the voivodeship local government support instruments, e.g.: during the course of
implementing the Regional Operational Programme and the implementation of the territorial
contract.
3. Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship of 2020 is a region with modern and diverse
economy concentrating on science and innovations. Thanks to its beneficial location and
development of transport infrastructure, the voivodeship plays the role of important centre of
economic, cultural and scientific exchange with good communication availability.
In 2020 Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship will be a competitive region, creating
broad possibilities of development, especially for enterprising, educated and creative
individuals as well as small and medium business entities. Among characteristic features of
the voivodeship (besides strong maritime economy) there are production of goods and
services with high added value, which are competitive on national and international markets
as well as up-to-date and effective sector of farms and highly developed sector of tourist
services. It enables full use of potential of unique resources and economic branches
functioning in the region. Development of new technologies supports efficient system of
stimulating, transferring and promoting innovations and innovative attitudes. Including the
region in the international network of information, knowledge as well as scientific, economic
and cultural cooperation transfer makes the voivodeship attractive place for investors, tourists,
students, scientists and present as well as potential inhabitants.
Development of
entrepreneurship is favoured by well organized, effective and transparent public
administration, directed at constant social and economic development, by introducing, among
other things, partnership with external entities.
The region attracts new entrepreneurs thanks to easily available qualified, innovative
human resources and local societies open for changes, thanks to which it becomes one of the
most competitive areas in Poland. In Szczecin and Koszalin there are developing research and
development centres, which cooperate with companies producing high quality products,
thanks to staff constantly increasing their skills and ready for changes, with high technical and
social competences.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship takes full advantage of its location, near the border
and the sea. All types of transport in the voivodeship are integrated. After creating the Central
European Transport Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65), the region is included in the European
logistic and transport chain. There is efficient public transport, which became an alternative
for car transport. Thanks to diversification of energy sources and improvement of energy
infrastructure, energy safety in the voivodeship is ensured. Society, companies and
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Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
institutions use the Internet on a daily basis. Szczecin functions as a metropolitan area and
Koszalin is an agglomeration with well developed functions in scope of education, science,
culture, healthcare and administration.
Economic development of the region has no negative influence on the environment
thanks to up-to-date technologies and appliances. The voivodeship follows the EU standards
in scope of water and air quality as well as waste management. The region is a national leader
in production of renewable energy coming mainly from wind energy and biomass
combustion. Areas under protection with vast environmental values, including NATURE
2000 areas, develop in a balanced way. Inhabitants of the voivodeship, being aware of natural
values of their area, environmental quality and its significance for health, know how to take
care of the resources. The region, with attractive nature and landscapes, attracts many
tourists. It is also a perfect living place for its inhabitants. Tourism and environmentally
friendly agriculture are important elements of the provincial economy, basing on rational use
of natural resources.
Emphasis is put on all levels of education in the whole region and on making young
people interested in science and continuing education at technical and environmental
departments of Zachodniopomorskie universities. Entrepreneurs have free access to qualified
human resources, thanks to impact on educating adults and vocational education, including
women, senior and disabled citizens in the work market as well as mobility of potential
employees from groups and areas in danger of exclusion. Cultural offer of the region, which is
adjusted in agglomerations to the needs of consumers with the highest purchasing power
thanks to thriving art university, and in rural areas attracting youth and increasing aspirations
of adults, increases life quality in the region and its attractiveness as a location for new,
innovative enterprises.
Local governmental, self-organizing and open local communities attract new
inhabitants and are attractive places for life and self-actualization of individuals of every age.
The Western Pomerania society uses new social services, which are adjusted to the needs of
clients and which support professional as well as social roles of individuals professionally and
socially inactive until now. A threat of addictions decreases, thanks to family support and
cooperation between public institutions, non-public institutions and informal groups. Basic
and specialized high quality healthcare is available not only in agglomerations, but also for
increased population of elderly people and individuals living in areas and groups in danger of
marginalization. Local communities actively join the process of taking key decisions and act
through non-governmental organizations in favour of their area. The region is seen as an
attractive place to live in friendly natural environment and among open local communities
actively participating in local cultural and sport initiatives.
Taking into consideration the potential of the regional situation as well as constant
growth of its development possibilities, the following mission has been formed for
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship:
Creating conditions for stable and balanced development of Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship, based on competitive economy and entrepreneurship of inhabitants as well
as social activity with optimal use of existing resources.
The accepted declaration makes it possible to achieve essential compromise between
economic and social zones, which is compliant with assumptions of the social market
economy model as well as rules of protecting and maintaining existing resources and heritage
for next generations.
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Key challenges
3.1. Key challenges
When implementing a vision of development, the voivodeship has to face key
civilization, economic and cultural challenges. Their sources are both global factors and
regional conditions. Attitude towards occurring challenges and ability to cope with them will
mark the pace and direction of regional growth within next several dozen years.
New model of relations with environment
Political and social pressure will shape a new attitude towards natural environment in
the area of economy, spatial management and ways of spending free time. A voivodeship
with lots of natural resources should consider this tendency as a factor of making its offer
more attractive with simultaneous minimization of economy as well as urban development
interfering in the environment.
Demographic changes
Constant and visible decrease of the number of inhabitants as well as ageing of the
society requires shaping new, effective ways of acting in scope of forming work market and
managing the infrastructure of healthcare and education. These should be directed at adjusting
the existing infrastructure as well as methods of its exploitation to changing numbers of
inhabitants as well as at increasing the attractiveness of the region as a place to work and live.
Economic expansion of the Baltic Sea region
The Baltic Sea region will be characterized by high dynamics of effectiveness,
innovation and general economic growth. Including the voivodeship in this process and
integrating its economic potential as well as offer with transfer of products and services on the
local Baltic market has the key meaning.
Secondary urbanization and development of cities
The largest resources of entrepreneurship and purchasing power of society as well as
development potential of local governments will be connected with multidirectional urban
development. Cities will become a driving force of regions or they will function merely as
mediating elements of more effective metropolises. Forming urban, economic and social
shape of municipal organisms in a balanced way, so that they would reply to their own
development needs and development needs of the whole region is a challenge.
Technological and consumption advancement of society
Economic and social advance of bigger and bigger number of inhabitants will be
accompanied by growing role of technology in all areas of life. Methods of managing,
infrastructure and mechanisms of levelling chances should be adjusted to the new life model.
Creating the identity of the region
The region has not achieved a sufficient level of cohesion and community identity
integrating its inhabitants yet. Global changes go towards further weakening and
instrumentalisation of bonds. Shaping cultural space which is attractive for present as well as
future inhabitants, making wide development of the society is a challenge.
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Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.
4. Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy includes six strategic
objectives divided into 34 directional objectives . For particular directional objectives we
have defined actions, which do not constitute the next level of strategy structure and do not
have any indicators. Actions define ways of behaviour which are appropriate to achieve
particular objectives . The whole society of the voivodeship (not only its local governmental
institutions) forms a subject implementing such defined objectives and actions. Detailed
information concerning competence in carrying out the strategy has been included in the
table in chapter 5.5.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO 1
“IMPROVEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF
MANAGEMENT”
The adaptibility of the regional economy to changing economic conditions is a key
element of its constant development. The strategy is used to increase this ability and in
consequence to increase the economic meaning of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship on a
national scale and internationally. The supported elements will include the increase of
innovation and effectiveness of management, initiatives for intensification of cooperation
between companies and their cooperation with the world of science as well as actions for
export increase. Broad and balanced use of provincial resources will be carried out
particularly by increasing competitiveness of tourist offer and reorganization of agricultural
economy and fishing. Different economic relations of the region, connected with its location
near the Baltic Sea and near the border, will be developed by implementing integrated
maritime policy.
Increasing innovation and effectiveness of management in the region will result in
improvement of business situation as well as improvement of cohesion and economic
situation of the whole voivodeship.
DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES
1.1.
Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy
1.2.
An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national and foreign
tourist markets
1.3.
Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development
1.4.
Support for increasing export
1.5.
Integrated maritime policy
1.6.
Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing production
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO. 2
“ENHANCING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REGION”
108
Experiences from the current implementation of the strategy confirm the investment
attractiveness of the Western Pomerania. With unstable economic processes and possibilities
to transfer capital and production means, the geographic location is not a decisive factor any
more. It is essential to invest development potential in creating attractive offer persuading to
invest capital and production power in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The strategy
directs actions of the local government at increasing and strengthening investment attraction
of the region in connection with development of tools to support business and creation as well
as development of investment activity zones. The strategy to create and promote the brand of
the region is used to maintain this process and modify it, depending on occurring
circumstances. In the result Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship can actively participate in
development of the Baltic Sea region, playing more and more important part in the EU
economy.
2.1. Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment offer and
investor support
2.2.
Strengthening of business support instruments
2.3.
Creation and development of investment activity zones
2.4.
Regional brand building and promotion
“INCREASING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION”
In the reality of the contemporary world, spatial competitiveness depends primarily on
pace and character of local processes connected with forming cities. Broad development of
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship requires creation of strong urban centres, efficient
transport and infrastructural base. The key element of this process is to develop functions of
Szczecin Metropolitan Area and increase the potential of Koszalin urban agglomeration.
Cities will give impulse for the regional development and they will create its importance
outside the region. It requires expansion of infrastructure in up-to-date economy, particularly
transregional, multimodal transport networks, infrastructure of informative society as well as
energy all over the voivodeship.
Proper use of environmental values of the region will be possible thanks to the
availability increase of tourist towns as well as other valuable environmental and recreational
resources.
3.1.
Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin
3.2.
Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area
3.3.
Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks
3.4.
Support for the development of information society infrastructure
3.5.
The development of energy infrastructure
109
3.6.
Improving accessibility to areas with tourist and spa values
“MAINTAINING AND PROTECTING ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, RATIONAL
MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES”
Vast forests, basins, cultivated grounds, fauna and flora as well as other elements of
environment and landscape of Western Pomerania form one of the most valuable national
areas where nature and man coexist. In innovative and eco-minded attitude towards
development of the region their role does not come down to limitations and development
barriers. Natural environment interferes with urbanization zone; it should be its integral, often
leading element. Economic changes, which result in slowing down agricultural production
accompanied by intensification of tourist movement, are naturally connected with impact on
the environment.
The regional society, which is aware of the available resources as well as
responsibility connected with it, will develop mechanisms allowing assimilation of economic
projects with their environmental surrounding. In connection to that actions aimed at
maintaining and protecting the environment as well as improving its condition will be
connected with developing ways to use renewable sources of energy as well other innovative
undertakings with economic importance. Development of infrastructure used for
environmental protection and waste management will also be supported. Entrepreneurship and
technological progress, which result from high ecological standards, will lead to
competitiveness of the region and increased life quality of its inhabitants. Environmental
technologies will be used to carry out contemporary ecological challenges. They emit less
pollution to the environment. They also exploit natural resources in a way ensuring their
longer availability, with simultaneous increase of economic growth and competitiveness.
4.1.
An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety
4.2.
Environmental heritage protection and a rational utilisation of resources
4.3.
Increase in the share of renewable energy sources
4.4. 4.4 Development of the environmental protection and waste management
infrastructure
4.5.
Increasing the ecological awareness of the society
4.6.
Urban areas revitalization
“CREATING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY”
Ideas included in the strategy aim at creating openness and competitiveness of the
regional society, which are understood as adjusting to needs and realities of contemporary
markets of ideas, services and products. They will be followed by increase of skills and
qualifications, preparation to handle requirements of contemporary work market and active
110
participation in transfer of cultural and scientific goods as well as shaping personnel creating
innovative potential of the region. In connection to the above, the strategy of provincial
development includes actions oriented on strengthening professional activity and competence
level of its inhabitants, availability and quality of education on every level and increased
participation of the region’s inhabitants. They will be addressed to all social and age groups in
the area of the whole voivodeship, people included in educational system, students as well as
individuals who are interested in widening their general and directional knowledge.
Implementation of the strategy will result in overcoming marginalization and exclusion on the
educational offer access level. Real accomplishment of defined objectives is connected with
implementing the idea of informative society by popularising the access to information and
possibilities to use it.
One of the conditions for competitive economy based on knowledge to function is
access to human resources able to create high quality products as well as to consumers with
the highest possible purchasing power. The implementation of actions connected with the
creation of up-to-date, open society will help in shaping such environment. It will also allow
us to define new objectives and tools for their accomplishment, as a mode of functioning in
contemporary economy and culture.
5.1.
Innovative economy workforce development
5.2.
Increasing the professional activity of the population
5.3.
Development of continuing education
5.4.
Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the economy
5.5.
Creation of an information society
5.6.
Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education
“AN INCREASE IN SOCIAL IDENTITY AND COHESION OF THE REGION”
One of the tasks of local governments serving an ancillary role towards the society of
the voivodeship is creating the best possible living and working conditions of its inhabitants,
accomplishment of life plans and broad self-actualization in personal and social life.
Implementing the strategy of the provincial development in particular fields requires effective
support of individuals and groups, living activity of which creates the region’s potential.
In this perspective, supporting personal development of inhabitants, family functions
and social cohesion of the whole region is a key task of the strategy. It is aimed at
implementing the idea of fully civic society, consciously exercising the rights and duties for
the common good. Actions of the local -government are based on supporting family as a basic
social unit, ensuring the widest possible access to healthcare, education, cultural goods and
other elements of shared heritage. Such universality is displayed by preventing all signs of
exclusions and marginalization in any aspect. The strategy also concentrates on supporting
local democracy and creating widely understood identity as cultural factors determining the
feeling of bonds and mutual responsibility.
111
6.1.
Supporting the function of the family
6.2.
An improvement in the availability and quality of health care
6.3.
Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society
6.4.
Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies
6.5.
Development of cultural heritage as the foundation for regional identity
6.6.
6.6 Prevention of poverty and social marginalisation processes
Strategic objectives of Terms of Reference and corresponding directional objectives
have been written in the form of 34 charts of objectives . They also include information about
modes of financing, implementing and monitoring the Strategy.
DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION INDICATOR
ENTITY 3
VALUE 3
ENTITY 4
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAMES
2010-2015
ACTIVITY A
ACTIVITY 8
ACTIVITY C
2015-2020
INDICATOR 3
ENTITY 6
ENTITY 7
ENTITY 8
DEGREE OF INVOLVEMENT
ENTITY 2
INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION
PRIVATE AND
NON
GOVERNMENT
INITIATIVES
VALUE 2
ENTITY 5
NAT.
GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATI
ON
INDICATOR 2
ENTITY 1
COMMUNE
GOVERNMENT
VALUE 1
DISTRICT
GOVERNMENT
INDICATOR 1
SOURCES OF FINANCE
DEGREE OF INVOLVEMENT
BASE VALUE
VOIVODESHIP
GOVERNMENT
INDICATOR NAME
In the heading of each chart (red section) the following are defined: strategic and
directional objectives that the chart refers to. For each of the directional objectives a set of
indicators has been prepared (yellow section) which will be used to evaluate the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy. The blue part contains information
about the degree of involvement of individual entities in the process of financing the
implementation of directional objective to which the chart refers. The subject on the green
card are activities aimed at implementing the given objective. The time frames of the
implementation have been defined here, divided into 2010-2015 and 2015-2020, as well as the
degree of involvement of entities and institutions into implementing the activities.
112
Explanations regarding the usage of measurements and classification can be found in
subchapters: 5.4., 5.5, and 5.6.
113
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
1. AN INCREASE IN INNOVATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT
Directional objective
1.1 Increase in innovative economy
Objective implementation indicators
Sources of finance
Indicator name
Bas value
1.
Sold production of new/significantly improved goods in
industrial companies in total sold production
8,12%
Voivodeship budget
2
Rural Areas Development Programme
0
2.
Expenditures on innovative activities in companies
4825 03 000 PLN
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
3.
Share of expenditures on innovative activities in companies in
GDP of voivodeship (2007)
0,24%
Commune budget
1
OP Infrastructure and Environment
0
4.
Expenditures on innovative activities in companies per one
active employee
772,00 PLN
National budget
2
OP Innovative Economy
2
5.
Patents granted per 1 million inhabitants
19 pieces
Public-private partnership
1
Interreg IV A
0
6.
Inventions submitted per 1 million inhabitants
56 pieces
Regional Operational Programme
2
Interreg IV B
2
7.
R&D Employment per 1 thousand active professionally
3,1 EPC*
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
2
Institutions involved
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
increasing innovation awareness in companies and institutions and the creation of pro-innovation attitudes and
solutions
Y
Y
2
0
0
1
1
B.
development of the educational offer and availability of higher education in the whole of the voivodeship
Y
Y
0
0
0
2
1
C.
development of R&D base and its ties with the economy of the region together with a monitoring system and
transfer of technologies
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
1
D.
commercialisation and implementation of goods and technologies, promotion of inventions and patents
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
0
E.
development of links between companies and institutions with economic partners and scientific research centres
with an innovation potential
Y
Y
2
0
0
1
0
F.
usage of modern IT and communication technologies by companies and the creation of autonomous and
systemic safe networks and IT systems
Y
Y
2
1
0
1
0
* EPC – equivalent of full time work
114
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
1.2 Increase in competitiveness of the voivodeship in the national and foreign tourist trade
Sources of finance
Indicator name
Base value
1.
Accommodation provided at multi guest facilities in total per 10
thousand inhabitants
59 268 pieces
Voivodeship budget
2
1
2.
Accommodation for domestic tourists provided at multi guest
facilities in total per 10 thousand inhabitants
47 174 pieces
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
3.
Accommodation provided to foreign tourists at multi guest
facilities in total per 10 thousand inhabitants
12 094 pieces
Commune budget
1
1
4.
4 and 5 star hotels/motels/guest houses in hotels/motels/guest
houses total
10,48%
National budget
1
2
5.
Employment in hotels and restaurants to total employment
4,19%
1
Interreg IV A
2
6.
Mass accommodation units per 10 thousand inhabitants
49,6 pieces
2
Interreg IV B
1
7.
Accommodation usage
47,59%
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
0
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
the creation of organisational and financial conditions for the development of tourist infrastructure and its
development and the extension of the tourist season
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
B.
the development of economic links between tourism and agriculture, fishing, forestry, port economy and other
sectors based on natural resource usage
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
C.
development of branded tourist products
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
D.
identification and promotion of traditional, local and regional goods
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
E.
development of instruments for the servicing of the tourist trade, including a regional tourist information
system and advice
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
F.
promotion of the tourist offer by preparing and distributing publications, participation in national and foreign
trade shows and industry events
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
G.
development of national and international network cooperation of entities, organisations and institutions
involved in tourism development
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
H.
improvement of the state and usage of SPA base
N
Y
1
0
1
2
1
* Surveys
115
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
1.4 Support of export growth
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
The share of exports in the incomes from sales of products,
goods and services in large and medium companies in the
industrial processing sector
Value of export of goods, services and commodities from
companies with foreign capital
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
0
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
0
0
National budget
1
2
0
Interreg IV A
1
1
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
48,10%
9617,6 million PLN
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
creation and development of international economic cooperation through the monitoring and identification of
economic trends, creation and development of exporters databases
Y
N
1
0
0
2
0
B.
support of pro-export activities, including participation in events aimed at increasing knowledge and qualifications
(courses, workshops) and the establishing of new contacts (trade shows, exhibitions), organising missions, preparing and
distributing publications
Y
Y
2
0
1
1
0
116
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
1.5 Integrated maritime policies
Indicator name
1.
Containers in international freight shipping
64 932 TEU
2.
Cargo handling in sea ports total
18 789 100 tons
3.
Rolling stock in international freight shipping as to national value
42%
4.
Share of maritime entities in the total number of entities in
voivodeship
1,30%
5.
Sources of finance
Base value
Domestic and international freight shipping by inland navigation
in voivodeship
3 285 000 tons
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
2
Commune budget
0
1
National budget
2
0
0
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
1
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
integration of regional maritime policies with the economic policies of the country, European Union and the
strengthening of its position and potential
Y
Y
2
0
0
1
0
B.
development of port economy, through investments and changes organisational and legal the structure (including
the development of an external port with a LNG terminal in Świnoujście) together with an improvement in
transport accessibility to ports
Y
Y
0
0
0
2
0
C.
development of inland navigation and the significance of this sector for the servicing of ports in the Odra estuary
in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
N
Y
1
0
0
2
0
D.
restructuring of maritime companies
Y
N
1
0
1
2
0
E.
development of land-sea transport chains, implementation of modern technological and technical solutions in cargo
shipping and the shift of cargo streams from land to water
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
0
F.
development of maritime education, research and development and the reconstruction of the maritime heritage
and identity of West Pomerania
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
0
117
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
1.6 Restructuring and development of agricultural production and fishing
Indicator name
1.
Sources of finance
Base value
Global agricultural production per 1 ha of farm land
3 223 PLN
Voivodeship budget
1
2
2.
Average size of farm land at a farm
29,68 ha
District budget
1
OP Fish
2
3.
Number of producers’ groups
37 pieces
Commune budget
0
0
National budget
1
0
4.
Percentage share of the voivodeship in sea fishing
35,40%
0
Interreg IV A
1
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
1
5.
6.
Artificial fertilisers usage per 1 ha of farm land
Farm land per 1 tractor
130,1 kg
25,7 ha
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015 2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
diversification of the job market in areas with dominant agricultural production(rural areas)
Y
Y
2
1
0
1
0
B.
restructuring of agricultural and fishing activities through its widening by e.g.: tourism services
Y
Y
2
1
0
0
0
C.
implementation of new agricultural production forms, modern technologies, non-consumption crops
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
1
D.
joint undertakings of companies from the agricultural and fishing industries with scientific research units and
institutions responsible for regional development
N
Y
2
1
0
1
0
E.
development of producers groups, corporate solutions, logistical – distribution in the agricultural production
sector and networking cooperation associated with agricultural production and fishing (e.g.: clusters, societies,
associations, interest groups, local groups
Y
N
2
1
0
1
2
118
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
2. STRENGTHENING OF THE REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS
2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment offer and investor support
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Area of offered plots for investments in the local government’s
offer
Share of foreign capital in basic capital in the total entities with
foreign cap[ital
Voivodeship budget
2
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
0
National budget
1
1
0
Interreg IV A
0
1
Interreg IV B
1
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
1
4 264,913 ha
94,53%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
development and improvement of regional instruments for promotion and investor’s support
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
B.
preparation of spatial development plans taking into account the attractive and cohesive investment offer
Y
N
1
1
2
1
0
C.
preparation, evaluation, constant updating and distribution of the comprehensive investment offer dedicated to
individual sectors, locations and investors
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
0
D.
selection of pro-investment activities through linking of potential investors with local governments
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
119
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
2.2 Strengthening of business development instruments
Indicator name
1.
Value of projects implemented in the scope of entrepreneurship
support in PLN per voivodeship inhabitant *
- PLN
2.
Number of institutions of financial and non-financial business
support
- pieces
3.
Number of trained beneficiaries in support institutions in mandays
- man-days
4.
Employment in institutions of financial and non-financial business
support
- people/jobs
5.
Sources of finance
Base value
Value of loans made available to entrepreneurs by regional loan
and guarantee funds *
Voivodeship budget
2
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
0
National budget
2
2
1
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
2
- PLN
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015 2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
adjusting the offer and activities of institutions surrounding business to the needs of entrepreneurs
Y
Y
2
0
1
2
1
B.
development of pro-innovation mechanisms of financial, legal and organisational support for enterprises, including
loan, guarantee and venture-capital funds, academic and technological incubators
Y
N
1
0
0
2
1
* Surveys
** To be completed
120
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
2.3 Development and creation of investment activity zones
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Value of investments in investment activity zones **
Area of plots with utilities infrastructure in investment activity
zones **
Employment in investment activity zones ** against
professionally active
3.
4.
Number of entities in investment activity zones **
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
1
2
1
Interreg IV A
1
1
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
- PLN
- ha
- people
- pieces
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
development of conditions for locating investments through the creation and development of infrastructure in
investment activity zones, including access roads
Y
Y
2
0
0
1
0
B.
promotion of investment activity zones and active seeking of investors
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
*Zone of investment activity is a segregated and purposefully developed area, the main function of which is making land or buildings available for companies to carry out
business activities. Investment activity zones are for example: Industrial Parks, Science and Technology Parks, Special Economic Zones
** Surveys
121
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
2.4 Development and promotion of the regional brand
Indicator name
1.
Expenditures on promotion by the voivodeship government per
resident
2.
Recognisability of the regional brand
3.
Sources of finance
Base value
Number of local/regional and traditional products
- PLN
Voivodeship budget
2
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
1
National budget
0
1
0
Interreg IV A
1
1
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
–%
- pieces
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
building and implementation of the voivodeship brand in individual aspects of public life – economy, culture,
tourism, social interactions
Y
Y
2
0
0
0
0
B.
cooperation of public, economic and social partners in the process of building and promoting the brand
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
* Surveys
122
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
3. IMPROVING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION
3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Working in the Szczecin Metropolitan Zone * against working
total in the voivodeship
Incomes declared on PIT and CIT per capita in SMZ
3.
Number of SMZ inhabitants per 1 cultural establishment
(libraries, cinemas, museums)
4.
SMZ demographic potential (share of SMZ inhabitants in the
voivodeship inhabitants)
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
2
National budget
1
0
0
Interreg IV A
2
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
49,65%
23 216,40 PLN
6 645,33 people
39,59%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
development of Szczecin Metropolitan Zone (SMZ) taking into consideration the potential, needs and roles of
individual communes and its trans-border, regional and pan-regional influence
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
0
B.
undertaking common investment enterprises and networks of local government cooperation within SMZ
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
0
C.
development and widening of educational, scientific, cultural, health care, administrative and services of higher
order establishments in SMZ
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
1
D.
inclusion of the metropolitan area in the international network of cooperation with other European
metropolises, in particular those of Baltic States
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
E.
improvement of transport and communication solutions in SMZ including the construction of a Western Ring
Road for Szczecin
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
0
* The Szczecin Metropolitan Area is understood to be the following communes: Szczecin, Świnoujście, Kobylanka, Goleniów, Gryfino, Stare Czarnowo, Dobra
(Szczecińska), Kołbaskowo, Nowe Warpno, Police, Miasto Stargard Szczeciński, Gmina Stargard Szczeciński
123
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
3.2 The development of the Koszalin municipal agglomeration
Sources of finance
Base value
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
4.
Working in the agglomeration * to those working in the
voivodeship
Incomes declared on PIT and CIT per capita in the
agglomeration
Number of agglomeration inhabitants per 1 cultural
establishment (libraries, cinemas, museums)
Demographic potential of the agglomeration
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
2
National budget
1
0
0
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
1
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
10,99%
20 240,65 PLN
3 822,05 people
9,03%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
spatial development of the Koszalin agglomeration aimed at making use of the attributes of the sea proximity
and the development of tourist infrastructure
Y
Y
1
2
1
0
0
B.
planning and programming of the scientific, cultural development potential in the region and the creation of
institutions and networks of cooperation of pan regional significance
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
0
C.
the development of industry, entrepreneurship and the socio-economic potential
Y
Y
1
2
1
0
1
D.
modernisation and development of the communication system and linking network, and in particular the
national roads 6 and 11
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
* The municipal agglomeration Koszalin is understood to be the communes of: Bedzin, Biesiekierz, Manowo, Mielno, Sianów, Świeszyno
124
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
3.3 The development of pan regional, multi-modal transport networks
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
0
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
0
2
National budget
2
0
0
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
49,8 km
National roads and motorways
National roads and motorways as a proportion of all public roads
0,28%
3.
Passenger traffic in airports, total
298 917 people
4.
International passenger traffic in sea ports, total
970 512 people
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
development of the Central European Transport Corridor CETC-ROUTE65 axis and the creation of multi-modal
logistical-transport chains in a European setting
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
B.
improvement of the communication links between Szczecin and Koszalin, as well as those cities and the rest of the
country
Y
N
1
1
0
2
0
C.
intermodal transport development and nodal networks of regional links, logistics centres and container terminals
Y
Y
1
1
0
2
0
D.
The building and modernisation of road infrastructure of the more important national roads (road no 3. 6. 10. 11),
construction of city ring roads including Szczecin, Koszalin, Wałcz, Szczecinek, Kołobrzeg, Nowogard, Płotów,
Recz, Kalisz Pomorski, Mirosławiec
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
0
E.
development of ex army aviation structures and the integration of aviation infrastructure with the national road
and rail road network.
N
Y
1
1
2
1
0
F.
modernisation of rail road infrastructure in the region and its integration with regional and national transport
systems
Y
Y
2
0
0
1
0
G.
modernisation and development of water transport and the increase in the share of ports, water ways
infrastructure and inland fleet in the regional and national logistical – transport market, improvement in the
navigability of the Odra water Way
N
Y
1
0
0
2
0
125
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
Sources of finance
Base value
Total logical length * of fibre optic internet connection
Dwellings with access to the internet
Companies employing in excess of 10 people with broadband
internet access
11 356 km
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
1
National budget
1
2
0
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
2
46,40%
57,40%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
development of IT networks infrastructure, including fibre optic networks, areas of wireless internet access,
intranet networks, broadband networks cooperating with regional and national backbone networks
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
B.
computerisation of schools, health service, cultural and local government institutions
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
C.
creation and development of applications and IT systems supporting the work of local governments and the
servicing of customers (e.g. electronic documents submissions, a monitoring system for regional development,
digital data gathering and processing
Y
Y
2
1
0
1
1
D.
development of IT systems and public internet access points ensuring ease of access to information, including job
vacancies, public information, economic , tourist and cultural offer and the gaining of external partners for
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
E.
implementation of IT monitoring systems for important events and dangers, including public safety, roar traffic,
environmental condition
Y
Y
0
0
0
2
0
F.
improvement in IT safety of individuals and institutions
Y
Y
0
0
0
2
0
A.
* Logiczna długość łącza oznacza długość odcinka prostego pomiędzy połączonymi punktami A i B a nie rzeczywistą długość topologii łącza
* The logical length means the distance in a straight line between two connected points A and A and not the actual topological length of the link
126
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
3.5 Energy infrastructure development
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
4.
Base value
Electricity consumption in total per 1 inhabitant
Gas from the grid consumption per 1 inhabitant
Electricity consumption in industry
Capacity of electricity and heat generation
Voivodeship budget
0
0
District budget
0
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
2
National budget
2
1
1
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
1
3 254,66 kWh
644,9 m3
1 438 GWh
2 529,2 MW
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015 2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
construction and development of energy generating units with the use of high efficiency and low emission
technologies, limiting the negative environmental effects for the cogeneration of electricity and heat
Y
Y
0
0
1
2
1
B.
improvement of reliability and transport capacity of the national grid in the region by modernising the existing
and construction of new networks, replacement of transformers and integration with external markets
Y
Y
0
0
0
1
2
C.
development of decentralised energy systems
N
Y
1
0
1
2
1
D.
the construction of LNG terminal in Świnoujście and an increase in the transport capacity of gas systems
Y
N
0
0
0
2
1
127
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
3.6 Improving the accessibility of areas with tourist and SPA attributes
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
Sources of finance
Base value
Public roads in total per 100 sq. km. of the voivodeship
Rail roads in use per 100 sq. km. of voivodeship area
78,4 km
1
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
1
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
1
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
5,3 km
83 500 km
Length of regular bus routes
Voivodeship budget
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
implementation of road investments and modernisation of existing road infrastructure significant for the
improvement of communication with SPA and tourist areas and towns
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
0
B.
development of rail road links including narrow gauge railways, improving accessibility to tourist and SPA
areas
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
128
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RATIONAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
4.1 Improvement of the quality of environment and ecological safety
Indicator name
1.
Dust pollution emitted into the atmosphere per sq. km. of the
voivodeship
221,08 kg/sq. km.
2.
Gas pollution emitted into the atmosphere per sq. km. of the
voivodeship
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sources of finance
Base value
Voivodeship budget
2
2
412,15 ton/sq. km.
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Degraded and desolated soils requiring recultivating
2 993 ha
Commune budget
1
2
National budget
1
0
Length of sewage network compared to the water network
57,34%
0
Interreg IV A
1
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
Inhabitants using sewage treatment
Environmental protection expenditure per 1 inhabitant
60,07%
264,71 PLN
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
achieving and maintaining a good quality of water through the elimination of pollutants in surface waters like
dangerous substances from industrial, communal and agricultural sources
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
0
B.
protection of the coastline and belt of the Baltic Sea and Zalew Szczeciński
Y
Y
0
0
0
2
0
C.
limiting pollution, noise and greenhouse gas emissions from communal, communication and industrial sources
Y
Y
0
0
2
1
0
D.
protection of soils against the negative impact of agriculture and other forms of business activity
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
0
E.
comprehensive waste management including the elimination of pesticide burial sites and dangerous materials (e.g.
asbestos, PCB)
Y
N
2
1
1
1
0
F.
cooperation with German border lands as far as transborder polluting is concerned
Y
Y
2
0
1
1
0
G.
development of research in the priority aspects for environmental technologies as defined by the European
Commission (water protection, air protection and prevention of climate changes, sustainable production and
consumption
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
0
H.
cooperation of scientific entities, research centres and economic entities in the scope of creating and implementing
new environmental solutions including energy consumption, waste recycling and utilisation, reducing energy
requirements of production
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
0
129
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
MANAGEMENT
4.2 Protection of natural heritage and the rational usage of resources
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Area of the voivodeship with natural attributes, protected under
the law
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
1
Commune budget
1
1
National budget
1
0
0
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
1
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
2
21,50%
5 393,6 ha
Annual reforestation
3.
Natural monuments in total
4.
Water consumption by the national economy and population in
total per 1 inhabitant
2 596 pieces
996,2 m3
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
re-introduction of endangered plant and animal species
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
1
B.
creation of cohesive forest complexes, in particular in ecological areas and watersheds
Y
Y
0
0
0
2
0
C.
rational mineral resource management and water consumption, as well as ensuring sustainability with usage
and replenishment of underground water
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
0
D.
rational management of healing waters and the areas where they occur
Y
Y
0
1
1
2
1
130
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
MANAGEMENT
4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy sources
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
Base value
Share of energy generation from renewable sources of total
energy generation
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
0
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
2
National budget
1
0
2
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
2
6%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
information and promotional activities for the usage of renewable energy sources
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
B.
spatial economy management taking into account renewable energy sources
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
0
C.
development of economic entities for the usage of renewable energy sources and their cooperation with
educational institutional and local governments
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
0
D.
use of renewable energy sources id residential dwellings
N
Y
1
1
1
2
1
131
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
MANAGEMENT
4.4 Environmental protection and waste management infrastructure development
Indicator name
Base value
Sources of finance
1.
Industrial and communal treated sewage
93,63%
2.
Dust air pollution retained in pollution cleaning systems
99,40%
3.
Gas air pollution retained in pollution cleaning systems
43,80%
4.
Industrial and communal sewage pumped to ground waters or
ground requiring treating per 1 inhabitant
140,57 m3
5.
Collected communal waste deposed at land fill sites per 1
inhabitant
295,19 kg
6.
Capacity of sewage treatment plants with high bioplasm
reduction according to plans per 1 inhabitant
0,1727 m3/24h
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
2
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
1
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
2
Time frames
2010-2015 2015-2020
Activities
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
development and modernisation of sewage networks, treatment plants and water supply systems
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
B.
development and modernisation of anti flood and anti draught infrastructure systems (retention structures,
dykes)
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
C.
implementation of segregated waste collection and waste recycling as well as hazardous waste utilisation,
including medical and veterinary
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
D.
construction of installations for communal waste heat treatment including in Szczecin and Koszalin
Y
N
1
1
2
0
1
132
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
MANAGEMENT
4.5 Increasing the environmental awareness of the society
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
Base value
Share of segregated waste collected in total communal waste
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
1
OP Fish
1
Commune budget
1
2
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
0
Interreg IV B
1
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
1
6,65%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
ecological education including that addressed to children and teenagers
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
B.
development of systems providing information regarding the environment, including internet facilities
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
C.
promotion of pro ecological social and consumer values
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
133
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
MANAGEMENT
4.6 Revitalization of urban areas
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
Base value
The number of local government and private enterprises aimed
at revitalization of urban areas*
Voivodeship budget
2
0
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
1
National budget
1
0
2
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
2
OP Human Capital
0
Interreg IV C
0
28 pieces (2004 –
2008)
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
spatial planning taking into consideration revitalization needs
Y
Y
1
0
2
0
0
B.
locating new investment projects in the first place in urban areas and earmarked for revitalization
Y
Y
0
1
2
0
1
C.
renovation, revaluation and adoption of post industrial and ex military structures and their adaption for
cultural, sport and recreational, educational, trade and service, office and residential use
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
D.
revitalization, reconstruction old town urban solutions
Y
Y
1
0
2
0
1
E.
improving the standard of dwellings in desolated areas
Y
Y
0
0
2
0
1
* Surveys
134
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY
5.1 Workforce development for an innovative economy
Sources of finance
Base value
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
4.
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
0
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
0
0
National budget
1
2
1
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
1
1 946,5 EPC*
Employment in R&D
Scientific and technological faculties students per 10 thousand
inhabitants
119,31 people
16 873 people
Masters Degree graduates
PhD students as a proportion of Masters students
5,56%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
creation of instruments for the identification and selection of educational and professional paths starting at the
gimnasium level
Y
N
2
1
1
0
1
B.
improving the attractiveness and availability of schooling at all levels and in particular of maths, natural
sciences, and technical subjects including the support of on demand education, creation of grant schemes
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
Y
Y
1
2
0
0
0
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
1
D.
strengthening of adaption potential of workforce in companies through the implementation of new solutions in
work organisation and scope, promotion and raising the level of professional qualifications, social responsibility
of business
improving the skill sets of R&D facilities workforce in the scope of commercialisation of research work e.g.:
grants for PhD students
E.
promotion and the support of work placements and experience amongst companies and universities
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
1
F.
establishing innovative companies by scientists (spin-offs) and university graduates
Y
Y
1
0
0
1
2
C.
* EPC – equivalent of full time work
135
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
5.2 Increasing professional activity of the population
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
0
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
45,60%
Employment indicator
Unemployment rate according to BAEL
9,60%
3.
Newly employed indicator *
27,30%
4.
Professional activity of the population indicator
50,40%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
ensuring equal opportunities on the job market and increasing access to information about it (e.g.: courses, advice,
information campaigns, social economics institutions)
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
1
B.
establishments and creation of dialogue and a coordinated system of cooperation and information exchange
between public employment services, job market institutions, employers and other organisations on the regional
and local level
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
C.
distributions and promotion of alternative and flexible forms of employment and organisational work methods and
its time frames, including tele-work, shift work, post sharing, child care
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
1
D.
increasing the geographic mobility of unemployed
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
1
E.
professional activation of people in the immobile age and extension of professional activity of elderly people
Y
Y
1
2
1
1
1
F.
development of voluntary work as a stage of preparation for employment
Y
Y
1
2
1
0
2
* The number of new employees decreased by those returning to work from parental and unpaid leave to the number of those in employment s of the 31st of December the
previous year
136
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
5.3 Development of continuing education
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Indicator of continuing education
Post graduate students to people professionally active
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
0
National budget
1
0
0
Interreg IV A
0
1
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
5,50%
0,91%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
increasing awareness of the need to improve qualifications
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
B.
development of a system of courses and professions qualifications by specialist courses, training, advice,
practical’s and supplementary studies, post graduate and PhD’s as well as study tours
Y
Y
1
2
0
1
1
C.
widening and adjusting the educational offer to the needs of the job market, activation of older people, reducing
exclusions by higher education institutions, school for adults, continuing education institutions and professional
training
Y
Y
2
1
0
1
0
D.
development of work force for continuing education
Y
Y
2
1
0
1
0
137
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
5.4 Development of vocational education according to the needs of the economy
Indicator name
Indicator of employment according to level of education (basic
vocational)
58,70%
2.
Indicator of employment according to level of education (college
and vocational)
3.
1.
Sources of finance
Base value
Voivodeship budget
1
1
56,50%
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Enrolment in high and vocational schools
28,14%
Commune budget
0
0
National budget
2
0
4.
Enrolment in basic and vocational schools
13,44%
0
Interreg IV A
0
5.
Degree of satiation of the needs of the job market in various
education directions
–%
2
Interreg IV B
0
Trader and master trader exams
- pieces
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
6.
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
creation and implementation of an identification system of the directions of vocations education in accordance
with the needs of the regional economy
Y
N
2
1
0
0
1
B.
adjustment of the educational offer to meet the needs of the regional job market through cooperation with
employers and job market institutions, improving the quality of work placements and experience
Y
Y
1
2
0
0
1
C.
creation of strong, specialised vocational training centres
Y
N
2
1
1
0
0
D.
development of additional after schools and non academic lessons aimed at developing skill sets necessary with
special attention to IT, foreign languages, entrepreneurship, mathematics and natural sciences
Y
Y
0
2
1
1
1
E.
implementation of informal qualification assurance programmes
Y
N
0
0
0
2
0
* Surveys
138
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
5.5 Developing an information society
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
4.
Base value
Number of pupils per one computer connected to the internet
and for the use of pupils
Voivodeship budget
1
0
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
1
0
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
2
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
1
10,99 people
54,80%
Companies with a web site
Companies using the internet in to contact public administration
Number of mobile phones per 1 thousand inhabitants
60,70%
- pieces
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
general IT and communication education at all levels of education and in relation to all population groups,
breaking of stereotypes and habits in this aspect
Y
Y
1
2
1
0
1
B.
implementing mechanism for electronic document transfer, common web sites of services and institutions and
alternative procedures and solutions implemented by public, economic and social partners
Y
N
1
0
0
2
0
C.
implementation of a system of general access to courses facilitating obtaining basic knowledge in the sue of a
computer and internet for those out of work
Y
N
1
2
1
0
1
D.
development of e-services, e-trade and other activities using advanced It technologies
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
E.
increase in the availability of IT in residential dwellings, particularly in rural areas
Y
Y
1
0
1
1
2
139
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
5.6 Improving the availability and participation in preschool education
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
Sources of finance
Base value
Children at preschools per 1 thousand children between 3-5
years old
Number of children between 3-5 years old per one preschool
establishment
Number of children between 3-5 years old per one preschool
place
474 people
Voivodeship budget
0
1
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
0
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
170,24 people
1.64 people
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
establishing preschools and the extension of preschool educational offer in particular in rural areas
Y
Y
0
1
2
0
1
B.
cooperation of local government with social and economic partners in creation and development of preschools
Y
Y
0
1
2
0
1
C.
improving the qualifications of preschool staff and increasing the staff numbers, in particular in rural areas
Y
Y
0
1
2
0
1
140
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION
6.1 Support of the family unit
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
4.
Base value
Family population receiving social benefits to whole population
Children at nurseries per 1 thousand children up to 3 years old
Members of multi-children families receiving help
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
11,86%
34 people
36 427 people
2 450 families
Foster families
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
support for families in a difficult financial situation, marginalised, multi children families, foster, broken and
endangered
Y
Y
0
1
2
0
1
B.
support and the promotion of solutions facilitating the implementation of the family function together with
having a job
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
C.
education and promotion forming the family and parental values and a positive image of the family
Y
Y
0
0
1
2
1
D.
implementation of support programmes for pregnant women and those with small children
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
E.
integration of activities regarding functioning of the family (social assistance, health care, education, culture)
with the cooperation of social partners
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
141
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
6.2 Improvement of quality and availability of health care
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
3.
4.
Base value
Infant mortality rate per 1 thousand live births
Average life span of women who are 60 years old
Average life span of men who are 60 years old
Beds in general hospitals per 10 000 inhabitants
Voivodeship budget
2
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
2
0
0
Interreg IV A
0
1
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
0
5,1 people
22.8 years
17,4 years
47,1 pieces
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
ensuring high quality and availability of health care (including improving the technical equipment) in the scope
of basic health care specialist emergency health care and SPA’s
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
B.
reorganisation of medical emergency teams
Y
N
2
1
0
1
0
C.
transformation of ownership structure f health acre facilities
Y
N
1
1
0
2
1
D.
improving the educational level of medical personnel and their education in prevention, promotion and health
education
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
E.
adjusting health care to the growing number of elderly people, enriching the forms of assistance to elderly,
development of long term treatments and psychiatric help
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
F.
promotion of a healthy life style
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
1
142
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
6.3 The support of local democracy and a civil society
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Local government election frequency (round I)
3 117 pieces
Number of NGO’s
Voivodeship budget
1
1
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
1
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
0
46% (2006)
3.
Risk indicator per 10 000 inhabitants according to 7 popular
crimes
156,41 crimes
4.
Joint expenditure of districts and communes on public safety and
fire protection per one inhabitants
91,83 PLN
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
development of partnerships and agreements, activation of institutions and the regions society and the
implementation of projects for the development of local democracy and civil society and improvement of the
quality and security of inhabitants' lives
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
B.
strengthening of the share of society in the accessibility to public information, decision making of local and
regional importance, voting rights, participation in NGO’s
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
C.
support for NGO’s and other forms of public activity
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
D.
improvement in public safety and reduction of risks in particular in the public domain, including through the
creation of safe Public spaces
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
E.
developing of social responsibility in business
Y
Y
1
1
1
1
2
* Klon/Jawor Society data
143
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
6.4 Improvement of identity and integration of local community
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
Base value
2.
Number of people per cultural institution in rural areas
3.
Initiatives and events improving locate identity
4.
Voivodeship budget
2
1
District budget
1
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
0
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
1
Interreg IV C
0
–%
Local identity indicator
1 671,98 people
346 pieces
- people
Members of sports clubs
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
defining and cultivation of element and attributes of locate identity
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
B.
promoting in external relations the elements of regional identity
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
C.
implementation of undertakings of a cultural , educational, sport and tourist character and the strengthening
of social identity of the region with cooperation from social institutions and partners
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
D.
development of neighbours self-help groups
Y
Y
0
1
1
0
2
E.
overcoming of limitation in social integration associated with multigenerational, cultural, birth place, disability
and other differences
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
* Surveys
144
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
6.5 Development of cultural heritage as a basis for regional identity
Indicator name
1.
Spectators and listeners in theatres, musical institutional per
1 000 inhabitants
282,1 people
2.
Library users per 1 000 inhabitants
164 people
3.
Expenditure of local governments on art and culture in total per
1 inhabitant
135,33 PLN
4.
Cinema goers per 1 000 inhabitants
819 people
5.
Sources of finance
Base value
427 pieces (2007)
Cultural centres
Voivodeship budget
2
1
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
1
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
popularising of culture and promotion of active participation in culture including the support of institutional,
widening the cultural offer, event organising, educational activities
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
B.
support of local arts
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
1
C.
protection of historic places and places of remembrance
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
D.
development of cultural infrastructure
Y
Y
1
1
2
1
1
E.
widening of archives, museum and library collections
Y
Y
1
1
1
2
0
F.
coordinating and integration of the regional cultural offer
Y
Y
2
1
1
0
1
145
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
6.6 Prevention of poverty and the processes of social marginalisation
Sources of finance
Indicator name
1.
2.
Base value
Percentage of people in danger of relative poverty after
adjustment in incomes of social transfers
Using social benefits per 10 000 inhabitants
Voivodeship budget
2
2
District budget
2
OP Fish
0
Commune budget
2
0
National budget
1
0
1
Interreg IV A
0
0
Interreg IV B
0
OP Human Capital
2
Interreg IV C
0
16%
656,9 people
3.
Employment of disabled people
13,60%
4.
Share of people in the 18-59 age group in dwellings without
working people
15,40%
Time frames
Activities
2010-2015
2015-2020
Voivodeship
government
District
government
Commune
government
National
government
admin.
Private and
non
government
A.
prevention of the processes of social marginalisation
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
B.
bottom-up initiatives to prevent poverty
Y
Y
1
1
2
0
0
C.
partnership activities to assist social integration
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
D.
development of social economy instruments
Y
Y
1
0
0
2
1
E.
development of assistance and social integration staff
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
F.
implementation of training and forms of dialogue addressed to people and institutions regarding domestic
violence and its associated occurrences
Y
Y
2
1
1
1
1
146
Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development
Strategy
5. Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development
Strategy
5.1. Instruments used to implement the Strategy
In accordance with the Act of 5 June 1998 of the local government of the voivodeship,
the strategy of the provincial development is carried out by voivodeship programmes and
regional operational programme.
5.1.1. Strategies and voivodeship’s programmes
The currently functioning programme documents of the voivodeship concern
particular areas of social and economic life. They are generally mid-term with time limit of
2015:
Social aid and social cooperation
− Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Strategy in scope of social policy until 2015
− Regional programme of actions for disabled individuals in years 2007-2015
− Regional programme of counteracting addiction for years 2006-2015
− Programme of counteracting violence in family in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
since 2007 until updated
Healthcare
−
−
−
−
−
−
Sector strategy in scope of healthcare in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years
2001-2015.
Healthcare strategy in scope of neonatology and paediatrics in Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship for years 2007-2013
Healthcare development directions in scope of obstetrics and gynaecology in
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2013
Healthcare development directions in scope of general surgery in Zachodniopomorskie
Healthcare development directions in scope of internal medicine in
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2013
Tasks of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Local government in scope of
prophylactics and health promotion to be carried out for years 2005-2015
Culture, education and sport
− Directions of actions taken by Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in scope of culture and
protection of its goods until the end of 2020
− Directions of actions taken by Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in scope of medical
education and educating personnel for social services until 2010
− Continual education of teachers in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2011
Environmental protection
−
Environmental Protection Programme for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years
2008-2011
−
Waste Management Plan for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2003-2015
147
Strategy
−
Strategy of Agriculture and Rural Areas Development for Zachodniopomorskie
−
Development strategy of maritime economy for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
until 2015
Development of agriculture and rural areas
−
Strategy of Agriculture and Development of Rural Areas for Zachodniopomorskie
−
Sector Operational Programme “Reorganization and modernization of food sector and
development of rural areas 2004-2006”
−
Rural Areas Development Programme for years 2007-2013
−
National Strategic Plan for Rural Areas Development for years 2007-2013
Infrastructure and transport
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Assumptions for Programme of renewable energy based on renewable resources of
energy, water and wind for years 2008-2015
Transport Sector Development Strategy of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until
2015
Priorities of social and economic policy of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for
years 2009-2010
Area Development Plan of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Development Strategy of Maritime Economy for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
until 2015
Environmental Protection Programme for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years
2008-2011 with 2012-2015 perspective taken into account
Strategy of agriculture and rural areas development of Zachodniopomorskie
Tourism, economy and promotion
−
−
Tourism Development Strategy in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2015
Programme of infrastructural development concerning ports and marinas of
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the region of the Oder River, Szczecin Lagoon and
the Baltic Sea coast for years 2008-2013. The document was prepared in order to apply
for funds from the Regional Operational Programme Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
2007-2013 within axis 5 – Tourism, culture, revitalization
Innovation
−
Regional Strategy of Innovation for years 2006-2015
5.1.2. Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
The Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years
2007-2013 is a tool for implementation of objectives included in the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship Development Strategy until 2020 as well as National Strategic Reference Frames
and Strategic Guidelines of the Communefor years 2007-2013. It is a mid-term strategic
document defining priorities and areas of usage as well as a system of implementing EU funds
148
Strategy
– the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in
years 2007-2013.
The main objective of the Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship is developing the voivodeship by increasing economic competitiveness, spatial
cohesion and life quality of its inhabitants.
This objective will be achieved after accomplishing the following specific objectives:
1. Increase of innovation and effectiveness of management;
2. Improvement of investment attractiveness and territorial cohesion of the voivodeship;
3. Improvement of life quality through maintenance and protection of natural environment as
well as increase of social base of the voivodeship.
Priority areas of the Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
define the following priority axes which have been created for the programme:
- Priority axis 1. Economy – Innovations – Technologies;
- Priority axis 2. Development of transport and energy infrastructure;
- Priority axis 3. Development of informative society;
- Priority axis 4. Infrastructure of environmental protection;
- Priority axis 5. Tourism, culture and revitalization;
- Priority axis 6. Development of metropolitan functions;
- Priority axis 7. Development of social infrastructure and healthcare;
- Priority axis 8. Technical help.
The strategy will form the basis for creating a regional operational programme in a
new programming period.
5.1.3. Long-term Investment Programme
Long-term Investment Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years
2007-2013 has been approved by the act of the Regional Council of the Voivodeship by virtue
of the Statute of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship as well as the act of 5 June 1998
concerning the local government of the voivodeship.
Long-term Investment Programme includes a list of the most important task projects
as well as investment undertakings carried out in the area of the voivodeship, implementation
time of which is longer than one year and which are financed fully or partially by the budget
of the local government of the voivodeship, in accordance with the regulations of the public
finance act.
Tasks included in the programme can be divided into some basic groups. These are:
−
investments possible to be co-financed with EU funds – projects carried out with
the support of funds of the European Regional Development Fund (Regional Operational
Programme for years 2007-2013 will be the basis of using ERDF funds)
−
investments possible to be co-financed with foreign funds other than EU funds –
projects carried out with the use of funds from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism and
the Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area.
−
investments possible to be co-financed within private and public partnership
−
long-term investments, continued, delivery date of which results from long
accomplishment cycle
149
Strategy
−
own investments – projects in implementation phase and planned projects,
resulting from strategic decisions of the Local government of the Voivodeship
5.1.4. Territorial contract
The territorial contract which will substitute current provincial contracts is an
instrument of regional policy implementation designed within the National Regional
Development Strategy. It includes undertakings, the implementation of which is essential
from the point of view of regional policy conducted by the government as well as
development policy conducted by the local government of the voivodeship. The contract is
concluded between the government, represented by the appropriate regional development
minister and the local government of the voivodeship for minimum 3 years.
The appropriate regional development minister will present an offer of strategic
intervention areas being a subject of support within guidance (two subject areas and two types
of spatially defined areas). The offer will be consulted with departments competent in given
subject areas as well as with local governments taking part in the guidance. Basing on the
accepted strategic intervention area proposal, the guidance participants both on the
governmental side and local governmental side will prepare a list of priority undertakings
geared towards task accomplishment in certain spatially defined areas, e.g. urban areas in
scope limited by selected subject areas, e.g. research and development as well as energy
infrastructure. Priority undertakings negotiated and included in the territorial contract can be
financed with funds from different sources and can remain at disposal of different
administrators: national funds (state budget, budget of territorial local governmental units,
target funds, private capital), foreign funds (EU budget, funds of international financial
institutions). Transferring funds for the implementation of the Contract depends on achieving
indicators assumed during implementation.
5.2. Cohesion of Development Strategy of Voivodeship with national strategic
documents.
When creating the Development Strategy of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the
criterion of compliance with strategic documents of higher order was used. They defined
directions, trends, challenges and scenarios of social and economic development of the state,
with rules of sustained development taken into consideration. The Strategy includes primarily
the regulations of the National Development Strategy, National Regional Development
Strategy 2010-2020: Regions, Cities, Rural Areas as well as National Strategic Reference
Frameworks (National Cohesion Strategy).
5.2.1. National Development Strategy
The National Development Strategy is a basic strategic document defining objectives
and priorities of social and economic development of Poland as well as conditions which
should ensure such development. The strategy sets objectives and identifies areas treated as
the most important from the point of view of achieving the objectives , on which the state will
concentrate its actions. It also takes into consideration the most important development trends
of global economy and objectives , placed by the European Union in the updated Lisbon
Strategy. NDS gives priority to actions which will be undertaken in years 2007-2015 in order
150
Strategy
to carry out the vision of Poland. The National Development Strategy is a long-term strategic
document of social and economic development of the state and it forms a reference to other
governmental strategies and programmes as well as those prepared by territorial local
governmental units. NDS is a basic assumption for the National Cohesion Strategy (of
National Strategic Reference Frameworks), National Strategic Plan for Rural Areas and
Fishing Development Strategy as well as operational programmes resulting from them. Time
limit of the Strategy coincides with the period of a new EU financial perspective for years
2007- 2013 (together with using the n+2 rule of expending funds)
The main objective of the National Development Strategy is to increase the quality of
life for Polish inhabitants: particular citizens and their families. In order to achieve it, the
following priorities will be used to define the most important directions and actions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Increase of competitiveness and economic innovation
Improvement of condition of technical and social infrastructure
Increase of employment and its quality
Creation of integrated social community and its safety
Development of rural areas
Regional development and increase of territorial cohesion
Referring objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to
the priorities of the National Development Strategy has been included in appendix 2.
5.2.2. National Regional Development Strategy 2010-2020
The National Regional Development Strategy 2010-2020: Regions, Cities, Rural Areas
defines objectives and ways of acting for public entities, particularly the government as well
as local governments of the voivodeship, in order to achieve strategic objectives of the state
development. The document sets objectives of regional policy for cities and rural areas. It
also defines their relations in reference to other public policies with visible territorial
direction.
The strategic objective of the regional policy in the NRDS perspective is an effective
use of specific regional and territorial development potentials to achieve objectives of state
development –employment increase and cohesion in long-term perspective.
NRDS defines three specific objectives:
1. Supporting the increase of regional competitiveness
2. Creating territorial cohesion and counteracting marginalization processes in problem
areas
3. Creating conditions for effective and partnership accomplishment of development
actions directed at territories.
The arrangement of NRDS objectives is compliant with basic areas of NRDS
influence until 2020 and it creates a triad: competitiveness-cohesion-efficiency, based on
assumptions of reshaping ways of thinking about the role of regional policy and its
realization. Accomplishment of such specified objectives will allow concentration on
potentials, and not development barriers, by strengthening regional competitiveness and their
growth processes. Objectives aim at achieving positive changes which increase regional and
state competitiveness as well as decrease disproportions in development possibilities inside
regions and between them.
151
Strategy
Reference of objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development
Strategy to objectives of regional policy of the National Development Strategy has been
included in appendix 3.
5.2.3. National Strategic Reference Frameworks
The National Strategic Reference Frameworks (National Cohesion Strategy) is a
governmental strategic document specifying priorities and areas of use as well as the EU
funds implementation system for years 2007-2013: European Regional Development Fund,
European Social Fund and Cohesion Fund. NSRF is a reference instrument used to prepare
operational programmes with regulations of the National Development Strategy for years
2007-2015 taken into consideration.
The strategic objective of the National Cohesion Strategy is: creating conditions for
Polish economy competitiveness growth based on knowledge and entrepreneurship ensuring
employment increase as well as higher social, economic and spatial cohesion.
This objective has been formulated in reference to the European cohesion policy –
funds expended within NSRF will ensure the increase of social and economic cohesion of
Poland and its regions in respect of the EU average through structural reforms and
concentration of expenses in areas with decisive importance for accelerating the economic
growth and increasing employment.
The strategic objective will be achieved after implementing these horizontal specified
objectives:
1. Improvement of public institution functioning quality and expanding partnership
mechanisms
2. Improvement of human capital quality and increase of social cohesion
3. Creation and modernization of technical and social infrastructure with basic
importance for the competitiveness increase in Poland
4. Increase of competitiveness and innovation of entrepreneurships, particularly
production sector with high added value and service sector development
5. Increase of Polish regional competitiveness and counteracting social, economic and
spatial marginalization
6. Levelling development chances and supporting structural changes in rural areas
Such arrangement of horizontal objectives reflects main directions of cohesion policy
concentration in order to achieve the strategic goal. Objectives of the National Cohesion
Strategy will be achieved with the help of operational programmes managed by the Regional
Development Ministry, regional operational programmes managed by voivodeships and
project co-financed with structural instruments.
Reference of objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy
to horizontal detailed objectives of the National Strategic Reference Frameworks (NSS) has
been included in appendix 4.
5.3. Strategy and area development plan of the voivodeship
152
Strategy
The area development plan of the voivodeship is a second basic document, besides
development strategy, passed by the Regional Council of the Voivodeship. It decides about
the regional development. The area development plan forms a transfer of strategic regulations
into the field of area development. It also creates conditions to carry out investment intentions
outside the municipal territory.
The area development plan of the voivodeship defines long-term rules of shaping
spatial structure of the voivodeship. It is based on the rule of proper and rational spatial
development and it contributes to achieving balanced provincial development, with the
following needs taken into consideration in particular:
− broad use of its location – near the sea and near the Oder river
− protection of using unique resources and values of the natural environment and culture as
well as landscape in social and economic development
− improvement of civilization standard and life conditions of inhabitants
− integration of the spatial structure of the voivodeship
− defence and safety of the state as well as people and their possessions
The plan defines rules of the spatial structure organization of the voivodeship: basic
elements of settlement grid, locating communication, technical and social infrastructure and
requirements in scope of safeguarding the natural environment and protecting cultural goods,
with areas of particular protection taken into consideration. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Area Development Plan eases coordination of strategies and various intentions as well as
programmes with emphasis on time and place of their implementation.
Reference of objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development
Strategy to functional areas defined in the Area Development Plan of Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship has been included in appendix 5.
5.4. Financial sources of the Strategy
Implementation of the Strategy will be primarily based on public funds.
In order to conduct the effective regional policy they should be internal funds of the
voivodeship. These include:
•
•
•
•
budgets of territorial local governments (communes, counties, voivodeship)
state budget (budget of the governor, funds of ministers directed to implementation of
ministerial programmes)
budgets of target funds (e.g. Provincial Environmental Protection and Water
Management Fund)
budgets of governmental agencies regional centres (e.g. Agency for Restructuring and
Modernisation of Agriculture
Besides internal funds of the voivodeship, the following external funds will be used to
implement the Strategy:
•
•
•
•
State budget funds (directed within the state regional policy);
EU funds within conducted policies (particularly cohesion policy, Joint Agricultural
Policy, Framework Programmes in scope of Technological Development)
funds of other states (e.g. Swiss and Polish Cooperation Programme)
bank loans as well as other loans (including those offered by international financial
organisations, instruments of Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego etc.)
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Strategy
Private funds will also be used to fulfil regulations of the Strategy. Their level of
engagement (the so called financial lever effect) will indicate the correctness of actions
selected for accomplishment.
Directional objective charts include their financing matrix by particular financial
streams, according to the following scale:
• 2 recommended
• 1 possible
• 0 not applicable
5.5. Institutions responsible for accomplishment of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Development Strategy
The society of the voivodeship is a subject of strategic programming on a regional
level and the strategy of provincial development results from a social and institutional
agreement. Therefore its accomplishment will include almost all institutions, governmental
and local governmental administration offices of all levels, agencies and foundations, large,
medium and small business entities, universities as well as science and research centres,
educational, cultural, healthcare and welfare institutions and particular citizens.
Responsibility frames have also been defined, similarly to financing sources. Here the
responsibility has been shown in a more detailed way – on the action level. The main actors
responsible for the implementation of the Strategy on this level have been ordered with
separated functions and tasks into five groups:
•
•
•
•
•
governmental administration
voivodeship local government
district local government
commune local government
private and non-governmental initiatives (including public and private partnership)
Directional objective charts include responsibility level of particular institutions for the
implementation of actions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy
according to the following scale:
•
•
•
2 leading
1 partial
0 none
5.6. Time frames of the Strategy accomplishment
2020 has been accepted as a time limit for the Voivodeship Development Strategy
implementation. It will be compliant with the National Development Strategy validity period,
which is a superior document over other strategies and governmental programmes as well as
programmes prepared on a regional level. The provisions of acts concerning mid-term
national development strategy show that the provincial development strategy should include
the time limit of 2015.
Objective charts include information concerning tasks until 2015 as well as 20152020 (Y=yes, N=no).
154
Strategy
5.7 Strategy monitoring
Strategy monitoring is a process of systematic collection, processing, analysing and
publication of reliable information, with the aim of ensuring conformity of implementation
with the assumed operational objectives. Monitoring will be an element linking programming
and implementation of regional development, will allow the overseeing and corrections to the
activities undertaken and at the same time provides a possibility to rationally plan and
particularise future activities. Effective monitoring systems allow also for a correct allocation
of financial means assigned to particulate tasks.
The voivodeship government is responsible for monitoring regional development. In
the structures of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshalls Office, the Regional Policy
Department is responsible for monitoring and in particular one of its sub departments Office
of Analysis and Strategic Studies. This unit known as the Monitoring Unit has direct
responsibility for the creation and day to day running of the monitoring system. Voivodeship
Board oversees the functioning.
The Voivodeship Board assumed that the Voivodeship Development Strategy monitoring will
not be a separate issue, but will be an element of the socio-economic development monitoring
system of the region which has 4 tasks:
No
1
2
Task description
Monitoring of the strategy and
voivodeship programmes (including
Voivodeship Development Strategy)
in accordance with the rules and
indicators defined in these documents)
Forecasting the state of development
of the region and trends, tendencies,
need and dangers in individual areas
with as small as possible a delay.
3
Benchmarking of the region with
other national and EU regions both in
individual areas and in a synthetic
way.
4
Highlighting of territorial variations
(on the district and commune level) in
the regional development in relation to
individual areas.
Questions answered by the task
If and to what extent the implementation
indicators for the strategy objectives were
achieved? What is the further development
diagnosis?
What is the diagnosis of development trends
in a given area? What are the dangers in the
region? What are the opportunities?
How does the region compare to other Polish
and EU regions? For which indicators does
the region attain good results and for which
not so good? Does external convergence
occur in the region (i.e.: in comparison to
other regions)?
What is the spatial variation for indicators?
Which locations (communes, districts, and
cities) require intervention? Is there
convergence internal to the region?
From the point of view of the Voivodeship Development Strategy monitoring, task 1 is
the most important and it occurs on three levels:
− monitoring of socio-economic changes in the voivodeship;
155
Strategy
− monitoring of the objectives implementation on the basis of indicators ensuing from
quantifying of these objectives;
− monitoring of the implementation of programmes in the Strategy
The main units of monitoring illustrating all of the aspects of the regional development are 20
monitoring areas. As a result of further, more detailed, division of the areas factors appear.
Table 3. Monitoring areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy
Area
No
Factors
1
Natural conditions
area, geographical conditions, natural resources
2
Demography
population density, migration, natural growth, life
expectancy, economic activity
3
Social capital
social problems, development of local democracy,
public services
4
Local government
budgets, local government activity, operational
programmes, administration
5
Health care
the state of health of the society, closed and open
medical services
6
Culture
according to forms of activity
7
Education
school, academic education, continuing education,
qualifications
8
Job market
supply and demand, employment, professional
activity, work abroad, employment in knowledge
based sectors
9
Economy
industry, services (inc. tourism), agriculture,
construction, companies
10
Innovation
innovation awareness, patents, technology transfer,
clusters
11
Science
no divisions
12
Information society
infrastructure, computerisation, applications, digital
exclusion
13
Transport
road and railways infrastructure, public transport,
road, rail road and sea carriage
14
Energy
according to energy sources
15
The state and protection
of the environment
according to loads
16
Communal economy
supply of utilities, waste management
156
Strategy
17
Spatial economy
settler network, land usage, spatial planning
18
Housing
no divisions
19
Population wealth
no divisions
20
Regional balance
GDP, added value, investments
The target structure ensuing from the created system will be a set of indicators which
will constitute the basis of making evaluations, decisions, forecasting and comparisons with
other regions – thus for the implementation of system tasks. The indicators will be created
from variables of numerical values from measurements or research. Each indicator will be
assigned to one area of monitoring and at the same time - in relation to task 1 - to one of the
34 directional objectives of the Voivodeship Development Strategy In the directional
objectives charts, the names of indicators were given, corresponding to a given objective with
the base values. It was assumed that in each directional objective one indicator (defined in the
indicator summary in the objectives charts under item 1) is a so called lead indicator i.e.: the
most representative for a given objective. The lead indicator will be used for the monitoring
of the directional objective implementation dynamic (through the calculation of its variation
over time) as well as – if possible – to compare with other regions. The whole of the
information regarding each indicator will be collected on a so called Indicator Chart holding
the sources of data, variables, formulas and indicator interpretation, neither base and target
values the set of indicators collected so far is nor final. During the operation of the system
verification will be carried out of the usefulness of indicators for the implementation of tasks.
As possibilities appear of using two sources of data (e.g. digital geodesic data, satellite
images) the system will incorporate new indicators. Synthetic indicators should also be
worked out corresponding to each of the strategic objectives. The change in the indicators and
change in lead indicators does not entail the necessity to update the Voivodeship
Development Strategy.
In individual areas of monitoring, the Monitoring Unit should cooperate with the
appropriate institutions like departments of the Marshalls Office and other organisational units
of local governments (E.G.: ROSP, RBGP, Zachodniopomorskie Obserwatorium Rynku
Pracy), institutions involved with collection and processing of data (e.g.: Statistical Office in
Szczecin, Treasury Chamber in Szczecin), public administration units, educational
institutions, regional development agencies. The permanent cooperation in the scope of
providing data should also be initiated with the local government units in the region and units
monitoring the regional and national operational programmes, including RPO, PROW,
POKL, POIG, POIŚ, and EWT.
The monitoring works will have a periodic character and will entail:
1. Defining the needs of individual cells of local government and other interested parties as
to the type of information and scope of monitoring.
2. Establishment or verification of operations procedures in the scope of: content of Indicator
Charts, cooperation rules with external units, rules for data processing, results publishing
and time frame of the works with individual indicators.
3. Acquiring of data from primary sources (e.g. surveys) and secondary (e.g. from GUS,
Eurosts, SIMIK system).
4. Collection and processing of data An electronic database will be created for the needs of
the system, with both acquired data and processed according to the Indicator Charts.
157
Strategy
5. Publication of results. The main way of making information available will be an internet
application e-Region described below. Furthermore, periodically in paper formats data
and reports will be published
6. Analysis and evaluation The calculated indicator values for each of the four of the system
Tasks will be analysed by the Monitoring Unit (in cooperation with external units). Such
analysis will be made publish on the web site with a possibility of supplementing it by the
opinions of interested parties. Periodically on the basis of the above information, a
complete evaluation of the situation will be carried out in a given area together with
proposals of possible tasks for the voivodeship government as changes in the monitoring
system.
7. Decisions of the voivodeship government. The situation evaluations discussed above and
the proposals will be given to the Voivodeship Board which will then present them for
consultations with interested parties active in a given area. To this end, the Voivodeship
Board will appoint a Monitoring Committee which will include: Voivodeship Marshall,
representatives of communes and districts, economic, social and non-government
organisations, representatives of entities undertaking tasks as part of voivodeship
programmes.
The local government may also use the existing bodies e.g.: Wojewódzka Rada
Zatrudnienia, Regionalna Rada ds. Gospodarki, Nauki i Innowacji, Regionalna Rada ds.
Społeczeństwa Informacyjnego, ZROT, Konwent Starostów, Konwent Wójtów,
Burmistrzów i Prezydentów Miast. The consultations will yield recommendations on the
basis of which Voivodeship Board will implementation priorities for the forthcoming
planning period and define the implementation indicators of objectives for different levels
of the strategy. This decision will be presented to the regional parliament for acceptance.
The main method for communicating for the monitoring system with its interested
parties is a custom made internet application in the form of a web site
(http://www.eregion.wzp.pl/). The main task of this application, named in previous document
“eRegion” is making available to interested parties and institutions numerical data (main
indicator values) and other documents created as a result of the system operation both in a
states way (ready objects 0 databases, figures graphs, tables, reports) and an interactive way,
with the ability to generate data summaries (in the form of databases, tables, maps or graphs)
in an online mode. The site will also contain current forecasts of indicator values describing
the predicted voivodeship development trends. The basis for the eRegion site is the division
into the 20 monitoring areas, each of which will have its own page.
158
Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy
Home page of eRegion site
159
Data explorer of eRegion site
160
STREAM OF DATA FLOWS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF THE
ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Statistical data published in
annuals, bulletins and on
Szczecin’s GUS and US
internet sites.
Other data and freely
available information,
rankings, evaluations,
reports etc.
Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship reg. parliament
Annual
research
Zachodniopomorskie
Executive Board
External
reports
Database
Annual socio-economic
diagnosis and ZVDS
Local government surveys
Bi-annual
research
ZVDS
monitoring
unit
Interim and final ZVDS
ZVDS
monitoring
committee
performance report:
Surveys of selected economic
entities and self regulating trade
organization.
2010, 2013, 2015
ZVDS
Surveys of selected associations
and institutions
monitoring report: 2008-2021
ZVDS monitoring website,
available to the public
monitoring unit
own research
161
List of figures, tables and maps
STREAM OF DATA FLOWS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND
MONITORING
OF
THE
ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE
VOIVODESHIP
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY UP TO 2020
External reports which should be considered in making periodic evaluations of the
implementation of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy come from
different sources.
Data from aforementioned sources will be collected for each period form 2009 – 2020,
it will be placed in the database and the monitoring database (indicator sheets) and on this
basis the appropriate indicator values will be calculated for the ZVDS.
The analysis of results will be carried out once per annum starting in 2009, presented
to the Monitoring Committee of ZVDS as an "Annual socio-economic diagnosis and
monitoring ZVDS report" After acceptance by the Monitoring Committee a summary of the
analysis will be made available to the public on the internet site.
In the years 2010, 2014, 2016, 2021 more detailed reports will be prepared
“Intermediate ZVDS implementation reports" and in 2021 a final report “Final ZVDS
implementation report”. After acceptance by the Monitoring Committee a summary of the
reports will be made available to the public on the internet site.
162
List of figures
Figure 1. Gender and age structure of the voivodeship population in 2008 ................ Błąd! Nie
zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 2. Summary of percentage share for selected demographic parameters of the
voivodeship as compared to the national population totals and other voivodeships in
2008..............................................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 3. Percentage of couples divorcing amongst the proffessionally active population in the
country during 2004 - 2008..........................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 4. A summary of the selected parameters connected with self-destructive behaviours in
the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the backdrop of other voivodeships in 2009.. 14
Figure 5. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 expenses structure ......... Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano
zakładki.
Figure 6. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 expenses structure according to type of activityi
......................................................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 7. Incomes and expenditures per capita in the districts’ and voivodeship budgets in
2008..............................................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 8. Proportions of investment expenditures of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
tertiary government units kn 2000 and 2008 (as %) ....Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 9. The results of gimnasium examinations in points in the voivodeships in the region
in 2009.............................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 10. The number of upper secondary school students in 2005-2008 in the Voivodeship
.......................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 11. Pass rate of vocational examinations in districts of the Voivodeship in comparison
to the region in 2008......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 12. The results in points of the maturity examination of humanities, mathematical and
science subjects at the basic level in 2009. ..................................................................... 29
Figure 13. The student of high schools according to the type of studies per 10000 inhabitants
in 2008 ............................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 14. Higher education students per 10000 inhabitants in particular voivodeships during
2004-2008......................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 15. Economic activity of the voivodeship inhabitants during 2004-2009 .................... 32
Figure 16. Economic activity of the inhabitants in particular voivodeships in 2008............... 32
Figure 17. Unemployment rate recorded in the subregions of the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship in 2000-2009 .............................................................................................. 33
Figure 18. The percentage of the employed in particular economic sectors in the scope of the
Voivodeship in 2008. ...................................................................................................... 34
Figure 19. The number of registered economic entities per 1 000 inhabitants in the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in relation to analogous sizes in Poland and other
voivodeships in 2008....................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 20. National economy entities in total and per 10 000 inhabitants according to sub
regions in 2008 .............................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 21. Evaluation of investment attractiveness of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
in 2009*........................................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 22. Sold production in total per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship as a percentage of the
national production in 2004 - 2008 .............................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 23. Sold industrial production in total of the sub-regions in 2008 ................... Błąd! Nie
163
Figure 24. Sold industrial production value per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship in 2008 .Błąd!
Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 25. Number of inhabitants per hypermarket in the voivodeship in 2007. .................... 42
Figure 26. Building and assembly production sales per one inhabitant in Poland and the
voivodeship in 2004 - 2008..........................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 27. Building and assembly production in the voivodeship in 2004 - 2008 (absolute
value in million PLN and share in the national production.......... Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano
zakładki.
Figure 28. Building permits issued in the voivodeship in 2005-2008 (floor space and share in
the national permits).....................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 29. Average size of arable lands at farms in Poland and the voivodeship in 2008..Błąd!
Figure 30. Accommodation provided at multi guest facilities according to voivodeship in
2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%).......................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 31. Accommodation provided to domestic and foreign tourists at multi guest facilities
according to voivodeship in 2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%) ................. Błąd! Nie
Figure 32: Degree of usage of lodgings in Poland and the voivodeship in 2004-2008Błąd! Nie
Figure 33. Cargo handling in chosen ports of the Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeships according to cargo types in 2008...........Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Figure 34. Structure of cargo handling according to sea ports in 2008. .................................. 57
Figure 35. Total expenditure on research-development activity in the year 2008................... 60
Figure 36. Expenditure on research and development in the Polish zloty per capita and in the
enterprise sector in millions of PLN in the year 2008...................................................... 61
Figure 37. Selected characteristics of the informatization of schools* in the province,
including the comparison with other voivodeships in the year 2008.. ............... Błąd! Nie
Figure 38. Selected characteristics of the informatization of voivodeship enterprises, including
the comparison with other voivodeships on the year 2008.. .......................................... 67
Figure 39. The inhabitants access to the municipal infrastructure, including a comparison with
other regions in 2008........................................................................................................ 83
Figure 40. New buildings completed by division of sub-regions in the years 2005-2008..... 888
Figure 41. Dwellings completed per 10 000 inhabitants in the districts of the voivodeship in
2008[pieces] ................................................................................................................... 890
Figure 2. Average usable floor space per capita in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008 [m²]
.......................................................................................................................................... 89
Figure 43. Share of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship GDP in the national GDP in 1999 2007............................................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.1
Figure 44. GDP per capita (current prices), Poland=100;2000-2007 Polish viovodeships and
subregions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.................................................... 932
Figure 45. Change dynamics in the national GDP share during 1999-2007.......................... 932
Figure 46. GDP in total, Zachodniopomorskie as compared to Poland, year 1999 = 1......Błąd!
Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.2
Figure 47. The average mnthy gross income in voivodeships as compared to the national
everage in 2004 - 2008. ................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
List of tables
164
Table 1. Basic structural data for sectors in the voivodeship and Poland in 2007....... Błąd! Nie
Table 2. Houses furnishing with the sanitary-technical installations in Poland and the region
in 2008............................................................................................................................ 887
Table 3. Monitoring areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy
....................................................................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.4
List of maps
Map 1. Natura 2000 areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.. Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano
zakładki.
Map 2. The share of children in preschool facilities as the total number of children of 3 – 5
years of age in 2008. ........................................................................................................ 25
Map 3. Areas with the highest and lowest levels of activity of last mile operators (number of
active operators of access networks in the commune).. ............... Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano
zakładki.
Map 2. Time-related access to the Voivodeship capitals by roads in 2008 ............................ 69
Map 5. Heat and electricity generation and the largest power stations in Poland in 2004. Błąd!
Map 6. Wind map of Polande...............................................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.
Map 7. Evaluation of Zachodniopomorskie rivers in 2008...................................................... 78
Map 8. Large-spatial and functional areas of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship ...... Błąd! Nie
zdefiniowano zakładki.4
Map 9. Level of ecenomic growth in communes in 2002 and 2007 .... Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano
zakładki.3
Map 10. Synthetic indicator values of the economic potential of the Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship communes in 2008. ...............................Błąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.3
165
Appendices
Appendix 1. SWOT analysis
ECONOMY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
• Border and coastal location of the
voivodeship
• Multi-functionality of the Szczecin
metropolitan area; attractive investment
plots
• Koszalin metropolitan area with
attractive investment plots
• Existing higher education institutions
with a broad educational potential
• A large percentage of students in the
scientific and engineering faculty
• Existing investment activity zones
• High density of micro-enterprises
• Favourable distribution of enterprises
across the industries
• Low labour costs
• Developed maritime and fish processing
industries
• A large number of farms producing
organic food
• High productivity of farms
• Favourable agricultural structure
• Multiple tourist attractions
• Health resorts attributes and the largest
coastal health resorts in Poland
• Favourable conditions for active and
specialist tourism
• Developed accommodation base in the
coastal belt
• Proximity of the Berlin metropolitan
area
OPPORTUNITIES
• High unemployment particularly in
rural areas
• Socio-economic development
disproportions in a spatial arrangement
• Competition between the regions with
respect to new investment locations
• Lack of a cohesive investment support
system
• Efficiency disproportions between
different industries in the region
• Low level of investments in R&D,
particularly by companies
• Low level of cooperative agreements or
agreements between science and
economy
• Weak investment culture
• Educational offer not reflecting fully the
needs of the job market
• Insufficiently promoted regional tourist
products.
• Insufficiently developed tourist
information network in the region
• Limited effects of the Szczecin and
Koszalin metropolitan areas on the rest
of the region
• Poor economic image of the region
• The regions potential for attracting
foreign investment poorly developed
• A small and decreasing number of food
processing facilities
• Untapped potential of small ports and
fishing marinas
• Small number of high standard
accommodation offered
• Small number of events promoting the
region’s image
• Unstable planning of incomes from PIT
and CIT taxes, which constitute about
20% of local government's incomes
DANGERS
166
Appendices
• Shift of production from old to new EU
countries
• Increase in the political and economic
significance of the Baltic Sea Region in
the EU and Polish politics
• Dynamic development of water tourism
• Economic activity diversification in
rural areas
• An awakening of cluster awareness in
the region
• Further development of investment
activity zones
• Establishment of a technology park in
Szczecin and Koszalin
• More effective utilisation of EU funds
• Utilisation of the scientific potential of
academic centres with respect to
innovation
• Introduction of a tasks budget in tertiary
local government units
• Production stoppage and liquidation of
the Szczecin shipyard
• Economic marginalisation of north-west
Poland
• Undervaluation of the R&D sector in
Poland
• Insufficient level of investment in
modern IT technologies
• Poor availability of attractive sources of
finance for companies
• Poor absorption of EU structural funds
on the national and regional levels
• Outflow of qualified workforce
INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
STRENGTHS
• Good communication links with
Western and Northern Europe
• Developed road links, including transnational
• Sea ports (Szczecin – Świnoujście, Police,
Kołobrzeg, Darłowo) as elements of multimodal transport networks
• Network of small sea ports
• Odra Water Way
• Existence of an international regional
airport Szczecin - Goleniów
• Well developed railway network within the
Szczecin metropolitan area
• A lot of potential for locating new
enterprises
• Large amounts of geodesic and spatial
information (GIS)
• A well developed air and surface water
quality monitoring systems
• Landscape variability and unique scenery
• Well preserved state of the environment,
numerous environmental protection
schemes, environmental richness.
• Multiple geothermal assets
• A lot of potential for the development of
167
•
•
•
•
WEAKNESSES
Poor technical condition of the roads
Insufficient trunk roads
Weak development of roads network in
rural areas
Insufficient development of ring roads for
cities including Szczecin and Koszalin
located along the main communication
routes
• Lack of permanent road link between
the Uznam and Wolin islands in
Świnoujście
• Lack of an integrated communication
system for the Szczecin metropolitan area
• Poor accessibility of investment and tourist
areas
• Poor water, road and rail accessibility of sea
ports from shore side and the ensuing
untapped potential of these ports
• Unsuitability of the Oder water way to
communication objectives and international
standards
• Poor condition of the Szczecin –
Świnoujście water way (fairway)
• Poor utilisation of local rail links
• Poor condition of electricity grid
Appendices
• Local Plans not covering the whole
voivodeship
• Slow progression of water management and
retention processes
• Insufficient state of network infrastructure
for potable water treatment
• Insufficient communal and hazardous waste
utilisation and recycling infrastructure
• Air and noise pollution in large cities
originating from road traffic
DANGERS
renewable energy
• European Union membership
OPPORTUNITIES
• Delays in the realisation of the
motorways and trunk roads network,
transport marginalisation
• Underinvestment of railway and rolling
stock infrastructure
• Lack of a coordinated and systematic
national maritime policy
• Unequal treatment of North – South
links by the Polish government,
consequentially a weakening of
territorial cohesion of the country
• No AGN agreement ratification by the
Polish government
• Economic and environmental impact of
investments and undertakings in the
German border regions
• Uncontrolled transport of waste from
abroad and its dumping in the
voivodeship
• Higher investment costs within
protected areas
• Legal and infrastructural barriers for the
development of renewable energy
• Maladjustment of installations to the
new EU requirements in the scope of
environment protection
• Lack of waste management
infrastructure
• Late implementation of new low
pollution technologies in manufacturing
plants
• Shortage of potable water in the coastal
belt as a barrier to the development of
tourism, locally lack of water for
agricultural needs
• Road infrastructure development,
including trunk roads as well as local
and regional roads
• The creation, through joint actions on
the national and EU levels, of
favourable communication and
development conditions for the Central
European Transport Corridor CETCROUTE65
• Implementation of motorway of the sea
(Świnoujście – Scandinavia) as an
extension of the land section of the
Central European Transport Corridor
CETC-ROUTE65
• Execution of the Świnoujście –
Klaipeda motorway of the sea
• Implementation and development of
pan-regional and trans-border
communication systems, including
improvement of Oder navigability,
construction of the Oder - Danube
canal
• Construction of an external port in
Świnoujście with an LNG terminal
together with the modernisation of the
fairway
• Development of ferry shipping and an
improvement in the attractiveness of
Polish ports
• Utilisation of natural resources for the
development of economy
• Creation of a complete tourist
infrastructure (yacht ports, cycling
trails, accommodation, information
points)
• New energy sector investments
• Construction of a nuclear power station
• Possibilities of trans-border energy
distribution
168
Appendices
• Construction of thermal waste
utilisation facility in Szczecin and
Koszalin
• “Fast tram” for the Szczecin
metropolitan area
• Connection of the Goleniów airport to
the railway network
• Construction of an airport in Zgierz
Pomorski
• Development of air transport
infrastructure
• Introduction of a tasks budget in
tertiary local government units
SOCIETY
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
• Strong educational and academic base
• Creation of a new higher education
institution in Szczecin – Arts Academy
• High quality of educational institutions
for teachers
• High urbanisation indicator
• Relatively young society and a low
deaths indicator
• Solid diagnostic and treatment as well
as health resort base of a pan-regional
character
• An increase in the number of funds
earmarked for hospital infrastructure
investments
• Dynamic activities to adjust health care
units to specialist and sanitary
requirements
• An increasing number of accreditations
and quality certificates received from
SP ZOZs.
• Varied cultural heritage
• Properly functioning non government
organisations supporting the disabled
• Poor educational results for teenagers,
measured by exam results
• Insufficient medical workforce, including
nursing
• Uneven distribution of health care
provision in the voivodeship with difficult
access
• Insufficient development of day and
community care
• Insufficient psychiatric care
• Insufficient infrastructure and equipmentfacilities base
• Marginalisation of prevention and
promotion of health, lack of coordination
of these activities
• Collapse of medical colleges
• Limited access to information society
infrastructure
• Numerous groups and communities
endangered by marginalisation
• Lack of non government organisations for
the creation of fundamental civil attitudes,
integration
• Collapse of cultural centres in villages
• Lack of funds for the construction of
• Functioning non-government organisations
in the region of prevention, education and
reduction of damages caused by addictions
and violence
cultural centres in small townships
• A small number of sports structures,
such as sports halls, football stadiums,
169
Appendices
• A developed social policy institutional
infrastructure, e.g.: intervention, care and
educational units.
swimming pools and their poor quality
• Lack of funds for the running of sports
clubs
• Omitting of Szczecin for the European
Championships 2012
• Insufficient cooperation and
information sharing between local
government units, institutions, nongovernment organisations and
educational establishments within the
scope of addiction and violence
prevention
OPPORTUNITIES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Establishment of the global tendency
to develop the economy based on
knowledge and an information society
Increase in awareness with regards to
the need to further education and
improving professional qualifications
Maintaining a good position of the
voivodeship with regards to continuing
education
Large number of students
New higher education institution in
Koszalin
Szczecin’s application for European
cultural capital
Intensification of cooperation with
Germany in the social and cultural
spheres
Conclusion of the division of
responsibilities reform
Introduction of a tasks budget in
tertiary local government units
Appropriate use of European Union
funds in order to develop companies’
staff
Conscious and interdisciplinary
development of preventative measures
based on the needs of local societies
Development of a civil society
including an increase in the importance
of non government organisations
Introduction of modern diagnostic and
therapeutic technologies
DANGERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
source: own work
170
Deepening tendencies increasing the
development disproportions between
metropolitan and other areas
Numerical social exclusion, and in
particular of people over the age of 50
and inhabitants of villages
Limited access to education due to
economic reasons and a permanently low
level of education of rural inhabitants
Outflow of educated people from the
voivodeship (unfavourable demographic
changes, shift in the age distribution of
the society)
Progressive marginalisation of
universities in the voivodeship
Insufficient availability of pre-school
facilities
Unstable financing of health services
by the National Health Fund
Extending competition procedures
within the scope of projects
Low efficiency of utilising European
Union funds, in particular when it comes
to soft projects
Scaling down of social dialogue and
information policy within the scope of
social pathologies
A degradation of family ties resulting
in a decrease in the parents and carers'
educational ability and efficiency
Appendices
Appendix 2. Cohesion of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy
objectives with those of the National Development Strategy
National Development Strategy
Priorities
1
An improvement in the
competitiveness and innovativeness of
the economy
2
Improvement in the state of technical
and social infrastructure
171
Directional objectives
1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the
economy
1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and
enterprise development
1.4 Support for increasing export
1.6 Restructurisation and development of
agricultural and fishing production
2.2 Strengthening of business support
instruments
3.4 Support for the development of
information society infrastructure
5.1 Innovative economy workforce
development
5.5 Creation of an information society
1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the
voivodeship on the national and foreign
tourist markets
3.3 Development of pan-regional, multimodal
transport networks
3.5 The development of energy infrastructure
3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with
tourist and health resort attributes
4.1 An improvement in the quality of the
environment and ecological safety
4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy
sources
4.4 Development of the environmental
protection and waste management
infrastructure
5.4 Development of vocational education in
accordance with the needs of the economy
5.6 Increase in the participation and
availability of pre-school education
6.2 An improvement in the availability and
quality of health care
6.3 Support for the development of local
democracy and a civil society
6.5 Development of cultural heritage as the
Appendices
3
Increase in employment and its
quality
4
Creation of an integrated social
community and its security
5
Development of rural areas
6
Regional development and increasing
territorial cohesion
source: own work
172
foundation for regional identity
5.2 Increasing the professional activity of the
population
6.1 Supporting the function of the family
Strengthening the identity and integration of
local societies
6.6 Prevention of poverty and social exclusion
processes
3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with
tourist and health resort attributes
processes
1.5 Integrated maritime policy
2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion
of the regional investment offer and investor
support
2.3 Creation and development of investment
activity zones
2.4 Regional brand building and promotion
3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of
Szczecin
3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal
metropolitan area
4.2 Environmental heritage protection and a
rational utilisation of resources
Appendices
objectives with those of the National Regional Development Strategy
National Regional Development Strategy
Objectives of regional policy up to 2020
1
Support for the development of
improving regional competitiveness
2
Creation of territorial cohesion and
prevention of problem areas
marginalisation
173
1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness
of the economy
1.2 An increase in the competitiveness
of the voivodeship on the national and
foreign tourist markets
1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation
and enterprise development
1.6 Restructurisation and development
of agricultural and fishing production
2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and
cohesion of the regional investment
offer and investor support
instruments
2.3 Creation and development of
investment activity zones
3.1 Development of metropolitan
functions of Szczecin
metropolitan area
3.3 Development of pan-regional,
multimodal transport networks
3.5 The development of energy
infrastructure
3.6 Improvement of accessibility to
areas with tourist and health resort
attributes
cohesion of the regional investment
instruments
2.3 Creation and development of
investment activity zones
3.1 Development of metropolitan
functions of Szczecin
metropolitan area
3.4. Support for the development of
Appendices
3.6 Improvement of accessibility to
areas with tourist and health resort
attributes
4.1 An improvement in the quality of
the environment and ecological safety
4.4. Development of the environmental
infrastructure
4.6 Urban areas revitalization
development
5.3. Development of continuing
education
5.4 Development of vocational
education in accordance with the needs
of the economy
3
The creation of legal and institutional
conditions for an effective, efficient and
partnership based execution of territorial
development activities
source: own work
174
6.2 An improvement in the availability
and quality of health care
6.5 Development of cultural heritage as
the foundation for regional identity
6.6 Prevention of poverty and social
exclusion processes
The objective of the NRDS is directed
towards the creation of institutional and
legal conditions for the execution of
pro-development activities in Poland
through the strengthening of strategic
dimension
of
regional
policy,
improvement in the management of
social policies, ensuring appropriate
cooperation
and
coordination
mechanisms
in
a
multi
layer
management system as well as through
the creation of cooperation networks
between various entities involved in the
execution of the said policy, which is to
serve the development of social capital
and the strengthening of appropriate
qualification and abilities for the
management of development.
The implementation of the objective is a
statutory activity of tertiary local
government units
Appendices
objectives with the horizontal specific objectives of the National Strategic Reference
Framework (NCS)
National Strategic Reference Framework
2007-2013
Horizontal specific objectives
Improvement in the quality of
public institutions' functioning and
1.
development of partnership
mechanisms
2.
3.
Improvement in the quality of
human capital and an increase in
social cohesion
Development and modernisation of
technical and social infrastructure
with fundamental significance for
the improvement in Polish
competitiveness
economy
instruments
development
population
6.4. Strengthening the identity and
integration of local societies
economy
tourist markets
3.1 Development of metropolitan functions
of Szczecin
metropolitan area
3.3 Development of pan-regional,
multimodal transport networks
3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas
with tourist and health resort attributes
4.1 An improvement in the quality of the
environment and ecological safety
4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy
sources
4.4 Development of the environmental
175
Appendices
4.
5.
6.
infrastructure
development
economy
Enhancement of competitiveness
and innovativeness of enterprises, in
particular those in the
instruments
manufacturing sector with a high
added value and development of the
services sector
development
tourist markets
Improvement in the competitiveness 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions
of Polish regions and the prevention of Szczecin
of their social, economic and spatial 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal
marginalisation
metropolitan area
cohesion of the regional investment offer and
investor support
population
Equalisation of development
opportunities and the support for
structural changes in rural areas
6.6 Prevention of poverty and social
exclusion processes
source: own work.
176
Appendices
Appendix 5. Reference of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to the functional areas defined in the
Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Spatial Development Plan
Large-scale areas
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Functional areas
A/V A B C/VI D E A B C D E F A B C D E F G H I J K L IV A B C VI
1
1.1
IMPROVEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVENESS AND
EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT
4
3 3
3
2 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3
3
5 5 5
5
1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national
and foreign tourist markets
1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development
5
5 5
5
5 5 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5
2
4 4 4
4
4
2 2
4
2 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3
4
5 5 5
5
1.4 Support for increasing export
Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing
1.6
production
4
2 3
2
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2
3
4 3 4
4
5
4 5
5
5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0
5 4 5
4
3
5 4
3
3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 4
5
3 3 1
2
2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment
2.2 Strengthening of business support instruments
2
3 4
3
1 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 4
4
5 5 5
5
5
3 4
3
3 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3
3
5 5 5
5
2.3 Creation and development of investment activity zones
2.4 Regional brand building and promotion
5
1 5
1
3 1 4 4 5 3 2 4 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 5 5 1 3 2
3
5 4 5
4
4
4 4
4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4
4 4 5
4
5
5 4
0
0 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 3 2 3
3
5 5 5
2
0
0 3
5
5 0 0 0 3 4 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 0 0 0 0
0
1 1 1
5
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
5 5 5
5
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3
3
4
3 3
3
3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3
3
4
4 4
4
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4
2
3 2 3
3
2
Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy
ENHANCING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REGION
3 INCREASING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION
3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin
3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area
3.3 Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks
3.4 Support for the development of information society infrastructure
Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort
3.6
attributes
177
Appendices
4
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
A/V A B C/VI D E A B C D E F A B C D E F G H I J K L IV A B C VI
MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
VALUES, RATIONAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
4.1 An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety
5
5 5
5
5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5
3 3 3
3
4.2 Environmental heritage protection and a rational utilisation of resources
5
5 5
5
5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
5
3 3 3
3
4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy sources
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
3
3 3 4
3
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4
4 4 4
4
4.5 Increasing the ecological awareness of the society
4
4 4
4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4
4 4 4
4
5
1 4
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
5
5 5 5
5
5.1 Innovative economy workforce development
3
2 2
2
2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2
4 4 4
4
5.2 Increasing the professional activity of the population
4
3 3
3
3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4
4 4 4
4
Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of
5.4
the economy
4
2 2
3
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 2
3
4 4 4
4
4
3 3
4
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2
3
4 4 4
4
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
4 4 4
4
5.6 Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3
3
AN INCREASE IN SOCIAL IDENTITY AND COHESION OF THE
REGION
6.1 Supporting the function of the family
6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care
3
4
3 3
4 4
3
4
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
3
4
3 3 3
4 4 4
3
4
6.3 Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society
3
4 4
3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4
4 4 4
4
6.4 Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3
3
6.5 Development of cultural heritage as the foundation for regional identity
4
4 4
4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4
4 4 4
4
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3
3
4.4
5
Development of the environmental protection and waste management
infrastructure
CREATION OF AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY
6
source: own work.
178

zachodniopomorskie voivodeship development strategy

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