After extensive research, CFOA is pleased to present its report

Table of Contents
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
List of Graphs ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Message from the CEO ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
The CFOA’s Footprint Survey .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Ferry Operators in Canada ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Types of Ferry Operators ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Number of Vessels ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
Canadian Ferry Routes ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Types of Ferry Services .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Economy ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Keeping Canada Moving ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Ferry Passengers ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Transporting Vehicles .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Contributing to Canada’s Economy ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Employing Canadians ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Charting the Course .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Protecting the Environment ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Marine Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Appendices.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Appendix 1: CFOA Members ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Appendix 2: Canadian Ferry Operators................................................................................................................................... 27
Appendix 3: Canadian Ferry Services by Region ..................................................................................................................... 29
Atlantic ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Québec ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Ontario ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Prairies ........................................................................................................................................................................... 33
British Columbia ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Northern Canada ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
References .................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
List of Tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Ferry Operators in Canada
Types of Ferry Operators
Number of Vessels
Number of Canadian Ferry Routes
Types of Ferry Services
Passengers Carried by CFOA Members 2010-2012
Vehicles Carried by CFOA Members 2010-2012
Number of CFOA Ferry Operator Employees 2010-2012
CFOA Ferry Operator Employee Salaries 2010-2012
p. 7
p. 8
p. 9
p. 10
p. 11
p. 13
p. 16
p. 19
p. 19
List of Graphs
Graph 1:
Graph 2:
Graph 3:
Graph 4:
CFOA Ferry Passengers by Region 2010-2012
Vehicles Transported by CFOA Members by Region 2010-2012
Annual Operating Budgets of CFOA Ferry Operators
TSB Reported Accidents Involving Canadian Ferries
3
p. 14
p. 16
p. 18
p. 23
Message from the CEO
As Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Ferry Operators Association (CFOA), I am
pleased to share the results of our organization’s first survey of the socio-economic
footprint of the ferry sector in Canada. The information gathered and presented here
illustrates CFOA members’ continued dedication to helping drive the Canadian
economy, providing vital transportation services to Canadians and delivering safe
ferry services across the country. Many of us would be surprised to learn that CFOA
ferry operators transported over 45 million passengers and 17.5 million vehicles
across Canada in 2012. This significant contribution toward keeping Canadians and
the Canadian economy moving demonstrates why the ferry sector is such an integral
part of the nation’s transportation systems.
Since 1987, CFOA has worked to meet the needs and priorities of its membership by providing a common voice
representing ferry operators and industry participants across the country. CFOA’s efforts in developing and
administering this survey demonstrate our continued commitment to delivering timely and relevant information
to our members and at the same time providing our stakeholders with a better understanding of the ferry sector
in Canada.
It is clear that the ferry sector will remain a major part of Canada’s transportation and economic infrastructure in
the years ahead. As Canada’s economy continues to recover, CFOA and its membership are excited to see the
results of the Footprint Survey reflect the key contributions that ferry operators make in driving Canada’s
economy, building Canadian communities, and meeting the transportation needs of Canadians every day.
We welcome your feedback.
Sincerely,
Serge Buy
Chief Executive Officer
Canadian Ferry Operators Association
4
Introduction
Established in 1987, the Canadian Ferry Operators Association
(CFOA) represents ferry owners and operators across the country
and is the national voice of the ferry industry in Canada. CFOA
has over 70 members, and its ferry operators account for all of
the major ferry routes in Canada.
Whether they are small businesses or large corporations, whether they operate a single ferry or an entire fleet,
CFOA’s ferry operators provide services to help meet the diverse transportation needs of Canadians, and they
form an integral part of Canada’s transportation network.
In carrying commuters to and from work, bringing tourists to their destinations and providing vital goods and
services to remote communities, Canada’s ferry operators help connect people and markets across the country
every day.
With Canada’s vast coastlines, lakes and river systems, CFOA’s ferry operators will continue to play a fundamental
role in the country’s economic and social development, now and in the years to come.
The CFOA’s Footprint Survey
The ferry sector continues to be a major part of Canada’s transportation and economic infrastructure, and there
is a pressing need for a comprehensive snapshot of the sector in order that its economic and social significance be
better understood. In an effort to provide such an overview, from March to July 2013 CFOA conducted a
fact-finding survey of its membership, as well as surveying non-CFOA ferry operators across the country. The
information gathered from the survey is presented here, and it provides a clearer picture of the sector’s socioeconomic footprint.
5
(Courtesy of British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.)
CFOA’s Footprint Survey gathered information at both the national and regional levels for 2010-2012. It provides
data on several facets of the ferry sector, including:

the number of ferry routes operated in Canada;

the number of vessels providing service on Canadian waterways;

the number of passengers and vehicles that CFOA ferry operators transport annually;

the total assets of CFOA ferry operators and their annual operating budgets; and

the number of people that CFOA ferry operators employ.
In addition to the above, this report also provides insight into the role that Canadian ferry operators play in the
introduction of new technologies, the protection of marine environments and the safe delivery of ferry services
across the country.
In providing a more complete picture of the ferry sector’s significance, it is hoped that CFOA’s Footprint Survey
will promote a further understanding of the substantial contributions that ferry operators make in driving
Canada’s economy, building Canadian communities and meeting the transportation needs of Canadians.
6
Ferry Operators in Canada
Transportation through waterways has always been a fundamental part of Canada’s history. From the First
Nations transporting passengers by canoes through rivers, lakes, and parts of the oceans, to the early explorers,
there has always been an emphasis on the transportation of people by boats. By connecting roads through rivers
and lakes, and by providing access to islands, ferries have helped to expand the reach of Canadian sovereignty,
develop the country’s natural resources and build communities and local economies across Canada.
Today, the ferry sector continues to play an integral role in Canada’s economic and social development, and
Canada has a significant number of ferry operators. Ferries are operated across the country and are not limited
to provinces and territories with large lakes or lengths of shoreline. Although there are some 65 organizations
operating ferries in Canada as of this writing, CFOA’s 20 member-operators1 account for all major Canadian ferry
routes and handle approximately 90% of the nation’s ferry traffic. In fact, in 2012, CFOA ferry operators:

Operated a fleet of nearly 180 ferries;

Employed approximately 8,400 people and helped generate more than 22,600 jobs;

Transported over 45 million passengers and 17.5 million vehicles; and

Held assets of over $2.7 billion.2
Ferries form an essential part of Canada’s transportation systems, and ferry operators provide vital economic
connections for Canadians across the country.
Table 1 – Ferry Operators in Canada
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Total
1
2
CFOA Members
7
2
3
2
5
1
20
Non-members
4
11
15
1
13
1
45
See Appendix 1 for a list of CFOA members.
Due to the unavailability of data, some CFOA members’ information is not included in this amount.
7
Total
11
13
18
3
18
2
65
Types of Ferry Operators
There are a variety of organizations that provide ferry services in Canada, ranging from small privately-run
companies to large crown corporations. Most of these organizations operate their ferry routes directly; however,
operators with large service areas can commission the provision of ferry services to other ferry operators. While
the majority of ferry operators in Canada are commercial enterprises, almost half include provincial governments
and their agencies, crown corporations, municipalities, and First Nations. For example:

The Owen Sound Transportation Company, an agency of the Province of Ontario, provides passenger, vehicle,
and cargo ferry services in northern and southwestern Ontario;

The City of Toronto operates ferries servicing the Toronto Islands, while the Toronto Port Authority’s ferry
service brings passengers to and from the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport;

TransLink, Metro Vancouver’s regional transportation authority, provides a ferry service connecting
downtown Vancouver with the city’s North Shore;

First Nations’ governing bodies, such as the Beausoleil First Nation and the Chippewas of Georgina Island,
operate ferry services to and from their territories; and

Marine Atlantic Inc., a crown corporation, offers ferry services between Newfoundland and Labrador and
Nova Scotia.
Table 2 highlights the different types of ferry operators and their locations across Canada:
Table 2 – Types of Ferry Operators
Commercial
Enterprises
CFOA
Other
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Canada
Total
3
1
0
0
3
0
7
3
10
6
0
10
0
29
36
Provincial Governments
CFOA
Other
3
0
1
2
1
1
8
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
10
Government agencies,
Crown Corporations
CFOA
Other
1
1
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
8
Cities, Municipal
Authorities
CFOA
Other
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
6
0
1
0
9
10
First Nations
CFOA
Other
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
4
4
Number of Vessels
Over 280 ferries provided service on Canadian waterways in 2012, with CFOA members operating 179 vessels.3
The size of ferry operators’ fleets and the types of vessels that they operate vary from location to location and are
highly dependent upon the waterways that they service and the needs of their passengers. Table 3 below
provides an overview of the number of ferries operated in Canada in 2012.
Table 3 – Number of Vessels
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Total
CFOA
49
22
7
19
77
5
179
Other
7
15
24
7
48
1
102
Total
56
37
31
26
125
6
281
(Courtesy of Ontario Ministry of Transportation)
Canadian Ferry Routes
In 2012, Canadian ferry operators provided service on some 181 routes, 112 of which were operated by CFOA
members4. The number of routes that ferry operators service can vary greatly depending on local demand and
the capacity of the operator. For example, smaller ferry operators such as the Beausoleil First Nation and the City
3
4
See Appendix 2 for a list of ferry operators and the number of vessels they operate.
See Appendix 3 for a list of ferry routes and services by region.
9
of Prince Rupert provide ferry services on a single route, while larger ferry organizations, like BC Ferries, service
destinations on a number of ferry routes.
While most ferry routes in Canada are located in coastal regions, Canada’s numerous lakes and rivers also make
inland ferry services a necessity for many Canadians. The table below provides an overview of the location of
ferry routes across Canada:
Table 4 - Number of Canadian Ferry Routes
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Total
CFOA
35
12
6
18
37
4
112
Other
6
12
18
7
25
1
69
Total
41
24
24
25
62
5
181
Types of Ferry Services
Canadian ferry operators are able to provide a variety of ferry services to help meet the diverse transportation
needs of Canadians. Whether they are short crossings that transport daily commuters or long ferry routes that
link remote coastal communities, ferry operators provide services that form a vital part of Canada’s
transportation infrastructure. For example:

Ferries provide Trans-Canadian Maritime Links on 14 routes on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, connecting
Maritime provinces and linking islands with the Canadian mainland. In fact, the route between North Sydney,
NS, and Port aux Basques, NL, operated year round by Marine Atlantic Inc., is mandated under the
Newfoundland Act;

Ferries also provide links to remote communities in isolated regions that depend upon water transportation
for everyday travel, the delivery of goods and services, and tourism. In many cases ferry routes are the only
means of transportation to these communities, and the 70 routes that provide these services are essential to
local residents;

In cities like Vancouver, Halifax and Toronto, 11 ferry routes function as extensions of municipal
transportation, carrying thousands of commuters and other passengers across harbours and to nearby
islands;

86 ferry routes also provide essential road network links, connecting roads and highways across rivers and
lakes, and providing an alternative to bridge crossings.
10
Table 5 – Types of Ferry Services
Trans-Canadian Maritime
Links
CFOA
Other
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Canada
Total
5
0
0
0
6
0
11
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
14
Links to Remote Communities
CFOA
Other
17
6
2
1
22
0
48
1
2
7
0
12
0
22
Municipal
Transportation
CFOA
Other
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
70
2
0
4
0
2
0
8
11
(Courtesy of British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.)
11
Road Network Links
CFOA
Other
13
6
4
17
6
4
50
0
10
7
7
11
1
36
86
Economy
Canadian ferry operators play an active role in helping drive
Canada’s economy. Every day, ferries keep Canada moving by
bringing thousands of workers to work, students to school, tourists
to their destinations and goods to market, including essential
services to local communities.
Ferries facilitate growth and trade by carrying millions of cars, trucks and buses across Canada’s waterways each
year and provide vital economic lifelines to many communities. In fact, ferry-dependent communities can
experience notable declines in economic activity with reductions in ferry traffic.5
Canada’s ferry operators also help foster economic growth by making capital investments in new vessels and
technologies, as well as by purchasing the services that they need to operate and maintain their fleets and
terminals. They enhance the creation of wealth by directly employing over 8,400 people, helping generate over
22,600 jobs and by facilitating the growth of many local businesses that rely on serving ferry passengers. In
keeping Canada moving, ferry operators are helping to build communities and local economies across Canada.
(Courtesy of Marine Atlantic Inc.)
For example, the Report of the Expert Panel on a Yarmouth-US Ferry noted that communities in southwest Nova Scotia
(specifically the Yarmouth & Acadian Shores region) experienced declines in tourism and related economic activities when ferry
services were reduced.
5
12
Keeping Canada Moving
Ferry Passengers
In 2012, CFOA ferry operators transported over 45 million passengers to destinations across the country.6 Taken
together with the Canadian rail (73 million passengers annually),7 and aviation sectors (60 million passengers
annually),8 CFOA’s ferry operators play a significant part in meeting the nation’s transportation needs.
Despite the important role that ferry operators play in Canada’s transportation systems, the ferry sector has not
been immune to the world-wide economic slowdown.9 CFOA’s Footprint Survey shows a decline in the number
of ferry passengers carried by CFOA members over the past three years, with total ridership dropping from 46.6
million passengers in 2010 to 45 million passengers in 2012, a decrease of 3.3%. However, the decline in
passenger numbers has slowed significantly as Canada’s economy continues to recover, with passenger numbers
decreasing by only 0.4% between 2011 and 2012.
The CFOA Footprint Survey also indicates that the changes in ferry passenger traffic from 2010-2012 were not
uniform across the country and had significant regional variations. For example, passenger volumes increased in
the Atlantic (+0.7%) and Prairie provinces (+6.2%), while British Columbia (-4.1%), Quebec (-3.2%), Ontario
(-12.7%) and Northern Canada (-1.7%) all saw notable decreases in passenger numbers over this period.
Table 6 and Graph 1 below provide a regional overview of ferry passenger traffic in Canada from 2010-2012.
Table 6 – Passengers Carried by CFOA Members 2010-2012
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Total
2010
2011
% Change
2010 - 2011
2012
% Change
2011-2012
% Change
2010-2012
8,178,249
5,613,482
1,903,726
639,571
30,053,540
256,967
46,645,535
8,140,610
5,498,950
1,781,486
556,995
29,046,800
257,764
45,282,605
-0.5%
-2.0%
-6.4%
-12.9%
-3.3%
0.3%
-2.9%
8,237,999
5,432,268
1,662,146
679,41610
28,824,259
252,614
45,088,702
1.2%
-1.2%
-6.7%
22.0%
-0.8%
-2.0%
-0.4%
0.7%
-3.2%
-12.7%
6.2%
-4.1%
-1.7%
-3.3%
CFOA members account for approximately 90% of Canadian ferry traffic volume.
Railway Association of Canada, http://www.railcan.ca/education/facts.
8 National Airlines Council of Canada, http://www.airlinecouncil.ca/en/fuelling-our-economy.html.
9 Monteiro, Joseph et al., p. 2.
10 As the Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure’s 2012 ferry passenger volumes were not available as of this
writing, the historical average passenger volumes provided by Saskatchewan have been included in this figure.
6
7
13
Graph 1 - CFOA Ferry Passengers by Region 2010-2012
35,000,000.00
30,000,000.00
25,000,000.00
20,000,000.00
15,000,000.00
10,000,000.00
5,000,000.00
Atlantic
Quebec
Ontario
2010
2011
Praries
2012
14
British Columbia Northern Canada
Transporting Vehicles
In addition to carrying passengers, Canada’s ferry operators transport millions of cars, trucks and buses across
Canada’s waterways each year. In fact, CFOA’s Footprint Survey found that in 2012, CFOA ferry operators
transported over 17.5 million vehicles, connecting people and markets across the country.
(Courtesy of Owen Sound Transportation Company)
As with the number of ferry passengers, the number of vehicles transported by CFOA members from 2010-2012
varied significantly from region to region. While Ontario (-6%), British Columbia (-4.9%), and Northern Canada
(-3.1%) saw overall decreases in vehicle numbers, significant gains in vehicle traffic were observed in Quebec
(+25.7%), as well as the Atlantic (+4.8%) and Prairie provinces (+8.3%).
15
Table 7 and Graph 2 provide a regional overview of the vehicles carried by CFOA members from 2010-2012.
Table 7 – Vehicles Carried by CFOA Members 2010-2012
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
Total
2010
2011
% Change
2010 - 2011
2012
% Change
2011-2012
% Change
2010-2012
4,184,946
2,163,607
857,944
345,717
9,566,971
145,087
17,264,272
4,263,466
2,245,124
843,109
296,789
9,416,224
149,185
17,213,897
1.9%
3.8%
-1.7%
-14.2%
-1.6%
2.8%
-0.3%
4,384,699
2,718,789
806,401
374,50411
9,095,042
140,580
17,520,015
2.8%
21.1%
-4.4%
26.2%
-3.4%
-5.8%
1.8%
4.8%
25.7%
-6.0%
8.3%
-4.9%
-3.1%
1.5%
Graph 2 - Vehicles Transported by CFOA Members by Region 2010-2012
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
Atlantic
Québec
Ontario
2010
2011
Prairies
British Columbia
Northern Canada
2012
As the Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure’s 2012 vehicle traffic volumes were not available as of this
writing, the historical average vehicle traffic volumes provided by Saskatchewan have been included in this figure.
11
16
In general, the CFOA Footprint Survey points to an overall decrease in ferry ridership for the period of 2010-2011,
reflected in reduced numbers of both passengers (-2.9%) and vehicles transported (-0.3%). As noted earlier, the
world-wide economic slowdown had a significant impact on ferry traffic in Canada,12 as subsequent reductions in
the standard of living in several Canadian provinces affected13 the ability of Canadians to travel for leisure.
Canada’s continued economic recovery did, however, slow the decline in passenger numbers from 2011-2012 and
can be linked to the 1.8% increase in vehicle traffic during the same period.
As noted above, the CFOA Footprint Survey points to significant regional variations in ferry traffic. Of particular
note:

Despite passenger traffic decreases from 2010-2011, the Atlantic provinces saw notable increases in the
numbers of passengers (+1.2%) and vehicles transported (+2.8%) in 2012;

In response to the significant increase in vehicle traffic in Quebec over the course of 2010-2012 (+25.7%), the
Société des Traversiers du Québec (STQ) plans to introduce larger ferries on many routes in the years ahead;

With sustained economic and population growth in the Prairie provinces,14 significant increases in both ferry
passenger (+6.2%) and vehicle traffic (+8.3%) were observed from 2010-2012. Declines in overall traffic from
2010-2011 can be attributed to ferry closures on the South Saskatchewan River due to high-water levels in
May and June of 2011, as well as the closure of the Weldon, SK ferry’s approach road in July and August of the
same year;

In Ontario, the drop in passenger and vehicle traffic was continuous throughout 2010-2012 and can in part be
attributed to a decline in the province’s real economic growth;15

Ferry passenger traffic dropped by 4.1% from 2010-2012 in British Columbia. A recent study has noted that
many British Columbians contend that higher fares have led to declines in both ridership and tourism, and as
a result many ferry-dependant coastal communities are experiencing the negative socio-economic effects of
the out-migration of families and local businesses.16
Monteiro, Joseph et al., p. 2.
Dale Orr Economic Insight. The Impact of the Recession on Canadians
http://www.economicinsight.ca/economic_docs/2009nov_impactonstandardofliving.pdf
14 Statistics Canada. Gross domestic product by industry: Provinces and territories, 2012. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/dailyquotidien/130426/dq130426a-eng.htm
15 Commission on the Reform of Ontario’s Public Services, 2012. www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/reformcommission/chapters/report.pdf
16 Kirk & Co. Consulting Ltd. & Mustel Group, B.C. Coastal Ferries. Consultation and Engagement. Fall 2012. Consultation and
Engagement Summary Report. February 2013.
http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/publications/reports_and_studies/BC_Coastal_Ferries_Consultation_and_Engagement_Summary_Report_
20130301.pdf
12
13
17
Contributing to Canada’s Economy
CFOA ferry operators contribute to Canada’s economic growth by employing Canadians, making capital
investments to upgrade their fleets and procuring the services necessary to operate and maintain their ferries. In
fact, the CFOA Footprint Study reveals that the annual operating budgets of CFOA ferry operators have grown
steadily over the past three years, amounting to over $1 billion in 2012 and growing 9.3% over the course of
2010-2012.
Graph 3 - Annual Operating Budgets of CFOA Ferry Operators
1,040,000,000
$1,028,615,477
1,020,000,000
$988,948,427
1,000,000,000
980,000,000
960,000,000
$940,786,323
940,000,000
920,000,000
900,000,000
880,000,000
2010
2011
2012
Employing Canadians
Ferries are places of work for thousands of Canadians across the country. CFOA ferry operators not only provide
jobs on board their ferries, but they also provide numerous employment opportunities in administrative
occupations, as well as in customer service positions in ferry terminals. In fact, a number of the employment and
business opportunities that CFOA ferry operators generate are in communities that depend upon ferry traffic for
jobs and economic growth. In 2012, CFOA ferry operators directly employed 8,423 people, in addition to helping
generate over 9,700 indirect and 4,500 induced jobs.
18
Table 8 – Number of CFOA Ferry Operator Employees 2010-2012
2010
2011
2012
Permanent Full-time
Permanent Part-time
5,381
307
5,435
313
5,368
324
Seasonal Full-time
Seasonal Part-time
2,147
571
8,406
1,986
611
8,345
2,072
659
8,423
Total
In employing thousands of Canadians, CFOA ferry operators spent over $437 million on salaries in 2012. The
CFOA Footprint Survey indicates that spending on salaries increased from 2010 to 2012, growing by 3.0%. In
2012, the average annual earnings for CFOA ferry operator employees was $51,909, above the Canadian average
and significantly above the average annual earnings for those who live in a number of ferry-dependent
communities. For example, a 2008 study commissioned by the Capital Regional District noted that the average
employment income in BC’s Southern Gulf Islands was approximately $22,926.17
Table 9 – CFOA Ferry Operator Employee Salaries 2010–2012
Total Salaries
Average Annual Earnings
2010
$424,347,489
$50,482
2011
$430,173,788
$51,549
2012
$437,227,209
$51,909
EcoPlan International. Southern Gulf Islands COMMUNITY TOURISM STUDY PART 1: TOURISM PROFILE. 2008.
www.crd.bc.ca/documents/Part_One-Tourism_Profile.pdf
17
19
Charting the Course
In addition to providing vital transportation services to Canadians
and helping drive Canada’s economy, CFOA’s ferry operators also
help the ferry sector chart the way forward by playing a proactive role in the introduction of new and more
efficient technologies, the protection of Canada’s waterways and marine environments and the safe delivery of
ferry services across Canada.
(Courtesy of Société des Traversiers du Québec)
20
Protecting the Environment
In order to continue to provide safe, reliable and environmentally friendly ferry services along Canada’s
waterways, CFOA’s ferry operators make ongoing investments in the modernization of their fleets, the
implementation of cleaner, more efficient technologies and improvements to ferry terminals. Additionally, in
March 2013, CFOA became a member of Green Marine, a joint Canada-U.S. initiative aimed at improving the
environmental performance of marine companies in areas such as air emissions, community impacts and
environmental leadership.
(Courtesy of British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.)
CFOA members’ introduction of new ferries and terminals is helping to minimize the sector’s impact on marine
environments and has led to reduced ferry loading times, speedier crossings and improved customer experiences.
For example:

In 2008, BC Ferries launched the three largest double-ended ferries in the world,18 designed to exceed the
environmental standards set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Environmental
protection Agency (EPA). Capable of carrying 370 vehicles and over 1600 passengers across the Strait of
Georgia, each vessel includes features such as onboard sewage treatment plants and high-efficiency
propulsion systems;

Expected to be operational in 2015-2016, Marine Atlantic’s new North Sydney terminal will be modern,
efficient, environmentally friendly and provide passengers with access to downtown business amenities;
Double-ended ferries have interchangeable bows and sterns, allowing them to shuttle back and forth between two terminals
without having to turn around.
18
21

In 2015, the Société des Traversiers du Québec (STQ) plans to introduce North America’s first three dual-fuel
liquefied natural gas (LNG) ferries, whose advanced propulsion and maneuvering systems will provide
for more environmentally friendly crossings on the STQ’s Tadoussac-Baie-Sainte-Catherine and Matane-BaieComeau-Godbout routes.
CFOA ferry operators are committed to exploring the use of environmentally friendly fuels such as biodiesel and
liquefied natural gas. The use of LNG in new ferry designs will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25% and
reduce maintenance costs. It will also lead to significantly cleaner engine operations.
CFOA’s ferry operators are committed to the protection and sustainability of Canada’s waterways. By working
with government organizations and observing Canada’s environmental laws and regulations, CFOA’s ferry
operators are helping to protect Canada’s marine environments and preserve the country’s unique natural
splendour.
Marine Safety
(Courtesy of Coast Mountain Bus Company)
Safe and secure marine transportation systems are a necessity for a strong Canadian economy. Transport Canada
is responsible for Canada’s transportation policies and programs, and it promotes efficient and safe marine
transportation through the Canada Shipping Act.
22
For its part, CFOA is committed to the highest professional and operational standards and promotes the safe
delivery of ferry services across Canada. CFOA proactively contributes to marine safety and security by taking
part in regular consultations with Transport Canada and by providing information to CFOA members and fostering
their initiatives. The efforts of CFOA and its members have contributed to a notable safety record in ferry
transportation, for example:

The Transportation Safety Board (TSB) reported only 14 accidents involving ferries in 2012, a reduction of over
40% from the previous year; and

In 2011 and 2012, the TSB reported zero ferry accidents involving injuries or fatalities.
Given the thousands of ferry trips taken across Canada each year, this safety record speaks to the commitment of
CFOA ferry operators in putting the safety of the public, and their crews, first and foremost.
Graph 4 - TSB Reported Accidents Involving Canadian Ferries
30
24
25
20
20
14
15
10
5
0
2010
2011
2012
23
Summary
Transportation through waterways has always been a fundamental part of Canada’s history, and the ferry sector
continues to play an integral role in Canada’s economic and social development. Ferries form an essential part of
Canada’s transportation systems, and ferry operators provide vital economic connections for Canadians across
the country.
CFOA’s Footprint Survey has provided a clear illustration of the ferry sector’s significance, as well as valuable
information about ferry operators themselves:

By transporting over 45 million passengers and 17.5 million vehicles, and by helping generate more than
22,600 jobs, CFOA ferry operators played a significant part in helping grow the Canadian economy in 2012.
CFOA’s ferry operators carried Canadians to and from work each day, delivered tourists to their destinations,
transported essential goods and services, facilitated trade and connected people and markets across the
country;

In operating nearly 180 ferries servicing over 110 routes, and by providing essential transportation services,
CFOA ferry operators form an integral part of Canada’s transportation infrastructure, help meet Canadians’
transportation needs and provide vital links to Canada’s remote communities;

By investing in new technologies and more efficient vessels, by committing to the protection of Canada’s
waterways and marine environments and by contributing to a noteworthy industry safety record, Canadian
ferry operators provide a safe and environmentally friendly means of transportation.
The survey has also revealed that with overall decreases in ferry ridership for the period of 2010-2011, the ferry
sector was not immune from the effects of the world-wide economic slowdown. It has, however, illustrated the
resilience of the sector, pointing to increases in vehicle traffic as Canada’s economy continues to recover.
The ferry sector remains a major part of Canada’s transportation and economic infrastructure, and CFOA’s survey
has provided a high-level overview of the sector’s social and economic footprint. While further research may be
conducted to provide a more in-depth look at the industry, or specific issues that it faces, the results of this
survey have demonstrated that ferry operators continue to make key contributions in driving Canada’s economy,
building Canadian communities and meeting the transportation needs of Canadians every day.
24
Appendices
Appendix 1: CFOA Members
Member-Operators










British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.
CAI Nunatsiavut Marine
CTMA
Coastal Transport Limited
Coast Mountain Bus Company
Government of British Columbia
Government of Manitoba
Government of New Brunswick
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
Government of the Northwest Territories










Government of Nova Scotia
Government of Ontario
Government of Saskatchewan
Marine Atlantic Inc.
Northumberland Ferries / Bay Ferries Limited
Owen Sound Transportation Company
Pelee Island Transportation Company
Seaspan Ferries
Société des Traversiers du Québec
Victoria Harbour Ferry Co. Ltd.





















GE Power Conversion Canada
Hamilton Jet
Inland Liferaft & Marine Ltd.
l’Institut Maritime du Québec (Cégep Rimouski)
International Paint
Kongsberg Maritime
Lengkeek Vessel Engineering
Liferaft Systems Australia
Lloyd's Register
MTU Detroit Diesel
National & Marine Fire Services
Rolls-Royce Canada Ltd.
Schneider Electric
Schottel, Inc.
Sperry Marine
Springfield Marine
STX Canada Marine
Techsol Marine
The Shipowners Protection Ltd.
Toromont Cat
Tul Safety Equipment / Bell Marine
Industry Participant Members





















ABB
ABS Americas
Allswater Marine Consultants Ltd.
Aon Reed Stenhouse Inc.
Atlantic Tractors & Equipment
B.C. Ferry and Marine Workers' Union
Capilano Maritime Design Ltd.
Ceiling Works
Chantier Naval Forillon
Concept Naval
CPCS
Cullen Diesel Power Ltd.
Damen Shipyards
DBC Marine Safety
Det Norske Veritas
Diesel Injection Sales and Service
Don Brentons
DSS Marine
E.Y.E. Consultants
Fiskerstrand BLRT A/S
Fleetway Inc.
25



UES Seating
Victaulic
Voith Turbo


Associate Members




3GA Marine
Compass Risk Management
Seafire Training Ltd.
Yarmouth Area Industrial Commission
26
Wajax Power Systems
Wartsila Canada
Appendix 2: Canadian Ferry Operators
CFOA Member-Operators
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
# of Vessels
Government of British Columbia
British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.
CAI Nunatsiavut Marine
Coastal Transport Limited
CTMA
Government of Manitoba
Marine Atlantic Inc.
Government of New Brunswick
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
Northumberland/Bay Ferries Limited
Government of the Northwest Territories
Government of Nova Scotia
Government of Ontario
Government of Saskatchewan
Owen Sound Transportation Company
Pelee Island Transportation Company
Seaspan Ferries
Société des Traversiers du Québec
Coast Mountain Bus Company (Vancouver Seabus)
Victoria Harbour Ferry Co. Ltd.
16
35
2
5
2
6
4
9
17
3
5
9
4
13
1
2
7
20
3
16
Other Operators
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
# of Vessels
Government of Alberta
Aquabus Ferries Inc.
Beausoleil First Nation
Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (Toronto Port Authority)
Black Ball Ferry Line
Blue Water Ferry
Chippewas of Georgina Island
City of Prince Rupert
City of Toronto
Clarke Inc.
7
11
2
2
1
1
2
1
5
1
27
11) Clipper Navigation Inc.
12) CMT Canadian Maritime Transport, Ltd.
13) CNB Compagnie de Navigation des Basques
3
1
1
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
Compagnie de Gestion de Matane (COGEMA)
Corporation Of Loyalist Township
County of Frontenac
East Coast Ferries Ltd.
False Creek Ferries
Horne Transportation Co. Ltd.
Kona Winds Charters
Labrador Marine Inc.
Lady Rose Marine Services
Lax Kw'alaams Band Ferry Corporation
Metlakatla Development Corporation (Metlakatla Ferry/ Northco Ferry Service)
1
1
1
2
13
1
2
1
1
1
2
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
MetroTransit
Municipalité de la Côte-Nord du Golfe du Saint-Laurent
Municipality of Red Lake
Nootka Sound Service, Ltd.
Ontario Northland
Parks Canada
Pictou Island Charters
Protection Island Ferry (Dinghy Dock Pub & Restaurant)
Relais Nordik
Société Inter Rives de l’Ile Verte
Township of Frontenac Islands
Traverse Laval-sur-le-Lac/Île-Bizard
Traverse Lefaivre/Montebello
Traverse Oka Inc.
Traverse Rimouski-Forestville
Traversiers Bourbonnais
Traversier Le Passeur Inc.
Walpole-Algonac Ferry Line Ltd.
WaterBridge Ferries Inc.
Western Pacific Marine Ltd.
Yukon (Highways and Public Works, Transportation Maintenance)
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
5
6
1
28
Appendix 3: Canadian Ferry Services by Region
Atlantic
CFOA Ferry Operators
TransCanadian
Maritime Links




Links to
Remote
Communities




Other Operators
Bay Ferries Ltd.
1. Saint John – Digby
CAI Nunatsiavut Marine
1. Blanc Sablon – Corner Brook (seasonal) (operated on
behalf of Newfoundland and Labrador (Department of
Transportation and Works, Marine Services))
Marine Atlantic Inc.
1. North Sydney – Port Aux Basques
2. North Sydney – Argentia (seasonal)
Northumberland Ferries Ltd.
1. Wood Islands– Caribou (seasonal)

CAI Nunatsiavut Marine
1. Goose Bay – Nain (seasonal) (operated on behalf of
Newfoundland and Labrador (Department of
Transportation and Works, Marine Services))
2. Goose Bay – Black Tickle (seasonal) (operated on behalf
of Newfoundland and Labrador (Department of
Transportation and Works, Marine Services))
Coastal Transport Limited
1. Blacks Harbour – Grand Manan Island
2. Grand Manan – White Head Island
3. Letete – Deer Island
Newfoundland and Labrador (Department of Transportation
and Works, Marine Services)
1. Bell Island – Portugal Cove
2. St. Brendan's – Burnside
3. Fogo Island – Change Islands – Farewell
4. Little Bay Islands – Long Island – Pilley's Island
5. Charlottetown – Norman Bay – Williams Harbour – Port
Hope Simpson
6. La Poile – Rose Blanche
7. Ramea – Grey River – Burgeo
8. François – Grey River – Burgeo
9. Gaultois – McCallum – Hermitage
10. Rencontre East – Bay L'Argent – Pool's Cove
11. South East Bight – Petit Forte
New Brunswick (Department of Transportation,
Maintenance & Traffic Branch)
1. Kennebecasis Island Ferry (F44): Operates on
Kennebecasis River between Kennebecasis Island and
Summerville off Rte 845 on the Kingston Peninsula
(seasonal).

29

East Coast Ferries Ltd.
1. Deer Island – Campobello (Late June – End
September)
2. Deer Island – Eastport Maine (Late June –
Early/Mid-September)
Labrador Marine Inc.
1. St. Barbe – Blanc Sablon (seasonal) (operated on
behalf of Newfoundland and Labrador
(Department of Transportation and Works,
Marine Services))
Pictou Island Charters
1. Caribou – Pictou Island (May – November)

Municipal
Transportation
Road Network
Links


New Brunswick (Department of Transportation,
Maintenance & Traffic Branch)
1. Gagetown Ferry (F 46): Across Saint John River
between Gagetown on Rte. 102 and Lower Jemseg off
Rte. 715.
2. Belleisle Bay Ferry (F85): Operates on Belleisle Bay
between Rte. 124 and Rte. 850.
3. Evandale (F49) Across Saint John River between
Evandale on Rte. 102 and Rte. 124.
4. Westfield (F60, F79): Across Saint John River between
Grand Bay-Westfield on Rte. 177 and Hardings Point off
Rte. 845.
5. Gondola Point (F98, F99): Operates on Kennebecasis
River between Gondola Point on Rte. 119 & Rte. 845 on
the Kingston Peninsula.
6. Summerville-Millidgeville (F 95): Operates on
Kennebecasis River between Sandy Point Road in the
City of Saint John and Summerville off Rte. 845 on the
Kingston Peninsula (seasonal).
Nova Scotia (Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal)
1. LaHave – Bridgewater (LaHave – East LaHave)
2. Country Harbour, Guysborough County
3. Little Narrows, Victoria County
4. Englishtown, Victoria County (Englishtown – Jersey
Cove)
5. Tancook Island – Chester
6. Petit Passage at Digby Neck (Petit Passage – Tiverton)
7. Grand Passage at Digby Neck (Grand Passage Freeport
– Westport)
30
MetroTransit
1. Halifax – Dartmouth
2. Halifax – Woodside
Québec
CFOA Ferry Operators
Links to
Remote
Communities


Road
Network
Links

Other Operators
CTMA
1. Prince Edward Island – Îles de la Madeleine
2. île d’Entrée–Cap-aux-Meules (seasonal) (operated on
behalf of STQ)
3. Montréal – Québec – Chandler – Îles de la Madeleine
(seasonal) (operated on behalf of STQ)
Société des Traversiers du Québec (STQ)
1. L’Isle-aux-Coudres – Saint-Joseph-de-la-Rive
Routes operated in partnership
2. L’Isle-aux-Grues–Montmagny (seasonal) (operated by
the Municipalité de L’Isle-aux-Grues; STQ has operated
the route since January 1, 2013).
3. Harrington Harbour – Chevery (seasonal) (operated in
partnership with Municipalité de la Côte-Nord du Golfe
du Saint-Laurent on behalf of STQ. The passengers are
transported by taxi boat, the goods with STQ barge).

Société des Traversiers du Québec (STQ)
1. Sorel-Tracy – Saint-Ignace-de-Loyola
2. Québec – Lévis
3. Tadoussac – Baie-Sainte-Catherine
4. Matane – Baie-Comeau – Godbout
Routes operated in partnership
5. Rivière-du-Loup – Saint-Siméon (seasonal) (operated by
Clarke Inc. on behalf of STQ).
6. Saint-Augustin – Pakuashipi (The transport of passengers
by hovercraft has been operated by STQ since April 1st,
2012. The transport of goods is operated in partnership
with Transport Driscoll on behalf of STQ).








31
Relais Nordik
1. Rimouski – Sept-Îles – Port-Menier – Havre-SaintPierre – Natashquan – Kegaska – La Romaine Harrington Harbour – Tête-à-la-Baleine – La
Tabatière – Saint-Augustin – Blanc-Sablon
(seasonal) (operated on behalf of STQ)
Société Inter Rives de l’Ile Verte
1. Notre-Dame-des-Sept-Douleurs (Ile Verte) – L'IsleVerte (end April/May – mid November) (operated
on behalf of STQ)
CNB Compagnie de Navigation des Basques
1. Trois-Pistoles – Les Escoumins (late May - early
October)
Compagnie de Gestion de Matane (COGEMA)
1. Matane – Baie-Comeau
2. Matane – Port Cartier (occasional)
3. Matane – Sept-Iles (occasional)
4. Matane – Havre-Saint-Pierre (occasional)
Traverse Laval-sur-le-Lac/Île-Bizard
1. Île-Bizard – Laval-sur-le-Lac (April – November)
Traverse Oka Inc.
1. Oka – Hudson (April – December)
Traverse Rimouski-Forestville
1. Rimouski – Forestville (May - September)
Traversiers Bourbonnais
1. Cumberland – Masson
Traversier Le Passeur Inc.
1. Pointe Fortune – Carillon (May – December)
Ontario
CFOA Ferry Operators
Links to
Remote
Communities

Other Operators

Pelee Island Transportation Company
1. Pelee Island – Leamington (March – July) / Kingsville
(August – December)
2. Pelee Island – Sandusky (April – October)







Municipal
Transportation

Road Network
Links


Ontario ( Ministry of Transportation)
1. Wolfe Island – Kingston (Wolfe Island Ferry)
2. Glenora – Adolphustown
3. Abitibi River Crossing – Highway 579 (Gardiner Ferry)
Owen Sound Transportation Company
1. Tobermory – South Baymouth (May – October)







32
Beausoleil First Nation
1. Cedar Point - Christian Island (seasonal)
Chippewas of Georgina Island
1. Georgina Island – Virginia Beach (seasonal)
Corporation of Loyalist Township
1. Amherst Island Ferry / Millhaven Wharf – Stella
Wharf
Municipality of Red Lake
1. Cochenour – McKenzie Island (seasonal)
Ontario Northland
1. Moosonee – Moose Factory Island (seasonal)
Parks Canada
1. Honey Harbour – Beausoleil Island
Township of Frontenac Islands
1. Wolfe Island – Simcoe Island
Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (Toronto Port
Authority)
1. Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport – Bathurst Street
Terminal/Toronto
City of Toronto
1. Toronto Island Ferry Terminal, Bay Street –
Hanlan's Point
2. Toronto Island Ferry Terminal, Bay Street –
Centre Island Park (seasonal)
3. Toronto Island Ferry Terminal, Bay Street –
Ward's Island
Blue Water Ferry
1. Sombra– Marine City
CMT Canadian Maritime Transport, Ltd.
1. Detroit – Windsor
County of Frontenac
1. Howe Island Ferry
Horne Transportation Co. Ltd.
1. Wolfe Island – Cape Vincent
Township of Frontenac Islands
1. Howe Island – west of Gananoque
Traverse Lefaivre/Montebello
1. Lefaivre – Montebello (April – December)
Walpole-Algonac Ferry Line Ltd.
1. Walpole Island – Algonac
Prairies
CFOA Ferry Operators
Other Operators
Link to
Remote
Communities

Manitoba (Northern Airports & Marine Operations)
1. Matheson Island (seasonal)
Road
Network
Links

Manitoba (Northern Airports & Marine Operations)
1. South Indian Lake
2. Split Lake – York Landing (seasonal)
3. Islandview – Bloodvein (seasonal)
4. Sea Falls – Norway House (seasonal)
Saskatchewan (Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure)
1. Estuary: North of Estuary on Grid Road (mid-April to
mid-November).
2. Lemsford: North of Lemsford (mid-April to midNovember).
3. Lancer: North of Lancer between Highways 30 and 32
(mid-April to mid-November).
4. Riverhurst: Highway 42 (mid-April to mid-November).
5. Clarkboro: Between Warman and Aberdeen on Grid 784
(mid-April to mid-November).
6. Hague: East of Hague from Highway 11 (mid-April to
mid-November).
7. St. Laurent: East of Duck Lake on grid road between
Highway 11 and 225 (mid-April to mid-November).
8. Fenton: Between Highway 25 and 3 on Grid Road (midApril to mid-November).
9. Weldon: Between Highway 3 and 302 north of Weldon
(mid-April to mid-November).
10. Paynton: Between Highway 16 and 26 on Grid 674 (midApril to mid-November).
11. Wingard: East of Marcelin on grid road between
Highway 40 and 11 (mid-April to mid-November).
12. Cecil: Between Highway 302 and 55 east of Prince Albert
(mid-April to mid-November).
13. Wollaston Barge: Hwy 905 to Wollaston Lake community
(mid-April to mid-November).

33

Alberta (Ministry of Transportation)
1. Bleriot Ferry – Highway 838 over Red Deer River
(late April - October 23).
2. Crowfoot Ferry – Local road over Bow River - 5 km
south of Junction of Highways 1 and 56, on Range
Road 201 (April 23 - November 14).
3. Finnegan Ferry – Highway 862 over Red Deer River
(April 20 - November 15).
4. Klondyke Ferry – Highway 661 over Athabasca
River (early May - November 14).
5. LaCrete Ferry – Highway 697 over Peace River
(May 18 - November 10).
6. Rosevear Ferry – Local road over McLeod River
near Highway 16 (May 16 to October 22).
7. Shaftesbury Ferry – Highway 740 over Peace River
(early May to November 7).
British Columbia
CFOA Ferry Operators
TransCanadian
Maritime Links


Links to
Remote
Communities

Other Operators
British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.
Metro Vancouver - Vancouver Island
1. Horseshoe Bay – Nanaimo (Departure Bay) ROUTE 2
2. Tsawwassen – Nanaimo (Duke Point) ROUTE 30
3. Tsawwassen – Victoria (Swartz Bay) ROUTE 1
Seaspan Ferries
1. Tilbury (Delta) – Nanaimo
2. Tilbury (Delta) – Swartz Bay (Victoria)
3. Surrey – Duke Point (Nanaimo)
British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.
Southern Gulf Islands
1. Mill Bay – Brentwood Bay ROUTE 12
2. Victoria (Swartz Bay) – Saturna Island – Pender Island –
Mayne Island – Galiano Island ROUTE 5
3. Salt Spring Island (Long Harbour) – Pender Island –
Mayne Island – Galiano Island – Vancouver
(Tsawwassen) ROUTE 9
4. Victoria (Swartz Bay) – Salt Spring Island (Fulford
Harbour) ROUTE 4
5. Crofton – Salt Spring Island (Vesuvius Bay) ROUTE 6
6. Chemainus – Thetis Island – Penelakut Island ROUTE 20
7. Nanaimo (Nanaimo Harbour) – Gabriola Island
(Descanso Bay) ROUTE 19
Sunshine Coast
1. Comox (Little River) – Powell River (Westview) ROUTE
17
2. Powell River (Saltery Bay) – Sechelt (Earls Cove) ROUTE
7
3. Vancouver (Horseshoe Bay) – Langdale
(Gibsons) ROUTE 3
4. Vancouver (Horseshoe Bay) – Bowen Island (Snug
Cove) ROUTE 8
5. Powell River (Westview) –Texada Island (Blubber
Bay) ROUTE 18
6. Langdale - Gambier Island - Keats Island (passenger
only) ROUTE 13
Northern Gulf Islands
1. Vancouver Island (Buckley Bay) – Denman Island
(Denman Island West) ROUTE 21
2. Denman Island (Gravelly Bay) – Hornby Island (Shingle
Spit) ROUTE 22
3. Campbell River (Campbell River Terminal) – Quadra
Island (Quathiaski Cove) ROUTE 23
4. Quadra Island (Heriot Bay) – Cortes Island (Whaletown
Terminal) ROUTE 24
5. Cormorant Island (Alert Bay) - Malcolm Island (Sointula)
- Port McNeill ROUTE 25
34







Kona Winds Charters
1. Gibson (Langdale) – Keats Island (Keats Landing,
Eastbourne) – Gambier Island (New Brighton)
Lady Rose Marine Services
1. Bamfield & Waypoints: Port Alberni – Kildonan –
Bamfield
2. Ucluelet & Broken Group Islands: Port Alberni –
Sechart – Ucluelet (June – September)
3. Bamfield & Broken Group Islands: Port Alberni –
Sechart – Bamfield (June – September)
Lax Kw'alaams Band Ferry Corporation
1. Lax Kw'alaams – Prince Rupert
Metlakatla Development Corporation (Metlakatla
Ferry Service, Northco Corporation Ferry Service Ltd.)
1. Prince Rupert – Hartley Bay
2. Prince Rupert – Kitkatla
3. Prince Rupert (Cow Bay) – Metlakatla
4. Prince Rupert – Oona River
Nootka Sound Service, Ltd.
1. Gold River (Muchalat Inlet)– Nootka Sound
(Yuquot, Tahsis, Kyuquot)
Protection Island Ferry (Dinghy Dock Pub &
Restaurant)
1. Nanaimo – Protection Island
Western Pacific Marine Ltd.
1. Lasqueti Island Ferry: Vancouver Island (French
Creek Harbour) – Lasqueti Island (False Bay)
North Coast
1. Prince Rupert - Port Hardy including stops at Bella Bella,
Klemtu, with a Fall/Winter/Spring mid-coast connector
service between: Bella Bella – Ocean Falls – Shearwater
– Bella Coola ROUTE 10
2. Port Hardy - Bella Coola - Ocean Falls - Bella Bella Shearwater (summer only) ROUTE 40
3. Prince Rupert – Haida Gwaii/Queen Charlotte Islands
(Skidegate Landing) ROUTE 11
4. Alliford Bay (Moresby Island) – Skidegate (Graham
Island) ROUTE 26
Municipal
Transportation


Road Network
Links

Coast Mountain Bus Company (Vancouver Seabus)
1. Waterfront, downtown Vancouver – Lonsdale Quay,
North Vancouver
Victoria Harbour Ferry Co. Ltd.
1. Victoria Harbour Ferry: Tillicum Landing – Banfield Park
– Selkirk Landing – Railyards – Point Ellice House –
Dockside Landing – Ricemill Landing – Swift Street
Landing – Reeson Landing – Hyack Air – Harbour Air –
Empress Hotel – Delta Ocean Point – Songhees – Coast
Harbourside – Fisherman’s Wharf – Westbay Marina
2. Nanaimo Harbour Ferry: Nanaimo – Newcastle Island
(seasonal)

British Columbia (Ministry of Transportation and
Infrastructure)
1. Francois Lake Ferry: Across Francois Lake on Highway
35, about 26 kilometres south of Burns Lake, from the
community of Francois Lake to Southbank.
2. Lytton Ferry: Across the Fraser River, about 2.4
kilometres north of Lytton. (No service during high
water).
3. Big Bar Ferry: Across the Fraser River, 72 kilometres
west of Clinton. (An aerial tramway for passengers
only—operates when water is low or icy).
4. McLure Ferry: Across the North Thompson River, 43
kilometres north of Kamloops—off Highway 5 (east side
of river)
5. Little Fort Ferry: Across the North Thompson River, 93
kilometres north of Kamloops on Highway 5.
6. Usk Ferry: Across the Skeena River, about 16 kilometres
northeast of Terrace, 0.8 kilometres off Highway 16,
between South and North Usk.

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



Aquabus Ferries Inc.
1. Hornby Street – Granville Island – David Lam Park
– Stamps Landing – Spyglass Place – Yaletown –
Plaza of Nations –The Village
False Creek Ferries
1. Granville Island - Aquatic Centre, Granville Island David Lam Park, Aquatic Centre - Maritime
Museum, Granville Island – Yaletown, Granville
Island - Stamps & Spyglass, Granville Island Science World / Village, Granville Island - Plaza of
Nations
Black Ball Ferry Line
1. Victoria – Port Angeles
City of Prince Rupert
1. Prince Rupert – Digby Island
Clipper Navigation Inc.
1. Victoria – Seattle
WaterBridge Ferries Inc.
1. Upper Arrow Lakes Ferry – Galena Bay & Shelter
Bay: Across Upper Arrow Lake, 49 kilometres
south of Revelstoke on Highway 23, between
Shelter Bay and Galena Bay (operated on behalf
of British Columbia (Ministry of Transportation
and Infrastructure)).
2. Needles Cable Ferry: Across the Lower Arrow
Lake, about 59 kilometres south of Nakusp on
Highway 6, between Fauquier and Needles
(operated on behalf of British Columbia (Ministry
of Transportation and Infrastructure)).
3. Arrow Park Ferry: Across the junction of Upper
and Lower Arrow Lakes at Arrow Park, 22km
south of Nakusp on Highway 6 (operated on
behalf of British Columbia (Ministry of
Transportation and Infrastructure)).
4. Adams Lake Cable Ferry: Across Adams Lake,
20km north of Highway 1 between Chase and
Sorrento. Located approximately 80km northeast
of Kamloops and 50km northwest of Salmon Arm
(operated on behalf of British Columbia (Ministry
of Transportation and Infrastructure)).

Western Pacific Marine Inc.
1. Barnston Island Ferry: Across Parsons Channel on
the south side of the Fraser River between
Barnston Island (north bank of channel) and Port
Kells (south bank of channel). Port Kells is in the
northeast corner of Surrey at the bottom of 104th
avenue (operated on behalf of British Columbia
(Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure)).
2. Kootenay Lake Ferry: Across Kootenay Lake, 35
kilometres east of Nelson on Highway 3A,
between Balfour (west side) and Kootenay Bay
(east side), 70 kilometres from Creston on
Highway 3A (operated on behalf of British
Columbia (Ministry of Transportation and
Infrastructure)).
3. Glade Cable Ferry: Across the Kootenay River on
Highway 3A (22.5 kilometres west of Nelson) to
Glade (operated on behalf of British Columbia
(Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure)).
4. Harrop Cable Ferry: Across Kootenay River, on
Highway 3A, 24.5 kilometres northeast of Nelson
and 8 kilometres west of Balfour to the
communities of Harrop and Procter (on the south
bank) operated on behalf of British Columbia
(Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure)).
Northern Canada
CFOA Ferry Operators
Road Network
Links

Other Operators
Northwest Territories (The GNWT Department of
Transportation)
1. The M.V Lafferty Ferry at the Liard River Crossing on
Highway 1 near Fort Simpson (seasonal).
2. The Johnny Berens Ferry – crossing on Highway 1 at Km
551.8 (seasonal).
3. The Abraham Francis Ferry – crossing Highway 8 near
Fort McPherson (seasonal).
4. The Louis Cardinal Ferry – crossing Highway 8 near
Tsiigehtchic (seasonal).
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
Yukon (Highways and Public Works, Transportation
Maintenance)
1. George Black Ferry: Across the Yukon River
linking Dawson with West Dawson and the Top
of the World Highway (mid-May - mid-October).
References
1. Commission on the Reform of Ontario’s Public Services, 2012.
www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/reformcommission/chapters/report.pdf.
2. Dale Orr Economic Insight. The Impact of the Recession on Canadians
http://www.economicinsight.ca/economic_docs/2009nov_impactonstandardofliving.pdf.
3. Kirk & Co. Consulting Ltd. & Mustel Group, B.C. Coastal Ferries. Consultation and Engagement. Fall 2012.
Consultation and Engagement Summary Report. February 2013
http://www.coastalferriesengagement.ca/documents/report/BC_Coastal_Ferries_Consultation_and_Engage
ment_Summary_Report_20130301.pdf .
4. Monteiro, Joseph et al., Changing Currents in the Canadian Ferry Transport Sector.
5. National Airlines Council of Canada, http://www.airlinecouncil.ca/en/fuelling-our-economy.html.
6. Railway Association of Canada, http://www.railcan.ca/education/facts.
7. Statistics Canada. Gross domestic product by industry: Provinces and territories, 2012.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130426/dq130426a-eng.htm
8. Report of the Expert Panel on a Yarmouth-US Ferry. RE-ESTABLISHING A YARMOUTH-US FERRY? An Analysis of
the Issues. August 2012: http://www.gov.ns.ca/econ/docs/Yarmouth-US%20Ferry_Panel_Report-FINAL.pdf.
9. EcoPlan International. Southern Gulf Islands COMMUNITY TOURISM STUDY PART 1: TOURISM PROFILE. 2008.
www.crd.bc.ca/documents/Part_One-Tourism_Profile.pdf
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