museum of new mexico - New Mexico Office of Archaeological Studies

MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO
OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES
THE 124 KEARNEY ROAD BURIALS (LA 120430): REPORT ON HUMAN REMAINS
RECOVERED FROM A WATER METER EXCAVATION NEAR DOWNTOWN SANTA
FE, NEW MEXICO
Stephen S. Post, Nancy Hanks, Ph.D.,
and Eric G. Ozolins, Vincent H. Stefan, and Joseph F. Powell, Ph.D.
Submitted hy
Timothy D. Maxwell
Principal Investigator
ARCHAEOLOGY NOTES 248
SANTA FE
1998
NEW mxrco
ADMINISTRATIVE SUMMARY
On November 13, 1997, the Office of Archaeological Studies (OAS), Museum of New
Mexico, excavated human remains
at the request ofthe City o f Santa Fe for PNM Watcr Services.
The excavation was conductedby Stephen S. Post and Steven A. Lakatos, under 1997 Annual Human
Burial Excavation Permit ABE-241. Excavationand subsequent analysis and archival studies have
complied with theCity of Santa Fe Archaeological Review
Districts’ ordinance, “Archaeological
R.eview Committee Policy Regarding MinimumStandards for Treatment Plans (Adopted 1/19/95),”
archival research for properties located in the “Historic Downtown (14-75.15F[2]),” and “14-75.21
Human Remains (E).” Excavation was conducted according to theOffice of Archaeological Suudies’
Manual~jiwthe Archaeological Treatment qf’HzununRemains. The site was registered as LA 120430
in the New Mexico Cultural Resources Information System files, Archeological Records
Management Section, Historic Preservatim Division in Santa Fe.
Excavation revealed partial skeletal remains of t h e individuals. These remains wereplaced
within a small pine box, and located on top of a waterline that was probablyinstalled around 1940.
Examination of thetrench profiles indicated that these partial skeletal remains wererestncted to the
limits of the original water line trench. Associated artifacts and dental worksuggest that these
individuals were interred during the nineteenth century.
Archival research indicates that the burials were originally located i n a small cemetery that
was associated with achapel, east of La Garita, a well-known SpanishColonial site located on the
low hill or terrace below the historic Fort Marcy. The houseat 124 Kearney Road and the adjacent
lots closely overlay the limits ofthe historic cemetery and it is likely that other skeletal remains exist
within the undisturbedspaces of these three lots. Exact age, religious affiliation, and ownershipof
the cemetery could not be determined from the archival research or personal interviews. The
cemetery and chapel were constructed during the eighteenth century, but their ownership or
institutional affiliation are poorly documented for the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Examination of church andcity records did not clarify the chronological or ownership issues. Title
documents indicate that the first residences that were within the cemetery boundaries were
constructed in 1940. There is no mention of the cemetery or the disposition of human remains i n the
title documents. Thearchaeological context of the skeletal remains suggests that they were exposed
by house construction or utility installation and rcburicd in a small box within thc fill of the watcr
line trench.
Bioarchaeological analysis of the human remainsrevealcd a minimumof fivc individuals:
four adults (two male and two female) and one child (sex unspecified). There werealso unspecified
remains that could not be attributed to these five individuals. Chronological age of the individuals
range from eighteen months to 55 years. Biological afhities were three Caucasian individuals and
one Hispanicindividual. The child could not be assigned a biological afiinity. Analysisof skeletal
element representation reflect reburial ofpreviously exhumedremains, rather than remains that were
left behind after exhumation.
Final disposition of the human remains willbe at the Rosario Catholic Cemetery i n Santa Fe,
New Mexico. This is at the request of the Catholic Archdiocese of SantaFe. In preparation for final
disposition, a public notice was placed in the Santa Fe New Mexican
for four days. Responsc time
was advertiscd as 30 days and no r c s y - x , . '-,;,,descendants or d a t e d individuals or inslitutions were
received. The City of Santa Fc waivei Lheir possessory claims to the human remains, clearing the
way for final dispositionby the Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe. Thc skeletal remains will be
delivered to the Archdiocese for reburial upon acceptance of this report by the New Mexico Historic
Preservation Division and the City of Santa Fe Archaeological Review Committee. Artifacts
recovered during the excavation will be permanently curated at the Archaeological Research
Collections, Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico in Santa Fe.
...
111
CONTENI’S
Administrative Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Cultural-Historical Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Excavation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Procedures for Notifying Next of Kin orRelated Groups and Final Disposition
oftheHumanRemains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Status of the Notification and Disposition Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X
9
ExcavatiollResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trenchstratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human Remains and Burial Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Artifact Assemblage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
10
10
14
16
Archival Research on 124 Kearney Road. Santa Fe. New Mexico by Nancy Hanks . . . . . . . . . 1 X
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Historic Land Ownership andUse of the Area around 124Kearney Road . . . . . . . . . . 1 X
A BioarchaeologicalAnalysis of Human RcmainsRecovered from LA 120430. the Kearney
Road Site. Santa Fe. New Mexicoby E . G . Ozolins. V . H . Stefan. and J . F . Powell . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Osteological Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sumrnary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
40
44
48
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
.............................................................
50
Appendix 1. Disposition Correspondence and Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 2 . Deeds and Documents from the Archival Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 3. Rioarchaeological Analysis Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
59
References Cited
39
39
39
X0
Fi mres
1. Project vicinity map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 . Plan viewof water meterinstallation and burial pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
3 . Stratigraphic and excavation profile
of the water line trench and burial box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
iv
4 . Joseph d'Urrutia. Planto dela Villa de Smtu Fe. Capital de Nuevo Maico. I766 . . . . . . . . 21
5 . Lt . W . H . Emory and Lt . J . F . Gilmer, Reconnaissance oj'Santa Fe and its Environs. 1846 . 22
6. 1.t . J . F . Gilmer. Plan of Santu Fe. New Me.xico, 1846 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
7 . H . Hartmann. Map of the City ofSantu Fe. N.M., 1885-86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
8. P . C . Caynor. Map of'Santa Fe. New Mexico. I892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
9. Map of the La Garita Addition to the Ciry qfSunta Fe. NM., belonging to A . B . Renehutl . . 26
I O . Plat of La Garita site in La GaritaAddition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
11. Section of White's map. Incorporation Limits of Sunta Fe. 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%X
12. Plat ofFort Marcy Heights. Map No . 2. 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13. Tract of LundSzrrvgyed.for Grace Bowman. Precinct I S . Sunta Fe. NM. 1930 . . . . . . . . . . 30
14. Plat oj'Keurny Addition. 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
15. ALTMACSMLand Title Survey o f l o t 9. Kearn-y Addition. 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
16. Plot of Relative Frequencies of Skeletal Element Representation for Four Historic
Skeletal Assemblages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
Plates
1 . The cemetery behind La Garita. to the rear of Sylvanus G . Morley's house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 . View from the topof the Masonic Ternplc. Campo Sunlo. Chapel. and La Garitu . . . . . . . . 34
3 . View from thc topof the MasonicTemple. c'umnpo Sunto. Chapel. and La tiaritu . . . . . . . . 35
4. Ruins of the chapel adjacent to the cemetery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
5 . View from the topof the Masonic Temple. showing "x wall ofthe C'umpo Sunto . . . . . . . . 37
6. View from the top of the MasonicTemple. 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
Tables
1. Prehistoric pottcry types by vessel form and portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
2. Chipped stone artifactsby material type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IS
3 . Wirc- and square-cut nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
4. Relative element frequencies. per MNI. for four historic skeletal assemblages . . . . . . . . . . . 45
V
INTRODUCTION
On Novcmber13, 1997, the Office of Archaeological Studies (OAS) was contacted by Ms.
Heather Pierson, City Planning Division, concerning human remains that were encountered during
a water meter relocation at 124 Kearney Road (LA 120430; NMCRTS No. 58972) (Fig. 1). PNM
Water Services (PNM) for the Sangre de Cristo Water Company v.?s installing the water meter. Work
was stopped, the City and Archaeological Revicw C'OL~.-..LL, 2~ Santa Fc County Sheriff
Department, the State Historic Preservation Division, ar.i . - . x Oftice ofthe Medical Investigator were
notified. The human remains were determined to be morethan 75 years old. Bccause oftheir age,
archaeological excavation of the human remains was then required under State of New Mexico
statute (Section 18-6-1 1.2 NMSA 1978) and the city statute (Division 3, Archaeological Review
Districts, 14-75 Archaeological Review Districts, 14-75.21 Human Remains and 14-75.22
Unexpected Discoveries). Excavation was conducted by Stephen S. Post and Steven A. Lakatos of
the Museum of New Mexico,Office of Archaeological Studies.
LA 120430 was located within unplatted lands of the City of Santa Fe Grant, Santa Fe
County, NMPM;
Funds for excavation, analysis, report writing, and production were provided by PNM Water
Services and the City of Santa Fe through the Archaeological Review Committee's contingency fund.
The archaeological excavation, artifactanalysis, project coordination, andreport compilation and
production were theOAS's responsibilities. The osteological analysis was performed by Dr. Joseph
Powell, assistant curator andprofessor, and Eric G. Ozolins and VincentH. Stefan, departmentof
anthropology and Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico. Archival research
was completed by Dr. Nancy Hanks, Historical Research and Mapping, Santa Fe, New Mexico. The
New Mexico Historic Preservation Division contact was Mr. Daniel Reiley. The Catholic
Archdiocese of Santa Fc contact persons were Rev. Juan Mendez and Ms. Marina Ochoa.City or
Santa Fe contact persons were Ms. Heather Pierson, Ms. A;:,->: Condon, and Ms. Lidia Garm
Morales. PNM Water Services contact person wasMr. Gene Leyendecker.
1
2
CULTURAL-HISTORICAL CQN'I'EX1
The culture-history of the S a m Fc: area spans 12,000 years ofhuman occupation. Occupation
evidence includes isolatcd Paleoindian tools and extensive, b u r deeply buried Archaic hunter-gatherer
camps accounting for10,500 years. The remains of these early mobile populations arc supplantcd
by early pilhousc scttlernents of the first seasonally sedentary farmers by A.D. 900, which expand
into the extensive ancestral adobe pueblos of Fort Marcy,thc Schoolhouse site near the S m t a € e City
Hall and down the Santa Fe River to the Agua Fria Schoolhouse sitcat the San Ysidro crossing.
Following a crescendo of settlement circa A.D. 1350, there is a restructuring ofpopulation centers
that results in the abandonment ofthe middle and upper Santa Fc River, including the plaza and Fort
Marcy area, by A.D. 1450. The area remained unsettled until Spanish settlcrnent i n A.D. 1hOX. l h e
period from A.D. 160s topresent is well documented in history books as well as many cultural
resources management documents related to downtown Santa Fe development. The reader is rt:femed
to the synthetic secondary sources for overviews of local and regional prehistory and history (C'ordell
1979; Stuart and Gauthier198 1; Pratt and Snow 1988; Elliott 1988).
Clearly, the history of downtown Santa Fe is one of sequential and overlapping constnnction,
expansion, restructuring, and rebuilding. The ebb and flow of city growth has lefi a11 archamlogical
record with a swiss-cheeselike pattern. In other words, the earliest ancestral Pueblo settlements and
the Spanish Colonial,Territorial, and early Statehood sites and locales are holes or windows of
varying size that areisolated from related components by commercial and rcsidential buildings,
which have removed the intervening portions of'the archaeological record.
LA 120430 at 124 Kearney Road is a perfect example of the patchy archaeological record
that lies below, bctween, and in some cases redepositcd on top of later residences orinstitutions. In
fact, the documented archaeological record of La Garita area, which includes the low rise below Fort
Marcy incorporating Otero Strect, Magdalena Avenue, Kearney Road and Avenue, and Fort Marcy
Hill, arc a patchwork that continually yield small bytes ofinfonnation on the middle Developlnental
to early Classic periods and all the historic period.Roughly eleven archaeological or archival investigations have been completed in La Garita
area. These investigations combinewith the LA 120430 archival study to provide contcxt for the
human remains recovercd from 124 Kearney Road.
The earliest evidence of human occupation was found in the limited cxcavations at 320
Kearney Street (LA 11 1 and LA 609) by David Snow (1989b). In a mixed prehistoric-historic
cultural deposit, herecovered White Mound and Red Mesa Black-on-white pottery, which were
probably of western San Juan Basin origin and made between A B . 800 and 900 (Snow 19S9b).
Chipped and ground stone andlow frequencies of animal bone indicated that the artifacts remained
from a domestic occupation. No architectural remains or domestic features wcre exposedby thc
excavation. Snow (1989b) surmised that the middle Developmental and later-aged refuse was
redcposited downslope fromFort Marcy by fort construction.
Similar pottery, but mostly Red Mesa Black-on-white, suggesting an A.D. 900 to 1000
occupation, was recovered by TRC Mariah Associates (Acklen 1994) during their testing of Fort
Marcy (LA 609). Based on the excavation evidence, they suggested heavy Developmental period
3
settlement ofthe hill, but almost no subsequent occupation, at least in the areathat they examined.
In line withSnow’s invcstigation they found no architectural or domestic featurc remains. tiowcver,
lhc refuse was strong evidencc for domestic usc ofthe Fort Marcy site, pcrhaps by scasonal fanncrs.
Settlement sizeand structure could not be determined from the test excavations.
The best documented excavation is Regge Wiseman’s work (1989) at the KP site ( L A
46300), Magdalena Compound. Exposed by construction was the cross-section o f a pit structurc that
was determined to be 4 m in diameter and 2 m deep(Wisernan 1989:19). From the excavation, 1
complete utility ware jar, 12 partial Kwahe’e Black-on-white vessels, a partial Cham Black-on-white
duck pot, 5 partial utility jars, 2,262 sherds, 1,714 pieces of core reduction and tool production
dcblis, 11pro-jectile points, 12 projectile point preforms, 27 hammerstones, 1.3 rrlanos and 3 metate
fragments, 6 antler tines, 6 bone awls, miscellaneous beads, clay pipes and figurines, hh nearly
complete corn cobs, evidence of squash, beeweed, barrel cactus, cattails, and 1,500 animal bones and
fragments were recovered. At least two temporal components were indicated by the radiocarbon and
dendrochronology. These occupationsoccurred during the middleA.D. 1000s to early A.D. I 100s
and the middle A.D. 1100s (Wiseman 19&9:122-125).Thc structure filled with refuse from the later
occupation, indicating that the site extended beyond the immediate area. The Kp excavation revealcd
a ycar-round domestic occupation that combined agriculture with a wide variety of wild food
rcsourccs and a matcrial cultural that used a wide range of locally available materials. Regional
interaction was represented by the Cibola-style White Ware potlery and thc Socorro Black-on-white
pottery.
Rcfusc from the late Developmental period was also recovered by Snow from his
investigations at 301 Otero Street (1.9XC)a)and 320 Kearney Street (1989b). Again, the evidence
suggcsts an intensive use of the Fort Marcy Hill and LA Garita arca during themiddle A.D. 1000s
and 1 100s. Snow’s excavationat 320 Kearney Street yielded a rew shcrds of Santa Fe Black-onwhitc and Wiyo Black-on-white. Elliott’s (1987) monitoring of grading at La Campanilla Compound
on 334 Otero Street also yielded Santa Fe Black-on-white and Wiyo Black-on-white. ‘Thesescattcrcd
sherds and associated artifacts remain from a larger pueblo that purportedly exists on Fort Marcy
Hill, and wasmcntioned by Bandelier in 1890, but is otherwise poorly documented. The TRC-Mariah
Associates excavations on Fort Marcy Hill were expected to expose part of this large Coalition-early
Classic period pucblo, but was unsuccessful (Acklen 1994). Fort construction and modern residential
and park construction have probably combined to fragment thc pueblo and obscure it from
archacological examination.
Archaeological evidence of historic period use of La Garita and Fort Marcy Hill have been
mainly documented by Wozniak’s archival background for Old Fort Marcy (1992)’ TRC-hlariah
Associates test excavation at Old Fort Marcy (Acklen 1994), and Bruce Ellis’s excavations at La
Garita (1978). Ellis’sexcavation is most germaneto this project because of its proximity.
La Garita, or as Ellis called it “Santa Fe’s Little Fort,” stood as a ruin until 1954 u,hena
proposed apartment complex spurred the Museum of New Mexico to investigate the relationship
between the structure and its various archival and oral histories. These histories are hrielly
summarized by Hanks in this report and are detailed along with the results of the archaeological
investigation by Ellis in his 1978 El Pdacio article.
Excavation revealed La Garita’s foundation and last interior floor plan. The foundation walls
averaged A5 cm wide and were placed into 30 crn footings forming a diamond-shaped outline. These
4
footings wcrc built into the fill of an “Indian house mound” (Ellis 1978:14). The stonefoundation
was constructed as a singleunit as evidenced by bonding ofthe bastion walls with the interior
structurc walls. The upper walls were constructed ofadobc
were about 28 by S O by 8 cm, which
Ellis observed were wider and longer, but thinner than modem bricks (1978: 14). Postholes found
close to the interior walls were suggested to be scaffold supports that allowed the wallto be patrolled.
The interior ofthe fort was a placita and therefore unroofed (Ellis 1978:17). Numerous tloors within
the placita suggested long-term use. Animal dung indicate that it was used as a livestock pen during
its latter years in the nineteenth century. Ponderosa pine from the scaffold posts yielded A.D 1802
to 1805 cutting dates, suggestingconstruction at the end of’the Spanish Colonial occupation.
Excavation of the placita floor revealed a torreon foundation. ‘The torreon, a cylindrical
defensive structure, was not dated, but Ellis suggested that it was constructed in the late seventeenth
or early eighteenth ccntury(1978: 18). The torreon was reduced to a SO-cm-thick and 30-cm-deep
foundation. Tt had been excavated by earlier “treasure-seekers” who exposed the underlying Coalition
pcriod pueblo. It is possible that LaGarita was built on top of the torreon, but that lhc
tomeon was
razed and not part of La Garita occupation.
Interestingly, Ellis’s excavation yielded 614 manufactured non-Indian arlil‘acts. Only 9 could
be assigned to a post-1 845 period, not counting the hand-wrought nails. The lack o f eighteenth- and
nineteenth-century refuseundoubtedly reflects refuse discard outside La Garita walls a d pcrhaps
post-occupation rcrnoval of fill from the surrounding arca. ‘The sturdy cnnstruction of La Garila and
the many usc surfaces indicate that it was consistently occupied until i t s ahandoruncnt. I lowever, we
know relatively little about the activities and socio-economic status of residcnts: except frorn the
archival information.
Prcscnted in Ellis’s article were numerous photographs of La Garitaand the surrounding
area. Thcse wereuseful for our investigation when trying to locate the LA 120430 burial site relative
to La Garita, and placing La Garita relativc to the chapel and cemetery that wcre to the northeast. It
is this chapel and cclnetery that are thesource ofthc LA 120430 human remains, as Hanks outlines
in this report.
5
EXCAVATION METHODS
On November 13, OAS responded to an unexpected discovery of human remains at 124
Kearney Road. The remains were exposed by water meter installation at the junction of the
residence’s north property wall and the sidewalk. The PNM Water Services crew had trenched across
the sidewalk into the street attempting to locate the original water line.
Arriving at the site around 2:30 p.m., T found what was initially assigned theAdult 1 skull,
assorted long bones, ribs, vertebra, and other elements carefully placed on the sidewalk to the west
of the water meter excavation. Other elements were visible in the backhoe excavation backdirt on the
east side of the meter excavation. Adult 1 had been examined by a team from the Oftice of the
Medical Investigator and was determined to be old enough to fall under the state law covering
unmarked graves. Their determination placed the project in the archaeological investigation catcgory
rather than the criminal investigation category. With this determination the state burial law and the
Santa Fe city archaeological ordinance requirements became opcrative. The excavation proceeded
swiftly according to the requirements of state statute and thc city ordinance so that the watermeter
installation could continue.
The first task on the afternoon of November 13 was to remove the human remains from the
sidewalk and sccure them frompublic view. The elements wcrc wrapped in acid-free tissue paper and
boxed as Adult I because at this time we believed there was only one individual represented.The
remainder ofthe afternoon was spent trying to locate the water pipe. If the water pipe was galvanizcd
iron, then a new line would have to be laid, which would entail a more extensive utility excavation.
If a copper line was found, then PNM would tap into the existing line andmove the walcr meter to
the sidewalk location. Clearing thc water meter pit exposed the oullines of a woodenbox. ‘This was
forhmate because the box provided cxcavation limits and also suggcsted that the human remains wcrc
restricted to a small area.
Hand-excavation 34 cm below the box bottom located the water line at the western cxueme
of the excavation pit. The line passed under the box, suggesting that the human remains were
encountered during the water line installation and were reburied in the same localion.The box
appears to predate the original water installation, which also suggests that the original utility
installation crew encountered the boxed remains and simply put them back into the
trench after the
line was installed. That potential sequence of events would mean that the human remainshad been
moved from their original interment location to the 124 Kearney Road location, were encountered
by thc original water lineinstallation crew and then reburied, only to bc found by the 1997 water
mcler relocation by PNM.
On ‘Thursday,November 14, Steve Lakatos and I returned to the water meter excavation
to
finish theexhumation and to determine if other human remains were present.Initial clearing of the
fill on top ofthe elements showed that they were wholly contained within the box that had been noted
the daybefore. Elements were not scattered outside the box, except for thosc that had been displaced
by the current watcr mctcrinstallation. With the elements restricted to the box, the excavation
human remains from the
focused on exposing majorelements of the reburial and removing all the
box. Because the human remainshad been exhumed, boxed,and potentially moved twicc, it was
unlikely that there would be valid information pertaining to initial interment or mortuarypractices.
6
In fact, the behavior we were most likely to document was the act of collecting scattercd human
elements and boxing them ascompactly and expediently as was possible.
As standard procedure, the elements were exposed in place and mapped withelevations taken
for major elemcnts or bone clusters. The fill surrounding thebones was screened through '/;-inch
mesh, and the associated artifacts werc bagged by elevation or within an arbitrary level designation.
Bccause the bones were piled or stacked, upper bones were removed to expose the more deeply
buried bones. Photographs were taken as necessary andconvenient; the excavation proceeded during
a driving snow storm and conditionswere not always suited to photography. All the recovered
elements were grouped and wrapped in acid-free tissue paper and stored in standard repository burial
boxes.
The upper 10 to 15 cm ofredeposited trench fill within the box was an undifferentiated mass
of small bones (see Fig. 2) mixed with three long bones, a diagonally upright sacrum (which was i n
good condition), and ribs andvertebra that were associated with the sacrum. Thc A2 skull, which was
in the northeast corner of the box, was covered with fill and bones. The A3 skull was not visible
beneath the boneand dirt mass that filled the western half of the box. Because the A3 skull was not
visible, all the bones recovered from this upper 10 to15 cm were assigned to individual A2. This is
the manner in which they were boxed and cleaned. With the discovery of thc A3 skull, their apparent
association is tenuous.
Removal of the longbones and sacrum exposed the A3 skull lying on the box lloor amidst
a relatively intact pelvis and assorted ribs, vertebra, tarsals, and carpals. The pelvis, sacrum, assorted
ribs and vcrtcbra wereundoubtedly from the same individual, but cannot be securely assigned to
either individual A2 or A3. Removal of the A2 and A3 skulls revealed no further buried elements.
From thc vertical distribution of the skeletal elements, it appears that the skulls were placed
in the bottom of thebox, so that individual A1 was probably lying on the box floor before it was
removed by the backhoe. The other clements were piled on top ofthe skulls and then covered by the
lid of thc box. Because there was soil enveloping the bones and bclow the skulls,it is probablc that
the box was encountered during the original water line installation and reburied; fill entercd through
thebroken box lid and mixed with the bones. It is my suggestion that had this only been a secondary
intcnnent within a box, less soil would have mixed with the skeletal elements. When the box was
encountered by the original water line
installers, it was in good enough shape to hold the bones
during installation and reburial, but could not withstand the backfillingof the waterline trench.
After thebones were removed, the box was measured. A plan view and profile were drawn
showing thebox, thc old water line trench, the new excavation, pcrtinent stratigraphic divisions, and
the spatial relation of the water metcr excavation to the housewall, sidewalk, curb, andstreet. The
till within and surroundingthe human remains was described.
Returning to the laboratory, the human remains were temporarily placed in secure storage.
Soon after the excavation was completed the skeletal remains were lightly brushed to remove excess
dirt and repackaged for transport to the human osteology laboratory at the Maxwell Museum of
Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Artifacts were separated by class and
inventoried. They included historic and prehistoric items and are briefly described in this rcport. They
will be submitted to the Archaeological Research Collections of the Museum of Ncw Mexico in
Santa Fe for permanentstorage.
7
PROCEDURES FOR NOTlFYING NEXT OF KIN OR RELATED GROUPS A N D FINAL.
DISPOSITION OF THE HUMAN REMAlNS
Upon completion of the excavationand removal of the h u m a n remains to the OAS, it was
a requirement of state law that we attempted to identify and notify living persons who may be rclated
to the remains, and submit and implcment a disposition plan for the human remains and associated
artifacts. The following is the plan that was submitted to the New Mexico Historic Preservation
Division on Januasy J4, 1998.
To attempt to identify and notify living persons who may be related t o the rcmains:
1 . Osteological analysis of the human remains is being conduckd by Dr. Joseph Powell,
Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University ofNew Mexico. Dr. Powell will provide an
assessment of the ethnicity of the human remains and adetermination of the age, sex,and
pathologies, and an inventory ofthe human remains by individual. Preliminary analysis has
bcen completed and Dr. Powell has determined that thc five individuals are not Native
American.
Since the human rcmains arc determined to be of European or non-Native American ancestry. then
the following steps will be takcn to identify and notify living persons and [or h a 1 disposition ofthe
human remains:
1. Archival research as required by the archaeological ordinancc of the City of Santa F'e
(Archaeological Review Districts 14-75.1s Historic Downtown, Procedures: Reconnaissance
and Reports) will be conducted to determine the age and affiliation o f the chapel and
campsanto that were presentin proximity to LA 120430 until the early 11350s.
2. If the affiliation of the chapel can be determined, then the existing religious institution or
assigned representatives will be infomed,their comments rccorded, and the desired actions
implemented.
3 . If the affiliation of the chapel cannot be determined, then a legal notice will bc placed in
the Suntu Fe New Mexicnn, a local newspaper, giving the location of the burials, the
approximate age, and theintention to allow the Archdiocese of Santa Fe to rcbunl the
remains ifno comments arereceived within 30 daysofthe notice.
4. If no comments are received concerning the disposition of the humanremains, then they
will be given to the Archdiocese of Santa Fe for reburial in Rosario Cemetery.The contact
person withthe Archdiocese of Santa Fe will be Father Robert Mcndez, 1301 Osage AV~IWC,
Santa Fe, Ncw Mexico 87505.
5. The City of Santa Fe will be notified of the dispositionplan and written release of the
human remains will be obtained prior to reburial by the Archdiocese of Santa Fe.
Final disposition of the human remains will follow the completion of the osteological
analysis and after the deadlines for living relative or represcntative comments have cxpired.A final
8
report.will bc submitted to the State Historic PreservationOfficer within 12 months ofthe November
13, 1997, excavation date.
Status of the Notification and Disoositioll Plan
As outlined in the notification plan, an attempt was made hy Dr. Nancy Hanks to identify
the religious or institutional affiliation of the chapel and cemetery that were located on or near LA
120430. Dr. Hanks's efforts were negative in that no official institution could be identified. The
Archdioccsc of Santa Fe wascontacted and their records showed no chapel or cemetelyin this area.
Recause no institutional affiliation could be determined, a notice wasposted in the The New Mt.xiccm
with a 30-day response period (a copyofthe notice is included in Appendix 1 )" The O A S received
no response to this notice. Therefore, the request by the Archdiocese of Santa Fe to rebury the
remains at liosario Cemeterywill be honored.
The City of Santa Fe wasnotified of our intent to give the human remainsto the Archdiocese
of Santa Fe for burial. The city was asked to relinquish any ownership orclaims to the remams. A
letter was received from Ms. Lidia Morales, assistant city attorney, verifying that the city code had
been met andthat the city would relinquish any claimto the human remains (a copy of the letter is
in Appendix 1).
9
EXCAVATION RESULTS
The excavation at LA 120430 focused on defining the limits of the human remains, the burial
context, and the age and biological affinity ofthe individuals. This section will address burial conlext
and associated artifacts. Age and possible biological affinities arc addressed by Ihc bioarchaeological
analysis.
Trench Stratigraphy
The water meter installation was locatedat 124 Kearney Road on thc south side of thc street.
The installation excavation extended fiom the front, wallof thc house inlo the slrccl covering a 1.40
111 north-to-south by an 0.80 to 1.15-m area east-to-west (Fig. 2). Water meter excavation rcrnovcd
the sidewalk, cut throughthc cement curb, and extended into the asphalt-paved street. The decpcst
excavation was 1.60 m below the sidewalk.As shown in Figure2, the human remains were in the
northwest portion of the excavated area.
Backhoc and hand-excavation exposed four main strata (Fig.3). Stratum 1 was the 1ti-cmthick asphalt layer that paved the street. Stratum 2 was an 18-cm disturbed brown sand infilsed with
granular asphalt. This soil was an imported base layer used to prepare the street surface forpaving.
Stratnm 3 was a 56-cm-thick laycr of brown fine sandy loam that was moderately consolidatcd, will1
a loose blocky structure, infused with charcoal, and 1 to 5 percenl pca gravel. This layeris the GI1
that was removed during thc original water line installation and used to backfill the trench. Stratum
4 was a 70-cm-thick layer of brown, finesilty consolidated loam with a blocky struclurc and very
fine silly laminations containingcharcoal flecks and prehistoric artifacts. This soil reflects gradual
filling o f a deep depression and is similar to pit structure fill, suggesting that the water lineand the
human remains areactually within the limits of a prehistoric, possibly late Developmental period,
pit structure.
The fill within and above thc burial boxconsisted of two strata. Above the box is a disturbed,
medium-grained sandy loam impregnated with subangular granitic rocks and pebbles (Stratum 5 ) .
This layer is heavily root-intruded and in contact with the rotted remnant of thc box lid. The fill
within the box is mixed with disarticulated human remainsand consists ol'laminated,fine-grained
sandy loam impregnated with clmcoal and prehistoric artifacts. This fill is similar to Stratum 4of
the water linetrench. As shown in Figure 3, the copper water linc was located 40 cm below the
bottom o f the box. It is the superpositioningof the burial box over the water line that
proves the
burial box was placed in the water line trench after the linc wasinstalled.
Human Remains and Burial Box
Located 0.80 m to 1.20 m below the sidewalk was the wooden box containing the partial
remains of five individuals and miscellancous unassigned skeletal elements. Excavation within the
wooden box showed that the skeletal remains were disarticulated. Field examination identified three
10
1
."
124 Keorney Road Property
front yord
11
A'
A
See note
bo t t o# m o f pine t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . , ./ /.' .. ' .. *. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... ... ... .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. ... ... ... ... .... ., .. ~. /. ~
. . .,. .. . . . . . .
. ,
\LL./.
. . . . .
-
Note Thls zone was comprised of a disarticulated
mass ot postcranial elements. It was difflcuit to
differentiate between inalviduals Lorig bones tended
to be aboveor betweerl the skulls. Four elements, in
addition to the crania, were on the box bottom as
though soil and bone were put in the box together.
-
0
Figure 3. Stratigraphic and excuvution prqfilc ?#*thewater line trench and huriul hu.w.
12
20cm
crania, which were assigned as Adult 1. Adult 2, and Adult 3 . A small mandible fragment from a
juvenile was dcsignated Child 1. Rioarchaeological analysis of the skeletal remains idcntificd live
individuals (two adult males, two adult females, a child ofundeiermined sex>,and a sixth individual
cornpriscd 01’ commingled adult dental and postcranial elements that could not be assigned t.o the
other fiveindividuals.
Adult 1 (Individual A) and numerous postcranial elements were collected from the backhoe
excavation, The cranium is assessed as female (Individual B, see Ozolins et al., this report). The
postcranial elements were assessed as adult male and lack definite association with any 01’ thc thrcc
crania that were recovered. Thislack of association between the cranium and posrcranial elements
removed by the backhoeunderscores the mixed condition ofthe skeletal remains before they were
disturbed by the current water meter installation.
Excavation cxposcd commingled postcranial elements lying on top of and along the sides
of two crania (Individuals C and D). This bone and soil mass was 22 cm thick . A sacrum, ribs, and
long bones wereon top of where the Adult 3 cranium (Individual D) was lying. Many postcranial
elements within the burial box could not be assigned to an individual and wcrc combined into
Individual F. Adult 2 (Individual C) was lying face downwith a crushed maxilla cmbedded i n the
cranium. Adult 3 (Individual D) had the distal or basal portion of the cranium lying flat on the box
floor with the frontal portion facing north. The crania wereplaced in the bottom o f the box and the
remaining bones were layered on top, perhaps until the box was filled. A comparison of the LA
I20430 element distribution with other contemporaneous casesor reburial shows that the skeletal
elements recovered from LA 120430 reflect what was collccted for reburial, rather than the elements
that are most commonly left behind (see Ozolins ct al., this report). Tn the caseof LA 120430, the
assemblage of“what is picked up” resulted from multiple graves disturbed by excavation, with the
exposed bones collected and boxed, and then reburied i n the water line trench. Thc prcsence of ;3 few
skeletal elements from many individuals suggeststhat in some casesonly part 01’ the graves were
disturbed by house construction or utility line installation, while in the case oflndividual A, most of
the gravewas disturbed and the bones collected for reburial.
The burial box was recorded in the field without collecting pieces for permanent storage. A
sample of the box was identified by Mollie Toll (OAS Staff paleobotanist) aspine. The box, as
excavated, measured 50 cm long, 40 cm wide, and 30 cm deep. The smallbox size indicates that it
never held the complete skeleton of any of the individuals. All nonbone material associated with the
burials had rottcd and disintegrated, and no personal items were recovered from the excavation. The
only historic items were nails from the box, rusted tin, possibly can metal, and low-fire ccramics,
such as a clay gardening pot. Numerous prehistoric artifacts were recovered from the box till, till that
was covering thebone, and from outside the box.
The box was constructed with 2% inch wire-cut box nails, of which aminimum number of
14 were recovered. Wire-cut box nails were manufactured after 1879 and are still inuse today
(Fonlana and Greenleaf1962). The wire-cut nails only date thebox, not the skeletal remains. 11 is
possible that the skeletal remains predate theI BOs, though evidence of dental work described by
Oxolins et al. in this report suggest that the skeletal remains post-date 1800 and most likely date to
the Territorialperiod (AD. 1846 to 1912).
13
The Artifact Assemblage
A mixed assemblage of prehistoric and historic period artifacts were recovered from the
water metertrench, backdirt, burial box, and skeletal remains cleaning. The artifact assemblage will
be presented as a whole for each artifact class because they were recovered fromdisturbed or
redeposited contexts.
Prehistoric Pottery
Thirty-five sherds of prehistoric pottery were recovered. These sherds wcrc typical of pottery
produced and used inthe Santa Fe area during the late Developmental andCoalition periods (A.D.
1100 to 1325j. Sherds wereassigned to known pottery types or sorting categories using descriptions
published in earlier reports on excavations in the Sanla Fc area (Habicht-Mauche 1993; Mera 1935;
Stubbs and Stallings 15153). Pottery type frequencies by vessel form and portion are presented in
Table 1.
Tablc 1. Prehistoric Pottery Types by Vessel Form and Portion
Pottery Type
Vessel Form and Portion
Undifferentiated plain gray
jar body
Gray Neckbanded
jar neck
Pll-PI11 lndcntcd Corrugated
jar body
llndifferentiated white ware
bowl body
Kwahe’e Black-on-white bowl
body
jar body
Santa Fe Black-on-white
bowl body
bowl rim
Total
C l o u nt
1s
2
12
1
1
X
1
*,
1
35
Table I illustrates that the prehistoric pottery types and vesselforms and portions are lypical
of domestic assemblages recovered from
small and large late Developmental andCoalition period
pueblos in the Santa Fe area. Most ancestral Pueblo period assemblages are dominated by utility
pottery used in cooking, storage, and processing. Kwahe’e Black-on-white and Santa Fe Black-onwhite were commonly recovered frominvcstigations in the Kearney Road area, as previously
discussed in this report.
Chippcd Stone Artifucts
Eight chipped stoneartifacts were recovered fromthe fill of the water meter
trench and burial box
(Table 2). Thc lithic material typesreflect use of locallyavailable chert acquired from primary quarry
or redeposited gravel beds in or near thc Sangre de Cristo foothills. The chert variety reflects Madera
chert and Bishop’s Lodgechert found in the Pennsylvanian limestone (Lang 1993, 1995). The single
biface flake of Jemez obsidian reflects the use ornonlocal high-quality material for specialized tool
manufacture. Jemez obsidian is commonly foundas projectile points, scraper, gravers, knives, or
other small tools in small and large pueblo assemblages (McNutt1969; Stubbs andStallings 1053;
Phagan 1993).
14
Artifact Type
Core flake
Core flake
Corc nake
Bihce flake
Angular debris
-rota1
Table 2. Chipped Stone Artifacts by Material Type
Material Type
Madera chert
white chert
gray chert
J e n m obsidian
Madera chert
count
3
2
I
1
1
8
A combination of historic period nails and can fragmcnts were recovered from thc backdirt, water
meter trench fill, thc burial box fill, and embedded in theburial box. These objects are quantified and
briefly discussed. Thenail types do add information that is pertinent to the dating of the skeletal
remains and burial box.
by
Fifty-three whole or fragmentary nails were recovered during the excavation. Nails are
far the predominant historic period artifact type. Their abundance relates to the burial box
composition and perhaps the original coffins. Table 3 provides nail frequencies by sizc and
manuhcture technique forall contexts combined.
Nail Type
3 inch square cut
2% inch wire cut
2% inch square cut
1% inch square cut
1'A inch wire cut
1!4 inch square cut
1 inch wire cut
Miscellaneous head and
shank fragments
Total
Table 3. Wire- and Square-Cut Nails
Penny weight (d)
1Od
8d
Xd
4d
3d
3d
2d
Count
2
14
3
4
6
2
1
21
53
The nail assemblage includessquare- and wire-cut manufacture techniques. Nails made from both
manufacture techniques were common and used intcrchangeably until the late 1880s or 1890s
(Fontana and Greenleaf 1962). Square-cut nails began to replace hand-forged nails in the early 1800s
and were the common nail by the 1820s. Wire-cut nails were produced by the mid I XOOs, but did not
gain in popularity until the 1880s or 1890s. The 8dwire-cut nails were used to make the burial box.
These commonnails could havebeen made any time after 11380. Their occurrence does not
inform
on the time ofreburial,
but indicates that the box was made after 1900, by which time wire-cut nails
were the commonnail. The mixed nail assemblage not attributable to the burial box recovered from
LA 120430 seemsto fit apattern of shifting popularity; 1 1 square-cut and 8 wire-cut nails are not
directly attributable to the burial box. It is possible that the majority of these nails were collected
from original burial contexts (as coffin nails) and inadvertently reburied with thc skeletal remains o n
top of the water line.
15
Nine can fragments of thc internal friction resealable lid variety were recovered fromthc
water line trench. These fragments are from typical solvent or paint cans and may have been
discarded during the housc construction. Resealable cans of this type werc made after I906 and are
still used today (Rock 1978).
Archaeological excavation and analysis of the skeletal remains exposedin the water meter
trench at 124 KearneyRoad provide information on the sequence of events and processes that led
to their discovery, contributed to their condition and context, and suggest a probablc dateran.ge for
original interment, post-interment disturbance, and rcburial. This information is briefly summarized.
The primaryreason for the unexpected discovery of the skeletal rcmains is their sccondary
interment i n the upper fill of the water line trench. This superpositioning of the burial box and
skeletal rcmains above the water line is conclusive evidence that the skclctal remains wcre
encountered during original house construction or utility line installation. Clearly, the most expedicnr
action was taken by reburying the disturbed remains and placing them in the open utility line trench.
A wooden box available during construction or installation containcd the skeletal remains. The
frequency of crania and long bones suggests that the most obvious elements weregathered for
reburial. Unfortunately, by placing the skeletal remains inthe water line trench, thc installers virtually
guarantecd that they would be exhumed in the future. Speculation about the motives that directed thc
reburial range from a respect for the dead to the fear that the project would be stalled or slopped
because the remains werefound. The best course of action was taken by the water mcler
installers
from PNM Water Services by calling the city and thereby triggering the city and state statutcs
regarding unmarked graves and unexpected discovery of archaeological remains+
The condition and context ofthe skeletal remains again strongly suggests that they wa-e
encountered unexpectedlyduring house construction or utility line installation. Thc partial condition
of the remains indicates that several graves were affected and the most obvious rcmains were
collected and reburied. Furthermore, the high frequency of crania in the absence of postcranial
dements indicates that trenching cut through a line of similarly oriented coffins which were
perpendicular to the trench. This rcsulted in crania being exposed, but majorportions ofthe skeletons
left behind. In the case of Individual A, the burial Orientation may have beenparallel to the trench
reburial of the most or the skeleton. These paves
direction, resulting i n exhumation and subsequcnt
may have been in a part of the cemeterywhere burial orientation was mixed,which suggests different
families (if families were grouped), or a different orientation resulting ftom space management within
the cemetery.
Dating can besuggested fromthe nails. The burial box wasbuilt with 8d wirenails that were
most commonlyused after 1900. This is 40 years earlier than any houseconstruction in the area, but
at least provides a post-1900 baseline for accidental excavation and secondary interment. The mix
of square- and wire-cut nails is indicative ofthe transition in popularity from square-cut to wire-cut
nails during the 1880s and1890s. This suggests that the coffins were constsucted withboth nail types
or that thc burials were exhumed from fill that contained considerable latc nineteenth-century
construction debris. The fact that all nails are square or wire cut indicates a post-1 820 to 1840 date
when square-cut nails replaced hand-forged nails as the common nail. Therefore, an 1 820 to 1 890
16
date range can bc assigned to the initial burial interments and a post-1900 date to thc accidental
excavation and secondary interment in thc water line trench. Obviously, the archival research and
bioarchaeological analysis will add more detail to this chronological skctch.
17
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ON 124 KEAKNEY ROAD, SANTA FE, NEW MEXIC’O
by Nancy }Hanks.,Ph.L)., Historical Research and Mapping
Introduction
From November 1997 through July 1998, archival research was done by Nancy Hanks of
Historical Research and Mapping for propertylocated at 124 Kearney Road, i n Santa Fe, New Mexico
(Fig. 1). Research on the Kearney property included the following archives: deeds and plat maps at the
Santa Fe County Dccd Room; archival and computer-generated maps, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, and
aerial photos at the City of Sant-a Fe’s Planning Division; site files at New Mexico State Historic
Preservation Division; historic photos at the Museum of New Mexico’s History Library photo archives;
and Santa Fe city directories at the NewMexico State Records Center andArchives. Othcr- sources of
information are included in the references listed at the end ol‘this report.
Historic Land Ownership and Useof the Area Around
I24 Kearney Road
The earliest recorded owner ofthe land around 124 Kearney Road was probably Antonia de
Moraga and her family, who, in 1697, were granted land in the vicinity, but who sold the grant back
to thc Spanish government in 1716 (Ellis 19785). At that time, somewhere on the Zomn ( h i l l ) in thc
grant was a lorreon (tower) and some small structures, although they were most likely south o f whal
is now 124 Kcarney Road. Urrutia provides the earliest map (,176h) of the area containing the
property, which he shows as just north of the “Acequia Pura Regacfio” (“lands irrigated by the
acequia”); the map shows no structures in the area (Fig. 4).
The property evidently remained under government ownership until 1785, whcn 11 was
granted to Roque Lovato, armorer of the Santa Fe presidial company (Ellis 1978: 7). It was still pa11
ofthe Roque Lovato Grant in 1807, when aguritu, or almactrz (storehouse) r1~pcilvom(gunpowder)
was built just south of what is now 124 Kearney Road. In 1835, a retired c:orporal of the Santa Fc
presidial troop, Jose de Jesus Rivera, claimed the grant, and, although thcrc is some doubt as to the
western boundary (Snow 1994: S), the property at 124 Kearney Road was probably pan ofthegrant
land owned by Rivera. There is no documentation available that describes how the properly was used.
By the timeof the American occupation of New Mexico in 1845, however, the property at
124 Kearney Road comprised one-third of a cemetery, and may have been a cemetery for many
years-again, there is no record to document its beginning. The cemetery first appears on
an 1846
military map of Santa Fe (Fig. 5 ) and on another military map from that same year (Fig. 6). ‘This
cemetcry is most likely associated with thc gmita (later known as [,a Gurilu) to thc south.
By the 1850s, that area of theRoque Lovato Grant containingthe cemetery had been sold
by Rivera’s son-in-law, JosC Pacheco, to Gaspar Ortiz y Alarid and his wife Magdalena Lucero. From
that point, it appears that the chain of ownership of the cemetery was separate from La Garitcl’s. In
1880, Gaspar Ortiz y Alarid and his wife sold theproperty surrounding the cemeteryto Bradford
Prince and William T. Thomton (SFCDR, Deed Book K, pp. 248-249). However, the “Campo Snnto”
was specifically excludedfrom the land transaction (Deed 1). An 1885-86 map of Santa Fc by
18
Hartmann shows the cemetery owned by the Catholic Church (Fig. 7), but theArchdiocese ol‘ Santa
Fe has no record of its existence. An I 892 map of Santa Fe by Gaynor shows the cemetery
as part
ol‘land owncd by Prince and Thornton (Fig. X). I n 1893, however, the City of Santa Fe quitclaimed
land to Prince andThornton (SFCDR, Deed Book A-1, pp. 177-179), ‘“exccpting and reserving
therefrom the Campo Sunto included in said premises” (Deed 2),
I n 1901, the citydeeded land to Prince and Paul F. Thornton (who waspresumably acting
in William T. Thornton’s behalf; SFCDR, Deed Book H-1,p. 138). This tract was south ofthe o l d
Cunzpo Sunto (Deed 3 ) . In 1910, William T. Thornton and his wife deeded to 1,.Bradford Prince’s
wire, Mary, the land in the three previous deeds, “excepting and reserving therefrom the C’urlpo
S’anto included in said boundaries” (SFCDR, Deed Book Q-1, pp. 370-1: Deed 4).
Who owned the ccmetery if it was excluded from these land transactions? No deeds could
bc found to show ownership during these years. There is no mention of it in the deeds dealing
with
La Garita. There are, however, photographs of the cemetery f-i-omas early as 1912. Generallqr, they
show thc ccmeterybehind La Garitu, which in I91 2 was just behind Sylvanus G. Morley’s house
as one faced northeast (Plates 1-3). Plate 4 shows a closer view ofthe ruined chapel associated with
thc cemetery. Plate 5 is a photograph taken from the top of theMasonic Temple in 1912, facing
north. and the wall of the cemetery can be seen onthe right. An attempt to duplicate this photcrgraph
in 1998 proved little. Trees have so overtaken the landscape that it isdifficuli to be certain where the
wall would be today, although the one structure showing above the trces i s the top ofthe house just
west of thc site of the old cemetery (Plate 6).
The house showing in Plate 6 stands approximatcly on Lot 12 of a housing development
called the “Garita Addition” (Fig. 9). The site of La Gurttcz is shown as part of Lot 8 o f “Garila
Addition” (Fig. lo), so the cemetery, which was bchind La G‘urila, falls within Lots 20-22. ‘l.7hisis
verified by the19 12 properly map ofSanta Fe, which shows the outline of the“Old Cemetery” as
Lots 20, 21, and 22 of the“Garita Addition” (Fig. 11). The “Garita Addition” wasowned by A. I3.
Renehan, although thereis no record of his having bought the cemetery.
By 19 19, the “Garita Addition” gave way to “Fort Marcy Heights” (Fig. 12). The lwo deeds
referring lo thc land that comprises the cemetery are from the executors of the eslatc of Mary Prince
to Grace Bowman (SFCDR, Deed Book 6, p. 250 and Deed Book 7, p. 1 1 1; Deeds 5 and 4). By 1928
they have sold her what appcars to be all of Lot K of“Fort Marcy Heights,” which includes the old
cemetery.
Grace Bowman sold her land to James M. Wilson and Rufus R. Smith in 1939 (SFCDR,
Deed Book 19,p. 3 3 ; Deed 7) and herplat shows the“Campo Santo” as part of her land (Fig. 13).
By pacing off thedistance shown on the plat, it is evident that the property at 124 Kemey Road was
part of this ccmetcry. From this point on, however, the cemetery might nevcr havc existed. Wilson
established “Kearney Addition” in 1940 (SFCDR, Deed Book 18, pp. 496-497; Deed 8; Fig. 14), and
the old cemetery becomes Lots 9, 10, and 11, but with no mention of the cemetery in thc deeds. Lot
9, now 124 Kearney Road, was transferred to Wilson by his partner in 1940 (SFCDR,Deed Book
19, p. 179; Deed 9).
Wilson finally developed the land, andin 1941 he sold Lot 9 to Jose Maldonado and his wife,
Rafaela (SFCDR, Deed Book 22, p. 6; Deed lo). TheMaldonados sold thelot to Ameille White
Roberts in 1948 (SFCDR,Deed Book 37, p. 507; Deed 11). It remained in the Roberts family
(SFCDR, Deed Book 471, pp. 482-483; Deeds 12 and 13) until 1994, when it was sold to the lasl
owner of record, Carolyn Kenny (SFCDR, Deed Book 1026, p. 500; Deed 14).
The first structure on thc property was probably built by the Maldonados in the 1940s, since
their I948 deed includes the sale of "all drapes, curtains, curlain rods, green rugs i n the living roonl.
dinette and hall and all venetian blinds but not the kitchen range" (Deed I I). It is likely that any
although
~
early utility maps ofthe Kearney
underlying utilities werc installed also during the 1 9 4 0 ~
Road area were not available. A 1994 plat ol'Lot 9 (Fig. IS) mentions a 1983 plat, which was also
unavailable, but which may mean that the Roberts rebuilt on the properly at that time.
Thcre is no doubt the propertyat 124 Kearney Road is l b e siic o f an old cemetery. The
mystcry lies in the factthat the cemetery could have been forgotten so completely that thereis no
record of its birth or demise. CatholicChurch records do not mention it, despite the notation of
"Catholic Church" on Figure 7. We have no idea if the cemetery was connected to
Garitu, orwas
part of a family cemetery from the nineteenth cenlury. The cemetery that undcrlics 124 Kearney
Road seems to have existed and then disappeared with no mention of who wasburicd in it o r what
happened to its inhabitants.
k.
x-,
* .';,y
1 .
t
22
Figure 6. Lt* J. F. Gilmcr, “Plan CfSantu Fe, New Mcxicn,” 1846.
23
Site of Old Cemetery
Figure 7. H. Hurtmann, “Map of‘the City ofsunfa Fc, N.M.,” 1885-86.
24
Site of Old Cemetery
25
26
.Y
Figure 10. Plat of'La Garita site in La Caritu Additiorr (unknown clocument numhrr).
27
28
29
C
30
ate 6. Viewfrom the top of the ;Masonic Temple, looking north. 1998. {Photograph by ~VuncyHunks.)
A RIOLOGIClAL ANALYSIS OP HUMAN REMAINS RECOVERED FROM LA 120430, T H E
KEAKNGY ROAD SITE, SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO
Eric G. Ozolins, Vincent H. Stefan, and Joseph F. Powell
L,aboratory of Human Osteology, Maxwell Museum of‘Anlhropology
University of New Mexico
Introduction
On November 13, 1997, PNM Water Services employees cxcavating autility trench and water
meter uncovered evidcnce of human skeletal remains and an associated feature near a residence on
Kearney Road. Thislocation had been previously recorded as siteLA 120430, “La Garita,”a Spanish
colonial site datingto the early nineteenth century. The humanremains were recovcred from within a
pine box, measuring approximately 40 cm wide by SO cm long by 40 cm high. The bottom ofthe box was
located at a depth of120 cm below ground surface. The box lid was heavily rotted and i n contact with
a 20-cm layer oidisturbedsandy soil containing pebblcs and roots. The majority ofthe 11u1nan skeletal
remains, located below this top layer, were disarticulatcd and surrounded by a disturbed sandy loam fill
containing charcoal flecks and a small number of prehistoric artifacts. O n the bottom o f the b o x lcsted
two llu~nanskulls (designated as A3 and A2 in the field, and belonging to individuals described below
as individuals D and Cj, along with a variety of postcranial skeletal elements rcpresenting an
undeterrnincd number ofindividuals. After state and local law enforcement and reprcscntatives fi-om the
New Mexico Oftice ofthe Medical lnvesligator alTived at the scene, thcexposed skeletal remains werc
deemed to be of no medicolegal significance and the site was turned over to archaeologists from the
Office ofArchaeological Studies for complete documentation and excavation.
Materials and Methods
Skeletal remains from LA 120430 were examined at the Laboratory of Human Osteology,
Maxwell Museum. Remains were lightly brushed to remove adhering matrix, and each element was
labeled by its field sack number. Remains were then sorted into a minimum number of individuals using
clement matching, age, andsex indicators. Once theminimum number of individuals was determined,
each individual was analyzed following standard osteological data collection protocols (Bass 1987; Steele
and Bramblett 19SS), andusing techniques typical offorensic anthropological investigations (Gill 1984;
Modi 1957; Falsetti 1995). Metricand nonmetric data for the skull (Gill 1984; Steele and Bramblett
1988) and postcranial skeleton (Gilbert and Gill 1990) were collected tor each individual identified in
thc sample. Metric data were analyzed using linear discriminant hnction analyses (Giles 1970; Giles and
Elliot 1962), while nonmetric data wercexamined through subjective assessment of biological aftinity
(Bass 1987; Steele andBramblett 1988).
Results
Minimurn Nlrnzhcr of Individuals
A minimum of five individuals arerepresented by the skeletal material present. Minimum number of
individuals was determine by identifying whether any duplication of elements existed, andsex and age
differences. lndividual A is comprised of a nearly complete male skeleton with the following elements
39
prcsent: left and right clavicles, manubrium, sternal fragment, leti scapula, fragments o f the right scapula,
rib fragments, vertebrae C5-T2 and %L5. sacrum with fused first coccygeal vertebra, left and right
humerus, left and right ulna, fragmentary left and right radius, fragmentary left and right innominate
missing the left pubis, fragmentary left femur, right femur, left tibia, fragmentary right tibia, fragrncntaly
left and right fibula, left 3rd-5th metacarpal, right 2nd mctacarpal. lefi and right calcaneus, left cuboid,
left navicular, left medial cuneiform,left 1st. 3rd and 5th metatarsal, right Ist-Sth metatarsal, lclt and
right 1st proximal pedal phalanx, two 2nd-5th proximalpedal phalanx, and onedistal I st pedal ph,<I1anx
lndividual B is comprised ofa female cranium(#I j and female mandiblc(#1)* Individual C1 is comprised
of a female
cranium (#2). Individual D is comprised o f a male cranium (,#3)and mandiblc (#2). Individual
B is comprised of immature elements including a mandible, femoral diaphysis, rib fragment, and
metaphysis fragments. Miscellaneous dental and postcranial elelnents that could not positively bc
associated with any of the preceding individuals, but which do not affect the calculation of minimum
number of individuals, include: maxillary right premolar, nlaxillary right M3, an unidentilied C3-CO
cervical vertebra and an unidentified lumbar vertebra, two TI vertebrae, a RUP2, a LUM?, a right
anterior superior iliac spine, and several unidentified long bone fragments.
,
It is possible that Individual A and Individual D might belongtogether, since they were both
determined to bc from a male, but there is no osteological meansofdetermining this without the presencc
of a first cervical vertebra. Given the differences in age estimated for Individuals A and D, it is unlikely
that they represent a single person. Measurements were taken on all complete elements, including shdls,
and are prcsented as Appendix 3.
Osteolo&cal Assessments
Although the remains from this site were commingled,we feelconfident in the atluibution of the mqjority
ol' the postcranial clernents to a single individual. This assigrlrnent was done on the basis of similar
robusticity of elements, sex assessment, articulation congruity, and the mnrphological similarity of
antimeres.
Sex. Individual A is determined tobe a male, due to the skeletal element morphology androbusticity.
Morphology ofthe os coxae indicative of male sex include: narrowsciatic notch, nmow subpubic angle,
unelevated auricular surface, and lack of a ventral arch (Steele and Bramblett 1988). Vertical diameter
ofthe humeral heads(R = 45.1 mm and L = 48.2 mm) and maximum femoralhead diametcrs (R=4S.7
and L,=49.3) are consistent with the individual having been male(Bass 1987). Discriminant function
sexing of the calcaneus provided scores of 39.0 = R and 38.7 = L, indicative of male (Stcele 1976).
Discriminant function sexing of the metacarpals (right MC2 and left MC4 and MC5) provided scores of
8.25,2.99, and 4.92, respectively. All of these scores indicate a sex assessment of male(Falsetti 1995).
Age. The age o f the individual was determined to range between20 and 25 years. The auricular surface
morphology indicated a Phase I1 score for both the left and right surfaces. This range corresponds to an
age range of 25-29years (Meindl and Lovejoy 1989). The pubic symphysis was scoredusing three
methods: Todd (192 I), McKern and Stewart (1957), and Suchey-Brooks (Brooks and Suchey1990). The
right pubis exhibited a morphologyconsistent with a Phase I1 score for the Todd technique, with an age
range of20-21 years. The morphologywas also indicative of an overall McKern andStewart score of 1,
consistent with an age range of 17-20 years. Suchey-Brooks provided an assessment of Phase 1
morphology, corresponding to an age rangeo f 15-23 years.
40
I n addition, there were several epiphyseal skeletal indicators of age. The medial clavicles were
partially fused, correspondingto an age range of 17-30 years (Webb andSuchey 1985). The iliac crest
is completely fused, which occurs between years 17 and 24 (Webb and Suchey 19x5). 'The superior and
infcrior vertebral rings are nearly complete, indicating an age range of 18-23 (Brash and Jamieson 1937).
Biological Affinity. The biological affinity was assessed utilizing several skeletal markers. The Gilbert
and Gill (1990) metric technique utilizing A-P and "1, subtrochanteric diameters ( 3 2 rnm and 3 1 mm,
respectively) indicated the individual to be Caucasian or African-American. The crural index of the
individual was 82.6, indicative of Caucasian (Modi 19.57). This individual is most probably Caucasian.
However, without askull that could be unambiguously assigned to this individual, the assessmentof
affinity for these remainssomewhat uncertain (see Individual D, below).
Stature. Stature was estimated using the maximum lengths ofthe right femur (472mm) and left tibia
(390 mm). Due to the
uncertain biological affinity of theindividual, stature was calculated for cach of
the major racial groups using the method developed by Trotter (1970). IJsingthe regression fonnula for
white males, we determined a stature estimate of 172-178.6 cm, 166.8-174.5 crn for black males, 170.8177.9 cm for mongoloid males, and 169.9-176.6 for Mexican males. The individual stature estimal.ions
by element areincluded i n Appendix 3.
Pathology or Anomalies. Several pathologies or anomalies were seen on this individual. 'The right and
left humeri exhibited bilateral abnormal lateral bowing of the distal third of the shaft, There isno
associated build-up of bone, therefore, wc concluded that this anomaly was not due to trauma, but
possibly appears to be due to a congenital abnormality.
The distal third of theleft ulna appears to havea thickened callus, and is also slightly deviated
dorsally, indicating ahealed antemortem fracture.
Thcre is lack of fusion of the sacral bodies between S1-S2 and S3-S4. Also, there is lackof fusion
of the neural arch at the spinous process of S1. The
first coccygeal vertebra is fused to the sacrum.
On the distal anterior surface of thc right femur there is a slight build-up of sclerotic bone.
Longitudinal striations are evident on the shafts of the right and left femora and tibiae.
This individual is comprised onlyo f a cranium (#1) and a mandible (#l).
Sex. This individual is assessed as being female. Morphological features of the cranium and mandible
supporting this assessmentinclude: moderately robust nuchal crest, moderatelysized mastoids, sharp
supraorbital margin, small glabella, vertical frontal, frontal eminences, and pointed chin. FOIIDISC 1.O
discriminant function analysis of the cranium classified this individual as white female (59.4 percent
posterior probability, 91.3 percent typicality probability) and black female (32.8 percent posterior
probability, 86.1 percent typicality probability).
Age. This individual is an adult, 20-55+ years, based upon dental eruption, fusion of the basi-occipital
synchondrosis, and the pattern of cranial suture closure. Based on the state of suture closure and the level
of dental attrition observed, this individual may have been a young to middle aged adult (20-45 years).
Biological Affinity. This individual is assessed as being Caucasian. Morphological features of the
41
cranium and mandible supporting this assessment include: narrow nasal aperture, pinched nasals. slightly
dcpressed nasion, moderate nasal spine, canine fossa, curved zygomaticomaxillary suturc, sloping orbits,
simplc cranial sutures, parabolic dental arcade, bulging palatine suture, inion hook, prominent chin,
undulating mandibular border, pinchcd and slanted mandibular ramus. FORDlSC 1.O discriminant
function analysis of the cranium classified this individual as white f'emalc (62.7 percent posterior
probability, 71.3 percent typicality probability) and black female (37.1 percent poslcrior probability, 64.2
percent typicality probability) when only including females in the analysis. Thc interorbital features
method ofracial differentiation (Gill 1984) classified this individual as Caucasian.
Pathology or Anomalies. This individual exhibited numerous dental pathologies. Amalgam restorations
are evident on thc mandibular right M2 buccal surface and on the interstitial surfaces between mandibular
left Ml/M2. An amalgam restoration is also present on the interstitial surfaces between the maxillary
right P 1 /P2. The following tecth wcre lost postmortem: maxillary left canine, mandibularleft 11, left I2
and right 11.
This individual iscomprised only of a cranium (#2).
Sex. This individualis asscssed as being female. Morphological features of the cranium and mandiblc
supporting this assessment include: lack of a robust nuchal crest, small mastoids, sharp supraorbital
margin, small glabella, vertical frontal, and frontal eminences. FORDISC 1.O discriminant lilnction
analysis of h e cranium classified this individual as white female (1 8.2 percent posterior probability, 15.6
percent typicality probability), black female (39.7 percent posterior probability, 21.1 percent typicality
probability), and Native American female (34.0 percent posterior probability, 19.9 percent typicality
probability).
Age. This individualwas determined to be a middle to older adult(35-55+ years) based on the closure
ofthe spheno-occipital synchondrosis as well as hsion of most of the neurocrania1 sutures.
Biological Affinity. This individual is assessed as being Hispanic. Morphological features of the cranium
and mandiblc supporting thisassessment include: medium width nasal aperture, tented nasals, blurred
nasal sill, slightly depressed nasion, moderate nasal spinc, canine fossa?curved zygomatico-maxillary
suture, sloping orbits, simplecranial sutures, rectangular dental arcade, and bulging palatine suture.
FOKDlSC 1.0 discriminant function analysis of the craniumclassified this individual a s black female
(92.8 pctccnt posterior probability, 24.7 percent typicality probability), when including only femalesin
the axalysis. The interorbital features method of racial differentiation (Gill 1984) classified this individual
as African-American or Caucasian-American lndian admixcd.
Pathology or Anomalies. This individual exhibited numerous dental pathologies. The entire crownof
the maxillary right canine was lost due to carious activity. This carious lesion destroyed the pulp cavity
ofthe tooth. This also had the effect of complete removal of both the dentine and the enamel ofthe tooth.
Associated with the case of caries was a small apical abscess. In addition to this abscess, there wcrc four
other absccsscs present.One was positioned on the buccal surface, at thelocation of the right Pl/P2.
These teeth were most probably lost antemortem with some subsequent resorption taking place. An apical
abscess was noted invaginating the maxillary sinus at the location of the right M2. There is also a smooth,
rounded opening on the labial surface where the maxillary left central incisor is normally locatcd,
consistent with an abscess. Another abscess is located above theleft maxillary canine.
42
In addition to the carious lesions, there is also evidence of cxtensivc pcriodontal disease. Thc
alveolar bone was resorbcd to a depth of X mm below the CE.I on the maxillary Icrt M I . 'lhc tooth is
being held in the bone by only a fcw millimeters of root. In conjunction wlth the rcsorption, thcrc is
corresponding osteoblastic activity along the buccal surfaces of the alveolar margins. Finally, the
maxillary lefl M I and M2 show asignificant amount ofcalculus, circumscribing thecemento-enarrlel
junction.
'I'his individual is comprised only of a cranium (H3) and a mandible (#2). Though the mandibular
condyles do not completely articulate with the glenoid fossae, the maxillary and mandibular dcntal
arcades are similar in shape and occlude tightly. It is also possible that the cranium and mandible go with
Tndividual A, since there is no duplication of elements and both are considered to be male, although it
appears that the skull is slightly older than the postcranial elements.
Sex. This individual isassessed as being male. Morphological features of the cranium and mandible
supporting this assesslncnt include: moderately robust nuchal crest, largemastoids, largc supramastoid
crest, moderate inion hook, blunt supraorbital margin, moderate glabella, receding frontal, slighlly
bilobatc chin and flexed mandibular ramus. FORDTSC 1.O discriminant fitnction analysis oClhc cranium
classified this individual as white female (91.8 percent posterior probability, 1..0 perccnt typicality
probability) and whitemale (4.1 percent posterior probability, 0.2 percent typicality probability). The
cranial discriminant function analysis of this individual as female mostprobably is a Cuncljon of the
relatively smaller sizeoflhe cranium.
Age. This individual is an adultbased upon dental cruption, fusion of the basi-occipital synchondrosis
and the pattern of cranial suture closurc.
Biological Affinity. This individual is assessed as being Caucasian. Morphological features of the
cranium and mandiblc supporting this assessment include: narrow nasal aperlurc, pinched nasals, slightly
dcpressed nasion, large nasal spine, canine fossa, curved zygomaticomaxillary suture, sloping orbits,
simple cranial sutures, parabolic dental arcade, bulging palatine suture, inion hook, prominent chin,
undulating mandibular border, pinched mandibular ramus, and flcxcd mandibular ramus. FORDISC' 1 .O
discriminant function analysis of the craniumclassified this individual as whilc female (9 1.8 percent
posterior probability, 1.O percent typicality probability) and whitc male (4.1 perccnt posterior probability,
0.2 pcrcent typicality probability).
Pathology or Anomalies. Thc crown on the maxillary le&P2 has been completely dissolved by a large
carious lesion. On this tooth, both the enamel and dentine are gone. There arelarge interproximal caries
on the distal surface ofthe left maxillary PI (probably associated with the destroyed P2), onc on the distal
right canine, oneon the distal right P1, and one small caries on the mesial surface of P2, one largc
interproximal caries on the distal P2. In addition, there is a large carious lesion on the buccal surface or
the followingteeth: maxillary right M3, right M2, left M2, left M3. In addition, therc is small
a
case of
caries on the maxillaryright P 1.
There are also caries present in the buccal pits of thefollowing teeth: mandibular right M2, left
M2, and left M3. There isalso a carious lesion on the buccal surface of the mandibularright M3.
The maxillary right M I was lost antemortem, with subsequent complete resorption of the
alveolus. Roth mandibular Mls have also been lost antemortem, with complete resorption. There is also
43
corresponding mesial tilting ofthe M2s and M3s. The maxillary lateral incisors are congenitally absent.
On both the maxillary and mandibular arcade there is a moderate amount of pcriodontal discase.
There is a moderate amount of calculus on the mandibular teeth, primarily on the lingual surfxe of the
incisors andmolars.
Finally, the mandibular condyles exhibit a small amount of eburnation, consistent wlth the carly
stage 0.Ttemporo-mandibul~ljointdisease (TMJ).
A gold pressrestoration is present on the mesial surface ofthe nlaxillaly left canine.
This individual is compriscd only of a immaturc mandible, femoral diaphysis, rib fragment, and
metaphysis fragments.
Sex, Biological Affinity. Sex and biological affinity can not be assessed for this individual due to its agc.
Age. Based upon the dcncal eruption of themandible, this individual is assessed to be I X months + 6
months.
linassigned Dentul und Postcrunicrl Elernerzts
This category refcrs to those dental and postcranial elements that do not belong to Individual A and also
could not bedefinitivcly assigned to any ofthe other individuals, but do not represent duplicate elements.
These elements includc a maxillary right premolar, maxillary right M3, an unidentificd C3-Ch cervical
vertebra, and an unidentified lumbar vertebra, two T1 vertebrae, a RUP2, a LUM3, a righr anterior.
superior iliac spine, and several unidentified long bonefragments. The maxillary premolar has a small
carious lesion on the distal surface at the CEJ. The maxillasy M# has a large carious lesion 011 thc mesial
surface at the CEJ. One of the long bone fragments exhibits osteoblastic activity consistent with
periostitis.
Internretations
Although Individual A exhibited some developmental anomalies, the majority of pathological conditions
observed in this sample were related to orodental health. All three adult crania exhibited cvidence of
carious lesions, moderate to extreme dental attrition, and some degree ofperiodontal disease. Given that
most of the individuals are in the middle to older adult range, the racial composition of the sample, and
the presumed antiquity of the remains, this pattern is not unexpected. High rates of tooth loss, attrition,
and dental caries have been documented at other late nineteenth-century cemetery samples (Dockall et
al. 1996; Rose 19X5), but are also typical of prchistoric remains from the area. However, thc high degree
of calculus observed on teeth in the sample is not typical of a population consuming a primarily
carbohydrate-based diet, and is a pattern morc typical of historic and modern populations than prehistoric
remains.
44
Thc presence of gold and amalgam dental restorations provides a terrnintrs post q L w n for thc Kcarncy
Road skeletal asse~nblage. The
crania with restorations were taken to a forensic odontologist at the New
Mexico Office ofthe Medical Investigator for examination. The amalgam rcstoratior~appears to contain
materials n o t in use in modern dental restorations, and which most likely predare 1920-1925 (Homer
Campbell, pers. comm. 1998). The gold restoration is notindicative ofthe antiquity oflndividual D, since
similar materials and techniques have
been used in dental practices during thc nineteenth century.
The condition of the human remains, as well as the clear lack of articulation of elerrrents andshape of the
burial container, indicate that the remains had been previously buried, exhumed, placed in the box, and
subsequently reburied at the site on Kearney Road. This would account for the disarticulatlon of the
remains, as well as the incomplete representation of skeletal elements. If the skeletons were rhc result of
a primary burial then all, or most, ofthe elements of‘ each ofthe theindividuals should be preseni., which
is obviously not the case in this instance. We thcn compared the fiequcncyofthose elements prescntto
element distributions documented at other sites i n order to detemine what type of’ sccondary burial
pattern could account for the element distribution observed. To calculate the frequencies of cach element,
wc first determined the minimum number of individuals in the box (n = 5), as well as the number of
elements per individual. In cases where meristic structures were involved, such as ribs and vertebrae, only
one element of each structure needs to be present for an individual to be scored as “represented” by thosc
elements. The number oispecirnens of each element recovered frnm the box was divided into the number
of elements that should have beenpresent given the minimum number if individuals (Dockall 1996).
Table 4. Relative Element Frequencies, per Minimum Number
of Individuals, for Four llistoric
Skeletal Assemblages
Element
Phillips Memorial
Fort Myers
Cedar Grove Kearney Road
97.5
60.7
Cranium
15.1
27.3
Mandible
11.3
18.2
98.8
50.0
Clavicle
14.2
11.4
92.5
16.7
Scapula
16.0
20.5
93.1
16.7
45.5
100.0
33.3
Rib
37.7
25.0
93 .x
16.7
Humcrus
17.9
Radius
17.9
22.7 91.3 16.7
16.0
18.2
93.1
16.7
Ulna
Hand
42.5
36.6
96.2
16.7
Cervical vertebra
28.3
22.7
98.8
33.3
Thoracic vertebra
30.2
31.8
98.8
50.0
Lumbar vertebra
15.1
21.3
98.8
33.3
O s coxa
17.0
18.2
100.0
25.0
Femur
9.4
15.9
98.1
25.0
4.5
91.9
16.7
Tibia 17.0
Fibula 17.9
2.3
90
16.7
Feet
55.7
31.8
93.1
16.7
45
t
." .
..
Figure 16. Plot of relative jrequencies of skeletal element representation ~forjburhistrwic skdctal ussemhlages
46
IJsing these frequencies, we colnpared the Kearney Road site frequencies to those o f three
cemctcries presented in Dockall (1 996). The Phillips Memorial Cemetery, located in Galveston County,
Texas, and the Fort Myers cemctcry, Florida, are both examples of cemeteries whcre human remains had
been disinterrcd, and the recovered elements represented those itcms not reburied. The Cedar Grovc
cemetery in Arkansas (Rose 1985) contains only primary interments. The relative frequencics orelement
representation for each site are presented in Table 4;the values were then graphically displaycd (Fig. 16).
As can be seen in Figure 16, the element representation at the Cedar Grovecemetery is betwcen
90 and 100 percent. Since this cemetery represents a set of primary intemcnts, this pattern is not
unexpcctcd. By contrast, the two sites containing relocated burials exhibit a pattern in which hands, feet,
and ribs wcrcrccovered more often than other elements. Dockall (1996) statesthat this pattern is not
unusual because during normal decay, small bones such as those of the hands and k c t are removed from
graves at a lower rate than more “noticeable” elements due to recovery biascs on the part of those
conducting the cxhumation. Therefore, when the bodies were being removed during exhumation. only
thosc rcadily identified elements, such as the femur,tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, cranium, and
~nandiblearc rcmoved. Theremaining elements, such as hands and feet, are left behind for subsequent
recovcry by archaeologists excavating the disturbed grave. This is precisely the pattern seen i n the Fort
Mycrs and Phillips Memorial Cemetery skeletal assemblages (Tablc 4;Fig. 16).
For the Kearney Road assemblage, the pattern i s just the opposite. Although the elements
represented are not typical of a primary interment assemblage (Cedar Grove,Fig. lh), they are also not
characteristic of elements left behind after a grave exhumation. Instead, the Kearney Road sample
contains a disproportionatc number
of crania, mandiblcs, vertebrae, and lacks the proportion of hands,
fcct, and ribs secn in the Fort Myers and Phillips samples. Instead, if the percentages of crania, hands,
or feet for an exhumation sample (such as Phillips) are added to the percentages for those same elements
in Kcarncy Road, you get a pattern similar to the primary intermcnt pattcrn. Inothcr words, whilc Fort
Myers and Phillips represent whut is lefi hclrind during a grave exhumation, the Kearney Road
assemblage represents what is heing relnovedduring such an event. The clear lack of articulation, skeletal
element pattern, and agehex composition ofthe sample (see below), all support this interpretation ofthe
Kcarncy Road human skclelal assemblage.
Age uncl Sex Cumposition oj’the Sample
The lack of skeletal completeness for four of the five individuals present inthe sample, aswell as thcir
placement in a wooden box rather than coffin or casket, suggests that these remains represent materials
that had been exhumed from a place of primary interment. The age andsex distribution of the remains
(two males, two females, one subadult of indeterminate sex) also appear to reflect a random pattcrn. To
lcsl this, we conducted a Monte Carlo analysis, in which 1,000 random samples of size five(n = 5 ) for
age distribution and size four (n = 4) for sex distribution were drawn with replacemcnt rrom a
demographic database for nineteenth-century cemeteries (obtained by JFP) from Texas and I Ilinois. The
values obtained were used to determine whether the agehex distribution in the Kearney Road sample was
typical of a random draw from an historic North American cemetery population. For the adult sex
distribution, the probability of obtaining two malcs and two females in a sample offour adults, given the
underlying sexdistribution in historic cemeteries (nearly a 1:1 ratio of males to fcmalcs), was p = 0.479.
For the age distribution, the
historic cemetery database contained approximately 45 percent subadults;
the Monte Carlo analysis
resulted in a probability of p=0.063 of obtaining the age distributionin the
Kearney Road sample. Both results are not statistically significant at the p=0.05 level, indicating that the
Kearney Road skeletal assemblage is not atypical of a random subset of historic burials at other known
cemeteries.
47
Based on the archaeological context, bioarchaeological analysis of the skcletal sample, and
comparative and statistical analyses, we believe that the human skeletal remains from LA 12043()
represcnl the remains of fivc individuals cxhurned from a primary interment location clsewhere in New
Mexico sometime prior to A.D. 1920 but later than A.D. 1850. ‘Fhcsc remains were then redeposjtcd i n
an atypical burial container near what must have bcen the outskirts of thc city of Sanla Fe. The age and
sex composition, level of oral pathology, biological affinity, andskeletal element represenlations all
support this conclusion, and do not support an association of the remains with the Spanish Colonial sitc
of “La Garita,” despitetheir close proximity to this historic landmark.
48
CONC1,USIONS
Water meter installation at 124 Kearney Road i n Sanla.Fe, New Mexico, accidentally uncovered
human skcletal remains. Archaeological excavation of the human remains was guidcd by tbc
requirements of State of New Mexico (Section 18-6-1 1.2 NMSA 1.978) and City of Santa Fe (Division
3, Archaeological Review Districts, 14-75 Archaeological Review Districts, 14-75.21 Human Remains
and 14-75.22 Unexpected Discoveries) statutes.
Excavation revealed partial skeletal remains of five individuals. These remains were placed
within a small pine box and were located on top of a water linethat was probably installed around 1940.
Examination ofthe trench profiles indicated thatthese partial skeletal remains were restricl.ed to the limits
ofthe original water line trench. Associated artifacts and dental work suggest that, these individuals were
interred during thenineleenth century.
Archival research indicates that the burials were originally located in a small cemetery that was
associated with a chapel,
cast of La Garita, a well-known Spanish Colonial site located on thelow hill
or terrace below the historic Fort Marcy. Thehouse at 124 Kearney Road and the adjacent lots closely
overlay the limits of thc historic cemetery and it is likely that other skcletal remains cxist within the
undisturbed spaces of these three lots. Exact age, religious affiliation, and ownership of the cemetery
could not be determined from the archival research or personal inkrviews. Thecemctery and chapcl were
constructed during the eightcenth century, but their ownership or institutional alliliation arepoorly
documenled for the late nineteenth and twentieth centurics. Examination of church and city rccords did
no1 clarify the chronological or ownership issues. Title documentsindicate that thefirst rcsidences that
were within the cemetery boundaries were constructed in 1940. There isno mention o i the cemetery or
the disposition of human remains in the title documents. The archaeological context of the skcletal
remains suggeststhat they were exposed by house construction or utility irlstallation and reburicd in a
small box within the fill of the water line trench.
Bioarchaeological analysis of the human remains revealed that partial skeletal remains of a
minimum of five individuals. Age and sexdistribution was five adults (two male and two female)and
one child (sex unspecified). Chronological age ofthe individuals range from cighteen months to 55 years.
Biological affinities were three Caucasian individuals and one Hispanic individual. The child couldnot
be assigned a biological affinity. Analysis of skeletal element representation reflect reburial of previously
cxhurned remains, rather than remains that were left behind after exhumation.
Final disposition of the human remains will be at the Rosario Catholic Cemeteryin Santa Fe,
New Mexico. This is at therequest of the Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe.The skeletal rcmainswill
be delivered l o the Archdiocese for reburial upon acceptance of this report by the New Mexico Historic
Preservation Division and the City of Santa Fe Archaeological Review Committee. Artifactsrecovered
during the excavation will be permanently curated at the Archaeological Research Collections,
Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, in Santa Fe.
49
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Acklen, J o h n C .
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~
Fc, New Me.xico. Maria11
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Bass, W. M.
1987 Hum~uzOsteology: A Laboratory and Field Manuul. 3rd edition. Missouri Archaeological
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Brash, J. C., and E. B. 3amieson
1937 Cunninglzum 's Text-Book q j ' A ~ ~ n t o t7th
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Brooks, S. T., and .I. M. Suchey
1990 Skeletal Age Based on the Os Pubis: A Comparison of the Ascadi-Ncmeskeri and SucheyBrooks Methods. Human Evnlulion. 5:227-238.
Cordell, Linda S.
1979 A Cultural Resources Overview of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, NPW M x i c o . USDA Forest
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Dockall, H. D.
1996 Reconstruction of Site Events. InHome Hereqfier: An Archaeological und Rioarcharologicul
Anulysis ofan Historic Ajrican-American Cemetery(41GVl25), edited by H. 11. Dockall, J . F.
Powell and D. G. Steele, pp. 203-212. Center for Environmental Archaeology. Rcpcrts of
Investigations No. 5. Texas AGrM University, College Station, Texas.
Dockall, H. D., J. F. Powell, and D. G. Steele (editors)
1996 Home Hereqf2er: An Archaeological and Bioarchuenlogical Analvsis ? f u n Historic: AjricunRwwrican Cemetery (4/CV/2S). Center for Environmental Archaeology, Reports of
Investigations No. 5. Texas AStM University, College Station,Texas.
Elliott, Michael I,.
1987 Construction Monitoring at La Campanilla Compound,334 Otero Street, Santlr Fe, New Mexico:
An Archeological Reconnaissance Report. Jemez Mountain Research Center Archeological
Report 87-21.
1988 The Archeology qfSuntaFe: A RackgrourtdReport. City of Santa Fe Planning Department, Santa
Fe. New Mexico.
Ellis, Bruce T.
1978 La Gnritu: Santa Fe's Little Spanish Fort. El Pulacio 84(2):2-22.
Falsetti, A. B.
1995 Sex Assessment from Metdcarpds of the Human Hand. Journal qfForensic Science. 40:774-776.
Fontana, Bernard L., and J. Cameron Greenleaf
1962 Johnny Ward's Ranch: A Study in Historic Archaeology. The Kiva 28( 1-2).
so
Habich-Mauche, Judith A.
1993 The Potteryjronz Arroyo Hondo Pueblo: Tribalization and Tmde i n the .Northwn Rio Gtwldc~.
Arroyo HondoArchaeological Series vol. X. School o f American Rcsearch Press, Santa Fe.
Gilbert, K.,and G . W. G i l l
I990 A Metric Techniqucfor Identilying American Indian Femora. In Slwletul Attribution Of'Ruce,
edited by C;. W. Gill and S. Rhine, pp. 97-99. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology,
Anthropological Papers No. 4. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Giles, E.
1970 Discriminant Function Sexing of the lluman Skclcton. In Personul Idmtificntiotz in MLXSS
Disasters, edited by T. D. Stewart, pp. 99-1 09. Srnithsonian Institution. National Museum of
Natural History, Washington, D. C.
Giles, E., and 0. Elliot
1962 Race ldentilication from Cranial Measurements. .lournu1 qf Forensic: Sciences 7: 147-1 57.
Gill, G. W.
1984 A Forensic Test Case for a Ncw Method or Geographical Race Determination. In H z ~ n l m
Iclcnt~fication:Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology, edited by T. A. Rathbun and J. E.
Buikstra, pp. 329-339. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
J m g , Richard W.
1993 The Sierm Del No& Sites: Processing and Use ut Flint Quarries ?f'the Lower Santcr Fe Range,
New Mexico. Southwest Archacological Consultants Research Series 241 a. Santa Fe, New
Mexico.
1995 Investigations of'Limited Activity Sites at Bishop's Lodge inthe Santa FP Foothil1,s. Southwcst
Archaeological Consultants Research Series 284b. Santa Fe, New Mexico.
McKern, T., and T. D. Stewart
1957 Skeletul Age Changcs in Young American Mules,Anulyzed.fi.om the Stumjpointqfldmt~fimtion.
Technical Report EP-45. Headquarters, Quartermaster Research and Development Command,
Natick, Massachusetts.
McNutt, Charles H.
1969 Early Pucbloun Occupalion at Tesuqtle By-Pass and in the Upper Rio Grunde Vulley.
Anthropological Papers of the University of Michigan 40. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Meindl, R. S., and C. 0. Lovejoy
1989 Age Changes in the Pelvis: Implications for Paleodemography. In Age Markers in the Human
Skeleton, edited by M. Y . Iscan, pp. 137-168. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
Mera, H. P.
1935 Cemnzic Clues to thePrehistory of North Central New Mexico. Laboratory or Anthropology
Technical Series, Bulletin 8. Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.
Modi, J. P.
1957 Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. 12th edition. Tripathi Privatre, Bombay.
51
Phagan, Carl J.
I993 The Stone Artifucts,fi.om Arroyo Honclo Pueblo. School of American Research Press, vol. X, pl
2. Santa Fc, New Mcxicn.
Pratt, Boyd C., and David H. Snow
I988 The North Centrul Overview: Strutegieas,fbr.
the Comprehensive Survey qfthe An:hitecturu/
u l z d Historic Archaeological Aesources qj’North Centrcd New Mexico, vol. 1, Historic.
Ovcrvkw ofNorth Centrul New7 Mexico. New Mexico Statc Historic Preservation Division,
Santa Fe.
Rock, J . T.
1978 Tin Canister Identificicntiorr: Tin Cans. Cultural Rcsources Management Program, Klamath
National Forest, U. S. Forest Service. Eureka, California.
Rose, .I. C. (editor)
19x5 Gone to LI Better Lccnd: The Biohistoty? f a Rural BlackCemetery in the Post-ReconsIrztctiorl
South. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series No. 25. Arkansas Archaeological
Survey, Fayettville.
Snow, David H.
1989a Reporl uf’Archeological Survey and Testing: 334 Otero St.. Santa Fe. Cross-Cultural Research
Systems, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
1989b Report q/’Archeological Survey und Testing: 320 Kenrny St., Santa Fe, NM. Cross-Cultural
Research Systems, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
1994 Archeological and Historioul Investigations on a Vacant Lot Identifiedm 322 Mc&ulerza S l r w t
(Units 8, 9, IO, Magdulencr Comyoun& Sunta Fe, New Mexico. Report prcpared €or Vr. Jay
Bush, Architect, City of Santa Fe Archaeological Review Committee no. AR-0-1994. NMCRIS
No. 50545.
Steele, D. G.
1976 The Estimation of Sex on the Basis of the Talusand Calcaneus. American Journal c$.Physsical
Antkr~opolpy,v.45:583 -585.
Stcele, .[I.G., and C.A. Rramblett
1988 The Anatorny andBio1ogv ofthe Human Skeleton. Texas A&M University Prcss, College Station,
Texas.
Stuart, David E,, and Rory P. Gauthicr
198 I Prehistoric New Mexico: A Backgroundfor Survey. Historic PreservationBureau, $anta Fe.
Slubbs, Stanley A., and William S. Slallings, Jr.
1953 The Excavation ofPindi Puehlo, New Mexico. Monographs of the School or American Research
18, SantaFe.
Todd, T. W.
1921 Age Changes in the Pubic Bone I: The White Male Pubis. American Jozrrnal
Anthropology. 3:285-334.
sf
Physicnl
Trotter, M.
1970 Estimation of from Staturefrom Intact Long Limb Bones. In Personal Identificationin Muss
52
Wcbb, P. A. O., and .I. M. Suchey
19x5 Epiphyseal Union of thc Anterior Iliac Crest and Medial C'laviclc in a Modern Multiracial
Sample of American Males and Females. Atnericcnn ~ o u r n aoJ'Ph,ysical
l
Anlhrupulo,yv 68:457-
466.
Wiseman, Regge N.
1989 The KP Site and Lale Ilev&pmentul Period Archaeology in the Srrntu F PLlistrict. Laboratory
ol' Anthropology Notes No. 494. Muscum of New Mexico, Santa F e
Wozniak, Frank E.
I992 0ldk'or.t Marcy: Fort Murcy Hill, Suntu Fe, New Mexico. The Prehistoqv and H i s t r q ~of the Sitc
and an Inventory qf Recorn's Regurding the Use qf the Site. Prepared for thePlanning and Land
Use Department, City of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
53
APPENDIX 1. DISPOSITION CORRESPONDENCE AND NOTICES
54
Larry A. Delgado, Mayor
~-
Councilors: Art Sanchez, Mayor Pro Tern, Dist. 3
Molly Whitted, Dist. 2
Patti J . Bushee. Dist. 1
Frank Montano, Dist. 3
Jimmie Martinez, Dist. 1
Peso Chavez, Dist. 4
Cristopher Moore, Dist. 2
Carol RobertsonLopez, Dist. 4
April 27, 1998
Dr. Stephen Post
State of New Mexico
Office of Archaeological Studies
Villa Rivera Building, 2nd F l o o r
P . 0. Box 2087
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-2087
Re:
Remains excavated at 124 Kearney
Dear Dr. Post:
Thank you for your patience in having the C i t y address the
matter involving the excavation of human remains under the
sidewalk at 124 Kearney.
As you know, Santa Fe City Code requires that persons
making a discovery of human remains comply with Section 186-11.2 NMSA 1978, contact the city police department, and
contact the City's planning department. In addition, since
the remains are reported to be historic a n d the site
therefore considered "significant," a treatment plan and
r e p o r t f o r the remains must be approved by the
archaeological review committee, and if applicable, must
include consideration of local Native American OK other
religious concerns. If the remains are from an unplatted
cemetery from the historical period, a district court order
is required for their removal ( s e e Section 14-75.21 SFCC
1987).
Pursuant to Section 14-75.22 (Unexpected Discoveries),
cultural remains discovered during construction activities
200
L i n c o l n A v e n u e , P.O. B o x 9 0 9 , S a 1 l t . a F e , N . M .
87504-0909
must be reported to City staff, and the construction
activities are immediately affected so as not to endanger
the cultural remains by any continued activity. In such a
case, the property owner is required to prepare and submit
a treatment plan which must comply with 14-75.15 or 1475.18 (relating to archaeological clearance permits for
remains found in either (1) the Historic Downtown District,
or (2) the River and Trails District, the Suburban
District, or a utility main). See Sections 18-6-11 and 186-11.1 NMSA 1978.
Permits for the excavation of any human burial discovered
in the course of construction or other land modification
may be issued by the cultural properties review committee
with the concurrence of the state archaeologist and the
state historic preservation officer on an annual basis to
professional archaeological consultants or organizations.
See Section 18-6-11.2 NMSA 1978.
It appears from a review of the applicable laws and City
staff's report that the City of Santa Fe does not have any
possessory or other interest in the subject matter remains,
and that to the extent that I am able todetermine, proper
procedures have been followed as to notifications to local
law enforcement, the City's planning department, and to the
state medical investigator. Heather Pierson has reported
that Eric Petersen, archaeologist with the New Mexico
Office of Cultural Affairs, Historic Preservation Division,
determined that a permit was not necessary, that the
location did not represent an unplatted cemetery, and that
the treatment plan submitted was satisfactory. I
understand that it is the intention of your office to
release the remains to theArchdiocese of Santa Fe pending
a negative result in an attempt to find relatives of the
persons whose remains were found.
Thank you again for your courtesy and patience. Please
feel free to call or write if we can be of further
assistance in this matter.
Sincerely,
Lidia Garza Moralcs
Cc:
Heather Pierson, Historic Districts Planner
6T. JOHN THE fiAprIrI@~TCATHOLIC CHUDCH
May 7,
1998
t " -
-
Mr. Tim Maxwell, Director
New Mexico State Office of Archaeological Studies
P. 0. Box 2087
Santa Fe,New Mexico 87504-2087
Dear Mrs.
Maxwell:
Some months ago, it came to m y attention that the human
remains of three individuals were unearthed during water line
excavations at or near Kearney Avenue in Santa Fe. Because one
of the precepts of the Catholic Church is to provide burialfor
the dead, I as Dean of the Santa Fe Deanery and Pastor of St.
John the Baptist Parish in Santa Fe, hereby request that the
remains be turnedover to the Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe
for reburial. The remains will be reburied in an appropriate
place at Rosario Catholic Cemetery in SantaF e , New Mexico.
I understand that an analysis and examination as required
by state law has been completed on the remains and thatonly the
required public notice needs to be taken care of before f i n a l
disposition of the remains is made. I hope this can be taken
care of as soon as possible.
If you have any questions, please let me
reach me by phone at 983-5034.
know. You can
Sincerely,
'Leu"
L
I P / L.- J",
1
I
Rev.1 Juan Mendez
Dean of Santa Fe Deanery
CC/ Marina Ochoa Archives of Santa Fe Archdiocese
Heather Pierson, City of Santa Fe
SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO 87505 505-983-50.34 FAX 505-983-1861
MUSEUM
ATTN:
OF NM/ARCH. . STUDIES
STEPHEN POST
Po BOX 2087
" T A
F E , NM
87504-2087
AD NUMBER: 2 5 6 0 4
ACCOUNT: 5 4 0 6 6
LEGAL NO: 6 3 5 3 2
P.O.#: 9 8 1 9 3 4 1 0 2 9 4
6 4 LINES
4 time(s) at $
87.04
AFFIDAVITS:
TAX :
TOTAL :
5.77
5.25
98.06
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
Public Notice
"
In November 1W7, partial
skeletal remains from 5 indlvlduals were exhumed
from a water meter installation at 124 Kearney Road
in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
These remains are associated with an unplatted ceme.
tery formerly located along
Kearney Road in Santa Fe.
The skeletal remains are of
European ancestry and
Were burled between ltMB
and 1930. In compliance I
with Santa Fe city code and
1 New Mexico state statute,
i the Office of Archaeological
studies, Museum of New
Mexico Is requesting infor.
mation from Indlvlduals who
may have be able to identifY the lndlvlduals represented by the skeletal remains
or with lnformatlan on how
the skeletal remalns were
Interred Within the water
h e trench. lndlvlduals with
lnfwmatlon pertaining to
the skeletal remains or their
interment must respond
wlthln 30 days of M a y 19,
1 W B . Responses s m l d be
made to: Stephen Post, office of Archaeological StudIn. P.O. Box 2087, Santa
For NM 875M-2087 or call
(505) 827-W.
STATE OF NEW MEXICO
COUNTY 0 SANTA FE
I,
being first duly sworn declareand
say that I am Legal Advertising Representative of THE
SANTE FE NEW MEXICAN, a daily newspaper publishedin
t h e English language, and having a general circulation
in t h e Counties of Santa Fe and Los Alamos, State o f
New Mexico and being a Newspaper
d u l y qualified to publlsh
legal nocices and advercisements under the provisionsof
C h a p t e r 167 on Session Laws of 1937; thar the publication
#63532
a copy of which is hereto attached was p u b l i s h e d
in s a i d newspaper 4
day(s) between 0 5 / 1 9 / 1 9 9 8 and
0 5 / 2 2 / 1 9 9 8 and t h a c the nocice was published in the
newspaper proper and not in any supplement; the f i r s t
publicatioc being on the 19 day of
May, 1 9 9 8
and t h a t the undersigned has personalknowledge of the
matter acd things set f o r t h in this affidavit.
8
A
/S/
.-
!-&#if&
LEGAL ADVERTISEMENT REPRESENTATIVE
Subscribed and sworn to before m e on this
21 day of
May A.D., 1998
Notary
Commission
Expires
I bgal19532
I-Mav
19,10, 21, 22,. p
!p
a
.
505-983-3303
I
APPPENDIX 2. DEEDS AND DOCUMENTS FROM THE ARCHIVAL
RESEARCH
59
LIST OF DEEDS
Deed 1. Warranty dced from Gaspar Ortiz y Alalid and Magdalerla Lucero, his wife, to Bradford Prince
and William T. Thornton, 29 September I880 (SFCDR, Deed Book K, pp. 248-9).
Dccd 2. Quit Claim decd from the City of Santa Fc to William T. Thornton and other, 22 February 1 X93
(SFCDR, Deed Book A- I, pp. 177-9).
Deed 3. Warranty deed from the City of Santa Fe to L. Bradford Prince and Paul F. Thornton, 30 May
1901 (SFCDR, Deed Rook H-I. p. 138).
Deed 4. Warranty deed from William T. and Helen M. ‘Thornton to Mary C. Prince, 14 September 1 9 IO
(SFCDR, Deed Book Q-1, pp. 370-1).
Deed 6. Warranty decd from the Estate of Mary C. Prince to Grace Bowman, 31 March 1928 (SFCDR,
Deed Book 7, p. I 1 1 ).
Deed 7. Warranty Deed from Grace Bowman to Jamcs M. Wilson and Rufus R. Smith, 20 December
1939 (SFCDR Dced Book 19, p. 33).
Deed X. Declaration of Protective Covenants Upon the Kearney Addition to theCity of Santa Fe, New
Mexico, 6 lune 1940 (SFCDR,Deed Book 18, pp. 496-7).
Deed 9. Warranty Deed from Rufus R. Smith to James M. Wilson, 7 June 1940 (SFCDR, Deed Book 19,
p. 179).
Deed 10. Warranly Deed from James M. and Una Wilson to Jose and Rafaela H. Maldonado. 16 July
1941 (SFCDR, Decd Rook 22, p. 6).
Deed 1 I . Warranty Deedfrom Jose andRafaela H. Maldonado to Arneille Whitc Roberts, 12 Octoher
1948 (SFCDR, DeedBook 37, p. 507).
Deed 12. Warranty Deed from Joseph A. Roberts to Dolona Roberts Cabot, 21 September 1983 (SFCDR,
Deed Rook. 47 1,p. 482).
Ikcd 13. Warranty Deed from Dolona Roberts Cabot to Dolona Roberts Cabot and Joseph A. Roberts,
21 September 1983 (SFCDR, Deed Book 471, p.483).
Deed 14. Warranty Deed from Dolona Roberts Cabot and Joseph A. Roberts to Carolyn Kenny, 18
February 1994 (SFCDR,Deed Book 1026, p. 500).
250
WARRANTY DEED
Q)
6
0
0
+
8
c
.L
a
&"J1
v
h
~
WARRANTY DEED
,4
,/'
....
Boeinnirrp: n t
n
point on tire & s t
Ride o f Tiashineton Avenue. from which the Northeast corner o f t h e
i n t e r s e c t i o n of Wnairi&on Averme nnd Xrnrney A v c m o benra S. 2 7 52' 1. 55.0 f e c t ; t h e n c o c o n t l n u l w
alow t h e E n s t a i d e of Ranhineton Avonue H. 2P 52' E. 8.0 f e o t : t h n n c e N. 4$ 41' E. 72 f e e t t o t h e
Northwest corner of o f t h e t r a c t h e r e i n d e a c r l b o d : t h e n c e5. 500 32' E. 85.8 f c c t ; t h e n c e S. 7y 10'
E. 6ll+75 f e r t : t h e n c e S. 65' 58' E. 50.95 f e e t ; t h o n c e 5. 54' 3g' E. 1411.15 i n r t ; .thence 11. 21° 37'
E. 15.145 f e e t ; t h e n c e 5.
E. 109.1 feet t o t h e 1 i o r t h e Q s t c o r n e r o f t h e t r a c t h o r e i ndescribed;
t h a n c e S . 390 23' 1. 1b.?.11 f e e t t o the Southenet corner t o R p o i n t o n t h e N o r t h s l d eof Xearnr?y Avenue;
thnnce N. (@ 39' 7 . 17.5 f e e t : thence fl. 82' 13' T . ?2?.b f e e t ; t h e n c e N. lip 43:' W- 23-2 f e e t ; t h e n c e
N.
49.' E. l&.0 feet.; ?hence N. 67O 19' If.4",35 f e e t t o a point. i a o n t i c n l w i t h t h e S o u t h e a s t
thence 11. 61° 35' 1. 100.0
c o r n e r of t h o property of Jennie Parry; thence N. 2p 22' E. $ . o , f e e t ;
f e a t t o t h e p o i not r p l n c e o f beginnine.
$I'
A l l &e ahown upon n p l a t e n t l t l o d " T r a c t o f land surveyed f o r Groco Bonman. September 9 . 1936.
by J-en C. Harvey, Licensed Surveyor. nnd m e n d o d on Decambor 20. 1939, by Janes C. Hnrvey. llcsnscd
Surveyor. m i d plnt being f i l e d i n the o f f i c e o f t h o County Clerk of S a n t a Fe County, on hccmbar
1939.
26.
e i g h t ; a l l i n Tornship Sixteen North. of Ennge E l g h t m e t . of t h e
Y e x l c o P r l n c i p a l Uerldlan. Her Mexico, c o n t a i n i n g 14211.97 acres. accord-
P
ing t o t h e o f f i c i a l s u r v e y t h e r e o f .
TOGETHER WITH ALL AND SINGWAR the hereditaments and appurtenances thcreunto belongingor i n anynise appcrt a l n i n g and t h e r e v e r s i o n a n d roverdono. r m a l n d e r and r m a i n d o r E . r a n t s . l s s u e s and p r o f i t . t h e r e o f ; a n d
"Ip the matate, right. t i t l e , i n t e r s a t . claim nnd d a d w h a t s o w e r of t h e p r t yo f t h e first p r t . e i t h e r
or e q u l t y . of. la a n d t o t h e a b o v e b a r p i n o d p r m l a e a , r ltthhe heredltrsnents and appurtenances; TO
l%lf"
HA It AID To HOLD t h e s a i d p r t m i s e sabove bargslned and descrlbsd. with t h e a p p v r t e m n c s s , unto t h e said
p a r t y o f t h e second p r t , h l s h e i r e and a s s l e n s f o r e v e r . And t h o w i d p a r t y of t h e f i r a t part. f o r her h e i r s .
e x o c u t o r s a n d e d m l n l u t r a t o r s , doas covcnunt and ogree, to and with thes a i d p r t y of t h e s e c o n d p a r t . h l a
h e i r s a n d aealma. t h n t a t t h e t h o of t h e e n s e u l l n g and dollvery o f t h e s e p r e s e n t s s h e 1 s re11 s e l z e d of
t h e premises a b w e conveyed. of a ,pod. mre. p e r f e c t , a b s o l u t e a n d i n d s f c a s i b l e e s t a tof
e inheritance in
law and i n fee almple and hasf p o d r i g h t . fill pcwer and lawful a u t h o r i t y t o g r a n t . b a r g a i n , s e l l Md convey
t h e sbme l n manner and form aforesaid. and that the uame a r e f r e e and clear from all former end other grants.
bergalns, sale-. l l e n s , tares. a s s e s s m e n t s nnd lncumbrunces of whet kind and nature soever; and the abovo
b a r d n e d p R 3 i $ B S , I n the qulet and pencsnble poemsalon of t h e p r t yof the second p r t . h i s h e l r s and aasigns. a p A n s t a l l and. avcry pernon or persons l a w f u l l y c l a l m l s g or t o c l e i n , t h e whole or any part t h e r e o f .
t h e s a l d p " t y o f t h e f i r s t p a r t ~ ! n l and
l
n l l l Warrant cad Former Defend.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF. t h e s a i d p a r t yof t h e f i r s t p a r t h a 8 h e r e u n t o n e t hhnnd
e r and s e a l t h e day end
p e a r f i r s t above nri t t e n .
%le
E. Sheen
(SEAL)
Sicnod. Scnlsd and Delivered In the Presence of
S t a t e of T E X ~ S
County of %m Greon)
Gn t h l e gth day of dune. 1939. befom me ~ r o o n n l l yn p l r n r e d U q g i o E. S):oen. a s l w l e wmm. formerly
llngE;le E. h e r , t o me h o w n t o bo t h e p e r s o n d o s c r i b e d 1n and nho executed the f o r o g o l n g lnatrument and a c
hnrmlcdecd t h e t she e x e c u t e d t h e s m e as h e r free a c t a n d deed.
w i t n e s s m y hnnd a n d ' s e a l t h edny and year h u t ebovo wrltten.
(sed)
Gordon Kenley
Notary Puhl IC
D E C U U T I O N OF RLOTECTIVE COVENANTS U W N TIE
I[EhRtlEY ADDITIOW TO TKE CITY OF SANTA YE. NEX MEXICO.
."
KNOW ALL MRI BY THESE PRESDTCS:
Thet:-
WlEnE45. J m e s M. Wilson and U r n Wilson. h i s wife. Rufus R.
S l t h find Paullna E. % l t h . h i s wife. all of SRnta Fc. Now Wcxlco.
Rre tte owners of t h e t r n c t o f U n d cmbraced i n a c e r t a i n s u b d l v l -
%.,
' , ..
8,.
,
3
.'
8
.
County Clerk
01
t h e County of Snntrr Fe. Stnte
of
New Yoxico. on t h c
f?HFLZkS. Xnoz B. B r e t t m m n . o f iflchlta, Kansan. holda M
werement executed by t h a above m e d p a r t l o s t o c x e c u t ea note i n
&.ea upon l o t s i n t h e"Koarnoy Addltlon" to the Clty of Srnta Fe.
N e w Yexico. above r e f e r r e d t o . w h l c h s a i d q r e m e n t t o c x e c u t ea m o r t & q e was r e c o r d e d I n the o f f i c e of
t h e County Clerk of *tu
Fe County. S t a t e o f Ncw Mexlm. on tho 29th dny of Dcceaber, 1939. In Book 23 of
Uorth-wes u t rye 413: nnd
m R U S . tho above named o m e r e and tho eald Inez B. Brettmann desire to enhance the v d u o o f onld
t r a c t by l r r c v o c n b l y d e d l c a t l n g a n d r e s t r l c t l w t h e l o t s t h c r pto
i n r e e l d e n t i e l p u r p o a e s . a n d by r e e t r i c t l r y :
t h e s-0 aealnn t ObJectlonable use thereof;:
NW, TBEEFOEE. IN CONSIDKRATION OF TIIE PfblIsES, the said Ymes M. Wilson and U ~ v r Wllaon. h i s n l f e .
E. Snlth, h i s wife. being tho owners of said p-operty. and t h e aid Inor B.
W u s E. h l t h and Paulirn
Brettmm, do hereby e n m b e r tho whole of said s u b d l v l s l o n
r e s t r i c t i v e c w e n m t a . t o - w i t :-
80
owned w i t h the f o l l o n i x p r o t e c t i v e a n d
in the a a i d a u b d i v i a i o n s h a l l b eknown and described a s r e s i d e n t i a l l o t s . and no builda h a l l b e e r e c t e d . a l t e r e d . p l a c e d or permitted to remaln on any r e s i d e n t l a l building
P l o t a h m n on t h e p l a t cf said a d d i t l o n , o t h e r than o n e dotachod s i n g l e f ~ l l d
yw e l l i n g n o t t o e x c e e done
.- (a)
A11 l a t a
ings or a t m t u r e s
and one-half
d*eLling
a t o r I e o i n helefit and a p r l v a t e garage f o r not more than two c a r s . e x c e p t that n t n - f m i l y
erected on Lot No. 1. rlth p r l v a t e garap f o r not more t h e n t h r e e c a r s .
w be
(b) No b u i l d i n g s h a l l be e r e c t e d , a l t e r e d . p l a c e d or p e r m i t t e d t o r u m a i n o n a n by u i l d i ~ p l oort l o t
d o n k n be of Spanish, Fuehlo. Spanish Torr1torb.l or a n t e Fe s t y l e
i n tbi. mubdlvimion unlema t h e s x t e r m l
of a r c h l t e c t u r a .
('2) No balldl116 shall be l o c a t e d on any r e n i d m t l a l h i l d i n g p l o t n e a r e r t h a n t w e n t y f e e t the
to front
1inS. nor nu8ror t h a n f l v o feet t o a n ymido l o t l i n s : s x c o p t t h a on
t L o t s 8 and 9, no buildleg s h a l l be
lo-ted
nearor t h b n I l f t e e n f e e t t o t h e f r o n t lot l i n e nor n e a r o r t h a n f l v o f e e t t oany s l d e l o t line. No
bulldirg, e x c e p t a garago or other o u t b u i l d l n g l o c a t e d f l f t y feet or-more from t h e f r o n t l o t l i n e shall
.
be
l o c a t e d n e a r e r t h a n f i v e f e e t any
to alde lot line.
let
(d) No nox€ous or o f f e n s l v s t r a d e or a c t l v l t g . shall b e EnPFied on u p o n a n y l o t . n o rahall anything
be done thereon which may be or beeome an m o y a n c e or n u i a a n W the neighborhood.
( e ) no person. of any race other t h n n t h e CaucRulRn r a c e shall uee or occupy any buildlnp, or any l o t .
r x c e p t t h a t t h l a covenant ehall not prevent occupancyby d m e s t l c s e r v m n t s of a d i f f e r e n t ruff, domiciled
ni t h a n m o r o r t e m n t .
WARRANTY DEED
t
7
cr,
"
"
.....
"
X. ElcNitt
Drpllty
i
c
a
I
h
0
. . . . . . . .
(f) Bo t r a i l e r , b t l a w e n t , t e n t . e h s c k , c a r a g e , barn or o t h e r o u t b u l l d i n g s r e c t e d on t h i c t r a c t s h a l l
k t m y time bs usod a u a residenco temporarily or permanently, nor s h a l l R P y s t r u c t u r e of a temporary
c h a r a c t e r be used as €4 rsoldence.
(g) No d w e l l i n g c o s t i n g l e s e t h a n T h i r t y F iHundred
ve
($35W.m) Uollai-m, shall be permitted on any
l o t I p the t r a c t . A l l @una f l o o r a r e a o f tho m a i n s t r u c t u r e , e x c l u s i v s of one-stow open porchen. and
garages. ahell b e n o t lass thm 900 s q u a r e f e e t , in t h e c a s e of 8 one-atory structure, or l e s s than 650
s q u a r e f e e t i n t h e cage of a one nnd o n e - M l f s t o r y s t r u c t u r e .
r-:
I
(h)
No windmills ahall be e r e c t e d o r m a l n t ~ i n eupon
d
any l o t o r p l o t i n t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n .
And ths undersigned omners, and t h o s o l d I n e z B. Brctttlann. do hsreby covomnt a d R p r c e t o and w i t h
each o t h o r , and t o MQ with each person h e r e a f t e r t o purchase a l o t o r l a t a i n s a i d s u b d i v i s i o n . t h a t t h e
f o r e g o i n g p r o t e c t i v e and r o i t r l c t i v o c o v e n a n t s shall and do r u n wlth and encmber the Innd; and t h a t i n eve<
conveymce they may or n k a l l h e r e a f t e r make of a l o t o r l o t s i n p a i d s u b d i v i s i o n , t h e s a i d p r o t e c t i v e nnd
r e a t r i c t i v e c o v e n a n t s s h a l l be incorpornted and resorved by proper reforence t o t h i s document. and t h a t sn!d
covenants ah11 be bindine upon a l l t h e p r t l e o hereto end rill pcraons claiming under then u n t i l J n n u n r y 1.
1960, at which time said covonnnte shKl1 n u t o m a t l c a l l y e x t e n d f o r aucceselve periods o f t e n (10) ycnrs, unless by a v o t e of t h e m a J o r i t y of t h o t h e n owners of t h e said l o t s , i t 1s a g r e e d t o c M f i e t h e snid covewnts
in whole o r i n p r t .
'
I f t h e p l r t i e s h e r e t o . o r a nof
y them, or t h e l r h e i r s o rn s s i @ s . s h l l v l o l a t e o r n t t m p t t o v i o l a t e
any o f the c o v c m n t s h o r e l n i t shall be lawful f o r any other person or persono ownine
any r e a l proopcrty
s l t w t e d i n enid d e v o l o m e n t or subdlvlsion t o proeecute any pmceedir.ce a t Inn o r in e q u i t y a m i n s t t h e
p e r e o n o r p e r s o n s v l o l a t i w oattamopting
r
t o v i o l n t e any such covennnt a n d e i t h c r t o prevent him o r them
from eo d o l n e o r t o recover c l n m ~ c so r o t h e r dUCG f o r such v i o l n t l o n .
I n v a l i d a t i o n o f any of these covcnnnts by j u d f l e n t o r c o u r t ordor ~ 1 ~ ~i n1 no
1
o t h f r p r o v i d o n s n h i c h shell rRnein i n full f a r c e m d a f f e c t .
a s e
a f f e c t nny of t h c
If WITNESS WHERWF, thc pertlea Ilcrcto hsve h r r e u n t o s e t t h e l r m o o . t h i n F j t h dRy of My.. A.D.
1940.
Ymeo M. Wilson
(sd)
Una Wilaon
( a d ) Rufus R. Snith
( 8 4 ) Paullntl E. % i t h
\sed) Inez B. Brettmsnn
(e@)
On t h i s 2 9 t h d r yo f May, 1940, bcforo me p e r m n n l l y Rppeared JAMES M. WlLS!? m d UNA WILmN, h l s w i f e .
m e known t o b e t h c p c r s o n d e e c r l b e d i n n nwho
d exrcuted
tho f o r e p l n g i n s t r u m e n t , a n dacknowledged t h a t thoy executed the 5 m p nn t h o l r f r e e n c t Rnd deed.
FUFUS E. SMITH nnd PAWLINA E. 5MITfI. hiG Rifc. t o
IN WITNESS WEREOF. I liave hereunto ret my hRnd nnd scsl the d a y a n d y e n r f l r 6 t f i b m n
e r l t ten.
(%Ed)
STATE OF XANSAS.
mUNTY OF Sed.&&
Hilda M. Roth
Notnry Public.
1
On this 29th day of M-y. 1940. before me p e r s o n a l l y appenrod INEZ B. BRETTbWl4, t o m o known to be the
pereon described in and who executed the forefging lnetrunent. and adrnonledged that she executed t h o s m e
as h e r f r e e ,-,ct and deed.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF. I have hereunto set. uy hhnd ands e d tha dny nnd year f i r s t
(s@)
I
nbwe wrl
tten.
B. L. Surteos
lqotary Yubllc
lrONORABLE DI SCHAlGE FEW ME UNITED SPATES AIMY
SFAL
To ALL WHOM I T MAY CONCERN
Forwardod ll/l5/m
dypmved b y LePncn
FOB VICPOFX IbEW
wlth
only
Civon undor my hand at Air Servico Depot Morrison Va. t h l s 2 4 t h day of December, one thousand nine
hundred and s i b t o e n
V. li. h a s
*QdIingtOn. D. C . JUL 16 1919
Major A . S. H. A.
PAID $31.54
Commandiw.
ADDITIOW l@ P e r mils
Wnshirgton, D. C. APR 10 1919
Travel P a y under Act Feb. X , 1919
Pald $60 under Act of COrgrCS6,
c. E. G I U Y
Approved FcbnzRry 24th. 1919.
MAJOR, 9. M. CORPS
c. E. GRAY
4
WARRANTY DEED
P
"
L:
i5
.E
I
WARRANTY DEED
0
4
Lot liino ( 9 ) of the Xsarney Addition to tho C i t y of Santa Fa,
a8
shown on p l a t o f
said addition
f i l e d i n the OfIlce of t h a
County Clerk of Santa Fo County, HQW Mexico on May 2 8 , 1940.
SULIJECT TO
those
oortain covenants and r o s t r i c t i o n a c o n t a i n e d
In t h a t oortain deolaration of p r o t e c t i w cownanta upon tho
Xoarnoy Additton to the City
or
I
a
Snntm Fe, Now Mexico, dated
!
-
_i
h y 29, 1940, recorded i n the office of the county clerk or
S a n t n Fe County on Juno 6 , 1840
in Book lLMisccllnnoous,
pads 496.
a .
"
"
RECORD OF DEEDS. ' 3 8
'i
I
!
i
I
. . .
. .
.!
APPENDIX 3. BIOARCHAEOLOGTCAL ANALYSIS DATA
Postcranial Measurements
Maximurn Length
Hicondylar I.ength
Epicondylar Breadth
Maximum I lead Diameter
Antcro-Postcrior Subtmchantcric Diarncter
Mcdro-Latcral Subtrochanteric Diameter
Anleru-Posterior Micishali Diameler
Medio-Lateral Midshal'l Dia~neler
Measurement
Maximum Length
Epicondylar Breadth
Vertical Diameter of Hcad
Antcro-Postcrior Midshaft
Diameter
Medio4,atcral Midshaft Diameter
Right Femur (FS#2)
-
Measurement.
472 m m
469 mm
X5 Inn1
47.6 mm
28.5 IT1111
33.8 mm
28.0 m n r
27.2 1'11111
Right I-Iumcrus (FS#2)
337 mm
65 llllTl
45.1 mm
2 1.S mm
Measuremcnl
70.5 l l l l l l
IX.5 mm
Right Ulna (FS#l)
Left Ulna (FS#2)
262 1-IllT1
11.7 m n
I 7.8 mm
236 1nm
390 m n k
80 m m
57 m m
33.4 mm
26.4 ~ n m
Length
Maximum Proxi~nalRpicondylar Rtcadth
Maximum Distal Epicondylar Breadth
Maximum Diameter at theNutrient Foramen
Minimum Diameter at the Nutrient Foramen
Calculation of Stature for Individual A
Regression formulac aftcr Trotter (1970)
White Males
Right Femur
T,cft Tibia
2.38 (47.2 cmj I 6 I .4 I = 173.75 + 3.27 CM
2.52 (39.0 cm) -1 78.62 = 176.9 f 3.37 cm
Black Males
Righl Femur
Left Tibia
2.I I (47.2 cm) -1- 70.35 = 169.94 A 3.94
2.19 (39.0 cmj + 86.02 = 171.43 4 3.78
Mongoloid Males
Right Femur
2.15 (47.2 cm) + 72.57 = 174.05 + 3.8
Left Tibia
2.39 (39.0 cm) + 81.46 = 174.67 f 3.27
Mexican Males
Right Femur
Lcft Tibia
336 Ill111
64 111111
48.2 111111
1X.0 mm
263 mm
12.3 mm
I 6.9 m1n
237 1 n 1 n
Maximum Length
Antero-Posterior Diamctcr
Mcdio-Lateral Diameter
Physiological Lenglh
Left Humerus (FSli2)
2.44 (47.2 cmj + 58.67 = 173.84 f 2.99
2.36 (39.0 cm) + 80.62 = 172.66 3.73
*
x2