conace - Bibliodrogas

CONACE
CONSEJO NAOONALPARA FL
CONTROL DE ES'Itil'FFAoa..m
MINIS1WO DEL INTERIOR
Republic of Chile
Ministry of Interior
National Council for Drug Control CONACE
National System on Drug Information
THIRD NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD
SURVEY OF DRUG ABUSE IN CHILE
SUMMARY
;; TlCAS/CL/2729
Santiago, April 1999
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1. Presentation
This National Household Survey of Drug Abuse is the third one done by the National
System on Drug Information of CON ACE.
To make possible to compare the results and study the trends, it has been used
methodology in the three studies we have done (94 96 98).
-
a
similar
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2. Objective
·
To Describe the magnitude of the use of drugs in the country and the distribution in the
different counties, according to individual, family and social characteristics, and to
compare the evolution of the principal rates of abuse in the years 1994, 1996 Y 1998.
3. Methodology
3.1. Variables
last year and last month Prevalence
·
Life,
.
Last year Incidence.
·
Ex-consume of drugs.
Association of this dependent variables with social and demographic factors.
·
3.2. Universe
·
Urban population ITom 12 to 64 years old, ITom the counties up ITom 30.000 habitants,
of the trurteen regions of the country. This includes a population of6.940.727 persons.
3.3. Sample
·
·
A random stratified three stage sample was used, without replacement, of particular
residences. These samples were selected ITom a ITame of sections. This ITame was
elaborated using the actualized information of the 1992 Census.
There are 62 independent samples, representative ITom the studied counties.
Counties
Urban Population from 12 to 64 years old
Sections
62 (+ 5)
6.940.727
1. 726
Residences
41.784
Persons
41. 7 84
Tercer Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
2
3.4. Sample Error
Because we have 62 independent samples, the sample error is different for each county.
These are the values for the national level:
·
0/0
0,5
1,0
3,0
5,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
Error
0,08
0,12
0,20
0,26
0,36
0,48
0,55
0,58
0,60
3.5. Instrument
·
The questionary used in the survey was elaborated by the research team, based in the
questionaries used in the 1994 and 1996 studies. We have modified it according to the
suggestions of the institution members of CON ACE.
3.6. Application
The questionary was applied during the months of September and December of 1998. In
five counties of the Metropolitan Region the application lasted until the fourteen of
January
of
1999.
3.7. Supervision
·
·
The institution that made the surveys supervises the 28,5% of the residences in the
sample (11.924), exceeding the 20% demanded by CONACE.
100 especially trained functionaries of the participant counties, supervised the 17,6% of
the sample (7.345 residences) and the labor done in the offices by the hired institution.
4. Results
4.1. Behaviour of the Sample
......[I$Çård"
Problems of the residence (non private residence, demolished,
commercial use, uninhabited, not located, nobody present)
Problems
of Persons (out of the range or
age, incapacity,
3.404
2.882
hospitalized)
Total
6.286
Tercer Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
3
4.2. National Results
·
·
·
This executive report refers to the three illicit drugs more used in the country: cannabis,
cocaine sulfate ('pasta base') and cocaine.
The expression 'any drug' refers exclusively to the use of at least one of these drugs.
It is also included the use of licit drugs, as alcohol, tobacco and tranquillisers.
Concept Definition:
·
Prevalence is the porcentage of persons that affirm that they have used
special period.
·
Incidence is the proportion of persons that affirm that they have used a drug for the first
time in a special period.
Ex-consume is the proportion of persons that affirm that they have used a drug and that
they have not used it since a
year or more.
·
4.2.1
a
drug in
a
Dlidt Drug Use (%)
0,35
0,70
17,45
5,31
Tercer Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
2,37
4
Last Year Prevalence According to Sex (%)
Last Year Prevalence According to Age (%)
26-34
45-64
4,56
0,33
1,04
0,43
0,12
3,41
1,89
0,83
0,12
13,12
5,52
2,00
0,49
Last Year Prevalence According to Socioeconomic Level (%)
0,30
4.2.2 Use of Licit Drugs
1,23
1,32
1,41
4,67
5,61
6,55
(%)
Tercer Estudio Nadona/ de Consumo de Þrogas 1998.
5
Last Month Prevalence According To Sex (%)
Last Month Prevalence According To Age (%)
25,93
52,49
2,04
3,75
7,71
Last Month Prevalence According to Socioeconomic Level
(%)
41,81
5,82
43,44
6,96
7,09
4.3. Drug Use Trends
·
As we have similar studies done in the years 1994, 1996 and 1998, it is possible to
·
of illegal
and legal drugs in the last years.
The following information is about the samples and the results
compare the use
Tercer Estudio
of the three
Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
studies.
6
Samples Years 1994, 1996, 1998
Year
1994
1996
1998
Sample
8.271
12.421
31.665
Illicit Drugs: Last Year Use Trends (%)
Licit Drugs: Last Year Use Trends (%)
4.4. County Results
·
With the purpose of estimating the severity of the drug problem in the different counties
of the country
and to make a comparison between them, we build a gravity indicator,
it
is
that
based in 13 variables related with the drug use levels, the availability of drugs
with
factors associated to the beginning of drugs use.
and
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·
·
·
·
Based on the available information of the national studies, other epidemiological
researches and qualitative studies, we selected a group of 16 variables.
A group of experts contributed to the variable selection with their experience and their
vision of the problem.
The original variables were analyzed with a logistic regression model that pennitted to
discard three of them.
Afterwards it was done a principal components analysis that permitted us to know
which of them explained a larger percentage of the variability.
With this statistics procedures we build the gravity indicator for each county.
Tercer Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
7
4.4.1 More Risky Counties. All Country.
Using this gravity indicator the counties were classified in groups of five, from more
gravity, to less gravity. The first group (higher risk) are all counties of the Metropolitan
Region.
Renca
Copiapó
Macul
EI Bosque
Huechuraba
Lo Barnechea
Lo Espejo
San Ramón
La Pintana
San Bernardo
4.4.2 More Risky Counties. Regions I to
.
xn
(Without Metropolitan Region).
Using the same Gravity Indicator we build a list of the ten more risky counties from the
regions I to XII, without Metropolitan Region.
Copiapó
La
Serena
Viña del Mar
Quillota
Valparaíso
Coquimbo
Arica
T alcahuano
Iquique
Concepción
Tercer Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
8
Comments
.
.
With this study our country
is one
of the three Latin-American countries that can show
statistics measures repeated in time with methodology that allows seeing the trends.
If we add the edition of an annual report of the national drug situation in Chile, we can
see we are placed in an excellent level in the
·
.
.
·
knowledge and vigilance of this complex
problem.
Besides of the national characteristic, the study of 1998 is one of the first in its kind that
provides information at the county level, allowing us to do valid inferences at this level.
In this way we add scientific rigor to the decisions that are made in the counties of the
country in this matter.
In the three studies we can observe that the illicit drug use ciphers can be considerate
moderate. This is probably a consequence of the policies and actions that represent the
answer of the country to the drug problem.
Nevertheless we can observe a small increase in the illicit drug use ciphers between the
year 1996 and 1998, this growth is basically explained by the increase of the cannabis
ciphers.
·
·
·
The situation is different for licit drugs. We observe important ciphers in the last year
prevalence of alcohol and tobacco. Besides, we can see a stabilizing tendency in licit
drug use.
Last year use of sedatives shows a stable tendency. Although this tendency, we can
observe a light increase since 1994.
We could have expected a decrease in the use of sedatives because of the new
legislation in the matter (retentive prescription), the stabilization of the ciphers could be
a consequence of the substitution of sedatives for less controlled products, for example,
the so called natural sedatives.
·
Besides of the evaluation of national tendencies, it is important that in the future we can
establish a chase in smaller geographic zones, for example, at the county level. This
will be possible now that we have the first measurement and base for future
comparisons at this level, providing of the necessary background to take focalize
decisions for intervention
in more specific populations.
Tercer Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Drogas 1998.
9
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR DRUG CONTROL
CONACE
Raúl Troncoso Castillo
Minister of Interior
President
Guillermo Pickering de la Fuente
Viceminister of Interior
Executive Secretary
Pablo Lagos Puccio
Lawyer Adviser