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Neglected Disease Pipeline > Diseases > Malaria
Background
Global Burden | Causative Agents & Transmission | Pathogenesis | Current Control Strategy | Existing Products | Get Involved
What is Malaria?
Malaria is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The non-specific nature of the symptoms of uncomplicated
malaria, including fever, chills, sweating, body aches, nausea, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea, make clinical diagnosis challenging.
In contrast, severe disease rapidly leads to anemia, dehydration, respiratory distress, seizures, and coma. Although severe malaria is
easier to identify clinically, the symptoms are difficult to manage in resource poor settings, contributing to a high mortality rate in these
patients. When left untreated, uncomplicated malaria can rapidly progress to severe disease, especially in young children.
Global Burden
Malaria is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central
and South America. There are 108 countries with endemic malaria and an estimated at
risk population in high burden countries of close to 670 million.1
Countries with areas of malaria transmission
(WHO, 2003)
Malaria affects 250 million people per year and results in more than 800,000 deaths.1
Approximately 89% of all malaria deaths occur in Africa, primarily in children under the
age of five. In high transmission regions of Africa, malaria accounts for up to 40% of all
health expenditures and 30-50% of all hospital admissions.2
The impact of malaria goes beyond health. In Africa, malaria has been estimated to
result in more than US$12 billion in lost annual gross domestic profit. It is estimated
that in high transmission areas, malaria can decrease GDP by up to 1.3% per year.
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Causative Agent and Transmission
Human malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. There are five
species of Plasmodium known to affect man: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae,
and P. knowlesi.
A red blood cell harboring the P. vivax
parasite. (photo: CDC/Mae Melvin)
Malaria parasite life cycle.
Click to view
The parasites are transmitted through the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus Anopheles (usually A. gambiae or A.
funestus). A mosquito becomes infected with malaria upon taking a blood meal from an infected person. Under certain stress
conditions in the human host, the malaria parasites replicating in the blood differentiate into a sexual stage known as the gametocyte.
The gametocyte stage parasites are taken up by the feeding mosquito with a blood meal, undergo sexual replication in the mosquito
midgut, and the newly produced sporozoite stage parasites are then transmitted to the next human host when the mosquito takes
another blood meal.
Pathogenesis
Upon taking a blood meal, an infected mosquito injects sporozoite (pre-erythrocytic) stage parasites into the blood stream of the
human host. These parasites travel through the body to the liver where they replicate without causing symptoms. After 7-14 days, the
parasites burst out of the infected liver cell and enter the bloodstream where they infect red blood cells (erythrocytic stage). The
parasites are then able to continuously replicate inside, burst, and reinvade red blood cells. It is the bursting of infected red blood cells
as the parasite replicates that leads to the classic periodic fevers and severe anemia associated with malaria.
P. falciparum causes the majority of severe disease and mortality associated with malaria (~80%). The severity of P. falciparum
malaria is primarily attributed to an unusual physical change that occurs in human red blood cells infected with P. falciparum; the
parasite exports its own proteins to the surface of the infected cell causing nearby uninfected red blood cells to stick to the surface of
the infected cell. The clumps of infected and uninfected red blood cells are known as rosettes. The rosettes become lodged in the fine
capillaries of the organs restricting blood flow. In the brain, this leads to seizures and coma, and in the placenta of a pregnant woman
this leads to low birth weight babies or even death of the fetus.
P. vivax is less deadly, but worldwide is the most prevalent Plasmodium species. P. vivax is associated with fewer malaria deaths, in
part due to the inability of P. vivax to form rosettes. However, P. vivax is in some ways the more challenging species of malaria to
control as this species is able to lay dormant in the liver of the human host and reemerge years later. This dormant stage, known as
the hypnozoite, is difficult to detect and also difficult to treat.
The importance of P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi has not been studied extensively. P. malariae and P. ovale are found at a low
prevalence in all malaria endemic areas.3 P. knowlesi is a zoonotic species that primarily infects monkeys and was only recently
realized as a human pathogen. Research is ongoing to determine the significance of P. knowlesi for human health.
Control Strategy
The Roll Back Malaria Partnership has set a goal of eliminating malaria in eight to ten countries by 2015.1 Of the 108 malaria endemic
countries, 39 are now taking action to move towards elimination.4 As of 2009, nine countries seeking elimination have interrupted
transmission.1
As there is no vaccine for malaria, control efforts primarily focus on prevention and treatment in the form of four major activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Insecticide-treated nets (ITN)
Indoor residual spraying (IRS)
Accurate diagnosis and treatment with artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs)
Intermittent preventive therapy (IPT) during pregnancy
Financial support has increased substantially for malaria control programs, rising from US$0.3 billion in 2003 to US$1.7 billion in 2009.
However, it is estimated that malaria spending will need to increase to US$5 billion by 2015 in order to sustain current control efforts.1
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Existing Products
Drugs
Since 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) for first-line
treatment of uncomplicated malaria. This recommendation came as the result of widespread drug resistance to inexpensive
monotherapies such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. By combining at least two antimalarials, ACTs reduce the risk for
new drug resistance. There are currently five ACTs in use and in late stage development:5
•
•
•
•
•
Artesunate-amodiaquine (Launched Q4 2008)
Artemether-lumefantrine (Launched Q1 2001)
Artesunate-mefloquine (Launched Q2 2008)
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Expected launch Q1 2011)
Pyronaridine-artesunate (Expected launch Q1 2011)
WHO recommends treatment of severe malaria with IV artesunate. However, intramuscular artesunate, artemether, or quinine, and
rectal artesunate are recommended for use in settings where IV treatment is not possible.
The one exception to the recommended use of ACTs is in pregnancy. Although there are no reports of adverse events due to use of
ACTs during the first trimester of pregnancy, quinine is recommended during the first three months pending more detailed studies of
the risks of ACT use. ACTs are still recommended for first line treatment during the second and third trimesters.
Because of the severe effects malaria can have on the developing fetus, it is also recommended that women receive intermittent
preventative therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) during their second and third trimesters.
Vaccines
There is currently no vaccine approved for the prevention of malaria.
Diagnostics
The high cost of ACTs and the potential for drug resistance has motivated efforts to ensure that ACTs are used correctly. WHO now
recommends the use of confirmatory diagnosis for all suspected cases of malaria prior to treatment with ACTs. Unfortunately, malaria
diagnosis by microscopy, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, is not possible in low resource settings. As an alternative, numerous
rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed to allow minimally trained health workers to administer tests at the point of care.
Available RDTs are now being systematically evaluated by WHO/TDR in order to determine which tests are most reliable. Back to Top
References
1. WHO (2009) World Malaria Report 2009. 2. WHO, Malaria Fact Sheet.
3. Mueller I et al. (2007) “Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale – the ‘bashful’ malaria parasites.” TRENDS in Parasitology
23: 278-283.
4. The Malaria Elimination Group (2009) Shrinking the Malaria Map: A prospectus on elimination.
5. Wells TNC et al. (2009) “New medicines to improve control and contribute to the eradication of malaria.” Nature Reviews Drug
Discovery 8: 879-891.
Get Involved
To learn how you can get involved in neglected disease drug, vaccine or diagnostic research and development, or to provide updates,
changes, or corrections to the Global Health Primer website, please view our FAQs or contact us at [email protected].
Pipeline & Analysis
Drugs | Vaccines | Diagnostics | Get Involved
Drugs
PIPELINE
Product/Research
Program
Developers
AZCQ
London School of
Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Pfizer Inc.
Arterolane + piperaquine
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Ltd.
Artemisone
Hong Kong University of
Science and Techology
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
University of Oxford
OZ 439
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Monash University
Swiss Tropical and
Public Health Institute
University of Nebraska
Tinidazole
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
Methylene blue +
amodiaqine or artesunate
Heidelberg University
ArTiMist
Eastland Medical
Systems Ltd
HC Berlin Pharma AG
ProtoPharma Limited
Fosclin
Jomaa Pharma
N-tert butyl isoquine
GlaxoSmithKline
Liverpool School of
Tropical Medicine
97/78
Central Drug Research
Institute
Ipca Laboratories Ltd
ARCO
Chinese Academy of
Military Medical
Discovery
Pre-clinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Sciences
GlaxoSmithKline
Tafenoquine
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
AQ-13
Immtech
Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Tulane University
NITD 609
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Novartis Institute for
Tropical Diseases
Sevuparin
Dilafor
NPC1161B
University of Mississippi RKA 182
University of Liverpool
GNF156
Genomics Institute of
the Novartis Research
Foundation
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
CEM 101
Cempra
Pharmaceuticals
P218
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
4-aminoquinoline
derivatives
DesignMedix
Portland State
University
99/411
Central Drug Research
Institute
Ipca Laboratories Ltd
ND-901
NeED Pharma
PA1103/SAR116242
Palumed
Sanofi-Aventis
PMX-30024 and
PMX-70008
PolyMedix Inc.
Centanamycin
McGill University
Spirogen Ltd.
AN3661
Anacor
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
University of California,
San Francisco
2-0, 3-0 desulfated
heparin (ODSH)
ParinGenix, Inc.
Advanced Life Sciences
Walter Reed Army
Restanza
Institute of Research
Imidazolidinedione
analogs
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
Cell based screening/lead
optimization
Pfizer Inc.
Special Programme for
Research and Training
in Tropical Diseases
DPAP inhibitors
Stanford University
University of California,
Berkeley
Cell based screening/lead
identification
Merck & Co., Inc.
dUTPase inhibitors
Medivir
Novartis series lead
optimization
Biomedical Primate
Research Centre
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Novartis AG
Novartis Institute for
Tropical Diseases
Swiss Tropical and
Public Health Institute
Dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase (DHODH)
inhibitors
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Monash University
University of
Washington
UT Southwestern
Medical Center
Genz-668764
Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard
Genzyme
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
SSJ-183
Centre for Drug
Candidate Optimisation
Swiss Tropical and
Public Health Institute
Synstar Japan Co., Ltd.
Aminopyridines
Pyrazoles
Centre for Drug
Candidate Optimisation
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Swiss Tropical and
Public Health Institute
University of Cape
Town
Drexel University
College of Medicine
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
University of
Washington
Quinolones
Centre for Drug
Candidate Optimisation
Drexel University
College of Medicine
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Oregon Health &
Science University
University of South
Florida
Industry screening efforts
AstraZeneca
Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard
Genzyme
Novartis AG
Pfizer Inc.
Sanofi-Aventis
Acridones
DesignMedix
Portland State
University
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
Hypoestoxide
ParaQuest, Inc.
Falcpain 2/3 protease
inhibitors
Amura Therapeutics
Ltd.
Malaria drug discovery
program
Eisai Inc.
Quinoline Methanol
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
Genz DHODH
Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard
Genzyme
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
ISPA-028
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Ferroquine + artesunate
Sanofi-Aventis
On Hold
SAR 97276
Sanofi-Aventis
On Hold
GSK 932121
GlaxoSmithKline
On Hold
MK 4815
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Merck & Co., Inc.
On Hold
GlaxoSmithKline
GSK 2243979A and GSK
2223413A
RNAi therapeutic
Medicines for Malaria
Venture
Alnylam
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Cenix BioScience
On Hold
On Hold
ANALYSIS
Despite having numerous products in clinical development, including new chemical entities, the majority of the clinical stage
antimalarials are highly related to drugs that are already on market. There are no compounds with novel targets or mechanisms of
action in clinical development for malaria.
Drug development programs in the preclinical and discovery phases are exploring more diverse targets including:
•
•
•
•
Lipid biosynthesis inhibitors Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors Protein synthesis inhibitors
Compounds with unknown mechanisms of action from cell-based screening projects
The majority of safe medications for malaria target the blood stage of the parasite. However, there is increasing interest in targeting
other stages of the parasite lifecycle including the gametocyte stage that is transmitted to the mosquito and the hypnozoite stage of P.
vivax that persists in the liver. The persistence of the gametocyte stage following treatment allows infected individuals to transmit
malaria to mosquitoes even after receiving treatment, while failure to target the hypnozoite stage can allow parasites to re-emerge from
the liver and re-infect the host years after treatment. While these stages of the parasite lifecycle do not cause disease directly, they do
pose challenges for malaria control and elimination programs. The 8-aminoquinolines, such as primaquine, are able to kill gametocytes
and hypnozoites, but safety concerns in patients with G6PD mutations1 have limited their widespread use. As the target of the
8-aminoquinolines remains unknown, there is a great need to explore new potential targets as well as diverse small molecules to target
the gametocytes and hypnozoites.
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Risks
Inability to easily
evaluate effects on
artemisinin resistant
parasites
Potentially can overcome
artemisinin resistance
Unknown if drug
candidate will overcome
emerging artemisinin
resistance
ACT market potentially
saturated
More extensive safety
trials in pregnant women
Susceptible to same
resistance mechanisms
as artemisinin
Simplified dosing
Emergence of
artemisinin resistant
parasites in Southeast
Asia
Parasites resistant to
many on market products
from this class
suggesting high risk for
resistance to new
molecules
Primary value will be in
combination therapies
with other new drugs
Existing extensive drug
resistance to related
molecules
Potentially causes
hemolysis in patients
with G6PD deficiency
Identify drug target in
order to find alternative
inhibitor classes with
improved safety
New compounds with
improved safety could
replace this class
Synthetic endoperoxides (Artemisinin-related)
Most advanced
program: Rbx 11160 (in
combination with
piperaquine), Phase III
Based on proven drugs
with good potency and
safety profiles
Aretmisinin derivatives (Artemisinin-related)
Most advanced
program: On market
(Most advanced NCE
artemisone, Phase II)
Based on proven drugs
with good potency and
safety profiles
4-aminoquinolines (Chloroquine-related)
Most advanced
program: On market
(Most advanced NCE
ferroquine, Phase II)
Based on proven drugs
with good efficacy and
safety profiles
8-aminoquinolines (Target unknown)
Most advanced
program: On market
(Most advanced NCE
tafenoquine, Phase I)
Targets P. vivax
hypnozoites and P.
falciparum gametocytes
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Vaccines
PIPELINE
Product/Research
Program
Developers
RTS,S/AS01
GlaxoSmithKline
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA
Naval Medical
Research Center
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
PfSPZ
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Naval Medical
Research Center
Sanaria, Inc.
University of Maryland
Center for Vaccine
Development
PvCSP/AS01
GlaxoSmithKline
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
AdCh63 MSP-1
Imaxio
Okairos Srl
The Jenner Institute
University of Oxford
MVA MSP-1
Imaxio
Okairos Srl
The Jenner Institute
University of Oxford
AdCh63 AMA-1
Imaxio
Okairos Srl
The Jenner Institute
University of Oxford
MVA AMA-1
Imaxio
Okairos Srl
The Jenner Institute
University of Oxford
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Imaxio
Okairos Srl
The Jenner Institute
University of Oxford
Discovery
Pre-clinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
MVA ME-TRAP
Imaxio
Okairos Srl
The Jenner Institute
University of Oxford
DNA-Ad
Naval Medical
Research Center
Vical, Inc.
AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
University of Oxford
p52-/p36- GAP Vaccine
Seattle Biomedical
Research Institute
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
AdVac
Crucell
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
USAID Malaria Vaccine
Development Program
GMZ2
African Malaria
Network Trust
Statens Serum Institut
Vakzine Projekt
Management GmbH
MSP3-LSP
African Malaria
Network Trust
London School of
Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine
PEV301 & 302
Mymetics S.A.
Pevion Biotech Ltd.
Swiss Tropical and
Public Health Institute
BSAM-2/Alhydrogel
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Ichor Medical Systems,
EP1300 polyepitope DNA
vaccine
EBA-175 RII-NG
JAIVAC-1
Inc.
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
VaxOnco
Baylor College of
Medicine
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Bharat Biotech
European Vaccine
Initiative
International Centre for
Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology
PvRII
International Centre for
Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
AnAPN-1
Johns Hopkins
University Medical
School
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Sabin Vaccine Institute
P27A
ALMAC Group
European Vaccine
Initiative
Universite de
Lausanne
CelTOS + GLA-SE
Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation
Infectious Disease
Research Institute
US Agency for
International
Development
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
AMA1-DiCo
Biomedical Primate
Research Centre
European Vaccine
Initiative
Malaria DNA vaccine
Avanti Therapeutics
NIH/Cytos malaria vaccine
research program
Cytos Biotechnology
National Institutes of
Health
iBIO malaria vaccine
research program
iBIO
IMX-MSP4
Imaxio
University of Oxford
PlasProtecT
Griffith University
pDNA malaria vaccine
Inovio
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
University of
Pennsylvania
Pfs48
Gennova
Biopharmaceuticals
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Tulane University
Pregnancy malaria
vaccines
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel,
Pfs230,
Pfs25-Pfs25/Alhydrogel
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
CSP-EPA/Alhydrogel
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Malaria tSVP
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Science Applications
International
Corporation
Selecta Biosciences
CSVAC
European Vaccine
Initiative
Royal College of
Surgeons in Ireland
University of Oxford
Chimigen malaria vaccine
Paladin Biosciences
division of Paladin
Labs Inc.
Toxoplasma KO Vaccine
VitamFero
CSP
Gennova
Biopharmaceuticals
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
AMA1
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Walter and Elizabeth
Hall Institute of Medical Research
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
EBA/Rh
Gennova
Biopharmaceuticals
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Walter and Elizabeth
Hall Institute of Medical
Research
PvDBII
International Centre for
Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
PE selection
Malaria Vaccine
Initiative
Naval Medical
Research Center
Seattle Biomedical
Research Institute
FMP010
GlaxoSmithKline
US Agency for
International
Development
US Army Medical
Research and Materiel
Command
On Hold
ANALYSIS
The vaccine development pipeline for malaria is quite diverse and includes multiple technologies and targets covering multiple stages
of parasite development. DNA and adenovirus technologies still need to prove themselves in the clinical settings. Therefore, malaria
vaccines present the opportunity to validate these new technologies which may in turn help drive forward the vaccine pipeline for other
diseases of the developing world.
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and the Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) are currently conducting a large phase III clinical trial for a recombinant
protein-based malaria vaccine called RTS,S or Mosquirix, the most advanced malaria vaccine in development. While this vaccine has
only a moderate effect on malaria prevention (~30-50% protection), the real value of the vaccine is most likely in reducing the severity
of disease and likelihood of death. The current phase III trial includes 16,000 patients in seven African countries and evaluates effects
of vaccination on disease severity as well as prevention. RTS,S/Mosquirix is estimated to be available in 2012.
The moderate efficacy of individual vaccines currently in development has caused a shift in development strategy. Moving forward, it is
likely that combinations of vaccines will be employed primarily using a heterologous prime-boost strategy. The rationale for this
approach is that combinations of vaccines based on different technologies and antigens will provide a more comprehensive immune
response to parasite infection. The benefits of combining vaccines include:
1. Combined activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses
2. Ability to target multiple lifecycle stages
3. Possibility to integrate transmission blocking vaccines that block infection of mosquitoes with malaria but have no effect on
patient symptoms
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Risks
Combinations with other
technologies for
prime-boost strategy
Due to partial efficacy may
need to be used in
combination with other
vaccines
Recombinant protein
Species targeted: P.
falciparum and P. vivax
Stages targeted:
pre-erythrocytic,
erythrocytic, transmission
Most advanced
program: RTS,S, Phase
III
First demonstrated
clinical efficacy for
malaria prevention
(~30-50%) and reduced
disease severity
Unlikely to provide
sterilizing immunity
Provides primarily
humoral immune
response
Proven vaccine
approach for other
diseases
Combinations of targets
for different stages
Additional antigens
Additional programs in all
stages of development
Live attenuated
Species targeted: P.
falciparum
Most similar to natural
infection
Stages targeted:
pre-erythrocytic
Preliminary studies
using irradiated infected
Will require cold chain
for delivery/cannot
integrate into EPI
schedule
Additional variations of
genetically modified
attenuated sporozoites
(rather than irradiated
Recombinant protein and
other technologies with
potential EPI integration
more advanced and easier
Most advanced
program: PfSPZ and
p52-/p36- GAP Vaccine,
Phase II
mosquitoes
demonstrated sterilizing
immunity in small
number of patients
Proven vaccine
approach for other
diseases
sporozoites)
to integrate into general
health strategies
Apply to P. vivax
There are no FDA
approved viral vector
vaccines on market
Preliminary clinical trial
evidence from Sanaria
not promising
Vaccine production
extremely labor intensive
Cannot apply to P. vivax
or other life cycle stages
Viral vector
Species targeted: P.
falciparum
Expected to elicit both
humoral and cellular
immune responses
Stages targeted:
pre-erythrocytic,
erythrocytic
Poor immunogenicity
alone
Vaccine technology not
yet proven for any
disease
Combinations with other
technologies for
prime-boost strategy
Explore additional viral
vectors
Most advanced
program: Numerous
programs, Phase II
Termination of
adenovirus-based HIV
vaccine trial in 2005 raised
safety concerns which may
lead to increased
regulatory scrutiny
Additional program in
phase I development
DNA
Species targeted: P.
falciparum
Stages targeted:
pre-erythrocytic,
erythrocytic
Most advanced
program: EP1300
polyepitope, Phase II
Expected to elicit both
humoral and cellular
immune responses
Poor immunogenicity
alone
Vaccine technology not
yet proven for any
disease
Apply to P. vivax
Combinations with other
technologies for
prime-boost strategy
There are no FDA
approved viral vector
vaccines on market
Explore additional DNA
vectors and delivery
technologies
Back to Top
Diagnostics
Although there are numerous simple lateral flow RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria available, these tests have had variable effects on
the correct use of ACTs. A primary problem identified thus far is that when an RDT result for malaria is negative, a minimally trained
health worker can do little in terms of identifying alternative diagnoses and courses of treatment. In a few small clinical trials where field
performance of RDTs was evaluated, it was observed that treatment regimens were either, 1) unchanged and ACTs were distributed
even when tests were negative, or 2) there was increased use of presumptive antibiotic treatment for patients with negative RDTs.
More systematic and large scale analyses are needed to determine the true impact of RDTs on correct ACT use but this preliminary
evidence suggests an opportunity for developing more comprehensive diagnostics that can diagnose both malaria and other treatable
causes of febrile illness. This test should include malaria diagnosis but also other common causes of febrile illness such as
tuberculosis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Panel tests that can be used at the point of care in resource poor settings would better
empower health workers to correctly treat not just malaria positive patients but also provide alternative treatments for malaria negative
patients.
Many diagnostics currently in development for malaria are focusing on finding novel means of detecting the parasites. One project in
preclinical evaluation aims to use a high-resolution lens on a modified smartphone to detect parasites. Another, being developed by
the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, hopes to use magnetic interactions to detect low levels of parasitemia without
needing to take a blood sample. References
1. G6PD deficiency is the most common enzymopathy worldwide affecting more than 330 million people through more than 160
different mutations. This deficiency was first discovered after observation of hemolysis in malaria patients treated with
primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline. Nkhoma ET et al. (2009) “The global prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Blood Cells Mol Dis 42: 267–278.
Get Involved
To learn how you can get involved in neglected disease drug, vaccine or diagnostic research and development, or to provide updates,
changes, or corrections to the Global Health Primer website, please view our FAQs or contact us at [email protected].
Tools
Drugs | Vaccines | Diagnostics | Get Involved
The following series of tables describe the availability of tools for research, discovery, and development of novel drugs, vaccines, and
diagnostics for malaria. The tools listed in the following tables are not intended to be an all-inclusive list but rather capture the most
common tools used for drug, vaccine, and diagnostic development.
Drug Development Tools
Basic Research: Target
Identification
Genome: Sequenced and
annotated
Key databases: Plasmodium
Genomics Resource
In vitro culture: Possible for
P. falciparum but not P.
vivax; mouse models often
used for culture of
pre-erythrocytic stages
Target Validation
Gene
knock-outs: Yes
(erythrocytic
stages only)
Conditional
gene
knock-outs: Two
methods
published, not yet
widely applied
Transposon
mutagenesis:
Possible
RNAi: No,
parasite missing
key biological
pathway
components
Other antisense
technology: Yes
Viability
assays: Yes Transcription
microarrays:
Yes
Proteomics: Yes
Crystal
structures: Not
extensive,
difficulty
producing
recombinant
proteins
Screening: Hit/Lead
Identification
Optimization
Pre-clinical Validation
Whole-cell
screening assays:
Yes, multiple assays
for erythrocytic
stages; assays in
development for
pre-erythrocytic
Animal models: Yes;
“humanized” mouse
model available for P.
falciparum; P.
falciparum can also
infect new world
monkeys; P. berghei
Monitoring
treatment efficacy:
Yes, microscopy is
the gold standard,
RDTs remain positive
up to two weeks after
treatment completion
stages using mouse
models
most common mouse
model used for drug
discovery (also P. yoeli
and P. chabaudi but
less common)
Availability of
endpoints: Yes,
clearance of
parasitemia
Enzymatic
screening assays: Yes, but difficulty
producing
recombinant proteins,
is sometimes limiting
Clinical Validation
Availability of
surrogate
endpoints: No
Access to clinical
trial patients/sites: Yes
Back to Top
Vaccine Development Tools
Basic Research: Antigen
Identification
See drug development tools
above
Immune Response Characterization
Clinical Validation
Predictive animal models: No, although multiple mouse
models available, little correlation with human response
Surrogate markers of
protection: No
Detection of endogenous antigen specific response in
clinical samples: Yes, not fully characterized
Challenge studies
possible: Yes Natural immunity well characterized: No, natural immunity
minimal, transient, and not well understood
Back to Top
Diagnostic Development Tools
Basic Research: Biomarker
Identification
See drug development tools
above
Biomarker Validation
Biomarkers known: Yes
Access to clinical samples: Yes, as part of RDT testing
validated clinical sample registry being developed by TDR
Clinical Validation
Access to clinical trial
patients/sites: Yes
Treatment available if
diagnosed: Yes
Possible sample types: Blood
Get Involved
To learn how you can get involved in neglected disease drug, vaccine or diagnostic research and development, or to provide updates,
changes, or corrections to the Global Health Primer website, please view our FAQs or contact us at [email protected].
Back to Top
Product Details
2-0, 3-0 desulfated heparin (ODSH)
Synonyms:
2-0, 3-0 desulfated heparin (ODSH)
Heparin derivatives with low
anticooaggulation
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Anti-inflammatory
Specific Indication:
adjunct for severe disease
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
Synonyms:
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
Chloroquine derivatives that overcome
chloroquine resistance
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Chloroquine-related
Specific Indication:
chloroquine resistant
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
4-aminoquinoline
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
97/78
Synonyms:
97/78
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Synthetic derivative of artemisinin
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
99/411
Synonyms:
99/411
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Artemisinin derivative
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Acridones
Synonyms:
Acridones
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Acridones
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
AdCh63 AMA-1
Synonyms:
AdCh63 AMA-1
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
AMA-1
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
NCT01142765
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Molecule Class:
Simian adenovirus
Administration Route:
IM
Publications:
Synonyms:
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic
stages
Mechanism of Action:
ME-TRAP, a chimeric Malaria antigen composed of
the liver-stage TRAP antigen fused to a polyepitope
string including T- and B-cell epitopes from different
stages of the parasite life cycle
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Molecule Class:
Simian adenovirus
Administration Route:
IM
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
This vaccine is being tested alone and with a boost of of MVA
ME-TRAP.
NCT01142765
NCT00890019
AdCh63 MSP-1
Synonyms:
Disease:
Target/Technology:
AdCh63 MSP-1
Malaria
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
MSP-1
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Simian adenovirus
Administration Route:
IM
Publications:
NCT01142765
NCT01003314
AdVac
Synonyms:
Crucell Ad35.CS.01
AdVac
AdVac
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
CSP; Adenovirus
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Molecule Class:
Adenovirus
Administration Route:
IM
Publications:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Previously in prime-boost development with Ad26.CS.01. Entering phase II in
prime-boost combination with RTS,S recombinant protein vaccine.
NCT01018459
Publications:
AMA1
Synonyms:
AMA1
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel
Synonyms:
AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
Mixture of two recombinant synthetic AMA1
proteins from two Plasmodium falciparum
strains
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
IM
Publications:
NCT00984763
NCT00427167
NCT00344539
NCT00414336
NCT00740090
AMA1-DiCo
Synonyms:
AMA1-DiCo
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Administration Route:
Yes
Clinical
Trials:
Notes:
Publications:
A diversity covering approach to increase immunogenicity to multiple AMA-1 alleles.
For more information on this product, see European Vaccine Initiative.
Aminopyridines
Synonyms:
Aminopyridines
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Aminopyridine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
AN3661
Synonyms:
AN3661
Oxaboroles
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Boron Chemistry
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Oxaboroles
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
AnAPN-1
Synonyms:
AnAPN-1
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Transmission blocking
Mechanism of Action:
AnAPN-1
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
AQ-13
Synonyms:
AQ-13
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Chloroquine-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
4-aminoquinoline
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Oral
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00323375
NCT00455494
ARCO
Synonyms:
Naphthoquine-artemisinin
ARCO
Disease:
Malaria
Specific Indication:
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Target/Technology:
Combination: Artemisinin-related and
Chloroquine-related
Mechanism of Action:
Molecule Class:
Artemisinin and 4-aminoquinoline
Administration Route:
Publications:
19671190
19464245
Artemisone
Synonyms:
Artemisone
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
artesunate resistant
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Molecule Class:
Artemisinin derivative
Administration Route:
Oral
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00936767
Arterolane + piperaquine
Synonyms:
Arterolane + piperaquine
Rbx 11160
Disease:
Malaria
Specific Indication:
Target/Technology:
Combination: Artemisinin-related and
Chloroquine-related
Mechanism of Action:
Combination
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Combination: Synthetic endoperoxide +
4-aminoquinoline
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Oral
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00362050
ArTiMist
Synonyms:
artemether
ArTiMist
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
severe malaria
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Administration Route:
Sublingual
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Molecule Class:
Artemisinin derivative
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01047436
AZCQ
Synonyms:
Azithromycin-chloroquine (AZCQ)
Zithromax-chloroquine
AZCQ
Azithromycin-chloroquine (AZCQ)
Disease:
Malaria
Specific Indication:
IPTp
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
No
Target/Technology:
Combination: Antibiotic and
Chloroquine-related
Mechanism of Action:
Combination
Molecule Class:
Combination
Administration Route:
Oral
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01103713
NCT01103063
BSAM-2/Alhydrogel
Synonyms:
BSAM-2/Alhydrogel
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
MSP-1 and AMA-1
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00889616
Cell based screening/lead identification
Synonyms:
Cell based screening/lead
identification
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Cell based screening/lead optimization
Synonyms:
Cell based screening/lead
optimization
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
CelTOS + GLA-SE
Synonyms:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
antigen + adjuvant
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
CEM 101
Synonyms:
CEM 101
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
P. vivax
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Centanamycin
Synonyms:
Centanamycin
AS-1-145
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
DNA damage
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
induces DNA damage
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Indole
Administration Route:
Publications:
18275274
Chimigen malaria vaccine
Synonyms:
Chimigen malaria vaccine
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
CSP, AMA, LSA, and MSP
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Combines four malaria antigens and targets dendritic cells.
CSP
Synonyms:
CSP
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
CSP-EPA/Alhydrogel
Synonyms:
CSP-EPA/Alhydrogel
Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocitic stage
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
CSVAC
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Synonyms:
CSVAC
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Clinical
Trials:
Notes:
Publications:
This product aims to increase immunogenicity of a viral vector vaccine by using the
circumsporozoite protein to inhibit p. falciparum infection. See European Vaccine
Initiative.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors
Synonyms:
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
(DHODH) inhibitors
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Nucleoside biosynthesis inhibitor/Dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
21517059
DNA-Ad
Synonyms:
DNA-Ad
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Combination: DNA and Viral vector
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic
stages
Mechanism of Action:
DNA prime (using virosomes) in combination with
adenovirus boost
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Adenovirus
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
NCT00870987
Publications:
DPAP inhibitors
Synonyms:
DPAP inhibitors
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Proteases
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibition of malaria cathepsin C-like proteases
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
20797610
20700487
dUTPase inhibitors
Synonyms:
dUTPase inhibitors
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
dUTPase inhibitors
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
21246738
16161998
EBA/Rh
Synonyms:
EBA/Rh
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
EBA-175 RII-NG
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Synonyms:
EBA-175 RII-NG
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
EBA
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
IM
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00347555
NCT01026246
16735084
20702657
EP1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine
Synonyms:
EP1300 polyepitope DNA
vaccine
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
DNA vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
Polyepitope
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
IM
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
DNA vaccine delivered using the TriGrid delivery system.
NCT01169077
Falcpain 2/3 protease inhibitors
Synonyms:
Falcpain 2/3 protease inhibitors
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Proteases
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibition of falcipain 2/3
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
16776649
Ferroquine + artesunate
Publications:
Synonyms:
Ferroquine + artesunate
SSR 97193 + artesunate
Disease:
Malaria
Specific Indication:
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Target/Technology:
Combination: Artemisinin-related and
Chloroquine-related
Mechanism of Action:
Molecule Class:
Combination: Artemisinin derivative + 4-aminoquinoline
Administration Route:
Oral
Publications:
NCT00988507
NCT00563914
FMP010
Synonyms:
FMP010
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
protein 010
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
MSP-1
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00666380
NCT00317473
Fosclin
Synonyms:
Fosmidomycin + Clindamycin
Fosclin
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
NCT00217451
NCT00214643
NCT01002183
Administration Route:
Oral
Publications:
Genz DHODH
Synonyms:
Genz DHODH
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Nucleoside biosynthesis inhibitor/Dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
Genz-668764
Synonyms:
Genz-668764
Genz Aminoindole
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Aminoindoles
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
GMZ2
Synonyms:
GMZ2
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
GLURP and MSP3
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
GNF156
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00397449
NCT00424944
NCT00703066
20009515
Synonyms:
GNF156
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Imidazolopiperazines
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Oral
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
GSK 2243979A and GSK 2223413A
Synonyms:
GSK 2243979A and GSK
2223413A
Backup program: 4-pyridone
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Energy metabolism
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibits electron transport chain in the mitochondrion
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
4-pyridone
Administration Route:
Publications:
GSK 932121
Synonyms:
GSK 932121
4-pyridone class inhibitors
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Energy metabolism
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibits electron transport chain in the mitochondrion
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Molecule Class:
4-pyridone
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00811356
19596869
Hypoestoxide
Synonyms:
Hypoestoxide
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Kinases
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibition of IKB kinase
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Natural product
Administration Route:
Oral
Publications:
iBIO malaria vaccine research program
Synonyms:
iBIO malaria vaccine research
program
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Identification of new diagnostic targets
Synonyms:
Disease:
Malaria
Technology:
Immunoassay
Specific Indication:
Antigen detection
Sample of Type:
Blood
Portability:
Unknown
Training Required:
Unknown
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
FIND is working with several partners to discover antigenic targets for
point-of-care malaria diagnostics.
Imidazolidinedione analogs
Synonyms:
Imidazolidinedione analogs
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Imidazolidinedione
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Publications:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
IMX-MSP4
Synonyms:
IMX-MSP4
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Industry screening efforts
Synonyms:
Industry screening efforts
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Multiple
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
ISPA-028
Synonyms:
ISPA-028
Plasmodial surface anion
channel (PSAC) inhibitor
discovery
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Ion channels
Specific Indication:
Drug resistant P. falciparum
Mechanism of Action:
Plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) inhibitor
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
21620134
20101003
JAIVAC-1
Synonyms:
JAIVAC-1
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
rPfMSP-119 and rPfEBA175
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
20009515
LAMP Plasmodium assay
Synonyms:
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Technology:
Nucleic acid based
Specific Indication:
Antigen detection
Sample of Type:
Blood
Portability:
Peripheral laboratory
Training Required:
Unknown
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Lifelens
Synonyms:
Disease:
Malaria
Technology:
Cell-based
Specific Indication:
Erythrocytic stage
Sample of Type:
Blood
Portability:
Handheld
Training Required:
Minimal
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
This smartphone platform uses a high-resolution camera and special software to
analyze blood sample for malaria-infected red blood cells.
Magneto-optic Hemozoin detection
Synonyms:
Disease:
Technology:
Publications:
Malaria
Emerging Technology
Specific Indication:
low-level parasitemia detection
Sample of Type:
Other
Portability:
Table-top
Training Required:
Moderate
Clinical
Trials:
Notes:
This tests uses magneto-optic detection of hemozoin crystals through the capillary bed
(observed as a change in magnetic transmittance) as a test for malaria.
Malaria DNA vaccine
Synonyms:
Malaria DNA vaccine
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
DNA vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Malaria drug discovery program
Synonyms:
Malaria drug discovery program
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Malaria tSVP
Synonyms:
Malaria tSVP
Synthetic Vaccine Particle
vaccine
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Publications:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Methylene blue + amodiaqine or artesunate
Synonyms:
Methylene blue + amodiaqine or
artesunate
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Combination
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Oral
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00545935
Microfluidic modeling
Synonyms:
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Technology:
Emerging Technology
Specific Indication:
Severe malaria pathogenesis modelling
Sample of Type:
Blood
Portability:
Advanced laboratory
Training Required:
Advanced
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
17658948
MK 4815
Synonyms:
MK 4815
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Energy metabolism
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibits electron transport chain in the mitochondrion
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
MSP3-LSP
Synonyms:
MSP3-LSP
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Peptide
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
An MSP3-LP3 vaccine uses long synthetic peptides of the merozoite surface
protein 3 conserved region to induce immunity against p. falciparum.
NCT01341704
16299295
MVA AMA-1
Synonyms:
MVA AMA-1
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
AMA-1
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
MVA
Administration Route:
IM
Publications:
NCT01142765
MVA ME-TRAP
Synonyms:
MVA ME-TRAP
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic
stages
Mechanism of Action:
ME-TRAP, a chimeric Malaria antigen composed of
the liver-stage TRAP antigen fused to a polyepitope
string including T- and B-cell epitopes from different
stages of the parasite life cycle
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Molecule Class:
MVA
Administration Route:
IM
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01142765
NCT00890019
MVA MSP-1
Synonyms:
MVA MSP-1
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
MSP-1
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
MVA
Administration Route:
IM
Publications:
NCT01142765
NCT01003314
ND-901
Synonyms:
ND-901
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Chloroquine-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
4-aminoquinoline
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Oral
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NIH/Cytos malaria vaccine research program
Synonyms:
NIH/Cytos malaria vaccine
research program
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NITD 609
Synonyms:
NITD 609
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Spiroindolone
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
20813948
NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA
Synonyms:
NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic
stages
Mechanism of Action:
PfCSP and PfAMA1
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Adenovirus
Administration Route:
IM
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00392015
Novartis series lead optimization
Synonyms:
Novartis series lead optimization
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
imidazolopyrazines; pyrrolidines; imidazolopiperazines
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Molecule Class:
Multiple
Administration Route:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NPC1161B
Synonyms:
NPC1161B
8-aminoquinoline derivatives
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Primaquine-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
8-aminoquinoline
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
17075340
N-tert butyl isoquine
Synonyms:
N-tert butyl isoquine
GSK369796
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Chloroquine-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
4-aminoquinoline
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00675064
19222165
OZ 439
Synonyms:
OZ 439
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Synthetic endoperoxidase
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Oral
Clinical Trials:
NCT01213966
NCT00928083
Publications:
P218
Synonyms:
P218
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Nucleoside biosynthesis inhibitor/DHFR inhibitor
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
P27A
Synonyms:
P27A
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Peptide
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Preventive, P. falciparum
erythrocytic stage
Fragment P27A of the novel malaria protein PFF0165c
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
20009515
p52-/p36- GAP Vaccine
Synonyms:
p52-/p36- GAP Vaccine
GAP vaccines
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
Mechanism of Action:
Genetically attenuated live parasites invade liver cells
but cannot replicate
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
NCT01024686
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Mosquito bite
Publications:
PA1103/SAR116242
Synonyms:
PA1103/SAR116242
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Synthetic endoperoxidase
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
pDNA malaria vaccine
Synonyms:
pDNA malaria vaccine
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
DNA vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
Mechanism of Action:
pre-erythrocytic stage
Molecule Class:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
PE selection
Synonyms:
PE selection
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
pre-erythrocytic
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
PEV301 & 302
Synonyms:
Disease:
Target/Technology:
PEV301 & 302
Malaria
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic
stages
Mechanism of Action:
AMA-1 and CSP delivered in virosomes
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Previously evaluated as PEV3A.
NCT00513669
NCT00408668
18231580
Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel, Pfs230, Pfs25-Pfs25/Alhydrogel
Synonyms:
Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel, Pfs230,
Pfs25-Pfs25/Alhydrogel
Transmission blocking vaccines
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Transmission blocking, P.
falciparum
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Pfs48
Synonyms:
Pfs48
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Transmission blocking
Mechanism of Action:
CH-rPfs48/45
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
19623257
PfSPZ
Synonyms:
PfSPZ
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
Irradiated sporozoites invade liver cells but cannot
replicate
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
SC
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Preliminary results from ongoing Phase I/II trial are not promising, and the
program is facing funding shortages. It is unclear at this point if this program will
continue.
NCT01086917
NCT01001650
PlasProtecT
Synonyms:
PlasProtecT
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
PMX-30024 and PMX-70008
Synonyms:
PMX-30024 and PMX-70008
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Membrane disruption
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
defensin mimetic antibiotic
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Pregnancy malaria vaccines
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
Publications:
Synonyms:
Pregnancy malaria vaccines
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum in
pregnancy
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
PvCSP/AS01
Synonyms:
PvCSP/AS01
VMP001/AS01B
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Preventive, P. vivax
pre-erythrocytic stage
Molecule Class:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
IM
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01157897
PvDBII
Synonyms:
PvDBII
P. vivax duffy binding protein II
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
P.vivax
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
PvRII
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Synonyms:
PvRII
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. vivax
erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
DBP
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Pyrazoles
Synonyms:
Pyrazoles
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Quinoline Methanol
Synonyms:
Quinoline Methanol
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Mefloquine derivative
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Quinolones
Synonyms:
Quinolones
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
DNA gyrase inhibitor
Molecule Class:
Quinolones
Administration Route:
Publications:
Restanza
Synonyms:
Cethromycin
Restanza
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Antibiotic
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Oral
Clinical
Trials:
Notes:
Restanza was originally developed by Advanced Life Sciences for community acquired
pneumonia, but is also in testing for efficacy against anthrax, tularemia, plague, and
malaria.
RKA 182
Synonyms:
RKA 182
Notes:
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Artemisinin-related
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Synthetic endoperoxidase
PRV Elegible?
No
Administration Route:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
20629058
RNAi therapeutic
Synonyms:
RNAi therapeutic
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
RNAi therapeutic
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Host-targeted RNAi
Product Type:
Publications:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
RNA
Administration Route:
Publications:
RTS,S/AS01
Synonyms:
RTS,S/AS01
Mosquirix
GSK malaria vaccine 257049
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, P. falciparum
pre-erythrocytic stage
Mechanism of Action:
PfCSP protein fused to HBsAG (S) antigen that can
self assemble into viral particles
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
IM
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
In phase III alone and phase II in prime-boost combination with
Ad35.CS.01.
NCT00866619
NCT00436007
NCT01148459
NCT00197028
NCT01366534
NCT01231503
NCT01345240
NCT00323622
NCT00443131
NCT01323972
NCT00289185
NCT00307021
NCT00360230
NCT00380393
20553771
21443960
SAR 97276
Synonyms:
SAR 97276
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
adjunct for severe disease
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
No
Molecule Class:
bis-thiazolium
Administration Route:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00739206
Sevuparin
Synonyms:
Sevuparin
DF02
Heparin derivatives with low
anticooaggulation
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Anti-inflammatory
Specific Indication:
adjunct for severe disease
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
SSJ-183
Synonyms:
SSJ-183
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Tafenoquine
Synonyms:
Tafenoquine
SB-252263
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Primaquine-related
Specific Indication:
P. vivax
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
NCT00871156
Molecule Class:
8-aminoquinoline
Administration Route:
Oral
Publications:
NCT01205178
Tinidazole
Synonyms:
Tinidazole
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
P. vivax
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Oral
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00811096
Toxoplasma KO Vaccine
Synonyms:
Toxoplasma KO Vaccine
Disease:
Malaria
Target/Technology:
Parasite vector
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Live attenuated Toxoplasma gondii strain used as vector to express malaria
antigens.
Developer Details
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
GSK 932121
Phase I
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
RTS,S/AS01
Phase III
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvCSP/AS01
Phase II
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdVac
Phase II
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
N-tert butyl isoquine
Phase I
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Tafenoquine
Phase I
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
GSK 2243979A and GSK 2223413A
Discovery
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
FMP010
Phase I
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
N-tert butyl isoquine
Phase I
University of Mississippi (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
NPC1161B
Pre-clinical
University of Liverpool (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
RKA 182
Pre-clinical
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Novartis series lead optimization
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Aminopyridines
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Pyrazoles
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinolones
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinoline Methanol
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Genz DHODH
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
GNF156
Pre-clinical
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AZCQ
Phase III
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Artemisone
Phase II
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Tafenoquine
Phase I
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
NITD 609
Phase I
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
MK 4815
Pre-clinical
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
CEM 101
Pre-clinical
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
P218
Pre-clinical
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
GSK 2243979A and GSK 2223413A
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Genz-668764
Discovery
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AN3661
Pre-clinical
Medicines for Malaria Venture (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
OZ 439
Phase II
Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
GNF156
Pre-clinical
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Acridones
Discovery
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinoline Methanol
Discovery
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA
Phase II
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvCSP/AS01
Phase II
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
p52-/p36- GAP Vaccine
Phase II
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Imidazolidinedione analogs
Discovery
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Tafenoquine
Phase I
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Tinidazole
Phase II
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CelTOS + GLA-SE
Pre-clinical
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Restanza
Pre-clinical
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1
Discovery
Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Cell based screening/lead optimization
Discovery
Pfizer Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Industry screening efforts
Discovery
Pfizer Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Cell based screening/lead optimization
Discovery
Pfizer Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AZCQ
Phase III
University of California, Berkeley (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
DPAP inhibitors
Discovery
Stanford University (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
DPAP inhibitors
Discovery
Central Drug Research Institute (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
99/411
Pre-clinical
Central Drug Research Institute (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
97/78
Phase I
Ipca Laboratories Ltd (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
99/411
Pre-clinical
Ipca Laboratories Ltd (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
97/78
Phase I
Merck & Co., Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
MK 4815
Pre-clinical
Merck & Co., Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Cell based screening/lead identification
Discovery
Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences (China)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ARCO
Phase II
Medivir (Sweden)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
dUTPase inhibitors
Discovery
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
RTS,S/AS01
Phase III
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PfSPZ
Phase II
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvCSP/AS01
Phase II
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdVac
Phase II
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvRII
Pre-clinical
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
pDNA malaria vaccine
Pre-clinical
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AnAPN-1
Pre-clinical
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Pfs48
Discovery
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CSP
Discovery
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1
Discovery
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EBA/Rh
Discovery
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvDBII
Discovery
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PE selection
Discovery
Naval Medical Research Center (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA
Phase II
Naval Medical Research Center (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PfSPZ
Phase II
Naval Medical Research Center (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
DNA-Ad
Phase II
Naval Medical Research Center (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PE selection
Discovery
University of Maryland Center for Vaccine Development (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PfSPZ
Phase II
Sanaria, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PfSPZ
Phase II
Okairos Srl (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 MSP-1
Phase II
Okairos Srl (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA MSP-1
Phase II
Okairos Srl (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 AMA-1
Phase II
Okairos Srl (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA AMA-1
Phase II
Okairos Srl (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Phase II
Okairos Srl (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA ME-TRAP
Phase II
The Jenner Institute (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 MSP-1
Phase II
The Jenner Institute (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA MSP-1
Phase II
The Jenner Institute (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 AMA-1
Phase II
The Jenner Institute (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA AMA-1
Phase II
The Jenner Institute (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Phase II
The Jenner Institute (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA ME-TRAP
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 MSP-1
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA MSP-1
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 AMA-1
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA AMA-1
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA ME-TRAP
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Artemisone
Phase II
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CSVAC
Discovery
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
IMX-MSP4
Pre-clinical
Imaxio (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 MSP-1
Phase II
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA MSP-1
Phase II
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 AMA-1
Phase II
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA AMA-1
Phase II
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdCh63 ME-TRAP
Phase II
Imaxio (France)
Imaxio (France)
Imaxio (France)
Imaxio (France)
Imaxio (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MVA ME-TRAP
Phase II
Imaxio (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
IMX-MSP4
Pre-clinical
Vical, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
DNA-Ad
Phase II
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel
Phase II
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
BSAM-2/Alhydrogel
Phase I
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EP1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine
Phase I
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EBA-175 RII-NG
Phase I
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel, Pfs230, Pfs25-Pfs25/Alhydrogel
Discovery
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CSP-EPA/Alhydrogel
Discovery
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Pregnancy malaria vaccines
Discovery
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Malaria tSVP
Discovery
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ISPA-028
Discovery
Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
p52-/p36- GAP Vaccine
Phase II
Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PE selection
Discovery
Crucell (Netherlands)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdVac
Phase II
USAID Malaria Vaccine Development Program (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AdVac
Phase II
Mymetics S.A. (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PEV301 & 302
Phase I
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Novartis series lead optimization
Discovery
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
SSJ-183
Discovery
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Aminopyridines
Discovery
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PEV301 & 302
Phase I
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
OZ 439
Phase II
Pevion Biotech Ltd. (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PEV301 & 302
Phase I
VaxOnco (Korea (South))
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EP1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine
Phase I
Ichor Medical Systems, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EP1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine
Phase I
Baylor College of Medicine (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EBA-175 RII-NG
Phase I
Vakzine Projekt Management GmbH (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
GMZ2
Phase II
Statens Serum Institut (Denmark)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
GMZ2
Phase II
African Malaria Network Trust (Tanzania)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MSP3-LSP
Phase II
African Malaria Network Trust (Tanzania)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
GMZ2
Phase II
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
JAIVAC-1
Phase I
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvRII
Pre-clinical
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PvDBII
Discovery
Sabin Vaccine Institute (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AnAPN-1
Pre-clinical
Johns Hopkins University Medical School (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AnAPN-1
Pre-clinical
Tulane University (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AQ-13
Phase I
Tulane University (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Pfs48
Discovery
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CSP
Discovery
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EBA/Rh
Discovery
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Pfs48
Discovery
Bharat Biotech (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
JAIVAC-1
Phase I
European Vaccine Initiative (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
JAIVAC-1
Phase I
European Vaccine Initiative (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
P27A
Pre-clinical
European Vaccine Initiative (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
GMZ2
Phase II
European Vaccine Initiative (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1-DiCo
Pre-clinical
European Vaccine Initiative (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CSVAC
Discovery
European Vaccine Initiative (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MSP3-LSP
Phase II
Universite de Lausanne (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
P27A
Pre-clinical
ALMAC Group (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
P27A
Pre-clinical
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AZCQ
Phase III
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
MSP3-LSP
Phase II
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. (India)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Arterolane + piperaquine
Phase III
Hong Kong University of Science and Techology (China)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Artemisone
Phase II
University of Nebraska (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
OZ 439
Phase II
Monash University (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
OZ 439
Phase II
Monash University (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors
Discovery
Sanofi-Aventis (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Industry screening efforts
Discovery
Sanofi-Aventis (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
SAR 97276
Phase II
Sanofi-Aventis (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Ferroquine + artesunate
Phase II
Sanofi-Aventis (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
PA1103/SAR116242
Pre-clinical
Sanofi-Aventis (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ASAQ
Approved
Heidelberg University (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Methylene blue + amodiaqine or artesunate
Phase II
HC Berlin Pharma AG (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ArTiMist
Phase II
Eastland Medical Systems Ltd (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ArTiMist
Phase II
ProtoPharma Limited (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ArTiMist
Phase II
Jomaa Pharma (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Fosclin
Phase II
Immtech Pharmaceuticals Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AQ-13
Phase I
Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (Singapore)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Novartis series lead optimization
Discovery
Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (Singapore)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
NITD 609
Phase I
Cempra Pharmaceuticals (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
CEM 101
Pre-clinical
Portland State University (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Acridones
Discovery
Portland State University (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
Pre-clinical
DesignMedix (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Acridones
Discovery
DesignMedix (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
Pre-clinical
NeED Pharma (Italy)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ND-901
Pre-clinical
Palumed (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
PA1103/SAR116242
Pre-clinical
PolyMedix Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
PMX-30024 and PMX-70008
Pre-clinical
Spirogen Ltd. (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Centanamycin
Pre-clinical
McGill University (Canada)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Centanamycin
Pre-clinical
Novartis AG (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Novartis series lead optimization
Discovery
Novartis AG (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Industry screening efforts
Discovery
Novartis AG (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Coartem
Approved
Biomedical Primate Research Centre (Netherlands)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Novartis series lead optimization
Discovery
Biomedical Primate Research Centre (Netherlands)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1-DiCo
Pre-clinical
UT Southwestern Medical Center (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors
Discovery
University of Washington (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Pyrazoles
Discovery
University of Washington (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors
Discovery
University of Washington (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
Microfluidic modeling
Pre-clinical
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Industry screening efforts
Discovery
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Genz DHODH
Discovery
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Genz-668764
Discovery
Genzyme (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Industry screening efforts
Discovery
Genzyme (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Genz DHODH
Discovery
Genzyme (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Genz-668764
Discovery
University of California, San Francisco (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AN3661
Pre-clinical
Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
AN3661
Pre-clinical
Synstar Japan Co., Ltd. (Japan)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
SSJ-183
Discovery
Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
SSJ-183
Discovery
Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Aminopyridines
Discovery
Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinolones
Discovery
University of Cape Town (South Africa)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Aminopyridines
Discovery
Drexel University College of Medicine (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Pyrazoles
Discovery
Drexel University College of Medicine (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinolones
Discovery
University of South Florida (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinolones
Discovery
Oregon Health & Science University (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Quinolones
Discovery
AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Industry screening efforts
Discovery
Cenix BioScience (Germany)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
RNAi therapeutic
Discovery
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
RNAi therapeutic
Discovery
ParaQuest, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Hypoestoxide
Discovery
Amura Therapeutics Ltd. (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Falcpain 2/3 protease inhibitors
Discovery
Dilafor (Sweden)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Sevuparin
Phase I
ParinGenix, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
2-0, 3-0 desulfated heparin (ODSH)
Pre-clinical
Eisai Inc. (Japan)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Malaria drug discovery program
Discovery
Queensland Institute for Medical Research
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
Identification of new diagnostic targets
Pre-clinical
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
Identification of new diagnostic targets
Pre-clinical
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
LAMP Plasmodium assay
Pre-clinical
Royal Tropical Institute (Netherlands)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
Identification of new diagnostic targets
Pre-clinical
Eiken Chemical (Japan)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
LAMP Plasmodium assay
Pre-clinical
Hospital for Tropical Diseases (Vietnam)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
LAMP Plasmodium assay
Pre-clinical
University of California, Davis
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
Lifelens
Clinical
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Malaria
Magneto-optic Hemozoin detection
Pre-clinical
Science Applications International Corporation (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Malaria tSVP
Discovery
Selecta Biosciences (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Malaria tSVP
Discovery
US Agency for International Development (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CelTOS + GLA-SE
Pre-clinical
US Agency for International Development (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
FMP010
Phase I
Infectious Disease Research Institute (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CelTOS + GLA-SE
Pre-clinical
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CelTOS + GLA-SE
Pre-clinical
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Ireland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
CSVAC
Discovery
Advanced Life Sciences (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
Restanza
Pre-clinical
Avanti Therapeutics (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Malaria DNA vaccine
Pre-clinical
National Institutes of Health (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
NIH/Cytos malaria vaccine research program
Pre-clinical
Cytos Biotechnology (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
NIH/Cytos malaria vaccine research program
Pre-clinical
iBIO (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
iBIO malaria vaccine research program
Pre-clinical
US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
FMP010
Phase I
Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ASAQ
Approved
Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (Switzerland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ASMQ
Approved
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Brazil)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ASMQ
Approved
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Malaria
ASMQ
Approved
Cipla (India)
Griffith University (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
PlasProtecT
Pre-clinical
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
pDNA malaria vaccine
Pre-clinical
University of Pennsylvania (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
pDNA malaria vaccine
Pre-clinical
Paladin Biosciences division of Paladin Labs Inc. (Canada)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Chimigen malaria vaccine
Discovery
VitamFero (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
Toxoplasma KO Vaccine
Discovery
Walter and Elizabeth Hall Institute of Medical Research (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
AMA1
Discovery
Walter and Elizabeth Hall Institute of Medical Research (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Malaria
EBA/Rh
Discovery