The WPC Qi standard

Wireless Power
The WPC Qi standard
and
bqTESLATM Solutions
Brought to you by
1
TI BMS Deep Dive
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3 Days of Technical In-Depth training on Battery Management topics
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Technology
Gauging
Charging
Wireless Power
Solar / Energy Harvesting
Demos
November
7th
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9th
– Start at noon on Nov 7th
– End at noon on Nov 9th
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Dates: November 7, 8 and 9
Location: Crowne Plaza Hotel, Park
Central, Dallas TX
Crowne Plaza Hotel in
Dallas Texas
TECHNOLOGY
GAUGING
CHARGING
Technology Overview Battery Fundamentals
Gauging algorithm
comparisons - CEDV, Ztrack various generations
Low Power Charging
Applications
Wireless Power- bqTesla intro/overview
Selecting the right gas
gauge for 1s and 2s
applications
Medium / High Power
Charging Applications
Energy Harvesting
Applications and Solutions
How to set up and
program your fuel gauge
PCB layout and thermal
management for chargers
Solar charging problems
and solutions overview
(solar panel
characteristics deep dive)
How to troubleshoot your
fuel gauge: lessons
learned
SuperCap Applications
bq33100, bq24620
Lossless Current Sensing
- tradeoffs in internal
RSNS methods
Monitoring and Balancing
for HEV and large battery
applications
Cell Balancing MethodsDeep Dive
System Prototyping Tools:
MAVRK
PCB layout for fuel
gauges
Others being added…
Lead Acid State-of-Health
Monitoring
2
Wireless power technologies
TI, Philips, Fulton,
Convenient Power,
Sanyo and more
Conductive Charging
(Wildcharge, Duracell)
Wireless Power Consortium
Palm, Powermat
Toothbrush, Witricity
RF Wireless Power (Powercast)
3
Wireless Power Consortium (WPC)
Proprietary Solutions
WPC
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Industry wide standard for delivering wireless
power up to 5W
Aimed to enable interoperability between
various charging pads and portable
devices
Standard continues to gain traction with
increasing list of members (80+)
Compatible devices will be marked with a Qi
logo
Interoperability key to adoption
Broad Industry Support
and more…
4
Market TAM Forecast
 Standardization / Interoperability will drive growth
Aug 17, 2011: IMS Research, a technology consultancy,
released a report on Monday saying by their calculations, the
industry will explode within the coming five years. While only
worth roughly $100 million in 2010, IMS expects the 2016
value to be around $4.5 billion. That’s an annual growth
rate of about 86.5 percent.
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Qi Devices Announced in the Market
LG Charging Pad
Sengfei’s Phone & Charging Pad
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WPC Specification Update
• Latest specification released is 1.0.2
– New manufacturers for shielding material
– Modifications to the timing intervals in Ping
– Guidelines for mechanical design of base station
– Test requirements and guidelines
• FOD being discussed for implementation currently
– Expected to close by WPC #21
– TI is expected to be first IC to the market with FOD implementation
– TX has PMOD implementation currently
7
Inductive Power System Overview
Power
AC to DC
Drivers
Voltage
Conditioning
Rectification
Li Ion
Battery
5V
Communication
Controller
V/I
Sense
Transmitter
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Transmit coil creates magnetic field
Receive coil in proximity converts field into voltage
Shielding material on each side directs field
Power transferred only when needed
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Receiver
Power transmitted through shared magnetic field
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Communication
and Control
Transmitter waits until its field has been perturbed
Transmitter sends seek energy and waits for a digital response
If response is valid, power transfer begins
Power transferred only at level needed
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I
z<D
D
Receiver constantly monitors power received and delivered
Transmitter adjusts power sent based on receiver feedback
If feedback is lost, power transfer stops
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System Efficiency Dependencies
Good Efficiency when coils less than one diameter apart
• Coupling between coils
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Distance (z) between coils
Ratio of diameters (D2 / D) of the two coils
Physical orientation
• Quality factor
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Ratio of inductance to resistance
Geometric mean of two Q factors
• Uncoupled field has no losses
• Near field allows TX to “see” RX
Higher
efficiency
Lower
efficiency
Optimal operating distance
40% at 1 diameter
1% at 2.5 diameter
0.1% at 4 diameters
0.01% at 6 diameters
Efficiency is Optimal when Coils are Less than One Diameter apart
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Communication - Basics
• Primary side controller must detect that an object is placed on the charging pad.
– When a load is placed on the pad, the primary coil effective impedance changes.
– “Analog ping” occurs to detect the device.
• After an object is detected, must validate that it is WPC-compatible receiver device.
– “Digital Ping” – transmitter sends a longer packet which powers up the RX side
controller.
– RX side controller responds with signal strength indicator packet.
– TX controller will send multiple digital pings corresponding to each possible primary
coil to identify best positioning of the RX device.
• After object is detected and validated, Power Transfer phase begins.
– RX will send Control Error Packets to increase or decrease power level
• WPC Compliant protocol ensures interoperability.
VOUT, IOUT
Control processor on RX side will
apply load pulses for signaling
back to TX.
Load current is sensed on primary side
– demodulated to get signaling data.
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Switching Frequency Variation
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System operates near
resonance for improved
efficiency.
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Power control by changing
the frequency, moving along
the resonance curve.
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Modulation using the power
transfer coils establishes the
communications.
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Feedback is transferred to
the primary as error.
Operating Point
80 KHz
100 KHz
120 KHz
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WPC version 1.0 TX design freedom
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Tactical feedback or free positioning
Guided Positioning
(Magnetic Attraction)
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Alignment or selection of coils
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Activation after detection
M
Free Positioning
Positioning (Coil
(Coil Array)
Array)
Free
A
Free Positioning
(Moving Coil)
y
x
20 October 2011
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bqTESLA Wireless Solutions
Gen1 & Gen2
Power
AC to DC
Drivers
Rectification
Voltage
Conditioning
Load
Communication
Controller
V/I
Sense
RX Solutions
Controller
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TX Solutions
• bq500210 (Gen2)
• bq500211 (Gen2)
• bq500110 (Gen1)
Transmitter
bq51013 (Gen2)
bq51011 (Gen2)
bq25046 (Gen1)
MSP430bq1010 (Gen1)
Receiver
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Gen 1* and Gen 2 WPC System Efficiency
bqTeslaTM - Gen 1 and Gen 2 System Efficiency with 5-V Receiver
80
70
60
Efficiency (%)
50
40
Gen 2 - BQ51013
Gen 1
30
20
10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Output Power (W)
*Gen 1 Rx system built using discrete rectification, LDO for voltage conditioning and Micro for communication control.
Gen Rx integrated all three functions into a single IC
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bqTESLA EVMs
bqTESLA Evaluation Modules
New
bq51013EVM-725
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Qi-compliant coil used w/ EVM kit
40-mm x 30-mm x 0.75-mm
WPC Compliant Receiver Coil
WPC Compliant Transmitter Coil
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bq51013 “form factor” demo PCB (PR1041)
5 x 15 mm footprint for all RX side circuitry
• Represents what an OEM would design into their actual end-product to
enable wireless power from a QI-compliant charging pad.
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Receiver Product Roadmap
Released
Low Power
Samples
Future
BOM Count: 20
15mm
BOM Count: 52
Wireless
FEnd
APPLICATION SERIES
5mm
22mm
Z: 1.5mm
Gen2 (bq51k)
16mm
Z: 1.68mm
Gen1 (bq25046,
MSP430BQ1010)
• Only IC required between
RX coil and output voltage
• 5V Power Supply released
April-2011
• Direct charger released in
Q3-2011
• Eval kit released
• Meets accessory
implementations
Power
Supply
Series
Direct
Charger
Series
INTEGRATION
Discrete
1st Level of Integration
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bq5101x Receiver Product Schedule
Device
Vo-Reg
Application
Function
Availability
PG 2.0 SILICON
bq51013
(Gen 2)
bq51011
(Gen 2)
bq51050
(Gen 2)
5V
General Power Supply
(Power Level = 2-5W)
Power Supply
Released
5V
Current Limited Power Supply (Power
Level = 2-5W)
Power Supply
Released
4.2V
Integrated Li-Ion Battery Charger
Charger
Sampling
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bq51013
Gen2 Wireless Power Receiver (RX) – WPC Compliant
• Integrated Wireless Power Receiver Solution with a
5V Regulated Supply
• Integration reduces total system solution board space and cost
- 93% Overall Peak AC-DC Efficiency
- Full Synchronous Rectifier
- WPC v1.0 Compliant Communication Control
- Output Voltage Conditioning
- Only IC Required Between RX coil and 5V DC Output
Voltage
- Provides more power to end equipment and reduces heat dissipation
- Integration into single devices simplifies design and reduces board space
- Allows RX to have interoperability with WPC compliant TX solutions
- Output regulation provides quiet output voltage ready for load
- Simplifies design and reduces board space and cost.
• Internal Dynamic Rectifier Control for Improved
Load Transient Response
• Supports 20V Max Input
• Low-power Dissipative Rectifier Overvoltage
Clamp (VOVP = 15V)
• Thermal Shutdown
• Single NTC/Control
• 1.9 x 3mm WCSP or 4.5 x 3.5mm QFN (bq51013A)
Package
• Consistent power delivered to system load to reduced power sags
• Provides broad range of applications and coils
• Protects the IC from voltages beyond the maximum rating of the IC
• Prevents potential damage device and lowers power dissipation
• Optimal Safety and reduces I/O required to Host
• Saves board space and offers alternate packaging for manufacturing
Targeted for low-power (<5W) end equipment:
Cell phones - Digital cameras - Portable media
players - Remote/gaming controllers - Bluetooth,
Headsets - Other portable devices
bq51013EVM
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bq51013 – General 5V Power Supply
Integrates synchronous rectification, voltage conditioning, communication control
bq51013 acts as a Power Supply to deliver 5V to the VIN pin of the system charger
bq51013 automatically selects between AC adapter/USB and wireless input power sources
Provides adjustable current limit protection and coil overvoltage protection
Host interface can enable OTG mode via EN1 = ‘1’ or charge termination
with EN1 = EN2 = ‘1’
5V regulation @ 5W
USB or
AC Adapter
Input
bq24180
VBUS
Adapter Detection
Adapter Enable
30V rating
Host Control
of End Power/ Fault
bq51010
SW
PMID
BOOT
PGND
/AD-EN
AD
OUT
C4
C5
RECT
AC1
COIL
TS
D1
BOOT1
C1
VTSB
C3
R4
R2
C2
D+
D-
USB PHY
TS/CTRL
Receiver Coil
AC2
CBOOT2
NTC
CCOMM2
PACK-
SYSTEM
VAUX
COMM1
/CHG
COMM2
EN1
CSIN
CSOUT
PGND
TS Pin for Vhot and Vcold protection.
Can be used to signal termination or a
fault (CTRL)
Status
HOST
Host Control
of Adapter pin
functionality
AUXPWR
DCO
SCL
SDA
INT
EN2
ILIM
R1
PSEL
CLMP
R3
BOOT2
CCOMM1
Power supply current
limit programmable via
an external resistor.
PACK+
CBOOT1
DRV
PMID
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Typical Application Circuit
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bqTESLA Transmitter (TX) Roadmap
Samples
Development
Gen 2 Family (bq500xxx)
Future
BOM Count: 71
~1200mm2 (30 x 40mm)
PERFORMANCE
50% reduction in form factor
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Digital Demodulation
5V Input – bq500211 in Oct11
Free Positioning (Coil Array) –1Q12
Single TX w/ multi coil
Gen 2 - bq500210
BOM Count: 160
~2600mm2 (50 x 52mm)
Gen 1 - bq500110
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WPC Compliant Solution
Analog demodulation
Half-Bridge Monolithic Power Train
One controller per bay
Guided Positioning (Type A1)
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WPC Compliant Solution
Digital Demodulation
Full-Bridge Monolithic Power Train
One controller per bay
Guided Positioning (Type A1)
Released!
Released!
Dec’10
2011
2012
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bq500xxx Transmitter Schedule
Device
VIN
Application
Function
Projected
Release
Single Bay
bq500110
(Gen 1)
bq500210
(Gen 2)
bq500211
(Gen 2)
19V
Single Bay – 5W
QFN-48
Transmitter
Production
19 V
Single Bay – 5W
QFN-48
Transmitter w/
Digital Demod
Production
5V
Single Bay – 5W
QFN-48
Transmitter w/
Digital Demod
Samples – Now
Prod – Oct11
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GEN2: TX System Diagram
GEN1:
19Vin
X
TPS54231 Buck
Regulator
TPS715A01
Linear Regulator
3.3VDC
5.5VDC
bq500xxx
Wireless
Power
Controller
NTC
PWM
CSD17308 NexFET
Tank/Coil
Assembly
TPS28225
MOSFET DRIVER
CSD17308 NexFET
Serial COM
• bq500210 Based Designs…
– Converts Analog Demod circuit to
Digital Demod circuit
• Significant reduction in BOM and Area
– Simplifies Current Sense circuit – no
Current Sense Transformer
• Reduces BOM cost and Area
– Simplifies Regulator circuit for Drivers
• Reduces cost
X
INA214 Current
Sense
X
3x OPA4348
74LVC1G3157
Active FILTER
– Uses Lower Cost Power FETs
– Uses Lower Cost INA amplifier
– PMOD performance offers improved
Linearity and Sensitivity
– Optional configuration
• Use lowest cost MSP430 & TLV70033
to implement “Standby Mode” for
Energy Star
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GEN2 – Digital Communication Demodulation
Gen 1
Gen 2
Gen 2 demodulation removes the current sense transformer and analog
filters and comparators.
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bq500210 Application Schematic
bq500210
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bq500210:
Gen 2 Wireless Power Transmitter Controller - WPC Compliant, 1-Bay
• Single-Bay Wireless Power Transfer Controller compliant to
WPC 1.02 specifications
• Provides simple, cost effective, low BOM count design
implementation
• Digital Demodulation reduces system BOM and simplifies
solution over the bq500110
• Reduces external circuitry used in analog
implementations
• Demodulates and Decodes WPC Complaint Receiver Message
Packets over same Wireless Link that transfers electrical power
• Provides closed loop power control system for various
application solutions
• PID closed-loop power transfer control via frequency
modulation (110kHz-200kHz)
• Delivers comprehensive system-level power transfer
management
• Real time efficiency analyzer
• Maximizes power transfer efficiency – reduces loss & protection
• Improved Parasitic Metal Object Detection (PMOD) from
bq500110
• Provides protection from power transfer to metal objects,
overheating, and power loss
• Overload and Over-Temperature protection
• Safe and reliable operation
• 14 programmed LED indication schemes
• Visual operational status and diagnostics
- Controller standby
- Charge complete
- System Fault States
- Power Transfer
- PMOD Warning & Stop
• 7 x 7mm 48 pin QFN Package (Pb Free, RoHS Compliant)
• Provides small size and ease of manufacturing solution
LOW POWER OPTION with MSP430-G2001
• Transmitter Pad for Contactless Charging with
WPC Specification 1.0 Compliance
• Targeted for low-power (<5W) end equipments:
cell phones, digital cameras, portable media
players, remote/gaming controllers, Bluetooth
headsets and other portable devices
~IQ
= 15.0mA
~IQ_MSP430_LED = 4.7mA
~IQ_MSP430
= 3.0mA
EVM/Tool
~PQ
= 300mW
~PQ_MSP430_LED = 90mW
~PQ_MSP430
= 60mW
bq500210 EVM-689
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Gen1 and Gen2 EVM Comparison
bq500110
Analog
Demodulation
3.3V SWIFT
Regulator
Power Train
CT
Gen 1 EVM
BOM Count: 160
~2600mm2 (50 x 52mm)
3.3V SWIFT
Regulator
Buzzer
Power Train
MSP430
bq500210
Gen 2 EVM
BOM Count: 71
~1200mm2 (30 x 40mm)
• Replaced INA214 to INA199A2 (Shunt monitor)
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Drop-in replacement
Retains high-side sensing
• Replaced CSD17308 to CSD17313 (Power MOSFET):
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Smaller and fully released - samples available
• Added TLV70033 (low power LDO) to remove power to bq500210 in standby mode
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Reduces Iq to <5mA (w/ LED), or <4mA (no LED)
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TI Wireless Power Forum
& Wireless Power Web Page
• TI E2E Community-Wireless Power
http://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspx
• External Forum—available for
entire engineering community
• Ground Rules
•
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Keep the questions technical in nature,
good question your peers can benefit
from at a later date.
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One question per-post to make it
easer to search.
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Place P/N in Topic with description
of question again to make it easier to search.
–
Do not ask pricing or deliver questions
TI Wireless Power Web Page http://www.ti.com/wirelesspower
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Magnetic Suppliers and Part Numbers
Partners for RX Coils
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Toko:
TDK:
Vishay:
Mingstar:
Chris Seiberlich ([email protected])
Keith Itagaki ([email protected])
Tim Shafer ([email protected])
Alan Liaw ([email protected])
Partners for TX Coils
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Elytone (ECO00260A):
Toko X1387:
TDK:
E&E:
Vishay:
Mingstar:
Kolektor-Magma
TopFlux:
Annie Jya ([email protected])
Chris Seiberlich ([email protected])
Keith Itagaki ([email protected])
Darren Simmons ([email protected])
Tim Shafer ([email protected])
Alen Liaw ([email protected])
Milivoj Sečan ([email protected])
Cho Hong Min ([email protected])
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For technical specs & tutorials:
http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com
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Thank You!
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