Best Trapping Practices - Fédération des trappeurs gestionnaires du

Transcription

Best Trapping
Practices
The illustrations and data provided in these documents were inspired from the results of the trap testing completed
through the work of the Trap Research and Development Committee of the Fur Institute of Canada.
They are intended as general guidelines for trap users
Text and design
Gaétan Fournier
Fédération des Trappeurs Gestionnaires du Québec
Pierre Canac-Marquis
Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune
Graphic design and illustrations
Mélinda Morissette
Fédération des Trappeurs Gestionnaires du Québec
March 2012
Update April 2014
Best Trapping Practices
GENERAL INFORMATION
KILLING TRAPS
Principles
Criteria
Approach angle
B
AB
A•
Centred approach
facing the trap
•
Set (angle of approach by the animal, trap
position, trigger position and configuration, trigger adjustment);
•
Trap Model Mechanical properties (velocity, momentum and clamping forces)
B
Pole will control the
approach
C
•
•
Trap position
B
Dorso-ventral (ideal)
D
Side hit (avoid)
•
•
Bad strike
Trigger Adjustment
Slow (double strike)
Single
B
Double
D
J. Goodman ©
Strike locations (targeted vital strike
zones).
Illustrations show rotating jaw traps but
can be applied to other killing type traps.
Appropriate strike
Strike type
Quick (single strike)
Update : march 13, 2012
D
Trap dimensions (adapted to the size of
the animal);
J. Goodman ©
These criteria and principles apply to species-specific
killing traps. For a list of certified traps for each species,
see :
http://www.fur.ca/TRS_certified_traps.php
http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/publications/enligne/faune/reglementation-piegeage/engins/anipsc.asp
MUSKRAT
KILLING TRAPS
To Get Optimal Lethal Strike Locations
On land and submerged
Strike Type
Single
Burrow or house entrance
Recommended Strike Locations
1
2
3
4
✓
✓
✓
✓
7.7 cm
2 Atlanto occipital (neck base)
120 frame
120 frame
6.7 cm
3 Neck
Head 1
4
Thorax
Semi-submerged
Guiding sticks to reduce the opening thereby
allowing rapid contact with the trigger
These specifications only apply to killing traps for this
species. For a list of certified traps, see :
= Approach by the animal
OTTER
KILLING TRAPS
Channel set “submerged”
Trail set (on land)
Bait or lure set
220 and 330
frame
8.5 to 10.5 cm
Strike Types
1
Single
330 frame
✓
Double*
Trail set
“semi-submerged”
2
3
4
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
* Any combination of thorax ④ and strike location ① or ② or ③.
3 cm
220 frame
(neck base)
13 cm
11.2 cm
Neck
Trail set (on land)
220 and 280 frame
Head
Fur Institute of Canada ©
Bait or lure set
BEAVER
KILLING TRAPS
“Submerged”
Lure Set
“semi-submerged”
330 frame
280 and 330
frame
280 frame
Bank hole
10.8 cm
2.5 cm
Lure Set
“On land”
Strike Types
5 cm
1
2
3
4
Single
✓
✓
✓
✓
Double*
✓
✓
✓
✓
5 cm
10.8 cm
8.9 cm
Head 1
3 Neck
4
Thorax
“On land” also
= Lure
WEASEL
KILLING TRAPS
“Closed” Box trap
Double rotating jaws / baited trigger
Strike Type
Single
1
2
3
4
✓
✓
✓
✓
Modified Rat Trap
3 Neck
Head 1
4
Thorax
14 cm
Reduced opening for better selectivity and
approach by the animal
Plastic cone to ensure
correct approach
4 cm
Screws
3 cm
5 cm
3
cm
9.5 cm
6 cm
3 cm
2 cm
2.5 cm
2 cm
3.5 cm
120
frame
1.5 cm
14 cm
1.75 cm
5 cm
14 cm
= Bait
MARTEN
KILLING TRAPS
Strike Types
Box set
120 frame
1
2
3
4
Single
✓
✓
✓
✓
Double*
✓
✓
✓
✓
2.5 cm
3 cm
8.5 cm
Head 1
3 Neck
4
Thorax
7.6 cm min.
12.7 cm
species. For a certified traps list, see :
pole
= Bait
FISHER
KILLING TRAPS
Pole set
160
frame
or
1
2
3
4
✓
220
frame
5.6 cm
9.5 cm
9 cm
2 cm 5 cm
2.5 cm
Head 1
Small stick between jaws
10 cm dia.
Recommended Strike Location
Single
With baited trigger
120
frame
6.5 cm
6 cm
Box set
Strike Type
3 Neck
4
Thorax
2 cm
11 cm max
10 to
12.7 cm
8 cm
160 120
28 cm
1.5 or
1.8 m
45° to
60°
= Bait
RACCOON
KILLING TRAPS
Pole set*
Box set*
or
220 frame
8.9 cm
Strike Type
Trail set
2
3
4
✓
280
frame
11.7 cm
14 cm
1.9 cm
3 Neck
15 cm
4
Thorax
3.8 cm
Head 1
6.4 cm
1
Single
11.7 cm
7.6 cm
10 cm dia.
11 cm max.
28
cm
28 cm
45°
* Trap size and distance between the
bait and the center of the trap is a major factor in obtaining atlanto-occipital
strikes.
Center trap on pole for best approach
= Bait
Sets above the ground (vertical or horizontal) is to avoid captures by a front leg
CANADA LYNX
KILLING TRAPS
1
2
3
4
✓
Single
Pull trigger
Set details
Strike Type
280 and 330
frame
Trigger wire
String
3 Neck
Head 1
4
Thorax
10.2 cm
38 cm
38 cm
Technique to encourage lynx to take the bait with its
mouth thus avoiding capture by a front paw.
= Bait
GENERAL INFORMATION
KILLING NECK SNARES
Efficient locks (equipped with a compression spring)
Recommended attachment points
•
•
Cam lock dented
Amberg lock
Spring
Ferrule
S-Hook
Loop
Loop
Always tie off the snare for the largest possible animal you may catch
To enable the neck snare to close behind the ears and a proper positioning of the lock on
the dorsal part of the neck (see
)
A high
attachment point
Flat washer
(optional)
Stinger spring
Lock
Types of cable (galvanized steel)
Target species
Diameter
(inches)
Construction
Breaking
point (lbs)
+ Lynx/Bobcat
Fox/Coyote
1/16
1/16
1 x 19
7x7
500
480
Coyote/Fox
5/64
5/64
1 x 19
7x7
800
650
Wolf
3/32
3/32
1 x 19
7x7
1 200
920
Improving construction
S-Hook (To avoid cervidae
captures + provide better lock
sliding movement)
Senneker trigger
(increases clamping force)
Update : April 28, 2014
Flat loop or
swivel
•
Use of a neck snare holder (whammy) to provide a sufficient ”temporary” resistance
Lock
Ferrule
Flat washer
Neck snare holder
Swivel
Swivel (to avoid
cable torsion and breaking)
Stake
Support wire
SETTING PRINCIPLES
Stricking areas (Canidae + Felidae)
KILLING NECK SNARES
Snare set sites and attachment points
Densely wooden
area
Ideal
Attachment wire
fixed high
Flat knot or swivel
Short neck
snare
To avoid
Area where the
carotids and
the trachea are
most exposed
Loop diameters and heights
A
B
Species
A
B
Fox
18 cm
(7”)
18 cm
(7”)
Bobcat
20,5 cm
(8”)
20,5 cm
(8”)
Lynx
20,5 cm
(8”)
30,5 cm
(12”)
Coyote
25 cm
(10”)
25 cm
(10”)
Wolf
35 cm
(14”)
35 cm
(14”)
Wolf
(Northern)
40,5 cm
(16”)
45,5 cm
(18”)
Open ground
Neck snare holder (Whammy)
Position of
support wire
Long neck snare
Lock positioned
on back of the
neck after closing
Swivel
Stake
Support wire
Freed support wire
N.B. On top of these considerations, in order to ensure a rapid loss of unconsciousness and death, killing neck snares must be
properly constructed: efficient locks equipped with compression spring, smallest possible cable wire diameter for the target species. The assembly must produce the best possible mobility ( S-Hook) and efficiency of the sliding lock (Senneker trigger, Power
snare).
ACCIDENTAL CATCHES
(Cervidae, cattle, sheep)
KILLING NECK SNARES
To avoid capture and retention of cervidae, cattle and sheep, killing neck snares
must be constructed and set the proper way.
S-Hook
Accidental catches of moose in neck snares
intended for wolves (nose catch)
Diverter; wire no 11 (set details)
View from above
In a conventional
set
Double ferrule
Side view
28”
28”
15°
Conventional
Cam lock with
S-Hook
54% of the catches
involve the nose
28”
15°
Attachment
wire no 9
S-Hook opening
point between 320
to 640 lbs
Using a diverter wire
Cam lock with breakaway rivet
Rivet breaking
point at
± 270 lbs
Flexible neck snare
Heavy sliding parts
46% of catches
involved the hooves
(rear hoof in 2/3 of cases)
Stopper ring 10” from
sliding lock
(wolf neck snare)
Lock + S-Hook
Leg catch = rupture produced by S-Hook
ACCIDENTAL CATCHES
(eagles + birds of prey)
KILLING NECK SNARES
Problems
•
Trapping period = critical period for migration
•
Canid enclosure set: High risk trapping technique
•
Solution :
•
Solution :
Ground
level
Holes for gaz emanations
AND
AND / OR
Construction of open or inverse enclosure set
Use of snare sets with scent lure and very small size hidden baits (1 lb/0,5 kg)
hidden inside a bait container (plastic tube with holes and lid). Ensure that the
bait can’t be released from container.
Ex. : Trail crossing
*
*
Natural dense
vegetation edge
LEGEND :
*
Trail or opening
*
Field
or
opening
Buried
bait
container
30 M
30 M
*
No snare set in this area
Made-up trail in dense
vegetation or woodland
N.B. : the open surface must allow the birds of prey to easily land and take off close to the bait
(if exposed to their sight)
Attractant : (lure) + (small size bait hidden close to the ground in a bait container)
Position of neck snares
Access road
Use of trail sets
(no bait)
Scent emanations pipe
Solution = Use of a adapted bait container
(eg. Steel bucket with lid)
Buried bait container
Hand made trail
Existing trail or dense vegetation edge
For more information on proper birds of prey handling and rehabilitation techniques consult: http://www.uqrop.qc.ca/en/
GENERAL INFORMATION
LIVE CAPTURE
Elements of trapping to avoid injuries / Limb Holding Traps
Daily check of the trap sets
Jaw type traps and certain footsnares
...Produces an appropriate strike location
Proper adjustment of the pan trigger...
Jaw type traps +
Foot encapsulating
Centre mounted swivel
Bend here for
adjustment
Jaw Type Traps, Footsnares, Foot Encapsulating Traps
Jean-François Houle ©
Use of swivels avoids injuries
by twisting
Shock absorber
springs
All limb holding traps
for raccoon and lynx :
use stake anchoring
systems
Strong (coyote, wolf)
Movement radius =
chain length X 2
Regular (fox)
Canids, lynx, raccoon :
With a stake, use short chain or cable
Canids jaw trap only :
With a drag anchoring system, use a long chain
(see Canids sheet)
Stake or drag trap anchoring :
Use an inline shock absorber spring and a sufficient
number of swivels
= Swivel
= Shock absorber spring
These specifications only apply to the species-specific
live capture traps. For a list of certified traps for each species, see :
CANIDS (fox, coyote, wolf)
LIVE CAPTURE
FOOTSNARE / JAW TYPE TRAP
Trap Set Details to Avoid Injuries
Footsnares
Jaw type trap
Optimal Strike Locations
(set)
Ré
su
lta
nt
e
(not set)
1
2
✓
✓
3
1 Toes
2 Pad
3 Wrist
Shock absorber
springs
Recommended anchoring chain
maximum length
Mobile (drag)
Jaw type trap and
footsnares
Regular (fox)
Use of swivels avoids injuries
by twisting
Jean-François Houle ©
Strong (coyote, wolf)
Stake
Fox
1.5 m
0.3 m
Coyote
2.5 m
0.5 m
Wolf
3m
1.2 m
3
2
1
Use of at least one shock absorber spring and a sufficient
number of swivels
Stake
Movement radius =
chain length X 2
With a stake, use short chain or
cable (see table)
With a drag anchoring system, use a
long chain (see table)
= Swivel
NB : For all footsnare cable, use stake only, no drag
= Shock absorber spring
For more details, check the PIGEC manual (http://www.ftgq.qc.ca/fr/publications/index.htm)
These specifications only apply to the live capture traps
for these species. For a certified trap list for coyote and
wolf, see :
RACCOON
LIVE CAPTURE
FOOT ENCAPSULATING TRAPS
Trap Set Details To Avoid Injuries
Lil’ Grizz Get’rz
Optimal Strike Location
Egg trap
1
- Bait set under pull
trigger
2
3
✓
± 60°
- Positioned this way,
the restraining arm
(steel rod) strikes on
the pad side
Light
compacted soil
For all trap models :
Duffer
1 Toes
Ideal raccoon
approach angle
- Short chaining system
- 2 swivels
- Stake anchoring system
2 Pad
3 Wrist
Obstacle
behind the trap
1
2
3
Duffer and Egg trap :
Compacted
soil
- Partly buried underground
(compacted soil)
- Bait set on the trigger
Compacted
soil
for this species. For a list of certified traps, see :
= Swivel
CANADA LYNX
LIVE CAPTURE
FOOTSNARE / JAW TYPE TRAP
Trap Set Details to Avoid Injuries
Optimal Strike Locations
1
2
✓
✓
3
1 Toes
2 Pad
Favour this type of
strike...
Trap anchoring
3 Wrist
- Stake only
- Short (max. length 24.5 cm)
...To obtain this strike, properly
position the trap
2 swivels + shock spring
1
2
3
for this species. For a list of certified traps, see :
Set only for capture by one front foot
= Swivel
GENERAL INFORMATION
CAGE
Installation Details
•
•
•
Cage set in the shade and if
possible protected from bad
weather and to prevent
exposure to sun and
hypothermia
•
Daily check, early morning
•
If set close to water edge, anticipate water level fluctuations
to avoid drowning
•
Choose quiet trap sites to
avoid stress
LIVE CAPTURE
CAGES
gutter
For a list of raccoon certified traps, see :
PUBLISHED BY THE
Fédération des Trappeurs Gestionnaires du Québec. All rights reserved ©
March 2012, Update April 2014
LEGAL DEPOSIT
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec 2012, 2014
ISBN : 978-2-924030-04-2 (PDF 2012)
978-2-924030-11-0 (PDF 2014)

Best Trapping Practices - Fédération des trappeurs gestionnaires du

Transcription

Similar documents

Atsena Otie Key - Mosquito Magnet

Heart Attack Warning Signs

Color Flyer page 2 - World Manufacturing

HEART ATTACK - KNOW THE SYMPTOMS Poster

John`s John

CUSHCRAFT R7 Rescue and Refurbishment

pdf - Firestone Reserve

Our LatestNewsletter - Animal Protection League of New Jersey

How to Trap a Leprechaun.pptx - CarrolltonFineArtsFall2013

The Organizer`s Tale by Cesar Chavez

iPPlus Sales Sheet - IP Plus Consulting, Inc.