File - The Tystenac

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Tiffin, Ohio
Written and edited
by and for
the students of
TIFFIN UNIVERSITY
155 MIAMI STREET
TIFFIN, OHIO 44883
APRIL 18, 2016
Nearby building once the premier “palace of pleasure”
by NICK BUCHANAN
Editor
Martha Nisonger didn’t fit the
archetype of a woman by the standards of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
She owned property. She was a
successful businesswoman. She
had a child out of wedlock. She
smudged details of her own government documents. She regularly sat
in the defendant’s seat in the Seneca
County Common Pleas Court. She
spent some time in jail.
Oh, and she was the proprietress
of the Hotel Berlin, Tiffin’s premier
“palace of pleasure.”
Better known as Mattie, Nisonger
began her reign as the grand madam of town soon after her arrival in
Tiffin in the late 1880s. A Seneca
County historical publication titled
Drinkers & Winkers states that she
opened the Hotel Mansfield on Tilden Street, near Heidelberg University, in a former pottery workshop
around 1888. The publication, compiled and written by Lisa Swickard
and Tricia Valentine, cites police
reports confirming the Hotel Mansfield as Nisonger’s first house of
ill-fame. She transformed her home
on the adjacent Railroad Street into
a satellite brothel as well.
The late Myron Barnes, who was
connected to the Seneca County
Historical Museum in the mid1970s, said in the Dec. 31, 1975 issue of the Seneca Sentinel that the
Hotel Mansfield was “remembered
by ancient people, as having green
walls and green doors, and a red
light above the door.” Those who
Mattie Nisonger’s Hotel Berlin still stands empty at 36 Hudson St., less than half a mile from Tiffin University
and a block away from the Viaduct Bar and Grill. photo by NICK BUCHANAN
remembered it knew it as a “noisy
place with a piano.”
Barnes also wrote that Nisonger
had a husband who was involved
in the business and was killed in a
knife fight at the Hotel Mansfield,
although that claim is not supported
by available documents. Drinkers
& Winkers reports that a search for
marriage records between Mattie
and a John Nisonger returned no
results and that no police reports
exist on the supposed knife fight. A
copy of her death certificate printed
in Drinkers & Winkers lists her as a
widow and a John Nisonger as both
her husband and her father – awkward.
The Hotel Berlin structure com-
missioned by Nisonger was not
recorded until 1896 on Sanborn Insurance maps, according to a manuscript written by Denise Legron
that was found in the Seneca County Museum prostitution file. Upon
its construction, she moved her
business to the Hotel Berlin at 36
Hudson St., a prime location sitting
along the railroad.
A digital archive of the 1901 book
Ohio Criminal Law and Practice: A
Practical Treatise, with Directions
and Forms by Jay Ford Laning reveals lenient punishments for people like Nisonger: “the keeper of
such houses of ill-fame [or] prostitution … shall upon conviction
thereof be fined not less than one
[dollar] nor more than three hundred dollars or imprisoned in the
workhouse or county jail not less
than ninety days nor more than six
months or both.”
However, a law passed in 1894,
dubbed the Winn Law, targeted
brothels. It declares that a building
could be deemed as house of illfame if it was “generally reputed in
the neighborhood … to be a building or place where persons of opposite sex meet for the purpose of
prostitution” and that “the sale, exchange or giving away of intoxicating liquors in brothels … is hereby
prohibited,” as outlined in Laning’s
book.
continued on page 7
THE THROWBACK ISSUE
While our 83-year history here at The Tystenac is a bit rocky, with some name changes and publication hiatuses blurring some details of our
past, we know that the past helps shape our present and our future. In fact, when we rebranded the student press to The Tystenac once again last
fall, we did so to embrace our past while writing our future as an online and print publication.
Staff members at The Tystenac have been hard at work, writing historical feature articles over famous journalists and interesting local history as
part of their history of American journalism course. This issue, designed to pay homage to the 1970s layout of our publication, is checkered with
these features. Pay good attention to them; we promise they’re not as boring as a baseline history course, but they’re arguably more insightful
than one. After all, you’ll learn about prostitutes, serial killers, and kidnapped babies, among many other things, from this paper. When did your
high school history teacher ever tell you about all of this?
WANT MORE CONTENT? VISIT TUTYSTENAC.COM
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 2
Investigative journalist Nellie Bly’s legacy still relevant
by NICK BUCHANAN
Editor
In the second season of FX’s
American Horror Story, viewers
are introduced to Lana Winters, a
journalist on a mission to rise above
the trivial matters she was normally
assigned.
She finds her way into Briarcliff
Manor, a former tuberculosis ward
and crematorium that has been
turned into a Catholicism-associated insane asylum, to uncover inhumane practices and the legend of
murderer Bloody Face. When the
administrator realizes these plans,
she holds Winters at the asylum as
a patient under the false pretenses.
Throughout the series, Winters
realizes the wrongdoings of the institution, discovers the real Bloody
Face through some unfortunate
events, and escapes in order to
break the news immediately. She
films an exposé piece and publishes a popular memoir over her time
at Briarcliff and with the infamous
murderer.
While the story has been inflated
with murder, rape, and no-good
nuns to make for good television,
few people realize that the basis of
Lana Winters’ character is not far
from the real-life story of investigative journalist Nellie Bly.
Born Elizabeth Cochran in 1864,
Bly entered the field in Pittsburg in
1885 with only a high school education. Within two years after her
career’s start, she was employed by
the New York World, a once-failing
publication that made a rebound after Joseph Pulitzer took its reins in
1883. The Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia states that under Pulitzer’s direction, the World
boasted daily circulation counts of
nearly 15 million by 1898 – a substantial growth from the 150,000 it
sold every day in 1883.
The World was the largest newspaper in New York City for a period
of time in the late 1800s in part because of its sensationalized appeal
to immigrants and the lower class;
W. Joseph Campbell and George
Everett, contributing authors to The
Media in America, argue that it “became the trendsetter, the paper others imitated.” In fact, Campbell and
Everett suggest that Pulitzer’s biggest competition, William Hearst
and his New York Journal, mastered
Putilzer’s sensationalized ways and
used his own tactics against him.
While the era of yellow journalism is often slammed with negative
connotations due to its inflations
and baroque paper designs in the
name of higher circulation numbers, it laid the foundation for a
popular style of reporting that we
know today as investigative journalism. Bly inadvertently became
a forerunner of the genre when she
went undercover to gather material
for a World-exclusive exposé – a
type of story that, as stated in the
Feb. 21, 1901 issue of trade journal
The Newspapermaker, was regarded as a “stunt in the name of public
service” in its peak popularity.
For her first of many “stunts,” an
editor assigned Bly to expose the
wrongdoings and inhumane practices of Blackwell’s Island Insane
Asylum, located on what is now
known as New York City’s Roosevelt Island, in 1887. She feigned
insanity and was admitted to the
institution, where she stayed for 10
days to investigate conditions. After discharge, she published a series
of articles in the World, which were
then bound into a book titled Ten
Days in a Mad-House.
A digital transcript of the book
made available through the University of Pennsylvania details the
living conditions in the asylum. The
patients fought over dinner, composed of “dirty, black” bread, five
rotten prunes, and tea that “tasted as
if it had been made in copper.” Given in front of fellow patients before
bedtime, baths were so cold that
Bly said, “My teeth chattered and
my limbs were goose-fleshed and
blue with cold.” Women were then
laid to bed wet and cold in sheer
flannel tops.
Nurses were mean-spirited and often taunted patients to the point of
Nellie Bly became a pioneer in
journalism during a time period in
which less than 5 percent of workers
in the field were female.
photo by H.J. MYERS; public
domain under the Library of Congress
tears; on one occasion, they made
one young woman cry for their own
entertainment, but when she would
not stop crying, “they began to scold
and tell her to keep quiet. She grew
more hysterical every moment until
they pounced upon her and slapped
her face and knocked her head in
a lively fashion.” She still wasn’t
silenced, so the nurses choked her
and dragged her into a closet.
continued on page 3
Famous pilot entangled in an infamous crime
by ALESHA SMITH
Staff writer
Charles Lindbergh was once
known for his famous nonstop solo
flight across the Atlantic, but five
years later he became known for
the crime of the century when his
20-month-old son was kidnapped
and murdered.
Lindbergh was 25 years old when
he made his famous flight across the
Atlantic on May 20, 1927. He took
off from Long Island New York and
traveled 3,500 miles. He landed in
Paris, France thirty-three and a half
hours later. Lindbergh took on this
adventure because he heard about
the $25,000 prize that would be
awarded to whomever could make
the flight from New York to Paris.
Throughout his adventures, he endured bad weather multiple times
but successfully made it to Paris
and won the Orteig Prize.
He not only won the Orteig Prize
of $25,000, but also was awarded
the Legion of Honor by the president of France, and once he got
back to America, he was awarded
the Distinguished Flying Cross by
President Coolidge. Once he ar-
Charles Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris by himself in 1927.
photo copyright JOHN NOBLE under the Library of Congress
rived in New York, the late mayor
Jimmy Walker awarded him New
York’s Medal of Valor. In 1929,
he received his final and highest
medal, the Congressional Medal of
Honor, from President Coolidge.
Charles’ fame didn’t stop after he
made it home; he was later sponsored
by the Daniel Guggenheim Fund to
do a three month tour through the
United States in his plane, Spirit of
St. Louis. According to the Spirit of
St. Louis 2 Project, Lindbergh visit-
ed 49 states and 92 cities, gave 147
speeches, and traveled 1,290 miles
in parades. After his tour ended, he
headed back to New York and soon
met his future wife, Anne Morrow,
daughter of Ambassador Dwight
Morrow. Lindbergh married her on
May 27, 1929. While they experienced many great fortunes, they
would soon become known for their
first misfortune after their first born
son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped on
March 1, 1932.
What seemed like any ordinary
evening in the Lindbergh household
would soon turn into one of their
worst nightmares. The Lindberghs
had put their 20-month old son,
Charles Jr. to bed and left him to the
care of his nurse, Betty Gow. When
Gow went to check on Charles Jr. at
10 p.m., she discovered that he was
missing, so the Lindberghs notified
the Hopewell police. According to
the FBI, after the Hopewell police
searched the premises, a ransom
note was found demanding $50,000
on the nursery windowsill. After
the discovery of the ransom note,
the investigation of the kidnapping
of the Lindbergh baby was handed
over to the New Jersey State Police.
On March 6, 1932, a second ransom
note was given to Lindbergh and
it demanded an increased amount
of $70,000. Lindbergh’s attorney,
Colonel Henry Breckenridge, hired
multiple private investigators to
find the Lindberghs’ missing child.
Two days later, Breckenridge received a third ransom note, which
according to the FBI, stated that an
intermediary would not be accepted
and wanted a note in the newspaper.
continued on page 5
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 3
The Rosa Parks of the Progressive Era
by ALEXANDRIA COLEMAN
Staff writer
A well-known African-American
woman activist, Ida B. Wells, was
the Rosa Parks of the Progressive
Era who rose to fame fighting Jim
Crow laws.
In 1884 Wells began her fight for
racial and gender justice in Memphis when she was asked by the
conductor of the Chesapeake &
Ohio Railroad Company to give
up her seat for a white man. Even
though the 1875 Civil Rights Act
banned discrimination on the basis
of race, creed, or color in theaters,
hotels, transports, and other accommodations, most Caucasians still
wanted segregation.
Wells wrote in her autobiography
of her experience:
“I refused, saying that the forward
car [closest to the locomotive] was
a smoker, and as I was in the ladies’
car, I proposed to stay…[The conductor] tried to drag me out of the
seat, but the moment he caught hold
of my arm I fastened my teeth in the
back of his hand. I had braced my
feet against the seat in front and
was holding to the back, and as he
had already been badly bitten he
didn’t try it again by himself. He
went forward and got the baggageman and another man to help him
and of course they succeeded in
dragging me out.”
She was removed from the train
and the other white passengers applauded. After returning back to
Memphis, she hired an attorney to
sue the railroad company. According to Lee D. Baker, “she won her
case in local circuit courts, but the
railroad company appealed to the
Supreme Court of Tennessee, which
reversed the lower court’s ruling.”
Because of her lawsuit against
the railroad, Wells began her career
as a journalist. She was wanted by
many African-American newspapers because she was a 25-year-old
school teacher who stood up against
white supremacy. She blossomed as
a wonderful journalist and wrote
for papers geared towards African-American and Christian audiences.
Wells was born in Holly Springs,
Mississippi in 1862 and died in
1931 at the age of sixty-nine in Chicago. She was enslaved prior to the
Civil War, but her family still managed to be well off. Her mother was
a famous cook, and her father was
a skilled carpenter. Each of them
provided very well for their seven
children. When she was 14 Yellow
Fever swept through Holly Springs
and killed her parents and youngest siblings, making her the family provider. According to Baker,
“[E]mblematic of righteousness, responsibility, and fortitude that characterized her life, she kept the family together by securing a teaching
job.” She continued her education
at Rust College. After she finished
school, she moved to Memphis to
live with her aunt.
In 1892, three of Wells’
friends were lynched. Tom
Moss, Calvin McDowell and
Will Stewart were owners of
People’s Grocery Company
and had taken some
customers from the
neighboring white
businesses. An angry
white mob attacked the
three men at their store
during the night. While
guarding it Moss and
the others opened fire
killing many people
attacking their store. The
three were arrested and taken
to jail. They did not stand a chance
as a lynch-mob broke into their jail
cell. They dragged the three men out
of town and brutally killed them.
This enraged Wells, and she began writing more about the wrongful deaths of her friends and other
African-Americans. She traveled
to the South to gather more information about lynching incidents.
During her travels a mob broke into
her Memphis newspaper office and
destroyed everything. According to
Bio.com, “she was warned that she
would be killed if she ever returned
to Memphis.”
Wells moved North to Chicago
where she wrote a detailed report
on lynching in America for an Af-
Ida B. Wells fought the injustice of
Jim Crow laws in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries.
photo copyright unknown, courtesy
of the Library of Congress
rican American newspaper, run by
former slave T. Thomas Fortune.
She started an anti-lynching campaign and brought it to the White
House in 1898. She led the protest
and called on President William
McKinley to make changes. She
also established several other civil
rights organizations, among them
the National Association of Colored
continued on page 6
Muckraking pioneer inspires popular television show
continued from page 2
The newspaper series and subsequent book launched a grand jury
investigation into the treatment of
patients in mental health facilities.
The jury’s findings and decisions
were reported under the headline
“Nellie Bly Led the Way” in the
Nov. 3, 1887 issue of the World.
Deeming the conditions unacceptable, the jury proposed increased
state funding for mental health facilities, additional superintendent
physicians, and law reform regarding the care of the mentally ill.
Following her first successful call
for reform, she completed other investigations that “exposed both corruption and the injustice of poverty,
revealing shady lobbyists, the ways
in which women prisoners were
treated by police, the inadequate
medical care given to the poor, and
much more,” according to a biography from the Public Broadcasting
System. She also published a series
of articles in the World, later compiled into a book titled Around the
World in Seventy-Two Days, which
challenged the 80-day timeframe
used in Jules Verne’s 1873 novel.
While this was undoubtedly a stunt
to stir interest in the World, Campbell and Everett claim that it pushed
her to international recognition.
In 1895, at the age of 31, she retired from reporting and married
Robert Seaman, a 73-year-old industrialist who headed the Iron
Clad Manufacturing Company.
Nine years later, he died and left her
the company, which she eventually
ran into bankruptcy. Although she
returned to journalism with the New
York Journal in 1920, Bly died at
the age of 58 in 1922.
While her time in journalism
was short-lived, Nellie Bly forever
Some more unsettling inspiration
Nellie Bly isn’t the only real-life
parallel for American Horror Story:
Asylum. The show’s Bloody Face
character borrows from the story of
Edward Gein, an American murderer
and necrophiliac who also inspired
Norman Bates of Alfred Hitchcock’s
Psycho.
Gein began to snatch dead bodies
and murder women after his mother’s
death in 1945, according to Harold
Schechter, author of Deviant: The
Shocking True Story of the Original
‘Psycho.’ After he was named a person of interest in the disappearance
of a female hardware store owner in
Ed Gein, infamous murderer, plead- 1957, police officers raided his home,
ed not guilty by the reason of insan- where they found a chair upholity to first-degree murder charges stered with human skin, boxes filled
but was found guilty. Photograph with human body parts, clothing and
masks made from skinned women,
copyright unknown.
and mounted human heads.
changed the field. Under Pulitzer,
she helped popularize muckraking
and paved the way for future writers
who used their positions for landmark change, such as Samuel Hopkins Adams, who wrote on deceit in
the pharmaceutical industry; Upton
Sinclair, who uncovered both shoddy journalistic standards and the
vile conditions of the meatpacking
industry; and Ida Tarbell, who exposed the Standard Oil Company’s
monopoly.
Today, promoting change and exposing corruption through journalism is a common practice, held to
the upmost standards; some reporters dedicate months, if not years,
to one piece, crossing every ‘t’
and dotting every ‘i’ to deliver an
accurate representation of the situation at hand. While the negative
connotations of media sensationalism and inflation still linger over a
century removed from the days of
the yellow press, it’s doubtful that
we would see investigative journalism in a remotely credible light today without pioneers like Bly – nor
would we have gotten the storyline
for the best season of American
Horror Story.
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 4
Back issues of The Tystenac reveal interesting TU history
by COLLEEN VALLO
Adviser
The more things don’t change…abortion…marijuana…the presidential
election…race relations…euthanasia.
Open any newspaper or turn on any news show and the above topics
are ones being discussed. And they are the same topics that TU students
were discussing in The Tystenac more than 45 years ago. Here are some
excerpts from those issues:
“Don’t Just Vote … Vote Informed
Never before in the history of this nation have we the people been beset
with such a staggering variety of difficult problems. Never before have we
so needed leaders of wisdom, courage, integrity, and understanding. What
do you really know about Hubert H. Humphrey, Richard M. Nixon, and
George C. Wallace? This could well be the most important presidential
election in the history of the United States. What are the issues and [where]
do the candidates stand?”
The article on the election of 1968 detailed the candidates’ positions on
Vietnam, the draft and riots. This was a tumultuous time period of mass
unrest and protest that was expressed on college campuses throughout the
country.
The same issue ran an editorial by black activist and writer Dick Gregory (who also spoke on campus during this time period) who stated: “I
spend more than 90 percent of my time on college campuses because I
have always believed [that] the moral revolution which is sweeping our
country today is not a matter of black against white. It is simply right
against wrong. The peace movement has brought this truth out into the
open, especially on the college campuses, and has greatly benefited the
civil rights movement by expanding moral outrage and protest activity to
cover all wrong.”
In the fall of 1968 enrollment was “up, up and away” with 504 students
enrolled when the term began Sept. 4. Also in 1968 the university had a
dean of men and a dean of students.
In 1971 consumer advocate Ralph Nader was a guest speaker on campus.
In 1972 Richard M. Nixon received 73 percent of the vote in a mock election on campus; George McGovern received 21 percent and independent
candidate John C. Schmitz won 6 percent. The university’s drama club
presented The Monkey’s Paw for its fall play.
A poignant editorial in a 1970 issue of The Tystenac described the senseless death of a young local woman from a self-induced abortion with a coat
hanger. The editorial writer advocated legalizing abortion. This was three
years before the U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Roe v. Wade
that legalized abortion.
A February 1972 story in the student newspaper discussed the changes to
the student dress code that was approved by the faculty. Students asked for
permission to wear jeans, “neat and clean” for both men and women, and
to permit men to wear their hair according to whatever fashion is in style,
“neat and clean.” Faculty approved amending the dress code to allow all
students to wear jeans without patches or frays but kept men’s haircuts to
“business like.”
In the Nov. 6, 1973 issue of The Tystenac, students debated having coed
dorms on campus and outlined the changes to rules in the women’s houses
that relaxed restrictions on men’s visiting hours. While women were forbidden to enter men’s housing on campus, men were permitted to go into
the living rooms of women’s housing — no bedrooms — every night, until
“bed check.”
TU’s science departments have been expanding significantly in the past
few years, but a look into the archives of The Tystenac reveals that the
university had a science department in the early ‘70s which was news to
current faculty and administrators.
Print editor
Nick Buchanan
Print issue staff writers
Macerio Clark, Jessica Hollan,
Andre Drew, Alexandria Coleman
and Alesha Smith
S T A F F
Adviser
Dr. Colleen Vallo
Professor Russell Zimmerman, former TU president Dr. Richard Pfeiffer, and
science instructor Don Counselman examine new science equipment.
photo taken from a back issue of The Tystenac
Students were required to wear business attire to classes until 1972, when jeans
without holes, frays, or patches were added to acceptable clothing options.
photo taken from Onward the Dawn
Aspiring equestrians wanted
Looking to get away
from the stress of classes and homework for
the day? Tired of knowing how to operate only
a car as your mode of
transportation? Have a strong passion for horses?
Greenfield Stables, located at 1500 East County Road 50 in Tiffin,
is the place for you. Plugged as “a great place to relax, clear your
head, and enjoy the simplicities of life,” the facility provides the
opportunity to get up-close and personal with horses. Equestrians
of all skill levels are welcome.
Amenities include indoor and outdoor riding arenas, three pastures, and an outdoor track. Boarding options are available, should
you have your own horse.
Lessons for the public are $40, and Tiffin University students,
staff, faculty, and their families are eligible for a 10 percent discount. For more information, visit Greenfield Stables’ Facebook
page or contact Gail Kingseed at 419-618-7614.
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 5
Kobe Bryant: A legend that will never be forgotten
by MACERIO CLARK
Staff writer
The Los Angeles Lakers star
shooting guard, Kobe Bryant,
has earned the most votes for the
National Basketball Association
(NBA) All-Star Game and will start
in his eighteenth and last season in
the All-Star Game. This is Bryant’s
eighteenth NBA All-Star appearance, and he has won four NBA
All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, most recently at
the 2011 game that took place in
Los Angeles. With his December
announcement that this season will
be his last, he has been praised by
the NBA and its fans on his farewell
tour, which takes place every road
game.
Over the course of Bryant’s 20year NBA career, he has been compared to some of the greatest NBA
players of all time, including the
six-time NBA Champion Michael
Jordan, who is considered the greatest player of all time.
John Sutherlin of Tiffin University men’s basketball team said he
grew up being inspired by Bryant.
“Kobe was my Michael Jordan.
He was the Jordan of our generation, and he influenced me and my
brothers to play basketball,” he said.
Bryant is seen as one of the history makers in the game and will go
down as one of the greatest players
to touch a basketball.
Bryant is known as a legend because of the success that he has had
on the court. He has won five NBA
championships, three coming with
Shaquille O’Neal during the years
of 2000-2002. His last two rings
were won in 2009 and 2010. He
has won four All-Star Game MVPs,
five NBA Titles, two NBA Finals
MVP Awards, 18 NBA All-Star, 11
NBA First team awards, nine NBA
defensive team awards and is a twotime scoring champion as well as a
dunk contest champion. Outside
of the NBA, he has won the 2007
World Championship gold medal
and two Olympic gold medals.
While Bryant has not won every
game on his own, he has legendary games and numbers that no
one can compare to, such as his 62
points in three quarters against the
Dallas Mavericks while the Mavericks only had 65 points entering the
fourth quarter. In January 2006, he
managed to score 81 points, 55 of
them coming in the second half as
the Lakers beat the Toronto Raptors
122-104. In the 2008-2009 season,
he set the Madison Square Garden
record by scoring 61 points in an
eight-point victory over the New
York Knicks. He also has the most
50-point games in NBA history.
continued on page 6
Bryant’s accomplishments include being a five-time NBA champion, two-time
NBA Finals MVP, 2008 NBA MVP, four-time All Star Game MVP, two-time
Olympic gold medalist, and 1997 slam-dunk champion.
photo courtesy of BITLANDERS.COM
Infant son of award-winning pilot kidnapped and murdered
continued from page 2
Dr. John F. Condon made an offer
in the Bronx Home News to act as
the go-between for the Lindberghs
and also offered to pay an additional
$1,000 ransom. The following day,
Condon received the fourth ransom
note which stated that Condon was
acceptable as the go-between and
Lindbergh agreed to the arrangement.
According to the FBI, March 10,
1932 marked the day that Condon
received the $70,000 cash ransom
and immediately started the negotiations for the return of the Lindberghs’ baby. On March 12, Condon received an anonymous phone
call and a fifth ransom note, which
was delivered by a taxicab driver
named Joseph Perrone, who stated
he received it from an unidentified
stranger. The fifth ransom note stated that another note could be found
beneath a stone at a vacant stand
that was 100 feet from a nearby
subway station. Condon found the
sixth note, which told him to meet
a man named “John” at the Woodlawn Cemetery. At this meeting, Dr.
Condon and “John” discussed the
payment of the ransom money and
he agreed to give Dr. Condon a token of the child’s identity.
Two weeks had gone by and the
Lindbergh’s still had not found
their child. On March 16, Condon
received the seventh ransom note
and infant-sized pajamas, which
Lindbergh positively identified as
his missing child’s. The eighth ransom note was received by Cordon
on March 21 and stated that the
kidnapping had been planned for a
year. Eight days later, Gow found
the baby’s thumb guard, which he
was wearing at the time of the kidnapping, near the front entrance of
the house. The following day, Condon received yet another ransom
that threatened to increase the ransom demands to $100,000.
On the one month anniversary of
the child’s initial disappearance,
Condon received a tenth ransom
note which instructed him to have
the money ready the following
night. In a response to the ransom
note, Condon published an ad in
the Press, and on April 2 Condon
received an eleventh ransom note
that was delivered by yet another taxicab driver who claimed to
have received it from an unknown
man. The eleventh ransom note told
Condon where to find the twelfth
ransom, which was under a stone in
front of a greenhouse on East Trem-
ont Avenue in the Bronx.
Condon followed what the note
said and met “John” again to reduce
the ransom amount to $50,000.
“John” agreed and Condon handed the ransom amount over in exchange for the thirteenth ransom
note. According to the FBI, it stated
that the Lindbergh baby could be
found on a boat named Nellie near
Martha’s Vineyard in Massachusetts. The following day, a search
was made near Martha’s Vineyard
but Charles Jr. was not found.
On May 12, 1932 a man named
William Allen accidentally discovered the missing Lindbergh baby
four and half miles southeast of
the Lindbergh home near Mount
Rose, New Jersey. He was partially buried and badly decomposed.
His skull was crushed and he had
missing body parts. According to
the FBI, the coroner’s examinations
showed that the child had been dead
for about two months and that the
cause of his death was a blow to
his head. The Lindberghs cremated
Charles Jr. on May 13 in Trenton,
N. J. After much investigation into
the Lindbergh case, it finally paid
off in September 1934 when the
man who was suspected of kidnapping baby Lindbergh was brought
into custody.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann was
positively identified as the one who
kidnapped baby Lindbergh after
his handwriting was analyzed and
matched to the ransom notes that
were received during the case. According to the FBI, Hauptmann was
indicted in the Supreme Court in
Bronx County, N. Y. on charges of
extortion and murder. On Oct. 19,
1934 Hauptmann was transferred to
the Hunterdon County Jail in Flemington, N. J. to await trial.
Hauptmann’s trial began on Jan.
3, 1935 and lasted five weeks. According to FBI files, Hauptmann’s
indictment was based solely on circumstantial evidence, such as the
ladder used to get up to the second
floor nursery, Condon’s address and
telephone number found scrawled
on a door frame inside a closet in
his house, and his handwriting
matching the handwriting on the
ransom notes. On Feb. 13, 1935,
the jury found Hauptmann guilty
of first degree murder and was sentenced to death. On April 3, 1936,
Hauptmann was electrocuted and
the Lindberghs finally had justice
and peace for the loss of their little
boy.
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 6
Though a step in the right direction, marriage equality isn’t enough
by NICK BUCHANAN
Editor
“I would have held your hand
back there, but I didn’t think they
would have liked that,” I said to my
boyfriend, grabbing his hand as I
looked behind us.
It was our third date. We had
just passed a group of inebriated bar-crawlers – loud and rowdy
ones, at that – on a dim street in
Sandusky’s marina district
As a pair of average young men,
we thought we could avoid conflict
by swiftly separating our hands,
even though this wasn’t the first
time we had found ourselves in an
uncomfortable public situation and
we knew solutions weren’t always
that simple.
Despite showing no signs of being a prospective couple, we were
already the targets of stern glances
and strange eyebrows scrunches
during our first date at a bowling
alley. I would argue that our fellow
bowlers were marveling at our horrendous performances in the sport
– my average score is 82 on a good
day – but we were subjects of great
interest before we could finish tying the laces of our fashion-forward
sneakers.
Mind you, we gays can’t even be
in a commercial for chicken noodle soup without outrage, let alone
go on a date in the presence of the
blessed children of America, so I’m
not surprised. I’m not used to the
stares and faces, though; after all, I
am in a pretty comfortable position
of privilege. I’m young, I’m white,
I’m able-bodied, and as long as nobody opens my phone’s music app,
where a whole repertoire of gay deities resides, I’m straight-passing.
These dates were some of my first
times being thrown into the position of a minority publicly, and as
demeaning as they were, they were
eye-opening experiences.
In the wake of marriage equality,
some people – even some within the
LGBT+ community – think this is
where we can drop the ball; that this
is as good as it can, and should, get
for us, when that simply isn’t true.
A certain viewpoint has become
more prevalent recently to give the
guise that homosexuality is much
more accepted lifestyle than it actually is: “I have nothing against gay
people; I just don’t want to see it.”
I just don’t want to see it, as if
it’s some sort of ASPCA commercial or Will Ferrell movie that can
be turned on and off. This sort of
conditional acceptance (“I support
them, but…”) is just a delicate way
of saying something along the lines
of, “You can be gay; just don’t be
flamboyant around me so I don’t
have to admit that I’m uncomfortable. This way, I can continue to
hold onto the illusion of being an
understanding person in a perfectly
heterosexual world.”
These same people often offer the
rebuttal that “not everybody is out
to get us” to us gay couples (and
most other minorities, for that matter) when we share our thoughts and
experiences. At first thought, I agree
Bryant: Retired but never forgotten
continued from page 5
There are only a few players in
the NBA who have ever lead their
team to five or more NBA Finals
appearances. Bryant has led the Los
Angeles Lakers to seven appearances. While going to the Finals seven
times, he has managed to win five
championships and two Finals MVP
Awards. His second loss in the NBA
Finals came to the hands of the Boston Celtics in 2008, where he won
the NBA MVP Award. He would
get his revenge in his seventh and
final appearance in the NBA Finals,
when the Lakers defeated the Celtics in a seven-game series 4-3.
According to the basketball reference of stats, during the 20 years
that Bryant has been in the league,
he has managed to average 25.1
points per game, 4.7 assist and 5.3
rebounds per game, and 45 percent
shooting from the field. In the post
season Bryant averages 25.7 points
per game while having 4.7 assist
and 5.1 rebounds per game.
When I was 14 years old, I attended the Lakers vs. Sonics game in
January 2008, and I saw how determined he was to win, with the Lakers center Andrew Bynum missing
the game due to a knee injury. The
Lakers were able to force overtime
and Bryant hit the game-winner
with two seconds left on Sonics forward Kevin Durant, and that’s what
made me fall in love with Kobe
Bryant. His perseverance, determination, and will to win is what gave
me hope to always keep pushing no
matter what obstacles I face. He has
always succeeded at the highest level no matter what he was up against,
and that is the heart of a champion,
someone that never gives up.
HELP WANTED FOR FALL 2016 SEMESTER
The Tystenac needs news and feature writers, sports reporters, videographers, photographers, and more for the fall 2016 semester. For more
information, contact Nick Buchanan, editor, at [email protected]
or Dr. Colleen Vallo, adviser, at [email protected].
with that, because it’s true: there are
some good people out there.
I must go deeper into the analysis
of the argument, though.
Do people realize that the statement accepts that there are people
who are “out to get us” and implies
that we should be content with that?
It’s a statement that tries to both acknowledge and refute the existence
of inequality – often provided by
individuals who wear veils of being
allies to the community.
As minorities, our sexual orientation and gender identity do not define us. That does not mean, however, that we can ignore that those
things are the integral parts of our
identities or be content with the fact
that “not everybody is out to get
us.” We cannot try to go unnoticed,
camouflaged into the rest of society;
gays and lesbians tried that before,
and how did it work for us?
Not well. Closeted men of the
early to mid-twentieth century retreated to public bathrooms and
parks for intimacy, giving birth to
now-outdated stereotypes that are
still used against us. Openly gay
men, meanwhile, had to plan their
entire lives around being gay because there were so few of them
who were willing to make such a
declaration. Coming out meant becoming an outcast; openly gay men
couldn’t get any jobs worth bragging about, were murdered without
murmur from the press, and weren’t
considered members of society.
Without much thought to how
privileged we are compared to just
30 years ago, many LGBT+ individuals are ready to move on in the
wake of marriage equality, arguing
that they don’t want their lives to
revolve around their sexuality and
that they want to seamlessly blend
into society. But how can we when
our fight isn’t over? The Supreme
Court’s decision on June 26, 2015
did no more than legally validate
our partnerships in these United
States – it didn’t guarantee us absolute equality or representation.
Gay and lesbian partnerships were
deemed equal to heterosexual ones,
but my boyfriend and I can’t go to
the bowling alley without a reaction. If we can’t show signs of even
being interested in someone of the
same sex despite the legal validity
of our partnerships, then how are
gay and lesbian couples equal to
their heterosexual counterparts?
Our history is wiped from curriculum and textbooks, and basic
sexual education courses don’t acknowledge us; moreover, laws prohibit the inclusion of LGBT+ topics in public education curriculum
in eight states. Here in Ohio, my
American history books ignored
noteworthy events like Stonewall
and the outbreak of AIDS, and my
health classes assumed that all sexual intercourse was penile-vaginal.
Most of my expertise on gay history
came from documentaries uploaded
to YouTube, and most of my sexual
education from online resources. If
we’re overlooked in the classroom,
how are gay students equal?
continued on page 7
Ida B. Wells left her mark
continued from page 3
Women in 1896 and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She then cut ties with the NAACP because she felt it had
lacked action-based initiatives, according to Bio.com.
She settled in Chicago, IL and married attorney and newspaper editor Ferdinand L. Barnett in 1895. She continued to fight for justice,
including working for the National Equal Rights League. Wells called
on “President Woodrow Wilson to put an end to discriminatory hiring
practices for government jobs” according to Bio.com.
Wells fought the fight for women and African American equality until
her death from kidney disease on March 25, 1931. The legacy Wells
created for herself will always be remembered by the speeches and
her writings. She stood up for what she believed in and always helped
those around her. Wells once said, “I felt that one had better die fighting against injustice than to die like a dog or a rat in a trap.”
From The Tystenac archives
The Tystenac student newspaper in 1973 was awarded a superior rating in appearance and photography in a national competition sponsored by the Associated Press at the University of Minnesota’s School
of Journalism.
More than 3,200 college publications, including newspapers, yearbooks and magazines were evaluated with the purpose of encouraging
the improvement of student publications through constructive criticism. According to the April 5, 1973 issue of The Tystenac, the newspaper received a total of 2,890 points out of a possible 3,200 points,
which resulted in being awarded a special “mark of distinction.”
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 7
Remembering the Hotel Berlin Gay revolution far from over
continued from page 1
This law made it easier to detect brothels – police could make a raid
on this basis of general consensus that the building was disreputable –
and rack up even more fines against their owners. The Hotel Berlin, of
course, fell victim to the Winn Law; as reported in Drinkers & Winkers,
it racked up $5,950 worth of fines from 12 separate violations of the
law – the equivalent to over $142,000 today – when detective John
Norris and informant Irving Searles crusaded through town to report
violations. All charges were dropped after it was discovered that Norris
and Searles had done their sweep of the town’s brothels in the hope of
benefiting financially because informants received one-third of the fine
amount.
While Drinkers & Winkers claims that Nisonger’s 30 years in Tiffin
were checkered with arrests for re-opening the Hotel Berlin time and
time again, Tiffin judges were lenient with her. An untitled, undated
newspaper clipping in the Seneca County Historical Museum’s prostitution file lists a $20 fine to Mattie Ross (an assumed professional
name, given her career) – a small slap on the wrist after pleading guilty
to operating a house of ill-fame. Four girls and four guests were also
found in the house and charged $10 each.
Another newspaper clipping from the museum file, also untitled but
dated July 30, 1904, states that upon a police search of the hotel, “Martha J. Nighsonger [sic], better known as Ross, was arrested and fined
$10 and costs for keeping the house. Women giving the names Pearl
Downing, Orpha Smith and Hazel Wayne were found here. They were
each fined $5 and costs. All were released upon giving security.”
While some hid under the guise of the namesake “hotel,” brothels
were not above the patronage of locals, as police raids attest: two men
found at the Hotel Berlin during the search claimed to have been from
out of town and told to stay at the hotel, but “further examination …
revealed the fact that the two worked in this city at the glass house formerly and had lived here about eight years.”
The article chronicles the searches of multiple houses and the judges’
orders for the operators of each brothel to close down and leave town
to avoid further fines and jail time at the Toledo workhouse – that is,
with the strange exception of three: Cora O’Dowd, Nelle Williams, and
the unstoppable Mattie Nisonger. Why? No one is quite sure. Drinkers
& Winkers ponders whether it was because the three women operated
“higher-class and respectable houses” or because “local officers were
on more friendly terms with her.”
Despite all the legal trouble it caused her, Nisonger stayed with her
place of business until the very end: the headline of the April 10, 1922
issue of the Tiffin Daily Tribune read that she was “claimed by death”
at her beloved Hotel Berlin the day before. She was 76. Her daughter,
Martha Dora, who had married and moved to Mansfield, Ohio by this
time, claimed possession of the property after her death. A handwritten
recollect of the property’s chain of title in the Seneca County Historical
Museum’s prostitution file states that she sold it in April 1926.
Though no photographs of Nisonger herself exist, the Hotel Berlin
still stands less than half a mile from Tiffin University’s campus as her
ringing testament to the city. An uneducated eye would mistake it as
another nondescript brick building on the corner of two unkempt streets
near Fort Ball Pizza Palace and Viaduct Bar and Grill.
The Seneca County Auditor’s Office lists Larry Breidenbach as the
current private owner of the building, who announced plans to remodel
it into usable business space in an Advertiser-Tribune article published
on Dec. 5, 2011. A peek through the windows reveals a worn interior
filled with furniture; stuffed animals greet passersby from the windowsills – leaving few clear signs of what once was.
The structure is a still a window into history, though; the Hotel Berlin was the most infamous of the 20-plus houses of ill-repute in Tiffin
that operated at the turn of the twentieth century, and Mattie, the most
notorious of the madams, according to Drinkers & Winkers. I bet the
students attending TU in those days didn’t complain about having nothing to do in town.
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Marriage equality isn’t complete equality
continued from page 6
Indiana’s Religious Freedom Restoration Act debacle of 2015 and a
similar law that was signed recently in Mississippi have opened the
door for legalized discrimination,
allowing refusal to serve LGBT+
customers on the basis of religious
beliefs. If we can be considered nuisances to business owners’ beliefs,
how are gay consumers equal?
The Human Rights Campaign
(HRC) lists 19 states that still allow
denial or termination of employment based on sexual orientation;
three more, including Ohio, ban
such discrimination only in public
positions. While most large corporations enforce private policies
against LGBT+ discrimination, the
avenue is still there and has been
taken before; let’s remind ourselves
of Cracker Barrel’s former policy
that ended the employment of anybody who didn’t display “normal
heterosexual values” or the Salvation Army’s uncovered internal policy that dictates that officers of the
organization may not officiate or
attend a same-sex wedding in uniform without facing termination. If
we can be fired based on our sexuality, how are gay employees equal?
The HRC also recognizes 20
states that exclude sexual orientation from their definitions of hate
crimes, although almost one-fifth
the single-bias hate crimes reported
in the United States in 2014 were
based on sexual orientation, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation,. If we’re still a sizeable,
and apparently ignored, category in
a chart of hate crime victims, how
are gay Americans equal?
Even worse, gays and lesbians
are being jailed or killed – legally
and by their government – for their
sexuality. A 2015 report compiled
by The International Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex Association states that gay sexual acts
are illegal in over 70 countries and
that homosexuality is punishable by
death in some African and Middle
Eastern countries, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Iraq, Iran, Sudan, Nigeria, and Somalia. If we can be killed for being
who we are, how are gays equal?
The fact of the matter is that we’re
still being ignored, devalued, fired,
beaten, and killed for our sexuality.
These aren’t even all of our problems – the Human Rights Campaign
acknowledges inequalities in housing laws, anti-bullying policies, and
nondiscrimination legislation for
lesbian, gay, and bisexual Americans; transgender individuals have
an even longer road ahead in their
own fight for equality.
We’re still social anomalies.
We’re just social anomalies who
can get married in the United States
now; therefore, this revolution is far
from over. Onward the fight must
continue – and those who commit
their lives to their sexuality have
the track record of getting things
done. Take a look at the Stonewall
riots, or more importantly, the AIDS
panic of the 1980s: the people who
sparked the gay revolution were the
ones who demanded to be heard.
If it weren’t for those pioneers, we
would still be in the shadows. The
murders of gay men would still bear
the same significance as the death
of a dog in the eyes of the media.
The government would still feign
a deaf ear as AIDS ravaged the gay
male population. Bathhouses and
parks would still be our bedrooms.
Today, in a nation of substantial
advantage for our community, we
must grab the baton from our predecessors – and luckily, the tallest
hurdles have already been jumped
for us. At the very least, we must
elicit and embrace those stares in
everyday life to better blend into
the social landscape without forfeiting what makes us unique. The
more we are seen, the less foreign
we seem. It is our responsibility to
demand and create not only equality, but also everyday normalization
through visibility.
Equality is change in law. Normalization is change in overall
mentality.
In the United States, we’ve
reached a level of equality – but
that’s one battle in the war we have
yet to win. We’re obligated to continue our own elevation and bridge
the gap between equality and normalization; those who came before us worked too hard for us to
stop here when our roles are comparatively less straining. While it
won’t happen overnight, achieving
normalization is obtainable in the
long-term if we just remain visible.
That’s it; that’s all we need to do to
carry this onward.
Rainbow flags and HRC bumper
stickers are great, but they’re byproducts of what is really keeping
this revolution in motion: people
who are seen and heard on a daily basis simply by holding great
confidence in their beliefs and living their lives unabashed of their
own individuality. Whether you’re
gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, a straight ally, or anything in
between, challenge yourself to be
one of those people. After spending
days, if not weeks, pondering all of
this, I know I’m going to.
Editor’s note: This article has
been abridged. To read it in full,
visit tutystenac.com/perspective/.
THE TYSTENAC, APRIL 18, 2016, PAGE 8
Student-made musical steals reviewer’s heart
by JESSICA HOLLAN
Staff writer
The script. The blocking. The
actors. The singing. The costumes.
Now I knew what I was walking
into; I had spent collectively a near
10 hours in rehearsals for Prodigal
Hearts. I knew the lines. I could sing
along to every song. At this point, I
was probably such a groupie that I
thought nothing could surprise me.
Boy, was I wrong.
Walking into a packed house, I was
filled with immense pride for all the
actors that I had come to know so
well. I found a seat and fumbled
around for my phone, joyfully holding it up so that I could get pictures
of the performance. So when Rachel Chiles walked out in her Ace
of Spades costume, I was so surprised I nearly dropped my phone
(again). I didn’t recognize her. I had
spent countless hours watching her
rehearse, getting to know her. But
when she walked out on stage, she
was not Rachel. She was the Ace of
Spades.
The attention to detail that all the
actors put into their costumes was
remarkable. I knew they were dressing nice, but I thought, Hey, this is
just a run through – nothing elaborate. But the thought behind the
Student actors helped Ian Holbrook’s vision come to life.
photo by JESSICA HOLLAN
costumes was incredible. Brandon
Utley’s Alex McKinney was in blue
(the color scheme of Alice from
Wonderland), and Heather Traska
donned the stage in green and black
leather, looking very much the part
of a character based off the Wicked
Witch from Oz.
And had that simply been the most
they had put into the performance,
I would have still been very much
impressed with the entire production for the thought process behind
the scenes. But it wasn’t. I praise the
blocking (although minimal, it was
streamlined in a clean fashion that
both elated and amused the audi-
ence) and the facial expressions all
the actors conveyed. I was especially impressed with Julius Eckroth’s
Chess, the Cheshire Cat. In all my
time in rehearsals, I had never seen
such a beautiful display of emotions; however, this performance
was full of it, and it was lovely.
Utley and Dillon Mikan gave stunningly enthusiastic performances
at a level I was not expecting of a
read-through script debut.
That is all well and done, but
Prodigal Hearts is first and foremost a musical, which brings us
to the singing. Talent. Sheer and
utter talent. Act II was dominated
by a heart wrenchingly emotional
duet between leads Utley and Ian
Holbrook. Heather Traska stopped
hearts with her dramatic solo and
Rachel Chiles dominated the audience with her rap, “Bow or Die.”
My favorite song came in a form
of comedic relief Maddie Hatter
(played by Liv Woods) and Chess
(Eckroth) in their quirky duet about
breaking out of prison. The entire
performance closed on the White
Rabbit’s (Tabitha Miner) hauntingly gorgeous voice, luring Alex back
into modern society.
Of course, none of this would
even be possible if not for the mind
of Holbrook. From the first moment
I read the script (albeit before I
should have; there is a certain level
of advantage to being friends with
the cast), I knew I loved it. After
seeing it performed, I loved it even
more. The entire performance was
absolutely wonderful.
After the finale, I congratulated
Holbrook on a spectacular performance and he told me he is looking
to clean up the script one last time
before (hopefully) performing it on
an actual stage next year. And you
better believe I will be sitting front
and center for that performance,
too.
TU professor completes first performance for university audience
by ANDRE DREW
Staff writer
Tiffin University music professor,
Jeanette Berry, and her band, The
Soul Nerds, performed for the first
time in Tiffin since Berry’s arrival
in fall 2015.
Osceola Theater was packed with
students and some faculty members
who came out and supported the
band for its Jan. 22 performance.
The band’s sound can be described
as rhythm and jazz soul, although
the band mixes and blends genres.
Formed in 2008 by Berry and Ian
Rafalak, both graduates of the University of the Arts, the Soul Nerds
features Berry as the lead vocalist
and a collective of musicians.
By 2010 the band had released
its first extended play, Peace, Love
and Music, with the song “Love
Stomped,” featured on the VH1 series Single Ladies.
Following its release and success, Berry landed a gig as a background vocalist for Grammy Award
winning singer-songwriter Lauryn
Hill. Berry toured with Hill for two
years while preparing for the Soul
Nerds’ debut album, Allegiance to
Love. Recorded in 2013 it featured
all original songs written by Berry with arrangements by the Soul
Nerds. The group has since toured
to promote the album, released last
August. Berry wanted her debut
performance at TU to be special and
welcoming for the students.
When talking about who she
would like to collaborate with in the
future, Berry said that after being at
TU and meeting the many songwriters invited to campus, Sidewalk
Chalk is her first choice. The Chicago-based band that has performed
on campus a few times. She would
also love to tour with Corrine Bailey Rae, play with Grace Potter
and the Nocturnals and have Stevie
Wonder listen to her music because
he is her biggest influence.
If she could select anyone to produce her next album she would enlist Pharrell, Missy (Elliott), and
D’Angelo.
Berry recently received her master’s degree in humanities from TU.
She was “deeply impacted” by the
program’s transmedia storytelling class. “[While] studying that I
wrote a screenplay, and I wrote a
transmedia plan. It’s about creating
this universe and telling different
parts of the story through different
media,” she said.
Transmedia storytelling is the
technique of telling a single story
or story experience across multiple
Jeanette Berry is the frontwoman of Jeanette Berry and the Soul Nerds.
photo by DYLAN DISHAW
platforms and formats using current
digital technologies.
She wants to use her debut album,
Allegiance to Love, “as background
for different vignettes and music
videos.”
Berry and her brother are in the
planning stages of developing a
nonprofit organization to be called
We Are Soul Nerds. “We did this
when I was back home. What we
want to do is have a production
company and an education company where we can produce independent works and curate stuff and involves the Soul Nerds.”
When asked about the advice she
would give to hopeful artists, she
said: “Work on your craft [and] be
as great as you can be at whatever it
is you’re doing. If you want to be a
singer, make sure you know how to
sing well [or] you know your instrument. Put yourself out there and not
expect anything at the beginning.
Don’t expect to play the big venue
in town when you haven’t been out
of the practice room, building relationships and community. Have
thick skin and be confident because
you have to sell yourself.”
Follow Berry on Facebook and
YouTube at Jeanette Berry and the
Soul Nerds; Instagram, Twitter and
Periscope at JB_Soulnerd. Visit the
band’s website at Soulnerds.com.