FUT MAG inner corrected - Federal University of Technology, Minna

Transcription

RESEARCH POLICY
AND
STRATEGY
3
Research Policy And Strategy
Foreword
T
he paradigm shift from physical properties economy to knowledgebased economy has made research imperative to societal
development. This is because jobs and wealth are presently mainly
being created from commercialization of tangible and intangible research
products. It invariably implies that for Nigeria to shift from her sole dependence
on oil which price has rocked bottom low by approximately 50% decrease
recently and is increasingly impoverishing the populace, and improve her
revenue base in other critical sectors of the economy, her research
machineries; universities and research institutions must be vibrant in this
statutory function of theirs. Federal University of Technology, Minna must
therefore invigorate her research activities along global trend to meet the
desperate growing demand of our country for jobs and wealth. To achieve this,
the defunct University Board of Research (UBR) drafted a research policy and
strategy document for Federal University of Technology, Minna which was
considered and approved by Management and Senate of the University in
2014.
The draft document comprises of four parts; introduction/background,
research policy, research strategy, and administrative framework for
implementation of the policy and strategy. The introduction/background
aspect chronicles the history, activities, achievements and challenges of the
UBR from inception in 1994 to date. The research policy and strategy sections
provide policy framework and practical approaches towards making research
a priority in our institution with a view to attracting high profile external
research grants, conducting cross cutting edge research, patenting and
commercializing research output for jobs and wealth creation. The concluding
section presents the administrative framework for the effective implementation
of the policy document.
4
In order to effectively implement the policy and strategy, the University Senate at its
392nd meeting on the 28th January, 2015 approved the expansion and change of
name of UBR to the Directorate of Research Innovation and Development (DRID).
The current structure will provide the much needed enabling environment for
research capacity development, patenting of intellectual properties and utilization
of research outputs to provide goods and services for national development.
Being the very first research policy and strategy document of the Federal University
of Technology, Minna, it is not expected to be sacrosanct because it will continue to
undergo amendments along with changes in the global perspective of research.
The document will also be continually reviewed in line with local, national and
international research needs, practices and policy statements. However, in the
meantime, I dutifully present the Research Policy and Strategy document to
provide guidance with regards to research conducted by staff and students of the
Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Professor Musbau Adewumi AKANJI
Vice Chancellor
5
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
4
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA VISION & MISSION
10
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
12
The Strategies of the Defunct University Board of Research Funding
12
Administration/Processing of Research Grants
12
1.
SCHOOL BOARD OF RESEARCH SUB-COMMITTEES
12
2.
RESEARCH PROJECT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE
13
3.
APPLICATION AND APPROVAL OF RESEARCH GRANTS
13
Major Achievements of the Defunct University Board of research
1.
Disbursement of Research Grants:
14
2.
Training
14
3.
Participation in Research Fairs and Competition
14
4.
Syndicate Groups
15
5.
Research Professional Africa Platform
15
6.
Intellectual Property Right Policy
15
7.
Improvement in Access of Research Funds
16
Challenges
16
Research and development
16
Basic research
16
Strategic research
17
Applied research
17
1.
Excess workload
2.
Inadequate Infrastructural Facilities
17
3.
Lack of Adequate Research Support System
17
a.
Research Information
18
b.
Poor Research Proposal Writing Skills
18
c.
Absence of other Pre and Post Award Support System
18
d.
Lack of Effective Monitoring and Evaluation of
Implementation of Research Project
e.
Patent and Commercialization of Intellectual Properties
Over-dependence on Internal Research Grants
6
14
17
19
19
19
Conclusion of Introduction
20
Past Chairmen of the Board
20
DIRECTORATE FOR RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (DRID)
22
Philosophy
22
Vision
22
Mission
22
Membership of the Board of DRID
22
Terms of Reference
23
1.0
25
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE RESEARCH POLICY AND STRATEGY
1.1
2.0
3.0
4.0
The aim of this policy
26
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH POLICY
28
2.1
28
The objectives of the policy
RESEARCH POLICY
30
3.1
Research Funding Requirements
30
3.2
Conditions for Acceptance of Research Grant
31
3.3
Disbursement of Internal Grant
31
3.4
Administration of Research Grants
31
3.5
Administrative Charges
32
3.6
Financial Operation and Accounting of Research Grants
32
3.7
Project Reporting
32
3.8
Professional and Ethical Issues
33
3.9
Employment Matters
33
3.10
Ownership of Equipment and Material Acquired from Grants
33
3.11
Acknowledgement of Source of Grant
33
3.12
Dissemination of Research Information
34
3.13
Invention/Innovation
34
RESEARCH STRATEGY
36
4.1
Strategic Research Goals
36
4.2
Activities required to realize the strategic goals
36
4.3
Enhance the institutional research profile
37
4.4
Increase external funding for research
38
4.5
Support community and national, and industry-specific
research and development policies and strategies
4.6
39
Improve the impact and international recognition of FUT,
7
Minna research
4.7
39
Exploit FUT Minna's intellectual property for wealth
acquisition and development
5.0
CUSTODIAN OF THE RESEARCH POLICY AND STRATEGY
6.0
ADMINISTRATIVE MODALITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE
40
42
STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN
44
6.1
Research Funding Areas
44
6.2
Sourcing for Research Funds
44
6.3
Proposed Administrative Structure of the Directorate for
Research, Innovation and Development (DRID)
44
a.
Units of the DRID
45
b.
Research Information Dissemination
46
c.
Research Funding
46
d.
Monitoring and Evaluation
47
e.
Postgraduate Support
47
f.
Statistics
48
g.
Finance (Budgets and Projects)
48
h.
Invention/Innovation Unit
49
i.
Research Policy and Strategy Evaluation and
Monitoring Unit
6.4
49
Current Administrative Structure of the Directorate for
Research, Innovation and Development (DRID)
49
Figure 3. Organogram of Administrative structure of the
Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development (DRID)
Bibliography
8
50
52
RESEARCH
POLICY AND STRATEGY
9
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
MINNA
VISION AND MISSION
Vision
The University strives to become a world class and
Nigeria's leading University recognized for its excellence in
capacity building and service delivery.
Mission
Federal University of Technology, Minna is a specialized
University committed to the training of skilled and
innovative work-force that would harness the forces of
nature to transform Nigeria's natural resources into goods
and services to positively affect the economy and thus the
quality of life of her people.
Motto
Technology for Empowerment
10
RESEARCH POLICY
AND
STRATEGY
11
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
In realization of the imperativeness of research in understanding the world, prolongation
of human and animal lives and inventions of conveniences such as cell phones, internet
facilities, and aeroplanes towards facilitating and accelerating economic development
and societal well-being, the defunct University Board of Research (UBR) was established
in 1994 as a statutory body of the university under the office of the Vice Chancellor with
the mandate to among others, coordinate and regulate research work, ensure that
research fund allocated are used for the purpose it is intended; and make appropriate
recommendations to Management accordingly.
The Strategies of the Defunct University Board of Research Funding
The Board's main source of funding was the 5% statutory allocation of University budget
to research. However, some researchers have accessed funds from external sources. For
instance Unipetrol PLC sponsored the production of Typhoid fever vaccine while the
Science Technology Education Post-Basic programme of the Federal Government of
Nigeria has been a major source of funds for researches in GIBEX and Biotechnology
Centre of Excellence. The Bursary was and is still the custodian of the Board's funds and
handles all financial dealings of UBR.
Administration/Processing of Research Grants
The Board had five staff namely the Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Secretary, Computer
operator and an office assistant and three office accommodations to conduct its affairs.
In addition to this, UBR had two main sub-committees for its operational needs which are
as follows:
1. SCHOOL BOARD OF RESEARCH SUB-COMMITTEES
Each school has a sub-committee of the UBR whose membership comprises the
Dean, a member from each department and representative of the University
librarian while the school Secretary is in attendance. The sub-committee receives
and considers applications for research awards from staff of the School and
recommend applications for award of research grants to UBR using guidelines
set by the Board. It also deals with any matter that may be referred to it by the UBR
and or the Vice Chancellor.
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2. RESEARCH PROJECT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE
This committee was constituted in June, 2007 and inaugurated in November,
2007 with the mandate to help monitor approved projects and the utilization of
released fund of such projects by beneficiaries and to advise the Board
appropriately on the beneficiaries such that future allocations will be adequately
guided. The committee also ensures that the research of the institution is
protected and projected at appropriate times as well as sustain the culture of
research in the University. Since the membership of the committee cuts across all
the schools, it vets all research proposals emanating from the schools and
consequently advises the Board on the worthiness of the proposals for award of
grants.
The members of the committee were:
Prof. M.G.M Kolo
Prof. E.E. Udensi
Dr Emmanuel Ogbadoyi
Dr. J.J. Dukiya
Dr. M. Dalil
Dr. A. Saka
Dr. A.M Aibinu
Mr. M.K. Ndayako
SAAT
SNAS (Senate Representative)
(SNAS)
SEMT
SET
SEET
ICT
UBR
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Secretary
3. APPLICATION AND APPROVAL OF RESEARCH GRANTS
Research proposals from staff must be duly endorsed by Head of department
and submitted to the UBR following scrutiny and recommendation by the
appropriate School Board Research Committee and Dean of School
respectively. On receipt of proposals by the Board, they are sent for assessment to
the Research Project Evaluation Committee. The Board approves and
recommends successful applications to the Vice Chancellor for award of grants.
Following approval by the Head of Institution, 50% of the approved amount is
released to the beneficiaries through the Bursary. The remaining balance is paid
after the Research Project Appraisal Committee considers and approves
progress report and retirement of the initial 50% of the grant submitted by the
beneficiaries.
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Major Achievements of the Defunct University Board of research
1. Disbursement of Research Grants:
Since the inception of UBR in 1994 to date, the University had disbursed internal
research grants to researchers. Between 2007 and 2012, forty research projects
were funded by the UBR to the tune of Eighteen Million, Eight Hundred and
Seventy Eight Thousand, Six Hundred and Eighty Seven Naira (N18, 878, 687).
2. Training:
The University Authority has sponsored the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and
some other University staff to conferences and workshops on research
management which have greatly improved the managerial capacity of the UBR
staff on research. Some of the recent conferences include the European Union
grants, policy, European markets and funds workshops (2011), International
conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology at Lagos (2011), West
African Research and Innovation Management Association (WARIMA)
conferences and workshops within and outside Nigeria (2006-2014) and
International workshop on European Project Funding and Management (2012),
and International Sensitization Workshop on Intellectual Properties (2014)
3. Participation in Research Fairs and Competition:
The University has participated in three (2004, 2010 and 2012) of the five Nigerian
Universities and Research Development Fair (NURESDEF) organized in the
th
country and the 9 Niger State Trade Fair. The participation of FUT, Minna in the
biannual NURESDEF events yielded enormous gains. The Typhoid Fever Vaccine
won the certificate of excellence at the 2004 National Universities Research and
Development Fair (NURESDEF). Consequently, the University administration has
upgraded the project to a centre of excellence. One of such gains is the national
attention presently enjoyed by FUT Minna researches. Biodiesel production from
algae which was a project exhibited at the 2010 NURESDEF in Nsukka has
caught the attention of NTA and has been aired severally under the programme,
YOUNG INVENTORS. Similarly, the experimental board for teaching science
subjects in secondary schools which was exhibited at the 9th Niger State Trade
Fair and the last two NURESDEF, has also caught the desired attention of some
States Education Ministries who have made contacts with the inventors.
th
Our institution hosted the 5 edition of NURESDEF in 2012 and emerged the
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overall best University in research and development. The institution also won the
first prizes in Agriculture and Science and Technology while coming second in
Life Sciences/Medicine research and development. The success of FUT, Minna
th
at the 5 NURESDEF made her the institution of choice by the Nigeria Air Force
for research collaboration. A Memoranda of Understanding has been signed by
the institution and the Nigeria Air Force.
4. Syndicate Groups:
In order to improve collaborative research culture in the University seven
syndicate research groups were formed with the aims of generating vibrant
research proposal for internal and external funding (particularly access the
TETFUND), conduct collaborative and multidisciplinary research, access global
research funds and mentor and nurture ideas towards success. The groups were
formed in the following pertinent science and technology based areas of
specialization:
a. Energy
b. Biotechnology/Genetic Engineering
c. Environmental
d. Space
e. ICT
f. Human Capacity Building
g. Food Security
5. Research Professional Africa Platform:
On the advice of our participants at WARIMA conference held in Sierra Leone in
2011, the University subscribed to a South African based research information
internet platform, Research Professional Africa. The platform is an essential
online resource for researchers, research and innovation managers,
development officers and policy makers in Africa, with authoritative and
appropriately highlighted information of over 5,000 research funding
opportunities to enable research for development in Africa.
6. Intellectual Property Right Policy:
Similarly, on the advice of our participants at WARIMA conference, the University
authority under the office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Administration in
conjunction with UBR and the University Legal Unit, is putting an Intellectual
15
Property Rights Policy (IPP) for the institution. When in place, the IPP will
facilitate speedy patenting of our numerous research products via National
Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP). It is important to note
that without such policy in place, many inventors will be wary of exhibiting and
commercializing their products with consequential detriment on national
development.
7. Improvement in Access of Research Funds:
Between 2009 and 2012, only 40 (35.4%) out of 113 UBR research grant
applications were successful. However, with increase in awareness of UBR
grants and successive seminars and workshop on research proposal writing, at
the last count, 22 out of 31 UBR grant applications were successful in the first
quarter of 2013 and many of which have been found worthy for national grants
were processed for funding by external research funding agencies particularly
the TETFUND. As at March, 2015, twenty nine research teams of the University
won the TETFUND Institution Based Research Intervention (IBRI) while two
research groups won the National Research Fund (NRF) amounting to about
sixty million Naira (N60, 000, 000)
Challenges
A vibrant research culture along global trend is characterized by researchers having
adequate information on research funding opportunities, are able to access highly
competitive research funds, to use acquired research grants to develop sophisticated
laboratories and high skilled manpower with outputs that are published in high impact
journals and are usually patented for commercialization. An institution with good
research culture generates wealth with consequent development of its immediate
community and country as a whole. The following research types are normally carried
out in such University:
Research and development is research conducted to increase the body of knowledge
and employ such knowledge to invent new applications. The areas of research include
studies of humanity, culture and society.
Basic research is experimental or theoretical research carried out to generate new
knowledge of underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any
particular application or use in view”. The results of basic research are not usually sold but
16
published in scientific journals or circulated to interested colleagues.
Strategic research (also known as oriented research) is intended to produce a wide range of
knowledge which will form the background to the solution of recognised or expected
current or future problems or offer possibilities for solving them”.
Applied research is original research targeted at producing new knowledge with a
specific practical aim or objective. The findings of such investigations which are intended
primarily to be valid for a single or limited number of products, operations, methods or
systems are often patented but may also be kept secret particularly if they are defence or
espionage related products.
In view of the above description of an academic institution alive to its research
responsibilities to a third world country in this case Nigeria that aspires to belong to the
global communities of developed countries, it is obvious that our University is far from
attaining world research standards. It is also observable that entrenching a vibrant
research culture in the institution for enhancing development is not without enormous
challenges. The following are amongst the major problems militating against the
establishment of a proactive research tradition in our University:
1. Excess workload:
The heavy teaching burden of academic staff which is on the average over a
hundred students per course for at least three courses, and up to over a thousand
students per course is debilitating for conducive research. This is in addition to
administrative responsibilities. It is pertinent to mention here that the
administrative support system for the teaching/research staff in the institution is
grossly inadequate.
2. Inadequate Infrastructural Facilities:
Absence of electronic library, inadequate laboratory facilities, epileptic internet
services and insufficient staff training on research proposal writing and project
management are observable challenges.
3. Lack of Adequate Research Support System:
The University Board of Research did not possess the complete requisite units to
support researchers from pre award stage to patenting and commercialisation of
research products as enumerated in the following paragraphs:
17
a.
Research Information:
Until recently, the institution had no platform for sourcing of research
funds opportunities. However, the Research Professional Africa (RPA)
Platform which is expected to fill this gap has not been adequately utilized
by staff for reasons such as extra workload, epileptic internet connectivity
and lack of dedicated administrators that will source information from the
platform and distribute to relevant researchers. Additionally, there is no
data base for external grants won by University staff in UBR and this is
important because information on successfully executed external
research projects are assurance of the institution's competence and
prudence in management of grants and therefore prerequisite for
winning other grants.
b. Poor Research Proposal Writing Skills:
Research proposals submitted for UBR normally fall short of the Board's
standards because they are poorly written. Most of our staff are not skilled
in writing award winning proposals. This is a major factor accounting for
the very low accessibility of external grants by our researchers. Hence the
need for regular workshops and seminar on research proposal writing. It
is also important to include the aspect of writing research proposal in our
curriculum at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
c. Absence of other Pre and Post Award Support System:
Well-articulated budget and evidence of a good financial base for
research management are imperative for winning and effective utilization
of competitive grants for wealth generation and development.
Consequently, only research management systems with sound statistics
unit that can propose appropriate statistical packages to decipher useful
information from research results can attract competitive grants. These
support units are yet to be in our institution's research office.
d. Lack of Effective Monitoring and Evaluation of Implementation of
Research Project:
The monitoring and evaluation process to ensure effective research fund
utilization is absent. There are no records of equipment and other
18
laboratory consumables handed over to relevant departments after
completion of projects. The global practice of reporting of completed
research work which should include clearance from the Monitoring and
Evaluation, and finance units is not obtainable in this institution.
Misappropriation of research funds is a major cause of barring individuals
or institutions from accessing world class research grants. Mechanisms to
ensure that information derived from funded researches are published in
high impact journals are not in place. It is worthy of note here that only
articles with wide readership can attract grants.
e. Patent and Commercialization of Intellectual Properties:
The complete absence of an intellectual property right policy (IPP) in the
institution and consequently support system for patenting and
commercialization of research outputs is a great hindrance to wealth
generation and development in the University. Also, because publication
is the major criteria for assessment of the academic staff and their
subsequent elevation to the professorial ranks, publications are virtually
the only output of researches conducted in Nigerian Universities. And this
is to the detriment of research for economic and developmental
purposes. So in line with the principles of intangible property economies,
commercialization of the projects that won prizes at the 5th NUREDEF;
experimental board, floating fish meal, multi-heating bread oven,
improved yam pounding machine, shea nut butter for preservation of
banana, okro bark sugar syrup clarifier for brown sugar production, etc. is
highly recommended as it would surely be a good start to generate
money for the University.
4. Over-dependence on Internal Research Grants:
Due to reasons mentioned above (a-e), there was over-reliance of University
researchers' on the limited UBR research fund to the total exclusion of
competition for the numerous research funding opportunities in the national and
international communities.
Conclusion of Introduction:
Research remains an important factor which facilitates and accelerates economic
development and societal well-being. This is particularly true with the paradigm shift
19
from physical properties economy to knowledge-based economies. Therefore, there is
the need to overcome the foregone challenges towards entrenching a vibrant research
culture in the institution which will improve the impact and international recognition of
FUT, Minna research with its attendant wealth generation and development. In doing so,
the following research policy and strategy was proposed and adopted by the University
Authority. The University Management and Senate on 28th January, 2015 also expanded
the defunct UBR to Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development (DRID)
Past Chairmen of the Board
The Chairmen of the Board from 1994 to date are as follows
1. Prof. Samuel .A. Garba
1994-1998
2. Prof. D.O. Adefolalu
1999-2004
3. Prof. O.O.A. Fasanya
2004-2007
4. Prof. Muhammed A.T. Sulieman
Nov 2007-Jan 2008
5. Prof. Dalhatu A. Muazu
March 2008- Jan, 2012
6. Prof. Edward A. Okosun
Jan 2012 to Jan, 2014
7. Prof. Hussaini A. Makun
Jan, 2014 to Date
20
DIRECTORATE FOR
RESEARCH, INNOVATION
AND DEVELOPMENT (DRID)
21
DIRECTORATE FOR
Philosophy
The philosophy of the Directorate is to ensure:
* That vibrant research activity is promoted within the
Institution
* The output of the researches conducted is utilized for the
improvement of its immediate and entire society at large
Vision
Having and ensuring a vibrant research-oriented system with
adequate funding globally within the University
Mission
The mission of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and
Development is to ensure coordinated research activities within the
University system and ensuring that due process is followed and
adhered to by all.
Membership
The membership of the Board of Directorate for Research,
Innovation and Development comprises of the following:
22
1.
Vice Chancellor's nominee-Director
2.
Deputy Director
3.
Two Senate members
4.
Deans of Schools
5.
Directors of Directorates and Centres
6.
Representative of Library
While attendance is:
a. Representative of the Registrar
b. Representative of the Bursar
c. Secretary of the Directorate.
Members of the Research Project Appraisal Committee (RPAC)
The members of RPAC of DRID is as presented in figure 1.
Chairman
Senate
SAAT
SEET
SEMT
SET
SLS
SICT
SSTE
PG
Figure 1. Membership of Research Project Appraisal Committee
Terms of Reference
THE DIRECTORATE'S TERMS OF REFERENCE ARE:
i.
To advise Senate on;
a. The priorities for and the coordination of research
work
b. The financial need of research work
c. The making of grants from the University Research
Fund
23
ii. To constitute sub-committee to process applications for
University research award, and to approve applications, and in
accordance with procedures approved by Senate and external
funding agenicies.
iii. To promote the development of research work by
a. Initiating University research projects for the solutions to
problems not being dealt with by existing organization
b. Encouraging and assisting the cooperative development
of multi-disciplinary research projects
c. Acting as link with outside scholars and bodies
d. To advise departments and members of staff on request
on the probable implications of research work of the
University's external relations.
e. To request and receive annual research reports or
summaries from all parts of the University and
distributing them to interested persons.
f.
To act as clearing house for information and problems of
works in progress
g. To submit reports when appropriate to Senate on the
works of sub-committees and summaries of research
reports
h. To patent and transform FUT, Minna research products
to goods and services for job and wealth creation
24
Chapter 1
25
1.0
JUSTIFICATION FOR
THE RESEARCH POLICY
AND STRATEGY
T
he strategic plan of Federal University of Technology, Minna assists the University to
promote scholarship and sound research and innovation. It is also designed to lead
to promotion of internationally competitive research as a core strategic goal towards
improved understanding of existing knowledge as well as the search for new knowledge for
national development. The plan also seeks to ensure that FUT, Minna becomes a World Class
University that would enhance Nigeria's competitiveness in a globally competitive
environment. This commitment to research is in accordance with the national imperative to
encourage production of high calibre graduates that are employable at national and
international circles. This research policy and strategy is also in line with the national
development plan which seeks to increase the number of researchers that can contribute to
knowledge production, add value to postgraduate studies and to increase the production of
high quality research outputs (such as research articles, books, book chapters, and
conference proceedings) and patented properties for commercialization with consequent
job and wealth generation in our society.
The aim of this policy is to:
i. present a policy framework for the management, support and development of
research at the Federal University of Technology, Minna, and
ii. provide approaches for accomplishing the research objectives.
The execution of the research policy is vested on the Vice Chancellor (through the Deputy
Vice-Chancellor: Research and Development, or any Deputy Vice Chancellor designated by
the VC) and the Director of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development. This
responsibility is implemented through the Board of the Directorate for Research, Innovation
and Development (DRID), which functions in accordance with the authority delegated to it by
Senate. DRID shall implement the strategy and exercising institutional-level responsibilities
and functions, while the schools and research centres take proprietorship of and manage
research operations.
26
Chapter 2
27
2.0
PURPOSE OF THE
RESEARCH POLICY
T
he policy outlines the guiding principles
regarding the management, suppor t and
development of research to all those involved in
research at the Federal University of Technology, Minna.
The policy is applicable to all contract and permanent
employees, as well as registered students of the
University.
The objectives of the policy are to:
1. provide a structure for effective management of
research and research development
2. make research a primacy in the University
3. provide high-level, effective and efficient support
for research
4. ensure the non-discriminatory dealing of all
researchers, staff and students with regards to
allocation of research funds and other kinds of
support for research
5. integrate support for postgraduate research into
the main University research system
6. explain roles and functions within the university
research system
7. provide framework and suppor t for rapid
patenting and commercialization of
inventions/innovations arising from resasrches in
the institution
28
Chapter 3
29
3.0
RESEARCH POLICY
Research Funding Requirements
1. All applications for University research fund require research proposal
2. The content of the research proposal shall be in accordance with guidelines
made available by the DRID as presented in the Directorate's research grant
application forms.
3. Applications forms must be endorsed by all the investigators and Head of
Department of the lead researcher
4. All awards for internal funding shall be approved by the Vice Chancellor following
successful evaluation and recommendation by the School Research Committee,
DRID evaluation committee and the Director, Research, Innovation and
Development in consultation with DRID Board.
5. Although the requirements of funding agencies vary, as a general rule, all
applications for external research funds must finally be endorsed by ViceChancellor: (or his or her designee), on the recommendation of the Director of
Research, Innovation and Development, and relevant Dean (or his/her nominee),
before the application can be sent for external research funding. Similarly, all
research agreements (except those undertaken within the context of approved
private work) concluded by staff with external entities must be approved in
consultation with, and be finally endorsed by the Vice- Chancellor or his/her
designate on the University's behalf, on the recommendation of the Director of
DRID and the relevant Dean.
6. Internal funds shall be allocated based on the following order of priority:
a. Research that will attract external funding
b. Academic staff development for higher qualification (MSc, M.Tech, PhD,
Postdoctoral etc.)
c. Research to improve teaching and learning
d. Research to address institutional needs
e. Research to solve local, national and international problems
f. Industry-specific research which should be on contract basis
30
Conditions for Acceptance of Research Grant
7. The grant can only be activated when the grantee has accepted, and agreed to
abide to the terms and conditions governing the grants as outlined by the
University Research policy and/or external donor.
8. The research grantees must fill appropriate University Intellectual Property Right
forms which will ensure protection of property rights of the researcher and
University over intangible/tangible properties emanating from the project and
non-disclosure of University and national confidential information.
Disbursement of Internal Grant
9. The grants shall be disbursed in two instalments by the Bursar on the advice of
the Finance Unit of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development.
10. The initial disbursement shall be 50% of the total grants approved for the project
and the release of the reminder will be strictly hinged to a satisfactory interim
project report and Monitoring & Evaluation report of the evaluators.
11. Without prejudice to 10 above, the percentage of the total grants to be disbursed
initially may be reviewed upward based on the merit of individual cases such as
upfront purchase of equipment required to commence the project
Administration of Research Grants
12. Any major change from the research proposal for which the grant was awarded
shall be subject to ratification by the Director of Research, Innovation and
Development in consultation with the Board of Directorate for Research,
Innovation and Development (Board of DRID). The University Authority shall not
accept any responsibilities be it financial or otherwise for any liabilities resulting
from any work done from unapproved modifications from the approved project
13. If there are sufficient reasons, the Director of Research, Innovation and
Development in consultation with the Board of DRID reserves the right, to
terminate a grant before the end of the period for which the grant was made or
before exhaustion of the grant funds as the case may be.
14. The Director of Research, Innovation and Development in consultation with the
Board of DRID reserves the right to amend the conditions of the grant from time to
time. If such change is made before the expiration of the lifetime of the grant, the
Director of Research, Innovation and Development in consultation with the Board
of DRID reserves the right to apply the new conditions to the grant.
31
Administrative Charges
15. No amount shall be charged for administration and management of internally
funded project
16. The percentage of the total external research grant to be allocated as
administrative charges will be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the
donor
17. If the terms and conditions of the external donor do not include administrative
charges, a maximum of 10% of the total sum of the external grant will be charged
by the institution for administration and management of such externally funded
grant
Financial Operation and Accounting of Research Grants
18. The Lead Researcher shall operate and account for the funds of the grants and it
is with him/her that the Finance Unit of the Directorate of Research, Innovation
and Development, Bursar and Registrar shall deal with in matters concerning the
grant. It is pertinent to state here that the Lead Researcher is required to operate
the fund with the full knowledge of the Co-Researchers as they are co-signatories
of the proposal and documents concerning retirement of the grant (This applies
to both internal and external grants).
19. Expenditure under the grant shall be governed by the University financial
regulations and procedure in operation at the time of the award
20. Breach of the University Financial regulations in expenditure under the grant shall
attract penalties as enshrined in the University rules
Project Reporting
21. Project reporting of internally directed research grant which is the responsibility
of the Lead Researcher shall be done every six months and a final copy will be
submitted to the Directorate on completion of the project for documentation
(This is also applicable to external grants). The final report shall be submitted to
DRID in both hard and electronic forms
22. Every project report shall have an abstract/summary and other relevant
guidelines in format to be made available by the Directorate for Research,
Innovation and Development.
23. Copies of publications and conference proceedings arising from research
findings of internally and externally funded projects shall be submitted to the
Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development on completion of the project
32
Professional and Ethical Issues
24. Professional ethics unique to the particular discipline shall be adhered to. For
example international rules guiding the use of animal and humans, and
hazardous substances for research as well as conflict of interest among the
researchers will be observed. (It is recommended that the University on the
recommendation of the Directorate will establish ethical committee which will
issue ethical clearance to researchers conducting studies using animal and
human volunteers).
25. Such professional and ethical committees shall be affiliated to the National
bodies' e.g. the life sciences ethical committee will be affiliated to the National
Health Ethics Committee.
Employment Matters
26. Where the project requires the hiring of a full time Research Assistant, the
Registrar on the recommendation of the Lead Researcher and Director,
Research, Innovation and Development and guided by the University regulations
shall approve such appointment on a contract basis. Salary and entitlement are
negotiable and the tenure of the appointment will be limited to the duration of the
project and terms of agreement within the contract (This is also applicable to
externally funded projects except if otherwise stated by the funding body).
Ownership of Equipment and Material Acquired from Grants
27. All equipment and materials purchased from both internal and external grants
are the property of the University so such equipment and materials must be listed
on the asset inventory of the Researcher's Department. This implies that the
researcher shall not take away such assets when leaving the services of the
University.
Acknowledgement of Source of Grant
28. Both internal and external funds must be acknowledged in all publications
arising from the project funded by the grant. The grant identification code must
be included in the acknowledgement. A reprint or copy of such publication must
be lodged with the Research Information Unit of the Directorate.
33
Dissemination of Research Information
29. Research findings shall be disseminated in the Directorate's quarterly magazine
and end of year report and other national and international media in compliance
with the funding body's guidelines as well as the institution's Intellectual Property
Rights Policy. All publications are also subject to Nigeria's legislation on
disclosure of confidential information and guidelines on academic integrity
through appropriate acknowledgement of sources and avoidance of plagiarism.
30. Research findings from projects funded by the University shall only be published
in Federal University of Technology, Minna accredited journals (The justification
being that only articles in high impact journals attract high quality grants)
Invention/Innovation
31. In the event of an invention/innovation resulting from personal or funded project,
the inventor be he/she an employee or student, shall apply for provisional
protection of the property rights of the invention from the National Office for
Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP) through the appropriate unit of
the Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development.
32. The inventor shall be assigned the controlling right of the invention/innovation if
such an invention/innovation is not connected to the employment/studentship of
the inventor but the University might reserve the right of use of the invention free
of royalty and other benefits that will be decided upon by the institution as
enshrined in the University Intellectual Property Right Policy (IPP).
33. Even if the inventor has no controlling right such an employee or student is
entitled to a share of any royalties or commercial proceeds, the percentage of
which will take into account the expenses incurred by the researcher in respect of
the invention/innovation as will be enshrined in the University IPP
34. Results and other intellectual properties emanating from works funded by grants
shall not be patented nor commercialised without a prior agreement with the
Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development acting on behalf of the
Federal University of Technology, Minna. Such agreements are subject to
ratification by the University Council
35. The patenting and commercialization of inventions/innovations emanating from
researches carried out under employment or studentship in the University shall
be the responsibilities of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and
Development.
34
Chapter 4
35
4.0
RESEARCH STRATEGY
The research strategic plan identifies the planned research goals, resources and actions
required to achieve the stated goals. The strategic goals for research and the activities
designed to achieve those goals are stated below.
4.1 STRATEGIC RESEARCH GOALS
1.
Enhance the quality of existing research.
2. Increase accessibility of researchers to external funds.
3. Enhance the institutional research profile of FUT, Minna
4. Support and promote fundamental scholarship towards human capacity
development (Production of more PhDs)
5. Support researches based on the needs of the immediate communities,
industries and the nation
6. Improve the impact and international recognition of FUT, Minna research.
7.
Commercialise FUT, Minna intellectual property for wealth acquisition and development.
4.2 ACTIVITIES REQUIRED TO REALIZE THE STRATEGIC GOALS
Enhancing the quality of existing research
1.
The Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development to offer and
coordinate efficient institutional support systems to researchers to develop and
maintain research quality from pre award to commercialization of research output.
2. Evaluate, guarantee and improve research quality by Senate- and Schoolcontrolled structures and also implement Senate approved policies
3. Implement efficient research management systems, including but not exhaustive,
ensuring that the University Authority appoints a research officer and coordinator
at each department and school respectively.
36
11. Consolidate the existing panel assessment processes of internal research
proposal by expanding the Research Project Appraisal Committee to include
experts from all areas of specialization of the University
12. In a situation where there is no expert on the Research Project Appraisal
Committee qualified to evaluate a proposal/project, the Director of Research,
Innovation and Development shall source for such experts within the University to
peer review the proposal/project at an honorarium.
13. Identify, promote and reward research, innovation and development excellence by
motivations such as the Vice Chancellor's Excellence Awards, and increased
publication subsidy for researchers. Facilitate the organization of School Research
Exhibition Week to enable selection of inventions/innovations for awards and
commercialization.
14. Identify research structures and create new research Centres and niches (create
research Centres out of research clusters of groups that have acquired high profile
grants).
15. Organize monthly research seminar for dissemination of findings from researches
conducted by staff and students of the University.
16. Recommend to Directorate of Collaboration, Affiliations and Linkages, national and
international universities and research institutions to collaborate and partner with.
17. Establish a postgraduate Unit to facilitate, support and coordinate post graduate
research activities
18. Institute and execute career development pathways for researchers via mentoring
19. Implement highly resourceful research capacity development initiatives for junior
researchers at both institutional and school levels via training workshops and
seminars on various spheres of research from proposal writing to management of
projects
20. Encourage international exchange of researchers at all levels.
4.3 Enhance the institutional research profile
21. Create a balanced structure for the adequate provision of internal university
resources for research with priorities given to development of manpower and
researches with impact on solving community, regional and national problems.
22. Enlarge the research project evaluation committee to comprise of at least two
members from each of the schools in the University
37
23. Provide Schools with financial, infrastructural and human resources to create
and maintain institutional research capacity. Maintain a professional research
officer and one commercial officer in each school.
24. Provide financial incentives for researchers to participate in high quality,
internationally competitive sustained research activity and, especially,
subsidized output
25. Develop support for research mentorship structures for emerging and young
researchers and strive to introduce research proposal writing and research
management in our undergraduate and postgraduate curricula and/or research
grant proposal seminars at school levels for staff and postgraduate students
26. Instituting a staff-to-student ratio favourable for research productivity as
enshrined in the National Policy for Education.
27. Include research output indicators in performance appraisals for academic staff
28. Support the appointment of Research Professors and establish Research Niche
Areas, Research Centres and Centres of Excellence.
29. Ensure that the research leave system is activated to enable researchers utilize
the vacation to apply for high profile research grants and/or write articles for
publication in high impact journals
30. Establish postdoctoral fellowship system in the University
4.4 Increase external funding for research
31. Institute a committed and sustained practice of identifying and sourcing all
external research funding opportunities, both national and international. This
underscores the need for continuous subscription to Research Professional
Africa platform and a desk officer to source for grants opportunities.
32. Create and expand appropriate national and international strategic research
partnerships and collaborative networks.
33. Employ internal research funds as a strategy to attract external research
grants
34. Identify priority funding streams (Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND),
African Union Research Grants and European Union) and ensure researchers
apply for grants from these specialized funding agencies using the following
38
criteria:
?
Research scope must be focussed; must not disconnect between title and content.
?
Research ideas/content must be original.
?
Research content must be novel or strikingly new.
?
Executive Summary must be well written.
?
Research objectives must be well stated.
?
Use satisfactory/adequate methodology for addressing core research goals.
?
Do not choose mundane or not up-to-date analytical tools/methods in addressing
core research content.
?
Adequate research content of the proposal is required.
?
Adequate familiarity with most recent global developments in chosen research area is
required.
?
Avoid outrageous budgeting
?
Research emphasis should not be localized to be nationally competitive.
4.5 Support community and national, and industry-specific research and
development policies and strategies
35. Engage in relevant national and international organizations that promote
research and innovation e.g West African Research and Innovation Management
Association (WARIMA) and her international affiliates etc.
36. Recognize and support institutional research strengths that complement
national research strategies and priorities; such as Federal and State government
agenda on Agriculture and Food security, ICT, Education, Science and
Technology but to mention a few.
37. Create and expand appropriate strategic research partnerships and collaborative
networks with agencies involved in researches in line with the needs of
communities, national policies, industries and other institution. For example,
United States National Institute of Health (NIH) Agricultural Research Council,
National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Drug development, National
Space Agency, Nigerian Defence Authorities, Raw Materials Research and
Development Council, Departments and parastatals in the Federal Ministry of
Science and Technology etc.
39
4.6 Improve the impact and international recognition of FUT Minna’s research
38. Encourage participation of researchers in activities of national and international
funding agencies such as European Union Funds, UNICEF, World Bank etc.
39. Support participation of researchers in state and national research initiatives and
programmes
40. Encourage researchers to become part of international peer review circles such
as those established by the European Union; World Health Organization, Food
Agriculture Organization Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, etc.
41. Actively publicize research results and achievements nationally and
internationally in print, electronic and mass media.
42. Encourage publication of research results in high impact journals, particularly
Federal University of Technology, Minna accredited journals (The institution
should come up with its list of accredited journals. DRID funded research results
will only be published in such institution-accredited journals. It is also
recommended that publication score be graded according to the impact factor of
the journals).
43. Encourage the international exchange of researchers at all levels (Postdoctoral,
etc.) Note: Postdoctoral fellowship cannot be undertaken five years after award of
PhD
4.7 Exploit FUT Minna's intellectual property for wealth acquisition and development.
44. Refer to approved intellectual property right policy (IPP) for the institution
45. Establish Technology Garden for display of inventions in order to test their
functionalities and potential for acceptance by consumers with a view to
commercializing them.
46. Identify commercially viable innovations/inventions from the University
researches in the Technology Garden and support their patenting via NOTAP and
subsequent commercialization for wealth generation and development in
accordance with the University IPP.
40
Chapter 5
41
5.0
CUSTODIAN OF THE RESEARCH
POLICY AND STRATEGY
1.
The Director: Research, Innovation and
Development, in consultation with the
Vice Chancellor (through Deputy ViceChancellor: Research, Innovation and
Development or any Deputy Vice
Chancellor designated by the VC), the
Board of DRID and the Schools, are
responsible for administering the internal
research grants and providing support
for research in the institution as
enumerated in the policy and strategic
plan.
2. The Director: Research, Innovation and
Board of DRID and the Schools, shall
compile and maintain a research
database, containing information of
research activities conducted by FUT,
Minna staff and students in as accurate
and comprehensive form as possible.
42
Board of DRID and the Schools is in
charge of placing research information
on FUT, Minna research website and
regularly updating the information.
Chancellor designated by the VC),the
Board of DRID and the Schools, compile
an annual Research Report that contains
a summary of the type and scope of the
research activities at the University and
reflects research achievements.
Chancellor designated by the VC), is
responsible for ex ternal funding
campaigns initiatives at an institutional
level and keeping a database of all
national and international research
partnerships.
Chapter 6
43
6.0
ADMINISTRATIVE MODALITIES
FOR IMPLEMENTING THE
STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN
In the implementation of the strategic plan, the Directorate for Research, Innovation and
Development will adhere to the following administrative modalities:
6.1 Research Funding Areas
The following are the priority areas of research interest of the University in the
allocation of funds:
a.
Research that will attract external funding
b.
Academic staff development for higher qualification (MSc, M.Tech, PhD,
Postdoctoral etc.)
c.
Research to improve teaching and learning
d.
Research to address institutional needs
e.
Research to solve local, national and international problems
f.
Industry-specific research which should be contractual
6.2 Sourcing for Research Funds
Researchers will be granted post and pre award support to access the TETFUND,
Agricultural Research Council grant and other national and international donor
funds (European Union, World Bank funds etc). A desk officer each will be
specifically appointed for TETFUND and World Bank Funds). Researchers are
encouraged to apply for international research fund and those that are not proficient
will be supported through seminars and workshop and mentoring on proposal
writing by research officers and professors.
6.3 Proposed Administrative Structure of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and
Development (DRID)
The research activities of the University are coordinated by the Directorate for
Research, Innovation and Development (DRID) with the Director, Research,
44
Innovation and Development as the Chair. The Director will operate with the
assistance of a board, the Board of Directorate for Research, Innovation and
Development (DRID). The membership of the Board is drawn from all academic
schools, centres and units.
a.
Units of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development (DRID):
The Directorate shall comprise of the following units to coordinate its various
activities: as listed below and shown in the organogram figure 2.
1.
Research Information Unit (RIU)
2.
Research Funding Unit (RFU)
3.
Monitoring and Evaluation Unit (M&E)
4.
Postgraduate Support Unit (PSU)
5.
Statistics
6.
7.
8.
Policy Evaluation and Monitoring Unit (PEMU)
Research
Policy and
Strategy
Monitoring
and Evaluation
Unit
Monitoring
and
Evaluation
Unit
Research
Funding Unit
(Strategic
Support for
Pre and Post
Award
Postgraduate
Support
(Scholarships
&
Fellowships)
Planning and
Operational
management
(Director)
Innovation
and
Invention
Unit
Statistics
Units.
Research
Finance Unit
(Budgets &
Projects)
Research
Information
Unit
Figure 2. Proposed Organogram of the Directorate for Research, Innovation and Development (DRID)
45
b.
Research Information Dissemination:
Research findings shall be extensively disseminated at local, national and
international media in order to boost the institution's research profile.
Therefore, the Research Information Unit shall compile and maintain a
research database, containing information of research activities by FUT,
Minna staff and students in as accurate and comprehensive a form as
possible. It will be the Unit's responsibility to place research information on
FUT, Minna research website and regularly update the information.
Compiling an annual Research Report and consequently an annual
magazine containing summary of the nature and scope of the main research
activities and reflecting the research achievements at the University is also the
duty of the RIU.
It is worthy of note that innovations and inventions will only be published after
they have been protected by a patent.
c.
Research Funding:
The DRID through the RFU shall provide strategic pre and post award support
to researchers in accordance to the University research policy. These
supports entails information on sources of funds, technical and administrative
assistance during preparation of both internal and external research
proposals, and project management during the post award stage.
All requests for internal research fund require a proposal in the University
approved research grant forms. Research proposal forms will not be
processed if they are not duly signed by all applicants, Head of Depar tment
and Dean of the Lead Researcher. All proposals shall be reviewed for their
suitability for award by the Research Project Proposal Appraisal Committee
while approval for award which shall be granted by the Vice Chancellor in
consultation with DRID will be made based on funds availability and the
University funding priorities.
External research grants are also accessible through submission of research
proposal in acccordance to the funding agencies' guidelines and forms. The
46
DRID through the RIU communicates regularly to University researchers when
such calls are made. The Directorate will also offer technical and
administrative support in the development, submission and tracking of
external proposals at the pre award stage.
At the post award stage, the award terms and conditions are explained to all
those responsible for project execution and accounting for the funds. The
researchers are briefed on the scientific responsibilities of the grant. The post
award stage also includes creating an account for the project by the Research
Finance Unit.
d.
Monitoring and Evaluation
Project monitoring and evaluation (M & E) to ascertain the quality and quantity
of deliverables and adherence to funding agency's guidelines is an imperative
in asessing the success of the project and is in fact tied to release of grant
funds after the first installment, and so must be conducted through out the
period of the project. For internal grant, the DRID through the M & E unit
conducts evaluation process twice after the mid and final quarters of the
project. The frequency and indices for evaluating externally funded projects
shall be in compliance with the guideline of the funding agencies. However,
due to the diversity of disciplines and therefore indices of different funded
projects, the Board of DRID will select relevant experts to evaluate projects.
The Board in collaboration with the selected experts and research team will
determine the appropriate indices to evaluate each internally and externally
funded project. Only satisfactory progess report and M & E report of
evaluators garantee release of funds after the first installment and winning
subsequent awards from same and other funding agencies so researchers
should be supported in these regards.
e.
Postgraduate Support
The Postgraduate Support Unit shall facilitate, support and coordinate
postgraduate research activities in line with the policies and needs of the
institution, community and country particularly on the quest of the nation to
produce more PhDs. It shall source and provide technical and administrative
47
support for students to obtain national and international scholarships and
fellowships to embark on researches within and outside the country. The
onus is also on the unit to compile and maintain a database of the researches
conducted by all postgraduate students of the University within and outside
the country.
f.
Statistics
Statistics being the science of collecting, analyzing and making inference
from data is particularly important to researchers in all fields to organize,
analyze, and summarize data. Statistical methods and analyses are often
used to communicate research findings and to support hypotheses and give
credibility to research methodology and conclusions. It is therefore important
to researchers so that they can be informed, evaluate the credibility and
usefulness of information, and make appropriate decisions. Most external
funding agencies require biometrician/statistician with good track record
with regards to research data analysis on the team of researchers biding for
high quality grants. This unit will provide such services as well as analyse
research management data for the Directorate and possibly the University
g.
This unit will support pre award grant applicants with the budgeting aspect of
research proposal and grant awardees with managing their finances,
invoicing and financial reporting for both internal and external grants. The unit
must create an account for each project and endorse the financial aspect of
progress report before subsequent instalment is allocated. Only final project
report endorsed by the unit and M & E will be acceptable to DRID. It is
important to note here that only very experienced, finance unit with good
track record of prudently managing many grants can attract high profile
research grants, hence the need to establish and maintain such efficient
system which will keep comprehensive financial records of all research grants
and projects executed in the University.
48
h.
This unit is vested with the responsibility of identifying innovations/inventions
that have high potentials for commercialization, display operational prototypes
of such innovations/inventions in the University Technology park, and provide
administrative support for applications by innovators/inventors for protection
of the property rights of the innovations/inventions from the National Office for
Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP). A NOTAP desk officer is
required at this unit. Marketing/Commercial Officers to promote sales of the
intellectual properties are imperatives in this unit.
I.
Research Policy and Strategy Evaluation and Monitoring Unit
The unit shall implement the document, research policy and strategy and
ensure compliance. It will also be vested with the responsibilities of receiving
feedback and reviewing the document as the needs arises.
6.4 Current Administrative Structure of the Directorate for Research, Innovation
and Development (DRID):
The functions of the various Units proposed in (6.3) above is currently
maintained under two broad Units namely Research Unit and Innovation
and Development Unit as illustrated in the organogram figure 3.
49
Vice Chancellor
Deputy Vice Chancellor
Designate
Director, Research,
Innovation and Development
Board of Directorate for Research,
Deputy Director, Research,
Secretary of Research,
Coordinator, Innovation
and Development Unit
Coordinator of Research
Unit
Research
Information
Unit
Research
Funding Unit
(Pre and Post
Award)
Research
Finance Unit
(Budget and
Project)
Monitoring
and
Evaluation
Unit
Postgraduate
Support
Unit
Statistics
Unit
Innovation and
Invention Unit
Figure 3. Organogram of Administrative structure of the Directorate for Research, Innovation
and Development (DRID)
50
DIRECTORATE FOR
1. Professor Hussaini A. Makun
Director ..............…………………….…
2. Engr. Dr. Moses A. Olutoye
Deputy Director ..........................
3. Dr Muhammed B. Ndaliman
Member.............……………............
4. Professor Edward A. Okosun
Member .............………………………
5. Muhammad Kudu Ndayako
Member ..…............……………………
6. Reuben K. Shaba
Secretary ....................................
51
Bibliography
1. Research Policy for the University of Jos
www.unijos.edu.ng
2. Research Policy and Strategy www.uj.ac.za
3. www.delegations.uwa.edu.au
4. www.bcps.org
5. vut-research.ac.za
6. www.avoiceonline.org
7. www.africaninstitutionsinitiative.org
8. www.hsrc.ac.za
9. www.futa.edu.ng
10. www.google.com.ng/research
52
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1. SAAT: School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
2. SEET: School of Engineering and Engineering Technology
3. SEMT: School of Entrepreneurship and Management
Technology
4. SICT: School of Information and Communication
Technology
5. SET: School of Environmental Technology
6. SSTE: School of Science and Technology Education
7. SLS: School of Life Science
8. SPS: School of Physical Science
9. PG: Postgraduate School
10. TETFUND: Tertiary Education Trust Fund
53
54

FUT MAG inner corrected - Federal University of Technology, Minna

Transcription

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