Sentinel settlement indicators for monitoring of the Sendai

Sentinel settlement indicators for monitoring of the Sendai

Sentinel settlement indicators for monitoring of the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction and the Sustainable Development Goals
Thomas Kemper, Aneta J. Florczyk, Martino Pesaresi
1
Joint Research Centre, Via E.Fermi 2749, TP267, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
{thomas.kemper,aneta.florczyk,martino.pesaresi}@jrc.ec.europa.eu
Abstract
In 2015 the United Nations adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the
Sustainable Development Goals. Both are accompanied by targets and will be further elaborated
through indicators that are action oriented, global in nature and universally applicable. For several of
these indicators adequate data is available only from remote sensing, in particular for human
settlements. However, although there is a plethora of satellites producing images of the Earth at
different spatial resolutions there is today no system that is monitoring globally and consistently human
settlements.
This presentation describes an innovative concept for the mapping of human settlements at regional
and global scales. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) concept was implemented and tested at
the JRC using new, in-house developed methods for information extraction. The methods are based on
image data sequencing and symbolic machine learning by association analysis. These techniques are
well established tools in, for example, genome characterization studies, but so far not used in the
remote sensing domain.
As a result of the open and free data access policies of the United States (for Landsat) and the European
Union (for Sentinel) it is for the first time possible to produce with these methods cost-effective finescale global and regional settlement information. At the global scale the settlement maps were
produced with historical Landsat data that go back to the beginning of civilian Earth Observation in the
70ies; collections of the year 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2014 were processed. The monitoring of future
developments relies on the European Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites of the Copernicus Programme
with the first global update produced by the end of 2016.
However, providing global information is not sufficient for policy support. Therefore, indicators were
developed in collaboration with decision makers that are ready for uptake in international frameworks
such as Sendai or the SDG’s. The presentation provides examples of such indicators and how they are
integrated in the international frameworks.
Figure 1. GHSL supporting international frameworks.
Figure 2. Global Human Settlement Layer.
Shanghai (China)
Lagos (Nigeria)
Water
No Built-up
BU in 2014
BU in 2000
BU in 1990
BU in 1975
Figure 3. Urbanization trends 1975-2014 (GHS-BUILT multi-temporal).
National development trajectories
on built-up pro capita and population growth
1975-1990-2000-2014
PER INHABITANT
AREApro
BUILT-UP
capita 1975-1990-2000-2013
surface
Built-up
600
USA
2014
500
USA
RUS
2000
DEU
400
FRA
1990
300
JPN
IND
1975
CHN
BRA
200
IDN
CHN
100
1975
0
5.0E+06
2.6E+08
5.1E+08
7.6E+08
1990
1.0E+09
2000
ZAF
2014
NGA
BGD
1.3E+09
POPULATION
1975-1990-2000-2013
Population 1975-1990-2000-2013
Built-up
vs. GDP
pro capita
Built-up
vs. GDP
pro capita
60000
Canada
United States
50000
Germany
United Kingdom France
GDP pro capita (WB 2013)
GDP pro capita (WB 2013)
40000
Japan
Italy
30000
Spain
Korea, South
20000
Venezuela Argentina
Poland
Russia
Brazil
Turkey
Mexico
10000
Colombia
Iraq
China
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
Algeria
Iran
Indonesia
Egypt
Morocco
Nigeria
Philippines
Vietnam
Uzbekistan
Sudan
India
Pakistan
Kenya
Bangladesh
Tanzania
Afghanistan
Uganda
Ethiopia
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
0
0
100
200
Ukraine
300
400
500
Built-up surface pro capita (GHSL 2014)
Built-up surface pro capita (GHSL 2014)
Figure 4. Indicator creation capacity.
600
700
800
Bibliography
M. Pesaresi, G. Huadong, X. Blaes, D. Ehrlich, S. Ferri, L. Gueguen, M. Halkia, M. Kauffmann, T. Kemper,
L. Lu, M.A. Marin-Herrera, G.K. Ouzounis, M. Scavazzon, P. Soille, V. Syrris and L. Zanchetta, A Global
Human Settlement Layer From Optical HR/VHR RS Data: Concept and First Results. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl.
Earth Obs. Remote Sens. (6):2102–2131, doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2271445, 2013.
M. Pesaresi, D. Ehrlich, S. Ferri, A.J. Florczyk, S. Freire, F. Haag, M. Halkia, A.M. Julea, T. Kemper and P.
Soille, Global Human Settlement Analysis for Disaster Risk Reduction, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote
Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XL-7/W3, 837-843, doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-837-2015, 2015.
M. Pesaresi, S. Ferri, D. Ehrlich, A.J. Florczyk, S. Freire, M. Halkia, A. Julena, T. Kemper, P. Soille and V.
Syrris, Operating procedure for the production of the global human settlement layer from Landsat data
of the epochs 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2014, JRC Technical Report 2016.