The Impact of Technology Addiction on Children

Transcription

Welcome To
Executive Board of the
Journal
D. Hend Al-Muftah
Editor in Chief
Hanan Al-Heil
Editing Manager
Sama Al-Hajiri
Editing Secretary
Manal Orrabi
Research Review
& Translatin
D. Aref Attari
Design by
Editorial
We meet once more in the third issue of Derbeel magazine for social to pursue reviewing and presenting research achievements for the young generations in the field of social researches, emanating
from Center’s role and mission in developing and adopting cultural potentials and hobbies for young
generations.
In this place we are pushed by the success of the first issue of the P-R-P and the license of social
research which is launched to develop and foster research potentials of young generations. We are
also pushed by the passion we witness from young generations who participated in former researches
seriously and ably in the field of research and scientific competition.
Emanating from the good competition in scientific research among promising researchers, the
third issue of Derbeel magazine presented various researches by variety of social issues such as guarding elderly people in terms of maltreatment of parents and full-fledge case in Qatar.
In other occasions the search on the role of modern technology in developing living and education
skills of being students. They also tackled to subjects which form challenges to therein their sound
socialization and education such as the impact of household problem in academic and behavioral
achievement, an analytical study on various culture and relation to teenager problem in Qatar society, family violence and reflection on children, public safety in commercial complex, the impact of
cartoons of specialized Arab Satellites directed towards children on the value and moral pattern of
Arab child. The impact of social change on GCC family and how it independent schools. They did
not neglect the key sports aspect of their age group, so they searched on “My Sports Achievements
to where?”
It is noteworthy that in searching most of such students by young generation reliance was on reading local Arab reality and social facts around through available information which is tackled by means
of media.
So such achievement are hailed by generations who, lead their way, towards science and research
summit with merit – generations capable of understanding their societies ----- challenges and presenting scientific and methodological solutions from them.
Dr. Hend Abdulrahman Al-Muftah
General Manager
Contents
S. No.
Contents
Childhood cultural center
1
Social studies through the eyes of young researchers
2
A child without childhood
Child language and maids
The negative use of information and technology
The Impact of Family Problems on academic and behavioral achievemant
Mainstreaming (inclusiveness) in independent schools
Care to the Elderly between the Ungratefulness of Children and the
Integrative Care System in the State of Qatar- An Exploratory Study
Low Grades in Mathematics : reasons and solutions
Role of Learning Resources Center in Encouraging Students to Read
About research
3
The social problem and research problem
The methodology of studying the case
Ibn Khaldun – the Founder of sociology
The study of Local Communities
August Kont
Social Research and action plans
4
An Analytical Analysis of Multi cultures and Their Relationship with
Some Problems of Adolescent in the Qatari Society
The Role of Modern Technology in Promoting Life and Educational
Skills of the Vision Impaired Students at the Independent Schools of
Qatar
Research quotes
5
6
4
Research reports
Impact of Child Targeting Cartoons Shown on Arabic Children TV Channels on the Moral &Ethical Patterns of Arab Children at the Age of Six
The Impact of Social Change on Gulf Family & Its Effects on the child
Planning for Muslim Child Literature
Domestic Violence & Its Implications on Children
Public safety in malls
You & Energy Drinks
Types of Books Possessed by the Qatari Family
The Impact of Technology Addiction on Children’s Personality
Our streets !! For how long ??
A Survey Research about School Morning Tardiness for Junior High
School female Students in the State of Qatar
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Childhood Cultural Center
The Childhood Cultural Center continues to implement the adopted strategic objective that have
been planned by since was established by Sheikha Moza Bint Nasser the wife of the Prince of our
father Sheikh Hammad Bin Khalifah Al Thani, may ALLAH protect them, through the implementation of the executive new plan related to the Center, has been announced last May, aiming to
proceed the achievements and enrich the experience of promoting culture that children involved in
all dimensions of the Qatari society. Furthermore, that the future plan is designed to launch several
massive programs for the benefit of children in the State of Qatar.
Strategic Dimensions:
The Center’s new programs with its strategic Dimensions and strong involvement in support
the objectives of the Center seeking to achieve culture development of the child in all means
and manners, meantime dedication to encourage and consolidation of the principles of “Early
Childhood Education” and preparing children for a life and to attain sense of responsibility in a
free society dominated by the spirit of understanding, peace, gender equality, friendship among
nations, people, and ethnic groups, national and religious, to raise awareness among all sectors
of the society, mainly, the parents of the child and the issues that are related to the children’s
health through proper nutrition, as well as to work on the development of the culture of environmental protection and prevention of accidents amongst the targeted groups. While the Center
also takes care of raising the awareness of mothers in the matter of adopting sound educational
ways for their children in all life stages and make those mother aware of all cultural factors and
social matters surrounding them, and other factor that affect the lives of their children and
other children, at the same time, to promote the concept of parental partnership and the extent
of the positive impact on the child, also to learn about the modern methods of raising children
with special abilities, those who are gifted and with special abilities purposing to develop their
abilities and their distinctive mental abilities.
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Support for Social Research:
Represented by the Child Culture Forum, the Center held a symposium intended to form a
future vision for the culture of the children in the Qatari Society to define the culture identity of
the Qatari children, the symposium discussed to define the term of the “Child’s Culture” in the
Qatari Society and the standards and the determents which should be characterized by the activities offered to children in the Qatar Society.
The form also discussed 12 researcher and 10 seminars, which resulted several recommendations as a concept, principles and standards for the culture of the child in the Qatari Society. An
idea proceeded out from that prepare an approved document in the matter of developing the
culture of the child under determinants and standards being acceptable made by competent authorities, as for this document related to the Children’s culture, many competent authorities and
professionals in the State participated in the preparation.
The management of the Cultural Center issued many researches and studies in the field of encouraging to read such researches and studies as they highlight on the effect of some variables such as the
type and the grade level and the motivation of the children, how the teacher is teaching as well as
the socio-economic situation, the subjects devoted for reading, and the level of achievement of those
students in the tendencies towards reading. Through the study of the trends of the children and their
educational practices in the schools, and from the reality of home environment which encourages
reading.
The Cultural Center for Children offers several programs and activities that the Center seeks to
develop the child in all aspect and preparer the child for a life that can sense responsibility and conform with the objectives designed, to a vision and the policies adopted by the State of Qatar; out of
the most important implemented programs in the year 2013 are:
Program for a promising researcher: this program is being implements by the management of researches and development for four successive year, where the idea being formed from the ambitious
vision of the policy of the management in Qatar represented in the general strategy of the family
planned for the vision of the year 2030, and the need to motivate the children towards researching
approach, contributing to construct researches for them. This program is an interactive one, functioning in the positive cooperation relationships between the Center and the ones who are interested
in research upbringing and scientific researches. The program aims to develop the reaching skills in
children and the youths and adopt the talented children, promote such talents in doing researches
and prepare plans to tackle such social phenomena to be very useful to Qatar, where this program
includes a number of integrated projects:
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Reward to the promising researcher: the competition is granted to the group of age 9-18 years that
to provide social studies addressing the problems facing the child in the Qatari and Gulf society, and
cause this competition on the local level of the GCC Countries. In last two years another two groups
were added, individuals and institutions, and may researches presents to the competition addressing
the reality of the children and the most important ones are:
However, who won the first place in the first group: Lulwah Yousuf, Miriam Khaled, Aisha Mohammad, in the second group; Sarah Ali, Lina Ayman, Manar Yosra. But for individuals, Dr. Ashraf Jalal
Hassan Mohammad came in the first place, while Qatar Charity Foundation won the first place for
the group of institutions.
License of the Social Researcher:
The child being encouraged to send his study and to build up an effective treatment program that
contributes in solving some problems that confront its society. This projects adds to Cultural Center
the initiative of an idea of issuing “License of the Social Researcher” to the groups of ages relatively
small, also allows taking care and support for the child to enhance his confidence as a licensed researcher in social matter. The Center issued 7 licenses for children in exchange of presenting plans
in treatments for their researches.
Darbeel Journal for Researches
In addition to these issues, the Center issued two issues, since the Center seeks to documents the
Children’s researched in a dexterous journal specialized in researches aiming to motivate those children in the matters of scientific studies and to develop their senses towards responsibility and have
interest in homeland issues and address the negative phenomena that the society suffers.
In addition to that, the Center executed programs taking care of developing the skills and exploring the gifted children such as:
The campaign of “I read”, where many courses and workshops have been executed accordingly,
that related to develop and encourage the children to read and instill the culture of reading in the
targeted category; this is presented in Book Club, and courses for difficulties and reading groups.
“I am a leader program”, this program develops the leadership skill and self-confidence in the
Children of 12-16 years old and the program of promising poet, this program takes care of the skills
of Arabic eloquent poetry, Arabic language, and the ability to meet the public.
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Appreciation campaign which takes care to develop the sense of the child to give appreciation to
others and consider the efforts exerted by them to raise up the homeland prosperity thereof.
Also, the Center executed several programs, activities and training by educating the parents and
the ones who are taking care of the importance of such education; such as parenting partnership.
The Center celebrates many events locally, in the GCC countries, other Arab Countries and international like the International day, the Gulf and sports and national day in addition to the days of
people with disabilities, family and reading week events.
Also the Center publishes several issues summarized as follow:
Bulletin “I want him educated”: this bulletin aims to develop the culture and education of the child,
where two series have been published, the first one included 7 issues, highlighted the importance of
reading as a pillar of establishing and educating the young generation, inviting parents and educators
to take into account to develop reading by teaching the methods therein as a main element within
the elements of educating the children and to make it delightful and harmful to them. The bulletin
focuses on various subjects taking the matter of reading into account and in how to select the books
devoted to children in accordance to the development stages and in the matter of encouraging them
to read and be directed to the specialized institutions to support and develop the interest in reading
in the children, furthermore, other related subjects, while the second series took care of developing
the mental skills of the child and the knowledge harvest. Where the Center published three issues.
Windows Bulletin, educational and awareness bulletin devoted to children (normal and with special needs children)
Who are taking care of the scope of education, the Center published this bulletin on the occasion
of the international day for the disabled, in cooperation with the Qatari Association for the Special
Needs. This bulletin aims to raise awareness of the children with disabilities to make them aware of
their various life matters. The bulletin summarize the findings of the recent studies in the scope of
developing childhood by setting this is an interesting and simple style that every hand can reach.
Also, the Center published a printed material in Arabic, under a title of “Promising: where the
center discussed many subjects that show originality and contemporary matters intending to merge
some popular terms. This publication just to authenticate the accomplishment of the Center periodically every three months.
The center produced two educational games in mathematic science for children in fourth grade –
a game named the “calculus game”, and “the way of the smarts”, which accompanied the idea of this
program project under the name “Create you game by yourself” where adopted by the Center and
the children produced this game with technical specifications with high quality to be promoted and
published to the children and who are interested.
Successful Partnerships
The Center seeks to develop the children cultures in all fields, including the media, where
the center previously succeeded to qualify 25 informatory people through a promising program
named at that time “the future independent reporter” with the collaboration of several media
leading establishment, seeking the patronage of the gifted in the field of media in the very early
age stage, this is to discover new abilities in this field, where the Center be able to create a distinguished media cadre can make their way in this scope through proceeding to produce media
material and encourage professional media projects, or contribute therein to benefit therefrom
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in future in serving the society.
The center also encouraged the press and media people in schools, supporting the project and
press publications on the level of the schools, clubs and youth centers, side by side establishing a media team from the children working with the Cultural Center to achieve the objectives and activities
of publishing culture.
A good and distinguished experience where accumulated for the Center since ten years when it
was launched, this center betted to come up with the positions of the children in Qatar and interacting with all issues related to childhood, conforming the general trends to affirm the situational rules
of works and support the role of the institutions related in effective partnership to achieve the development of the social cultural in Qatar to advance the country to the year 2030 horizon, where the
Center continued to proceed in its distinctive procession as a symbol for taking care in the children’s
culture and development therein in all issues and aspects.
The Center is taking care to establish strongly relation with all partners, internally and outside, as
the center prove its success in Qatar by concluding several partnerships and cooperation in all governmental sectors and institutions which came to be about 148 partnerships.
On the GCC level, or the Arab and internationally in general, the Center recorded a very significant presence in many international, Arab and gulf events, where the Center participated vigorously
in such events, such as; the Sharjah Forum, Arab Children Conference held in Jordan, the Fourth
Civil Society Forum for Children held in Lebanon, and the Book and World Summit Forum held in
Algeria. Also the Center is keen to participate effectively in reviving the days of the Qatari, GCC and
Arab Children and the International Children Day.
Programs and social activities.
This includes the programs of the Center in several new programs such as the program of
“leaders of tomorrow” this a cultural, scientific and social program developing the skills and preparing the children in early ages to be the leaders of tomorrow, includes focusing on all aspects
of the personal mental issue, psychological and skills.
The Center will launch a program named “Dream in my profession” very shortly, this is summarized in an exhibition dedicated to the a profession of the children divided into several corners,
made for professions separately, the student can choose the one suites him and ambition to be, then
the student can go into the recognize in terms of the needs, positive actions, difficulties, and how to
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reach to the pioneering stage therein. After the student explores the professions that he / she may
have a desire therein, shall constitute a comprehensive idea, then will enter the supervision section,
where specialists will demonstrate some advices to help the student in the last stage and thereafter
will enter the decision section where the student be able to select the future profession accordingly.
Besides the “opportunity” this a competition program yearly held, in a form of the reality TV, in a
shape that considers the traditional and conventions conducted into the society, taking care of the
way of provision, forms, and the presentation of subjects. The program focuses on the visual media
parts in the its first version, TV reports, interviews and short films as the “opportunity” aims to awake
the desire in children in media and work for media and press in all specializations, do discover the
media talented student, creation of a new generation in this career professionally.
As for the campaign “I read”, was launched in the last season, and will continue during the year
under the theme “reading is a life”, it is one of the most apparent activities of the Center, which will
work to develop the culture and practices of reading with the children in Qatar in particular and
the society as well, this to develop the country of Qatar and for the foundational aims of the center
which come within the efforts made by the center in continuing to encourage reading amongst the
youths and step forward in applying this program of reading which also based on the development
of the skills and the aspects of the trends of culture towards reading with relation with the innovation
in culture and technical issues.
Also, will work to cover the national GCC occasions as well as the international ones, meantime
will fulfill the needs of the children and satisfy their desires. Participating in the national celebrations
specially the National and Sport Day and the Days of the GCC countries related to children, organizations of Ramadan occasions, such as the program of Ramada and “QarnQoua’h” , along with the
participation in several activities during the year as the festival of the Traditional Al Mahamel and the
Union of Qatar Football, Al Baraha event and mental sports and may other events.
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Social Studies
Through the eyes of
young researchers
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A Child without Childhood
Prepared by :
Shayma Babseel
Supervised by :
Manal Issa
Arabic Language Teacher
Gharnata Preparatory Independent
School for Girls
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Summary :
The study is summarized the changes that occur to the children
who abandon their childhood.
The factors leading children to abandon their childhood.
Reasons childhood concept of today is different than that of
yesterday.
The impact of this phenomenon on children, family, and society.
To discuss the above points, we distributed a questionnaire to
primary students at the Amna Mahmud alJayda Primary School.
We also made an interview with Dr. Shihatah Mahrous and Psychiatric Specialist Reema Abu Shihadah. In addition, we took
the views of some parents at the schools.
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Table of Contents
No.
Subject
Page No.
1
Thanks and Dedication
15
2
Introduction
16
3
Study Goals
16
Chapter 1 : (Theoretical Framework)
1
Introduction
17
2
Definition of A Child Without Childhood Phenomenon
17
3
The Changes That Occur to the Children Who Abandon Their Childhood
Factors Leading Children to Abandon Their Childhood
17
Impact of the Children’s Abandonment of their Childhood on Themselves, Family and Society
Role of Surrounding Environment (Home – Society)
19
4
5
6
18
20
Chapter 2 (Empirical Study)
14
1
Study Procedures
22
2
Questionnaire Analysis
22
3
Conclusions and Recommendations
24
4
Conclusion
24
5
Resources List
25
Thanks and Regards to Arabic Language
teacher Manal Issa / Research supervisor
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Introduction
The late childhood stage (9-12 years) is characterized by mental maturity of children
and awareness of what goes around. It also contains mystery and confusion; therefore, if
we fail to deal with this age category it will lead to several negative issues such as leading
children to abandon their childhood toward an older stage or toward what is known as the
phenomenon of “A Child Without Childhood”. We often see kids with innocent smiles
on their faces trying to imitate others in order to feel that they are out of childhood and
became older. They imitate older individuals without knowing that this imitation strips
them of their innocence, causes to them a lot of troubles in future, and reflects badly on
them and their societies.
Importance of the Study:
We have chosen the subject “A Child Without Childhood” because of its significance. Childhood is
the hope societies are built on, and it is the land of good where dreams are cultivated. Our beloved
Qatar aspires to a renaissance which will only take place through children because they represent
a human, cultural and civilizational investment which exceeds all other investments in its revenue.
Therefore, we decided to study this phenomenon and find solutions for it so that it does not become
more common among our children and cause the child’s role in the future to diminish, noting that
the environment which abandons children is doomed to disintegrate.
Study Limitations :
Thematic Limitations :
The phenomenon “A Child Without Childhood”
Geographical Limitations :
We distributed a questionnaire at the Amna Mahmud alJayda Primary Girls School and the Al Rashad Model Independent School for Boys. As for the interview, we conducted one with the professor
of educational psychology who visited our school in addition to another interview with the psychiatric
specialist at our school, and we also took the opinions of some parents at the school.
Study Goals :
1 - Shed light on the nature of the problem of “A Child Without Childhood”.
2 - Point out the reasons of the problem.
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Chapter 1
)Theoretical Framework(
3 - Clarify the impact of this problem on every child, family and society.
4 - Bring awareness to families about children’s needs because today’s children are not like children
of yesterday.
5 - Arrive at suggested solutions to this problem.
Terminology :
Child: Every human being under 18 years old.
Without childhood: The child does not enjoy childhood in a good manner and goes to next stages
by imitating those older than him
A Child Without Childhood
1.1 Introduction
Late childhood (9-12 years old) takes place during elementary stage. It is full of innocence and is
considered the most suitable stage for socialization. Yet, from a scientific research point of view, it is
almost forgotten due to the focus on the stages of growth that take place before and after it.
1.2 Definition of “A Child without Childhood” :
We have not found in any reference a definition to this phenomenon which describes it accurately.
So, we put a simplified definition to this it. “A Child without Childhood” is the category of children
who tries to play the role of those older than them. It does not enjoy innocent childhood and stays
away from it by overtaking it toward older categories in age and behavior.
1.3 The Changes That Occur to the Children who abandon their childhood :
Mental changes :
The mental status of the child changes drastically from limited mind and thought to unlimited,
wide thinking and imagination. His mind will be opened and he will focus on older issues.
Language changes :
These are the most obvious changes on a child. He starts using big words and utters phrases older
than him. In addition, his objection on many subjects increases, and he engages in many tense arguments and discussion with those around.
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Psychological changes :
A healthy child is usually emotionally stable; but, a child of this category and mind openness
imitates those older than him and abandons his childhood. This makes him enter an inescapable vortex which affects his personality greatly. The child will often feel anxiety, lack of happiness and lack of joy. Additionally, he will feel angry and agitated when being mocked and ridiculed for new behaviors that do not suit him. He will also have a strong desire for independency
and a tendency to be self-reliant.
Social Changes :
Socially, the child will change from a child with relations that does not exceed school, family and friends of his same age to bigger relationships. He will tend to mingle with adults and
feel the need to imitate others with or without knowledge especially the imitation of famous
personalities. He will have a desire to take decisions and express his opinion and tend to be
possessive and owning.
This child will also start taking interest in his looks and choosing new clothes with new interests far beyond his age and thought. Sometime he will raise his voice at his mother, and tend to
be alone and there will be no credibility in what he says.
1.4 Factors Leading a Child to abandon his Childhood
Family Role and Treatment :
Family treatment is considered an essential factor leading the child to abandon his childhood. Since birth child grows within his family first before facing the outer environment, and
he sees the world through his family’s eyes. So, when parents neglect their children, pay attention to work and other aspects of life, avoid talking to their child and leave them for extended
periods of time without asking about them, they create a big gap in their relationship. From another angle, the parents might play a role leading the child to abandon his childhood quickly
by giving him responsibilities older than his age and treating him like an adult, or by over-spoiling, pressure, and continuous disciplining. Also, sometimes the child’s position in the family
in terms of age influences him. In addition, sometimes the role model image for the child is
damaged when the parents teach the child not to lie yet they resort to lying usually or when they
encourage him to keep values and principles they do not honor. Moreover, when they ignore
the child’s feelings it makes the child accumulate curbed feelings and releases them through
other behaviors. The child is also influenced by his family disputes when he sides with one of
the parties and always tries to imitate the way this person behaves and talks in order not to lose
him. Therefore, if the house is unstable and has continual problems, the child feels fear and
insecurity. The child may suppress himself within and consequently abandons his childhood.
The Role of Friends :
In this phase, influence of friends increases. The child may have good or bad friends who
influence his behavior, personality and treatment of those around him. The child’s company
is considered a bridge between family and the big society, which is usually the school or the
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clubs. The child’s behavior changes with befriending those older than him; he talks like they
talk, moves like they move and act like they act. This imitation is not limited to good behavior;
it could be an ugly behavior with which the traces of childhood disappear.
Means of technology :
One of the most effective devices is the television. But, we note that the strong relationship
between the child and television lacks many of its effective elements when the child approaches
teenage then adulthood. Usually a child in this stage is unable to choose between “naive” cartoon programs and children’s stories with fictional characters or the programs and films that
are full of “utter” exaggerations. He usually gets attracted to such programs and adventure
programs that are enthusiastic to children. Additionally, we find that internet allows the child
access to information unsuitable to his age or modesty which consequently shakes his behavior
and his religious sanction, makes him commit older acts, develop characteristics that do not
suit him and take away childhood enjoyment. We should not forget modern gaming devices
and mobile phones that are very common among children and cause great danger on their
mentality and openness to imaginations and visions.
Quick Physical and
Psychological Changes :
At the end of the childhood stage, several physical changes occur to the child such as increase
of height and weight, increase of muscle size and sexual organs, growth of hair on several areas
of his body in addition to the increase of breast size for girls. These changes are accompanied
with the adulthood phase, where the age of puberty for girls is at the age of 12-13 and for boys
at the age of 14-15. However, recently we notice that girls reach adolescence at the age of 9-10
years old due to excessive eating of junk-food and the less movement without physical exercises
that are replaced by previously mentioned activities (internet, television and video games) for
long hours. As a result, the percentage of hormones and fat in body increase, leading to expediting adolescence. These quick changes for the child make him tend to change his personality
and mingle with those older than him because all these things hide childhood for the child.
Moreover, these changes might be accompanied by psychological changes such as fear, anxiety
and weak personality, and when they all appear in a child; he fears to face others and resorts to
imitating those older than him as a type of protection.
1.6 Impact of the Child’s Abandonment of His Childhood on Himself, Family and
Society
This phenomenon has a negative impact on family and society, but the child is the first affected person by his abandonment of childhood. In order for a human being to be straight
and have a healthy personality, he must live healthy because all stages complete one another.
Childhood is essential for an individual; if he does not live it, he will be affected for the rest of
his life and it will cause problems in his personality. Since family is part of society, society will
also be affected by these changes; consequently, the social system in which children is a big part,
will be shaken.
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1.7 Role of Surrounding Environment (Home – Society)
Since parents are the closest to their children in genes and emotions, they are the closest to
help the child prove himself and live his age stages peacefully. Therefore, parents must first
strengthen their relationship with their children without using exaggerated, strict seriousness,
because this method closes all channels of dialogue that are the key to exchanging conversations and thoughts. The parents also should understand the child and his desire and treat him
with modern, enjoyable methods away from violence, scorn and insulting that increase his confusion psychologically and behaviorally. Children now need special treatment which is contemporary and open to their thought process and openness to the world outside because positive
relationship is half of a child’s raising1. Most importantly is raising children well from early age,
encourage their religious sanction and educate them to behave well because always has been,
always will be. Sometimes commenting negatively on the child -even if by joking- may make
him/her feel insulted and degraded. The negative comments must be replaced with praise and
admiration for any positive act the child does, because if the child does not receive commendation he becomes careless. Moreover, the family must encourage the child to practice hobbies,
do useful readings and express his interests. Encouraging parents help their children accept
their mistakes and learn from them. Also paying attention to the child’s feelings has big influence on the child’s acts and lifestyle. Raising a child with a crushed personality leads to distorting his feelings and may condemn him to go astray. Fathers should teach their children about
the physical changes in this stage so they do not need to ask others and learn information which
does not match their age. This stage usually contains hormone changes, and parents become
sensitive on how to deal with these changes. However, fathers must understand these changes
and know how to deal with them because the hormone increase makes gentle child more sensitive, and these changes happen inside the child away from our eyes where we cannot see them,
but we see the changes only. Usually children see their parents as an order-making machine,
so they face this machine and avoid dealing with it. Hence, these orders must be made in a
method which suits the child and his age. Furthermore, parents must not self-interpret their
children’s positions because when they do so without considering the child’s justification and
understanding what he wants to say, their interpretations could shed light on definitions and
behavior unknown to the child. As a result, parents must see their children’s complaints from
the child’s angle not from that of the parents. The child is not an open book to read whenever
we want; the child has definitions that need to be understood first in order to understand what
goes inside him.2
<?> PhD Mustafa Abu Sa’ad / Book of Annoying Teenagers
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The child does not only belong to his family; he belongs to environment and society, and
society must help children not give up their childhood by providing entertainment venues for
all ages and stages and provide suitable things so that the children do not resort to those older
than them. In addition, there must be clubs and centers that aim at filling the child’s free time
and channel his talents instead of wasting his time in what is not useful. Moreover, there should
be cultural and social festivals for children. The school also has an effective role with its teachers and educationists, because the child spends half of his day at school and acquires from it
new habits when mixing with students and teachers. Teachers must contribute to building the
child’s personality because they have influence on the child’s attitude. Then, the teacher must
love his work and be honest about it. He must deal with children in a method which suits their
age and contains them, because many children suffer greatly from psychological damage because of teachers. Also there should be enlightening lectures in a way which attracts children
because, as mentioned earlier, children in this age need more attention. They are in a transitional phase during which they are uncertain and needs lenient words, tender touches and one
to tap on their shoulders, encourage, accept and love them. Mostly, children have psychological needs that parents and educationists must consider and care for in order to fulfill the other
needs like food and drink. Personality has an amazingly strong effect on the child’s behavior,
so the essential mission is that every individual fulfills his duties toward children. Children only
need little care and good treatment, respect and love from their parents and the society they
live in. Children are human beings who need balance and personal harmony. They need acknowledgment from society and the world that they have rights, duties, presence and opinion
through which they can change the world. Therefore, if all individuals treat children on this
basis, they would spend all this stage in peace without imitating and behaving like those older
than them.
<?> - PhD Samira Mihrab http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rg1vEdc1BMU.
21
Chapter 2
)The Empirical Study(
minds and brains. We distributed 30 questionnaires to students of two primary schools
(boys and girls).
2.1 Research Procedures
Methodology :
Study Tools :
- Then we made our first interview with the
psychiatric specialist in order to understand
the psychological needs of the child in this
stage and the reasons he abandons his childhood.
- We used a questionnaire to study the desires
and requirements of children as well as their
inclinations in this stage, and to understand
and comprehend what goes in their world,
- To back our study through experience, we
made a second interview with Dr. Shihatah
Mahrus, the educational psychology specialist at the Helwan University in Egypt.
We used the descriptive method because we
studied a phenomenon which describes the
reality of today’s children.
2.2 Data Analysis
No
22
Phrase
Always
%
Sometimes
%
Never
%
1
I have older friends.
9
30 ٪
17
56.6 ٪
4
13.3 ٪
2
I enjoy watching cartoon.
10
33.3 ٪
20
66.6 ٪
0
0
3
I receive enough care from my parents.
26
86.6 ٪
4
13.3 ٪
0
0
4
I know my interest well and I do not
need anybody’s advice.
13
43.3 ٪
11
36.6 ٪
6
20 ٪
5
I still enjoy my childhood until now.
6
20 ٪
8
26.6 ٪
16
53.3 ٪
6
My relationship with my family is
strong.
20
66.6 ٪
7
23.3 ٪
3
10 ٪
7
I like an actor and I imitate him in
clothes and behavior.
12
40 ٪
14
46.6 ٪
4
13.3 ٪
8
My lack of knowledge with some issues makes me resort to the internet.
9
30 ٪
19
63.3 ٪
2
6.6 ٪
9
My lack of knowledge with some issues makes me resort to those older
than me.
11
36.6 ٪
13
43.3 ٪
6
20 ٪
10
Family disputes affect me negatively.
17
56.6 ٪
9
30 ٪
4
13.3 ٪
A chart showing conclusions analysis
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Always
Sometimes
Never
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 - I have older friends.
2 - I enjoy watching cartoon.
3 - I receive enough care from my parents.
4 - I know my interest well and I do not need anybody’s advice.
5 - I still enjoy my childhood until now.
7
8
9
10
6 - My relationship with my family is strong.
7 - I like an actor and I imitate him in clothes and
behavior
8 - My lack of knowledge with some issues makes me
resort to the internet.
9 - My lack of knowledge with some issues makes me
resort to those older than me.
10 - Family disputes affect me negatively.
23
Conclusions and Recommendations :
The most significant positive conclusions of the study :
- The child could become in future a good, mature individual when he imitates good individuals.
- The child acquires self-reliance and responsibility.
- The child learns some proper values and behaviors especially that he took enough time imitating older individuals who practice these values and behaviors.
- The child realizes the social responsibility and be responsible from the beginning for his small
brothers and the family until he reaches external society.
Negative Conclusions :
- The child does not enjoy his childhood and does not live it innocently with ease.
- The child considers that he is a man above his mother and a guardian for his young brothers
and sisters through order and control.
- The child quotes words and behaviors that exceed his age by far.
- The child speaks and learns dangerous subjects for a child, and these may exceed to behavior.
- The child acts and behaves without the ability to bear the consequences.
- The child might deviate from the right path by imitating those older than him, which will have
a negative impact in future and might lead to dangerous behaviors that are hard to deal with
and overcome.
Based on the above conclusions we made a number of recommendations and solutions as follow :
- Parents must encourage their children imitate older individuals and learn positive behaviors,
and deal with any negative behavior the child so it does not grow with the child and become
a hard-to-solve problem.
- Listen to children in order to let them express their feelings and thoughts, then try to be close
to them, understand them and identify the real reasons to their behaviors.
- The parents must have dialogue with their children because it allows the child to express
what’s in his mind and exchange his thought freely.
- The parents must tell their children about their own experiences and enjoyments as children
in order to understand the meaning of everything they go through.
- The parents must offer effective suggestions and substitutes to help the child look after himself and get out of what he faces.
24
- The parents should stay as far away as possible from giving orders and using force and they
should use the method of care instead of guardianship.
- The parents must accept their children’s mistakes and teach them that mistakes are expected
from every human being and that mistakes are educative. They should tell them that making
mistakes as youngsters and learning from them is better than making mistakes when they are
older and then be held responsible for them.
- The parents must understand the child, his thought and feelings from his point of view not
from theirs.
- The parents must allow children to participate in attracting activities that are close to their
age and their hobbies. They should help them develop their talents and provide them with
enjoyment within a safe educative atmosphere.
- The parents must encourage their children to depend on themselves and fulfill their needs
for entertainment by imitating those older than them until they can be responsible for themselves and their siblings.
- The parents must encourage the child from early age to help his brothers and family members
and the needy in society in order to fulfill his need to imitate those older than him.
List of Resources :
Books :
- PhD Jan Jubran Karam.( 1988) Television & Children. Beirut-Lebanon. Dar Aljil
- Salah-al-Deen Al-Omariyyah.(2011) Raising Psychology Amman-Jordan. Al-Mujtamaa Al-Arab
Publishers Library
- PhD Mustafa Abu Sa’ad.(2010). Annoying Teenagers. Kuwait. Ebdaa Store Company.
- PhD Yusif Mohammed Al-Abdullah(2011) Proper Education in A World Full of Dangers. Doha-Qatar.
Internet Websites :
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3yk0nCYRco
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vFUzLank_U
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rg1vEdc1BMU
- http://www.aladalanews.net/index.php?show=news&action=article&id=10550
(Aladala Newspaper)
25
Child’s Language &
Maids at home
Prepared by :
Lulua Yusuf
A’ishah Mohammed
Mariam Khaled
Sixth Elementary Grade
Supervised by :
Munirah Mohammed Al-Adhbah
Head of Teaching Resources Center
Moza bint Mohammed
Independent Primary
School for Girls
26
Summary :
The goal of the study is to :
Examine the phenomenon of foreign maids and its impact on a
child’s language, as well as the negative effects of using foreign
maids. The study also aims at getting working mothers’ point of
view about the spreading this phenomenon. Through this study we
reached some solutions which could help limit this phenomenon,
such as using Arab maids instead of foreign ones in order to preserve the Arabic identity and language.
Establish nurseries under Arab or local supervision for children
between 1 and 4 years old at the ministries and institutions in
which mothers work.
Close the door to bringing maids and babysitters from non-Arab
countries.
Present awareness programs about children and how to care for
them and follow up their language and behavior.
27
Table of Contents
No
28
Research Elements
Page Number
1
Dedication
29
2
Introduction
30
3
Research Importance
30
4
Research Goals
30
5
Study Problem
30
6
Research Hypotheses
31
7
Data Analysis
32
8
Questionnaire
33
9
Results and Recommendations
35
10
References
35
We dedicates this work to all Arab world children who preserve their identity and language againtst the odds that work to erasing
this Identity, get they will Bind it even after a
while.
29
Introduction
Environment plays a vital role in developing the child’s language and developing
it because the child is very sensitive toward giving and taking in dealing with the environment from various angles. A child’s language is affected by those around him,
and this effect could be negative in case there was a foreign maid and babysitter. The
child learns through the babysitter weak and incoherent vocabulary, which is obvious through many of Asian vocabularies such as Indian, Filipino, and Seri Lankan.
Moreover, the study indicated that a percentage of children suffer defects in pronunciation because of presence of maids at home, like being unable to pronounce some
letters and differentiate between letters like the Arabic “Qaf” or “Ghain”.
In addition, there is the foreign language with which the child could be affected
in general and which might emerge by mixing the maid’s or babysitter’s language
with society or family. The child will suffer from contradiction between what he hears
from his mother in terms of treatment and conversation and what he hears from
the maid, which is mostly a mixture of the maid’s original language and some local
expressions. We find this obvious in the way the child constructs sentences. He maintains a limited lingual imagination due to the way the maid speaks. In addition, the
lingual imagination of the child is so limited.
Therefore, our research will address the negative impact the presence of foreign
maids has on a child’s language. We divided the elements of the research to several
sections beginning with the importance and goals of the research, hypotheses and
solutions that enable us to limit this phenomenon.
Research Importance
The research sheds light on the maid’s negative impact on children’s language and its influence on
the delay of children’s speaking ability and their weak construction of sentences.
Research Goals
1 - Knowing the impact of foreign maids on a children’s language.
2 - Knowing working mothers’ point of view in the spread of this phenomenon.
Research (Study) Problem
The maid’s negative impact on a child’s language.
Research Tool and Sample
A questionnaire (see Annex 2) has been used as a tool to gather information through administering it to 64 working mothers.
30
Theoretical Aspect
Research Hypotheses
1 - The presence of a foreign maid at home has a negative impact on child’s communication with
society.
2 - The fact that the mother goes to work and depends on the foreign maid to raise the children
makes them get attached to the maid and influenced by her language.
Previous Studies:
Foreign maids’ impact on raising children at Holy Mecca and Jeddah from mothers’ point of view,
Author: Prof. Anbarah Hussein Abdullah Al-Ansari
The researcher identified the goal of this study in the following points: 1. Identifying the phenomenon of foreign maids and its impact on children’s upbringing. 2. Identifying the economic and
social variables that caused this phenomenon. 3. Identifying the negative and positive aspects resulting from using foreign maids. 4. Identifying the different points of view of working and non-working
mothers regarding raising children.
The researcher arrived at a number of conclusions, most importantly:
1 - The maid has negative impacts on children’s upbringing.
2 - There are no statistical differences between working and non-working mothers’ opinions on the
maid’s impact on children’s upbringing.
3 - There are no statistical differences between Muslim and non-Muslim maids in Jeddah related to
the maid’s impact on children’s upbringing except in some phrases.
4 - There is a positive relation between the maid’s educational level and her negative impact on raising children.
5 - The study clarified that working and non-working mothers in Mecca and Jeddah cannot do without maids.
31
Data Analysis
6 - One of the most important positive points of a maid is that she cares for the house well, which is
why she is brought from outside. House burdens after employment were the general and main
reason to using the maid.
7 - The most negative points of using a maid is her rebellion and stubbornness for the silliest reasons,
and that she runs away from home in an attempt to return to her country.
8 - One of the most important solutions mothers support in order to limit the negative impact of
maids is to establish nurseries at the institutions in which mothers work.
The questionnaire clarified the following:
32
No
Questions
Yes
No
Neutral
1
Maids have negative impact on children’s interaction with society.
59
8
0
2
The main reason for the expansion of this phenomenon is that
the mother is busy outside her home most of the time.
48
12
4
3
The different language of maids at home delays the children’s
ability to speak and distorts their language.
46
14
4
4
The children’s strong connection and love to the made leads to
confusing their lingual vocabulary.
54
8
2
5
The fact that the mother depends on the maid to take her role as a
babysitter without monitoring affects children’s language greatly.
54
8
2
The questionnaire pointed to the following:
- A number of 56 working mothers say that maids have negative impacts on children’s interaction with
society while 8 others disagree to this opinion.
- A number of 48 mothers hold that the main reason for the expansion of this phenomenon is that
the mother is busy most of the time outside home while 12 others rejected this opinion and 4 were
neutral.
- A number of 46 mothers found that the different language of maids at home delays the children’s
ability to speak and distorts their language, 14 others opposed this view, while 4 were neutral about
it.
- A number of 54 mothers thought the children’s strong connection and love to the made leads to
confusing their lingual vocabulary, 8 others thought otherwise while 2 were neutral.
- A number of 54 mothers noticed that depending on the maid to take their role as babysitters without
monitoring affects the children’s language to a great extent, 8 others rejected this opinion, while 2
were neutral.
33
A chart showing conclusions analysis
60
50
40
30
Yes
No
Neutral
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 - Maids have negative impact on children’s interaction with society.
2 - The main reason for the expansion of this phenomenon is that the mother is busy outside her
home most of the time.
3 - The different language of maids at home delays the children’s ability to speak and distorts their
language.
4 - The children’s strong connection and love to the made leads to confusing their lingual vocabulary.
5 - The fact that the mother depends on the maid to take her role as a babysitter without monitoring
affects children’s language greatly.
34
Results :
1 - The presence of foreign maids is a big threat to the children’s language and behavior, which affects
their Arab identity in future.
2 - The absence of family supervision is one of the aspects that lead to the expansion of this phenomenon.
3 - The fact that the maid started taking the mother’s role most of the time made the children become
close to her and be affected by her to a point they started using her words and behavior.
4 - Working mothers are most affected by the expansion of this phenomenon.
Recommendations:
1 - Bring Arab maids instead of foreign ones in order to preserve Arabic language and identity.
2 - Establish nurseries under Arab or local supervision for children between 1 and 4 years old at the
ministries and institutions in which working mothers serve.
3 - Close the door to bringing maids and babysitters from non-Arab countries.
4 - Present awareness programs about children and how to care for them and monitor their language
and behavior.
35
References
Books :
- Ma’moun Mbayed – Child’s Identity – Beirut: Arab Scientific Publishers, 1st Print-2007.
- Ali Al-Qasimi – Arab Child Language: Studies in Linguistic Policy and Psychological Linguistics –
Beirut: Lebanon Library Publishers, 1st Print – 2009.
- Nourah Ibrahim Abdullah Al-Idan – Maids Impact on Saudi Family – Riyadh: King Saud University¸1st
Print – 1985.
Internet Pages:
http://www.estebyans.com/
www.ahl-alsonah.com/
http://www.alarabiah.org/
http://forum.stop55.com/
36
Appendix
Questionnaire: The maid’s impact on children’s language
The presence of maids has a negative impact on the lingual growing of children because they acquire
from her incoherent, weak vocabulary. Studies proved that a percentage of children suffer from
speaking defects due to the presence of a maid at home such as stammering and stuttering. Therefore, a group of students from Moza bint Mohammed Independent Primary School for Girls made a
study about this subject in order to examine the impact maids have on children’s language and the
reasons that lead to this situation.
Kindly cooperate with us and answer this questionnaire with integrity in order to reach clear conclusions. Your cooperation is highly appreciated.
Maids have a negative impact on the children’s lingual interaction with society.
c Yes
c No
c Neutral
The main reason for the expansion of this phenomenon is that working mothers are
busy outside home most of the time.
c Yes
c No
c Neutral
The maid’s different language at home delays the children’s ability to speak and confuses their language.
c Yes
c No
c Neutral
The child’s strong connection and love for the maid leads to confusion in lingual vocabulary.
c Yes
c No
c Neutral
The fact that the mother depends on the maid to take her role as a babysitter without monitoring
affects the children’s language greatly.
Name ........................................ ........................................ Profession
........................................
37
The Negative Use of
Information Technolog
Supervised by :
Mukhtar Tamam
Prepared by :
Hamid Mohamed Al Mirri
Ahmed Salah
Abdulaziz Dallol
Khaled Bin Al
Walid Intermediate
Independent Boys’
School
38
Summary :
We chose to conduct this study for different reasons including the availability of information technology devices
and easy accessibility to them. However many students
are not fully aware of the negative and positive aspects of
these devices. Therefore the aim of the study is to draw
attention to this issue and to submit recommendation on
using IT to serve the best interests of students.
To achieve the aims we administered questionnaires to
students in Khaled Bin Al Walid Intermediate Independent Boys’ School and conducted interviews with guardians of students, school administration, teachers and
students with a view to identify the reasons beyond the
problem and arrive at recommended solutions in order
to contribute to the welfare of the society and the school.
The study ended with conclusions and recommendations.
39
Table of Contents
No
40
Research Elements
Page Number
1
Dedication
41
2
Introduction
42
3
Research Questions
42
4
The Theoretical Background
43
5
The Research Methodological Procedures
45
6
Interview
46
7
Students Data Analysis
47
8
The results of a questionnaire students
48
9
The questionnaire results
49
10
Teachers Data Analysis
50
11
52
12
The general conclusions of the research
56
13
List of Resources and References
58
We would like to thank all who contributed
to make this research a success.
We in particular extend special thanks to
the coordinator of the Arabic Language Mr.
Ebrahim Al Khuzam and teachers of the Department for their continuous assistance in
completing this operational research and for
their support and guidance.
Special thanks go to the administraion of the
school which support was essential to complete this work.
41
Introduction
Technology benefited mankind over time. It increased productivity of
goods and services, relieved man of hardships and suffering and improved
his life in general. But much as technology benefited man it brought with
it problems some of which is the function of misuse and abuse of technology. For instance it caused pollution, exhaustion of natural resources and
unemployment besides the social and psychological problems such as isolation, over individuality, expansion of pornography and the deterioration of
neighborhood and social relations. But technology has become imperative
and there is no way to live without it. The issue is how to use it and employ
it to the best interests of man. This is the focus of this research study.
Significance of the Study :
The significance of the study emanates from its subject that is the misuse of IT which is a problem
that almost all school students are exposed to. It may be theoretically useful as it sheds light on this
problem. It is also hoped that it be practically helpful by submitting recommendations for students,
guardians, school administrators, teachers and the society at large.
Imitations of the Study :
The study is limited by the tools it employed namely the questionnaires and interviews and by the
location as it was conducted in a particular school, namely Khaled Bin Al Walid Intermediate Independent Boys’ School.
Research Questions :
What is the role of the following factors as reasons for negative information technology use:
1 - Weak control?
2 - Bad company?
3 - Increasing leisure time?
4 - Religious motivation adversely impact on the use of IT?
5 - Lack of awareness among students and families?
6 - Result of shortage of activities?
7 - Weak motivation for learning among students?
8 - Associated with the parents’ involvement in their business?
42
The Theoretical Background :
Technology is a Greek term that is derived of two parts “tech” which means art or craft, and “logy”
which means science or knowledge. Thus “technology” means the scientific applications of knowledge and science in life.
Technology has many benefits. It helped man to deal with nature and improve his life. And over
the years it helped:
1 - Increase the production of goods and provision of services
2 - Reduce labor that is required to minimize hardships that were associated with producing goods
and providing services
3 - Facilitate life and make it easier
4 - Improve the lifestyle to a great extent
Essentially though, technology has never been ideal. There were side effects some of which were
dangerous and critical. The problem was complicated because those side effects were not envisaged
from the beginning and because the technological applications were introduced and used without
considering in advance their adverse effects.
Among those adverse effects were :
- Environmental pollution
- Exhausting and deteriorating natural resources
- Additions of color, taste and smells to food thus leading to hazards on the health of man
- The annihilation nightmare as a function of weapons of mass destruction
- The unsociability resulting from urbanization and over individuality which brought upset and isolation to human life. Some studies showed that children who spend much time watching TV or surfing the net are more vulnerable to the feeling of depression and isolation besides deterioration
of social relationships. Therefore there is a need to balance the use, benefit and entertainment of
technology with social activities.
- The addiction or overuse of technology may lead to many behavioral problems such as the withdrawal and detachment from real life and isolation from others thus causing negative impact of
social relations besides lack of language for dialogue. In general this may lead to a weak personality
on the social aspect.
There are two categories of IT :
One concerned with processing data such as the computers
The other is related to transmit information such as remote communication systems. The term
includes systems of the two categories. The UNESCO defined the IT as the application of electronic
technology including the computer and satellites and other advanced technologies that produce,
save, retrieve, disseminate and transfer analogical and digital information.
43
The operational definition of IT is the technology used in the educational field such as the computer and the internet in order to save, process and retrieve information at any time and at any place.
The Negative Use of IT :
It goes without saying that the Government provides the state-of-the art IT with a view to promote
learning and improve the faculties of students. Unfortunately some students misuse and abuse or
destroy those facilities. On the other hand the family purchases a lot of modern technology for their
children whether for entertainment or learning but this may lead to the “Electronic Addiction” syndrome and may lead to acquiring undesired behavior, deteriorating family ties and causing other
social hazards. For instance:
- Mobiles have become a channel to communicate silly jokes and indecent messages between sexes
- TV has become a stage to exhibit fashions or transmit programs that are void of good purposes
- The computer has become a device to transmit ugly songs and graceless content besides porno sites
Everything useful has become misused and abused so much so that such devices have become
mixed bless.
Entertainment windows are automatically opened to show pornography sites without any control,
“Chat” has become a meeting point for the young of both sexes and the messenger has turned surfers
into net addicts.
44
The Research Methodological Procedures :
Research Population and Limitations :
The study has been conducted on 650 students of the first, second and third preparatory grades
at Khalid Bin AlWaleed Independent Preparatory School for Boys during the first semester of school
year 2012/2013.
Study Sample :
We chose a number of 65 students (10%) of the study population in addition to administrative and
teaching committees and parents.
Study Methodology and Research Tools :
We used the descriptive, analytical methodology in our research because it is suitable for the research topic.
To answer the research questions, we prepared the following two tools:
1 - An interview with some students and teachers.
2 - A questionnaire for students, and another one for specialized teachers.
Study Hypotheses :
1 - The negative effects of technology are attributed to the absence or the weak control.
2 - The negative effects of technology are attributed to the family’s lack of awareness.
3 - The negative effects of technology are attributed to bad friends.
4 - The negative effects of technology are attributed to the free time for the youth.
5 - The negative effects of technology are attributed to the weak religious sanction and lack of awareness.
6 - The negative effects of technology are attributed to the excessive financial luxury.
45
Interview
Do students benefit from technological devices at school?
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
What are the reasons that make some students misuse information technology?
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Did the school come up with effective plans to face this phenomenon?
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
What do you think is the solution to this phenomenon?
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
What are your suggestions to make students use information technology positively?
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
46
Students Data Analysis
Name (Optional): ……………………………….
Dear student; please read the next questionnaire points carefully and answer them very accurately
in order to address the reasons leading to the misuse of information technology and to find solutions
for this problem within a scientific research entitled: “Misuse of Information Technology”.
No
Point
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
1
Using electronic devices is important to you.
52
10
3
2
The constant access to internet is a reason for misusing technology.
40
3
22
3
Technology has a negative impact on educational achievement.
3
5
57
4
Weak control is a reason for misusing information technology.
34
6
25
5
Lack of family awareness is a reason for misusing information technology.
49
7
9
6
Having bad friends is one of the factors for misusing information technology.
51
2
12
7
The excessive use is the reason for misusing technology.
37
12
16
8
The increase of your free time is a reason for misusing information technology.
44
1
20
9
The easy access to modern devices leads to misusing them.
42
6
17
10
The lack of religious sanction for some individuals makes
them misuse technology.
53
5
7
Other reasons you find relevant :
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Suggestions that make you want to study grammatical rules :
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
47
The results of a questionnaire students
The questionnaire conclusions are illustrated in the following chart :
60
50
40
30
Agree
20
Neutral
Disagree
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 - Using electronic devices is important to you.
2 - The constant access to internet is a reason for
misusing technology.
3 - Technology has a negative impact on educational achievement.
4 - Weak control is a reason for misusing information technology.
5 - Lack of family awareness is a reason for misusing information technology.
48
7
8
9
10
6 - Having bad friends is one of the factors for
misusing information technology.
7 - The excessive use is the reason for misusing
technology.
8 - The increase of your free time is a reason for
9 - The easy access to modern devices leads to
misusing them.
10 - The lack of religious sanction for some individuals makes them misuse technology.
The chart gives us the following conclusions :
- Most sample students related the misuse of information technology to the lack of religious sanction;
78% -item 10- agreed that the lack of religious sanction for some individuals made them misuse
information technology. Meanwhile, most of the students -80%- confirmed the need to use technological devices, and more than 78% of them rejected the statement that technology affects their
educational achievement.
- Over 78% of students -in item 6- agreed that having bad friends is one of the factors leading to the
misuse of information technology.
- More than 75% of the sample found that the family’s lack of awareness is one of the reasons for the
misuse of information technology.
- Additionally, 67% of the sample thought that the easy access to modern devices due to financial
luxury is one of the reasons for this phenomenon.
49
Teachers Data Analysis
Dear teacher; please read the next questionnaire items carefully and answer them very accurately
for this problem within a scientific research entitled: “Misuse of Information Technology”
No
Point
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
1
Students have the ability to use modern technological devices.
8
1
3
2
Most students misuse technology.
11
0
1
3
The lack of interest in learning for most students leads to
9
1
2
4
The lack of control leads to misusing technology in classrooms.
7
2
3
5
The lack of awareness programs leads to misusing information technology.
4
3
5
6
The weak activities lead the student to misuse technology.
3
0
9
7
The lack of employment of students’ capabilities is a reason for misusing technology.
5
0
7
8
Information technology has no value, and it is a waste of
time.
0
1
11
9
Teachers teach youths the morals to using technology.
8
2
2
10
The strictness of control makes students misuse technology.
4
3
5
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
50
The results of a questionnaire teachers
12
10
8
6
Agree
4
Neutral
Disagree
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 - Students have the ability to use modern
technological devices.
6 - The weak activities lead the student to misuse technology.
2 - Most students misuse technology.
7 - The lack of employment of students’ capabilities is a reason for misusing technology.
3 - The lack of interest in learning for most students leads to misusing information technology.
8 - Information technology has no value, and it
is a waste of time.
4 - The lack of control leads to misusing technology in classrooms.
9 - Teachers teach youths the morals to using
technology.
5 - The lack of awareness programs leads to
10 - The strictness of control makes students
misuse technology.
51
- We notice that more than 91% of the teacher sample indicated to the value of employing information technology in teaching -item 8- while the same percentage decided that most students misuse
technology -item 2.
- Yet, 75% thought the reason is the lack of interest for some students -item 3.
- Meanwhile, 66% -item 9- thought that some teachers do not teach youth the morals of using technology and also that the lack of control by the school is one of the reasons for misusing technology; and
75% teachers disagreed that the lack of student activities could be one of the reasons for misusing
technology.
52
Results of the search
Dear parent; please read the next questionnaire points carefully and answer them very accurately
for this problem within a scientific research entitled: “Misuse of Information Technology”.
No
Point
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
1
My son is able to use modern technological devices.
50
7
8
2
My son misuses technology.
35
10
20
3
I provide my son with the necessary money to buy modern technological devices.
37
9
19
4
I taught my son the morals of using technology.
34
6
25
5
The media is one of the reasons for misusing technology.
40
7
18
6
Some parents’ lack of knowledge in electronics is a reason for misusing technology.
48
2
15
7
The lack of wise control leads to misusing technology.
30
10
25
8
The strict control on technology for sons made them
misuse technology.
20
10
35
9
Sons misuse technology because parents are busy with
other things.
45
6
14
10
The sons’ free time leads them to misuse technology.
55
5
5
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
53
60
50
40
30
Agree
20
Neutral
Disagree
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
1 - My son is able to use modern technological
devices.
6 - Some parents’ lack of knowledge in electronics is a reason for misusing technology.
2 - My son misuses technology.
7 - The lack of wise control leads to misusing
technology.
3 - I provide my son with the necessary money
to buy modern technological devices.
4 - I taught my son the morals of using technology.
5 - The media is one of the reasons for misusing technology.
54
7
8 - The strict control on technology for sons
made them misuse technology.
9 - Sons misuse technology because parents are
busy with other things.
10 - The sons’ free time leads them to misuse
technology.technology.
- Analyzing the parents’ questionnaire shows that 94% of the sample confirmed that free time is one
of the most important reasons for misusing technology -item 10.
- Meanwhile, 73% agree with item 6 about the parents’ lack of knowledge in technology, and 69%
-item 9-said the reason is that parents are busy at work away from their children.
- Moreover, parents confirmed that the media and the extra luxury in addition to the weak control
are some of the reason for misuse of technology.
55
The general conclusions of the research :
Addressing the results and questionnaires analysis, we reached the following:
- Many students know how to handle modern devices.
- According to the questionnaires, many students own modern devices such as computers, smartphones, and electronic games; and most of them misuse them.
- The lack of religious sanction for some students – according to the students’ questionnaire- is one
of the most significant reasons for misusing information technology.
- One of the most important aspects for misusing information technology is having bad friends.
- Most students and parents agreed that the family’s lack of awareness is one of the reasons for misusing information technology.
- Students and also parents agreed that the increase of students’ free time and lack of awareness programs are the leading factors for misusing information technology.
- Financial luxury and easy access to devices are also of the reasons for misusing information technology.
- Some family’s lack of technological knowledge, as well as the fact that parents are busy at work lead
students to consider electronic devices as teachers and caretakers without supervision or guidance.
- On the other hand the parents’ strictness in dealing with information technology made children
misuse it away from them.
- Misusing technology creates barriers between family members, and it is one of the most important
reasons for the weak family ties. It has a negative impact on the children’s attitude toward violence
when dealing with others, and it makes them distant from our Islamic and social genuine heritage.
- In our opinion, one of the most important conclusions is that many students are able to handle most
modern electronic devices. We even see that some of them reach a professional degree without using these abilities at home or school.
56
Recommendation and Proposals :
1 - Students must strengthen their religious sanction and fear of God at home and school in order for
them to use technology according to their religion and life.
2 - There should be wise control by parents at home and at school, and students should be taught the
morals of dealing with modern devices and using them positively.
3 - Schools should increase awareness programs and classroom activities that focus on using the students’ abilities positively and making them able to express their opinions and know right from
wrong.
4 - Students should benefit from the electronic teaching gates provided by the Supreme Council.
Teachers should be trained on using these gates in training students. Additionally, teachers must
give students non-classroom assignments, and students should do their homework and researches
using this technology.
5 - Allocate financial rewards by the school to the students who use technology positively and deal
with internet sites. Then the school should choose the best of these students as an ideal student.
6 - Schools should communicate with parents, direct them, and spread the culture of positive use of
information technology and its benefit to students under their supervision.
7 - Activate the role of media and explain the harm resulting from using computers for long hours,
and focus on technological content instead of mere provision of novel devices.
8 - Rehabilitate youth to use technology positively and employ it in serving their abilities and ambitions instead of denying them access to it.
9 - Apply the policy of behavior at school in an effective and strict manner because damaging school
devices is a first degree violation.
- Zainab Ameen (2002): Problems of the technology of teaching, Egypt, DAR Al-huda FOR Publishing
and Distribution.
- Adel Sultan (2005): Teaching and learning technology, Kuwait, Al-Falah Library.
- Mahmoud Taimour Mahmoud Alam (1997) Computers and Communication Technology, Egypt,
Dar Al-Shurouq.
- Nick Packard and Phil Riese (2003): Employment information technology at school, Cairo, Dar Al
Farouk Publishing & Distribution.
- Afnan Nadheer (1999): Teacher’s role in the internet age and remote learning, scientific educational magazine, ninth volume, December.
- http://alzokary.ahlamotada.com/t68-topic.
57
The Impact of Family Problems
On Academic and Behavioral Achievemant
Prepared by :
AbdulRahman Ahmad Al-Kawwari
AbdulRahman Majed Al-Kawwari
Sa’ud Naser Al-Manna’i
Supervised by :
Basem Taleb Al-Khawaldeh
58
Al Razi
Intermediate
Independent
Boys’ School
Summary :
This research addresses the very important topic of home environment
and the big role it plays in the student’s scientific and educational life.
This environment is not less important than that of the school; it can have
a positive or negative impact on the academic level of the student and his
eagerness for learning.
The goal of this research is to identify to which level academic and behavioral education is influenced by home environment. Therefore this
study employed a questionnaire (which consists of eleven Yes/No questions) and another questionnaire consisting of ten statements (which answers are: Always, Often, Rarely, Never). The questionnaire was given to a
random group of 20 7th grade students from Al-Razi School.
The analysis of the results met the goal of the research which focuses on
the extent to which academic and behavioral education of the student is
influenced by the environment at home.
59
Table of Contents
No
60
Research Elements
Page Number
1
Introduction
61
2
Research Importance
61
3
Research Tool
62
4
Methodology
62
5
Personal interviews with teaching staff members
63
6
Statistical Analysis
64
7
67
8
Suggestions and Recommendations
68
9
References
69
Introduction
Al-Razi Independent Secondary School for Boys is careful to deliver quality
education and suitable lessons to students through the most elegant methods
and classroom services. This led to a great improvement of the students’ academic and behavioral level. The school also focused on communication with
parents in order to study the status of students from all angles inside and outside
the classroom to enable them to achieve an advanced level of learning. Therefore, this study is meant to discuss the eagerness level of students for education
in light of home problems within the State of Qatar.
Research Problem :
The research problem stems from how the student’s eagerness and results are affected by
house disputes. It offers solutions to these conflicts to help the student focus in classroom and
comprehend lessons.
Research Question :
To what level the student’s eagerness and results are affected by conflicts at home?
Research Importance :
The importance of the research emanates from the importance of its subject. It is hoped that
the research contributes to improving the level of teaching at schools or in Qatar in order to
produce an informed and educated nation. This can make next generations of students proud
in an environment which has eagerness and willingness at the axis of the educational process.
Previous Studies and Research :
We could not obtain a study on the phenomenon of home disputes and their influence on
the academic and behavioral education whether at governmental or independent schools in
Qatar. Instead, we came across a few studies related to some classroom problems such as sleeping during lesson and else.
61
Operational Defnitions :
Home disputes and their influence on academic and behavioral education at schools are the
problems that take place at home and have a negative impact of the student’s educational and
moral life.
Research Limitations :
- Time limitation: The study was conducted during the first semester of school year of 20122013.
- Location Limitations: the study is limited to Al-Razi Independent Secondary School for Boys.
Research Society :
The society of this research consists of the students of the Al-Razi Independent Secondary
School for Boys.
Research Sample :
The research sample consists of selected (20) 7th grade/2 students at the school.
Research Tool :
The research employed a (10-item) questionnaire (containing four answer options( Always,
Often, Rarely, Never), and another questionnaire containing 11 (Yes/No ) questions. These
two questionnaires were distributed to (20) students from 7th Grade/2. The validity and suitability of the tool and clarity of its paragraphs were judged by the teacher supervising the
research and a group of teachers and students. This process led to omitting, modification, addition or merging some items.
Methodology :
The study employed the descriptive methodology which describes and analyzes the phenomenon as it is in reality through data and information collection (by describing the phenomenon
and identifying its characteristics) or quantitatively (through quantitative data which highlight
the phenomenon) and collecting data, analyzing, and reaching conclusions.
62
Personal interviews with teaching staff members :
‫ـ‬A number of teachers were interviewed and asked about this phenomenon (the impact of
house conflicts at the student’s eagerness and marks):
Q 1) Can you define the phenomenon of house conflicts and its effect?
A 1) They are the spousal or family problems resulting from disagreements at home.
Q 2) Do house conflicts have an impact on the student’s life?
A 2) Yes, the have an impact, they cause scars in the student’s life.
Q 3) Do you think that communication with parents has an influence on the student’s life from this angle?
A 2) Yes, it leaves traces on his personality.
63
Statistical Analysis :
Students finally analyzed the data they gathered from the participants. Then they presented
the answers in descending order to shed light on underachieving students who have house
conflicts. The aim is to find suitable solutions for this phenomenon which has an impact of the
student’s academic education.
The following table shows the number of students whose answer was “YES”
NO
64
Questions
No.Students
1
Are teachers considerate with the students who suffer from house conflicts?
7
2
Do you prefer leniency with the students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
7
3
Is it possible to give additional lessons without the presence of the students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
9
4
Is the presence of the students who lag behind in their studies due to
family problems better than their absence during lesson in class? 4
5
Is it possible for the students who lag behind in their studies due to
family problems to benefit from the teacher’s instruction using the
advice method?
6
6
Do teachers use the advice method on the same levels?
10
7
Do the students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems feel comfortable for being advised during class?
6
8
Does using the advice and guidance method attract the attention of
the students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
12
9
Does the teacher play a role in solving house problems of a student
who lag behind in his studies due to family problems?
11
10
Does the teacher offer guidance to the students who lag behind in
their studies due to family problems during the lesson?
11
11
Is merging communication with parent and providing advice better?
5
The following table shows the number of students whose answer was “NO”
NO
Content
No.Students
1
Are teachers considerate with the students who suffer from house conflicts?
11
2
- Do you prefer leniency with the students who lag behind in their
studies due to family problems?
3
3
- Is it possible to give additional lessons without the presence of the
students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
16
4
- Is the presence of the students who lag behind in their studies
due to family problems better than their absence during lesson in
class? 5
5
- Is it possible for the students who lag behind in their studies due
to family problems to benefit from the teacher’s instruction using
the advice method?
5
6
- Do teachers use the advice method on the same levels?
14
7
- Do the students who lag behind in their studies due to family
problems feel comfortable for being advised during class?
5
8
- Is using the advice and guidance method attracts the attention
of the students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
5
9
- Does the teacher play a role in solving house problems of a student who lags behind in his studies due to family problems?
13
10
- Does the teacher offer guidance to the students who lag behind
in their studies due to family problems during the lesson?
9
11
- Is merging communication with parent and providing advice better?
6
65
Second Section of this Questionnaire
66
NO
Question
Always
Often
Rarely
Never
1
- Do you like the teacher who uses the advice
and guidance method in the teaching process
of the students who lag behind in their studies
due to family problems?
1
2
2
2
2
- Is it helpful to communicate with the parents
in order to raise the level of the students who
lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
3
2
2
2
3
- Does your family use the advice and guidance
method as an educational method?
3
2
3
2
4
- Do you like applying the communication
method with the parents for all lessons for the
students who lag behind in their studies due to
family problems?
1
1
3
2
5
- Is lesson become boring without using a
method to help student who lag behind in
their studies due to family problems?
1
1
2
2
6
- Does the teacher offer in-class activities related to helping the students who lag behind in
2
3
3
5
7
- Do you think that the environment at home
is the source of the problem for the students
who lag behind in their studies due to family
problems?
2
2
1
1
8
- Does classroom environment play a role in
helping the students who lag behind in their
1
2
2
3
9
- Does the student get bored of the helping
method used with the students who lag behind
in their studies due to family problems?
1
2
1
2
10
- Is there non-classroom activities that meet the
needs of the students who lag behind in their
5
3
1
2
6
5
4
3
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 - Do you like the teacher who uses the advice and guidance method in the teaching process
of the students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
2 - Is it helpful to communicate with the parents in order to raise the level of the students who
lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
3 - Does your family use the advice and guidance method as an educational method?
4 - Do you like applying the communication method with the parents for all lessons for the
students who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
5 - Is lesson become boring without using a method to help student who lag behind in their
6 - Does the teacher offer in-class activities related to helping the students who lag behind in
67
7 - Do you think that the environment at home is the source of the problem for the students
who lag behind in their studies due to family problems?
8 - Does classroom environment play a role in helping the students who lag behind in their
9 - Does the student get bored of the helping method used with the students who lag behind in
10 - Is there non-classroom activities that meet the needs of the students who lag behind in their
Results :
After studying and examining the phenomenon and analyzing the questionnaire administered to the students of 7th Grade/2 of Al-Razi Independent Secondary School for Boys, it
was concluded that a large number of students prefer using advice and guidance method and
putting plans for the students who are not doing well in their studies due to family problems
inside the classroom, as well as communicating with the parents to deal with the students’ problem on the behavioral level and the academic education because the student is the axis of the
education process. Also using the guidance and advice method attracts the student’s attention
for those who have certain lacking at specific aspects due to family problems. In addition, the
guidance and advice method eliminates boredom in classroom.
Suggestions and Recommendations :
- Activate the classroom committee such as sitting with the student and talking to him about
home-related issues and family problems.
- Help solve the student’s problem and enable him to discover himself.
- Encourage the student morally in front of his peers during morning assembly indirectly and
mention stories about some people who had problems and solved them to become scientists.
- Assign one of the students to explain the best method in dealing with family problems.
- Clarify religion’s stance toward family problems.
- Communicate with parents.
- Add specific lessons to guide the students who have this issue.
68
References
1 - Ahmad Ismaeel Haja, from Management of Teaching and Learning Environments and
Behavior in Classroom and School.
2 - Dr. Ahmad Bin AbdulRahman Al-Qadi, Spousal Disputes: Reasons and Treatment.
69
Mainstreaming (Inclusiveness)
in Independent Schools
Prepared by :
Jawaher Khaled Al-Maliki
Dana Aref Al-Sa’di
Fatimah Ghanem Al-Shayb
70
Supervised by :
Munirah Mohammed Al-Adhbah
Head of Teaching Resources Center
Moza bint Mohammed Independent
Primary School for Girls
Summary :
This study aimed to :
1 - Identify how successful the Mainstreaming method is in independent
schools.
2 - Determine whether or not independent school teachers accepted this
system.
3 - Improve performance of special needs students through the Mainstreaming process.
Based on the findings of this study the following recommendations are presented :
1 - Clarify the policy of the Mainstreaming method and the approved programs, and disseminate them to school teachers.
2 - Offer educational courses to teachers about the various disabilities and
how to deal with disabled children and the programs to be followed.
3 - Provide employees specialized in special education to categorize the
cases of special needs students and monitor them individually.
4 - Fully classify disabilities and identify their programs and monitor them
through specialized physicians, psychiatrists, and educationists, not
only one side.
71
Table of Contents
No.
72
Research Elements
Page No.
1
Dedication
73
2
Introduction
74
3
Research Importance
75
4
75
5
Previous Studies
75
6
Data Analysis
78
7
Result Analysis Chart
80
8
81
9
References
82
10
Appendix
83
To Independent School Principals.
To Education Leaders.
To All Those Concerned With Educating
The Children of this Country.
To The Special needs Children.
We Dedicate this To All Those Mentioned
Above Praying to God to Guide Them to the
Good and Wise Path For ABetter Future.
73
Introduction
Like many other countries elsewhere in the world, the Gulf countries became recently
more concerned with those with special needs and their services. The position toward those
with special needs has changed, whether on the level of decision makers or the public.
Including those with special needs in society is considered one of the advanced steps; it
also became an essential goal by the various rehabilitation programs to develop this segment of society.
The Inclusiveness method means providing all services and care to those with special
needs in an environment away from isolation, such as a normal classroom at a normal
school or at a special classroom at a normal school, or in what is called a resources room,
which offers its services to those with special needs for some time. Moreover, we should not
forget that Inclusiveness has scientific and educational terms and conditions that must be
available before, during, and after it is applied. Although there are oppositions, the Inclusiveness became an incessant educational case in the field of special education. Yet, perhaps
all oppositions mostly fear that the principle of Inclusiveness will deprive those with special
needs from the special educational, psychiatric, social facilities and care or the other means
of aide.
However, in order for service providers to assure the success of the Inclusiveness and of
its acceptance by the public or by decision makers, it is necessary to examine the obstacles
and needs, then have precise planning for a group of programs that prepare for the Inclusiveness process.
We have chosen this subject in order to identify the negative impacts of this teaching
method and come up with some future solutions to offer better education for those with
special needs.
This research is divided into several sections, with which we begin to identify the study’s
importance and goals. Then, we deal with the hypotheses and data collection tool and
analysis in order to reach conclusions and end with the recommendations to be considered
in future.
74
Research Importance
- Shed light on the Inclusiveness method and its negative impacts in educating those with special
needs.
Research Goals :
1 - Identify how successful the Inclusiveness method is in independent schools.
2 - Determine whether or not independent school teachers accepted this system.
3 - Improve performance of those with special needs through the Inclusiveness process.
Research Problem (Study)
The negative impacts of Inclusiveness on those with special needs in education at the independent
schools in Qatar
A questionnaire was used (see Annex 2) to gather data from a sample of 57 teachers from Moza
bint Mohammed Independent Primary School for Girls.
Study Terms :
1 - Inclusiveness (Mainstreaming):
The definition of Inclusiveness points to teaching special needs children at schools and general
education classrooms with their normal peers. They will be given a natural environment and offered
special education and support services in order to rid them of their isolation from society by being
in special schools.
Previous Studies :
1 - A study by (Dr. Eman Fuad Kashef and Dr. AbdulSabur Mohammed) “A corrective study for trial
of Inclusiveness special needs children with normal children at regular schools at Al-Sharqiyyah
Governorate”: The goal of the study was to identify the extent of success or failure of the experiment of Inclusiveness special needs children with normal children at regular primary schools at
Al-Sharqiyyah Governorate, and uncover the positive and negative aspects to this experiment.
The study sample consisted of (76) parents of normal children, (75) parents of special needs children, 83 normal children from fourth and fifth elementary grades, and (71) teachers teaching at the
schools in which the experiment was carried out.
A number of tools were prepared, including a data form about the schools at which the experiment was carried out, a questionnaire to know the opinions of those responsible for the educational
process, a questionnaire to know the opinions of normal children toward the Inclusiveness, and a
questionnaire to know the views of parents of special needs children toward the Inclusiveness.
75
Study Results :
- The Inclusiveness which actually exists is partial, does not exceed the presence of special needs
children with normal children at the same school but with total separation in classes and activities.
- The most important positive aspects of the experiment is to transfer the service to the location of
special needs children and encourage parents to enroll their special needs children in schools, not
isolate them from society. Negative aspects: lack of specialists and normal children learn some abnormal behaviors from special needs children.
- Rejection of those responsible for the educational process at the school at which the experiment was
carried out, claiming that there is no clear goal and no proper preparation to make the experiment
successful.
- The parents of normal children refuse to have special needs children in school with their children.
- The parents of special needs children refuse to merge their special needs children with normal children, justifying that special needs children receive better care at special education institutes due to
the presence of specialists and low number of students.
- Normal children reject the presence of special needs children with them at school, and they prefer
to isolate those children away from them.
2 - Study of Prof. Fayzah Ahmad Darwish – head of special education section at the Rumailah Hospital: Teachers approaches toward Inclusiveness special needs children
at normal schools.
The goal of the study was to identify how teachers of the three teaching stages (primary – elementary – secondary) feel toward Inclusiveness or non-Inclusiveness of multi-disability students in normal
schools in the state of Qatar, then make the recommendations and suggestions that aim at designing
programs which contribute to increasing the efficiency of teachers and improve the performance
level of multi-disability student.
The Study also tested the following hypotheses :
1 - There are no differences in teachers’ approaches toward multi-disability students who were merged
in normal schools.
2 - There are no statistical differences in the teachers’ approaches toward accepting or rejecting
multi-disability students who were merged in normal schools.
3 - There are no statistical differences in the teachers’ approaches toward the educational methods
with the multi-disability students in normal schools.
4 - There are no statistical differences in the teachers’ approaches due to years of experience toward
the Inclusiveness policy.
5 - There are no statistical differences in the teachers’ approaches due to gender toward the Inclusiveness policy.
6 - There are no statistical differences in the teachers’ approaches due to citizenship differences towards the Inclusiveness policy.
76
The study sample consisted of (228) teachers of three teaching stages (primary – elementary – secondary) at Ministry of Education, 26 multi-disability boys and (12) multi-disability girls,( 21 )boy-andgirl students who joined a training and educational program in early childhood stage at the special
education section at the Rumailah Hospital before Inclusiveness with normal schools. The age level
of the sample was 14 years and 7 months. A questionnaire (prepared by the researcher) to measure
the teachers’ approach toward Inclusiveness or non-Inclusiveness of the multi-disability children in
normal schools was used. The questionnaire contained (75) questions at three levels (Mostly, Sometimes, Rarely).
Research results :
1 - There are statistical differences in teachers’ approaches toward multi-disability students who were
merged in normal schools; the approaches were positive toward the multi-disability students who
were merged in normal schools.
2 - There are statistical differences in teachers’ approaches toward accepting or rejecting the Inclusiveness of multi-disability students in normal schools. The approaches toward acceptance were
higher than toward rejection.
3 - There are statistical differences in teachers’ approaches toward the use of educational methods
with multi-disability students in normal schools. These approaches are in favor of the teachers who
use educational methods with multi-disability students.
4 - There are no statistical differences in teachers’ approaches due to years of experience toward the
Inclusiveness policy because the results did not show impact of experience years at the Inclusiveness policy.
5 - There are statistical differences in teachers’ approaches due to gender differences towards the
Inclusiveness policy; they were in favor of male students.
6 - There are no statistical differences in teachers’ approaches due to citizenship differences towards
the Inclusiveness policy. The results were independent of the nationality of the respondents.
77
Data Analysis
The data analysis reached the following :
No
Question
Yes
No
I do not Know
1
I am of those who support the Inclusiveness process.
30
26
1
2
Inclusiveness has negative impacts on special needs students.
20
32
5
3
Teachers of special needs students in Qatar are highly
qualified.
19
9
29
4
Teaching special needs children in Qatar covers all categories of “age, type of disability and gender”.
31
6
20
5
Inclusiveness is considerate toward individual difference
of normal students and those with special needs.
35
19
3
6
There are teachers with knowledge of the teaching specifications of those with special needs considering individual differences between them.
29
15
13
7
Special needs students are happy with the Inclusiveness.
28
5
24
8
There is big cooperation between normal students and
those with special needs in the education process.
39
12
6
The analysis of the questionnaire shows the following :
1 - There is a close percentage between those who agree and those who do not agree with the Inclusiveness method at schools. It could be because this method is new for education in general.
However, there was one neutral person who did not give his opinion.
2 - A number of (32) teachers agreed that the Inclusiveness method does not have a negative impact
on special needs students, whereas (20) others found that the Inclusiveness has a negative impact
on them, and (5) of them had a neutral opinion.
3 - A number of 19 teachers said the teachers of special needs students are highly qualified, while 9
others did not agree, and( 29) had no idea in this regard.
4 - A number of (31) teachers showed their consent that educating special needs children in Qatar
includes all categories (age, type of disability, and gender), yet,( 6) teachers see otherwise and
(20) others were reticent because they do not know about it.
78
5 - A number of (35) teachers stated that the Inclusiveness considers individual differences of normal
students as well as those with special needs, thus (19) teachers did not think so, and (3) others
had no idea.
6 - Whether there are teachers with knowledge on how to educate special needs students, (29) teachers supported this statement, while (15) teachers thought that this aspect was wanting, and (13)
others had no information on this matter.
7 - Of those who took part in the study, (28) teachers said that special needs students are happy with
the Inclusiveness, while 5 teachers thought otherwise and (24) others only said they have no opinion in this regard.
8 - A number of (39) teachers said there is big cooperation between normal students and those with
special needs in the educational process, whereas (12) teachers though they do not see this cooperation and 6 others said they have no idea about it.
79
Result Analysis Chart
45
40
35
30
25
20
Yes
No
I don’t know
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 - I am of those who support the Inclusiveness process.
2 - Inclusiveness has negative impacts on special needs students.
3 - Teachers of special needs students in Qatar are highly qualified.
4 - Teaching special needs children in Qatar covers all categories of “age, type of disability and
gender”.
5 - Inclusiveness is considerate toward individual difference of normal students and those with
special needs.
6 - There are teachers with knowledge of the teaching specifications of those with special needs
considering individual differences between them.
7 - Special needs students are happy with the Inclusiveness.
8 - There is big cooperation between normal students and those with special needs in the education process.
80
Results :
1 - The Inclusiveness method is not properly activated because the teachers’ goals and policies within
schools are unclear
2 - There are no specialized teachers to classify these cases and follow them up individually.
3 - The teaching faculty does not accept this method of teaching because they do not know its importance and goals and how to deal with special needs students.
4 - A very low number of additional support section employees have high educational qualifications
to follow up the special needs students, as these employees have high school degrees only.
5 - A variety of disabilities have no specific programs, and this has a negative effect at the Inclusiveness
process toward its goal properly.
Recommendations :
1 - Clarify the Inclusiveness policy and the adopted programs, and circulate them to school teachers.
2 - Hold educational courses for teachers about the various disabilities and how to handle them, as
well as the programs to be followed.
3 - Hire employees who are specialized in special education in order to classify the cases of special
needs students individually.
4 - Comprehensively classify disabilities and identify the programs which should be followed up by
physical, psychiatric and educational specialists not one specialty only.
81
List of Sources and References
Books :
1 - Mariam Saleh Al-Ashqar – Inclusiveness Those With Special Needs in Society, Doha, Qatar: The
Social Cultural Center – 2003.
2 - Raja Abu-Ashqar – Special Needs Children and Youths – Beirut: Dar El Ilm Lilmalayin – 1st Print
– 2008.
3 - Mustafa Noor Al-Qamsh – Multi Disabilities – Amman – 1st Print – 2011.
Internet Pages :
1- http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa
2- http://www.gulfkids.com
82
Appendix
Questionnaire on The Inclusiveness Methods in Qatar’s Schools
Name : ...................................................................... Job Title :...............................................................
School Name : ..........................................................................................................................................
Inclusiveness gives a chance to special needs students to interact with society. Inclusiveness also
aims at tackling special education needs within the frame of society they live in. As a result, a team
of students from Moza bint Mohammed Independent Primary School for Girls studied this topic to
identify with the aspects that need improvement and development in the Inclusiveness method at
independent schools.
Therefore, please be cooperative with us.
No.
Question
1
I agree with the Inclusiveness process.
2
Inclusiveness has negative impacts on those with special
needs.
3
Teachers of special needs students in Qatar are highly
qualified.
4
Teaching special needs students is includes all categories
of ‘age, type of disability and gender’.
5
Inclusiveness considers individual differences among normal students and those with special needs.
6
There are teachers with knowledge of teaching special
needs children considering their individual differences.
7
Special needs students are happy with the Inclusiveness.
8
There is big coordination between normal students and
those with special needs within the teaching process.
Yes
No
Do Not Know
83
Care to the Elderly
between the Ungratefulness of Children
and the Integrative Care System in the
State of Qatar- An Exploratory Study
Umm H
akeem
Prepared by :
Sara Ali
Lina Ayman
Manar Yasri
84
Supervised by :
Nashwa Sa’ad
Indepe
ndent S
chool f
or Girl
s
Summary :
This study aims at shedding light on the aging people, their problems
and characteristics and the forms of care extended to them. The study employed the descriptive methodology. A questionnaire was administered to
a sample of 20 aging persons half of them resides in the Qatar Foundation
for Elderly People Care, while the other half lives with the family. Interviews were conducted with 10 officers of the Qatar Foundation for Elderly
People Care, Rumaila hospital, Ministry of Social Affairs and relatives of
the elderly. The study arrived at a number of findings most prominent
among which were strengthening the relationship between the elderly
and members of family and deepening interaction with the surrounding
society together with giving the elderly independence in personal life and
giving him/her the opportunity to make new friendships as alternative
to losing spouse and old friends. The study also recommended showing
respect to the elderly, soliciting their advice and involving them in family
affairs so that they feel they are important.
85
Table of Contents
No.
86
Research Elements
Page No.
1
87
2
Introduction
88
3
Statement of the Problem
89
4
Theoretical Framework
90
5
The Elderly in Qatar
93
6
Empirical Data Presentation and Analysis
97
7
A chart of the analysis of the results of the questionnaire
101
8
Analysis of Data gathered from the Interview
103
9
Recommendations
105
10
References
106
We would like to thank all those who encouraged and helped us to conduct this research
We thank our parents for the great effort they
exerted
We are grateful to our school for the resources
it provided
Thanks should go to the State of Qatar for the
huge resources that it makes available
We are grateful to our respected teacher/ Nashwa Saad Ahmad – The supervisor of Scientific Research and the teacher in charge of Learning Resources in Umm Hakeem Independent School for
Girls
Thanks are extended to all those who helped in
preparing this study namely the officers, specialists
and coordinators
All Praise is to Allah Who orders that aging parents should be taken care of as they took care of us
when we were young
87
Introduction
Aging people have become a considerable percentage in the society. In some countries
this percentage amounts to 20% and is fast increasing due to the advancement in healthcare
and technology. According to some statistics the number of the elderly increases by 100000
persons per month and may reach 1171 million in 2025. Therefore aging has become one
of the critical problems that face modern societies. The United Nations designated 1982
as the International Year for the Elderly in order to discuss and focus on the affairs of the
elderly and treat their problems and urge care giving to them in all domains. And the first
of October every year has been designated as the International Day for the Elderly while
The Arabic Day for the elderly is the twenty fifth of September every year.
With the fast increase in the number of the elderly and the highlighting of their cause the
need has arisen to establish foundations for them and to enact laws and legislations to maintain their rights and provide decent lives to them. Hence is the establishment of the Qatar
Foundation for Elderly People Care and the Department of the Elderly at the Ministry of
Social Affairs in addition to the other facilities and forms of care that are extended to them.
These developments come within the context of Qatar Vision 2030 which aims among other
things to have a healthy society. In Qatar the number of the elderly may reach 109000 in
2025 representing 12% of the number of people.
Aims of the Research
- To shed light on the elderly, their characteristic and problems
- To shed light on the forms of care given to the elderly
- To draw the attention of the society to the elderly and ways of treating them
- To highlight the role of the elderly in their capacity as human resources that can be utilized rather
than marginalized
- To determine whether the existence of the elderly at the old folk homes is a necessity or indicator
to ungratefulness of children
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it addresses the case of a category of people who lives among us and
hardly there is a home without an aging man. The members of this category have earlier contributed
a lot and dedicated their life to make needs met for their children. It is now the children’s role to
reciprocate and be grateful by treating gently those who reached a sensitive phase in their life when
88
they are hit by a lot of physiological, physical and social changes. However it is narrated that many old
people face negligence and suffer a lot of problems. Due to the changes that occurred to the Qatari
society where the number of the elderly is increasing, the cost of life is increasing as well and where
the family composition is changing it is timely to study this category of people.
From the Islamic perspective the elderly should be taken care of. It is one of the great sins to neglect them or be ungrateful to them. They are weak and Muslims are ordered to take care of the weak.
From another point of view old people are not necessarily burden but maybe viewed as a resource.
The main question :
“Is the residence of the aging people at the care establishments an indicator of care giving or an
indicator of children’s ungratefulness?
Sub Questions :
1 - What are the services that are given to the aging people in the State of Qatar?
2 - What are the establishments that extend care for the elderly in the State of Qatar?
3 - What are the role of these establishments in improving the life of the aging people in the psychological, health and social aspects?
4 - How do the services and facilities impact on the lives of the aging people?
5 - What is the role of the family in the care giving to the aging people?
Methodology
The descriptive methodology was employed to gather and analyze data on the aging people, their
characteristics and problems and the efforts exerted by the Government of Qatar to care for the old
people. Secondary sources such as books, references and websites were also visited.
Population and Sample
A questionnaire was administered to :
10 old people residing in the Elderly establishment and Alrumaila Hospital and other 10 aging
people who live among their families.
Other participants were (10) officers at the departments that take care of the elderly such as the
Qatar Foundation for Elderly People Care, Al Rumaila Hospital, the Department of the Elderly at
the Ministry of Social Affairs and a number of relatives of the elderly who were interviewed for data
gathering besides officers from the Statistics Department to get figures related to the aging people.
89
Terminology
Elder :
A person who is 60 years old or above
Ungratefulness :
Any commission or omission that hurts the parents
Integrative Care :
A number of professional services and organized activities of preventive or treatment nature that
are provided to the elderly and meet their needs and wants.
1 - Who is the elder
There is no consensus on the definition of elder. Is it a person who reached the 65 years old or
more? Is it a person who is impacted by age so much so that he becomes incapable of work or managing his affairs and becomes in need for help? Actually not everyone who reaches this age becomes an
elder as there are many people who reach this age and still have intact physical, psychological and
mental faculties while others who did not reach the said age lost those faculties.
Some divided elders into three categories: young elder, middle-aged elder and senescent.
Others define elder as a weak person who because of longevity, aging, disease, weakness and incapability, needs the help of others.
2 - Characteristics of Elders
A - Physical characteristics
Fatigue, feebleness and incapability to do same work with same expedition and sufficiency thus
feeling failure and disappointment
The loss of hearing or vision may also hit the elders thus adversely affecting their ability to communicate and interact with others and may lead to suspicion and distrust and as a consequence the
elder may prefer avoidance and solitary life.
Other characteristics include the white hair, slow motion and wrinkles
B - Mental Characteristics
Elders may suffer of forgetfulness, loss of memory, lack of recognition and identifying things and
weak capability to learn. Some may suffer senility as may be shown in repetition of speech and inability to recognize children and relatives. Intelligence deteriorates so much so that an elder may face
difficulties in adjustment and balanced reactions.
90
C - Emotional Characteristics
Physical weakness and mental deterioration may lead to fear and worries besides chronic diseases
and the impact of retirement and loss of friends all of which may end with maladjustment. As a consequence elders may find themselves in conflict with their siblings and friends as they feel they are
contesting or challenging their power.
A wise elder accepts such changes and may even consider it bless to be relieved of responsibilities
and thus may enjoy leisure time and accomplish missed hobbies.
D - Social Characteristics
Social relationships decrease to a great extent as many old friends are lost or as s/he finds it difficult to visit them. Daughters and sons may leave the home due to marriage or work and it becomes
difficult to visit them
E - Psychological Characteristics
Many elders suffer physical and psychological deterioration that accompanies the advancement of
age. As a result the elder feel that the end is quickly approaching. S/he may feel upset, perplexed or
unable to adjust.
F - Religious Characteristics
Elders may feel sense of guilt for previous sins but finds it an opportunity to renounce sin and go
back to God in repentance. Some may become haunted by those sins. Therefore they need help to
survive this phase with tranquility.
3 - Problems faced by Elders
Due to the above mentioned characteristics elders may face the following problems :
- Isolation because of loss of friends and relatives either because of death or travel and this may cause
upset and avoidance
- Feeling useless as the elder sees his/her children marry and become independent
- Becoming upset, nervous and inactive after retirement, loss of authorities and decrease of productivity and maybe becoming dependent on others
- Increasing worries and losing the peace of mind
- The adverse impact on senses and faculties as a result of advancement in age.
- Elder may be hit by some diseases such as blood pressure, sugar and weakness of bones
- Disorder in sleeping as the elder cannot sleep for long hours. S/he sleeps little & wake more hours.
4 - Care giving to Elders: The Islamic Perspective
Care giving to elders is part of the Islamic gracing of man and attaching significance to him/her.
From this perspective Islam calls to be lenient to the young and respectful to the elders.
91
From another point of view the Islamic society is supposed to have cordial brotherly/sisterly
relationship.
Filial piety includes obedience of parents, using decent language and considerate behavior with
them, showing happiness to see them, greeting them and kissing their hands and heads, respect, extending help and assistance to them, prompt response to them, avoiding inconvenience and quarrels
and arguments in their presence, reconciling parents in case of their quarrel, protecting their image
and understanding them and make their needs met.
On the other hand reciprocity is an important principle in Islam. We should be grateful for the
elders who contributed to our welfare when we were young.
Of course filial piety is an obvious aspect of care giving to elders. Filial piety comes next to the belief in God. By the same token ingratitude is associated to non belief.
On the other hand Islam strictly forbids ungratefulness and filial impiety which maybe the result of
ignorance of the rights of parents or because of effects of bad companions or the weakness of the religious sanctions. I t may also be attributed to the mistakes committed by parents such as the parental
cruel treatment of children or bias in treating their children. It could also be the function of disputes
and quarrels between the parents.
Impiety may take different forms such as using inconsiderate language with them, raising voice
against them, frowning at them, looking down at them, indifference to their talk or advice, distorting
their image and criticizing them in front of others, committing sins at home, complaining against
them and not taking care of them.
Elders in Islam should be taken care of at home. This :
- Provides warm atmosphere with a feeling of security.
- Provides natural opportunities to interact with siblings, relatives and friends.
- Provides climate to free expression of self via visits
- Confers social respect and self respect
- However all establishments of the society have role particularly the educational and media establishments. But it should be emphasized that these establishments are not substitutes to the family.
92
The Elderly in Qatar
According to the statistics of 2010 the number of elders in Qatar reached (28786) of which 18969
were males and 9917 were females.
*The establishments that give care to elders include:
1 - Rumaila Hospital
which gives care to elders since 1979. The care that it gives includes healthcare, psychological care
and rehabilitation. It works under HMC’s Department of Elders Care and Geriatrics which comprises
four sub departments two for males accommodating 30 male elders and 25 non elders, and two for
females accommodating 34 female elders and some non elders.
A multidisciplinary team works to provide specialized medical and nursing care for the elders who
cannot be taken care of at home. Every department has a physician, consultant and nurse for every
three elders. Some residents at Rumaila need intensive care because they are hit by blood clots that
made them paralyzed and handicapped. Some are allowed to return home and continue treatment
from there by the Home Care Clinic that provides care to patients at home or are transferred to the
Qatar Foundation for elderly Care where they may be seen by the clinics that are specialized in senility.
In 2012 the department organized a medical conference for elderly care in coordination with the
Middle East Society for Elderly Care which conference was attended by 70 specialists in the Psychological, medical Care and rehabilitation for elders who came from the GCCA countries, Arab and
Foreign countries.
2 - Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care (Ihsan)
Ihsan is a private social society of a ‘public interest’ nature with an independent judiciary personality that was established by HH Shaikha Moza and its articles of association were approved in 2003.
The Establishment cares for the elders and protects their social and moral rights besides providing
social support to them.
Its vision : is to provide decent life to elders.
Its mission: is to provide safe stabled life to elders within an integrative scheme that combines the
home, hospital, facilities and legislation.
Its Aims are :
1 - Providing services and care for elders at home and among their families
2 - Enlightening families to accommodate elders according to best methods
3 - Providing suitable health, social and psychological services to them
4 - Educating elders to encounter and adjust to aging problems
5 - Incorporating elders in the society
93
6 - Accommodating elders whose families cannot accommodate them or who have no families to care for them
To qualify to be admitted to the Establishment :
to be a Qatari national of 60 years age or above. There are exceptions for elders whose families
cannot care for them.
The following services are provided by the Establishment :
(Social, nursing, physical therapy, programs and activities, home care and psychological guidance).
These services are provided by a multi disciplinary team of 13 employees who cooperate to serve
the elders, provide social care, home care, physical therapy and nursing and enlighten the society via
media promotion programs.
3 - The Department of Elders and Disabled at the Ministry of Social Affairs
This Department was established by the Emiri decree no. (40) for the year 2009 which organized
the structure of the Ministry of Social Affairs. The dept:
1 - Participates in carrying out national strategies, plans and policies related to the disabled and elders
2 - Develops and carries out programs and services that are necessary to care for and rehabilitate elders and disabled in cooperation with related Government as well as non NGOs.
3 - Enlightens and educates the society on the rights of the disabled and elders and carries out training programs for people working with theses two categories in cooperation with related Government as well as non NGOs.
4 - Represents the country in regional and international conferences and events that are related to
the disabled and elders
5 - Organizes seminars, conferences and workshops to discuss issues related to the disabled and elders
94
“Amerni” (Order ME)
This is one of the most important and prominent services launched by the Government to help the
elders and disabled to apply for or to obtain services that are provided by the Ministry’s Departments
of Social Security and Housing. “Amerni” uses an electronic system that enables the seeker to identify
the address and site of the service applicant. The service itself starts after the seeker of the service
contact and submission of all data then verifying the same through a screen for this purpose. In case
of non applicable the application is turned down. If applicable the data are saved and a search for the
service seeker starts via “GIS”. A letter is sent to the officer in charge and researcher who will go to the
place of the applicant for an interview after which a letter is sent to the officer in charge that action
is taken. The data shall be saved on an electronic form and saved in the data base.
In 2009 beneficiaries of this service were 184 of them were 92 males, 48 elders and 44 disabled. In
2010 the beneficiaries were 327 of them 79 were males, 49 elders and 30 disabled.
Local Events on Elders during the last five years
The perusal of the archives of journals and websites over the last five years shows that a number of
events and activities for elders were organized:
1 - A 3 day workshop on the “Importance and Psychological Effects of Family involvement of Elders”
was conducted by the Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care in 2012
2 - A seminar on the “Elders between Hopes and Ambitions” was conducted by the Ministry of Social
Affairs in commemoration of the Arab and International Day in November 2011
3 - A professional workshop diploma in the field of social responsibility and its applications for the
elderly was conducted by the Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care in commemoration of the International Day
4 - A forum on the “Elders in the past and present” was organized by the Ministry of Social Affairs’
Department of Elders and Disabled in cooperation with Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care in
commemoration of the Arab International Day in September 2010
5 - A seminar on the “Elders and the Future Challenges” was conducted in April 2009 by the Supreme
Family Council in participation with a number of the societal establishments and Arab family
councils in the GCCA and the organizations that are concerned with the elders’ affairs.
6 - A seminar on the “Developing Methods of Elders’ Social Care” was conducted in October 2008
by the Ministry of Social Affairs
Other Activities and Programs for Elders
1 - “The Wings of Mercy” 3rd edition launched by the Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care targeting
students of form five and six in 20 schools
2 - TV flashes on the rights of elders and disabled with a view to integrate them in the society. Every
flash is for 2 minutes during which the rights of these two categories and the role of individuals are
highlighted. The flashes were transmitted on Qatar TV in January 2012 before the evening news
95
3 - “Gratefulness to the Elders” is a campaign that was launched by the Ministry of Labor’s Dept of Social Affairs in cooperation with Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care at the end of December 2012.
Under the logo “If the earth cannot bear you our eyes will” the campaign aimed at limiting the
admission of elders at the old folk homes and in their stead the home becomes their natural place.
The campaign also aimed at enlightening the new generations on the importance of the existence
of the elders at home. The same campaign was launched in 2008 targeting students of a number
of schools and ended with a play entitled “Gratefulness”.
4 - The “Bless of House” campaign was launched in cooperation between the Ministry of Social Affairs, Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care, the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs and the Supreme Educational Council in April 2010 targeting at first 2000 students in 9 independent schools
aiming at enlightening students on the importance of the existence of the elders at home and on
their roles towards elders and particularly parents.
Some privileges of elders in Qatar
- Exemption of fees on services and certificates issued by the Ministry of Interior since 2010
- Granting assistance of 2250 QR for the Qatari elder every month via the Ministry of Social Affairs’
Dept of Social Security.
- Free medical treatment at HMC
- Free residence at Old Folk Homes
- Designating special spaces to park their cars in public places (together with the disabled)
96
The Questionnaires
1 - The questionnaire of the residents of the Qatar Foundation for the Elderly Care
No
Statement
Agree
Disagree
Do not know
1
Relatives render regular visits to the residents
5
4
1
2
Residing in the Foundation/Hospital is suitable to
your situation
8
2
0
3
Officers and specialists understand the needs and
characteristics of the aging people
7
2
1
4
Care given by the Foundation/Hospital contributes
to improving your situation
9
0
1
5
I welcome the participation in the events that the
Foundation organizes
6
3
1
6
I am satisfied with the services rendered by the
Foundation/Hospital
9
1
0
7
You are visited and inquired about only occasions
4
4
2
8
There is continuous improvement in the level of
care giving
9
0
1
9
I am satisfied with the method of treatment at the
Foundation/Hospital
7
2
1
The above presentation shows :
1 - Regular visits by relatives and family members
Half of the number of respondents replied that they are regularly visited by relatives and members
of the family while 40 % replied that they are not regularly visited and 10% said that they are not
visited.
2 - Residing in the establishment/hospital is the better choice for your situation
The figures show that a vast majority (80%) prefer residing in the establishment while 20% hold
different views.
97
3 - Officers and specialists understand the needs and characteristics of the aging people
A considerable percentage of participants (70%) stated that that officers and specialists understand their needs while 20% hold different views.
4 - The care you receive at the establishment/hospital improves your situation
The overwhelming majority of participants (90%) hold that the care provided by establishment/
hospital improves their psychological and physical situation while 10% were not aware of that.
5 - I welcome participation in the events that the establishment organizes
A mild majority of respondents (60%) participate in the events that are organized by the establishment while 30% do not maybe due to their health situation which does not enable them to participate. 10% were not aware probably because of loss of memory.
6 - You are satisfied with the services rendered by the establishment/hospital
While the overwhelming majority of participants (90%) were satisfied with the services rendered
by the establishment, 10% were not.
7 - You are visited and inquired about only on occasions
While 40% of the participants replied that they were visited on occasions such as Eid and Ramadan
40% replied they were not while 10% said they had no idea.
8 - The level of rendered care is steadily improving
While the overwhelming majority of participants (90%) commended the level of care rendered by
the establishment, 10% were not aware probably due to loss of memory.
9 - You are satisfied by the way of treatment at the establishment/hospital
A sizeable majority (70%) of the participants were satisfied with the way of treatment at the establishment/hospital. By contrast 20% were not satisfied and 10% had no idea probably because of loss
of memory.
98
2 - The questionnaire of the Elderly who live with their families
No
Statement
Agree
Disagree
Do not know
1
The family provides decent residence for me
7
2
1
2
The family provides persons who take care of me
and of my personal needs
9
1
0
3
There are persons who take care of your affairs
and exchange talk with you
9
1
0
4
You are satisfied with the way and method of treatment by those who surround you
6
3
1
5
Your opinion is considered in the events and cases
that face the family
8
3
0
6
The family accompanies you in processing your
transactions or applications at the hospital
7
2
1
7
You are aware of what is going in the family
6
3
1
8
You receive some of the services and facilities rendered by the Government to the aging people
4
6
0
9
You are satisfied with the services and facilities rendered by the Government to the aging people
8
2
0
10
You prefer to sit alone away from others
4
6
0
Going by the above figure it could be concluded :
1 - The family provides decent residence for you
A sizeable majority (70%) of the participants replied that the family provides a decent residence
for him. By contrast 20% gave different reply probably due to the insufficient space, and 10% had no
idea probably because of loss of memory.
2 - The family provides people who take care of you and care for your needs
The overwhelming majority of participants (90%) replied that the family provides people who take
care of them. Conversely 10% replied “no” probably due to the inability of the family to provide such
care.
99
3 -You are satisfied with the method of treatment by those who surround you
Only a relative majority (60%) are satisfied with the method of treatment by those who surround
you while 40% held different views probably because of the generation gap.
4 - Your opinion is considered in family events and affairs
A vast majority (80%) replied that their opinion is considered probably because the aging people
are looked upon as reservoir of wisdom or because of respect. By contrast 20% replied “no” probably
because of inability to follow up the family affairs.
5 - Your family cares for processing your transactions and accompanying you to the
hospital
A sizeable majority replied “yes” (70%) while 20% replied “no” probably due to work pressures,
and 10% were not aware maybe because of loss of memory.
6 - You are aware of what goes on in the family
A relative majority (60%) replied that they were aware while 30% replied that they were not probably due to their inability to keep abreast of family affairs. 10% were not aware probably due to loss
of memory.
7 - You receive home care rendered by the Elderly Foundation
Although Qatar provides home care for the aging people 60% of the participants replied that they
do not receive such care probably because they do not need it or because their families provide it.
40% of the participants replied that they receive such care.
8 - You are satisfied with the facilities and services extended by the Government
A vast majority of the participants (80%) commended the services extended by the Governments
while 20% were not satisfied.
9 - You often prefer to sit alone away from others
A relative majority (60%) replied that they prefer to be with the family and society while 40% prefer to be alone probably seeking rest and avoiding inconveniences
100
A chart of the analysis of the results
of the questionnaire
1 - The questionnaire of the residents of the Qatar Foundation for the Elderly Care
1 - Relatives render regular visits to the
residents
2 - Residing in the foundation/hospital
is suitable to your situation
Yes
50%
Yes
80%
No
40%
No
20%
I don’t know
10%
3 - Officers and specialists understand the needs
& characteristics of the agiing people
I don’t know
0 %
4 - Care given by the foundation/hospital
contributes to impoving your situation
Yes
70%
Yes
90%
No
20%
No
0 %
I don’t know
10%
5 - I welcome the participation in the events that
the foundation organizes
I don’t know
10%
6 - I am satisfied the services rendered by the
foundation/hospital?
Yes
60%
Yes
90%
No
30%
No
10%
I don’t know
10%
I don’t know
0 %
101
2 - The questionnaire of the Elderly who live with their families
1 - The family provides decent residence for me
Yes
70%
Yes
90%
No
20%
No
10%
I don’t know
10%
3 - There are persons who take care of your
affairs & exchange talk with you?
I don’t know
0 %
4 - You are satisfied with the way and method
of treatment by those who surround you?
Yes
90%
Yes
60%
No
10%
No
30%
I don’t know
0 %
5 - Your opinion is considered in the events &
cases that face the family?
I don’t know
10%
6 - I am satisfied the services rendered by the
foundation/hospital?
Yes
80%
Yes
70%
No
20%
No
20%
I don’t know
102
2 - The family provides persons who take
care of me and of my personal needs?
0 %
I don’t know
10%
Second: Analysis of Data gathered
from the Interview
How many aging people of both sexes reside in the establishment?
The PRO at the Elderly Foundation stated that the number of aging people at the Foundation is
(20) fifteen of them are male and four are females.
At Rumaila hospital there are four wards for males accommodating 40 men and other four for
females accommodating 30 women. All these suffer chronic problems that require integrative health
care hence is the need for their residence in the hospital for a long time.
How many aging people benefit from the services of establishment/hospital while they
live in their residence?
For Rumaila hospital there are no care extended to the elderly at homes. The services of the hospital are restricted to those residing in the hospital.
Qatar Foundation Elderly Care extends home care such as regular check up for sugar, pressure and
physical therapy…
What are the conditions to admit the aging people at establishment/hospital?
Any man or woman whether national or resident who is 60 years old is admitted and subjects to
medical check-up and study case by case on basis of which an aging person is admitted. Priority goes
to an aging person who does not have a guardian. An aging person who suffers an infectious disease is
referred to Rumailah hospital which also receives cases transferred by clinics and health care centers
of HMC after their health situation is settled enough to enable their transfer to Rumailh. .
What does the establishment/hospital do to strengthen the family relationship
between aging people and their relatives?
The role of Rumaila hospital is only to give medical care. However it receives volunteers from
schools for limited hours in connection with the ‘voluntary’ requirement at secondary schools.
Qatar Foundation for Elderly Care conducts workshops and awareness lectures and seminars on
the method of treating aging people and the characteristics of this phase. These activities target all
categories of the society and lecturers of different religious, psychological and sociological specialties
are invited.
Do children inquire about their parents who live in the establishment/hospital?
Different replies were given to this question. Some families replied that they regularly visit the aging person whether accommodated by the Foundation or the hospital and sometimes they ask about
them by phone. Some ask about them only on occasions as also shown in the replies to the questionnaire.
103
Do you think that it is in the interests of the elderly to live in the establishment
hospital in terms of care giving?
- The reply was that it is in the interest of the aging persons to be accommodated by the hospitalestablishment as such accommodation may be a medical necessity particularly that both the establishment and the hospital provide different services and activities including entertainment, socialization and medical check-up.
Does the establishment/hospital provide the atmosphere and environment that is
suitable to the aging people?
- The role of Rumaila hospital is providing medical care while the Foundation is concerned with providing decent life via the services that are provided to the aging person, family and local society with
a view to provide the aging person with a home-like environment.
What is the role of the establishment in raising the awareness on the affairs of the
aging people?
- The Department of the elderly at Rumaila hospital applies a program to train and qualify the families of the elderly or the private nurses and maids at homes to continue giving sound healthcare at
home after the discharge of the aging person from the hospital.
- The Qatar Foundation for the Elderly Care plays a great role to enlighten the community on the
issues of the elderly and organizes a training workshop to qualify those in charge of providing care
to the elderly at home in order to achieve the Foundation’s vision, mission and goals in providing
care and services to the elderly at homes with a view to strengthen family relationships and secure
services to the elderly. It also organizes awareness campaigns for the school students under titles
which have religious connotations “Family Bless” and “Mercy Wing” besides lectures and dissemination of brochures to enlighten on the significance of good treatment of the aging people. The
Foundations also organized seminars and conferences on the Arabic and international levels.
Why aging people reside here?
- Most of the interviewees are of the opinion that the existence of the aging people in the establishment/hospital is to spend time and doing medical check-up which cannot be provided except at
the establishment. In some cases it is because the family lost the bread winner or does not have a
bread winner. Thus the establishment has for them become a substitute for home. As for the hospital it is because some cases cannot be treated at home due to the complications of the case or
because of certain circumstances.
104
Recommendations
Elders should be appreciated and reciprocated for their contributions by :
1 - Saluting, greeting elders and showing respect to them by kissing their hands and heads
2 - Raising their morale by welcoming the elders and smiling in their faces
3 - Listening to the narrations of the elder about their memories and achievements without interrupting their narration
4 - Highlighting the achievements and accomplishments of the elders and considering them as examples to be emulated
5 - Avoiding the marginalization of the elders or neglecting them
6 - Avoiding showing boredom or resentment of the elder who narrates his/her past as that past represents the achievement and contribution of the elder
7 - Relatives and friends should come closer to the elder to help him/her encounter the feelings of
alienation and isolation
8 - Helping the elder to participate in social life and festivals
9 - Helping the elders to utilize his time by creating new friendships with elders of his/her age and by
attending religious, cultural and sports activities
10 - Putting into consideration the changes that hit the elder
11 - Extending all kinds of help to the elder
12 - Alleviating the feelings of uselessness and isolation
13 - Protecting the elder from the social withdrawal and alienation
14 - Avoid inflicting hardships and burdens on elders
15 - Making the elder feel important
16 - Caring for the physical and psychological interests of the elders
17 - Enlightening the families on the rights and needs of the elders
18 - Educating children on the respect of elders and taking care of them
19 - Bringing children to attend the gatherings of the elders
20 - Highlighting the achievements and accomplishments of elders to make them feel worthy
21 - Discovering and managing the talents of elders
22 - Looking upon them as resources rather than burdens
105
References
Books :
Abdullah Bin Naser Al Sdhan - ungratefulness : social study on elderly in the old folk houses Al
Shakraa publisher 2000
Ibrahim Bin Mohammad – ungratefulness – reasons, appearance, treatments – The Ministry of Social
Affairs 2002.
Ibrahim Kamal Mursi , how to take care of elderly in Islam , Al Nasher publisher -2009.
Jaafar Hassan – elderly the age of hope and youthfulness – Al Hillal library – Beirut – 2003.
Mohammad Saed Al Haffar - Arabic Encyclopedia-Damascus- 2002.
Mohammad Fahmi - elderly Care –Al Wafaa publisher – Egypt 2007
Newspapers and Magazines :
Al – Raya NewsPaper Hanaa Saleh Al Turk – 3-10-2012 – a plan to find jobs for elderly .
Al Raya newspaper Mahrous Reslan 28-11- 2012 Painful punishment for ungratefulness – issue
number 11192 .
Al Arab Newspaper (7997)Mohammad acheb – how to support elderly.
Al Raya Newspaper –Teams to provide home services for elderly 24-9-2012
106
Internet Pages :
http://www.alarab.qa/details.php?issueId=1743&artid=208265 (
http://www.ahalqatar.com/vb/archive/index.php/t-11517.html
http://www.almosenin.org/arb/index.php?id=20
http://www.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=11163
http://www.google.com.qa/
http://islamqa.info/ar/ref/33680
http://www.ameinfo.com/ar-245690.html
http://www.ameinfo.com/ar-245690.html http://mgz.mosa.gov.qa/Arabic/Interviews/Pages
http://mgz.mosa.gov.qa/Arabic/Reports/Pages/qwad.aspx
http://www.mosa.gov.qa/arabic/department
107
Low Grades in
Mathematics : Reasons
and Solutions
Prepared by :
Omar Abduladhim
Abdulrahman Al-Qashuti
: Supervised by
Teacher Hiyam Hamdan Al-Momani
AlMuthanna Bin Haritha Independent Model
108
Summary :
Chapter 1: It contains the theoretical aspect which includes a summary about the definitions of mathematics, its general goals, methods of teaching, scholastic achievement in
mathematics subject, advancement and its relation to teaching, and learning.
Chapter 2: About the reasons students fail the mathematics subject. The questionnaire
conclusions analysis was that some of these reasons are related to the student himself and
some to the environment at home.
Chapter 3: It includes the suitable procedural solutions to solve this problem, such as:
1 - Use rules to correct the behavior of students at school and isolate the students who
cause disorder and noise in individual classrooms then improve the academic performance.
2 - Develop strengthening notebooks for students on the mathematical equations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division).
3 - Hold a school competition for memorizing times tables (the problem of students)
for all grades and encourage students with a valuable price presented by respectable
school principal to winner class.
4 - Guide students to internet websites where they can practice on mathematical equations
such as multiplication and division to improve their skills, and then acquire certificates
from some of these websites after training on the four skills.
5 - Mathematics teacher should attempt to communicate with parents and demonstrate
various simple methods of understanding times tables to help students easily find results consisting of one, two or three digits.
6 - Exercise on solving verbal questions and follow the suitable steps to solve the problem
in the order read-understand-plan-solve and then verify the answer using the students’
exercises notebook.
109
Table of Contents
No.
110
Elements
Page No.
1
111
2
Introduction
112
3
Goals of the Research
112
4
Study Importance
112
5
Study limitations
113
6
Research Sample
113
7
Research Problem
113
8
Study Hypotheses
113
9
Research Scientific Tools (The Questionnaire)
113
10
Results of the study
115
11
Analyze the results of the questionnaire
116
12
Suitable procedural solutions for the problem
122
17
123
We thank all who enlighten others with their
knowledge or guide inquisitors to correct answers
with the humbleness of scientists and openness of
the knowledgeable.
We are pleased to thank all who guided us and
supported us in our research.
We are happy to thank our school which provided us with all we needed for our research.
We also thank all students and parents who participated in the questionnaires.
Thanks to our beloved Qatar for the utmost importance it granted to our research and the unlimited funding to education to improve the status of
our nation through caring for its people and rising
with them to the highest levels of education.
111
Introduction
The problem of low grades is one of the most important problems which affects modern
schools and prevents them from delivering their message in the best manner. Therefore,
it is time that this problem gets the attention it requires due to its dangerous impacts on
school and society. Every teacher can say that this problem exists almost in all classes. In
every class there is a group of student who cannot cope with their peers in learning the approved curriculum and comprehending it. Usually this group becomes a source of noise
and disorder that disrupts the educational process in classroom or school in general.
After looking at the fifth grade results in the first midterm it appears that a big number
of students failed mathematics subject while others had a very low pass mark across all fifth
grade classes (5A–5B-5C-5D), and they also had very low marks for applications and homework. Moreover, we looked at their results in national assessment tests and they were also
very weak. So, we felt a big responsibility to write this research about the reasons of the low
academic achievement of our fifth-grade students at the AlMuthanna Bin Haritha School at
the mathematics subject in order to help them increase the level of our school and improve
their performance in second term tests. Therefore, we like in our research to shed light
on this problem, examine it and try to put the suitable solutions for it or find the proper
procedural plans to deal with it.
Goals of the Research:
This research aims at the following:
1 - Identify the reasons of the low grades of fifth-grade students in mathematics at the AlMuthanna
Bin Haritha School from the opinion of the students and their parents.
2 - Provide suggestions and solutions to solve this problem and overcome the reasons for student
failure in mathematics.
Research Importance:
1 - This study is very important to identify the problem of low student grades in mathematics and solve
it via suitable methods in order to raise the academic level of students and consequently the level
of AlMuthanna Bin Haritha School.
2 - Know the achievement level in mathematics subject because it is one of the essential changes in
achieving the goals of education.
3 - It is important for all students and parents to know the reasons of low educational achievement in
mathematics in order to rise up and care for their children’s level more for students are the axis
of the educational process and the guardians of the countries development.
112
Study limitations:
- The study was conducted at the (AlMuthanna Bin Haritha) School.
Research Sample:
- A sample from the fifth grade students of classes (A-B-C-D).
Research Problem:
- The problem of the research revolves around the factors leading to the low educational achievement in mathematics for fifth grade students from the point of view of students and parents. To
identify the problem, the research was summed in the following main question:
Research Main Question:
- What are the reasons for the low educational achievement in mathematics for fifth grade students
from the point of view of students and parents?
Sub-questions
- What are the reasons for the low educational achievement in mathematics for the fifth grade students from the students’ point of view?
- What are the reasons for the low educational achievement in mathematics for the fifth grade students from the parents’ point of view?
Study Hypotheses:
- There is a relation between students’ behavior and their scholastic achievement.
- There is a relation between students’ lack of focus during lesson and their achievement.
- When the parents do not follow up their children and do not help them in their homework, the
students’ achievement will be negatively affected.
Scientific Research Tools
(Interviews, student questionnaire and parents’ questionnaire)
Theoretical Aspect of the Study
Introduction:
Mathematics is considered one of the subjects that speak to students’ minds and encourage in
them the sense of discovery and problem solving. This subject depends on understanding and application more than memorizing and recalling. So, the problem of low level of students in this subject
is one of the most important issues due to its negative impact on the educational system in particular
and society in general. This problem leads to failure in mathematics; and failure leads to repetition
and carelessness. Thus, we, the students who conducted this scientific research decided to examine
the reasons behind the low level of fifth grade students and failure in this subject.
Definition of Mathematics:
113
It is a science which is accumulative in structure –next piece of information is built on the previous
one– which deals with the human mind directly and indirectly. Mathematics consists of principles,
definitions, rules, theories, equation, problem solving and proof. It deals with numbers and symbols;
and is considered an exercise for the brain. The student’s efficiency in mathematics is measured by
his ability and success in solving problems and presenting the suitable proofs for them.
General Goals of Mathematics
- Encourage proper thinking of students.
- Help students deal with daily life.
- The students develop and acquire positive values, directions and habits such as patience, system,
accuracy and cooperation.
- Help individuals study and understand other sciences.
Advancement and its relation to teaching and learning mathematics:
The advancement of societies and nations does not rely on their natural resources or creatures
that do not have the ability to express themselves or develop. It depends on the positive people who
invest in the capacities and faculties that inspire their generative powers to contribute to the welfare
of the society.
To stress the importance of mathematics, we recall President Eisenhower’s idea “that mathematics is the first defense line for America” when the Soviets in 1957 launched the first space capsule
by which they surpassed the American space program. Studying the reasons for the Soviet’s achievement, it was found out that mathematics in general stages of education in the Soviet Union is more
advanced in terms of goals, teaching, activities and understanding.
Mathematics Teaching Methods:
The various methods of teaching, simplifying information, and using modern methods help the
students focus and understand more.
But, how can a student solve mathematical problems using a logical method of thinking? How can
he gradually follow the proper steps in solving problems and equations then explain every step as to
why this very rule is used?
The teacher can use various visual, sensory and auditory methods of demonstration and activities
that suit different levels inside class without depending on the method of dictation and speech. He
should use diversified methods to make the information pass to students clearer and more understandable.
Study Conclusions:
Student questionnaire: The low level of scholastic achievement is considered a big problem which
must be solved. It has grabbed the attention of many educationists and parents and students themselves considering that students are the axis of the educational process and are the guardians of
advancement and future. Moreover, the problem of low scholastic achievement is one of the most
important issues which hinder modern schools and prevents them from delivering their message in
the best manner. Therefore, dear student please be accurate and honest in answering the following
questionnaire:
114
No
Items
1
I like mathematics subject.
2
Mathematics requires time, effort and
concentration.
3
The way examples are laid in the book
helps me understand mathematics.
4
The activities in mathematics lessons
help me understand mathematical subjects.
5
I find it hard to memorize times tables.
6
I feel embarrassed when I keep asking
the teacher to re-explain the lesson.
7
The behavior of some colleagues in class
makes it hard for me to focus.
8
There is no good relationship between
the teacher and student.
Strongly Agree Disagree I Do Not Know
What are the other reasons which lead to the low level of student achievement in
mathematics from your opinion?
123-
115
Questionnaire Results Analysis:
18
16
14
12
10
8
Agree
Disagree
I don’t know
6
4
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 - I like mathematics subject.
2 - Mathematics requires time, effort and concentration.
3 - The way examples are laid in the book helps me understand mathematics.
4 - The activities in mathematics lessons help me understand mathematical subjects.
5 - I find it hard to memorize times tables.
6 - I feel embarrassed when I keep asking the teacher to re-explain the lesson.
7 - The behavior of some colleagues in class makes it hard for me to focus.
8 - There is no good relationship between the teacher and student.
116
The student questionnaire consisted of eight statements which results came as follow:
- As for the first item whether students like mathematics, the students’ consent was 62%, which is
relatively accepted. However, at the same time it contradicts the reality of the situation because the
proof should reflect on the actual graders.
- The second item whether mathematics requires time, effort and concentration got 92% consent.
This is a very high percentage which matches the reality of mathematics subject that it is one of the
subjects that require time, effort, understanding and great concentration.
- The third item whether book examples help students understand mathematics got 81% agreement.
This is a high and very acceptable percentage, and it means that book examples are organized by
competent mathematics specialists to help students understand the subject.
- The fourth item whether activities in mathematics classes help students understand it got 87%
agreement. This is a high percentage which means that the activities presented by teachers are well
prepared to help students understand better.
- The fifth item whether students find it difficult to memorize times tables got 40% consent. This is
an unaccepted result because memorizing times tables is one of the basics of mathematics, but students depend on electronic calculators instead of memorizing.
- The sixth item that students feel embarrassed when asking the teacher to re-explain the lesson got
50% consent. This is a medium percentage which partly relies on the teacher as well as the student.
The teachers must be aware of the students’ response during lesson and should not move to the
next element unless he is sure of their comprehension. On the other hand, students must be taught
to ask for repetition from the teachers politely, which makes the teacher exert a bigger effort to let
the information reach the students in the best manner to all levels of students.
- The seventh item whether the behavior of some students affects the focus of others during class got
94% agreement. This is a very high percentage which calls for reorganizing classrooms because a
few low-grade students who do not like mathematics cause chaos and noise and negatively impact
other students.
- The eighth item whether there is a bad relation between teachers and students got 37% approval.
This is a convenient percentage because over 50% of students think that teachers and students
share a good relationship which is based on mutual respect and cooperation, which reflects positively on their understanding and comprehension of mathematics.
117
We then interviewed a number of students and got the following answers from them:
Q1 : Why do you have low marks in mathematics in specific?
Q2 : Do you think mathematics is difficult because of the school, book or teaching method?
Q3 : Do you find it hard to study?
Q4 : Do you organize your time for studying?
- The chaos and noise some students cause during class affects others’ focus during explanation. This
makes these students lose some parts of the lesson which leaves them behind their peers because
mathematical subjects are accumulative and one phase depend on the other.
- Students are weak in the principles of mathematics and the facts of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. They do not memorize these tables, which makes them weak, inaccurate and slow.
- Students do not get help from parents at home in their homework because parents do not understand mathematics.
- Students do not organize their time because they spend their time playing after school using various
modern means of entertainment.
- Students regard mathematics as useless in practical life. They think it is so difficult to understand
and therefore feel embarrassed to participate in class or ask about anything they do not comprehend. They also feel afraid and anxious during tests because they cannot answer questions.
Parents Questionnaire:
The low level of scholastic achievement is considered a big problem which must be solved. It has
grabbed the attention of many educationists and parents and students themselves considering that
students are the axis of the educational process and are the guardians of advancement and future.
Moreover, the problem of low scholastic achievement in one of the most important issues which hinder modern schools and prevents them from delivering their message in the best manner. Therefore,
dear parent please be accurate and honest in answering the following questionnaire
118
No
Items
1
The suitable environment at home for
the student to do his homework affects
his academic achievement.
2
My son receives help at home when solving mathematical tasks.
3
The student finds it hard to understand
mathematics.
4
The student is busy playing after school.
5
The student knows the basics of mathematics.
6
Using modern methods by the teachers
helps my son understand mathematics.
7
The student finds it hard to understand
some mathematical topics. Specify topics if you agree.
8
The student’s frequent absence from
school affects his grades.
Strongly Agree
Disagree
I Do Not Know
What are the other reasons which lead to the low level of student achievement in
mathematics from your opinion?
1-
23-
119
Questionnaire Results Analysis, for our school:
16
14
12
10
8
6
Agree
Disagree
I don’t know
4
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 - The suitable environment at home for the student to do his homework affects his academic
achievement.
2 - My son receives help at home when solving mathematical tasks.
3 - The student finds it hard to understand mathematics.
4 - The student is busy playing after school.
5 - The student knows the basics of mathematics.
6 - Using modern methods by the teachers helps my son understand mathematics.
7 - The student finds it hard to understand some mathematical topics. Specify topics if you agree.
8 - The student’s frequent absence from school affects his grades.
120
The Parents’ questionnaire consisted of eight statements which results came as follow:
- As for the first item whether the suitable environment at home for the student to do his homework
affects his academic achievement, the result was 70% agreement. This is a high percentage because
the environment at home plays an important role alongside the school in developing the students’
abilities.
- The second item whether the student receives help at home when solving mathematical tasks got
25% approval. This is a low percentage showing that the student does not receive help at home and
it is negative because helping the student at this age by family members is so important; noting that
lack of help lowers the student’s academic achievement.
- The third item whether the student finds it hard to understand mathematics got 65% agreement.
This is a very positive result which means that parents follow up their children. A high percentage
of the research sample is a positive indication about admitting that mathematics is difficult and it is
the first step toward finding the successful solution. This creates a significant cooperation between
the school and parents in order to solve this problem.
4 - The fourth item if the student is busy playing after school got 68% agreement. This is a positive
percentage that the parents are monitoring their children and noting that the students who spend
a long time playing after school have low academic achievement.
5 - The fifth item whether the student knows the basics of mathematics got 13% approval. This is a
positive percentage which notes that a high percentage of parents know that their sons do not know
the basics. Therefore, admitting the problem can be the first step toward finding solutions for it.
6 - The sixth item whether using modern methods by the teachers can help students understand
mathematics got 75% approval. This is a very important issue which points out the effort exerted
by teachers and their competence, and encourages them to prepare educational aides carefully to
help the students understand the subject.
7 - The seventh item whether students find some mathematical topics hard to understand got 81%
approval. This is a positive result which means that there is continuous follow up by the family to
the educational achievement of their sons. It also helps the school perform its duties successfully.
8 - The eighth item whether the student’s frequent absence from school affects his grades got 63%
agreement. This is a positively important point which meets with the research that the frequent
absence of students from school, particularly mathematics lessons has a negative impact of the student’s grades.
121
Suitable procedural solutions for the problem
We put forward a program summarized in the following points in order to improve the
level of students’ achievement in school and help them with difficulties at the AlMuthanna Bin Haritha School:
- Due to the excessive noise during class and the chaos caused by some students, the vice principal
made a suggestion to gather such students in a special classroom to control their behavior and correct it and spend full lessons away from their colleagues for two weeks.
- Hold additional support classes in which students are taught to read and understand daily issues
that are difficult to students and parents according to their answers in the questionnaire. In addition, they will be trained on mental multiplication and division questions as well as some additional
exercises from the notebook.
- Follow various strategies to memorize and understand times tables, and this is what the mathematics
teacher does to support and strengthen students with multiplication and division equations in our
school. The teacher also encouraged students to train themselves on the four mathematical calculations from internet websites and acquire certificates when they answer all questions correctly.
- Make strengthening notebooks to increase the students’ ability to deal with the four mathematical
calculations correctly. This was already applied in our school and notebooks were distributed to
students.
- Convince students logically with the importance of mathematics.
- Make students aware of the importance of educational achievement, its definitions, behavioral basics and importance to their future and present through building positive thoughts about the importance of education and its role in the advancement of individuals and nations via various means
of continuous educational and indicative publications…etc.
- Activate the role of parents’ board more and increase communication between home and the school
in order to participate in treating students’ failure in mathematics.
- Gather the low-grade students in special classrooms and give them additional classes by other than
their teachers.
- Activate the role of academic guidance through suggesting treatments that help low-grades students
overcome the problems they face.
- Generalize various strategies to understand times tables for all educational stages in order to benefit
from them; and invite parents to participate in educational workshops for these strategies to help
the students do multiplication and division calculations with one, two, or three digits easily.
122
1 - www.qou.edu/arabic/researchProgram/.../r44_drZiadBarakat.pdf
2 - www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/edu/images/stories/19-69.pdf
3 - www.skilewise.com- and www.ixl.com
4 - www.jeddmath.com/vb/showthread.php?t=7307
5 - www.mudilf.com/vb/showthread.php?t=35514
- Fayzah Ahmad Hamadah (2005): “Effectiveness of using Wetly’s modified structural model in improving the ability to solve problems and encouraging innovative thinking in mathematics for elementary stage students”. Faculty of Education, Assiut University, 21st volume, 1st print, January, 2005
- Mohammed Bin Barjes Mash’al Al-Shahrani (2010): Impact of using Wetly’s model in teaching
mathematics on educational achievement and mmoving toward it by sixth-grade elementary students. PhD (unpublished) paper, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
- Abdullah Abd-al-Rahman Mohammed Al-Maqushi (1998): Building three criteria toward school
mathematics and monitoring. Educational Research Center, Faculty of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh
- Maurice Saliba (1987): Educational waste and its treatment in within the frame of a new vision.
UNESCO’s Regional Office of Education in Arab Countries, Modern Education, 42nd Print
- Awatef Faisal Bayari (1989): Aspects leading to students’ educational failure (applied study to a
sample of secondary schools in Riyadh city), Kuwait.
123
Role of Learning Resources Center in
Encouraging Students to Read
Prepared by :
Haya Faseel
Al-Anoud Abdul-Rahman
Fatimah Jum’ah Al-Kaabi
Supervised by :
Nadiyah Hammoud Al-Yahri
Arabic Language Teacher
School: Al-Bayan Elementary School
124
Summary :
This research focused on reading and its role in the advancement of
nations by using an analytical descriptive approach. The research included a questionnaire given to 25 students and an interview with the
director of the Learning Resources Center. The research also aimed at
discovering the impact of reading on the advancement of nations and
its role in the progress and education of individuals and consequently
the progress of society and the building of an educated generation able
to challenge all difficulties and obstacles. Moreover, reading is the path
leading to knowledge and the lantern of hope through which our life
becomes full of light. Through reading we find the right path which takes
us to the top and to the highest levels that we aspire. Education of society
brings awareness and ability to challenge difficulties and solve problems.
Through our research, we concluded that there is an urgent need to
encourage students to read, and instill the love to reading in them at
early childhood through programs and activities that encourage reading, such as competitions, even if the beginning is via short books during
the elementary stage. We should urge students to visit the school library.
Families must be made aware of the importance of reading for individuals, society, and for the support of the country and its institutions.
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Table of Contents
NO
126
Research Elements
Page No.
1
127
2
Introduction
128
3
Research goals
128
4
Research question
128
5
Research methodology
128
6
Research Importance
129
7
Research Problem
129
8
Research Hypotheses
129
9
130
10
Questionnaire Introduction
132
11
134
12
Interview
135
13
Conclusions, Recommendations & Suggestions
136
14
137
We dedicate this research to every knowledge
seeker and reading lover; to every science and
knowledge seeker; to all who like to sail the oceans
of science and knowledge; to all who dive in the
seas of language; to everyone who looks for the
jewels of literature and treasures of words; to every
teacher who likes to encourage reading and innovative thinking in his/her students; to every father
and mother who want to see their child grow up
with awareness and education and search for ways
to develop the passion for reading in their children.
We dedicate our humble research hoping it can
be a guide to them and an aide to learn some of
the ways through which they can encourage reading talent and innovative thinking for students;
to everyone who loves the language of the Holy
Quran, our beautiful language which sits on the
throne of languages with its beautiful vocabulary,
magnificent expressions and exciting context.
127
Introduction :
Praise Be to God, and prayer and peace be upon Allah’s Prophet Mohammed, His
family members and His companions. Undoubtedly, it is known that the message of
our beloved, generous prophet was first revealed with the word “READ”. This fourletter word has a wide meaning, and this order of reading was the beginning of the
message and revelation which points out the importance of reading in our lives. Moreover, reading has a great influence on every human being whether young or old, but,
perhaps children are the most who get influenced by what they read because their
brains are still clear and unspoiled with the burdens of life. Therefore, they memorize
what they read, and information stays in their brains much longer.
Reasons for choosing this research topic :
When we asked the students in the classroom about who likes to visit the library, only five of them
said that they visit the library and read some books, while others said they do not read Arabic books
because they are more interested in English stories and books. So, we felt that the bell of danger tolls
loudly and that our Arabic language is about to become a stranger to its people.
Research goals :
Reading is the reason of human supremacy because it leads to science. Allah Almighty Says: “Allah
will exalt those who believe among you and those who have knowledge, to high ranks”. Reading is
also a source of entertainment, a relief to the spirit, and a way to occupy the time usefully.
Research question :
What role does the Learning Resources Center play in encouraging students to read?
Research methodology :
Teach the students about the research steps through a scientific research workshop at the school
theater. We distributed the scientific research sample to participating students and assigned the roles
and duties. One student will collect information; another will write the dedication, introduction and
research goals; and the last student is responsible for the questionnaire and interview. Then, the steps
were organized by the research supervisor and the participating students through analyzing data and
writing conclusions and recommendations.
128
Reading is the mean of communication between the citizens of a society through which they express their thoughts and ideologies. Additionally, individuals identify with the culture of their society
through reading. Language is also the communication tool between societies; it is said that the book
is a good neighbor, a gentle teacher and a lenient friend. Therefore this research is considered important due to its attempt to activate the role of learning resources at school in order to encourage
students to read and take all the necessary procedures to attract and urge them to read. The research
aims at acquiring useful information, building rich vocabulary and building good information that
heighten the students’ senses and put them in the right direction to build a solid foundation for them
to face the possible difficulties and challenges.
Research Goals :
The goal of our research is to encourage students to read and search for knowledge because reading and writing are the keys to knowledge. Reading is one of the main reasons to learn about Allah
Almighty, worship Him, obey Him and obey His prophet. It is one of the strongest reasons to build
the earth and create the sciences leading to it. Reading is a method to acquire the skills and knowledge of useful industries, and it is one of the reasons to get rewards and recompenses especially
through reading the Holy Quran or the useful books that guide to goodness and wellbeing. Reading
is the reason for human superiority because it leads to science. Allah Almighty Says: “Allah will exalt
those who believe among you and those who have knowledge, to high ranks”. Reading is a source of
entertainment, a relief to the spirit, and a way to fill the time with useful knowledge.
Research Problem :
Many of our sons and daughters have the problem of abandoning reading and libraries in a world
full of temptations and means of entertainments which could be empty of any benefit because they
are just entertainment and a waste of time. Books have almost become decorations to fill the gaps on
library shelves at schools or at home. This topic is very sensitive and critical in terms of determining
the educational level of nations and its impact on their advancement. Advanced countries regard the
Arab world as backward. Therefore, we must improve our thinking and develop the desire to move
forward. The best way to spread social awareness and education is through reading.
Research Hypotheses :
It is expected to reach a conclusion that encouraging students to read begins with early childhood
through parental inspiration by buying simple, colorful books with attractive pictures. The role of the
schools completes the parents’ role. Schools should encourage students through reading exhibitions
and competitions promoting reading and its facilities. Additionally, each classroom should have a
mini library. It is also obvious that learning resources at school play a major part in urging students to
read. This part is integrated with the school management and the teachers by means of constructive
cooperation in creating innovative methods of reading.
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Concept of Reading :
- Reading is one of the most important language skills that has two sides, a mechanical side and comprehending side.
Mechanical Side :
- is the recognition of letter shapes, sounds; and the ability to form words and sentences from them.
Comprehending Side :
- is the mental understanding which leads to digesting the read passage.
- Reading is described as knowing the meaning of the printed or handwritten text, or the ability to
unravel the meaning of written figures.
- Reading includes an integrated chain of secondary skills such as knowing the order of alphabets and
their relation to one another when they form another linguistic sound.
Reading Sections :
Reading is divided to three types :
- Silent reading - Loud Reading - Enjoyment Reading
First: Silent Reading :
It identifies with words and sentences and understanding them without uttering their sounds or
moving the lips or whispering. It also entails the quick and accurate comprehension and enrichment
of the student’s language. It is a mental process in which voice plays no part.
Second : Loud Reading :
Utter the words and sentences outwardly taking into account the good pronunciation without
replacement, repetition, omission, or addition. It also considers the grammatical accuracy, and it is
harder than Silent Reading.
Third : Enjoyment Reading :
This type of reading involves filling the free time. It starts with the child’s interest to read by looking at fictional tales and drawings, and then increases as he grows older.
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Reasons for Abandoning Reading :
1 - Getting bored quickly and lacking the patience which reading requires.
2 - Undervaluing the value of reading.
3 - The length of the book or subject.
4 - The wrong beginning: Reading advanced books about a subject before the basic ones results in
rejection.
5 - Lack of knowledge in the meanings of the repeated expressions in a book. This is an obstacle to
understanding and reading.
6 - The lack of colleagues who encourage their friends to read; or having friends who reject education.
7 - Reading useless resources such as silly magazines and books
8 - Lack of support by society while students are fully busy with their school books only. Even in university the student focuses on notebooks rather than doing wide scientific researches.
9 - Lack of consultation on recommended books or taking recommendation of inexperienced people.
10 - Lack of knowledge in Arabic grammar and vocabulary.
Reading and School :
- Classrooms in modern education give the student the key to education. Yet, the essence of education
lies within books and on library shelves.
- Relying on the saying “always has been, always will be”, school library is responsible for instilling the
reading habit in students. It must also encourage this habit and spread it among students in preparatory and secondary stages.
- It is normal to associate reading with the library rather than with the classroom because the library’s
atmosphere differs from that of the classroom. Classroom atmosphere is dry. It has strict discipline
and specific topics. By contrast library has the freedom of movement, joy and happiness that the
reader finds in books.
Library and Learning Resources Center :
- Upgrading school library to a Learning Resources Center consolidates its basic role and achieves
its traditional goals of instilling reading interests. It creates the desire for education, search and
exploration through books and printed material since these two remain the main sources of learning resources.
- Libraries have been developed over last decades to cope with life’s needs and changes. This confirms
the importance of the Learning Resources Center and honors its status and makes it the heart of
the educational process.
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Some Suggestions and Projects to Encourage Students to Read :
1 - Campaign Read :
- The school chooses specific hours of one or two school days. During these days particular numbers
of excellent students, who are disciplined and committed to reading from each grade will be selected in presence of their parents to participate in reading. Then, these students will be offered
gifts and appreciation certificates.
- This activity aims at activating the role of Learning Resources Center to serve the students and the
school environment outside the frame of curriculums.
2 - Program Dear :
- This project is a call to leave what’s in our hands and begin reading. It is a program for silent reading which was presented by Mu›eidhar Preparatory Independent School for Girls in Qatar. The
program is applied twice a week for thirty minutes during which all school employees stop anything
they are working at and read silently in a printed book. In this respect, the school has bought 20
trolley bags to easily transport suitable books for every level.
- During the days of Program “Dear”, teachers of the second lesson of that day will receive a bag containing books, a teacher instructions page, a reading logbook, and comprehensive questions sheet.
Then, the students are left to choose freely from the books to read.
3 - Reading Challenge Project :
- This project aims at encouraging students to read as a challenge, provided that they are free to
choose their reading material. In this project, suitable books are chosen according to student levels,
preferences, variety of topics and suitability of educational level. Then, these books are transported
to classes and distributed in an attractive manner. At the end of the month each student will record
the number of books he/she has read and write a summary on the benefits of these books.
- Then, the students who have read the highest number of books or benefited the most of what they
read will be rewarded.
Empirical Study
Questionnaire
Interview
Questionnaire
132
Questionnaire Introduction
- We have prepared a questionnaire and distributed it to students to measure their love for reading
and to visiting the library, and whether teachers encourage students to read. In addition we want
to highlight the rewards offered by the school or the learning resources to urge students to read.
Also, the research aims at knowing whether the library group plays a role in motivating students to
read; measuring the presence of school activities that urge students to read; and whether there are
students who own libraries at home that contain the types of books they are attracted to.
- The goal of this research is to investigate the student’s willingness to read and the role the school
and home play in encouraging students’ reading.
- The research sample consists of 25 sixth grade students.
Analysis of Questionnaire data Related to the Role of Learning Resources Center in
Encouraging Students to Read
NO
Questions
Yes
No
Sometimes
Total
1
I like visiting the library and borrowing books.
4
4
17
25
2
Teachers encourage me to read.
14
6
5
25
3
The Learning Resources Center offers rewards to
the student who borrows more books.
3
18
4
25
4
Library supervisors play an effective role in student
awareness toward reading.
5
12
8
25
5
The school holds activities that urge student to read.
5
6
14
25
6
I have a useful library at home.
17
8
-
25
7
I like reading stories and novels.
10
13
2
25
8
I like reading useful scientific books.
14
6
5
25
9
I like reading literary books.
11
7
7
25
10
I like reading religious books.
20
-
5
25
103
80
67
175
133
A chart of the analysis of the results
of the questionnaire :
30
25
20
15
Yes
No
Sometimes
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 - I like visiting the library and borrowing books.
2 - Teachers encourage me to read.
3 - The Learning Resources Center offers rewards to the student who borrows more books.
4 - Library supervisors play an effective role in student awareness toward reading.
5 - The school holds activities that urge student to read.
6 - I have a useful library at home.
7 - I like reading stories and novels.
8 - I like reading useful scientific books.
9 - I like reading literary books.
10 - I like reading religious books.
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Total
Findings :
− The questionnaire shows that 4 students confirmed visiting the library, while 4 said they do not
prefer to do so and 17 others said they visit the library occasionally.
− Whether teachers encourage students to read, 10 students confirmed while 7 others replied “no”
and the rest stated that they find encouragement some times.
− As for the reading encouragement rewards and competitions by the Learning Resources Center, 3
students said there are rewards while 18 others replied that there were no rewards and 4 students
said they receive rewards some times.
− About students’ awareness toward reading, 5 students said there is awareness through Learning Resources Center while 12 others gave opposite answer and 8 students said sometimes there is awareness with regards to the importance of reading.
− For the activities that urge students to read, 5 students replied “yes” and 6 said there are no activities
while 14 others said there are activities from time to time.
− On the presence of home libraries, 17 students said they have libraries at home while 8 others said
they don’t.
− As for the preferred books, 10 students said they prefer reading stories and novels and 14 others
said they like to read scientific books while 11 students would rather read literary book and 20 others prefer religious ones.
Interview :
The students interviewed Learning Resources Center Director Reem Al-Shimmari in order to identify the role of the school’s Learning Resources Center in attracting students and developing their
love for reading and the adopted methods:
The students asked several questions, such as :
1 - How does the Learning Resources Center encourage student to read?
It holds activities and competitions for student such as choosing the best reader throughout the
semester; it encourages them to read using the internet to look for resources.
2 - Are there competitions among students to encourage their reading?
We look at our books’ register and create a chart. Then we commend those who read and visit the
library most.
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3 - How does the library group urge their colleagues to visit the library?
They guide the students in every grade to the books that suit them during their presence in the
library.
4 - Does the Learning Resources Center participate in urging the students to have a
mini library at the classrooms in coordination with the teachers? And what is this
role?
As for the early childhood stage on the first and second grades, the coordinators work with the
Learning Resources Center in developing and reading a mini library at classrooms. As for the grades
3-6, there is no cooperation between the coordinators and the Learning Resources Center in developing libraries in classrooms.
5 - What is your advice to students so they can benefit from the Learning Resources
Center?
I advise them to take interest in reading and visit the Learning Resources Center in their free time
to read in what benefits them.
Interview results :
Through the interview it became clear that the Learning Resources Center needs to activate its role
at school. However, one employee at the center is not enough; there must be more than one who can
cooperate among themselves to urge students to read. In most days, the Learning Resources Center
employee is either unavailable at school or on leave and no one else can execute her duties. Therefore we must focus on the Learning Resources Center because it is an important element at school
through which students are educated to love reading. The center also must develop programs and
competitions that encourage students and attract them to reading and education.
Conclusions, Recommendations & Suggestions :
Conclusions :
Based on the above findings we concluded that the Learning Resources Center must always encourage students to read and hold the competitions and programs to attract them. The center should
also reward the students who always read and visit the library regularly to borrow books. Then the
role of the home comes to complete that of the school in encouraging students to read through
building a library at home which suits the needs and interests of sons and daughters.
In sum there is an urgent need to encourage students to read, and instill the love for reading in
them from early childhood through programs and activities that encourage reading, such as competitions, even if the beginning is with short books in the elementary stage. Then, students may write
a summary about what they benefited from the books they read. Moreover, reading encouragement
136
should not be limited to school, it must be integrated with the family by purchasing useful books for
their children to read. Then, the child can tell his parents about the benefit of a particular book.
Parents should be aware that they must urge their kids to read.
Recommendations :
1 - Encourage student to be more interested in reading and visit the school library.
2 - Raise family awareness toward the value of reading.
3 - Allocate specific times for reading.
4 - Allocate a personal library for each person.
5 - The official institutions must support reading.
Suggestions :
- We suggest taking an intensive interest in reading due to its role in the elevation of the Arab world
and Islamic nations. Individuals should allocate particular times for reading and there should be a
library at every home to make parents aware of the importance of reading for a child in early age.
- Additionally, educational institutions must support reading by providing students specific books and
recognizing their interests provided that these interests do not contradict with our religion and
norms. Students must be encouraged to read all that support values and sublime principles.
137
- We used some resources in identifying the solutions and projects through which we can encourage
students to read and get them into the habit of reading and researching.
- First name of author, then second name, then surname – book title – (publishing country: name of
publisher, print, publication year)
References
1 - Author: Hamdi Abdul-Aleem Al-Badawi (Work Guide to activate the role of the Learning Resources Center at schools) Egypt (Cairo) Tiba Establishment for Publishing – 1st Edition – 2012.
2 - Author: Hamdi Abdul-Aleem Al-Badawi (Library Specialists, information, profession) Egypt (Cairo) Tiba Establishment for Publishing – 1st Edition – 2012.
138
The Social problem and
the research problem
We should separate between the social problem and the social problem, as a position require
restoring treatment related to the aspect which are suitable to be named the Pathological aspects”, which come out form social circumstances or a social environment, require to gather the
ways and efforts to confront such as the problem of the youths delinquency or drug abuse, or the
phenomena of retaliations, or the hindrances of development in a village …. Etc.
As for the problems related to studies and searches, this is bore to problematic aspects related
satisfactions, in general, restorations problems are more wider than the bounders related to the restoration of the problem, it may be related to intact phenomena as selecting the marriage and social
upbringing, or relations between the arm forces and the society, or a problem in an impaired phenomena, or a real pathological phenomena, and such problems become the job of the researcher,
his / her thought and the scientific subject to tackle, until reaching to the solution and disclose the
aspects related, such as unemployment, terrorism, violence, and extremis … etc. in general, these
phenomena that the researcher may choose, will be a scientific issue to be discovered accordingly,
and disclose the properties, development, reasons and affects … etc.
Prof. Dr. Sayed Ghallab. 2010.
140
The Methodology of
Studying the Case
Definition :
this is named in French “Monographic Methodology”, which means the description of a sole
subject, meant that by the social scientists. The French people carried out a study such as a study
in the unity of a family, trip, or a factory, made the study in details and elaborated study. This is
to reveal the several aspects and reach to generalization applicable on other units being similar.
The study of the case subject matters:
1 - Studying the various positions of the detailed study in the social scope and cultural surroundings.
2 - Studying the historical development for something, a person or a particular position.
3 - Reaching to know the reality of internal life of a person by studying his social need and interests
pertinent to him.
4 - When the researcher requires to get some facts related to a group of surrounding circumstances
with a social position, or in reach to interrelated factor to enabling of using the same in describing and analyzing the social process that being made by individual due to interaction researches
as cooperation, competition, conformities and adaptation.
141
Ibn Khaldun
the founder of Sociology
The apparent fact, that no one has discussed
the matter of sociology before Ibn Khaldum, and
set forth the social phenomena in an analytic
study yielded results such as he did, this scholar
made studies for the social phenomena through
history information in a very proper method, as
the scientists when they study physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy. So, he was the first
one subjected the social phenomena to a scientific methodology in terms of the studies he made
which found many fixed fact similar to rules.
Therefore what theories that Ibn Khaldun found
will remain a pioneer work in the march of the
human thought.
Dr. Ragheb Al Serjani.
142
142
The Study of
Local Communities
This is distinguished by the relationship amongst the individuals in the social community as
one unit which maybe therein. The properties are:
Person’s strong loyalty feelings, feeling tiny, homogeneity and, self-sufficiency.
To be considered while studying local communities:
1 - Defining the problem precisely, is one of the conditions should be maintained in studying local
communities to have clear definition of the community.
2 - Ensure the provision of statistical matter, data, plans and historical sources that provide the clear
image of the community, its properties and development.
3 - Not to study the local community in case of changing, due to lack of historical sources about such
communities and to difficulties that may face the researcher doing such study.
4 - It is preferable to get the help of several tools and not the help of one tool.
143
August kont
1857 – 1798
The research methodology of Conte:
This is briefed in the methodology rules that Conte adopted in observations, experiments and cooperative methodology, and what Conte named
the Historical Methodology….
Observation: he meant by this not only direct realization to the phenomena,
but also to other means such as the study of habits, conventions, affects and the
phenomena of other arts and technical matters, analyzing, comparing the languages where facts and historical experience folded therein, the study of legislatives, systems of politics and economics …etc.
Here what is observed in terms of social matters is not easy due to the nature that may be involved, and so the individual may participate herein
more or less. So, should look into the social facts as they are subject matter separately set forth and out of ourselves and our
feeling to reach to the what is beyond the social observation
to be closer to the facts of the matters, as he thought that
the observation or using the physical senses may be
implements successfully if they are directed through
theoretical method.
Experiments: For this point, he meant
that the social experiment could be made
through comparing two similar phenomena in all things but different in one thing.
Comparative methodology: this is a social comparative methodology in its real
meaning, built on the comparing among the
human societies to get the similarities therein
or the variants.
Historical methodology: where here Conte named
this the “high Methodology” intended to discover the
basic rules that domain the social development of the
human race, as the only race which is considered one unit
moving from a stage to another higher one.
144
Social Research
& Action Plans
145
An Analytical Study
of Multi cultures and Their
Relationship with Some Problems
of Adolescent in the Qatari Society
Prepared by :
Dana Khalifa Al Dosary
146
Summary :
This study investigates the change in the lifestyle of the
Qatari society and the extent to which adolescents were
affected by that change. This is important given the fact
that there are many Arab as well as foreign communities
live in Qatar and impact to a considerable extent on the
way of life in the Qatari Society in terms of clothes and
food. This study discusses in particular the changes in relationship between adolescents and parents in the Qatari
society.
147
Table of Contents
No
148
Contents
page No.
1
Introduction
149
2
149
3
Aims of the Study
149
4
150
5
Hypothesis
150
6
Sample of the Study
150
7
Research Instruments
150
8
150
9
Difference between Adolescence and Puberty
151
10
The most challenges that face adolescents
152
11
The Role of Parents
153
12
Previous Study
153
13
Summary of Findings
155
14
Recommendations and Proposals
158
15
References
159
Introduction
Culture is the composite that encompasses knowledge, doctrines, arts, ethics, laws and habits. Culture is characterized by:
1 - It is a human phenomenon that distinguishes man from other creatures
2 - It determines the relationship between man and other components of the
universe, with nature and forms of life and determines his/her position
towards the hereafter
3 - It is the essence of human life. Rarely there is a an act in the social, arts or
intellectual domains that is not affected by culture
4 - It is an innovative renewed process
5 - It is cumulative ongoing achievement
Therefore it forms the identity of the society and works as a framework that
determines the right and wrong, the acceptable and the non acceptable.
1 - This study sheds light on the multi cultures phenomenon and its impact on the relationship between the adolescents and their parents in the Qatari society
2 - It may raise awareness of the importance of protecting the Arabic culture, traditions and ideals
Aims of the Study
- Investigating the changes that the Qatari society has undergone and their impact on the culture of
the Qatari society
- Seeking helpful solutions and means to face this problem, exploring alternatives and proposing
recommendations to handle this phenomenon
Terminology Multiculturalism
is a sum of habits, traditions and practices that are different from that of the Qatari culture and
may affect the Qatari society.
149
Adolescents
According to the WHO the adolescence spans the period between 10 and 24. It is divided into
three overlapping phases: Early Adolescence: 10-14, intermediate adolescence: 14-17, and late adolescence: 18-19.
The problem of the study is embodied in the following two questions
A - Does exposure to multi cultures create negative attitudes towards elders?
B - Is there a relationship between multiculturalism and the behavior of adolescents in the Qatari
Society?
Hypothesis
The study assumes that there is relationship between the behavior of the Qatari adolescents and
their exposure to multi cultures
Sample of the Study
The sample of the study consisted of 50 students (males and females) of the intermediate phase
between 12-16 years old
Research Instruments
The study employed the questionnaire and the interview as tools to gather the data
CULTURE is man-made. Man creates and innovates culture. S/he also receives culture from the
immediate and remote environments and adapts it to his/her needs. Culture exists for educated and
illiterate people. It is an open end system without limits. Cultures overlap as different nations mix
through different encounters. Qatar is not an exception. Qatari culture is a blend of the original Arabic Islamic culture and foreign cultures. This is reflected in the manners, costumes, food and other
observed behavior and artifacts (Bashir, Marzouk).
Although the Arabic term “Thaqafa” is widely used as equivalent to “culture” differences between
the meanings of the two terms exist. In Arabic “thaqafa” points to smartness, intelligence and mastering knowledge. It is also used for straightening and perfecting.
150
Going by the above “Thaqafa” in Arabic points to:
1 - Culture emanates from the human self rather than planted from the exterior
2 - Culture means researching, investigating and capturing the meanings of right, good and justice
and all human values which form the basis for human existence
3 - It is an ongoing open end process
In this era of Arab history the term “Muthaqqf”, which is a derivative of “Thaqafa” is used for educated people who are aware of the modern knowledge including foreign arts and philosophy.
Adolescence
The lexical meaning of adolescence points to approaching things. From the psychological perspective it suggests that the individual is approaching the physical, mental, social and psychological
maturity. It is noteworthy that adolescence does not mean maturity but a phase leading to maturity.
Difference between Adolescence and Puberty
Adolescence witnesses physical, mental, emotional and social changes. Puberty is a physical change
that means a person has entered the phase of reproduction. Expressed differently adolescence is a
phase leading to puberty.
Phases of Adolescence
Psychologists divided the adolescence phase into three sub phases:
- Early Adolescence
Early adolescence spans the age between the age 11 and 14.
In this phase the child witnesses great and significant changes. S/he oscillates between the desire
to be treated as mature and inclination to be taken care of by the family. This oscillation confuses the
family and makes its function difficult. In this phase the adolescent appears non confident regarding
his/her physical appearance and changes. In this phase the adolescent feels a desire for freedom and
may reject the thoughts and beliefs of the family and may feel embarrassed to be with the family in
the same place. He may appear more tensed and nervous. His need to be alone increases. He may be
perceived by the family as if he were stumbling. So the family needs to be patient with him, listen to
him and show care for him.
- Intermediate Adolescence
The intermediate phase spans the years 17 and 25. It is characterized by the adolescent’s feeling
that he is independent. Therefore he is more inclined to force his views. Because adolescent needs
to be self assertive he may fall in disputes with the family, become more inclined to comply with the
family rules and thoughts and insist to go his way. In its extreme cases he may experience bad practices such as smoking and staying long times outside home. This may come as a challenge to family.
151
In this phase adolescents become more inclined towards venture and risk taking. They prefer the
advice of peers more than that of family. However the family should be patient and try to understand
their children in order not to lose their trust. At the same time the family should set forth clear rules
for their behavior within the family and with other parties.
As most physical changes occur in the early adolescence phase the adolescent becomes less interested in his external appearance and more inclined to attract the other sex.
On the mental level the intellectual growth continues and the adolescent becomes more able to
think objectively and to plan for the future.
Emotionally the adolescent can put himself in the other’s shoes and sympathize with others.
- Late Adolescence
This phase spans the years from 18-21 and may go beyond as children in our society depend on
their families even after graduation and entering the job market.
Most people in this age can work independently. They feel more confident though they may continue to solicit the advice and assistance of the family. On the other hand the value system of the family continues to leave its impact on them.
The most challenges that face adolescents
1 - The internal Struggle: An adolescent suffers many internal problems such as the separation trauma which is a tension between independence from and dependence on the family; the struggle
between the residuals of childhood and requirements of manhood or womanhood; the tension
between the ambitions of the adolescent and irresponsibility; struggle between the internal lusts
and social traditions and religious restrictions and finally the inter generational gap.
2 - Alienation and Rebellion: An adolescent complains that his/her parents do not understand him/
her therefore seeks to rebel against the desires of his/her parents as a method for self assertiveness. S/he resents the power of the family and may look down upon it. He may become inclined
towards intransigence and stubbornness.
3 - Shyness and unsociability: Over protection and more cruelty may lead the adolescent to depend
on others to solve his problems at the same time that he is required to be independent. This tension may lead to withdrawal and unsociability.
4 - Troublemaking: An adolescent may cry, raise voice to make point, hit younger and quarrel with
elders, spoil things, argue on trivial things, stumble on problems and show forms inconsiderate
behavior.
152
The Role of Parents
Parents are duty bound to prepare their children for this phase in life by highlighting its features
and helping their children to accept it and also training on cleanness and healthcare. The more
adolescents have positive relationship with parent the less the likelihood he is exposed to frustration
and manipulation.
- The family’s understanding of the adolescent, its tolerance of his/her errors and mistakes, its encouragement and support lead to more balance and settlement.
- Direction and orientation based on logical thinking and dialogue work better than scolding. The
more the relationship between the two parties is positive the more the adolescent is receptive of
parental orientation and vice versa.
- Direct and continuous advices may backfire as this approach let the adolescent feel s/he is still child.
- Parents should talk positively on the peer group as adolescents at this age accepts the peer group
and rejects scolding them. Parents should encourage their adolescents to invite their peers to the
house.
The more the relationship is strong between the adolescent and his/her family the less the negative impact will be and vice versa.
- Parents should maintain a tension free atmosphere at home. A quarrel happy home pushes the
adolescent to go out or withdraw and both cause emotional trauma.
Similarly if there are double standards or ambiguous value system. For instance when parents
smoke and prevent their children from smoking. This does not work. Worse more it could have adverse effect.
- In sum good relationship between adolescents and their parents helps to successful survival of this
phase in life (Adas, 2011).
Previous Study
A study that was conducted by the UNESCO on the image culture and the exposure of children to
TV showed that adolescent spends seventy two thousand hours watching TV. Such exposure may adversely affect the national and religious affiliation of the adolescent and make loose the relationship
with the family and the social orbit (Saleh, 2006).
153
Findings
Name :......................................................................Class :.......................................................................
First: Questionnare
154
No
Question
Yes
No
Sometime
1
Do you agree that children live alone separated from their
parents after 16 years old?
22
63
15
2
Do you like the Western way of the children’s leaving the
house and living separated from parents?
20
63
17
3
Do you agree that parents should interfere in the personal
lives of children?
20
60
20
4
Do you feel unhappy for your parent’s interference in the
way you dres?
22
60
18
5
Do you like the way foreigners dress?
40
30
30
6
Do you prefer the popular Gulf food?
33
22
41
7
Do you support the increase of the fast food restaurants in
Qatari Society?
52
18
30
8
Do you like the way your parents deal with you?
50
20
30
9
Do you support putting the elderly people in the old folk
houses?
19
75
6
10
Do you attribute the increase in the number of the elderly
in the old folk houses to the way they raised their children?
33
18
49
Summary of Findings
yes
No
Do you agree than children live alone separated from their parents after 16 years old?
Sometimes
yes
No
Sometimes
yes
No
Sometimes
yes
No
Do you like the Western way of the childrne’s
leaving the house and living separated from
parents?
Do you feel unhuppy for your parent’s interference in your personal affairs?
Do you feel unhappy for your parent’s interference in the way you dress?
Sometimes
155
Do you like the way foreigners dress?
yes
No
Sometimes
yes
Do you prefer the popular Gulf food?
No
Sometimes
Do you support the increase of the fast food
restaurensts in Qatari society?
yes
No
Sometimes
Do you like the way your parents deal with
you ?
yes
No
Sometimes
yes
No
Sometimes
156
Do you support putting the elderly people in
the old folk houses?
yes
No
Sometimes
Do you attribute the increase in the number
of the elderly in the old folk houses to the
way they raised their children?
:Analysis of findings
- A considerable majority of participants (63%) do not agree to live alone separately from their parents when they reach the 16th year of age while 22% agree.
- Similarly 63% do not like the lifestyle of adolescent foreigners who leave the family to live alone. By
contrast 17% like that way.
- A considerable majority (60%) do not like parents interfere in their personal affairs. Conversely
20% agree on that while 20% do not mind such interference in particular cases.
- A relative majority (60%) of the participants do not like their parents to interfere in the way they
dress. By contrast 22% have no problem and 18% may accept such interference in certain cases
- Only a relatively tiny percentage (40%) of the participants like the way foreigners dress. By contrast
30% held similar views and 30% like that way only sometimes.
- Similarly a relatively tiny majority (33%) replied that they prefer popular Gulf food and 22% prefer
that sometimes while 41% do not.
- A sizeable majority of participants either support the increase of fast food restaurants (52%) or support it to some extent (30%). Only 18% do not support that.
- The vast majority of the participants either like their parent’s way in treating them or at least sometimes they like it (30%) while 20% do not like it.
- A considerable majority (75%) supports the inclusion of elders in the society and rejects putting
them in the old folk hospital while 19% support that. 6% support that way in certain cases and under certain circumstances.
- Only 33% found that the increase in the numbers of elders in the old folk hospital is a function of
the way they treated their children while 19% held similar views but only to an extent. By contrast
18% rejects this view.
On the open question ”What do you like in the way foreign adolescents and their parents deal with
each other”? The majority of the participants do not like that way. Only 30% like it to some extent
and 25% like it and consider it a pointer to freedom.
157
Recommendations and Proposals
- Based on the findings of the study the following plan is submitted:
- Aims of the Plan
- Maintaining good relationship between adolescents and parents (solving some adolescent problems)
- Applying the plan properly
Target Group
Students of the Intermediate School in Qatar
Duration
3 months
Procedures
1 - Choosing elements that are congruent with the Islamic and national values
2 - Promoting the citizenship and affiliation skills
3 - Employing the dialogue and discussion approach in solving the problems of adolescents
Mechanisms
- Workshops for parents and guardians on how to deal with adolescents and on using electronic devices properly
- Training workshops for adolescents
158
References
- http://www.saaid.net/tarbiah/107.htm
- http://news.bdr130.net/news3665.html
- http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/
- http://forum.brg8.com/t7663.html http://www.oboody.com/mychoice/15.htm
159
About Research
139
The Role of Modern
Technology
in Promoting Life and Educational Skills
of the Vision Impaired Students at the
Independnet Schools of Qatar
Prepared by :
Sara Saeed
160
Summary :
We conducted this study because it is concerned
with an important category of the society in general,
and a category of the disabled namely those who are
vision impaired. The theoretical part was divided into
two sub parts each of which included a number of topics. For the empirical part of the study a questionnaire
was administered to determine the extent to which the
vision impaired student benefits from modern technology and the extent to which the latter is available in
Qatar. We also conducted an interview with a number
of officers who attended the research forum organized
by CCC in December 2011. The interviewees were coordinators, social specialists and employees in a number of authorities. Lastly we presented the findings and
recommendations that we arrived at after concluding
the study.
161
Table of Contents
No
162
Contents
page
1
Introduction
163
2
163
3
Problem Statement
164
4
Instruments
164
5
Theoretical Framework (First : Vision Impairment)
165
6
Characteristics of the vision impaired persons
166
7
Problems faced by Vision Impaired Students
168
8
Developing Alternative Senses for Vision Impaired People
169
9
The role of technology in the educational aspects for vision impaired people
170
10
Findings of the Empirical Study
172
11
174
12
Analysis of Findings (Questionnaire-Interview)
177
13
Recommendation
180
Introduction
Vision impairment received great attention in the last few years. This attention is attributed to the fact that the vision impaired persons have as other citizens the right to live
and grow up to their capacity and thus should be considered a component of the human
resources that should be developed and utilized. Since 1982 vision impaired students have
been incorporated in the secondary cycle educational system after survival of the primary
and intermediate levels at the special schools and institutions that are designated for the
vision impaired students. As the inclusion experiment at the secondary schools was a success it was expanded to include the primary and intermediate stages.
Thanks to the modern technology the vision impaired persons in Qatar countered the
challenge of disability and were able to communicate with the society and move freely
without need for help as if there were no impairment.
Technology has been at every corner of the life of this category of people. It is at home
and school. They use it to communicate with others, to acquire knowledge and to move
between class rooms.
In Qatar the vision impaired students get computers and software that suit them in every aspect of life free of charge. These devices improve the lifestyle of the vision impaired
students and enable them to learn independently and to perform their work efficiently.
Great as it may be this technology could not so far convince others that these vision
impaired persons are qualified to occupy positions. This means that their technology supported skills are not tapped. That was one of the factors that motivated us to conduct this
study.
This study sheds light on the vision impaired students at the independent schools of Qatar in
particular as they face problems and challenges after been included in those schools where ordinary
students learn.
It is hoped that this study helps in changing the position of the society towards this category by
highlighting the daily life practices of these people and the role of technology that enabled the vision
impaired persons to surmount the impairment forced difficulties, challenges and restrictions that
used to envelop the individuals of this category with isolation and solely life although they have the
potentials and faculties that may make them productive members of the society.
Definition of Terms
Vision Impairment: Partial or full loss of using the vision sense which adversely affects performance
and growth
163
Problem Statement
- The problem of this study is articulated in the following main and sub questions
- The main question
What is the role and impact of modern technology on the life and academic achievement of vision impaired students?
Sub questions
- How has technology affected the development of vision impaired student?
- How has technology helped vision impaired students in surmounting movement and transport?
- How has modern technology helped vision impaired student to promote his/her potentials and
skills and to lead normal life?
- What are the mail changes and factors that influenced the life of vision impaired student after the
use of modern technology?
- What is the role of the State of Qatar in providing state of the art educational technology for vision
impaired students?
Methodology
The analytical descriptive methodology was employed to gather and analyze data and information.
Some books, references and websites were also visited to provide secondary data.
Instruments
1- First: Questionnaire
2- Second: Interview
- The Sample
The sample of the study consisted of 41 vision impaired students studying at four schools of the
intermediate (Ruqayyah Female School and Al yarmouk Boys School) and secondary cycle (Al Bayan
Female and Khalifa Male Schools). These schools were chosen due to the existence of vision impaired students who study with ordinary students. Interviews were conducted with two persons in
each school besides 8 persons in charge at: Qatar Society for Persons with Special Needs, Mada Support Technology, Al Noor Blind Institute, Department of Initial Healthcare at the Health Supreme
Council, Department of Student Activities at Qatar University and the Independent schools above
mentioned.
164
First : Vision Impairment
Vision Impairment is one of the visible disabilities that could be seen unlike hearing disability
which is hidden and cannot be discovered except after communicating with the handicapped person after which the sign language should be used. Vision impaired person could be divided into two
groups: First: Fully impaired who have to use their fingers and hands, and the partially impaired who
can read only big letters or by using glasses or any amplifying device (Zuraiqat, 2006).
Cases of Vision Impairment
- Myopia
This is a case of finding difficulty in seeing remote objects because of the image of object falls before the retina. Glasses with concave lenses are used to make the image fall on the retina
- Hyperopic
This is a case of finding difficulty in seeing nearby objects because the image of object falls behind
the retina. Glasses with convex lenses are used to make the image fall on the retina.
- Astigmatism
This is a case of difficulty in seeing objects in a focused and clear way. The cause is the abnormal
position of the cornea. Coe lenses are used because it helps focusing falling beams and gathering
them on the retina.
- Glaucoma
It results from the intraocular hyper pressure which presses on the visual nerve thus leading to
weak vision. Glaucoma is a cause for vision impairment of elders but rarely for young.
- Cataract
This results from Protein fibers that form the eye lenses thus leading to loss of transparency. It
often hits elders. Features include vague vision and a feeling of the existence of layer on the eye thus
leading to frequent blinking and imagining that things are of yellow color.
165
- Strabismus
Strabismus is imbalance in the position of one or both eyes which interrupt the natural function of
the eye. It could be inherited or inherent. It causes myopia and weak vision. Weak muscles of the eye
are usually a cause for strabismus.
- Nystagmus
Nystagmus is the frequent or permanent oscillation of the eyes thus leading to loss of concentration on objects (Mahrus et al. 2011).
Syndromes of Vision Impairment
According to the International Society of Preventing Vision Impairment the following are the syndromes of Vision Impairment:
Behavioral Syndromes
Continuous rub and closing of eye. The vision impaired person has to come closer to objects to be
able to see them with difficulty to read or see anything that is not close. The vision impaired person
more than the natural rate closes eyelids or distances them and may close one of the two eyes for
reading or seeing close or remote things (Shawahin, Zuraiqat and Abd Shneiwer, 2010).
Characteristics of the vision impaired persons
First : Physical Characteristics :
Vision impairment leads to various physical effects. While height, weight and physical growth do
not differ from ordinary persons shortage in motor skills is observed. Vision impaired persons face
shortage in motor and muscle synergy due to limited available opportunities of motor activities and
due to deprivation from imitating motor skills such as jumping, running and motor exercises. This
shortage in motor skills is attributed to: decrease in environmental experiences and lack of knowledge of environmental components and of the concepts and space relationships employed by ordinary people, to the lack of motivation for adventure and to imitate and simulate, limited opportunities for training on motor skills, over protection of parents and guardians which deprives the vision
impaired of the opportunities to move and see and acquire knowledge.
Second : Mental Characteristics :
It is difficult to measure the intelligence of vision impaired people because most of the intelligence
tests do not suit the vision impaired persons. Those tests employ physical objects which need to be
seen and assembled such as the cubes and depend on the concepts of size, area and space. From another point of view the attention and hearing faculty of the vision impaired persons are usually strong
because they depend on them for a great extent (Mohammed and Fawzi, 2009).
166
Third: Linguistic Characteristics :
Acquiring language is not dependent on the vision skill. However vision impacts upon the verbal
communication. Vision impairment may preclude the learning of some expressions and may lead to
interruption in language and speech.
Fourth : Social Characteristics :
Social interaction and the ability to adapt affect the socialization of the vision impaired person.
Social attitudes towards the vision impaired person and training may enhance the socialization of the
vision impaired person. Training includes various life activities such as attending physical appearance
and moving from place to another which increase the self confidence of the vision impaired person
and decreased dependence on others.
Fifth : Psychological Characteristics :
The psychological characteristics of the vision impaired person do not differ from the ordinary
people. Similarly the emotional problems faced by the impaired persons do not differ much from
those faced by ordinary people. However the pressures on vision impaired persons are more. Hence
is the significance of the role of the family and the raising method of the vision impaired person to
live in peace with the society. On the other hand the vision impaired person is subject to more worries
in the adolescence phase (Mohammed and Fawzi, 2009).
Sixth : Academic Characteristics :
The vision impaired persons do not differ from ordinary persons in terms of education. However
the education of the vision impaired person requires modification in the teaching style and educational means in order to suit this category of people. The degree of impairment and the age of the
handicapped person should be put into consideration when designing means and styles of education
(Al Qaryouti, 2001).
167
Problems faced by Vision Impaired Students
Psychological Problems faced by Vision Impaired Person
- Worries and Loss of Confidence :
The very feeling of the vision impaired person that he is different from ordinary persons or from
those around him/her puts him in psychological disadvantage when he tries to move out of his
limited world or to integrate in the world around him or to be independent and free. In such cases
he returns back to his narrow world once faced with his disability and may cause to him psychological problems. Therefore the movement of the vision impaired is usually simple, perplexed and not
confident due to the fear that s/he may stumble or fall. Therefore s/he may lose the curiosity for
knowledge and exploration. S/he may become afraid of losing those who help him or supply him
with the visual information.
- Repression:
This is a mechanism that the vision impaired person resorts to in order to feel secured and to protect him/her from insulting remarks. Therefore s/he represses his/her wishes and stops doing some
things in order to make people accept him/her and this provides him/her a sense of security.
- Isolation :
Because of his/her feeling of disadvantage and difference the vision impaired person resorts to
isolate himself / herself as a mechanism to run away from the surrounding world which is unknown
to him/her except what s/he learns about it from others. However a vision impaired person may
exert extra effort to excel.
- Problems of Growth and Adolescence :
The vision impaired person may face problems in growth particularly in the adolescence phase as
growth at this phase comes almost to a full cycle. At this point in time the vision impaired person may
become frustrated and retreat to his inner world where s/he may extend the imagination faculty and
dream of a world that s/he does not have enough knowledge or understanding.
- Social Problems :
The vision impaired person lacks information that forms the social behavior and help imitating
others thus adversely affecting his/her social growth and social adaptation. Vision impaired person
may find difficulty in uttering words thus negatively affecting his social relationships.
- Educational Problems :
The number of schools designated for the vision impaired persons is insufficient. On the other
hand accommodating them in ordinary schools takes place often times on experimental basis. And
often times vision impaired people withdraw as a result to avoid the negative attitudes of others
(Shawhin, Greifat and Abd Shanboor, 2010).
168
Developing Alternative Senses for Vision Impaired People
First : Training the Touch Sense :
Touch sense is significant in recognizing objects, their components, sizes and dimensions; and in
recognizing similarities and dissimilarities between them besides the sensing pressure, pain and hear.
Training the touch sense includes :
1 - Developing the motor skills of the fine muscles of fingers by training the vision impaired person
to link objects, put on clothes, zipping, use tools of eating, form clay, bind paper and build cubes.
2 - Developing the skills of attention, memorizing and distinguishing by touch and compare the surface of things (rough, soft, solid or flexible) and temperature (hot or cold) and figures (square,
rectangular, cycle, triangle, cube or cylinder…) in addition to height, size and weight.
Second : Hearing Training :
Vision impaired persons receive a lot of their information on the external world through hearing.
Training the hearing faculty of the vision impaired person includes:
1 - Training on good listening and attention to voices
2 - Developing ability to recognize voices, distinguishing and identifying them
3 - Helping identify the sources and direction of voice and related concepts such as (up-down, highlow, right-left, east-west and south-north)
4 - Helping identify distance (near-remote)
5 - Helping to use voice as signal that help to move in the environment safely and securely
Third : Training the Smell Senses :
The smell sense is important to recognize smells that come from the surrounding environment
such as trees, plants, gardens, restaurants, hospitals, beaches… etc. Such smells help in recognizing
the components of the environment and locating the surrounding things. Smell may be trained via:
1 - Developing the experience of smells, awareness of and recognizing smells
2 - Developing the ability to distinguish between smells (perfumes, soap and smoke...etc)
3 - Developing the ability to locate the source of smells
169
Chapter 2
The role of technology in the
educational aspects for vision
impaired people
The role and importance of technology in developing the faculties of the vision impaired students
Prior to the computer era the vision impaired person used to face formidable problems in converting the great amount of information into images without the help of others. The invention of Brile
device helped a lot. However the computer made keying, retrieving and reading data a very smooth
and simple process.
The educational technology enhances the tangible recognition as illustrative drawings and figures
play a great role in clarifying the written language for the vision impaired student, distinguishing
objects and acquiring specific skills such as the proper pronunciation of vocabulary. It helps in training the student on organized thinking and solving problems that s/he faces in addition to diversify
experience and enhance language repertoire and proper concepts.
Following is a brief account of some helping devices :
- Krzweil Reading Device :
This is a computer that recognizes visual signals by virtue of a special camera that performs a quick
imaging of the content of a paper that the device reads loudly via a special tool. The user of this device may quickly control the resulting words or the tone of voice or spelling. However the price of
such device is high.
- The Optician :
This a device that converts written or printed information into electrical pulses that the vision impaired person may feel with the forefinger in the form of light pricks that represent letters. The user
directs the camera attached to the device towards the printed matter and moves it line by line while
picking the pulses of letter forms with the forefinger of the other hand. A vision impaired person
should have knowledge of the forms of visual letter forms in order to be able to use this device. This
needs special training.
- CCTV (Closed Cycle TV) :
This device comprises a screen linked to a small camera that picks all written and printed material
and amplifies the same on the screen which is equipped with special switches to control the size of
letter, color and light as the needs of reader may dictate. This device may be used for writing as well.
In writing the user writes beneath the camera then looks to the screen to adjust hands position during writing.
170
- Speaking Books :
These are books and journals and other information that are recorded on special recorders so that
a vision impaired person can listen without need to others to read to him/her. This also maybe helpful to students who suffer motor disabilities that prevent them of opening books and changing pages
or students with dyslexia.
- Mouse that helps vision impaired persons to recognize figures
This device helps the vision impaired persons to see electronic drawings by touch thus they can
see the details of a picture or map and to locate the place of country on map. It is a quality jump that
helped integrating the vision impaired persons in the surrounding society.
- Speaking image Scanner :
This device helps the vision impaired persons read the ingredients of containers and assorted
goods by listening to an electronic voice issued by an image scanner that reads the information they
need. The device is similar to those used by salesmen at the counters of shopping centers
- Synthetic eye :
This is a chip that is implanted beneath the retina and is linked to wireless waves outside the eye.
The camera picks the pictures and converts them into electronic waves then send them to the chips
again thus enabling the vision impaired person to see them.
The Role of the State of Qatar to provide sophisticated technological
devices to vision impaired persons
Thanks to the novel technology vision impaired persons countered the challenge of disability.
Thanks to the generous support of the Qatar Society for People with Disability modern technology
entered most houses and changed many concepts that were prevailing in the society regarding persons with disability.
- Modern technology is on the way to minimize the obstacles that get in the way of people with special
needs. The latter gets from the Society computers and software that suit them free of charge. By virtue of this support this category of people became able to surf the net and use skype. Al Noor Blinds
Institute provided devices to all students with vision impairment to enable them to integrate in
schools and educational institutes. Some of the vision impaired persons in Qatar started constructing their websites and digital offices. The Qatari Society of People of Special Needs provides free
computers and software and cooperate with families towards this purpose (Al Arab Daily, 2011).
171
Findings of the Empirical Study
First: The Questionnaire
Name:……………………………………..Class………………..
172
No
Item
1
There are jobs for vision impaired person that are technology dependent
28
5
8
2
It is now easy to integrate vision impaired people in the society thanks to technology.
25
1
15
3
Modern technology helped vision impaired people to show
their abilities and skills
30
-
11
4
Modern technology facilitated the communication between
the vision impaired person and surrounding society
35
-
6
5
Qatar provides support technology to educate and train vision impaired persons
34
2
5
6
E-books are available and within the reach of people with
impaired vision
37
2
2
7
Technological tools and instruments are available at the institutions and centers that help people with vision impairment
26
5
10
8
Qatar provides facilities and services at public places for people with vision impairment
28
3
10
9
Modern technology has great impact in facilitating the life of
people with vision impairment
33
3
5
10
Arabic websites are available on the net for people with vision impairment
31
4
6
11
Modern technology for people with vision impairment is
available at the learning resources centers at the independent schools
34
3
4
12
Modern technology helped people with vision impairment
to surmount the obstacles of time and place
32
3
6
Agree Disagree
Neutral
No
Item
13
Modern technology gave people with vision impairment
more freedom and independence
35
2
4
14
Modern technology is available to the people with vision impairment and within their reach
28
5
8
15
People with vision impairment can depend on their own
selves to make their needs met thanks to the modern technology
30
-
11
16
People with vision impairment can move easily thanks to the
modern technology
38
-
3
17
Modern technology impacted favorably on the education of
People with vision impairment
39
-
2
18
Modern technology enabled People with vision impairment
to self learning
33
2
6
Agree Disagree
Neutral
173
1 - There are jobs for vision impaired person
that are technology dependent
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
3 - Modern technology helped- vision impaired
people to show their abilities and skills
4- Modern technology facilitated the communication between the vision impaired person
and surrounding society
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
5 - Qatar provides support technology to educate and train vision impaired persons
174
2- It is now easy to integrate vision impaired
people in the society thanks to technology .
6 - E-books are available and within the reach of
people with impaired vision
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
7-
Technological tools and instruments are
available at the institutions and centers that
help people with vision impairment. .
8 - Qatar provides facilities and services at public places for people with vision impairment
.
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
9 - Modern technology has great impact in facilitating the life of people with vision impairment .
10 - Arabic websites are available on the net for
people with vision impairment ..
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
11 - Modern technology for people with vision
impairment is available at the learning resources centers at the independent schools
12 - Modern technology helped people with vision impairment to surmount the obstacles
of time and place
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
175
13 - Modern technology gave people with vision
impairment more freedom and independence
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
15- People with vision impairment can depend
on their own selves to make their needs met
thanks to the modern technology
16- People with vision impairment can move
easily thanks to the modern technology
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
17- Modern technology impacted favorable on
the education of People with vision impairment
176
14 - Modern technology is available to the people with vision impairment and within their
reach
18 - Modern technology enabled People with vision impairment to self learning.
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Neutral
Disagree
Disagree
Analysis of Findings (Questionnaire-Interview)
First : The Questionnaire
The analysis of the questionnaire reveals :
1 - 68% of the participants agree that there are professions (jobs) for the vision impaired persons that
depend on technology and this is congruent with the characteristic of this era the era of technology. However 20% were not of the same view and 12% were neutral.
2 - 61% of the participants were of the view that “It is easy for the vision impaired persons to be integrated in society by virtue of technology” while 37% saw things differently and 2% were on the
fence. This implicitly means that much as technology facilitated the life of vision impaired persons
it did not substantially changed the attitudes of the society towards vision impaired persons which
attitude ranges between pity and rejection.
3 - Regarding the item “modern technology helped vision impaired persons to show their abilities
and skills” 73% of the participants agree while 27% are of different position.
4 - 85% of the participants are of the view that modern technology facilitated the communication of
the vision impaired persons with the surrounding society. This maybe attributed to the availability
of communication means and facilities that the Government provides. By contrast 15% disagreed
5 - 83% of the participants hold that Qatar provides technology that supports the education and training of the vision impaired persons. This maybe attributed to the fact that there are many parties
that provide this technology free of charge. To the contrary 17% of the participants see things
differently.
6 - 93% of the participants think that the “e-books are within the reach of the vision impaired persons” while 5% were neutral and 5% disagree.
7 - While 65% of the participants agree that technological equipments and tools are available at centers and institutes that serve the vision impaired persons 13% were neutral and 25% disagreed.
This finding is attributed to the fact that some parties like schools leave it to other authorities to
provide tools and equipments for vision impaired persons.
8 - 70% of the participants pointed that Qatar provides facilities and services for the vision impaired
persons at public facilities while 8% were neutral and 22% were not of the same view. Maybe those
who disagree or who were neutral are not fully aware of those who provided services.
9 - A sizeable percentage (83%) of the participants believes that “modern technology impacted favorably on the life of the vision impaired persons” while 13% held different views and 4% were
neutral. This finding refers to the favorable impact of technology on the life of the vision impaired
person.
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10 - As for the availability of websites in Arabic language that may serve the vision impaired people
78% agree while 15% disagree and 10% were neutral. It is probable that the educational level of
families helps the vision impaired people to search for sites for them. The capability of the vision
impaired people to use the computer is another factor.
11 - Concerning the availability of technology for the vision impaired persons at the independent
schools 85% were in agreement while 12% were not and 3% were neutral. This may be attributed
to the different levels of awareness of the importance of technological means.
12 - While 80% of the participants hold that technology helps the vision impaired persons to surmount the restrictions of time and place 15% think differently and 5% were neutral. This means
that technology has facilitated the access to information and news through the internet and satellite channels.
13 - An overwhelming majority of participants (88%) think that technology gave more freedom and
independence to vision impaired people. Conversely 10% disagreed and 5% were neutral. This
result points to the high level of awareness of the existence of the facilities that are available to this
category of people.
14 - A considerable majority of the participants (75%) agree that technology is available to the vision
impaired people and within their reach. By contrast 20% were not of ths view and 5% were neutral.
15 - A considerable majority of the participants (75%) hold that vision impaired people can depend
on themselves in managing their daily affairs while 28% were not in agreement of this.
16 - A sizeable majority (65%) of the participants agree that the modern technology facilitated the
movement and travel of vision impaired persons while 35% were in disagreement.
17 - The overwhelming majority of the participants were of the view that modern technology impacted favorably on the education of vision impaired persons. Only a negligible percentage (2%)
did not agree.
18 - Lastly a vast majority (83%) of the participants agree with the statement that modern technology
provides vision impaired students with self learning opportunities compared to previous situation
while 15% disagree and 5% were neutral.
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Findings of the Interview
1 - How do you see the life of vision impaired people pre and post modern technology?
- All interviewees agree that modern technology made great difference in the life of the vision impaired people. It helped make them more free and independent. It helped them to move and travel
safely and to have access to the external world via the internet and self study.
2 - What support and technology you provide for the vision impaired people?
- Different parties provide supporting technology. In independent schools there is the portable computer, speaking programs, screen reader
Cobra - Braille sense – Gaws Program, etc.
Al Noor provides the technology that helps designing, drawings, maps and models besides printing
books in Braille and providing the same to independent schools where blind students study.
3 - The majority of employees hold that modern technology highlighted the life of vision impaired
people and brought the case of the vision impaired people to the agenda of governments and gave
them more space to share in the society via the communication media, conferences and seminars.
Vision impaired people thanks to modern technology go to souq and schools where inclusiveness
has become the prevailing trend.
4- How do you see the devices and technological software that Qatar provides for vision impaired people?
There was consensus among interviewees that Qatar provides modern technology to all impaired
people particularly the vision impaired people. A case in point is the establishment of “Mada” technology institute.
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Recommendation
1 - Educating teachers of vision impaired people to use devices in a proper way through training
courses to activate those devices in classrooms.
2 - Conducting training courses, workshops and lectures for guardians of vision impaired students to
train them on the use of modern devices.
3 - Providing more electronic resources in various fields
4 - Preparing programs via the media to raise the awareness of the public on the use of modern
technology for vision impaired people with a view to change the negative attitudes towards this
category of the society.
5 - Providing more books and electronic resources of various kinds in the resources center for vision
impaired persons
6 - Writing signboards and lift buttons in different places in Braille method
7 - Patronizing innovators of the vision impaired people and developing their projects and introducing them to the society to benefit from them
8 - Persisting efforts to provide modern technology to help vision impaired people
9 - Providing as much as possible of websites to help vision impaired people to communicate with the
larger world
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Research Reports
Impact of Child Targeting Cartoons
Shown on Arabic Children TV Channels
on the Moral &Ethical Patterns of Arab
Children at the Age of Six
Prepared by :
Dr. Ashraf Jalal Hassan Mohammad
Director of developmental
Project in Qatar Charity
182
Introduction:
socialization in its various institutions plays a major role in shaping the character and conscience of children; the top among those organizations is the family, the school and the religious
and social establishments. This is not a descending order in terms of importance as other factors such as age growth and the family, then school, the mosque, the club, and friends and social
relationships have also role.
Media coalesces with each of these institutions where the child starts to see those shows in his
second year of age, notice them in the first three year, and begins to understand and realize in
the age of four keeping in his mind many experiences and influences.
The questions is whether media organizations still do their job or have their role declined or
disappeared? In addition, what are the implications of that on the formation of the mentality,
personality, and minds of children?
In the period before the emergence of satellite TV and internet there was some kind of control
on what is displayed in the light of the limited options available, both at the level of the means or
channel or content. And the time that child devoted to watch TV was less than three hours. But
after the emergence of satellite television, internet and satellite specialized channels, the media
landscape of the child has completely changed and the number of hours have increased by virtue of the multiplicity and diversity of options, both of general or specialized Arabic or English
or dubbed and recorded or alive and manufactured or imported contents. A study estimated
that watching TV is the second most important activity performed by a child after sleep.
The region has witnessed the launch of several Arab specialized satellite channels for children,
such as MBC3 - Aljazeera children. The researcher has put these channels under quantitative
as well as qualitative observations for month and monitored many of the negative phenomena
provided by channels including those related to the nature and the quantity of words used.
Study Importance :
To come out with a proposed framework for the performance of these channels in the future
in order to activate their role, on one hand, and to orient the values and behaviors introduced
through them on the other hand. This framework should improve and develop this performance as these channels are one of the sources of socialization beside the family, school, club,
friends, and places of worship.
Study Problem :
The research problem is represented in answering a set of questions and scientific hypotheses, which can be summed in the following scientific question: "What is the impact of Cartoons
Shown on Children Arabic TV Channels on the Moral & Ethical Patterns of Arab Children at
the Age of Six?"
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Research Objectives :
1 - Monitor the values and behaviors transmitted by children's programs and films that are
shown on the Arab satellite channels
2 - Measure the percentage of Arab content compared with foreign presented content via those
channels (in quantity and quality) whether it was in the programs or in cartoons
3 - Analyze the values and behaviors provided and the extent of their legitimacy and justification
4 - Analyze the positive and negative image parameters through which children's programs are
shown
5 - Identify the extent to which the content of what is introduced suits the correct educational
standards to be provided for children
6 - Measure the nature and extent of Arab children's exposure to those channels
7 - Measure the views and preferences of Arab children to those channels
8 - Identify the views of parents regarding the nature of the contents provided through these
channels
9 - Compare viewing, liking, and preference rates among Arab children by different variables,
such as:
• Gender : (Males & Females)
• Nationality: ( Qatari – Egyptian – Sudanese- from Levant)
10 - Identify the most important proposals for future development of these channels.
11 - Interpret the results of the field study in the light of the most important findings that
emerged from the study by providing analytical background that may allow discussion of
the aspects and results of those studies.
Results & Recommendations :
From the reality of reading the results of this study and in the light of previous studies we can
recommend the following :
1 - Since the mentality of the Arab child and its construction is the most important thing that
should be taken care of, we have to invest in it through the equation that combines between
fun and education by creating an interactive media system able to entertain and educate the
child together at the same time
2 - The importance of paying attention to the seriousness of unencrypted Arab satellite channels, which offer a huge asset of software and foreign animations without supervision to determine what, should and should not be provided. Content analysis has resulted in dozens
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of flagrant cases that necessitated a stand and analyze what is offered in the light of special
identity of Arab societies, particularly when related religion or moral values
3 - There is a growing need for the establishment of an Arab media observatory via satellite for
monitoring , recording, analysis of what is offered and coming out with important results,
conclusions and inferences about what can affect the mentality of the Arab child
4 - Adoption of media education curriculum in schools, child's cultural centers and children's
clubs to help inculcate sound conscious watching and instill sublime values via the said programs.
5 - The importance of addressing all the institutions of socialization, especially the father and
mother as the first and most important institutions of socialization then the school, friends
groups, and clubs to exercise their conscious role in meeting the psychological, social and
emotional needs of the child
6 - Investing animation as an artistic popular form not only on entertainment, but also at school
so that the cartoon character turns into a friend that can provide entertainment and amusement and at the same time educate, direct and instruct
7 - There is an urgent need to reconsider the Arab production, which until now depends on
tradition and imitation rather than depending on innovation and creativity. This can begin
gradually not only by dubbing the foreign productions but by finding Arab Cartoon Characters that have a clear impact such as Bakar Character
8 - The importance of contacting those responsible of the specialized channels for the purpose
of codification the values and the positive attitudes that are presented through these channels within the framework of a studied plan or a clear strategy
9 - The need to undertake a regular assessment of the children's programs and the preparation
of quarterly or semi-annually reports presented to the responsible of the TV channels in order to re-introduce the positives and avoid negatives in the program maps same as practice
reports
10 - The importance to activate the media codes of ethics and the establishment of specialized
festivals for children's programs like Children's Film Festival so that it displays the production of different countries and identifying the better according to a value standard first
then in terms of productivity
11 - Islamic education in its general sense is a good help to avoid and minimize the negative effects of channels and to support the positive impact together with creating a good environment at home, school and neighborhood to keep the inherent faculties of the child.
12 - Preventive Culture: where parents should educate themselves to understand the effects of
television on children and the ways to avoid its risks. According to Elizabeth Thoman, a
manager of a center that gives lessons to educate parents through an eight-hour session
entitled: (Parents in the Age of Television): "If children in high school will watch 20,000
hours before graduation would not parents have eight hours to make sure that the time for
viewing will be fruitful or at least not devastating?"
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13 - Find out the useful alternatives and educate by entertainment through practicing with a
view to make both children and youth happy by innocent games and entertainment tools
14 - Education by example: it is easy to write a book in education or develop a theory, but it is
difficult to make it a human that moves, it is difficult for the public to learn a lesson from
a curriculum of literature and books, but it easy to learn it from a live model. Education by
example does have a deep impact not only on preventive education, but also on the interests of nations. Prophets all were humans in order to be emulated.
15 - Education from events: the exploitation of different occasions; to take lessons and sermons,
life is events and attitudes that happen in a row, and the events and attitudes have their
own factors and their causes, and also have their results and outcomes, and in every event
or situation there is a lesson which we have to learn
16 - Discover the useful interests and talents of children and develop them. This contributes to
diverting them from harmful interests as well as helping them to configure themselves
perfectly and shape their personalities
17 - Teaching them responsibility, and let them bear it since their childhood. All educators
see that developing the sense of responsibility in the child must be the goal that parents
should seek in the education and the bringing up of their kids
18 - Preventive education through dialogue and educating children on openness and discussion in all the useful things, including consultation on family matters, and involve them in
family decisions, each according to age and maturity, and hear their opinions and respect
them. This has a role in the construction of their personality, and building useful convictions espoused by the child in the future, which assists him in the prevention from what
could offend him later
19 - Sitting with the child while watching the cartoon , discuss what is in it, teach him criticism
and distinguishing right from wrong , and instilling the true faith in the hearts of our children and alarm on doctrinal errors that are disseminated by those cartoons in a way that
fits their minds
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The Impact of Social
Change on Gulf Family
& Its Effects on the child
Prepared by :
Kulthum Hammoud Ali Almiqbali
Supervised by :
Ahmed bin Ali Al Balushi
187
1 - Identify the different stages the society went through and the characteristics of each stage
2 - Monitor any progress of the society compared to what was in the past
3 - Study the effects of social change and determine whether they are positive or negative
4 - Evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of the means used by the community, either to raise the
speed of change, to rationalize it, to guide it or modify its path
1 - Show the most important social changes that have affected the families in Gulf area
2 - Identify the negatives and positives resulting from those changes
3 - The impact of the role of women in all fields
4 - Highlight the most important changes that have occurred in the values and culture of contemporary Gulf
5 - Highlight the most important factors that contributed to the change of the Gulf society
6 - Raising the awareness of some families regarding the developments that have taken place in
the community
Research Question :
What are the changes that have occurred in the community in jobs, values and social roles
within a specific period of time, and what are the effects of these changes on the Gulf family in
general and its children in particular?
The Conclusion & Recommendations :
1 - Establish centers to qualify would be couples to get married, including :
- Tests before marriage
- Knowledge of the rights and duties of both couples and the basics of communication
among each other
- How to properly raise children
- Take responsibility for their children and exchange roles among each other
2 - Open centers and clubs for juvenile rehabilitation
3 - Coordinate with offices getting foreign workers to train them on how to do household chores
and how to take care of children
4 - Open a kindergarten in the workplace
5 - Articulate school curriculum for women in order to make them aware of their rights and duties in the society.
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Planning for Muslim
Child Literature
Prepared by :
Mr. Ahmad Mubarak Saeed Abdullah
A legal researcher and a member
in the comittee of consultants in the
Ministry of Shura and Represintitves
affairs in KSA
189
The Importance of the research :
Taking into account the developments witnessed in children's literature at the present, despite some obstacles, the stuff presented to the child via literal forms showed an increased deficiency. In addition, violating privacy may hinder overcoming such crisis. This is due to the fact
that the broken maturity of the Islamic Nation, especially those who speaks Arabic.
The research on the issue of finding a modern format for children’s literature that is consistent with ongoing changes is important. The the interest in this sector cannot come except from
a mature society that understands that building human being– especially during childhood- is
the first step to the coming nation's glory. This sensitive period either makes or breaks. Either we
come out with a human who believes in his own abilities and skills and is able to be a contributor
or we fail.
Towards such effect attention should be given to children's literature as it is the fertile oasis to
grow up the society and improve its human wealth, which is the target of development in every
single society. This requires the necessity to urge attention to this field and utilize it in a way that
can guarantee shaping the human's personality based on the view of Islam to this gifted human
among all other species due to what Allah has put in us of skills that make us eligible of the vicegerancy of Allah in the ground.
Research Problem :
While the children’s literature in Arab and Islamic countries has become dull and deteriorating the children’s literature in the Western countries is becoming more attractive. Hence the
need for the private and official efforts to combine in order to come out with a planning based
strategy with a view to uplift the children’s literature in our Islamic societies from the deteriorating situation. Professionalism is essential to achieve innovation and creativity which are the
antithesis of haphazard and spontaneity that became useless and devoid of merit. The situation
could be attributed to the absence of unawareness of the dynamics of this filed, or because of
random writing for children, or due to the conflict between targeted directions through which
children's literature is being utilized in our societies. At the same time, you find people who encourage the utilization of children's literature to instill religion in the child but this should not
obstruct innovation and creativity. By contrast you might find those who recommend the imitation of the Western experiences without working on filtering them and analyzing their contents.
This direction may result in enhancing the universal human values; then, there would be
no problem. However, it may damage the ideological cells that produce the child's trends and
hence kill such trends in other related and prominent matters as a result of unfiltered translated
literature.
190
Objective of the research :
This research aims at revisiting the historical roots of children Islamic literature and other
related matters and their implications to the child's literature crisis in our modern societies
and the exerted efforts to articulate children's Islamic literature and the strategic techniques
based on planning, which are quite enough to make a quality jump through which we can easily
achieve what we are looking for and move forward in the Islamic child's literature regarding the
appearance, content, and utilization.
Research Question :
How to produce Muslim child's literature and create an identity that is characterized by creative planning for this literature through literate genres that are entertaining and attractive, and
at the same time developing and empowering children’s skills and abilities?
- Encourage cooperative and institutional work in the industry of children's literature
- Employ children's literature through digital techniques
- Make use of the literate techniques that are used in the adult literate and employ that in the
children's literature
- Establishing platforms to criticize and study the child's literature and pay a special attention to
this kind of literature
- Produce professional and well –written children's literature
- The editor of the children's literature should have several skills so that he/she can produce
well-done literature including:
1 - To be aware of the mental, physical, and lingual progress related to each period of childhood
2 - To be widely opened to the international and Arabic children's literature
3 - To provide what is appropriate for the child's age
4 - To provide simple but not silly literature
5 - To see the surrounding world in the eyes of children, which is not available in many composers, and in order to overcome such difficulty, some publication authorities have paid
attention to choose a group of young authors to be specialized in writing for children; so
they can be next in the lineage of the specialized few authors in this field in addition to
providing various facilities to shape up their skills and talents.
191
6 - To differentiate in his writing between writing in a book, a theatre, TV, and radio. This
means he has to be fully aware of every kind of media in order to ensure success and professionalism in his work.
7 - He has to be polite as children's literature is ethical and educational
- Make a positive use of the literate artistic courses in the Western world in order to find the intelligent creative producers that we are lack in the field of modern arts
- Look for pure new vocabulary from Islamic literate heritage
- Find the literate child
192
Domestic Violence & its
Implications on Children
Prepared by :
Mohammad Adel Hashim Abd Ala'al
King Saud University - Department of Zoology
193
Importance of the research :
1 - Highlight the phenomenon of domestic violence, especially against children
2 - Enlighten parents to the seriousness of domestic violence, which can lead to behavioral disorders
of children
3 - The significant prevalence of this problem in our society and the lack of research focused there
on.
4 - The results of the current study can be useful in counseling programs to modify aggressive behavior in children at their adolescence
Research Problem :
The subject of the study emanated from the increase of domestic violence and its significant dramatic escalation in the recent times as a function of contemporary cultural changes and sweeping globalization encounters with foreign cultures and content broadcasted through satellite TV channels.
This phenomenon has become a pressing issue that captures the attention of researchers, social
specialists, Social Care organizations, and institutes interested in domestic affairs because it has become a major threat not only to the lives of individuals but also to the society as a whole . It also
became a phenomenon with great threats to the family and its role in life which threats mitigate the
family’s performance and its social and educational functions and may supplant instead of them abnormal extreme behavioral patterns.
Here's the question that arises :
Is there a relationship between practicing domestic violence on children and their aggressive behavior?
- Determine the relationship between domestic violence and aggressive behavior of children.
- Determine whether there are differences between males and females regarding aggressive behavior
- Determine whether there are differences between males and females regarding the domestic violence practiced on them
Research Question :
What are the forms of domestic violence and how do they impact on the behavior of children?
Perhaps we can after this quick review of the results of the current study regarding the relationship
between the aggressive behavior and domestic violence, conclude in the following points the main
results of this study:
1 - Increasing domestic awareness through the intensification of programs related to family and society through various kinds of media
2 - Set forth rules, legislations and special regulations to deal with the cases of children exposed to
194
violence
3 - Assess the risks using scientific research methods, dealing directly but not superficially with the
problem and its implications, developing plans and programs to face the potential risks, supporting and helping those affected, providing training and dissemination to establish a culture
of awareness of the issues and people concerned with them. This should happen not by symbols,
signs and gestures, but by a real confrontation of the problem and its consequences
4 - Establish family protection institutes, allocating one or more national institution to carry out
awareness and prevention programs as well as increasing the effectiveness of intervention and
reporting mechanisms in cooperation with the relevant authorities
5 - Organize seminars and conferences about domestic violence which include serious research and
working papers to address the situation
6 - The Government’s intervention to dismiss the family’s guardians whose incompetence for guardianship is proved and assign guardianship to another relative and obligating the former to pay
expenses. If that is not possible alternative families can be solicited to take care of children who
are victims of domestic violence
7 - The existence of a link between the victims and available advising entities through the creation of
hotlines for these entities that can provide advice and assistance if necessary
8 - The important of religious awareness and guidance to protect society from the problems of domestic violence since the Islamic teachings explain the importance of compassion and family bonds.
There are also a number of Quranic verses and Hadiths that show the importance of this matter.
According to Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), Prophet Muhammad (Peace and
Blessings be Upon him) said: 'He belongs not to us (i.e. not a true Muslim) who neither respects
the older nor shows sympathy for the younger'
9 - Enlightening and raising awareness of women about their rights and high status
10 - Promote the culture of dialogue and respect others' opinions within the family, through programs directed to the family and those who are getting married
11 - Raise awareness among community members about the seriousness of this phenomenon and the
significance to report it
12 - Give a chance for aggressive people to vent and unload through the exercise of useful activities
(Sports - Artistic – Hobbies)
13 - Provide psychosocial and physical rehabilitation services for abused children
14 - Support the role of the social and psychological therapist for children to help abused children
in school and at home
15 - Organize awareness sessions for students and their parents about the dangers of violence as a
mean of dealing in general and to deal with children in particular
16 - Conduct studies and research on this phenomenon to determine the types of causes, treatment
and prevention
17 - Conduct research and surveys aimed at knowing the volume of the phenomenon of violence
against children
18 - Coordinate between community institutions in order to address the phenomena of domestic
violence and minimizing the causes
19 - Implement an advisory program to reduce aggressive behavior among students.
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Public Safety in Malls
Prepared by :
Ghada Fahad Hajri,
Almiadh Faisal Al-Tamimi
Sheikha Mohammad Al-Mohannadi.
Supervised by :
Abeer Almuhaize
196
Albayan first Elementary
School - sixth primary
The importance of this research emanates from the importance of its subjects, that is safety in
malls, and the measures that have been taken to secure safety there especially after the events of
Villagio fire ... despite of the magnitude of this compound it was vulnerable to fire.
Research problem :
What is the relationship between observing public safety instructions and fire and accidents
in malls?
Research Aims :
The research aims to articulate preventive methods to observe safety and security instructions
in malls.
Search Query :
Are there security and safety conditions which should be available in malls?
Search results :
1 - Failure to provide adequate emergency exits, and closing the emergency exits.
2 - Misusing parks as shops or offices and not providing adequate emergency exits and proper
ventilation.
3 - Not training the workers in compounds on firefighting
4 - Not providing parks for civil defense and smoke suction fans
5 - Lack of awareness of compounds visitors about how to behave in event of fire in the commercial compound.
6 - Failure to observe public safety laws in the establishment of malls, which put the lives of workers at risk.
7 - Smoking in closed places and malls should be prohibited for many reasons, the most important of which is that it may cause outbreak of fires.
197
Concluding Remarks and Recommendations :
1 - The development of individual culture through awareness programs about safety.
2 - Strict emphasis on public safety standards in buildings and facilities.
3 - Strict emphasis on the prevention of smoking in closed places.
4 - Ensure safety regulations in restaurants inside malls.
5 - Provide wide exits and entrances, in the event of fire so the visitors of the Commercial compound do not crowd.
6 - Training the employees in malls about how to put down fires which minimizes the number
of injuries and deaths.
7 - Provide first aid in malls.
8 - Periodic inspection of fire equipment (water hoses - fire extinguishers) inside malls.
9 - Designated parking for civil defense and ambulances
10 - provide maps for emergency exits
11 - Do not use flammable materials in malls.
198
You & Energy Drinks
Prepared by :
Teacher Ahmed Gad
Jamilyla Primary, Preparatory
and Secondary School for Boys
199
To determine whether energy drinks have harmful effects on human health
Research Problem :
The students drink a lot of energy drinks, so is there a threat on their health and fitness because
of these drinks?
Enlighten students with the characteristics of energy drinks and its effects on physical health.
Research Results :
- Energy drinks cause obesity
- Energy drinks are harmful for the gum and teeth
- Lead to addiction, anxiety and sleeping disorders
- Cause fatigue, stress, neurological seizures and unjustified anger
- Cause an increase in weight and high blood pressure
- Diuresis strongly which cause dehydration, especially among the elderly
- The largest percentage of the amino acids found in these drinks causes straining of liver and kidneys.
- Conclusion & Recommendations:
- Promoters of energy drinks target the young people of both genders through the messages sent
to them via media. These messages talk about vigor, vitality, strength, excitement, fun and thrill
and link them unscrupulously with the increase of the physical abilities. Unfortunately, a number
of companies in the Arab world violate the legislation and laws and do not comply with posting
warnings and risks on their own containers. Therefore, we must avoid drinking energy drinks and
replace them with natural drinks like fruit juice and eat foods full of nutrients that properly build
the body.
200
Types of Books
Possessed by the Qatari Family
Prepared by :
Madawi Rashid Alfahida
Al Shaqab Independent
Primary School for Girls
201
The importance of the research :
The importance of this study lies in identifying the contents of the family library as it has a
significant role in building the personality of the individual. If parents have an undeniable role
in shaping their children's personalities, the book provided to their children has an integral role
in the refinement of their children’s characters and their future orientations.
Objective of the research :
1 - This research aims at surveying the types of books possessed by the Qatari family, in order
to know the intellectual orientations of it and see what type of cultural material is being provided for the whole family
2 - Determine to what extent are Qatari families interested in establishing a library in their
house, by gathering information about the number of books a family has at home as well as
through knowing the amount of money spent by the family to buy books
3 - Identify if the Qatari families are interested in providing books appropriate for their children
Research Question :
What types of books does the Qatari family possess?
Research Methodology :
1 - A questionnaire has been prepared and 300 copies of which were distributed to students'
parents/guardians; we got 202 copies back. 22 copies were excluded for non-completion of
the answer or due to a difficulty in reading the font or lack of clear answers. 180 copies were
approved, which were equal to 60% of the total number.
2 - Personal interviews to collect information related to the subject of study
Research Results :
1 - The religious books are the most available books in the Qatari Family Library, followed by
children's stories
2 - The Qatari Family Library lacks diversity in books types
3 - The Qatari Family Library is considered small compared with the number of books put in
it and it does not contain books that suite different age groups in the family
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Recommendations :
1 - Ask the ministries and institutions to issue useful, diversified and specialized books for different ages
2 - Ask the ministries and institutions to distribute different versions of their published books in
different occasions through the outlets in public places and malls
3 - The ministries and institutions should through their Web site display and categorize the
names of the various books issued by the Ministry to help the family easily and quickly pick
up the books.
4 - Encourage the family and educate it about the importance of the diversity of books in the
libraries through workshops, seminars and various media
5 - Issue a publication or brochure to clarify the importance of the diversity of books in the home
library
6 - Hold contests between families in terms of the number of books, the diversity of books, and
the extent of their coverage to the different age groups in the house
7 - Invite families to visit ministries’ libraries and institutions to see the books that have been
issue and help choose books.
203
The Impact of Technology
Addiction on Children’s Personality
Prepared by :
Omar Nasr El Din Omar
Yousuf Ahmed Lotfi
Al-Wafaa
Independent Model
School for Boys
204
Supervised by :
Fatima Al-Marri
(Learning Resources Centre Officer)
Highlight the role of technology and its significant impact on today's generation, whether it is
a positive or a negative impact.
Research Problem :
1 - What are the psychological, social and health effects resulting from child’s use of the internet?
2 - How to resolve this phenomenon and dilute its impact?
- Clarify the impact of using technology on the child's personality from both behavioral and
psychological aspects.
- Clarify the role of family in dealing with the phenomenon and how to protect its children
Research Question :
What are the effects of using technology on the child's personality from both behavioral and
psychological aspects and how to mitigate the negative impact?
Research Results :
- 29% of students said that they always use the internet when they return home and after waking up.
- 48% of them said that they sometimes do that while 54% prefer to spend their time on the
internet and in chatting rooms more than spending it with their parents
- 54% find that life without internet is dull and dreary
- 32% stated that using the internet has affected their sleeping and eating habits.
- 24% stated that using the internet has affected the health of their eyes.
Conclusion & Recommendations :
Technology and its products like computers, iPads … etc. took children from parks, neighborhoods and squares where they used to play and pinned them in front of rigid screens resulting
in their indolence, sluggishness and intellectual and psychological isolation.
However we cannot prevent the technological advance from accessing our homes as it provides our children with a chance to enjoy a socially and intellectually healthy life. However, the
only option remaining is to make viable balance between what is human and intimate and what
is electronic and technical since we cannot separate between both of them.
Therefore, there are some recommendations that could minimize the impact of technology:
- Parents should carefully and strictly monitor their children not for the purpose of for reining
but for guidance and assistance
- Reduce the number of hours spent by the child or a teenager in front of a computer screen
provided that he/she uses this time to have some useful and social family relations
- Parents should have a good knowledge of how to use modern technology so that they can follow up and guide their children
- Schools and governmental institutions shall encourage the old games through sport, music,
and arts of all kinds and provide sufficient time to play in the clubs and entertainment centers.
205
Our streets!!
For how long ??
y : Qurmoshh
upervised b
S
bdul Rahim Yousef
A
:
y
b
d
re
a
p
Pre
Maaz Abdul Khaliq
Muthanna
206
Ali Albaredi.
Mohamed Shaker
Fahad Mohsen
ol for Boys
ependent Scho
bin Haritha Ind
We chose this research because it addresses a problem and a phenomenon which we observe in the
alleys of areas and streets.
Through our search for the causes of this problem, we want to reach solutions and methods of
treatment to resolve this problem, whereas we discussed the reasons and asked for ancillary solutions
to reduce this problem and we administered questionnaires to cleaning workers and the frequenters
of Muaither Street specifically.
Research problem :
The problem of the research has been focused on a key question and other sub-questions contained in the questionnaire papers about the deterioration of the streets in general and Muaither
Street in particular.
Aims of Research :
1 - Identifying the problems in Muaither Street.
2 - Investigating the causes of the problem through questionnaires and interviews conducted by frequenters and users of the street.
3 - Reaching remedial solutions to dilute this problem and educate a generation that is aware of the
cleanliness of his streets and region and that is committed to protect it.
Search Query :
What is the main reason behind the deterioration of Muaither Commercial Street?
Sub-questions :
- From your point of view, do you consider that Muaither Commercial Street one of the clean streets?
- Does the street suffer from deterioration in the infrastructure?
- Are you one of the permanent visitors of the street?
- Do you think that the responsibility for the deterioration of the street lies in “the Ministry of Municipality”?
- Does the street suffer from permanent overcrowding at peak times?
- Do you think that Traffic Management and Patrols play their role effectively to reduce the traffic?
- Do you think that the shopping centers are one of the causes of lack of cleanliness of the street?
207
Population and limitations of the study :
The study was conducted on visitors and drivers of Muaither Commercial Street.
Research sample :
they were some of the visitors and drivers in the street where we distributed more than 20 questionnaires.
Study results :
- Increase the trash baskets along Muaither Commercial Street.
- The absence of the role of the municipality or diminishing its role led to the aggravation of this
problem.
- Monitor and increase the clean workers and provide them with advanced methods and tools for
cleanliness.
- Impose penalty on drivers and shops, which throw trash and do not bother throwing it in their allocated place.
Recommendations of the study :
- Work hard to provide the streets with more garbage baskets.
- Choose clean workers who are empowered and careful about the cleanliness of the area allocated
to them.
- Make awareness campaigns on cleaning, and banners in the streets to remind passers-by to maintain
cleanliness.
- Study the possibility of putting light signals in the Commercial Street to avoid congestion which
causes several problems.
- The Ministry of the municipality has to be more serious in working to develop streets in general and
the commercial ones in particular.
208
A Survey Research
about School Morning
Tardiness for Junior High School female
Students in the State of Qatar
Prepared by :
Talah Abu Samaan
AlMuthanna Bin Haritha Independent School For Boys
209
Research Problem :
Morning tardiness causes many problems that badly affect the student and the educational staff. Therefore, it is important to study the main factors causing this problem.
Since the aim of this study is to examine the reasons behind morning tardiness, the
main questions will be as follows :
1 - What are the main reasons related to the student that cause morning tardiness?
2- Are there any reasons related to parents/guardians? If yes, to what extent are they important?
3 - Is the school responsible for the morning tardiness? How? Why?
4 - What are other reasons that can lead to morning tardiness?
Research Objectives
The study aims to :
1 - Examine the reasons of morning tardiness
2 - Diagnosis of the causes of the problem
3 - Conduct an operational plan to solve the problem
4 - Increase the level of parents' participation
5 - Work on raising the discipline
Research Question :
Reasons of school morning tardiness for junior high school students in the State of Qatar?
Research Methodology :
A questionnaire consisting of 21 items has been developed. The questionnaire used the Likert
scale, which consists of five choices: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Don't Agree, and Strongly Disagree. After the distribution of the questionnaire, a website using Excel has been designed to analyze
the results and draw graphs, which have been used for the purposes of analysis.
210
Research Results :
Both disciplined and undisciplined students blamed the school in 3 areas :
- Rigidity of school laws (66% undisciplined students & 82% disciplined students hold such views)
- The unavailability of recreational programs (64% undisciplined students & 73% disciplined students think so)
- The length of the class time (74% undisciplined students & 75% disciplined students fell so)
Suggestions & Recommendations
Suggestions for Schools
- Make 5 minute break time between every 2 classes (48% see that the length of the class time is the
reason)
- Make use of good weather to carry out school activities programs such as camping and planting flowers (64% think that the unavailability of recreational programs is the reason)
- Assign a specific time within the school scedulke for extra-curricular activities (64% think that the
unavailability of recreational programs is the reason)
Suggestions for Parents :
- Transfer their children to neighboring schools (47% believe that the distance between the school
and home is the reason)
- Use the school buses for transportation (73% believe that the family has only one transport).
Suggestions for Focus Group :
- Build up a positive relationship between the student and the teacher in case there is a bad negative
relationship between both of them.
- Raise the awareness of the student regarding that her teacher who is just wishing her the best and
does what is in her benefit
- Municipality and Traffic Department have to extensively work together during the morning period
in order to alleviate traffic congestion and provide alternative ways especially for those leading to
the schools
- Provide transportations to the students who belong to different geographical dispersed schools
- Focus on the disciplined student not late student as an award for them.
211
For your suggestions
[email protected]
212

The Impact of Technology Addiction on Children

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