2001 Earth Science SOL Test

Transcription

SESSION: 40 PAGE: 1 11/15/101 10:38 LOGIN IS-pam PATH: @sun1/xydisk2/CLS_psycorp/GRP_virginia/JOB_537591g11/DIV_g11estest
VIRGINIA
STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS
Spring 2001 Released Test
END OF COURSE
EARTH SCIENCE
SESSION: 19 PAGE: 2 11/14/101 8:38 LOGIN IS-pam PATH: @sun1/xydisk2/CLS_psycorp/GRP_virginia/JOB_537591g3/DIV_g3mathtest
Property of the Virginia Department of Education
䉷 2001 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe
Building, 101 N. 14th Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except
as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the
copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may photocopy or
print any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposes without requesting
permission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia
Department of Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting.
Earth Science
2
DIRECTIONS
Read each question carefully and choose the best
answer. Then mark the space on the answer
sheet for the answer you have chosen.
All of the following are sources of
energy derived from the ocean
except —
EY11C303
coal 墍
G thermal
H tides
J waves
F
SAMPLE
墍
C
L
Which of these can be used to measure
atmospheric pressure?
An anemometer
B A barometer 墍
C A thermometer
D A seismometer
A
3
surface temperature
B motion through the universe
C diameter
D distance from the Earth 墍
A
1
EY02B406
墌
C
1908
1915
1920
ArtCodes
EY02B406.AR1
A star might be much brighter than it
appears to be. This is called the star’s
absolute magnitude. The difference in
apparent magnitude and absolute
magnitude is due primarily to the
star’s —
The pictures show the same stars at
different times. Which hypothesis is
best supported by these data?
The stars are moving toward one
another.
B The three stars are moving very fast.
C One star is moving around another star. 墍
D The biggest star is closest to the Earth.
A
3
EY14B207
墍
C
;;;;
4
6
Mineral Classification
EY05A401
墌
C
Mineral
Crystal
System
Bauxite
Amorphous 2.0-2.5
White-brown Al2O3
Hematite
Hexagonal
Cherry-red
Density Streak
5.2-5.3
Chemical
Formula
Fe2O3
Pyrolusite Tetragonal
4.7-5.0
Blue-black
MnO2
Uraninite
7.5-9.7
Metallic
black
UO2
Isometric
1
These minerals may be grouped together
because they all have —
EY10B311
墍
C
L
ArtCodes
EY10B311.AR1
2
Key
the same crystal systems
G constant density values
H shiny streaks
J the oxygen ion 墍
F
5
EY12D201
墌
C
Clay
Basalt
Limestone Sandstone
Siltstone
Scientists use drill core samples to
study the underlying rock structure.
These two core samples were obtained
from the ocean floor from locations
separated by 10 km. Which layer in
core sample one does not have a
matching layer in core sample two?
Water vapor is lighter than many
atmospheric gases such as oxygen,
nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Why
then doesn’t water vapor rise above
these other gases to a higher level of
the atmosphere?
Basalt 墍
G Clay
H Limestone
J Sandstone
F
Water vapor contains other elements
that give it weight.
B The cool atmosphere condenses the
rising water vapor and causes it to fall
back to Earth. 墍
C The water molecules are attracted to
molecules of heavier gases and remain
in the lower regions of the atmosphere.
D There is an attraction among the water
vapor molecules to hold them together
close to the Earth.
A
4
7
8
Worldwide CO2 Release
Greenland
EY03D499
f fi
Ba
墌
Country
n
C
Tons/Year
(per capita)
Ba
5.9
Canada
5.2
Germany
3.1
United Kingdom
2.9
Japan
2.3
France
2.0
Italy
2.0
World Average
1.2
墍
C
y
United States
EY07D401
ArtCodes
70°N
EY03D499.AR1
is S
Dav
Iceland
trait
60°N
Icebergs
ArtCodes
EY07D401.AR1
B
50°N
The countries shown here released
much more CO2 than the rest of the
world because these countries have the
largest —
C
Nova
Scotia
40°N
A
D
number of people
amount of rainfall
H number of heavy industries 墍
J amount of land per person
F
G
30°N
70°W
60°W
50°W
40°W
30°W
20°W
The wireless operator aboard the
Titanic signaled for help and gave the
ship’s location as 41ⴗ45ⴕN and 50ⴗ14ⴕW.
Which area shown on the map is most
likely where the Titanic struck the
iceberg?
9
A墍
B B
C C
D D
A
The presence of many metamorphic
rocks in Virginia is an indication that
the area has been subjected to —
EY08A403
intense heat and pressure 墍
B limited volcanic activity
C deep ocean venting
D massive solar bombardment
A
5
墍
C
10
12
EY10A101
墌
EY06B201
墍
D
C
C
C
ArtCodes
ArtCodes
EY10A101.AR1
EY06B201.AR1
B
The picture shows a limestone building
block. Which observation best shows
that the limestone was formed from
ocean sediments?
The
G The
H The
J The
F
thickness of the rock layers
number of fossils
type of fossils 墍
size of the fossils
A
What appears to have occurred at the
area labeled B?
Sediment was deposited on sloped
ground.
G Sediment was deposited on sloped
ground that later became level.
H Sediment was deposited on level ground
that later tilted. 墍
J Sediment was deposited on level ground
that stayed level.
F
11
About how long does it take the Earth
to make one complete rotation on its
axis?
EY14A108
墌
C
One
B One
C One
D One
A
day 墍
week
month
year
13
Which of these energy sources
produces the least harmful
environmental effects?
EY07B403
Nuclear
B Fossil fuels
C Solar 墍
D Hydroelectric
A
6
墍
C
14
EY08C108
墌
C
16
All of the following support the theory
of continental drift except that —
The Southern Hemisphere is warmer
in January than in July because —
it is experiencing summer 墍
G the cold winds are concentrated in the
Northern Hemisphere
H the sun puts out more energy
J the hole in the ozone layer allows more
heat into the atmosphere
the continents seem to fit together like
pieces of a puzzle
G there are similar fossils on different
continents
H mountain ranges in South America and
Africa line up
J the North Pole and Antarctica are
covered with ice 墍
F
F
EY04C205
墍
C
L
17
15
EY08B409
10
EY01A105
mL
10
墍
mL
墌
9
9
C
L
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
Before
After
C
1
ArtCodes
ArtCodes
EY01A105.AR1
2
River
3
Ocean
Which answer below matches the
number in the drawing with the
correct name of a sedimentary
formation?
1-delta, 2-continental rise, 3-flood plain
B 1-alluvial fan, 2-flood plain, 3-delta 墍
C 1-barrier island, 2-continental shelf,
3-alluvial fan
D 1-continental shelf, 2-continental rise,
3-barrier island
A
One step in determining the metal
content of a ring is to find the volume
of the ring. What is the volume of this
ring?
1.7
B 3.0
C 4.7
D 7.1
A
mL 墍
mL
mL
mL
7
EY08B409.AR1
18
EY09D301
墌
C
L
20
Only 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh
water. The world’s oceans contain the
rest of the Earth’s water. Of that 3%,
three-fourths is tied up in glaciers, ice
caps, and snow fields. Antarctic
glaciers contain nearly 85% of all the
ice in the world, and floating sea ice in
the Arctic contains 10% of the ice. Sea
ice freezes from ocean water, but the
salt is excluded in the freezing process,
resulting in mostly freshwater ice.
Where is the remaining 5% of the
world’s permanent supply of ice and
snow?
A student sees a very bright star in the
sky and thinks it might be the planet
Venus. Which observation would lend
EY02D202
support to this conclusion?
墍
After a few minutes, its position relative
to the surrounding stars has changed
significantly.
G After an hour, its position relative to the
horizon has changed.
H After an hour, its brightness has faded
significantly.
J After a month, its position relative to
the surrounding stars has changed. 墍
F
C
High mountain peaks 墍
G Permanent Arctic blizzards
H Floating icebergs
J Drifting Antarctic snow
F
21
Plate Boundaries
EY04A306
墍
19
EY11B308
墌
C
L
C
L
Oil spills have a tremendous impact on
the ocean environment, and the oil
must be cleaned up after these spills. A
new technique for cleaning oil from
beaches is called bioremediation. This
technique uses naturally occurring
bacteria to break down the oil. How is
this accomplished?
ArtCodes
EY04A306.AR1
Which of the following major
earthquakes did not occur at a
boundary between tectonic plates?
The bacteria bind with the oil and bring
it to land.
B The bacteria pull the oil down to the
ocean floor.
C The bacteria chemically change the oil
into less harmful substances. 墍
D The bacteria die and absorb the oil.
A
South Carolina (U.S.A.) 1886 墍
B San Francisco (U.S.A.) 1906
C Messina (southern Italy) 1908
D Chillan (Chile) 1939
A
8
22
24
Sinkholes associated with natural
processes are characteristic of what
type of bedrock?
Hurricane Zones
60°
N
40°
EY09B301
墌
C
L
EY13C303
Limestone 墍
G Granite
H Basalt
J Gneiss
墍
20°
F
0°
C
Equator
20°
ArtCodes
40°
S
EY13C303.AR1
20° E 40°
60°
80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° 160° 140° 120° 100° 80° 60°
40° 20°W 0° 20°
According to the map, most hurricanes
occur where —
23
the oceans are warmest 墍
G the landmasses are largest
H the atmosphere is driest
J areas of greatest population exist
F
Which diagram represents the
placement of the sun, Earth, and moon
during a lunar eclipse?
EY04C104
墌
C
Sun
Sun
ArtCodes
EY04C104.AR1
EY04C104.AR2
EY04C104.AR3
EY04C104.AR4
25
A
C
Sun
B
墍
Sun
D
Geologists think that parts of the
Appalachian Mountains formed
originally from sediments
accumulating in shallow swamps. The EY10D202
墍
weight of the sediments caused the
C
area beneath them to sink, allowing
more sediments to accumulate. The
process continued until many layers
had formed. Then tectonic processes
folded the layered sediments into a
range of mountains. What evidence for
this theory can be found in the current
structure of these mountains?
Some rocks making up these mountains
show signs of volcanism.
B The form of these mountains is very
eroded.
C The mountains exhibit folded layers of
rocks containing fossils from shallow
water. 墍
D The mountain range consists of parallel
ridges of different ages.
A
9
26
Mercator Projection of North America
28
75°N
EY03A201
墌
Alaska
C
L
is nearly stationary and on the horizon墍
G is nearly stationary and directly
EY04C315
overhead
墍
H rises barely above the eastern horizon, C
moves along the southern horizon, and L
sets in the West
J rises straight up in the East, passes
directly overhead, and descends straight
down in the West
F
60°N
ArtCodes
EY03A201.AR1
Canada
45°N
United States
M
30°N
xi
e
15°N
The pole star, Polaris, is nearly
stationary and straight overhead when
seen from the North Pole. When
viewed from the Equator, it —
co
0°
In this Mercator map of North
America, Canada and Alaska together
appear larger than the United States
and Mexico together when in fact they
are smaller. What causes this
distortion?
29
0
0
25
25
5
Mountains get flattened on a map so
that mountainous areas look larger than
they really are.
G The northern regions are enlarged
because the shallower parts of the
oceans are frozen.
H The latitude and longitude lines create
an optical illusion.
J The map is a projection of a round world
onto a flat surface. 墍
F
20
5
20
10
15
10
15
EY05A112
墍
C
ArtCodes
EY05A112.AR1
Using this procedure, what property of
a mineral can be found?
27
EY08B203
墌
C
Which of the following is an example of
chemical weathering?
Crystal arrangement
B Specific gravity 墍
C Brittleness
D Fracture
A
Splits in a rock due to tree roots
B Pulverized rock resulting from a
landslide
C A rock broken into chunks after
being carried by rapidly flowing water
D The dissolving of limestone by acid
rain 墍
A
10
EY13C404
墌
C
32
Moist air from the Pacific Ocean rises
and cools as it passes from west to east
over the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
Once it is over the mountain range, the
air descends and warms on the other
side. What is the result of the air
ascending, then descending over the
mountains?
Average July Temperature
30
Temperature (°C)
30
Desert on the west side of the
mountains and heavy rains on the east
side
G Heavy rains on the west side of the
mountains and desert on the east side 墍
H Heavy rains on the west side of the
mountains and year-round snow on the
east side
J Desert on the east and west sides of the
mountains and heavy rains on top of the
mountains
F
North
Lake
EY02B403
墍
25
C
20
ArtCodes
15
EY02B403.AR1
10
5
Land
0
40
Distance (km)
80
South
Lake
Hypothesis: In the summer, the
warmest air will be closest to South
Lake.
According to the data shown by the
graph, the warmest air during the
summer will be found —
closest to North Lake
G above South Lake
H above the land between the lakes 墍
J closest to the water level of the lakes
F
31
EY06A404
墌
C
Because granite cools below the
surface of the Earth, it is —
an igneous extrusive rock
B an igneous intrusive rock 墍
C a sedimentary rock
D a metamorphic rock
A
33
Fish are abundant in areas where the
ocean is upwelling because it —
causes currents that carry fish into the
area
B brings nutrients to the surface 墍
C causes surface turbulence that attracts
fish
D changes tidal flow in that area
A
11
EY11A206
墍
C
34
EY14A401
墌
C
Parallax can be used to measure a
star’s —
37
distance from Earth 墍
G atmospheric temperature
H gravitational strength
J surface composition
Which of these best shows
wind-deposited sediments?
F
EY08B120
墍
C
L
A
ArtCodes
EY08B120.AR1
EY08B120.AR2
EY08B120.AR3
EY08B120.AR4
35
Many quarries in Virginia produce
crushed stone. What industry uses the
most crushed stone?
EY07C401
墌
C
36
EY06C204
墌
C
Plastics
B Construction 墍
C Electronics
D Steel
A
B
All of the following are characteristics
of metamorphic rocks except —
C
flattened crystals
G colored, parallel layers
H bending from pressure
J holes from trapped gases 墍
F
D
12
墍
38
0°
90° 6
60
° 90°
39
EY03A103
墌
30
°
C
0°
°
30
ArtCodes
Not all fossils have been preserved
inside soil or rock. Explorers in Siberia
have discovered the bodies of ancient
mammoths so well-preserved that the EY10A201
墍
flesh could be eaten. What do you
C
think preserved the mammoths in such L
a perfect state?
EY03A103.AR1
Water
B Ice 墍
C Leaf mold
D Carbon dioxide
A
40
Shale
Sandstone
Limestone
Breccia
30
°
0°
60° 9
Horizon
°
90
60
°
30°
0°
EY10B105
墍
C
Shale
ArtCodes
EY10B105.AR1
Star
Sandstone
What is the position of the star above
the horizon?
Limestone
35⬚ 墍
G 40⬚
H 55⬚
J 60⬚
F
Breccia
Which layer in this area is the
youngest?
Shale 墍
G Sandstone
H Limestone
J Breccia
F
13
41
墌
C
43
2200
0
200
EY08C499
What is the fewest number of
seismographic stations that must
record the arrival time of P and S
waves in order for the epicenter of an
earthquake to be located?
EY01C407
1800
18
墍
00
C
G
or
ge
2
B 3 墍
C 5
D 10
A
ArtCodes
18
Byrd
Point
00
EY01C407.AR1
1620
Bo
1632
und
ary
16
80
Williamsville
1734
1625
42
Ford
EY09C204
墌
Scale
C
1 : 24,000
Contour Interval 40 feet
Cem
ArtCodes
EY09C204.AR1
What is the actual distance
represented by 1 inch on this map?
Permanent water table
Cone of
depression
24 feet
B 40 feet
C 24,000 inches 墍
D 48,000 inches
A
Saturated ground
water zone
This picture shows a simple well that
was dug down to the groundwater.
What probably caused the lower level
of groundwater, known as a “cone of
depression,” in the vicinity of the well?
44
The weight of the atmosphere presses
down on the groundwater in the well.
G The ground below the well acts as a
vacuum sucking out the water.
H Gravity pulls down the water beneath
the well.
J As water is drawn from the well, it
takes time for the groundwater to
percolate through the soil and restore
the level. 墍
F
The amount of power that can be
generated by a hydroelectric dam
would be most dependent on which
two factors?
EY07E201
墍
The width of the dam and the
construction material of the dam
G The volume of water going over the dam
and the distance that the water falls 墍
H The surface area of the reservoir and
the shape of the reservoir floor
J The temperature of the water and the
amount of oxygen that it contains
F
14
C
45
47
Span of Different Fossils
A
EY10C404
墌
B
C
Atomic Spectra of Certain Elements
D
500
nm
C
600
nm
ArtCodes
500
nm
EY10C404.AR1
Triassic
600
nm
Neon
Permian
500
nm
600
nm
Carboniferous
Sodium
500
nm
The diagram shows the distribution of
different fossils. During what geologic
time period would they have existed
together?
600
nm
Calcium
Spectrum of Star X
Jurassic
B Triassic 墍
C Permian
D Carboniferous
A
500
nm
600
nm
Which of these elements does this star
contain?
46
Mercury
B Calcium 墍
C Sodium
D Neon
A person weighs more on the Earth
than on the moon because the Earth
has a greater —
A
EY14A106
墌
C
density
G atmospheric pressure
H magnetic strength
J gravitational pull 墍
F
15
墍
C
Mercury
Jurassic
EY14B110
ArtCodes
EY14B110.AR1
48
Weather Observed at
Charlottesville, Virginia
EY13A301
墌
Temperature
23°C
C
Humidity
38%
Dewpoint
8°C
Wind
East at 9.7 kph
Pressure
1020 mb
Sky Condition
Clear
Visibility
24 kilometers
ArtCodes
EY13A301.AR1
Weather Observed at
Norfolk NAS, Virginia
Temperature
13°C
Humidity
89%
Dewpoint
11°C
Wind
East at 12.9 kph
Pressure
1020 mb
Sky Condition
Mist
Visibility
10 kilometers
49
The mineral resources of Virginia can
be conserved by doing all of the
following except —
EY07A205
recycling
B reducing
C regenerating 墍
D reusing
A
50
墍
C
L
A boat will float higher in the Atlantic
Ocean than it will in the Potomac
River because ocean water has —
EY11A408
a lower freezing point
G more organisms in it
H more oxygen in it
J a greater density 墍
F
Which factor would best explain why
Charlottesville is clear while Norfolk
has mist?
Temperature
G Humidity 墍
H Wind speed
J Pressure
F
16
墍
C
Answer Key
Test
Sequence
Correct
Answer
Reporting
Category
Reporting Category Description
1
C
001
Scientific Investigation
2
F
003
“Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater”
3
D
004
Astronomy and Space Science
4
J
002
Geology
5
B
003
6
F
002
Geology
7
A
001
8
H
002
Geology
9
A
002
Geology
10
H
002
Geology
11
A
004
12
H
002
Geology
13
C
002
Geology
14
J
002
Geology
15
A
001
16
F
004
17
B
002
Geology
18
F
003
19
C
003
20
J
001
21
A
002
Geology
22
F
002
Geology
23
C
004
24
F
003
25
C
002
Geology
26
J
001
27
D
002
Geology
28
F
004
29
B
002
Geology
30
G
003
31
B
002
Geology
32
H
001
33
B
003
34
F
004
35
B
002
Geology
36
J
002
Geology
37
B
002
Geology
38
F
001
39
B
002
Geology
40
F
002
Geology
41
B
002
Geology
42
J
003
43
C
001
44
G
002
Geology
45
B
002
Geology
46
J
004
47
B
004
48
G
003
49
C
002
Geology
50
J
003

2001 Earth Science SOL Test

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