Serrat Capdevila - WPP_Stockholm_2014_ESA_Session

Presentation from the
2014 World Water Week in Stockholm
www.worldwaterweek.org
©The Author(s), all rights reserved
www.siwi.org
Water from Space
Opportunities and Limitations on the
use of EO for Water Management
Aleix Serrat-Capdevila, D. Alejandra Garcia, Noosha Tayebi, Luis
E. Garcia, Diego Rodriguez, Marcus Wijnen - The World Bank
Earth Observations in Support of Sustainable Water Management
Stockholm WWW 2014
The Water Partnership Program
• Multi-donor trust fund supporting technical assistance
and analytical work to bolster project preparation and
implementation across all water sub-sectors.
• Platform that brings the best knowledge, science,
skills, and solutions to match the challenges at
hand.
• Presently supported by the governments of The
Netherlands, United Kingdom, Denmark and Austria.
http://water.worldbank.org/wpp
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
Improve quality and effectiveness of WRM.
Better serve client countries and enhance
impacts of WB water related operations
Develop and disseminate a clear picture of
Remote Sensing Products and applications:
 Availability and State of the Art
 Relevance for solving water problems
 Evaluation: potential & limitations
(joint use, validation)
(errors, reliability)
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
A practical, result-oriented approach:
– Based on Project Needs and Constraints
– Demand Driven
– Not to show what technology can do, but
what is desirable and will work from an
operational point of view.
– Emphasis on validation and reliability
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
Portfolio Review
Water & RS
Diagnosis
• Identify opportunities for use of
EO for WRM
• How can the World Bank better
capitalize on EO?
Portfolio Review of the
WB Water Sector
• 775 World Bank projects from 2004-2012
with water sectors or WRM themes as
primary or secondary share of the lending.
• The sectors encompass a range of water
resources activities:
Water supply and sanitation – irrigation –
hydropower – flood control – environment –
management – planning – transboundary
issues, etc…
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
Portfolio Review
Water & RS
Key Data &
Information
Diagnosis
• Identify opportunities for use of
EO for WRM
• How can the Bank better
capitalize on EO?
Key Data and Information Needs
• From the water sector activities in the
portfolio review:  key variables and
information needs for each activity.
Point Coverage
Areal Coverage
WR
WR
Activity
Activity
P
WR
Average Values
Extreme values (low and high)
Land Pumping Land
Soil
Wind
Snow
cover
& GW Subside
Water
Pumping
T
ET
NDVI
Q
Moist. Speed GW Rech GW Lev. SW level Cover
SWE
changeLand
change
nce Land
Elev
Quality
Pumpi
Soil
Wind
Snow
cover
& GW Subside
Water
Land ng &nce Elev
P
T
ET
NDVI
Q
Moist. Speed GW Rech GW Lev. SW level Cover
SWE
change change
Quality
rain
met
eddy
stream probes,
met
snotel
rights,
cover point
GW Pumpi
Land point Water
calculate wells,
stage
local
Land
ng satellite
&
WR Policy
gaugeradar,
station
cov.
N/Asatellite,
gauge
field
station
quotas,
meas.,
calculate
satellite
satellite
Soil
Wind
GW gauges
GW N/ASW stations
Snow
chang
Chang
Subsid
Qualit
pzmtr
assess.
sample
WR Planning network network
satellite
satellite
satellite
models d
satellite
satellite satellite
satellite
satellite
satellite
tower
networkN/Ameas.
network
& other
wells
survey
cover
GW
Land
Water
satellite
plane
d
,
plane
, plane
, plane y
P
T
ET
NDVI
Q Moist. Sp.
Rech Lev. level Cover SWE
e
e
ence
Elev
WR
Activity
WR
Activity
Activity
WR
P
Design Hydropower
xT
Activity
min,
Time Interval
Adequate Time Series Length (years)
P
x ET
hours,
Design Irrigation
Design Flood
Control
P hours,
T
ETx
days
days
Operations WSS
T
ET
x
NDVI
NDVI
Q x
QSoil
Moist.
Soil
Wind
GW
Wind Sp. GW Rech
Moist.
Speed
Landchang
Pumpin
GW
SW Snow
changLand
Subsid
Qualit
Lev. SW levelSnowCover SWEcover e g & GWeSubside
ence ElevWatery
Rech GW Lev. x level xCover x SWE xchange change
nce Elev
Quality
Land Pumping Land
min,
min,
days,
years
Soil
GW
GW
SW days
Snow days weeks
coverhours & months
GW Subside
hourly,Wind
month Water hours,
hours,
daily RechdailyLev. week
(bathy
x days change
x years months,
NDVI 7-16Qdays Moist.
levelmonths
Covermonths
SWEx season
change
nce
Elev Quality
daily Sp. x
years
days,
days
weeks
years
metry)
months
10-5010-50- 5-1010-50 10-15 10-15
100
100
20
5-1020
NA
10-30- 20-5070
100
5-40
30
10-20-40
10-60
10-30100
NA
3-10-20
• Potential role of RS products & applications
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
Portfolio Review
Water & RS
Key Data &
Information
Mechanisms for RS
Assistance
Diagnosis
• Identify opportunities for use of
EO for WRM
• How can the Bank better
capitalize on EO?
Mechanisms for RS assistance in WB
projects
Earth Observation for Development
a WB knowledge management initiative
Eoworld - European Space Agency
US Government & WB
JAXA & WB
WB Initiatives & Services
Nile Cooperation for Results Project
GeoWB/GeoCenter
Africa Spatial Help Desk
External Initiatives & WB
TIGER Initiative
NASA SERVIR
TIGER-NET
Open Landscape
Partnership Program
The WB and the use
of Remote Sensing
• 80 projects out of the 775 project portfolio
have made use of RS data or applications.
~10%
• Capacity development is needed in the
WB and client countries on:
When is convenient to include RS data
in water sector projects, for what type
of applications, and how ?
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
Portfolio Review
Water & RS
Key Data &
Information
Windows for RS
Assistance
Diagnosis
• Identify opportunities for use of
EO for WRM
• How can the Bank better
capitalize on EO?
“Understanding Water through
Space” workshop, 20 world experts
(April 2014, The Hague, NL)
Potential Applications in the use of EO
for Water Management
Water allocation planning &
reservoir operations
• In large poorly-gauged basins (high Tc):
 Precipitation, ET, Soil Moisture
 Hydrologic Monitoring & Prediction
Water allocation planning &
reservoir operations
• Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent:
water availability of snowmelt.
Combining RS & in-situ observations & snow models
From http://www.nohrsc.noaa.gov/nsa/
Flood Warning
• Water level altimetry + hydrodynamic models
from http://apps.iwmbd.com/satfor
Flood Warning
• Caveats & Difficulties of rainfall-runoff
Flood Prediction. (errors in rainfall tend to
accumulate in flood peak estimates)
• Central America Flash
Flood Guidance:
HydroEstimator Satellite Product &
“excess amount of rainfall for a threehour period over what is needed to
cause bankfull flows in
small streams”
Flash Flood Threat Index
Irrigation Water Management
• ET: detect irrigated extensions and quantify water use:
~Irrigation efficiency: reduce non-productive ET
~Crop water productivity: crop kg per m3 of water
~Verify insurance claims of non access to water
• Soil Moisture: Monitor irrigation
needs to increase irrigation
efficiency
• SM & ET & Farm Studies:
characterize EO signatures of
desirable farming practices.
Water - Energy Nexus
• ET estimates: monitor impacts of
energy subsidies on GW pumping.
• RS real-time data for reservoir operations
for hydropower production.
And other opportunities for:
~
~
~
~
~
~
Drought & Food security
Monitoring Small Waterholes
Managed Aquifer Recharge
Water Quality
Flood Mapping
Land Use Planning and Policy
The WPP Remote Sensing Initiative
Portfolio Review
Water & RS
Key Data &
Information
Windows for RS
Assistance
Diagnosis
• Identify opportunities for use of
EO for WRM
• How can the Bank better
capitalize on EO?
“Understanding Water through
Space” workshop, 20 world experts
(April 2014, The Hague, NL)
• State of the art of RS products
• Guidelines for operational
applications for WR activities.
Scoping Study
Demonstration projects & Case Studies
Next Steps: RS Initiative
Phase 2 - Implementation
• Case specific methodological approaches
• On-demand support for
– Capacity development activities
– Project assignments, case studies, pilot projects
• Knowledge dissemination, advocacy and capacity
building:
– Regional events –
Briefing notes – case profiles – technical reports
Research &
Experimental
The key challenge:
“Crossing the Valley of Death”
Operational
Management
Applications
Need for Capacity Development:
 Technical capacity
 Customized applications to specific decision-making
challenge
 Complex data processing (data handling, data
assimilation, bias correction, model re-calibration,
validation)
 To focus on the problem and not the tool
 Empower, enable control and direct access to data
 Computational capacity
 Knowing the benefits of including the use of RS data
 Varying accuracy of RS data and
applications:
By data product & application
By region and topography
Capacity development through
site-specific validation of applications,
addressing the needs of management
Research &
Experimental
Operational
Management
Applications
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
Thank you
http://water.worldbank.org/wpp