IslamicDay-ArabianCultureDay-Islam in Sham

Islamic Day: Arabian Cultural Day
June, 30-2012
www.tsukubamosque.com
Islam in Sham
Cultural Aspects
Mohammed Hayyan Alsibai
30/ June / 2012
Presentation Structure
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Sham name and meaning
History at glance
Islamic History in Sham
The cultural impact of Islam
Photos from Sham
Sham the name meaning
• Bilad al-Sham
• Levant
• Greater Syria
• Natural Syria
land of the left
hand, Yemen
land of the right
hand
• The name Syria is
derived from the
ancient Greek name
for Syrians or
Akkadian Aššur.
• Others believed that
it was derived from
Siryon, given Mount
Hermon.
Iraq
Palestine
Saudi Arabia
History derived from archeology
• 10,000 BC Sham was one of centres of Neolithic
culture where agriculture and cattle breeding
appeared for the first time in the world.
• Archaeologists European and western always have
demonstrated that civilization in Sham was one of
the most ancient on earth.
• From 2000 BC, Sham was occupied by Canaanites,
Phoenicians, and Arameans , Egyptians,
Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians and Hittites.
Persians Macedonians and Greeks. And finally
Romanians (Roman Empire period)
Clay tablet from
Ebla's archive
Roman theatre in Bosra
The desert city of Palmyra
• Sham is significant in the
history of (nowadays)
Christianity: Apostle Paul, was
converted on the Road to
Damascus and emerged as a
significant figure in the
Christian Church at Antioch in
ancient Syria, from which he
left on many of his missionary
journeys.
Church of Saint Simeon
• They discovered many things in sham like the
first alphabet, the first living person, ….. But
do we need this???!!!!! It is important of
course but something is more important.
(Theory vs. Truth)
History which we (Muslims) are sure
and more interested about
• Ruins is mostly for people who didn’t follow
messengers of Allah the God of all humans.
• We should not be proud to be Phoenician or Saurian …
• We are all from Adam and Adam is from ….
• Allah created Adam then he descended to earth (some
traces says in Sham).
• Allah taught him all the names.
• Messengers become after Adam to teach people the
way of Allah.
• The Father of Prophets is Ibrahim was Sham
and went to Mecca to build the first house of
Allah. Then Muhammad SAAS travelled from
Mecca to Alquds before alquds is Conquested
yet.
Islam entering Sham
• Roman rule 7 centuries
• Invaded by the Sassanid Persians on : 3rd, 6th
and 7th centuries.
• Beginning of 7th century, Arab Muslim forces
had appeared on the southern borders even
before the death of the Islamic Prophet
Muhammad (Mu'tah in 629).
• This after messages to Hercules.
Arabic Islamic
• successive waves of migrations from the Arab
Peninsula
• After the Islamic message reached it, Sham adopts the
Arabic and Islamic identity which is the identity for
most of the Syrian nowadays.
• We consider that we managed to withstand the
invasions by Hittites, Persians, Greek and Romans.
• The Islamic conquest of 636 A. D. only confirmed this
Arab identity and gave a sense of unity to the land and
in this way Sham became a part of the Islamic
civilization.
Rules of Muslims invaders
"I call you to God and to Islam. If you
respond to the call, then you are
Muslims: You obtain the benefits
they enjoy and take up the
responsibilities they bear. If you
refuse, then you must pay the jizyah.
If you refuse the jizyah, I will bring
against you tribes of people who are
more eager for death than you are
for life. We will then fight you until
God decides between us and you."
Alquds
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After Alyarmouk battle muslims Move to alquds
After siege `Umar Ibnul-Khatab called from medina
He the city on foot, as a gesture of humility.
There was no bloodshed. On the contrary, those who
wanted to leave were allowed to do so with all their
possessions and were guaranteed a safe passage.
• While those who wanted to stay were granted
protection for their lives, their property, and their
places of worship.
• Umar declined the offer to pray Church of the Holy
Sepulcher, lest in years to come Muslims might try to
turn it into a mosque in his memory.
Alquds
The Dome of the Rock, constructed by
Ummayad Caliph Abd al-Malik in 691.
When the Crusaders captured
Jerusalem in 1099, they used the
mosque as a palace and church, but its
function as a mosque was restored
after its recapture by Saladin in 1187.
Present-day building of the Church of
the Holy Sepulchre, where Sophronius
invited Caliph Umar to offer Salah.
Islam in Sham today
Since 634 AC we still consider ourselves in major
Arab Muslims although there is a big mix in
ethnics.
Muslim sects are Shias, Sunnis, Alawites, and
Ismailis including the Druze. The majority is
Sunni.
• Islam in Syria comprises 87% of the total
population.
• Islam in Lebanon comprises 65% of the total
population of Lebanon.
• More than 90 percent of population in
Jordan adhered to Sunni Islam
• Islam is a major religion in both Israel and the
Palestinian territories. Muslims, mostly Arab
citizens of Israel, constitute 16% of the Israeli
population. 75% of the population of the
West Bank, and 99% of the population of the
Gaza. Before 1948
Figures in thousands
New 4 countries
• The nowadays 4 countries was so called after
the French and English occupation (mandate
as they claim)
• It was a result of what is called “The Sykes–
Picot Agreement (1916)” after the expected
downfall of the Ottoman Empire during World
War I.
• First thing to do was archeological discoveries
and interpretation of them.
The cultural impact of Islam
1- Houses
The cultural impact of Islam
2- Masjid
Dome
minarah
Mihrab
Minbar
The cultural impact of Islam
3- public bath
The cultural impact of Islam
4- Art
Calligraphy
Font, Geometric
Plants, Mosaic
The cultural impact of Islam
5- Marriage ceremony
The cultural impact of Islam
6- Ramadan festival
The cultural impact of Islam
7- Eid
The cultural impact of Islam
7- clothes
Photos
Inhabited churches
Modern places
Airport
Parlement
Anbar
Othman era
Hijaz train station
Palmyra a kingdom stopped in roman
face
BC
Salahuldin
Nurrudin grave and school
Alaqsa
• King Azzaher
Aleppo Citadel
Hama
Damascus today
Thank you very much for your attention.
Resources:
• Mainly wikipedia (Arabic and english)
• http://www.islamweb.net
• http://Islamicstudies.info
• Data from ministry of tourism Syria