peshe 3 - ESHE - European Society for the study of Human Evolution

Transcription

European Society for the study of Human Evolution (ESHE)
4 th Annual Meeting
Florence, Italy • 18 – 20 September, 2014
Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution 3
Cover image: Saccopastore I
"The discovery of the Neanderthal cranium at Saccopastore (Roma) demonstrates that these humans lived in Latium,
together with the large extince mammals of the Pleistocene, during the interglacial, being witness to the last eruptions of the nearby
volcanoes." Translated and adapted from S. Sergi, 1929 (Rivista di Antropologia vol. XXVIII).
Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution 3
Citation: PESHE 3, 2014
© 2014 European Society for the study of Human Evolution,
All rights reserved
PESHE 3 compiled by Alyson Reid
Cover Design: Carolin Herold (www.ch-grafikdesign.de)
ISSN 2195-0776 (Print), 2195-0784 (Online)
ESHE · CONTENTS
President’s Welcome Letter
4
ESHE Board and Supporting Institutions
5
History of the University of Florence
6–7
History of Anthropology in Florence
8-9
Keynote Speech: Professor Guido Barbujani
10
Comparing genes across linguistic families
Excursion Information
11 – 15
Conference Program
16 – 24
Abstracts
Index
25 – 175
177 – 179
WELCOME LETTER
Dear Participants of the 4th Annual meeting of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution,
Welcome to Florence!
We are very pleased to welcome you to Florence, whose fame for its artistic beauties is well known to
world. Together with its art, history, landscape and food, Florence is also important for its science
with the University that has its origins in the Studium generale, established in 1321. This scientific
legacy is particularly evident in the impressive scientific collections of the Natural History Museum,
founded in 1775, and you are encouraged to visit its various sections during your stay in Italy. This
year’s excursion will provide the opportunity to visit the area of the Grotte di Equi (cave and shelter),
set in a beautiful landscape in the northern tip of Tuscany, where recent activity resumed old excavations in late Pleistocene deposits.
As the 4th annual ESHE meeting commences, the successful journey of the society continues. In early
August 2014, the society’s membership included 375 individuals. Continuing in the ESHE tradition,
the number and quality of the submissions for presentations at our annual meetings has remained very
high. Taking into account the experience of the first three ESHE meetings, the board has decided to
extend the length of our yearly conference to 3 days in order to comfortably accommodate its scientific program.
In order to encourage and facilitate the participation of students in the conferences, it has also been
decided to dedicate a portion of the society’s budget to travel grants, supporting those presenting posters or papers. Preference will be given to student participants coming from distant and/or disadvantaged areas. These grants will be offered in addition to the prizes awarded since 2013 for outstanding
student posters.
During our general assembly an important issue will be to vote for the renewal of the board officers
who work to manage the society and the preparation of the yearly meetings.
We are very grateful to our 2014 local organizers, who have made the Florence conference possible, in
particular to Prof. Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi (Department of Biology, Università degli Studi Firenze) who
headed most of the local organization with the assistance of the colleagues of his Department: Prof.
David Caramelli, Prof. Roscoe R. Stanyon, and Prof. Marco Bazzicalupo (Head of Department) and
to Prof. Lorenzo Rook, Head of the Department of Earth Sciences Prof. Guido Chelazzi (President,
Natural History Museum), Prof. Giovanni Pratesi (Director, Natural History Museum), Dr. Emanuela
Paribeni (Superintendency for Archaeological Heritage, Tuscany) and Dr. Alessandro Palchetti (B&P
Archeologia).
The 2014 ESHE meeting is sponsored by the Fondazione Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, the
University of Florence (BIO, DST, MSN), the Istituto Italiano di Antropologia and the Associazione
Antropologica Italiana . It is also supported by the Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana.
The preparation of the meeting and the publication of our abstract volume have been made possible
by the endless work of the ESHE Board Officers and Board Members and in particular by Alyson Reid,
Philipp Gunz, Shannon McPherron, Marie Soressi and Thomas Terberger.
In 2015, the meeting of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution will take place at the
British Museum (London, UK) and its organization is already well advanced.
With best wishes,
Jean-Jacques Hublin
President, European Society for the study of Human Evolution
4
ESHE · BOARD
Board Officers
Jean-Jacques Hublin, President
Wil Roebroeks, Vice President
Marie Soressi, Secretary
Fred Spoor, Adjunct Secretary
Thomas Terberger, Treasurer
Regular Board Members
Anne Delagnes
Sabine Gaudzinski
Philipp Gunz
Michelle Langley
Shannon McPherron
Paul O'Higgins
Chris Stringer
Gerhard Weber
Local Organizers
Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi, Anthropology labs., Department of Biology
David Caramelli, Anthropology labs., Department of Biology
Roscoe R. Stanyon, Anthropology labs., Department of Biology
Marco Bazzicalupo, Head, Department of Biology, BIO
Lorenzo Rook, Head, Department of Earth Sciences, DST
Guido Chelazzi, President, Natural History Museum, MSN
Giovanni Pratesi, Director, Natural History Museum, MSN
Emanuela Paribeni, Superintendency of Archeological Heritage, Tuscany
Alessandro Palchetti, B&P Archeologia
Main Sponsors
Fondazione Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze
University of Florence (BIO, DST, MSN)
Istituto Italiano di Antropologia
Associazione Antropologica Italiana
With the support of:
Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana
5
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE
Origins and general information
The University of Florence can trace its origins to the Studium generale, which was established in 1321.
The importance of the Studium was sanctioned by a bill by Pope Clement VI, with which the securities issued by it
were recognized and validated. With this bill, the ‘privilegia maxima’, already granted to the University of Bologna
and Paris was extended to Florence. In 1364 under the Emperor Charles IV, the Studium became Florentine Imperial
College. When the Medici obtained power of the government of Tuscany and moved it to Pisa in 1472: transfers of the
Studium to Pisa became frequent, depending on the changes in government. Charles VIII brought it back to Florence
from 1497 to 1515, the year in which, with the return of the Medici, the Studium was again moved to Pisa. Despite
this final move, many courses remained in Florence. Research carried out in the numerous academies flourished in the
meantime, such as the Accademia delle Crusca and the Accademia del Cimento, the first scientific society established
in Europe in 1657. In 1859, the University reemerged as Istituto di Studi Superiori (Institute
of Higher Education). In 1923 it was established
as a fully-fledged public university.
The University of Florence is one of the largest
organisations for research and higher education
in Italy, with over 1900 tenured teaching staff
and researchers, over 1600 permanent technical/
administrative staff and language assistants and
over 55,000 students enrolled. The University
is structured into 10 Schools: Agriculture, Architecture, Economics, Education and HumaniSchool of Education and Humanities, main Building
ties, Engineering, Law, Human Health Sciences,
Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, Political Science, Psychology. Scientific research is carried out in the 24
Departments of the University, grouped into 5 major areas: Social Sciences, Humanities, Sciences, Technology and
Biomedical. A large part of the yearly budget is allocated to scientific research. In the recent past the University of
Florence has been ranked top among Italian Universities in the distribution of national research funds. High-level
research avails itself of the “centres of excellence”, which attract funding and form synergies with other institutions.
School of Architecture, main building
Library Humanistic Studies
6
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE
Libraries and Museum
There are approximately three-and-a-half million books and a large number of periodicals available in five libraries
covering the main disciplinary areas, with around 60 annexed reading rooms. The university library system also offers
online catalogues and many other resources in digital format (journals, articles, books). Students are offered courses
for guidance in the use of the library and in bibliographical research, as well as rooms with computer work stations
that are also open in the evening.
In collaboration with other universities, important projects are underway which will increase direct access to databases
and full-text electronic periodicals from individual work stations. The digital publishing service provided by Firenze
University Press., F. U. P., can be considered a model university publishing house; it cooperates with professors and
researchers to promote and increase the value of scientific and didactic production, thus offering electronic and paper
publications scientifically guaranteed by the university itself.
The most important natural history museum in Italy belongs to the University of Florence. It is also one of the oldest and most renowned museums at an international level: the Museum of Natural History, founded in 1775 by the
Grand Duke Peter Leopold. The Botanical Garden section of the Museum is however even older, dating back to 1545.
Consisting of six sections scattered over the old centre of Florence, the Museum houses 8 million exhibits, some of
outstanding scientific and naturalistic importance: sixteenth-century herbaria and precious eighteenth-century waxworks, fossil skeletons of elephants and collections of multicoloured butterflies, large tourmaline crystals and Aztec
relics, impressive wooden sculptures and the largest collection of inflorescence in the world. A wonderful combination
of nature, history, science and art emerges from this context.
The international dimension is in the DNA of the University of Florence, and not just because of the city in which
it is located. There are more than 260 agreements with many universities in 70 countries. Since 1999, the University
of Florence has been recognized as "Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence" for training activities and research
related to the issues of European integration and its development. In the School of Political Science and Law, there
are currently six Jean Monnet Chairs, taught by specialized scholars in the field. In addition, courses of study leading
to joint degrees with other foreign universities and five schools (Agriculture, Economics, Architecture, Law, Political
Science) offer courses or individual lessons in English.
The international dimension is demonstrated by
the nearly three thousand foreign students enrolled, an over a thousand European exchange students. In 2011, the University of Florence received
an award from the National Agency for Lifelong
Learning Programme for the efforts made in the
context of international mobility through the Erasmus program, especially regarding their acceptance
of foreign students.
Public research in Florence has one of the largest
and most productive roles, in relation to the number and variety of scientific researchers and junior
scientists in training, intense participation in proNatural History Museum - Zoology section. The anatomical waxes collection.
grams of national and international research, the
scientific results achieved and the cash flow from the outside that supports the research and transfer. This combination
of factors qualifies the University of Florence as a modern "research university" and determines its strong positions
in national and international assessments, thanks to centers and laboratories of international prestige as the LENS
(European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy) and CERM (Center for Magnetic Resonance research), regularly
attended by Nobel Laureates and locations of the most advanced research.
7
HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN FLORENCE
The Department of Biology, Anthropology Labs
Anthropology in Florence is represented today by a series of laboratories, based in the historical building called Palazzo Nonfinito ('unfinished palace’) and is part of a large Department of Biology, whose
different sections are scattered in the Florence area. It has its roots
in the Museum of Anthropology, founded in 1869, as the National
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology, following an idea by Paolo
Mantegazza (1831-1910), who in the same year was appointed Director and also the first Italian Chair of Anthropology at the Florence
Institute of Higher Studies. Mantegazza was also the founder of the
Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1870) and its journal
Archivio per l’Antropologia e la Etnologia (Archive for Anthropology
and Ethnology) (1871), still published today.
Mantegazza considered anthropology as “the natural history of man”,
whose scope was “to study man with the same experimental criterion
with which plants, animals, stones are studied, […] without the yoke
of religious traditions, of philosophical preconceptions”. It purported
Paolo Mantegazza
to study man, “as he is seen and as he is touched”, because “anthropology is a branch of the natural sciences and like all its other sisters can have only one policy, observation illuminated by
experiment”. His interests and research spanned from anthropology to ethnology and psychology and was among the
first scientists to use photography as a scientific instrument, to be used together with its artistic potential to document
all aspects of human life and activity.
The museum, at first, comprised few ethnographical objects from the Medici collections, a small collection of prehistoric tools from the island of Elba and a few skeletal remains collected by Mantegazza himself in Argentina. Through
the years, the anthropological and ethnological collections increased numerically with the help of many Italian institutions and also following donations resulting from scientific expeditions.
Currently, the collections include approximately 25,000 ethnographic objects from
all over the world, 7,000 anthropological remains from prehistoric times to today,
26,000 photographic prints and 7,000 negatives, 800 anatomical plaster casts, over
9000 lithic tools, and a collection of about 80 scientific instruments. In addition, the
museum has an archive of 545 pieces, including letters, documents and manuscripts,
valuable evidence of the activity and the thought of Paolo Mantegazza and his school.
For their history and for the scientific and methodological aspects that led to their
formation, the collections of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology today
constitute an important document of the cultures of the peoples of the world and the
evolution of anthropological thought in Europe.
Mantegazza died in 1910 and Aldobrandino Mochi (1875-1931) replaced him in the
teaching of anthropology and as museum director. Mochi’s interest in the study of fossil man was the basis of the establishment of an important institution whose aim was
Palazzo Nonfinito, main gate.
to reconstruct the most ancient history of humankind. In May 1913, the Committee
for Research on Human Palaeontology in Italy was founded in Florence, with its headquarters in Palazzo Nonfinito.
After the interruption due to World War I, it became the Italian Institute of Human Palaeontology in January 1927.
Mochi dedicated a substantial part of his activities to this institution and from that moment human paleontological
research became a matter of close cooperation between the institute, the university and the museum.
8
HISTORY OF THE ANTHROPOLOGY IN FLORENCE
The first three decades of the 20th century were particularly fruitful for discoveries
and activities in the field of human paleontology. On the one hand, the Italian Institute of Human Palaeontology were involved in excavations and explorations of
numerous sites in southern Italy, the Apuan Alps and Liguria. On the other hand,
they took part in numerous missions in Libya, Eritrea and Somalia, a reflection of
the colonial policies of the Italian Fascist period, which brought many collections
to the Museum in Palazzo Nonfinito.
Mochi died in 1931 and Nello Puccioni (1881-1937) replaced him as museum
director. Puccioni was another important figure in Italian human paleontological
research who had often dealt with prehistoric material, for example during his participation in the second Stefanini mission in Somalia (1923/1924).
Palazzo Nonfinito
When Puccioni passed away in 1937, the museum directorship went to Lidio Cipriani (1892 - 1962) who was well-known for his many daring expeditions in southcentral Africa from 1927 to 1930, missions that provided the museum with abundant anthropological materials.
During World War II, the directorship passed to Giuseppe Genna, who managed the difficult task of safeguarding
the collections and continuing the activities of the museum.
Meanwhile, in 1936 another student of Mochi, Paolo Graziosi (1906-1988), started teaching palaeoethnology in
the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy. Shortly thereafter the Institute of palaeoethnology was established, also based
in Palazzo Nonfinito: hence this building in Via del Proconsolo became an important centre of research, not only in
anthropology but also in palaeoethnology. Graziosi would later become an important student of prehistoric man and
especially of artistic manifestations.
On Graziosi’s retirement the chair of Anthropology and the direction of the Museum were entrusted to Brunetto
Chiarelli (1934 - ), whose research and activities resumed the original ideas and approach of Mantegazza towards Anthropology as natural history of man. It is in this light that Chiarelli first introduced in Italy the field of Primatology.
Chiarelli retired in 2008. Today, research in Anthropology in Florence embraces fields from Primate cytogenetics, to
Paleogenetics and Paleoanthropology.
Department od Biology, Zoology labs,
9
ESHE · KEYNOTE SPEECH
Keynote Speech
Comparing genes across linguistic families
Prof. Guido Barbujani
Dept. of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara
Thursday, 18 September
University of Florence Main Hall • Piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121 Florence
Parallel analysis of genetic and linguistic diversity may cast light on both biological history and cultural transmission.
Significant associations were observed in the past, resulting in coherent phylogenies of languages and populations.
However, most classical studies were hampered by the impossibility to compare the vocabularies of distantly-related
languages. A novel method, the Parametric Comparison Method (PCM), has been proposed for inferring language
diversity from supposedly universal syntactic and grammatical (rather than lexical) features, thus enabling comparison across established families. This method succeeds in reconstructing the phylogeny of modern Indo-European
languages in striking correspondence with consolidated results of lexical comparison. A cross-disciplinary comparison
of linguistic and genetic variation in Europe, the latter inferred from genome-wide SNP data in 15 populations, shows
significant correlations between linguistic and genomic diversity and, contrary to previous observations, language
proved a better predictor of genomic differences than geography. These results pave the ground for previously unfeasible large-scale correlations across different language families.
Curriculum vitae
Guido Barbujani was born in Adria (Italy) in 1955, and graduated in Biology in 1978. In 1983 he became Assistant
professor of Genetics (University of Ferrara, then University of Padova). From 1987 to 1989 he was a postdoctoral
research scientist in the Department of Ecology and Evolution (State University of New York, Stony Brook) and in
1992 he became an Associate professor (University of Bologna, then University of Ferrara). Since 2001 he has held a
position as Professor of Genetics and Population Genetics (University of Ferrara). He is author or co-author of over
185 publications in international journals.
His research interests include reconstructing human past evolutionary and
demographic changes. To that end, together with his research group he is
developing statistical methods to describe in a quantitative, reproducible
manner the geographic patterns of DNA diversity, and applying them to
the study of both modern and ancient individuals' DNA. Computer simulations and Bayesian methods are used to test the genealogical relationships
among ancient and past populations, from Neandertals through the inhabitants of pre-classical Europe, up to modern times.
10
ESHE · EXCURSION INFORMATION
The site of Equi and its context
Equi is located on the northern side of the Apuane Alps, Northern Tuscany. Today, the area is characterized by a
mountain environment, mostly on the southern side. The region is distinguished by several V-shaped valleys, even
if some areas were influenced by Late Pleistocene glaciation events, and remnants of glacial cirques are most frequent on the north-eastern side of the Regional Park, where many slopes are north-facing. Braschi et al. (1986)
first recognized a glacier presence close to the town of Equi, developed at a low altitude (about 400 masl) thanks to
geomorphological evidence in the area of Pizzo d’Uccello (one of the highest peaks in the Apuane Alps, 1780 masl).
Valley of the Fagli Creek: at the center of the rock wall is the entrance to the ‘Grotta della Tecchia’
(photo by Paolo Nannini, the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Tuscany).
The Equi site is located along the valley of Fagli creek
(coordinates WGS84: 44.150, 10.167). The deposit
records a time range of at least 45 ka, from the Late
Pleistocene (vertebrate fossils, and Musterian lithic
industries) to the Holocene (Medieval pottery and
Neolithic rests). The Late Pleistocene fossiliferous
sedimentary succession is generally correlated with
the MIS3 (Caloi e Palombo 1994).
Human-made lithic evidence was described in an
extensive paper by Branchini (1928). She confirmed
their attribution, relating them to the final phase of
Mousterian, in the Italian literature also known as
The town of Equi Terme seen from Tecchia (photo by Antonio Trivelli).
“Alpine Mousterian” (Battaglia 1932; Graziosi, 1934;
Rellini 1935, 1937; Giacobini 1982). The site was historically used by locals for different reasons (burials; sheep
repair; refuge during war times, etc.) and a small wall was also built outside of the shelter. Despite the fact that the
occurrence of ancient bone was commonly known, the scientific interest first began in 1909, when some remains
11
were collected by Giovanni Pondenzana (from the Civic Museum of La Spezia), and an extensive excavation started
one year later, under the direction of geologist Carlo De Stefani, Chair of Geology and Physical Geography at the
Florence “Regio Istituto di Studi Superiori”, and continued until 1920 (De Stefani 1917). The De Stefani team found
the entrance of the cave in 1911, and though ten years of fieldwork they collected thousands of vertebrate fossils in
association with human artifacts. The excavations also revealed two hearths (today no longer preserved).
Outlook of the exhibition "But not only the bear lived in the cave " (photo by Paolo Nannini, the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Tuscany).
The careful work of De Stefani included the relative localization of each specimen, and these data allowed for a recent
revaluation of the species distribution within the depositional record, and the evaluation of a quite homogeneous
assemblage through time (Ghezzo et al., in press). Between the First and Second World Wars, the site was at the
centre of a debate, disputing on the contemporary existence of Neolithic populations and cave bears (Ursus spelaeus).
The debate ended in 1933 proving the mixing of upper layers (Graziosi 1934; Rellini 1935). Since 1967, the site was
periodically and inconsistently investigated (Ambrosi and Fabbri 1975) and since 2009 the shelter (locally known as
‘Tecchia’) and the cave have been secured and set up for both promotional tourist use and new excavations of the area
(Iardella et al. 2009). These recent activities have been made possible thanks to the carefulness and the financial support from the Superintendent for the Archeology of Tuscany, the Municipality of Fivizzano and the Regional Park of
Alpi Apuane (Paribeni et al. 2009; Iardella et al. 2011). Under the shelter, recent excavations revealed the occurrence
of layers yielding Mousterian lithic artifacts. The layer was sampled for C14 dating and returned an age older than
50 Ka. In addition, the deposits of the cave continue to return well-preserved faunal remains (and artifacts) dated at
about 43-44 Ka BP (Bigagli et al. 2013).
In order to underline the importance of Equi within the regional context of the Apuane Alps, the administrative and
legal recognition as a site of natural, historical and paleontological importance has been reworked, including Equi
among the “Archeological subjects of interest for the landscape”. (Paribeni et al. 2009).
Historical excavation recorded a very rich fauna (De Stefani 1917). It consists of small and large vertebrates, such as:
Ursus spelaeus (cave bears), Canis lupus (wolves), Vulpes vulpes (fox), Cuon alpinus (dhole), Panthera leo spelaea (lion),
12
Panthera pardus (leopard), Lynx lynx (eurasian lynx), Mustela nivalis (least weasel), Mustela putorius (european polecat),
Martes martes (pine marten), Martes foina (beech marten), Cervus elaphus (red deer), Sus scrofa (wild boar), Rupicapra rupicapra (chamois), Capra ibex(alpine ibex), Capra hircus(goat), Lepus sp. (hare), Marmota marmot (marmot),
and Castor fiber (beaver). There are several micromammals, small bats, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes. A first
preliminary analysis of the fauna was performed by Regalia (1911); the later part of the fossil collection has been
described by different researchers (Pieragnoli1919; Fracassi 1920; Del Campana 1923, 1924, 1954).
Mammals found at Equi are mostly carnivores, with an enormous record of cave bear remains, several felines, wolves,
foxes, and a few specimens of the dhole (Cuon alpinus) (Ghezzo and Rook, in review). Moreover, Equi represents
the largest collection of fossils of European leopards (more than 200 specimens, both young and adult individuals).
Fossil vertebrates were spread over the whole excavated surface and were mainly disarticulated, even if De Stefani
(1917) attested the presence of joined bones (of limbs). The cave was probably a frequent winter hibernation den (at
least for cave bears). The presence of predators (bears, but also leopards and wolves) must have been assiduous.
Bone surface taphonomy does not reveal the occurrence of bite marks, proving an evidence of probable reciprocal
avoidance among carnivores, alternating seasonal frequency of the cave.
In the faunal association from Equi hyenas are absent: skeletal remains, digested bones, and coprolites are lacking
entirely, which is peculiar since these are recorded in coeval deposits in the area (Capriolo Cave and Buca della Iena)
(Pitti and Tozzi 1971).
Considering the occurrence along the depositional record, we can appreciate, from older to recent layers, the increase
of woodland and opportunistic species, such as fox and mustelids, while the occurrence of other predators appears
to be constant.
Skull of Ursus spelaeus during excavation (Photo by Massimo Pasquali).
13
Equi represents an important site within the Apuan context
for several reasons:
• The great number of paleontological evidences testifies a dynamic and difficult environment, also for large carnivores
(there are many pathological modifications on bones and
probably a high percentage of mortality).
• Human evidences testify the frequentation of the area, even if
the Neanderthals used the shelter and cave just for temporary
occasions and not for long periods.
• The revaluation of the site of Equi allows promoting the
interests of local and regional administrations toward their
history and the importance of conservation and preservation
of their ancient richness, also for a touristic and economic
uses.
• Finally, the site is not yet fully excavated, and the continuation of surveys will reveal new evidence, thanks to the presence
of intact layers in the three areas of investigation (the shelter,
the entrance, and the inner side of the cave).
Buca di Equi, detail (photo by Antonio Trivelli).
Bibliography
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Battaglia R., 1932. Note su alcune industrie paleolitiche della cerchia alpina e delle alpi apuane. Atti Accad. Veneto-Trentino-Istriana 22: 93-105.
Bigagli C., Iardella, R., Palchetti, A., Paribeni, E., 2013. Fivizzano (Ms). Equi Terme, saggio nella Grotta della Tecchia. Not. Soprintend. Beni Archeol. Toscana 8(2012), 187-193.
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Iardella R., Palchetti, A., Paribeni, E., 2011. 1909e2009: 100 anni di ricerche alla Tecchia di Equi Terme (MS). In: 150 anni di Preistoria e Protostoria in Italia. Volume dei Riassunti
della XLVI Riunione Scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano diPreistoria e Protostoria, pp. 51-52.
Paribeni E., Iardella, R., Palchetti, A., 2009. Fivizzano (MS). Ricerche alla Tecchia diEqui Terme. Not. Soprintend. Beni Archeol. Toscana 5: 138-140
Pieragnoli L., 1919. Ossa patologiche della grotta di Equi in Lunigiana. Palaeontogr. Ital. 25: 1-36.
Pitti C., Tozzi C. (1971). La Grotta del Capriolo e la Buca della Iena presso Mommio (Camaiore, Lucca). Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 26(2): 213-258.
Rellini U., 1935. La ceramica della caverna di Equi. Bull. Paleontol. Ital. 55: 67-69.
Rellini U., 1937. La stirpe di Neanderthal nel Lazio. Bull. Paleontol. Ital. 1: 5-56.
Regalia O.E., 1911. Fauna glaciale in due grotte di Equi (Alpi Apuane). Riv. Ital.Paleontol. 17: 24-28.
14
Sunday 21 September • Excursion: Grotte di Equi (Equi Cave)
Meeting Point: Via Giorgio la Pira 4
Hours
Event
07:30 – 10:00
Drive from Florence to Equi Cave
10:00 – 13:00
Site visits
13:00 – 14:30
Lunch (Included in the price of the excursion).
14:30 – 17:30
Site visits
17:30 – 20:00
Drive back to Florence
The Grotte di Equi consists of a series of caves, set within a beautiful northern Italian landscape. The focus of the visit
will be the “Tecchia di Equi”, a small cave where the excavation was carried out. In addition, we will have the chance
to see the “Grotte di Equi”, a tourist cave; a nature path to see the “Solco di Equi”, panoramic site and a small lab with
educational facilities (Geolab). The excursion includes a fully catered lunch of local Italian specialties.
15
ESHE · CONFERENCE PROGRAM
Thursday, 18 September
8QLYHUVLW\RI)ORUHQFHVia Laura 48, 50121 Florence
8:00-8:30
8:30
Registration
Opening Speech: Jean-Jacques Hublin
Session 1
8:50
9:10
9:30
9:50
10:10
10:30-11:00
Brain size in Mio-Pliocene hominoids: the result of selection or pleiotropy?
Gabriele Macho
Hominin ecology and behavior based on 1.5-million-year-old footprint assemblages from Ileret, Kenya
Brian Richmond et al.
Age-at-Death and Dental Developmental Pattern of the Australopithecus sediba Juvenile MH1 Determined
from Synchrotron Virtual Paleohistology
Adeline Le Cabec et al.
The significance of Australopithecus sediba for understanding Paranthropus robustus
Jeffrey Schwartz
Middle Pleistocene narratives and the Sima de los Huesos evidence
Juan Luis Arsuaga
Coffee Break
Session 2
11:00
11:20
11:40
12:00
12:20
12:40
13:00-14:30
Binning a bone of contention from the Homo erectus type locality Trinil
Josephine Joordens et al.
A winter wonderland? Mid-latitude seasonality strategies in the Lower Palaeolithic
Robert Hosfield
Mounting evidence for multiple hunting episodes in the Schöningen 13II-4 “Spear Horizon”
Jarod Hutson et al.
Spruce and pine – new investigations on the wooden weapons of Schöningen, Lower Saxony (Germany)
Thomas Terberger et al.
The Ceprano calvarium, twenty years after. A new generation of (digital) studies
Fabio Di Vincenzo et al.
The hominin frontal bone recently discovered in the Po Valley, Northern Italy
Giorgio Manzi et al.
Lunch Break
Session 3
14:30
14:50
15:10
15:30
15:50
16:10
16:30-17:30
17:30-19:00
16
New Neandertal remains from Sirogne cave, Rocamadour (Lot, France)
Priscilla Bayle et al.
Facial Growth Remodeling in Middle-Pleistocene Homo
Rodrigo Lacruz et al.
All you wanted to know about growth of African pygmies but no one could tell....until now
Fernando Ramirez Rozzi et al.
Exploring taurodontism in Neandertals
Stefano Benazzi et al.
Small bones, big differences - A comparison of modern human and Neandertal ear ossicles
Alexander Stoessel et al.
TOSPEAK, a primate long non-coding gene with human-specific promoter regulates development of the capacity
to speak
Zhiming Fang et al. (Presented by Raymond Clarke)
Coffee Break
Keynote Speech
Professor Guido Barbujani C omparing genes a cross linguistic families
University Main Hall Piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121 Florence
Friday, 19 September
8QLYHUVLW\RI)ORUHQFH9LD/DXUD)ORUHQFH
8:30-9:30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9:30-10:00
Session 4: PECHA KUCHA
The cave, the skull and the women: female representation in Palaeolithic research
Rebecca Wragg Sykes et al.
The Châtelperronian: an updated review
Morgan Roussel and Marie Soressi
A reappraisal of the early Upper Paleolithic assemblages from Maibulak, Kazakhstan
Radu Iovita et al.
Endocranial shape asymmetry in humans and apes
Simon Neubauer et al.
The Higher Cognitive Functions of the Recently Expanded Parietal Lobes in Homo sapiens
Frederick Coolidge
Exploring hominin and animal interactions in the Swabian Jura: Cave use and subsistence patterns during the
late Middle and early Upper Paleolithic
Keiko Kitagawa et al.
The Grotta di Cala dei Genovesi – New studies on the Ice Age cave art on Sicily
Gianpiero di Maida et al.
What is genetic modernity?
Ryan Raaum
Coffee Break
S ession 5
10:00
10:20
10:40
11:00
11:20
11:40
12:00-13:30
The Middle Palaeolithic living floor of Unit 15 (55 kyrs BP) from the Oscurusciuto Shelter, Ginosa, Taranto,
Southern Italy
Annamaria Ronchitelli et al.
Neanderthal occupation of the East European Plain: New data from the Middle Dniestr valley (Ukraine)
Philip R. Nigst et al.
Cranial diversification in Neandertals and modern humans compared to common chimpanzees
Timothy D. Weaver et al.
Palaeoclimatic data from Lake Tana, Ethiopia, support anatomically modern human dispersal from Africa at
112 – 97 ka
Henry Lamb et al.
Testing modern human out-of-Africa models: population genetic and craniometric approaches
Katerina Harvati and Hugo Reyes-Centeno
Khoe-San retain a gracilized version of the ancestral modern human phenotype
Philipp Gunz et al.
Lunch Break
Session 6
Session 7
Early Palaeolithic fire at a late Early Pleistocene hominin
site: Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar,
Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia, Spain
Michael John Walker et al.
13:30
Can distal fibular morphology be used to infer Au.
afarensis locomotor behavior?
Damiano Marchi
13:50
The Appositional Articular Morphology of the
Talo-crural Joint Reflects Substrate Use Within
Species: An Examination of Three Closely Related
Hominoid Species
Kevin Turley and Stephen Frost
Behavioural Implications of Large Flake Acheulian
technology
Sheila Mishra
14:10
Did a longer “functional” lumbar spine in early
hominids facilitate the evolution of the lumbar
lordosis?
Nakita Frater et al.
The Middle Palaeolithic sites at Neumark-Nord 2
(Germany): Optically and thermally stimulated
luminescence dating
Daniel Richter et al.
17
14:30
Spinal stenosis in Homo erectus
Marc Meyer and Martin Haeusler
Neanderthal spatial behaviour during the Late
Interglacial within a lake shore environment: the case of
Neumark-Nord 2 (Germany)
Alejandro García-Moreno et al.
14:50
Spino-pelvic alignment: An evolutionary perspective
Ella Been et al.
What Role for Mediterranean Europe in the MP/EUP
shift
Laura Longo and Silvana Condemi
15:10
Ancestral Aches? Vertebral morphology,
locomotion, and human spinal health
Kimberly Plomp et al.
Size Matters - Patterns of choice and constraint in Lower
and Middle Palaeolithic microlithic assemblages in central
Europe
Iris Newton
15:30-17:30
Poster Session 1
17:30-18:30
ESHE General Assembly
POSTER SESSION 1
FRIDAY, 19 September 15:30-17:30
Authors of odd-numbered posters are expected to be present during the first hour (15:30-16:30). Authors of evennumbered posters should be present in the second hour (16:30-17:30)
18
1
Size and sex variance in Paranthropus robustus: Taxonomic and Palaeobiological implications
Andrew Gallagher et al.
2
A specimen of Paranthropus robustus from Bolt’s Farm Caves system, Cradle of Humankind, South
Africa?
Sandrine Prat et al.
3
Mid-Pliocene Primates (Cercopithecoidea) from Brad Pit B, Klinkerts (Bolt’s Farm Cave System, South Africa)
Dominique Gommery et al.
4
Ancient human DNA, finally a research field where data sharing is common practice
Paolo Anagnostou et al.
5
Hominin Footprints from Early Pleistocene Deposits at Happisburgh, UK
Nick Ashton et al.
6
X-ray microtomographic-based structural analysis of the dental remains from the Mousterian and Aurignacian
levels of the Fossellone cave, Latium, Italy
Claudio Tuniz et al.
7
The Gravettian mandibles from Grotta Paglicci (Apulia, Italy): a geometric morphometrics study
Aurélien Mounier et al.
8
The "forgotten" Palaeolithic human remains from the site of Roc-en-Pail (France). Reassessment of the
archaeological context and taxonomical diagnosis: a new Neandertal humerus
Christine Verna et al.
9
Preliminary study of the head-neck complex of Neanderthal ribs from the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain)
Daniel García-Martínez et al.
10
Thorax kinematics and the reconstruction of body models in hominin evolution
Markus Bastir et al.
11
Muscle cross-sectional area estimation for Neanderthals and Paleolithic modern humans
Astrid Slizewski et al.
12
Examining the influence of habitual loading along the long bone diaphyses of varsity athletes; skeletal plasticity
and constraint
Jason Nadell and Colin Shaw
13
Re-evaluation of the Pleistocene and Holocene long bone robusticity trends with regards to age-at-death estimates
and size standardization procedures
Lukáš Friedl et al.
14
A study of three-dimensional quadric surface fitting to model variability in femoral curvature
Tara Chapman et al.
15
Breakage patterns of hominin long bones from Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Spain)
Nohemi Sala et al.
16
The stout navicular bones from the the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)
Adrián Pablos et al.
17
Dorsal canting in human pedal and manual proximal phalanges does not covary: an alternative explanation for
high dorsal canting in manual phalanges
Anneke H. van Heteren et al.
18
Evolution of the ulnar and radial sides of the human hand
Tea Jashashvili et al.
19
Morphometric maps of the developing human humerus
Thomas O’Mahoney et al.
20
Revisiting the hominoid humerus – A 3D GMM assessment of locomotor and shape correlates
Margherita Sbanchi and Martin Friess
21
Cortical bone topography and cross-sectional geometric properties of Paglicci 12 and Paglicci 25 Gravettian
human femora
Laurent Puymerail et al.
22
The Gona pelvis and sexual dimorphism in Homo erectus compared with living hominoids
Zachary Cofran
23
A new partial pelvis (Pelvis 2) from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain)
Alejandro Bonmatí-Lasso et al.
24
Shape, size and maturity trajectories of the human ilium and interpopulation differences in the ontogeny of sexual
dimorphism
Laura Wilson et al.
25
Variation in the shape of the birth canal in modern humans is significant and geographically structured
Lia Betti
26
Quadrupedal subjects in a family (Adana, Turkey): new insights into the biomechanical influences on skeletal
development
Noémie Bonneau et al.
27
Rodent biochronology at Klinkert’s (Sterkfontein Valley, South Africa)
Frank Senegas
19
20
28
Organization Of Lithic Technology At Lalitpur: A Large Flake Acheulean Site In India
Neetu Agarwal and Sheila Mishra
29
Towards luminescence dating of the Lower Paleolithic
Christina Ankjærgaard et al.
30
Contribution of the ESR dating method to the chronological framework of the oldest hominid occupations in
southwestern Europe
Mathieu Duval
31
Further elements on the chronology of the Roc de Marsal (SW France) Middle Paleolithic sequence: insights from
quartz Single Grain OSL and various K-feldspar IRSL signals
Guillaume Guérin et al.
32
Rediscovering and reinterpreting old data from the archaeological collections of the Portuguese Scientific Missions
in Southwestern Angola
Daniela Matos et al.
33
Evaluating archaeology – using network analysis to visualise research behaviour
Trine Kellberg Nielsen
34
Techno-typological analysis of bifacial component at Gombe site (Kinshasa, DRC). An assessment of the
Lupemban in Western Central Africa
Sylvie Numuhire
35
Middle Stone Age ochre processing tools from Porc-Epic cave (Dire Dawa, Ethiopia)
Daniela Eugenia Rosso et al.
36
Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle Stone Age site with Still Bay and Howiesons Poort assemblages in southern
Namaqualand, South Africa
Teresa Steele et al.
37
The invisible frontier: East African MSA/LSA transition in Goda Buticha (Dire Dawa, Ethiopia)
David Pleurdeau et al.
38
Multidisciplinary studies of a 31,000 year old canid skull from Aghitu-3 Cave, Armenia
Andrew W. Kandel et al.
39
When Did the Upper Paleolithic Begin on the Russian Plain? (In the Context of Pollen and IRSL/OSL Dates
on Kostenki-12 Site and Their Correlations with Pollen and O16/O18 and C13/C14 “Calendars”)
Galina Levkovskaya et al.
40
Upper Paleolithic Funeral Ceremony: Bioarchaeology Of The Person From Kostenki Xiv (Markina Gora)
Alexandra Buzhilova
41
East European models for the Middle–to–Upper Palaeolithic transition in Eastern Europe
Andrey A. Sinitsyn
42
Iberomaurusian Funerary Rituals: Cultural And Social Aspects Of The Taforalt Population
Valentina Mariotti et al.
43
Siberian zoomorphs: A search for meaning and implications for the Upper Paleolithic evidence
Sandra Sázelová
44
Engraved human bone from the Magdalenian site of Gough’s Cave, Somerset (UK)
Silvia M. Bello and Rosalind Wallduck
45
Lower Magdalenian Lithic Raw Material Conservation in Cantabrian Spain
Lisa M. Fontes
46
New insights into the multiple Mesolithic burial of Groß Fredenwalde, NE-Germany
Bettina Jungklaus et al.
Saturday, 20 September
8QLYHUVLW\RI)ORUHQFH9LD/DXUD)ORUHQFH
Session 8
9:30
Dating the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic Transition in the South Levant: Where to From Here?
Elisabetta Boaretto and Omry Barzilai
9:50
The Early Upper Palaeolithic at Manot Cave, Western Galilee, Israel
Omry Barzilai et al.
10:10
Explicit similarities and expected variability: the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Northeast Asia
Nicolas Zwyns et al.
10:30
A local Mousterian origin for the Châtelperronian?
Karen Ruebens et al.
10:50-11:10
Coffee Break
Session 9
11:10
11:30
11:50
12:10
12:30-14:00
A high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework for the Upper Paleolithic of southeastern Iberia
João Zilhão et al.
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-Lőt6YRERGDHWDO
The Use of Non-Flint Lithic Raw Material in the Final Gravettian. Abri Pataud (level 2), Laugerie-Haute
Est (levels F, 36 and 38), Les Peyrugues (level 18)
Laurent Chiotti et al.
New insights from old artefacts: A quantitative reassessment of the LSA technology of the Central Kenyan Rift
Alex Wilshaw and Marta Mirazon Lahr
Lunch Break
Session 10
Session 11
14:00
Time-related changes in fossil cercopithecoid inner
craniodental structures and chronological seriation of
South African hominin-bearing sites
Amélie Beaudet et al.
How well is plant consumption recorded in Ovatwe dental
calculus?: Implications for ancient dental calculus studies
Chelsea Leonard et al.
14:20
A morphometric analysis of the hominin deciduous
lower second molar (I/12a) from Qesem Cave
Cinzia Fornai et al.
Starch taphonomy on stone tools: considering
anthropogenic alterations, climate, and soil chemistry
Cynthianne Debono Spiteri et al.
14:40
Taxonomic interpretation of the Salé (Morocco)
hominin endocasts
Dominique Grimaud-Herve
Tooth cusp sharpness as a dietary correlate in great apes
Michael Berthaume
15:00
Biological constraints and evolution of language: a
hypothesis on the exaptation of human vocal
structures
Alessandra Falzone et al.
Sequence analysis of tool prehension and manipulation: a
new method to analyze hand dexterity
Antony Borel et al.
15:20
Vascular system development of small tubular bones
The Evidence for Time Keeping Among Pre-Neolithic
of Neanderthals from Altai caves
Hunter-Gatherers
Maria Mednikova and Maria
Marnie Dunsmore
Dobrovolskaya
15:40
Mitochondrial genome variation in late Pleistocene
Europe
Cosimo Posth et al.
16:00-18:00
Poster Session 2
19:00-23:00
ESHE Closing Party
Modelling the tool use and diet of Paranthropus and
Homo habilis
Adam Newton
21
POSTER SESSION 2
Saturday 20 September 16:00-18:00
Authors of odd-numbered posters are expected to be present during the first hour (15:30-16:30). Authors of evennumbered posters should be present in the second hour (16:30-17:30)
22
47
Bidirectional gene flow between Central and Eastern Africa in the Early Holocene and low genetic input of East
African mtDNA lineages into Bantu populations before their expansion South
Silva Marina et al.
48
Human and Caprine remains from Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia): Southern Africa before and after the
introduction of pastoralist practices
Florent Détroit et al.
49
Impact of geographic, chronological, climatic and linguistic factors on human cranial variation: new insights on the
peopling of the New World
Manon Galland et al.
50
Modeling Population Dynamics of the Late Neanderthal Subgroups
Anna Degioanni et al.
51
The postnatal ontogeny of neurovascular versus musculoskeletal landmarks on the cranial base of modern humans
and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Sandra A. Martelli and M. Christopher Dean
52
Exploring the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis closure and cranio-facial growth in hominoids
Almudena Alcázar de Velasco et al.
53
"Grandmother, what big browridge you have!" - The mechanical relevance of the browridge in Kabwe 1 (Homo
heidelbergensis)
Ricardo Miguel Godinho and Paul O’Higgins
54
Maxillary sinuses, craniofacial morphology, and adaptation in Pleistocene hominins
Laura Buck et al.
55
New Evidence Suggesting a Dissociated Aetiology for Cribra Orbitalia and Porotic Hyperostosis
Frances Rivera and Marta Mirazon-Lahr
56
Another Measure of Man: comparison of point-cloud based analysis of photogrammetric 3d models and
landmark-based geometric morphometric shape analysis in hominid mandibles
Brenna Hassett and Timothy Lewis-Bale
57
Smoothing procedures in Geometric Morphometrics: a critical assessment
Antonio Profico et al.
58
Heritability and Plasticity in Teeth: A Papionin Model for Testing Environmental and Phylogenetic Hypotheses
in Primate Evolution
Nicole D.S. Grunstra and Robert A. Foley
59
ELOVL2, FHL2 and PENK DNA hypermethylation as an age-predictor in modern human teeth samples
Christina Giuliani
60
Variation of 3D outer and inner crown morphology of lower premolars in modern humans
Viktoria A. Krenn et al.
61
Jaws: Morphological Evidence from the South African Australopiths on the Evolution the Hominin Mouth
Julie Lawrence
62
Comparative endostructural characterization of the Middle Pleistocene human dental remains from Fontana
Ranuccio and Visogliano, Italy
Clément Zanolli et al.
63
Predicting jaw shape based on models of maxillomandibular integration
Stefanie Stelzer et al.
64
Dental Microwear Texture Analysis and the Diet of the Scladina Child
Sireen El Zaatari et al.
65
Stress distribution and molar macrowear in Pongo pygmaeus: a new approach through Finite Element and
Occlusal Fingerprint Analyses
Luca Fiorenza and Stefano Benazzi
66
Functional Equivalence within the Developing Masticatory System
Olivia A.M. Smith et al.
67
Elucidating Differences in the Feeding Ecology of Extant Apes Using Finite Element Analysis
Laura C. Fitton and Phil J.R. Morris
68
Investigating the link between past adaptations and modern diseases: a nutrition-related perspective
Marco Sazzini
69
Variation of the Enamel-Dentin-Junction morphology of upper premolars in modern human populations
Lisa Buchegger et al.
70
The distribution of authigenic minerals in the Middle Stone Age deposits of Sibudu (South Africa), and
implications for the preservation of archaeological features
Susan M. Mentzer et al.
71
Insights into site formation processes of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic layers in Sector West of La Ferrassie
(Dordogne)
Vera Aldeias et al.
72
Late glacial landscapes and cave sites formation processes: an innovative approach from the Ach and Lone valleys
of the Swabian Jura (SW Germany)
Alvise Barbieri et al.
73
Residuals of short time occupations or structured landscape using- new aspects to the find layers from the Middle
Paleolithic of Weimar-Ehringsdorf
Tim Schüler
74
Projet NéMo: The Chronology and Cultural Context of Neandertal Skeletal Material in Southwestern France
Jean-Philippe Faivre et al.
23
24
75
Neanderthal local raw material utilization and transport: A view from southwestern France
Sam Lin et al.
76
The importance of limestone in the subsistence activities during the Middle Paleolithic: the levels J, M and O
assemblages of the Abric Romaní site (Barcelona, Spain)
María Gema Chacón et al.
77
Neanderthal land-use inferred from the Discoid lithic industry at Grotta di Fumane, unit A9
Davide Delpiano and Marco Peresani
78
Plant foods in Middle Palaeolithic subsistence in Italian and Southern European Neanderthal populations
Robert Power et al.
79
Trace Element Distributions in Early and Late Forming Tooth Enamel
Louise Humphrey et al.
80
The antler and bone points from the Early Upper Palaeolithic layers of Fumane Cave (Verona, Italy):
technological reconstruction and implications for the cultural attribution
Camille Jéquier et al.
81
Exploring Palaeolithic weapon delivery systems using a controlled and realistic experimental setup: preliminary
results
Nina Schloesser and Radu Iovita
82
Evaluating performance effects of ochre and beeswax in Middle Stone Age resin based compound adhesives by lap
shear testing
Paul Kozowyk
83
A poisoned chalice: investigating the presence of poisons on Paleolithic arrows
Valentina Borgia et al.
84
Techno-functional features of the Protoaurignacian (backed) bladelets from four French lithic assemblages
Amaranta Pasquini
85
Searching for the origins of food storage in the European Gravettian
Alexander J.E. Pryor et al.
86
Kill Locality and Settlement: a comparison of two Magdalenian site types
Elaine Turner and Martin Street
87
Mesolithic animal exploitation and palaeoeconomy: Discussion of a new methodological approach
Elisabeth Noack
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-BDL PG CJGBDJBM TIBQJOH BOE WFSZ MJUUMF TFDPOEBSZ SFUPVDI PO UIF BSUFGBDUT
-BDL PG SFđOFNFOU PS FNQIBTJT PO CJGBDJBM BOE CJMBUFSBM TZNNFUSZ
$POTJEFSBCMF TUBOEBSEJ[BUJPO JO FOE QSPEVDUT
ăF TUVEZ TVHHFTUT UIBU UIF FBSMZ QIBTF PG UIF "DIFVMFBO JO *OEJB JT OPU DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ CJGBDJBM TIBQJOH XIJDI JT FTTFOUJBMMZ DPO
TJEFSFE UP CF UIF IBMMNBSL PG "DIFVMFBO UFDIOPMPHZ *U JT IPXFWFS DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ TJNQMF CVU FċDJFOU DPSF PSHBOJ[BUJPO SFTVMUJOH
JO TVJUBCMF FOE QSPEVDUT PS MBSHF ĔBLFT PG TVJUBCMF TJ[F BOE NPSQIPMPHZ SFRVJSJOH MJUUMF TFDPOEBSZ NPEJđDBUJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> 4JOHI 3 1BMBFPMJUIJD *OEVTUSJFT PG /PSUIFSO #VOEFMLIBOE 6OQVCMJTIFE 1I % %JTTFSUBUJPO %FDDBO $PMMFHF 1VOF <> *"3 *OEJBO "SDIBFPMPHZ " 3FWJFX /FX %FMIJ "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4VSWFZ PG *OEJB <> *"3 *OEJBO "SDIBFPMPHZ " 3FWJFX /FX %FMIJ
"SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4VSWFZ PG *OEJB
26
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B &YQMPSJOH UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO TQIFOPPDDJQJUBM TZODIPOESPTJT DMPTVSF DSBOJPGBDJBM HSPXUI JO
IPNJOPJET
"MNVEFOB "MDÃ[BS EF 7FMBTDP1 *HOBDJP .BSUÎOF[1,2 +VBO -VJT "STVBHB1,3
$FOUSP .JYUP 6$.*4$*** EF &WPMVDJÓO Z $PNQPSUBNJFOUP )VNBOPT .BESJE 4QBJO p ¦SFB EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB %FQ EF
(FPMPHÎB (FPHSBGÎB Z .FEJP "NCJFOUF 6OJWFSTJEBE EF "MDBMÃ 4QBJO p %FQ EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB 'BDVMUBE EF $JFODJBT
(FPMÓHJDBT 6OJWFSTJEBE $PNQMVUFOTF EF .BESJE 4QBJO
ăF TQIFOPPDDJQJUBM TZODIPOESPTJT 404
JT BO JNQPSUBOU HSPXUI MPDVT JO UIF DSBOJBM CBTF UIBU SFNBJOT PQFO VOUJM QVCFSUZ PS
BEPMFTDFODF JO IVNBOT BOE VOUJM UIF FBSMZ BEVMUIPPE JO (SFBU "QFT "T 404 JT MPDBUFE CFUXFFO UIF BOUFSJPS FEHF PG UIF PDDJQJUBM
CPOF BOE UIF QPTUFSJPS FOE PG UIF TQIFOPJE CPEZ 404 HSPXUI NBZ BĈFDU CPUI UP UIF CBTJDSBOJBM BOE GBDJBM EFWFMPQNFOU #FDBVTF PG
UIBU B QPTTJCMF SPMF PG UIF 404 JO UIF JOUFHSBUJPO PG UIF DSBOJPGBDJBM TZTUFN IBT CFFO FYUFOTJWFMZ EJTDVTTFE JO SFDFOU UJNFT SFHBSEJOH
QSJNBUFT <> *O DPOUSBTU BWBJMBCMF EBUB SFHBSEJOH HSPXUI JO UIF 404 BOE JUT SFMBUJPO XJUI UIF BEKBDFOU SFHJPOT JF DSBOJBM CBTF
BOE GBDF
BSF TDBSDF BOE TPNFUJNFT MFBE UP DPOUSBEJDUPSZ JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT <> *U IBT CFFO QSFWJPVTMZ IZQPUIFTJ[FE UIBU HSPXUI JO
404 IBT EJĈFSFOU FĈFDUT JO UIF (SFBU "QFT BOE JO UIF IVNBO DSBOJBM CBTF LZQIPTJT <> 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE JU IBT CFFO FTUBCMJTIFE
JO IVNBOT UIBU JOEJWJEVBMT UIBU TIPX BCOPSNBM 404 EFWFMPQNFOU BMTP TIPXT BCOPSNBM GBDJBM EFWFMPQNFOU <> )FSF XF IBWF
JOWFTUJHBUFE UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIF CBTJDSBOJBM BOE GBDF HSPXUI BOE UIF 404 DMPTVSF TUBHF JO ESZ TLVMMT PG UISFF IPNJOPJE
TQFDJFT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT O
(PSJMMB HPSJMMB O
BOE )PNP TBQJFOT O
TFY QPPMFE TBNQMFT
ăF TBNQMF IBT CFFO
EJWJEFE JOUP TJY BHF DMBTTFT DPNQMFUF PS JODPNQMFUF EFDJEVPVT EFOUJUJPO JO PDDMVTJPO . JO PDDMVTJPO . JO PDDMVTJPO
. JO PDDMVTJPO BOE OPU DPNQMFUFMZ PTTJđFE TLFMFUPO . JO PDDMVTJPO BOE DPNQMFUFMZ PTTJđFE TLFMFUPO . JO PDDMVTJPO
DPNQMFUFMZ PTTJđFE TLFMFUPO BOE EFOUJUJPO TIPXJOH TJHOT PG BHFJOH ăSFF 404 TUBHFT PG DMPTVSF IBWF CFFO FTUBCMJTIFE PQFO GVT
JOH BOE DMPTFE ăF NFUSJDBM WBSJBCMFT JODMVEFE JO UIF TUVEZ BSF -FOHIUT CBTJPOTQIFOPCBTJPO CBTJPOPSBM TQIFOPCBTJPOPSBM
TUBQIZMJPOPSBM )FJHIU IPSNJOPOTUBQIZMJPO 8JEUIT CFUXFFO [ZHPOJPOT CFUXFFO [ZHPNBYJMBST CFUXFFO UIF JOGFSJPS QPJOU PG
UIF TQIFOPNBMBS TVUVSFT CFUXFFO 1. CFUXFFO .. CFUXFFO UIF QPTUFSJPS QPJOUT PG UIF BMWFPMBS BSDI "OHMF CBTJPO
TQIFOPCBTJPOIPSNJOPO 8F IBWF SFMJFE PO DPSSFMBUJPO BOBMZTFT CFUXFFO NFUSJDBM WBSJBCMFT BOE 404 DMPTVSF TUBHF BOE JO "/07"
BOE QPTUIPD BOBMZTFT CFUXFFO JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI EJĈFSFOU 404 TUBHFT 0OMZ JOEJWJEVBMT CFMPOHJOH UP BHF DMBTTFT JOWPMWFE JO UIF 404
DMPTVSF IBT CFFO JODMVEFE JOUP UIPTF BOBMZTFT 8JUI UIJT QSPDFEVSF TPNF JOEJWJEVBMT IBWF CFFO FYDMVEFE JO BO BUUFNQU PG DPNQBS
JOH POMZ UIPTF JOEJWJEVBMT UIBU CFMPOHJOH UP UIF TBNF BHF DMBTT EJĈFST JO UIF 404 DMPTVSF TUBHF *O PSEFS UP FWBMVBUF PUIFS GBDUPST
UIBO 404 DMPTVSF EJĈFSFODFT JO NFBTVSFNFOUT IBT CFFO FYQMPSFE CFUXFFO JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI DMPTFE 404 GSPN EJĈFSFOU BHF DMBTTFT
" QPTJUJWF DPSSFMBUJPO IBT CFFO GPVOE CFUXFFO CBTJDSBOJBM BOE MPXFS GBDF NFBTVSFNFOUT BOE UIF 404 DMPTVSF TUBHF JO BMM UISFF
TQFDJFT #BTJDSBOJBM BOHMF EPFT OPU TIPX B TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU DPSSFMBUJPO JO (SFBU "QFT CVU JU JT OFHBUJWFMZ DPSSFMBUFE UP 404
DMPTVSF TUBHF JO IVNBOT 4UBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU EJĈFSFODFT IBWF CFFO GPVOE CFUXFFO JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI EJĈFSFOU 404 TUBHF JO UIF
NBKPSJUZ PG MJOFBS EJNFOTJPOT JO UIF UISFF TQFDJFT BOE BMTP JO UIF CBTJDSBOJBM BOHMF JO IVNBOT /P TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU EJĈFSFODFT
IBWF CFFO GPVOE CFUXFFO JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI DMPTFE 404 UIBU CFMPOH UP EJĈFSFOU BHF DMBTTFT ăFTF SFTVMUT BHSFF XJUI UIF DSBOJPGBDJBM
JOUFHSBUJPO UIFPSZ BOE TVHHFTU UIBU 404 DPVME CF QMBZJOH BO JNQPSUBOU SPMF BDUJWF PS QBTTJWF OPU POMZ JO UIF JOUFHSBUJPO PG UIF
DSBOJBM CBTF BOE UIF GBDF CVU BMTP JO GBDJBM EFWFMPQNFOU JO IPNJOPJET ăF QSFTFOU XPSL TVQQPSUT UIF JEFB UIBU 404 HSPXUI DPVME
IBWF EJĈFSFOU FĈFDUT BNPOH QSJNBUFT JO UIF CBTJDSBOJBM BOHMF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F PXF PVS NPTU TJODFSF HSBUJUVEF UP UIF .VTFV /BDJPOBM EF )JTUÓSJB /BUVSBM F EB $JËODJB 1PSUVHBM
BOE
UP UIF 1PXFMM$PUUPO .VTFVN 6,
GPS NBLJOH UIFJS BOUISPQPMPHJDBM BOE (SFBU "QF DPMMFDUJPOT BWBJMBCMF UP UIJT TUVEZ " " JT
UIF CFOFđDJBSZ PG B QSFEPDUPSBM HSBOU GSPN UIF 4QBOJTI .*/&$0 SFGFSFODF /P #&4 BOE XBT UIF CFOFđDJBSZ PG
QSFEPDUPSBM TVQQPSU GSPN UIF "UBQVFSDB 'PVOEBUJPO ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT BMTP đOBODFE CZ UIF .*/&$0 QSPKFDU /P $(-
$
3FGFSFODFT<> -JFCFSNBO %& 3PTT $' 3BWPTB .+ ăF QSJNBUF DSBOJBM CBTF 0OUPHFOZ GVODUJPO BOE JOUFHSBUJPO "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM 4VQQMFNFOU <> $FOEFLJBXBO 5 8POH 3 3BCJF " 3FMBUJPOTIJQT CFUXFFO DSBOJBM CBTF TZODIPOESPTFT BOE DSBOJPGBDJBM
EFWFMPQNFOU B SFWJFX ăF 0QFO "OBUPNZ +PVSOBM <> -JFCFSNBO %& .D$BSUIZ 3$ ăF POUPHFOZ PG DSBOJBM CBTF BOHVMBUJPO JO
IVNBOT BOE DIJNQBO[FFT BOE JUT JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS SFDPOTUSVDUJOH QIBSZOHFBM EJNFOTJPOT + )VN &WPM <> #KÕSL " $SBOJBM CBTF
EFWFMPQNFOU " GPMMPXVQ YSBZ TUVEZ PG UIF JOEJWJEVBM WBSJBUJPO JO HSPXUI PDDVSSJOH CFUXFFO UIF BHFT PG BOE ZFBST BOE JUT SFMBUJPO UP CSBJO DBTF
BOE GBDF EFWFMPQNFOU "N + 0SUIPE 27
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B *OTJHIUT JOUP TJUF GPSNBUJPO QSPDFTTFT PG UIF .JEEMF BOE 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD MBZFST JO 4FDUPS 8FTU PG -B
'FSSBTTJF %PSEPHOF
7FSB "MEFJBT1 1BVM (PMECFSH2 -BVSFOU #SVYFMMFT2 "MBJO 5VSR4 )BSPME %JCCMF5 4IBOOPO .D1IFSSPO 1 %FOOJT
4BOEHBUIF7 -BVSFOU $IJPUUJ8
%FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT p *OTUJUVUF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO p /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG 1SFIJTUPSZ -FT &Z[JFT p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 1FOO .VTFVN p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 4JNPO 'SBTFS 6OJWFSTJUZ p %ÊQBSUFNFOU EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF EV .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF
ăF TJUF PG -B 'FSSBTTJF JT POF PG UIF CFTULOPXO 1BMFPMJUIJD TFRVFODFT JO &VSPQF #FTJEFT QSFTFSWJOH TFWFSBM MBZFST BTTPDJBUFE XJUI
UIF đSTU IBMG PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD -B 'FSSBTTJF JT BMTP GBNPVT GPS JUT SPMF JO UIF CSPBEFS RVFTUJPO PG /FBOEFSUBM NPSUVBSZ CFIBWJPS
BOE JUT FQPOZNPVT 'FSSBTTJF .PVTUFSJBO JOEVTUSZ ăF SFNBJOT PG UXP XFMMQSFTFSWFE /FBOEFSUBM BEVMUT -B 'FSSBTTJF BOE BOE
đWF PUIFS JOEJWJEVBMT XFSF GPVOE EVSJOH UIF FYUFOTJWF FYDBWBUJPOT MFBE CZ $BQJUBO BOE 1FZSPOZ JO UIF FBSMZ UI DFOUVSZ "SDIBF
PMPHJDBM SFTFBSDI DPOUJOVFE BU -B 'FSSBTTJF CZ %FMQPSUF GSPN UP BOE TP NPTU PG UIF HFPBSDIBFPMPHJDBMPSJFOUFE SFTFBSDI
IBT TJODF GPDVTFE QSJNBSJMZ JO UIF MPOHTFRVFODF PG EFQPTJUT FYQPTFE JO UIF FBTUFSONPTU TFDUJPO PG UIF TJUF /FX SFTFBSDI CFHBO JO
FYQPTJOH JOUBDU MBZFST JO UIF FYUSFNF XFTUFSO BSFB PG UIF TJUF JNNFEJBUFMZ BEKBDFOU UP UIF SFQPSUFE MPDBUJPO PG UIF BEVMU TLFMF
UPOT 0OF PG UIF HPBMT PG UIJT QSPKFDU JT UP BEESFTT UIF TUSBUJHSBQIJDBM DPOUFYU PG UIF IVNBO PDDVQBUJPOT BOE QSFWJPVTMZ EJTDPWFSFE
/FBOEFSUBM SFNBJOT CZ SFDPOTUSVDUJOH UIF GPSNBUJPO QSPDFTTFT PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE "U UIF CBTF PG UIF TFRVFODF JO UIJT QBSU
PG UIF TJUF BSF CBTBM SFE TBOET MBSHFMZ QSFEBUJOH IVNBO PDDVQBUJPOT UIBU SFTVMU GSPN ĔVWJBM EFQPTJUJPO XJUI MPDBM DPOUSJCVUJPOT
PG MJNFTUPOF SPPG GBMM TMBCT ăFTF TFEJNFOUT BSF PWFSMBJO CZ TFWFSBM ZFMMPX UP CSPXO TBOEZ MBZFST BTTPDJBUFE XJUI .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD
PDDVQBUJPOT BOE PWFSMZJOH UIFN JT B UIJO SFE DMBZFZ MBZFS XJUI B CMBEFCBTFE JOEVTUSZ BOE CMBEFMFUT QSFTVNBCMZ $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO
'JOBMMZ UIF UPQ PG UIF TFRVFODF JT DBQQFE CZ TFWFSBM MBZFST DPOUBJOJOH "VSJHOBDJBO ăF TFEJNFOUBUJPO PG UIFTF MBZFST JT MJOLFE UP
TMPQF QSPDFTTFT NVE ĔPX BOE ESZ GBMM UBMVT
PSJHJOBUJOH GSPN UIF /8 UIBU JT GSPN B UPQPHSBQIJDBMMZ IJHIFS MJNFTUPOF QMBUGPSN
UIBU JT BO FYUFOTJPO PG B TNBMM DBWF MPDBUFE IJHIFS VQ JO UIF DMJĈ )PXFWFS EVF UP RVBSSZJOH BOE UIF DPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF SPBE JO
UIF MBUF UI DFOUVSZ UIF PSJHJOBM NPSQIPMPHZ BOE FYUFOTJPO PG UIJT QMBUGPSN BSF EJċDVMU UP SFDPOTUSVDU *O BEEJUJPO UP UIF TMPQF
EFQPTJUT UIF QSFTFODF PG DBMDBSFPVT DPBSTF TBOET BOE OVNFSPVT MJNFTUPOF TMBCT BOE CPVMEFST QPJOUT UP B HSBEVBM DPMMBQTF PG UIF SPPG
UIBU PSJHJOBMMZ DPWFSFE UIJT BSFB PG UIF TJUF ăF MPXFSNPTU .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD EFQPTJUT CFBS FWJEFODF PG TZO BOE QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM
DSZPUVSCBUJPO JO BTTPDJBUJPO XJUI UIF POTFU PG DPMEFS DMJNBUJD DPOEJUJPOT "MUIPVHI UIF MBZFST UFOE UP CF QSFEPNJOBOUMZ DBMDBSFPVT
MBUFSBM WBSJBUJPOT JO UIF EFQPTJUT BSF FYQSFTTFE CZ JODSFBTJOH EFDBMDJđDBUJPO UPXBSET UIF DMJĈ GBDF UP UIF /& ăJT EFDBMDJđDBUJPO
SFTVMUFE JO DPNQBDUJPO PG UIF EFQPTJUT BOE UIF SFMFBTF PG QPPSMZ CMFBDIFE RVBSU[ HSBJOT GSPN UIF MJNFTUPOF TMBCT #JPHFOJD FH
NNTJ[FE DPQSPMJUFT
BOE BOUISPQPHFOJD JOQVUT JO UIF GPSN PG MJUIJD BSUJGBDUT BOE GBVOBM SFNBJOT PĕFO TIPXJOH TJHOT PG UIFSNBM
BMUFSBUJPO EVF UP CVSOJOH
BSF SFMBUJWFMZ BCVOEBOU GSFRVFOUMZ TIPXJOH DPBSTF CFEEJOH XJUI BO PSJFOUBUJPO XIJDI GPMMPXT UIF PWFS
BMM JODMJOBUJPO PG UIF TFEJNFOUBSZ MBZFST ăF BCPWF FWJEFODF TVHHFTUT UIBU UIF TFEJNFOUBUJPO QSPDFTTFT PG UIJT TFDUPS 8FTU PG -B
'FSSBTTJF BSF TVCTUBOUJBMMZ EJĈFSFOU GSPN UIPTF PQFSBUJOH JO UIF MPOHTFRVFODF QSFTFSWFE UPXBSET UIF FBTU BOE UIVT UIF TJUF JT NVDI
NPSF DPNQMFY UIBO XPVME TFFN UP CF UIF DBTF GSPN FYBNJOJOH UIF FBTUFSO TFDUJPO BMPOF 1FSIBQT FWFO NPSF JNQPSUBOU UIF NBKPSJUZ
PG UIF IVNBO PDDVQBUJPO JO UIJT XFTUFSONPTU QBSU PG UIF TJUF NVTU IBWF CFFO PSJHJOBMMZ MPDBUFE PO B UPQPHSBQIJDBMMZ IJHI BSFB UP UIF
/8 PG UIF DVSSFOU FYDBWBUJPOT XIJDI XBT TJODF EFTUSPZFE CZ SPBE DPOTUSVDUJPO ăJT NBZ PS NBZ OPU IBWF TJHOJđDBOU JNQMJDBUJPOT
GPS UIF DPOUFYU PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM SFNBJOT XIJDI XJMM CF POF PG UIF QSJNBSZ SFTFBSDI GPDJ PG UIF VQDPNJOH TFBTPO
28
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S "ODJFOU IVNBO %/" đOBMMZ B SFTFBSDI đFME XIFSF EBUB TIBSJOH JT DPNNPO QSBDUJDF
1BPMP "OBHOPTUPV1,2 .BSDP $BQPDBTB2,3 .JMJB /JDPMB4 4BOOB &NBOVFMF4 %FTUSP #JTPM (JPWBOOJ1,2
6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ 3PNB AA-B 4BQJFO[B %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB "NCJFOUBMF 3PNF *UBMZ p *TUJUVUP *UBMJBOP EJ "OUSPQPMPHJB
3PNF *UBMZ p 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ 3PNB AA-B 4BQJFO[B %JQBSUJNFOUP #JPMPHJB F #JPUFDOPMPHJF i$IBSMFT %BSXJOu 3PNF *UBMZ p 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ $BHMJBSJ %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB 4QFSJNFOUBMF $BHMJBSJ *UBMZ
#BDLHSPVOE %BUB TIBSJOH JT DVSSFOUMZ SFHBSEFE BT B DSVDJBM GBDUPS GPS TDJFOUJđD QSPHSFTT )PXFWFS B SPCVTU BOE TVTUBJOBCMF EBUB TIBS
JOH JT GBS GSPN CFJOH SFBDIFE JO NPTU SFTFBSDI đFMET &NQJSJDBM BQQSPBDIFT UP UIF TUVEZ PG EBUB TIBSJOH CPUI RVFTUJPOOBJSFCBTFE
TVSWFZT PS BOBMZTFT PG EBUB SFUSJFWBCJMJUZ GSPN TDJFOUJđD MJUFSBUVSF IBWF UIF BEWBOUBHF UP QSPWJEF RVBOUJUBUJWF BOTXFST UP RVFTUJPOT
XIJDI SFHBSET UIF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG NPUJWBUJPOT VOEFSMZJOH TIBSJOH CFIBWJPVS UIF BEFRVBDZ PG UPPMT BOE JOGSBTUSVDUVSFT BOE UIF
FċDJFODZ PG DVSSFOU QPMJDJFT BOE TUSBUFHJFT 'VSUIFSNPSF UIJT LJOE PG BQQSPBDI NBZ IFMQ JEFOUJGZ iĔBHTIJQ SFTFBSDI đFMETu XIJDI
BMPOH XJUI UIFJS TZNCPMJD WBMVF UIFZ NBZ QSPWJEF UIF PQFO SFTFBSDI EBUB NPWFNFOU JEFBT BOE QSBDUJDFT XIJDI DPVME CF BEPQUFE UP
JODSFBTF EBUB TIBSJOH JO PUIFS đFMET &NQJSJDBM TUVEJFT DBSSJFE PO VQ VOUJM OPX IBWF GBJMFE UP JEFOUJGZ TVDI QPTJUJWF FYBNQMFT "JNT
*O UIJT TUVEZ XF BOBMZ[F SBUF BOE NPEF PG EBUB TIBSJOH JO QVCMJDBUJPOT SFHBSEJOH IVNBO BODJFOU %/" TUVEJFT B SFTFBSDI đFME PG
QBSUJDVMBS JOUFSFTU GPS FNQJSJDBM TUVEJFT EVF UP JUT IJHI TUBOEBSET JO UFSNT PG SFMJBCJMJUZ BOE FYQFSJNFOUBM SFQSPEVDJCJMJUZ .FUIPET
8F JOTQFDUFE B UPUBM PG QBQFST QVCMJTIFE CFUXFFO BOE XIJDI XFSF SFUSJFWFE GSPN UIF 1VC.FE VTJOH DPNCJOB
UJPOT PG SFMFWBOU LFZ XPSET 1BQFST XFOU UISPVHI B EPVCMF EBUB DPMMFDUJPO QSPDFEVSF FBDI QFSGPSNFE CZ BO FYQFSJFODFE SFTFBSDIFS
VTJOH BO BMSFBEZ EFWFMPQFE QSPUPDPM <> XIJDI XBT TMJHIUMZ NPEJđFE UP BEBQU JU GPS BODJFOU %/" TUVEJFT BEEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO PO
FYQFSJNFOUBM QSPDFEVSFT
%BUBTFUT XFSF DPVOUFE BT TIBSFE JG UIFZ XFSF QSFTFOUFE JO B XBZ UIBU QFSNJUT UIFJS SFVTF JO JOEJWJEVBM
PS QPQVMBUJPO BOBMZTFT XJUIPVU BOZ TVCTUBOUJBM MJNJUBUJPO 'VSUIFSNPSF JO PSEFS UP HBJO GVSUIFS JOTJHIUT JOUP UIF TIBSJOH CFIBWJPS
BNPOH SFTFBSDIFST XPSLJOH XJUI BODJFOU IVNBO %/" XF BTLFE đSTU MBTU BOE DPSSFTQPOEJOH BVUIPST PG UIF QBQFST JOTQFDUFE UP đMM
JO BO BE IPD EFWFMPQFE RVFTUJPOOBJSF 3FTVMUT BOE EJTDVTTJPO 8F JOTQFDUFE B UPUBM PG EBUBTFUT SFHBSEJOH NJUPDIPOESJBM : DISP
NPTPNBM BOE BVUPTPNBM QPMZNPSQIJTNT 5XP IVOESFET BOE đWF EBUBTFUT XFSF GPVOE UP NBLF UIFJS HFOFUJD JOGPSNBUJPO
GVMMZ BWBJMBCMF BOE SFVTBCMF ăJT TIBSJOH SBUF JT CZ GBS UIF IJHIFS BNPOH BMM SFTFBSDI đFMET BOBMZTFE UP EBUF ăF RVFTUJPOOBJSF CBTFE
TVSWFZ TVHHFTUT UIBU UIJT CFIBWJPVS NBZ CF FYQMBJOFE CZ UIF BVUIPST BXBSFOFTT PG UIF JNQPSUBODF PG PQFOOFTT BOE USBOTQBSFODZ
GPS TDJFOUJđD QSPHSFTT 8F BSHVF UIBU UIJT MBUUFS DPOEJUJPO DPVQMFE XJUI UIF BEPQUJPO PG TUSJOHFOU TUBOEBSET BOE DSPTTMBCPSBUPSZ
WBMJEBUJPO QSPDFEVSFT XBT DSVDJBM UP PWFSDPNF EPVCUT DPODFSOJOH TDJFOUJđD SJHPS BOE EBUB SFMJBCJMJUZ JO UIJT SFTFBSDI đFME .PSF
JO HFOFSBM UIF DBTF PG EBUB TIBSJOH JO BODJFOU IVNBO %/" TUVEJFT DPOWFZT BO JNQPSUBOU NFTTBHF SJHPSPVT BOE SFMJBCMF TDJFOUJđD
QSBDUJDFT NBZ CF EFWFMPQFE CZ NBLJOH EBUB TIBSJOH HP IBOE JO IBOE XJUI PQFOOFTT UP TDJFOUJđD JORVJSZ FWFO JO UIF QSFTFODF PG
DPNQMFY FYQFSJNFOUBM DIBMMFOHFT
3FGFSFODFT<> .JMJB / $POHJV " "OBHOPTUPV 1 .POUJOBSP ' $BQPDBTB . 4BOOB & %FTUSP #JTPM ( .JOF :PVST 0VST 4IBSJOH %BUB
PO )VNBO (FOFUJD 7BSJBUJPO 1-P4 0/& F
29
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 5PXBSET MVNJOFTDFODF EBUJOH PG UIF -PXFS 1BMFPMJUIJD
$ISJTUJOB "OLKSHBBSE1 ,MBVEJB ,VJQFS2 #FOOZ (VSBMOJL3 /BPNJ 1PSBU4 .BZBOL +BJO5 +BO 8JKCSBOT 2 +BLPC 8BMMJOHB1
4PJM (FPHSBQIZ BOE -BOETDBQF HSPVQ /FUIFSMBOET $FOUSF GPS -VNJOFTDFODF EBUJOH 8BHFOJOHFO 6OJWFSTJUZ ăF
/FUIFSMBOET p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSUI 4DJFODFT 7SJKF 6OJWFSTJUFJU "NTUFSEBN ăF /FUIFSMBOET p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSUI
4DJFODFT &5) ;VSJDI 4XJU[FSMBOE p -VNJOFTDFODF %BUJOH -BCPSBUPSZ (FPMPHJDBM 4VSWFZ PG *TSBFM +FSVTBMFN *TSBFM p $FOUSF GPS /VDMFBS 5FDIOPMPHJFT %56 /VUFDI 5FDIOJDBM 6OJWFSTJUZ PG %FONBSL 3PTLJMEF %FONBSL
ăSPVHIPVU UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO BSFB UIFSF JT B OVNCFS PG 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUFT DPOUBJOJOH FWJEFODF PG IPNJOJO QSFTFODF SFMBUFE UP UIF
FBSMZ 0VUPG"GSJDB NJHSBUJPOT )PXFWFS UIF BHFT PG UIF GPTTJMT BOE BSUJGBDUT BSF PĕFO JNQSFDJTF BOE BSF MBSHFMZ CBTFE PO OPO
SBEJPNFUSJD EBUJOH NFUIPET TVDI BT GBVOBM DPSSFMBUJPOT NBHOFUPTUSBUJHSBQIZ QPMMFO FUD 4VDI JT UIF DBTF XJUI UIF BHFT PG TFWFSBM
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EBUJOH NFUIPE XIJDI DBO QPUFOUJBMMZ QSPWJEF B EJSFDU BOE JOEFQFOEFOU DISPOPNFUSZ GPS UIFTF BOE TJNJMBS
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JO BO FOWJSPONFOU XJUI NBYJNVN FYUFSOBM BHF DPOTUSBJOUT 8F JOWFTUJHBUF B DMBTTJD
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JO UIF WJDJOJUZ PG (FTIFS #FOPU :BBRPW BOE A6CFJEJZB ăF TJUF FYQPTFT
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PDMJNBUF JO UIJT SFHJPO <> 3FWJTFE "S"S DISPOPMPHZ GPS BMM CBTBMUJD ĔPXT WFSJđFT GPSNFS SFTVMUT BOE JT GVSUIFS TVQQPSUFE CZ
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DBMJCSBUJPO PG UIF 74- TJHOBM BU BO BMUFSOBUJWF TJUF XJUI B TJNQMFS HFPMPHJDBM IJTUPSZ -BLF 5VSLBOB ,FOZB
BOE JJJ
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MJNJOBSZ EBUJOH PG UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUFT PG JOUFSFTU
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT XPSL JT đOBODFE CZ 5FDIOPMPHZ 'PVOEBUJPO 458 458
BOE /80 7&/* HSBOU 3FGFSFODFT<> #BS:PTFG 0 BOE #FMNBLFS . &BSMZ BOE .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF GBVOBM BOE IPNJOJOT EJTQFSTBMT UISPVHI 4PVUIXFTUFSO "TJB õVBU
4DJ 3FW <> "OLKSHBBSE $ FU BM 5PXBSET EBUJOH õVBUFSOBSZ TFEJNFOUT VTJOH UIF RVBSU[ 7JPMFU 4UJNVMBUFE -VNJOFTDFODF 74-
TJHOBM õVBU (FPDISPO <> .PS % BOE 4UFJOJU[ ( ,"S BHF PG UIF CBTBMUT BU /BIBM 0SWJN /PSUIFSO (PMBO )FJHIUT
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PG *TSBFM 3FQPSU OS (4* <> )BSUNBO ( 3FDPOTUSVDUJOH .JE1MFJTUPDFOF QBMFPWFHFUBUJPO BOE QBMFPDMJNBUF JO UIF (PMBO )FJHIUT VTJOH
UIF Ψ$ WBMVFT PG NPEFSO WFHFUBUJPO BOE TPJM PSHBOJD DBSCPO PG QBMFPTPMT + )VNBO &WPM <> (VSBMOJL # FU BM &ĈFDUJWF DMPTVSF
UFNQFSBUVSF JO MFBLZ BOEPS TBUVSBUJOH UIFSNPDISPOPNFUFST &BSUI 1MBOFU 4DJ -FUU 30
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF OBSSBUJWFT BOE UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT FWJEFODF
+VBO -VJT "STVBHB1,2
%FQBSUBNFOUP EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB 6OJWFSTJEBE $PNQMVUFOTF EF .BESJE p $FOUSP EF &WPMVDJÓO Z $PNQPSUBNJFOUP
)VNBOPT 6$.*4$***
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)JTUPSJDBM TDJFODFT QSPEVDF TUPSJFT TDFOBSJPT
ăFTF OBSSBUJWFT DBOOPU CF UFTUFE UIFNTFMWFT BMUIPVHI NVTU CF CBTFE PO TDJFOUJđD
IZQPUIFTFT *G POF PG UIF IZQPUIFTFT JT QSPWFO GBMTF UIF OBSSBUJWF TIPVME OFDFTTBSJMZ CF DIBOHFE ăF TUPSJFT BCPVU IVNBO FWPMV
UJPO JO &VSPQF EVSJOH UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF QFSJPE EFQFOE UP B HSFBU FYUFOU PO IZQPUIFTFT BCPVU QIZMPHFOZ DISPOPMPHZ BOE
QBMFPDMJNBUF *O UIJT QBQFS * XJMM DPNNFOU PO UIF đSTU UXP SFMZJOH FTQFDJBMMZ PO UIF TQMFOEJE GPTTJM SFDPSE GSPN UIF 4JNB EF MPT
)VFTPT "UBQVFSDB
ăF 4) GPTTJMT BSF QBSU PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBM DMBEF CVU UIFZ BSF OPU JEFOUJDBM UP PUIFS GPTTJMT PG UIF TBNF QF
SJPE UIBU BSF BMTP BTTJHOFE UP UIF /FBOEFSUIBM FWPMVUJPOBSZ HSPVQ ăFSF BSF &VSPQFBO .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF GPTTJMT UIBU BSF FJUIFS
MFTT /FBOEFSUIBMEFSJWFE UIBO 4) PS OPU /FBOEFSUIBMMJLF BU BMM JO UIF QSFTFSWFE BOBUPNJDBM SFHJPOT *O PSEFS UP FTUBCMJTI UIF QBU
UFSO PG FWPMVUJPO B TVCTUBOUJWF QBSU PG UIF TDFOBSJP UIF HFPMPHJDBM BHF PG UIF GPTTJMT JT DSVDJBM *G UIF PMEFS UIF GPTTJM XIBUFWFS UIF
QSPWFOBODF XJUIJO &VSPQF
UIF MFTT /FBOEFSUIBMEFSJWFE UIFO UIF QBUUFSO XPVME CF BOBHFOFUJD BOE FWPMVUJPO JO &VSPQF XPVME
CF MJOFBM HSBEVBM BOE JOWPMWJOH UIF FOUJSF &VSPQFBO QPQVMBUJPO *G USVF BOZ &VSPQFBO IPNJOJO GPTTJM XPVME CF TVċDJFOU UP EBUF
UIF TJUF 5PP HPPE UP CF USVF *O DPOUSBTU JG UIF BODFTUSBM TUFN HSPVQ TVSWJWFE BĕFS UIF /FBOEFSUIBM MJOFBHF CSBODIFE PĈ UIFO UIF
QBUUFSO XPVME CF DMBEPHFOFUJD BOE DPOTJTUFOU XJUI QVODUVBUFE FRVJMJCSJVN
BOE BT B DPOTFRVFODF B QSJNJUJWF NPSQIPMPHZ DPVME
TUJMM CF GPVOE JO GPTTJMT UIBU BSF ZPVOHFS UIBO UIF EFSJWFE POFT 4) IBT CFFO SFDFOUMZ EBUFE UP BSPVOE ZFBST PME .PTU PG
UIF PUIFS &VSPQFBO .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF GPTTJMT BSF BQQBSFOUMZ ZPVOHFS JODMVEJOH TQFDJNFOT UIBU BMUIPVHI NPSF GSBHNFOUBSZ
MPPL
NPSF QSJNJUJWF UIBO 4) CVU JU JT OPU FBTZ UP EBUF GPTTJMT GPS UIJT UJNF QFSJPE JO OPOWPMDBOJD SFHJPOT *O UIJT QBQFS UIF NPSQIPMPHZ
BOE DISPOPMPHZ PG 4) BOE PUIFS &VSPQFBO GPTTJMT JT SFWJFXFE CVU UIF DPODMVTJPO JT UIBU XF NVTU JNQSPWF UIF GPTTJM SFDPSE BOE
FTQFDJBMMZ UIF EBUJOH PG UIF TJUFT JO PSEFS UP LOPX POF EBZ XIJDI JT UIF SFBM FWPMVUJPOBSZ QBUUFSO BOE IPX UIF TUPSZ TIPVME CF UPME
31
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S )PNJOJO 'PPUQSJOUT GSPN &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF %FQPTJUT BU )BQQJTCVSHI 6,
/JDL "TIUPO1 4JNPO ( -FXJT2 *TBCFMMF %F (SPPUF3 4BSBI %VĈZ4 .BSUJO #BUFT5 3JDIBSE #BUFT6 1FUFS )PBSF7 .BSL
-FXJT8 4JNPO " 1BSđUU8,9 4ZMWJB 1FHMBS10 $SBJH 8JMMJBNT1 3PCJO $SPNQUPO11 ,SJTUJBFO %"PVU11 3VTTFM 4BWBHF11 $ISJT 4USJOHFS8
%FQBSUNFOU PG 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE &VSPQF #SJUJTI .VTFVN -POEPO p *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ $PMMFHF -POEPO p 4DIPPM PG (FPHSBQIZ õVFFO .BSZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -POEPO p 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF JO &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE
1BMBFPFDPMPHZ -JWFSQPPM +PIO .PPSFT 6OJWFSTJUZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG :PSL p %FQBSUNFOU PG
"SDIBFPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8BMFT 5SJOJUZ 4U %BWJE -BNQFUFS p 4DIPPM PG (FPHSBQIZ BOE (FPTDJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "OESFXT p
%FQBSUNFOU PG (FPMPHZ /PSXJDI $BTUMF .VTFVN "SU (BMMFSZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSUI 4DJFODFT /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ
.VTFVN -POEPO p 4DIPPM PG #PUBOZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JWFSQPPM
ăF PMEFTU LOPXO IPNJOJO GPPUQSJOUT PVUTJEF "GSJDB XFSF EJTDPWFSFE BU )BQQJTCVSHI 6OJUFE ,JOHEPN ăF GPPUQSJOU IPSJ[PO IBT
CFFO EBUFE UP CFUXFFO DB NJMMJPO BOE NJMMJPO ZFBST BHP 4JODF B OVNCFS PG &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF ĔJOU BSUFGBDUT IBWF CFFO
GPVOE BMPOHTJEF GBVOB BOE ĔPSB FYUFOEJOH UIF QSFTFODF PG IVNBOT JO OPSUIXFTU &VSPQF CZ BU MFBTU ZFBST ăF TFEJNFOUT
JO XIJDI UIF GPPUQSJOUT XFSF GPVOE DPOTJTU PG MBNJOBUFE TJMUT MBJE EPXO CZ B MBSHF SJWFS XJUIJO UIF VQQFS SFBDIFT PG JUT FTUVBSZ
ăF TVSGBDF XIFSF UIF GPPUQSJOUT XFSF GPVOE XBT DMPTF UP UIF GPSFTIPSF BOE FYUFOEFE DB N ăF IPMMPXT JO UIF TVSGBDF XFSF
NBSLFEMZ EJĈFSFOU GSPN GFBUVSFT GPSNFE CZ XFMM EPDVNFOUFE TFEJNFOU FSPTJPO BOE EFQPTJUJPO JO FTUVBSJOF FOWJSPONFOUT ăF GFB
UVSFT PCTFSWFE BU )BQQJTCVSHI EP OPU DPOGPSN UP UIPTF EFTDSJCFE JO UIF FSPTJPO MJUFSBUVSF XIJDI TVHHFTUT UIBU UIFZ BSF OPU SFMBUFE
UP UIF TFEJNFOUBSZ QSPDFTTFT UBLJOH QMBDF JO UIF FTUVBSZ BU UIF UJNF PG EFQPTJUJPO %FQPTJUJPOBM TFEJNFOUBSZ TUSVDUVSFT BSF WJTJCMF JO
UIF TFEJNFOUT TVSSPVOEJOH UIF GPPUQSJOUT BOE BSF TJNJMBSMZ BMTP QSFTFSWFE PO FYQPTFE TVSGBDFT CVU UIFTF BSF DMFBSMZ EJTUJOHVJTIBCMF
GSPN UIF GFBUVSFT PCTFSWFE BU )BQQJTCVSHI UIBU XF DPOTJEFS UP CF GPPUQSJOUT ăF GPPUQSJOU TVSGBDF XBT SFDPSEFE VTJOH NVMUJJNBHF
QIPUPHSBNNFUSZ ăF IPMMPXT BSF EJTUJODUMZ FMPOHBUF BOE UIF NBKPSJUZ GBMM XJUIJO UIF GPPU TJ[FT PG KVWFOJMFT BOE BEVMUT *O NBOZ
DBTFT UIF BSDI BOE GSPOUCBDL PG UIF GPPU DBO CF JEFOUJđFE BOE JO UXP DBTFT UIF JNQSFTTJPO PG UPFT DBO CF TFFO ăF PSJFOUBUJPO PG
UIF QSJOUT JOEJDBUFT NPWFNFOU JO B TPVUIFSMZ EJSFDUJPO PO NVEĔBUT BMPOH UIF SJWFS FEHF *OJUJBM BOBMZTFT PG UIF GPPUQSJOU MFOHUI UP
TUBUVSF SBUJPT SFWFBMFE UIBU UIF IPNJOJOT XIP NBEF UIF QSJOUT BSF FTUJNBUFE UP IBWF CFFO CFUXFFO DB BOE N JO IFJHIU
ăJT JT TVHHFTUJWF PG B HSPVQ PG NJYFE BHFT $PNQBSJTPOT XJUI TUBUVSF FTUJNBUFT GPS )PNP BOUFDFTTPS UIF POMZ LOPXO TQFDJFT JO
XFTUFSO &VSPQF PG B TJNJMBS BHF TIPX UIBU UIF GPPU TJ[FT BOE FTUJNBUFE TUBUVSF PG UIF IPNJOJOT GSPN )BQQJTCVSHI GBMM XJUIJO UIF
SBOHF EFSJWFE GSPN UIF GPTTJM FWJEFODF PG )PNP BOUFDFTTPS ăSFFEJNFOTJPOBM NPEFMT PG UIF GPPUQSJOUT IBWF CFFO DSFBUFE BOE OFX
GVODUJPOBM BOBMZTFT PG UIF GPPUQSJOUT XJUI EJSFDU QJYFMMFWFM TUBUJTUJDBM DPNQBSJTPO UP FBSMZ IPNJOJO -BFUPMJ *MFSFU
BOE QSFTIPF
IVNBO /BNJCJB
GPPUQSJOU USBJMT XJMM CF QSFTFOUFE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL 5JN "MCJOT BOE /JHFM -BSLJO GPS IFMQ BOE BEWJDF JO SFDPSEJOH UIF TVSGBDF UPHFUIFS
XJUI $MJWF BOE 4VF 4UPDLUPO .BMDPMN ,JSCZ .JLF $IBNCFST BOE UIF QFPQMF PG )BQQJTCVSHI GPS UIFJS DPOUJOVFE TVQQPSU 8F BSF
BMTP HSBUFGVM UP %BWJE 8BUFSIPVTF BOE +PIO %BWJFT PG /PSGPML .VTFVNT BOE "SDIBFPMPHZ 4FSWJDF BOE UP #SJBO 'BSSPX BOE 3VTTFMM
5BOOFS PG /PSUI /PSGPML %JTUSJDU $PVODJM GPS MPHJTUJDBM IFMQ JO UIF 1SPKFDU 8F BSF HSBDFGVM UP -PM #BLFS GSPN UIF -*WFSQPPM +PIO
.PPSFT 'BC -BC GPS IFMQ XJUI % QSJOUJOH 'JOBMMZ XF UIBOL UIF $BMMFWB 'PVOEBUJPO GPS TVQQPSU PG UIF 1BUIXBZT UP "ODJFOU #SJUBJO
1SPKFDU PG XIJDI UIF SFTFBSDI BU )BQQJTCVSHI GPSNT B QBSU
32
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B -BUF HMBDJBM MBOETDBQFT BOE DBWF TJUFT GPSNBUJPO QSPDFTTFT BO JOOPWBUJWF BQQSPBDI GSPN UIF "DI BOE
-POF WBMMFZT PG UIF 4XBCJBO +VSB 48 (FSNBOZ
"MWJTF #BSCJFSJ1 /JDIPMBT + $POBSE2 $ISJTUPQIFS & .JMMFS1
*OTUJUVUF PG 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF %FQU (FPBSDIFPMPHZ 5ÛCJOHFO p *OTUJUVUF PG 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE
"SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF %FQU PG &BSMZ 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE õVBUFSOBSZ 5ÛCJOHFO
ăF DBWFT MPDBUFE XJUIJO UIF "DI BOE -POF WBMMFZT PG UIF 4XBCJBO +VSB 4UBUF PG #BEFO8ÛSUUFNCFSH TPVUIXFTUFSO (FSNBOZ
BSF
LFZ TJUFT UP TUVEZ UIF BSSJWBM PG NPEFSO IVNBOT JO $FOUSBM &VSPQF 'PS PWFS B DFOUVSZ BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FYDBWBUJPOT DPOEVDUFE JO
UIFTF DBWF TJUFT IBWF QSPWJEFE TQFDUBDVMBS đOET TVDI BT đHVSBUJWF BSU BOE NVTJDBM JOTUSVNFOUT UIBU EBUF UP UIF "VSJHOBDJBO 1SF
WJPVT HFPBSDIFPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT IBWF OPUFE UIF TJNJMBSJUJFT CFUXFFO UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BOE OBUVSBM SFDPSET EFQPTJUFE JO UIF DBWFT PG
)PIMFOTUFJO JO UIF -POF 7BMMFZ BOE )PIMF 'FMT JO UIF "DI 7BMMFZ "U CPUI TJUFT FYDBWBUPST SFQPSU UIF QSFTFODF PG HVMMJFT BOE SJMMT
TVHHFTUJOH B TUSBUJHSBQIJD EJTDPOUJOVJUZ QSJPS UP UIF .BHEBMFOJBO "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIJDL DPMMVWJBM JOđMMJOH PG UIF DBWFT TVHHFTU UIBU
ESBTUJD DIBOHFT JO FOWJSPONFOU BOE MBOETDBQF UPPL QMBDF BĕFS UIF -BUF (MBDJBM .BYJNVN ăF BJNT PG PVS SFTFBSDI BSF UP SFDPO
TUSVDU UIFTF MBOETDBQF DIBOHFT UP JOWFTUJHBUF UIFJS JNQBDU PO UIF TFEJNFOUBUJPO QSPDFTTFT XJUIJO UIF DBWFT BOE FYBNJOF IPX UIFTF
DIBOHFT JO TFEJNFOUBUJPO XJUIJO UIF DBWFT TIBQF UIF SFDPSE PG IVNBO PDDVQBUJPO JO UIF 4XBCJBO SFHJPO 5P BDIJFWF UIFTF HPBMT XF
EFDJEFE UP VTF BO JOOPWBUJWF BQQSPBDI DPNCJOJOH HFPQIZTJDBM BOE HFPNPSQIPMPHJDBM QSPTQFDUJOH DPSJOH BOE NJDSPNPSQIPMPHZ
)FSF XF QSFTFOU BO PWFSWJFX PG PVS QSFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT ăBOLT UP NPSF UIBO UXP IVOESFE NMPOH DPSFT DPMMFDUFE JO UIF -POF
WBMMFZ XF XFSF BCMF UP QSPEVDF B EFUBJMFE NBQ PG UIF TVSGBDF TFEJNFOUT QSFTFOU JO UIF BSFB CFUXFFO #PDLTUFJO BOE 7PHFMIFSE DBWFT
$PNCJOJOH UIJT JOGPSNBUJPO XJUI EBUB PCUBJOFE GSPN B QSFMJNJOBSZ HSPVOEQFOFUSBUJOH SBEBS (13
TVSWFZ XF XFSF BCMF UP DPO
EVDU GPDVTFE (13 TVSWFZ JO LFZ BSFBT PG CPUI UIF WBMMFZT ăF HFPQIZTJDBM QSPTQFDUJPO DPOEVDUFE PVUTJEF PG UIF FOUSBODF PG )PIMF
'FMT DBWF JO UIF "DI 7BMMFZ IBT SFWFBMFE UIF EFQUI PG UIF CFESPDL N DJSDB
BOE B QSFTFSWFE EFQPTJU DPNJOH GSPN UIF FOUSBODF
PG UIF DBWF ăFTF SFTVMUT QSPWJEF JNQPSUBOU JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU UIF FYUFOU PG B QPTTJCMF NJHSBUJPO PG UIF "DI 3JWFS UPXBSET UIF
FOUSBODF PG UIF DBWF EVSJOH BOE BĕFS UIF -(. "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIF (13 IBT DMFBSMZ EPDVNFOUFE UIF QSFTFODF PG -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF PS
FBSMZ )PMPDFOF DPMMVWJBM EFQPTJUT UIBU EJQ UPXBSET UIF FOUSBODF PG UIF DBWF ăF EBUB DPMMFDUFE JO GSPOU PG )PIMFOTUFJO BOE #PDL
TUFJO JO UIF -POF 7BMMFZ JOEJDBUF QIBTFT PG DIBOOFM NJHSBUJPO BOE DPMMVWJBUJPO #BTFE PO UIF (13 EBUB XF IBWF BMTP QSPEVDFE IJHI
SFTPMVUJPO % NPEFMT BOE HFPSFGFSFODFE UJNF TMJDFT JO PSEFS UP PCUBJO BO BDDVSBUF HFPHSBQIJD QPTJUJPOJOH BOE FOIBODF PVS VOEFS
TUBOEJOH PG UIF JEFOUJđFE GFBUVSFT "DDPSEJOH UP UIF JOGPSNBUJPO PCUBJOFE GSPN UIF HFPQIZTJDBM TVSWFZT XF XFSF BCMF UP JEFOUJGZ
LFZ BSFBT UP CF GVSUIFS JOWFTUJHBUFE CZ DPSJOH BOE USFODIJOH ăF EBUB PCUBJOFE GSPN UIF HFPQIZTJDBM BOE DPSJOH TVSWFZ PG UIF "DI
BOE -POF WBMMFZT BSF DPNQBSFE UP UIF SFTVMUT PG NJDSPNPSQIPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT PG UIF EFQPTJUT GSPN )PIMF 'FMT BOE )PIMFOTUFJO DBWFT
#Z JOUFHSBUJOH EJĈFSFOU TDBMFT PG PCTFSWBUJPO XF BSF BCMF UP JEFOUJGZ UIF QSPDFTTFT UIBU IBWF MFE UP UIF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF TFRVFODFT EF
QPTJUFE XJUIJO UIF DBWFT BOE EFUFSNJOF DPSSFMBUJPOT CFUXFFO UIFN BOE UIF NBKPS TFEJNFOUBUJPO QSPDFTTFT BDUJWF PO B SFHJPOBM TDBMF
33
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B ăF &BSMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD BU .BOPU $BWF 8FTUFSO (BMJMFF *TSBFM
0NSZ #BS[JMBJ1 #SJEHFU "MFY2 &MJTBCFUUB #PBSFUUP3 *TSBFM )FSTILPWJU[4 0GFS .BSEFS5
*TSBFM "OUJRVJUJFT "VUIPSJUZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE )VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ #JPMPHZ )BSWBSE 6OJWFSTJUZ p 8FJ[NBOO *OTUJUVUFm.BY 1MBODL $FOUFS GPS *OUFHSBUJWF "SDIBFPMPHZ %3&".4 3BEJPDBSCPO -BCPSBUPSZ 8FJ[NBOO *OTUJUVUF
PG 4DJFODF p ăF %BO %BWJE -BCPSBUPSZ 4BDLMFS 'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF 5FM "WJW 6OJWFSTJUZ p "SDIBFPMPHZ %JWJTJPO
#FO(VSJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF /FHFW
ăF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD QFSJPE PG UIF -FWBOU JT EJWJEFE JOUP UISFF DISPOPMPHJDBM TUBHFT *OJUJBM &BSMZ -BUF
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PMJUIJD XIFO NPEFSO IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT IBWF GVMMZ FTUBCMJTIFE UIFNTFMWFT JO UIF SFHJPO ăF &BSMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD DPOTJTUT PG
UXP DVMUVSBM FOUJUJFT u"INBSJBOu BOE u-FWBOUJOF "VSJHOBDJBOu ăF "INBSJBO EJTQFSTFE UISPVHIPVU UIF -FWBOU JT DPODFJWFE BT
MPDBM USBEJUJPO XIFSFBT UIF "VSJHOBDJBO DPOTUSBJOFE UP GFX DBWF TJUFT JO UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO XPPEMBOE SFHJPO JT DPOTJEFSFE BO JO
UFSGFSFODF PG &VSPQFBO QPQVMBUJPOT " SFDFOU FYDBWBUJPO QSPKFDU BU .BOPU $BWF JO UIF XFTUFSO (BMJMFF *TSBFM FYQPTFE SJDI &BSMZ
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DPWFSFE JO FYDBWBUJPO "SFB $ MBZFS TVQFSJNQPTFE CZ "VSJHOBDJBO MBZFST MBZFST ăF "INBSJBO BU .BOPUJT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE
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PG CMBEF UPPMT TVDI BT SFUPVDIFE CMBEFT FOETDSBQFST CVSJOT BOE TUSBJHIU FM8BE QPJOUT 3BEJPDBSCPO EBUFT TFU UIF BHF PG 6OJU UP DB LDBM #1 ăF -FWBOUJOF "VSJHOBDJBO DVSSFOUMZUIF EPNJOBOU DVMUVSBM USBEJUJPOXJUIJO UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD BU
.BOPU XBT SFDPSEFE JO UXP FYDBWBUJPO "SFBT $ BOE & ăFEJTUJODUJWF đOET JODMVEF DBSJOBUFE BOE OPTFE FOETDSBQFST "VSJHOBDJBO
CMBEFT DVSWFEUXJTUFE CMBEFMFUT BOE BOUMFS TQFBS QPJOUT /PUBCMZ B SFMBUJWFMZ GBJS BNPVOU PG TFB TIFMMT XFSF SFDPWFSFE GSPN UIFTF
DPOUFYUT TPNF XFSF VTFE GPS QFSTPOBM PSOBNFOUBUJPO BOE TPNF MJLFMZ DPOTVNFE BT GPPEăF SBEJPDBSCPO BHFT PG UIF "VSJHOBDJBO
MBZFST JO "SFB $ JT DB LDBM #1 XIJMF JO UIF "SFB & JT DB LZS DBM #1 ăF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD DPOUFYUT BU .BOPU
BSF QSPGFTTFE XJUI GBVOBM BOE CPUBOJDBM SFNBJOT <> ăF GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHFT BSF SJDI BOE EJWFSTJđFE BOE DPOTJTU PG MBSHF VOHVMBUFT
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ăF OFX FYDBWBUJPOT BU .BOPU SFWFBMFE B SJDI TUSBUJđFE &BSMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD TFRVFODF ăF FBSMJFTU JT UIF "INBSJBO USBEJUJPO
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FYDBWBUJPO "SFBT $ BOE & BUUFTU B SFQFUJUJWF FYQMPJUBUJPO PG UIF DBWF CZ UIF MBUUFS ăF "VSJHOBDJBO BU .BOPU XBT JOUFOTJWF BOE MPOH
BOE QSPCBCMZ MBTUFE VOUJM DB LZB XIJDI JT BMTP UIF FTUJNBUFE UJNF GPS UIF DPMMBQTF PG UIF DBWF FOUSBODF
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$"3& 'PVOEBUJPO BOE UIF -FBLFZ 'PVOEBUJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> #BS:PTFG 0 BOE #FMGFS$PIFO " ăF -FWBOUJOF 6QQFS 1BMBMFPMJUIJD BOE &QJQBMBFPMJUIJD *O (BSDFB &"" FE
4PVUI&BTUFSO .FEJUFSSBOFBO 1FPQMFT #FUXFFO BOE :FBST "HP 0YCPX 0YGPSE QQ <> #BS[JMBJ 0 "ZBMPO " #BS.BUIFXT
. #BS0[ ( #PBSFUUP & #FSOB ' 'SVNLJO " )FSTILPWJU[ * ,IBMBJMZ ) .BSEFS 0 8FJOFS 4 :FTIVSVO 3 .BOPU $BWF " QSFIJTUPSJD
DBWF TJUF JO UIF XFTUFSO (BMJMFF *TSBFM )BEBTIPU"SLIFPMPHJPU IUUQXXXIBEBTIPUFTJPSHJM <> .BSEFS 0 "MFY # "ZBMPO " #BS.BUUIFXT
. #BS0[ ( #BS:PTFG .BZFS % #FSOB ' #PBSFUUP & $BSBDVUB 7 'SVNLJO " (PEFS(PMECFSHFS . )FSTILPWJU[ * -BUJNFS # -BWJ 3
.BUUIFXT " 8FJOFS 4 8FJTT 6 :BTVS ( :FTIVSVO 3 #BS[JMBJ 0 ăF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD PG .BOPU $BWF 8FTUFSO (BMJMFF *TSBFM UIF
m FYDBWBUJPOT "OUJRVJUZ IUUQXXXBOUJRVJUZBDVL
34
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S ăPSBY LJOFNBUJDT BOE UIF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG CPEZ NPEFMT JO IPNJOJO FWPMVUJPO
.BSLVT #BTUJS1 %BOJFM (BSDÎB .BSUÎOF[1 "MPO #BSBTI2 &MMB #FFO3 *TBCFM 5PSSFT4 'SBODJTDP (BSDÎB 3ÎP 4
1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ (SPVQ .VTFP /BDJPOBM EF $JFODJBT /BUVSBMFT $4*$ .BESJE 4QBJO p 'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF JO UIF
(BMJMFF #BS *MBO 6OJWFSTJUZ ;FGBU *TSBFM p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OBUPNZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 4BDLMFS 4DIPPM PG .FEJDJOF 5FM "WJW
6OJWFSTJUZ *TSBFM p )PTQJUBM 6OJWFSTJUBSJP -B 1B[ #JPNFEJDBM 3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF *EJ1";
.BESJE 4QBJO
&WPMVUJPOBSZ JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PG GPTTJM IPNJOJO CPEZ NPEFMT EFQFOE PO UIF BOBUPNJDBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPO BOE WFSJTJNJMJUVEF JO UIF
BTTFNCMBHF PG GPTTJM SFNBJOT <> )PXFWFS SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG GSBHNFOUFE TUSVDUVSFT PS UBQIPOPNJD EJTUPSUJPOT NVTU CF EJTUJO
HVJTIFE GSPN CPEZ SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT UIBU SFBTTFNCMF TLFMFUBM QBSUT FYDBWBUFE PVU PG JUT BOBUPNJDBM DPOUFYU )FSF XF BEESFTT QSPCMFNT
SFMBUFE UP UIF MBUUFS BT UIFZ FNFSHF JO PVS XPSL PO RVBOUJUBUJWF SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT PG GPTTJM IPNJOJO CPEZ NPEFMT " NBKPS QSPCMFN JO
UIJT UBTL JT UIF RVFTUJPO IPX UP BTTFNCMF NPCJMF TFSJBM BOBUPNJDBM FMFNFOUT ăF IPNJOJO UIPSBY JT B VTFGVM FYBNQMF JMMVTUSBUJOH IPX
OFX NPSQIPMPHJFT FNFSHF GSPN UIF BTTFNCMBHF PG TFSJBM NPCJMF BOBUPNJDBM FMFNFOUT 'PS FYBNQMF JU IBT CFFO TIPXO UIBU UIF NPS
QIPMPHZ PG WFSUFCSBF JOĔVFODFT UIF XBZ IPX UIFTF WFSUFCSBF DBO CF DPOOFDUFE XJUI FBDI PUIFS UP CVJME UIF TQJOF BOE JUT DVSWBUVSFT
BT QBSU PG UIF SJCDBHF <> #VU BMTP UIF QPTJUJPO PG UIF SJCT XJUIJO UIFJS DPTUPWFSUFCSBM KPJOUT JOĔVFODFT UIPSBY NPSQIPMPHZ *OEFFE
DIFTU TIBQF JT BMUFSFE EVSJOH SFTQJSBUPSZ LJOFNBUJDT BMUIPVHI % TLFMFUBM WBSJBUJPO EVSJOH SFTQJSBUJPO JT OPU XFMMLOPXO %JĈFSFOU
LJOFNBUJD QBUUFSOT PG VQQFS BOE MPXFS UIPSBY NPUJPO IBWF CFFO TVHHFTUFE CVU OPU ZFU RVBOUJđFE TUBUJTUJDBMMZ ăFTF GBDUPST BSF
SFMFWBOU UP SFDPOTUSVDUJOH CPEZ TIBQF CFDBVTF UIF XJEUIT PG UIF MPXFS SJCDBHF BOE UIF QFMWJT BSF BTTVNFE UP DPSSFMBUF <> )PXFWFS
BHBJO OP % TUVEZ IBT ZFU BEESFTTFE UIJT BTTVNQUJPO )FSF XF QSFTFOU POHPJOH SFTFBSDI PO UIFTF QSPCMFNT BTTFTTJOH "
SFTQJSBUPSZ
LJOFNBUJD DIBOHFT JO UIPSBY TIBQF #
UIF JOUFHSBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF MPXFS UIPSBY BOE UIF QFMWJT BOE $
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BOE % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT (.
PG TFNJMBOENBSLT
<> XFSF VTFE UP RVBOUJGZ LJOFNBUJD TIBQF WBSJBUJPO 3F
TVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU LJOFNBUJD WFDUPST PG UIF VQQFS BOE MPXFS UIPSBY EJWFSHFE TJHOJđDBOUMZ XJUI BO BOHMF PG EFHSFFT Q
ăJT NFBOT UIBU XIJMF UIF VQQFS UIPSBY FYQBOET WFSUJDBMMZ EVSJOH JOTQJSBUJPO UIF MPXFS UIPSBY FYQBOET WFSUJDBMMZ BOE MBUFSBMMZ
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MBOENBSLT PO SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT PG IVNBO DBEBWFS $5TDBOT XFSF BOBMZ[FE UP UFTU UIF
IZQPUIFTJT PG JOUFHSBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF MPXFS UIPSBY BOE UIF QFMWJT 1SFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT PG 5XP#MPDL 1BSUJBM -FBTU 4RVBSFT BOBMZTFT
CBTFE PO DPNNPO BOE JTPMBUFE 1SPDSVTUFT SFHJTUSBUJPOT TVQQPSU UIJT IZQPUIFTJT TIPXJOH IJHI BOE TJHOJđDBOU DPSSFMBUJPOT S
1
CFUXFFO MPXFS UIPSBDJD BOE QFMWJD XJEUIT 1VUUJOH CPUI SFTVMUT UPHFUIFS EFNPOTUSBUFT UIBU SJCT BSUJDVMBUFE JO JOTQJSBUPSZ
QPTJUJPO XJMM MFBE UP HSFBUFS FTUJNBUFT PG DFOUSBM CPEZ XJEUI UIBO SJCT JO FYQJSBUPSZ QPTJUJPO $
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TUBUVT PG UIF "./)/FBOEFSUBM UIPSBY SFDPOTUSVDUJPO XF DPNQVUFE DPOđEFODF JOUFSWBMT PG LJOFNBUJD UIPSBY TIBQF WBSJB
UJPO JO NPEFSO IVNBOT ăF 1$" TIPXT DPOTJEFSBCMF PWFSMBQ CVU UIF /FBOEFSUBM UIPSBY JT DMPTFS UP UIF NFBO TIBQF PG SJCDBHFT
JO FYQJSBUJPO UIBO UP UIF NFBO TIBQF PG SJCDBHFT JO JOTQJSBUJPO ăJT TVHHFTUT B SFBMJTUJD BTTFNCMBHF BOE FTUJNBUF PG JUT UPSTP BOE JUT
DFOUSBM CPEZ XJEUI )PXFWFS SFDFOU TUVEZ PG ,FCBSB IBT QSPQPTFE B DPOTJEFSBCMZ MBSHFS MPXFS UIPSBY UIBO QSFWJPVTMZ BTTVNFE
<> XIJDI NBZ JNQMZ B DFOUSBM CPEZ XJEUI HSFBUFS UIBO UIF DVSSFOU FTUJNBUF <> 'VSUIFS SFTFBSDI TIPVME BEESFTT UIJT QSPCMFN 8F
TVHHFTU UIBU CFDBVTF SFTQJSBUPSZ LJOFNBUJDT JOĔVFODF MPXFS UIPSBY XJEUI BOE CFDBVTF UIF MBUUFS JT JOUFHSBUFE XJUI UIF XJEUI PG UIF
QFMWJT DPOUSPMMJOH GPS UIPSBY LJOFNBUJDT JT JNQPSUBOU GPS UIF WFSJTJNJMJUVEF PG GPTTJM IPNJOJO CPEZ SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT TVDI BT ,FCBSB
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3FGFSFODFT<> 4BXZFS (+ .BMFZ # /FBOEFSUIBM SFDPOTUSVDUFE "OBU 3FD # <> 4DINJE 1 $IVSDIJMM 4& /BMMB 4 8FJTTFO & $BSMTPO
,+ FU BM .PTBJD .PSQIPMPHZ JO UIF ăPSBY PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB 4DJFODF <> #FFO & (ÓNF[0MJWFODJB " ,SBNFS 1" -VNCBS
MPSEPTJT PG FYUJODU IPNJOJOT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> #BTUJS . (BSDÎB .BSUÎOF[ % 3FDIFJT 8 #BSBTI " $PRVFSFMMF . 3JPT -
1FÒB.FMJÃO ¦ (BSDÎB 3ÎP ' 0)JHHJOT 1 %JĈFSFOUJBM (SPXUI BOE %FWFMPQNFOU PG UIF 6QQFS BOE -PXFS )VNBO ăPSBY 1-P4 0/& F <> (BSDÎB.BSUÎOF[ % #BSBTI " 3FDIFJT 8 6USJMMB $ 5PSSFT 4ÃODIF[ * (BSDÎB 3ÎP ' #BTUJS . 0O UIF DIFTU TJ[F PG ,FCBSB +
)VN &WPM 35
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă /FX /FBOEFSUBM SFNBJOT GSPN 4JSPHOF DBWF 3PDBNBEPVS -PU 'SBODF
1SJTDJMMB #BZMF1 -BVSFOU #SVYFMMFT2,3 1BVMJOF $PMPNCFU1 +FBO1IJMJQQF 'BJWSF1 +FBO-VD (VBEFMMJ1 'SBOÉPJT
-BDSBNQF$VZBVCÍSF 4 4UÊQIBOF .BEFMBJOF1,5 %BWJE .BODFM6 #SVOP .BVSFJMMF1 -VDB 4JU[JB1 "MBJO 5VSR1,5
6.3 1"$&" 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PSEFBVY $/34 .$$ 'SBODF p */3"1 'SBODF p 6.3 53"$&4
6OJWFSTJUZ 5PVMPVTF -F .JSBJM $/34 &)&44 .$$ 'SBODF p "SDIÊPTQIÍSF 4"3- 'SBODF p .VTÊF /BUJPOBM EF
1SÊIJTUPJSF 'SBODF p 1PUIPMJOH 'SBODF
8IJMF BEKBDFOU UFSSJUPSJFT BSF XFMMLOPXO GPS CFBSJOH B OVNCFS PG /FBOEFSUBM SFNBJOT GFX EJTDPWFSJFT GSPN UIF MJNFTUPOF QMBUFBVY
PG UIF õVFSDZ SFHJPO IBWF CFFO SFQPSUFE <> *O +VOF XF PSHBOJ[FE UIF đSTU QSPTQFDUJWF đFMEXPSL JO 4JSPHOF DBWF JO 3PDB
NBEPVS BĕFS UIF EJTDPWFSZ CZ POF PG VT %.
PG B IVNBO NBOEJCMF GSPN B ZPVOH BEVMU BOE B EFDJEVPVT DBOJOF BTTPDJBUFE XJUI
BCPVU POF IVOESFE GBVOBM SFNBJOT EVSJOH QPUIPMJOH FYQMPSBUJPO 8F BJNFE UP FWBMVBUF UIF BOUISPQPMPHJDBM BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QP
UFOUJBM PG UIF TJUF ăF DBWF JT MPDBUFE PO UIF /PSUI TJEF PG UIF "M[PV DBOZPO BOE JT QBSU PG B LBSTUJD DPNQMFY GPSNFE JO B +VSBTTJD DMJĈ
<> %VSJOH UIF đSTU TFBTPO BU 4JSPHOF XF DMBSJđFE UIF DPOUFYU PG UIF EJTDPWFSZ PG UIF NBOEJCMF BOE GPVOE đWF OFX IVNBO UFFUI
B EFDJEVPVT NPMBS B QFSNBOFOU JODJTPS B QFSNBOFOU DBOJOF BOE UXP QFSNBOFOU NPMBST
SBJTJOH UP GPVS UIF NJOJNVN OVNCFS
PG JOEJWJEVBMT GPVOE JO UIF DBWF " MBSHF OVNCFS PG GBVOBM SFNBJOT SFQSFTFOUJOH B CSPBE EJBDISPOJD GBVOBM TQFDUSVN IBWF BMTP CFFO
GPVOE BT XFMM BT .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD BSUJGBDUT NBEF GSPN RVBSU[JUF ĔJOU BOE MJNFTUPOF ăF GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHF IBT NBJOMZ CFFO
HBUIFSFE CZ IVNBOT 5P EBUF BMM IVNBO BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT XFSF GPVOE JO TFEJNFOUT BĈFDUFE CZ NBKPS QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM
QSPDFTTFT *O BEEJUJPO UP DBSSZJOH PVU B NPSQIPNFUSJD DPNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTJT PG UIF FYUFSOBM BTQFDUT PG UIF IVNBO SFNBJOT XF IBWF
FWBMVBUFE FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT BOE EFOUBM UJTTVF QSPQPSUJPOT VTJOH NJDSP$5 TDBOT QFSGPSNFE PO UIF .3* QMBUGPSN 6OJWFSTJUZ .POU
QFMMJFS 'SBODF
XJUI 4LZTDBO 9SBZ FRVJQNFOU 3FDPOTUSVDUJPOT XFSF DSFBUFE XJUI BO JTPUSPQJD WPYFM TJ[F SBOHJOH GSPN UP N BOE TFNJBVUPNBUJD UISFTIPMECBTFE TFHNFOUBUJPO XBT DPOEVDUFE VTJOH "WJ[P W 74(
ăF NBOEJCVMBS SFNBJOT
DPOTJTU PG OFBSMZ DPNQMFUF IBMG PG B DPSQVT UIBU JT QSFTFSWFE GSPN UIF BMWFPMBS TPDLFU PG UIF DBOJOF UP UIF UIJSE NPMBS 3FTVMUT TIPX
UIBU UIF IVNBO SFNBJOT GSPN 4JSPHOF DBWF SFQSFTFOU OFX /FBOEFSUBM GPTTJMT .PSFPWFS TPNF FWJEFODF TVHHFTUT UIBU 4JSPHOF NBZ
CF UIF TBNF DBWF SFGFSSFE UP BT A$SP[P EFM %VB ăJT TJUF XBT FYDBWBUFE EVSJOH UIF đSTU IBMG PG UIF UXFOUJFUI DFOUVSZ CZ "OESÊ
/JFEFSMBOEFS < > BOE IBT BMSFBEZ ZJFMEFE đWF IVNBO SFNBJOT SFQSFTFOUJOH BU MFBTU UISFF /FBOEFSUBM JOEJWJEVBMT <> )PXFWFS
OP QSFDJTF HFPHSBQIJD JOGPSNBUJPO XBT QSPWJEFE UP JEFOUJGZ UIF MPDBUJPO PG UIJT DBWF *U JT UIF CBTJD HFPHSBQIJD EBUB QFDVMJBS UP
QPHSBQIZ PG UIF DBWF BT XFMM BT UIF DPSSFTQPOEFODF CFUXFFO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSET BOE UIF EJTDPWFSZ PG B /PSUI4PVUI USFODI BU
4JSPHOF UIBU TUSPOHMZ TVHHFTUT UIBU UIFTF DBWFT BSF UIF TBNF TJUF ăF SFBTTFTTNFOU PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE GSPN $SP[P EFM %VB
BOE UIF FYBNJOBUJPO PG B QIPUPHSBQIJD SFDPSE PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TJUFT GSPN UIF đSTU IBMG PG UIF UXFOUJFUI DFOUVSZ TIPVME IFMQ UP
DMBSJGZ UIJT JTTVF *G 4JSPHOF JT JOEFFE $SP[P EFM %VB POF NBOEJCMF BOE FMFWFO JTPMBUFE UFFUI SFQSFTFOUJOH BU MFBTU đWF /FBOEFSUBMT
IBWF CFFO GPVOE UP EBUF BU UIF TJUF 'VUVSF đFME TFBTPOT BU UIF TJUF XJMM GPDVT PO UIF FWBMVBUJPO PG UIF JOUFHSJUZ PG UIF TUSBUJHSBQIJD
BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM VOJUT GSPN UIF USFODI GPVOE JO "DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BDLOPXMFEHF UIF GPMMPXJOH JOTUJUVUJPOT GPS UIFJS TVQQPSU %JSFDUJPO 3ÊHJPOBMF EFT "ĈBJSFT $VMUVSFMMFT
BOE 4FSWJDF 3ÊHJPOBM EF M"SDIÊPMPHJF .JEJ1ZSÊOÊFT .VTÊF /BUJPOBM EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF -FT &Z[JFTEF5BZBD $POTFJM (ÊOÊSBM EV -PU
BTTPDJBUJPO "SDIÊPMPHJFT .POUBVCBO
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8F QBSUJDVMBSMZ UIBOL %JEJFS BOE *TBCFMMF #BVEFU BOE
(VZ #BSJWJFSB GPS UIFJS IFMQ EVSJOH UIF đFMEXPSL .JDSP$5 EBUB VTFE JO UIJT XPSL XFSF QSPEVDFE UISPVHI UIF GBDJMJUJFT PG UIF .3*
QMBUGPSN BOE PG UIF -BC&Y $F.&# XJUI UIF đOBODJBM TVQQPSU PG UIF *E&Y #PSEFBVY DPOUSBDU OVNCFS "/3*%&9
8F BMTP UIBOL 3FOBVE -FCSVO 6OJWFSTJUZ .POUQFMMJFS ăJT SFTFBSDI JT TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF -BC&Y -B4D"S#Y DPOUSBDU OVNCFS
"/3-"#&9
3FGFSFODFT<> (FOFU7BSDJO & &UVEF EF EFOUT QFSNBOFOUFT QSPWFOBOU EV HJTFNFOU NPVTUÊSJFO EF MB $SP[F EFM %VB -PU
"OO 1BMÊPOUPMPHJF
7FSUÊCSÊT -** <> #SVYFMMFT - "TUSVD +( .JTF FO QMBDF FU ÊWPMVUJPO EFT WBMMÊFT RVFSDZOPJTFT $POTÊRVFODFT NPSQIPMPHJRVFT FU
IZESPHSBQIJRVFT (ÊPMPHVFT <> -ÊNP[J " "QFSÉV TZOUIÊUJRVF TVS MB QSÊIJTUPJSF FO õVFSDZ BVY UFNQT QSÊIJTUPSJRVFT #VMM 4PD
&UVEFT -JUU 4DJFOUJG FU "SUJTU -PU 9-*7 <> /JFEFSMBOEFS " -B 1SÊIJTUPJSF EBOT MB SÊHJPO EF (SBNBU #VMM 4PD &UVEFT -JUU 4DJFOUJG FU
"SUJTU -PU -99** <> 5VSR " )JTUPSJRVF EFT SFDIFSDIFT SÊHJPOBMFT 1BMÊP TVQQM 36
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 5JNFSFMBUFE DIBOHFT JO GPTTJM DFSDPQJUIFDPJE JOOFS DSBOJPEFOUBM TUSVDUVSFT BOE DISPOPMPHJDBM TFSJBUJPO
PG 4PVUI "GSJDBO IPNJOJOCFBSJOH TJUFT
"NÊMJF #FBVEFU1 -BVSFOU #SVYFMMFT2,3,4 3PCFSUP .BDDIJBSFMMJ5,6 +FBO %VNPODFM1,7 +PIO 'SBODJT ăBDLFSBZ8 'SJLLJF %F
#FFS 9 +PTÊ #SBHB1,10
-BCPSBUPJSF E"OUISPQPMPHJF .PMÊDVMBJSF FU *NBHFSJF EF 4ZOUIÍTF 6.3 $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 5PVMPVTF 'SBODF p 53"$&4 6.3 $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 5PVMPVTF 'SBODF p ("&4 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE 4PVUI "GSJDB p */3"1 'SBODF p 6.3 $/34 .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF 1BSJT 'SBODF p %ÊQBSUFNFOU (ÊPTDJFODFT
6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 1PJUJFST 'SBODF p *OTUJUVU EF 3FDIFSDIF FO *OGPSNBUJRVF EF 5PVMPVTF 6.3 $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF
5PVMPVTF 'SBODF p &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE 4PVUI "GSJDB p 4PVUI "GSJDBO /VDMFBS
&OFSHZ $PSQPSBUJPO p %JUTPOH /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ 4PVUI "GSJDB
1IZMPHFOFUJD BOE FWPMVUJPOBSZ SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT PG TPVUIFSO "GSJDBO GPTTJM IPNJOJO BTTFNCMBHFT BSF MJNJUFE CZ EJċDVMUJFT SFMBUFE UP
EJSFDU BQQMJDBUJPO PG DISPOPNFUSJD NFUIPET CFDBVTF PG UIF OBUVSF JUTFMG PG UIF LBSTU EFQPTJUT BOE PG UIFJS DPNQMFY TUSBUJHSBQIZ <>
"T ZFU CJPTUSBUJHSBQIJD DPNQBSJTPOT BOE JOUFSTJUFT DPSSFMBUJPOT BSF BNPOH UIF NPTU SFMJBCMF NFUIPET GPS UFNQPSBM TFSJBUJPO PG UIF
QBMFPDBWFT < > (JWFO UIF SFMBUJWF IJHI EFOTJUZ PG UIFJS SFNBJOT PDDVSSJOH JO FBTUFSO BOE TPVUIFSO "GSJDBO TJUFT UIFJS MBSHF HFP
HSBQIJD EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE DPNNPO TUSBUJHSBQIJDBM BTTPDJBUJPO XJUI IPNJOJO SFNBJOT DFSDPQJUIFDPJET BSF BNPOH UIF CFTU DBOEJEBUFT
JO UIF TFBSDI GPS UFNQPSBM CJPNBSLFST TVJUBCMF GPS EBUJOH 4PVUI "GSJDBO QBMFPOUPMPHJDBM TJUFT <> *O UIJT QFSTQFDUJWF SFđOFNFOU
JO UIF DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG UIFJS UJNFSFMBUFE FWPMVUJPOBSZ DIBOHFT BOE NPSQIPTUSVDUVSBM WBSJBUJPO QBUUFSOT JT OFDFTTBSZ 8F JOWFT
UJHBUFE UIF DSBOJPEFOUBM SFNBJOT /
GSPN UFO GPTTJM QBQJPOJO BOE DPMPCJOF UBYB TFMFDUFE GSPN EJĈFSFOU TUSBUJHSBQIJD VOJUT BU
4UFSLGPOUFJO 4XBSULSBOT ,SPNESBBJ BOE .BLBQBOTHBU BOE BMTP DPOTJEFSFE GPS DPNQBSJTPO B SFQSFTFOUBUJWF TBNQMF PG TFWFO FY
UBOU TQFDJFT ăF GPTTJM SFNBJOT XFSF EFUBJMFE CZ 9SBZ NJDSP$5 BU B TQBUJBM SFTPMVUJPO SBOHJOH GSPN UP N BU UIF 4PVUI
"GSJDBO /VDMFBS &OFSHZ $PSQPSBUJPO /FDTB
BOE UIF &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUT +PIBOOFTCVSH
%FQFOEJOH PO UIF QSFTFSWBUJPO RVBMJUZ BOE EFHSFF PG DPNQMFUFOFTT PG FBDI TQFDJNFO XF EFUBJMFE GPS UIFJS TVCUMF NPSQIPMPHZ GPVS
JOOFS DSBOJPEFOUBM TUSVDUVSFT DPOTJEFSFE BT SBUIFS FĈFDUJWF JO EJTDSJNJOBUJOH BNPOH FYUBOU IPNJOJE BOE GPTTJM IPNJOJO UBYB CVU
UIBU IBWF OPU CFFO FYUFOTJWFMZ SFQPSUFE GPS UIFJS WBSJBUJPO QBUUFSOT JO PUIFS QSJNBUF DMBEFT BOE NPTUMZ IBWF OPU CFFO UBLFO TJ
NVMUBOFPVTMZ JOUP BDDPVOU JO B DPNQBSBUJWF QFSTQFDUJWF .PSF TQFDJđDBMMZ XF BTTFTTFE UPPUI FOEPTUSVDUVSBM PSHBOJ[BUJPO BOE UIF
NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF CPOZ MBCZSJOUI UIF JOOFS GBDJBM TLFMFUPO BOE PG UIF FOEPDSBOJVN 'PMMPXJOH % WJSUVBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPO UIF HF
PNFUSZ NPSQIPMPHZ BOE EJNFOTJPOT PG UIFTF TUSVDUVSFT IBWF CFFO DPNQBSBUJWFMZ BTTFTTFE PO UIF GPTTJM BOE NPEFSO TQFDJNFOT CZ
MJOFBS TVSGBDJD BOE WPMVNFUSJD WBSJBCMFT BT XFMM BT CZ HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT NFUIPET TFNJMBOENBSLT BOE EFGPSNBUJPOCBTFE
NPEFMT
$VSSFOUMZ BWBJMBCMF SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU UIF NPSQIPMPHJFT PG UIF FOBNFMEFOUJOF KVODUJPO BOE PG UIF TFNJDJSDVMBS DBOBM BSF
QBSUJDVMBSMZ FċDJFOU JO EJTDSJNJOBUJOH BU TQFDJđD MFWFM BNPOH UIF DFSDPQJUIFDPJE UBYB DPOTJEFSFE JO UIJT TUVEZ UIVT BMMPXJOH GPS
TPNF UBYPOPNJD BOE QIZMPHFOFUJD SFđOFNFOU FH JO UIF DBTF PG UIF MBSHF QBQJPOJO UBYB %JOPQJUIFDVT JOHFOT BOE (PSHPQJUIFDVT
NBKPS
*O BEEJUJPO UIFZ SFWFBM UIBU UIF JOWFTUJHBUFE TUSVDUVSFT BSF UJNFTFOTJUJWF BOE TIPX FWPMVUJPOBSZ DIBOHFT JO GPTTJM UBYB #Z
VTJOH EJĈFSFOU TUBUFT PG UIFTF JOEJDBUPST BT DISPOPMPHJDBM NBSLFST XF UIVT QSFMJNJOBSZ SFWJTFE UIF TFRVFODFT PG UIF DJUFE 4PVUI
"GSJDBO TJUFT TIPXJOH UIBU XJUI UIF POMZ FYDFQUJPO PG ,SPNESBBJ " PVS UFNQPSBM BUUSJCVUJPOT BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI UIF CJP[POFT
QSPQPTFE CZ )FBUPO <>
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 4 1PU[F $ 4UFJOJOHFS BOE # ;JQGFME GPS BDDFTT UP GPTTJM NBUFSJBM + $VJTJO GPS DPNQBSBUJWF NBUFSJBM ( $MÊ
NFOU BOE . (BSDJB4BO[ GPS BDRVJTJUJPOT BU UIF ./)/ - #BN BOE + )PĈNBO BU /FDTB BOE 5 +BTIBTIWJMJ BOE , $BSMTPO BU
UIF 6OJW PG UIF 8JUT & %FMTPO BOE / +BCMPOTLJ GPS TDJFOUJđD DPMMBCPSBUJPO % (JOJCSJFSF BOE $ ;BOPMMJ GPS DPOUSJCVUJPO UP EBUB
QSPDFTTJOH UIF /BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI 'PVOEBUJPO /3'
BOE UIF %FQU PG 4DJFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ %45
PG 4PVUI "GSJDB 3FTFBSDI
TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF $FOUFS PG 3FTFBSDI BOE )JHIFS &EVDBUJPO 13&4
PG 5PVMPVTF UIF .JEJ1ZSÊOÊFT 3FHJPO UIF 'SFODI .JOJTUSZ
PG 'PSFJHO "ĈBJST
3FGFSFODFT<> )FSSJFT "*3 $VSOPF % "EBNT +8 " NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ TFSJBUJPO PG FBSMZ )PNP BOE 1BSBOUISPQVT CFBSJOH QBMFPDBWFT JO
4PVUIFSO "GSJDB õVBU *OU <> %FMTPO & $FSDPQJUIFDJE CJPDISPOPMPHZ PG UIF "GSJDBO 1MJP1MFJTUPDFOF $PSSFMBUJPO BNPOH FBTUFSO
BOE TPVUIFSO IPNJOJECFBSJOH MPDBMJUJFT $PVS 'PSTDI *OTU 4FODL <> %FMTPO & $ISPOPMPHZ PG 4PVUI "GSJDBO BVTUSBMPQJUIT TJUF
VOJUT *O (SJOF ' &E
&WPMVUJPOBSZ )JTUPSZ PG UIF u3PCVTUu "VTUSBMPQJUIFDJOFT "MEJOF /FX :PSL QQ <> +BCMPOTLJ /( 'SPTU 4 $FSDPQJUIFDPJEFB *O 8FEFSMJO - 4BOEFST 8+ &ET
$FOP[PJD .BNNBMT PG "GSJDB 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB 1SFTT -POEPO QQ <> )FBUPO
+- 5BYPOPNZ PG UIF 4UFSLGPOUFJO 'PTTJM $FSDPQJUIFDPJEBF UIF 1BQJPOJOJ PG .FNCFST BOE (BVUFOH 4PVUI "GSJDB
1I % %JTTFSUBUJPO
*OEJBOB 6OJWFSTJUZ
37
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S 4QJOPQFMWJD BMJHONFOU "O FWPMVUJPOBSZ QFSTQFDUJWF
&MMB #FFO1,2 .BSLVT #BTUJS3 "MPO #BSBTI4
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OBUPNZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 4BDLMFS 'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF 5FM "WJW 6OJWFSTJUZ 5FM "WJW *TSBFM p 1IZTJDBM
ăFSBQZ %FQBSUNFOU 0OP "DBEFNJD $PMMFHF ,JSZBU 0OP *TSBFM p 1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ (SPVQ .VTFP /BDJPOBM EF $JFODJBT
/BUVSBMFT $4*$ .BESJE 4QBJO p 'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF JO UIF (BMJMFF #BS *MBO 6OJWFSTJUZ ;FGBU *TSBFM
ăF UFSN TQJOPQFMWJD BMJHONFOU SFGFST UP UIF DPNQMJDBUFE SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIF NPSQIPMPHZ BOE PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF QFMWJT
UP UIBU PG UIF WFSUFCSBM TQJOF BOE UIF DFOUFS PG HSBWJUZ .PTU SFTFBSDIFST SFGFS UP UIF TBHJUUBM QMBOF WBSJBCMFT BOHMFT BOE SFMBUJWF
EJTUBODFT
XIFO UIFZ EFTDSJCF TQJOPQFMWJD BMJHONFOU CVU JU IBT UP CF OPUJDFE UIBU B DMPTF SFMBUJPOTIJQ FYJTUT JO UIF DPSPOBM BOE IPS
J[POUBM QMBOFT BT XFMM ăF NBKPS WBSJBCMFT UIBU EFTDSJCF UIF TQJOPQFMWJD BMJHONFOU JO UIF TBHJUUBM QMBOF JODMVEF BOUFSJPSQPTUFSJPS
QFMWJD UJMU TBDSBM TMPQF QFMWJD JODJEFODF MVNCBS MPSEPTJT UIPSBDJD LZQIPTJT $ QMVNC MJOF BOE UIF MJOF PG HSBWJUZ *O B IFBMUIZ
BEVMU IVNBO TVCKFDU UIF BCPWF WBSJBCMFT XPSL JO DPODFSU XJUI FBDI PUIFS UP BMJHO UIF TFHNFOUT BU B QPTJUJPO UIBU XJMM FOBCMF IFBMUIZ
VQSJHIU QPTUVSF 'PS FYBNQMF MPX QFMWJD JODJEFODF XPVME CF BDDPNQBOJFE CZ MPX EFDSFBTFE
MVNCBS MPSEPTJT BOE BOUFSJPS QP
TJUJPO PG UIF MJOF PG HSBWJUZ %FWFMPQNFOUBMMZ UIFTF WBSJBCMFT DP EFWFMPQ XJUI FBDI PUIFS VOUJM SFBDIJOH BO BEVMU DPOđHVSBUJPO
CZ UIF UIJSE EFDBEF *NCBMBODF PG UIF BCPWF WBSJBCMFT IBT CFFO TIPXO UP CF DPSSFMBUFE XJUI TQJOBM QBUIPMPHZ TVDI BT TQPOEZMPMJT
UIFTJT ĔBU CBDL TZOESPNF BOE TDPMJPTJT $PSSFDUJWF TVSHFSZ IBT UP UBLF JOUP BDDPVOU UIF JOUFSSFMBUJPOTIJQ PG UIFTF TUSVDUVSFT BOE
QPUFOUJBM QBUIPMPHJDBM TVCTFRVFODFT PG JNQSPQFS CBMBODF %VSJOH IVNBO FWPMVUJPO UIF TQJOBM DVSWBUVSF BT XFMM BT QFMWJD BOE TBDSBM
PSJFOUBUJPO IBWF DIBOHFE ESBNBUJDBMMZ GSPN B WFSZ TNBMM QFMWJD JODJEFODF BOE TQJOBM DVSWBUVSFT JO OPO IVNBO IPNJOPJET UP MBSHF
DVSWBUVSFT JO NPEFSO IVNBOT ăJT DIBOHF XBT BDDPNQBOJFE CZ B ESBNBUJD TIJĕ PG UIF MJOF PG HSBWJUZ BOE $ QMVNC MJOF *O UIJT
XPSL XF XJMM EFTDSJCF UIF TQJOPQFMWJD BEKVTUNFOUT UP VQSJHIU QPTUVSF BOE CJQFEBMJUZ PG GPVS NBKPS IPNJOJO HSPVQT "VTUSBMPQ
JUIFDJOFT ) FSFDUVT /FBOEFSUBMT BOE ) TBQJFOT 8F IBWF VTFE B GFX EJĈFSFOU NFUIPET UP DBMDVMBUF TBDSBM PSJFOUBUJPO <> MVNCBS
MPSEPTJT <> UIPSBDJD LZQIPTJT <> BOE DFSWJDBM MPSEPTJT <> PG FYUJODU IPNJOJO TQFDJNFOT 8F BQQMJFE UIFTF NFUIPET UP FBDI PG UIF
GPMMPXJOH IPNJOJO TQFDJNFOT 4UT BT B SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDJOFT ,/.85 BT B SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG ) FSFDUVT
,FCBSB BT B SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG /FBOEFSUBMT BOE 4LIVM BT B SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG FBSMZ ) TBQJFOT "T B SFGFSFODF QPQVMBUJPO XF BMTP
NFBTVSFE TQJOBM DVSWBUVSFT PG NPEFSO IVNBOT PO MBUFSBM TQJOBM SBEJPHSBQIT JO B TUBOEJOH VQSJHIU QPTJUJPO 0VS SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF
TPNF EJĈFSFODFT JO TQJOPQFMWJD BMJHONFOU CFUXFFO UIFTF GPVS HSPVQT 'PS FYBNQMF 4UT TIPXT TBDSBM PSJFOUBUJPO BOE MVNCBS
MPSEPTJT UIBU BSF XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT BMUIPVHI TMJHIUMZ CFMPX JUT NFBO BOE BU UIF TBNF UJNF UIF DFSWJDBM MPSEPTJT PG
UIJT TQFDJNFO JT NVDI TNBMMFS UIBO UIF BWFSBHF NPEFSO IVNBO ,/.85 ) FSFDUVT
TIPXT TBDSBM PSJFOUBUJPO MVNCBS
MPSEPTJT BOE DFSWJDBM MPSEPTJT UIBU BSF XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT BMUIPVHI CFMPX JUT NFBO ,FCBSB /FBOEFSUBM
PO UIF
PUIFS IBOE TIPXT WFSZ TNBMM MVNCBS MPSEPTJT BOE TBDSBM PSJFOUBUJPO WFSUJDBM TBDSVN
XJUI UIPSBDJD LZQIPTJT BOE DFSWJDBM MPSEPTJT
UIBU BSF XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT BMUIPVHI TMJHIUMZ CFMPX JUT NFBO 4LIVM TIPXT IJHI TBDSBM PSJFOUBUJPO IPSJ[POUBM
TBDSVN
BOE IJHI MVNCBS MPSEPTJT XIJDI BSF BCPWF UIF NFBO GPS NPEFSO IVNBOT CVU XJUIJO UIF SBOHF ăFTF SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU
FBDI IPNJOJO HSPVQ IBE ATPMWFE UIF SFRVJSFNFOUT PG FSFDU QPTUVSF JO B EJĈFSFOU NBOOFS JNQMZJOH UIBU UIF NFDIBOJTNT JOWPMWFE
JO TIBQJOH UIF WFSUFCSBM DVSWBUVSFT PG IPNJOJOT NJHIU JODMVEF OPU POMZ FSFDU QPTUVSF BOE CJQFEBMJUZ CVU QPTTJCMZ PUIFS GBDUPST TVDI
BT FODFQIBMJTBUJPO NBTUJDBUJPO BQQBSBUVT UIPSBY BOE QFMWJD TJ[F BOE TIBQF
3FGFSFODFT<> 1FMFH 4 %BS ( 4UFJOCFSH / 1FMFE / )FSTILPWJU[ * .BTIBSBXJ : 0SJFOUBUJPO PG UIF IVNBO TBDSVN BOUISPQPMPHJDBM
QFSTQFDUJWFT BOE NFUIPEPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDIFT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM m EPJBKQB <> #FFO & (ÓNF[0MJWFODJB " ,SBNFS 1"
-VNCBS MPSEPTJT JO FYUJODU IPNJOJOT *NQMJDBUJPOT PG UIF QFMWJD JODJEFODF "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM EPJ BKQB <> #FFO &
(PNF[0MJWFODJB " ,SBNFS 1" -VNCBS MPSEPTJT PG FYUJODU IPNJOJOT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM m <> (PI 4 1SJDF 3* -FFENBO 1+ 4JOHFS
,1 ăF SFMBUJWF JOĔVFODF PG WFSUFCSBM CPEZ BOE JOUFSWFSUFCSBM EJTL TIBQF PO UIPSBDJD LZQIPTJT $MJOJDBM #JPNFDIBOJDT m <> #FFO &
4IFđ 4 3BWJW ;JMLB - 4PVEBDL . "DDFQUFE
3FMBUJPO CFUXFFO GPSBNFO NBHOVN PSJFOUBUJPO BOE UIF DFSWJDBM MPSEPTJT
38
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S &OHSBWFE IVNBO CPOF GSPN UIF .BHEBMFOJBO TJUF PG (PVHIT $BWF 4PNFSTFU 6,
4JMWJB . #FMMP1 3PTBMJOE 8BMMEVDL1
ăF /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN %FQU &BSUI 4DJFODFT -POEPO 6,
ăF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE GPS UIF .BHEBMFOJBO ZFBS #1
SFWFBMT UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG SJDI EFDPSBUJWF GPSNT XJUI NBOZ
QPSUBCMF PCKFDUT FOHSBWFE XJUI BOJNBM SFQSFTFOUBUJPO PS OPUDIFT ăF EFDPSBUJPO PG IVNBO CPOFT JT HFOFSBMMZ SBSF JO UIF BS
DIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE QBSUJDVMBSMZ UISPVHIPVU &VSPQFBO QSFIJTUPSZ ăF .BHEBMFOJBO TJUF PG (PVHIT $BWF 4PNFSTFU 6,
JT B MBSHF
TIPXDBWF PO UIF TPVUIFSO TJEF PG $IFEEBS (PSHF 4FWFSBM BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FYDBWBUJPOT CFUXFFO UP IBWF VODPWFSFE FY
DFQUJPOBM SJDI EFQPTJUT XJUI OPUBCMF đOET XIJDI JODMVEF B ACÄUPO QFSDÊ NBEF GSPN B SFJOEFFS BOUMFS B CFWFMCBTFE SPE PG NBNNPUI
JWPSZ BNCFS QFCCMFT NJOVUF GSBHNFOUT PG JWPSZ XJUI HSPVQT PG JODJTJPOT JOUFSQSFUFE BT AUBMMJFT PS DBMDVMBUPST
B EFOTF DMVTUFS PG
SFđUUJOH ĔJOU EFCJUBHF BOE CVUDIFSFE CPOFT "OBMZTJT PG UIF IVNBO SFNBJOT IBT QSPWJEFE JODPOUSPWFSUJCMF FWJEFODF GPS OVUSJUJPOBM
DBOOJCBMJTN BOE UIF NPEJđDBUJPO PG IVNBO TLVMMT UP QSPEVDF TLVMMDVQT *O UIJT QBQFS XF EFTDSJCF B TFU PG VOVTVBM [JH[BHJOH
JODJTJPOT PCTFSWFE PO UIF MBUFSBM TJEF PG UIF EJBQIZTJT PG B IVNBO SJHIU SBEJVT ăFTF XFSF QSFWJPVTMZ BUUSJCVUFE UP UIF đMMFUJOH PG
NVTDMF BMPOH UIF TIBĕ IPXFWFS UIFZ BSF MPDBUFE PO BO BSFB PG UIF CPOF XJUIPVU NVTDMF BUUBDINFOUT /FX NJDSPNPSQIPNFUSJD
BOBMZTFT PG UIF NBSLT IBWF TIFE EPVCU PO UIJT JOUFSQSFUBUJPO ăF DVUT IBWF B SFHVMBS DSPTTTFDUJPOBM QSPđMF TVHHFTUJOH UIF TBNF UPPM
FEHF XBT VTFE UP QSPEVDF UIF NBSLT ăF UPPM XBT IFME BMNPTU QFSQFOEJDVMBSMZ UP UIF CPOF TVSGBDF XIJDI JT BUZQJDBM GPS DVUNBSLT
NBEF EVSJOH đMMFUJOH .PSFPWFS UIF BOHMF PG JODMJOBUJPO PG UIF UPPM TXJUDIFT GSPN BCPVU UP TVHHFTUJOH UIF NPEJđDBUJPO
XBT OPU DSFBUFE CZ B DPOUJOVPVT TBXJOH BDUJPO $PNQBSJTPO XJUI đMMFUJOH NBSLT PO IVNBO BOE BOJNBM CPOFT GSPN UIF TBNF TJUF
IBT GVSUIFS EFNPOTUSBUFE DMFBS EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO đMMFUJOH NBSLT BOE UIF NPEJđDBUJPO PCTFSWFE PO UIF IVNBO SBEJVT 8F TVHHFTU
UIBU UIFTF NPEJđDBUJPOT BSF MJLFMZ UP CF UIF SFTVMU PG FOHSBWJOH B SBSF FYBNQMF GSPN B QSFIJTUPSJD DPOUFYU
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL $ISJT 4USJOHFS BOE 3PCFSU ,SVT[ZOTLJ GPS TIBSJOH UIFJS LOPXMFEHF BOE FYQFSJFODF PG
UIF (PVHIT $BWF DPMMFDUJPO ăF SFTFBSDI XPSL JT QBSU PG UIF A)VNBO #FIBWJPVS JO % 1SPKFDU GVOEFE CZ UIF $BMMFWB 'PVOEBUJPO
BOE UIF $VUNBSL NJDSPNPSQIPNFUSJDT BOE DPSQTF EFDBZ 1SPKFDU GVOEFE CZ UIF -FWFSIVMNF 5SVTU
3FGFSFODFT<> #BIO 1 ăF $BNCSJEHF *MMVTUSBUFE )JTUPSZ PG 1SFIJTUPSJD "SU $BNCSJEHF 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT $BNCSJEHF <> .BSTIBDL " /PUBUJPO EBOT MFT HSBWVSFT EV QBMÊPMJUIJRVF TVQÊSJFVS OPVWFMMFT NÊUIPEFT EBOBMZTF %FMNBT #PSEFBVY <> #FMMP 4. 1BSđUU 4" 4USJOHFS $# &BSMJFTU EJSFDUMZEBUFE IVNBO TLVMMDVQT 1-P4 0/& EPJKPVSOBMQPOF <> "OESFXT 1 'FSOÃOEF[+BMWP : $BOOJCBMJTN
JO #SJUBJO #VMMFUJO PG UIF /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN PG -POEPO (FPMPHZ
TVQQMFNFOU
m
39
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă &YQMPSJOH UBVSPEPOUJTN JO /FBOEFSUBMT
4UFGBOP #FOB[[J1,2 )VZOI /HVZFO2 0UUNBS ,VMMNFS3 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO2
%FQBSUNFOU PG $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB *UBMZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS
&WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG 1BMBFPBOUISPQPMPHZ BOE .FTTFM 3FTFBSDI 4FODLFOCFSH
3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF 'SBOLGVSU BN .BJO (FSNBOZ
5BVSPEPOUJTN JT DPOTJEFSFE B EFOUBM BOPNBMZ XJUI SFMBUJWFMZ MPX JODJEFODF JO DPOUFNQPSBSZ TPDJFUJFT <> CVU JU SFQSFTFOUT B DPN
NPO USBJU GSFRVFOUMZ GPVOE JO /FBOEFSUBM UFFUI <> ăSFF IZQPUIFTFT BSF FOWJTJPOFE UP FYQMBJO UIF IJHI GSFRVFODZ JO /FBOEFSUBMT
CJPNFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF BEBQUBUJPO UP B IJHI BUUSJUJPO EJFU HFOFUJD ESJĕ FĈFDUT *O UIJT DPOUSJCVUJPO XF VTFE đOJUF FMFNFOU BOBMZ
TJT '&"
BOE BEWBODFE MPBEJOH DPODFQUT CBTFE PO NBDSPXFBS QBUUFSO JOGPSNBUJPO <> UP FWBMVBUF XIFUIFS UBVSPEPOUJTN TVQQMJFT
TPNF EFOUBM CJPNFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHFT ăF NJDSP$5 EBUB PG UIF MPXFS SJHIU đSTU NPMBS 3.1 BOE VQQFS SJHIU TFDPOE QSFNP
MBS BOE đSTU NPMBS 314 3.1 PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM TQFDJNFO -F .PVTUJFS XFSF TFHNFOUFE BOE UIF EFOUBM TVSGBDF NPEFMT XFSF
JNQPSUFE JOUP UIF 0DDMVTBM 'JOHFSQSJOU "OBMZTFS 0'"
TPĕXBSF UP EFUFDU UIF DPOUBDU BSFBT EVSJOH UIF QPXFS TUSPLF -PBET XFSF
BQQMJFE UP B đOJUF FMFNFOU NPEFM PG UIF 3.1 CBTFE PO UIF BSFBT JEFOUJđFE EVSJOH NBYJNVN JOUFSDVTQBUJPO DPOUBDU BT XFMM BT
UP CPUI UIF EJHJUBM NPEFMT PG B TIPSUFOFE BOE IZQFSUBVSPEPOUJD WFSTJPO PG -F .PVTUJFS 3.1 .PSFPWFS XF TJNVMBUFE B TDFOBSJP
XIFSF BO PCKFDU JT IFME CFUXFFO UFFUI BOE QVMMFE JO EJĈFSFOU EJSFDUJPOT UP JOWFTUJHBUF XIFUIFS UBVSPEPOUJTN NJHIU CF VTFGVM GPS
QBSBNBTUJDBUPSZ BDUJWJUJFT 0VS SFTVMUT EP OPU TIPX BOZ NFBOJOHGVM EJĈFSFODF BNPOH BMM UIF TJNVMBUJPOT JODMVEJOH UIPTF XJUI UIF
QVMQ DIBNCFS đMMFE XJUI EFOUJOF
JO EJTQMBDFNFOU TUSFTT EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE CFOEJOH SFTJTUBODF QPJOUJOH PVU UIBU UBVSPEPOUJTN EPFT
OPU JNQSPWF UIF GVODUJPOBM CJPNFDIBOJDT PG UIF UPPUI 4JNJMBSMZ UBVSPEPOUJTN EPFT OPU TFFN UP GBWPS QVMMJOH QBSBNBTUJDBUPSZ
BDUJWJUJFT BT BMM TJNVMBUJPOT TIPX UIF TBNF QBUUFSOT BOE BMNPTU UIF TBNF NBHOJUVEF PG NBYJNVN QSJODJQBM TUSFTTFT ăFSFGPSF UBV
SPEPOUJTN TIPVME CF DPOTJEFSFE FJUIFS BT BO BEBQUBUJPO UP B IJHI BUUSJUJPO EJFU PS NPTU MJLFMZ JU JT UIF SFTVMU PG HFOFUJD ESJĕ FĈFDUT
'JOBMMZ PVS SFTVMUT IBWF JNQPSUBOU JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS NPEFSO EFOUJTUSZ JO FOEPEPOUJD USFBUNFOUT BT XF IBWF PCTFSWFE UIBU đMMJOH UIF
QVMQ DIBNCFS XJUI EFOUJOFMJLF NBUFSJBM JODSFBTFT UPPUI TUJĈOFTT BOE VMUJNBUFMZ UFOTJMF TUSFTTFT JO UIF DSPXO UIVT GBWPSJOH UPPUI
GBJMVSF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM UP UIF .VTFVN GÛS 7PS VOE 'SÛIHFTDIJDIUF JO #FSMJO BOE QBSUJDVMBS UP "MNVU )PĈNBOO UP
QSPWJEF BDDFTT UP UIF PSJHJOBM TQFDJNFO BOE UP BMMPX UIF BDRVJTJUJPO PG $5 EBUB PG -F .PVTUJFS TLVMM GSBHNFOUT BOE NBOEJCMF
ăF EBUB BSF TUPSFE JO UIF EJHJUBM EBUBCBTF PG UIF .BY1MBODL *OTJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ JO -FJQ[JH
3FGFSFODFT<> .BOKVOBUIB #4 ,PWWVSV 4, 5BVSPEPOUJTN m" 3FWJFX PO JUT FUJPMPHZ QSFWBMFODF BOE DMJOJDBM DPOTJEFSBUJPOT + $MJO &YQ
%FOU <> ,VQD[JL , )VCMJO ++ .BOEJCVMBS NPMBS SPPU NPSQIPMPHZ JO /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF BOE SFDFOU )PNP TBQJFOT +
)VN &WPM <> #FOB[[J 4 ,VMMNFS 0 (SPTTF * 8FCFS ( 6TJOH PDDMVTBM XFBS JOGPSNBUJPO BOE đOJUF FMFNFOU BOBMZTJT UP
JOWFTUJHBUF TUSFTT EJTUSJCVUJPOT JO IVNBO NPMBST + "OBU 40
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 5PPUI DVTQ TIBSQOFTT BT B EJFUBSZ DPSSFMBUF JO HSFBU BQFT
.JDIBFM #FSUIBVNF1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG )VMM
.BNNBMJBO NPMBST IBWF VOEFSHPOF IFBWZ TDSVUJOZ UP EFUFSNJOF DPSSFMBUFT CFUXFFO NPSQIPMPHZ BOE EJFU )FSF UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ
CFUXFFO POF BTQFDU PG PDDMVTBM NPSQIPMPHZ UPPUI DVTQ SBEJVT PG DVSWBUVSF 3P$
BOE UXP CSPBE EJFUBSZ DBUFHPSJFT GPMJWPSZ BOE
GSVHJWPSZ JT BOBMZ[FE JO BQFT #BTFE PO QSFWJPVT EFOUBM UPQPHSBQIZ TUVEJFT * IZQPUIFTJ[F UIBU UIFSF JT B SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UPPUI
DVTQ 3P$ BOE EJFU BOE UIBU GPMJWPSFT IBWF TIBSQFS UFFUI UIBO GSVHJWPSFT (JWFO BO BMMPNFUSJD SFMBUJPOTIJQ UIBU FYJTUT CFUXFFO CMBEF
3P$ BOE CPEZ TJ[F <> UIF QPTTJCMF DPSSFMBUJPO CFUXFFO UPPUI DVTQ 3P$ BOE UPPUI DVTQ TJ[F JT BMTP JOWFTUJHBUFE &JHIU NFBTVSFT
PG UPPUI DVTQ 3P$ UXP 3P$T QFS DVTQ
XFSF UBLFO GSPN VQQFS .2 T GSPN GPVS TQFDJFT BOE TVCTQFDJFT PG GSVHJWPSPVT BQFT 1POHP
QZHNBFVT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT USPHMPEZUFT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT TDIXFJOGVSUIJJ BOE (PSJMMB HPSJMMB HPSJMMB
BOE UXP TVCTQFDJFT PG GPMJWPSPVT
BQFT (PSJMMB CFSJOHFJ CFSJOHFJ BOE (PSJMMB CFSJOHFJ HSBVFSJ
1IZMPHFOFUJDBMMZ DPSSFDUFE "/07"T XFSF SVO PO UIF GVMM EBUBTFU BOE
TFWFSBM TVCTFUT PG UIF GVMM EBUBTFU JF KVTU CVDDPMJOHVBM 3P$T KVTU NFTJPEJTUBM 3P$T BOE KVTU CVDDPMJOHVBM 3P$T PG UIF QBSBDPOF
BOE NFUBDPOF
BT NFTJPEJTUBM 3P$T IBWF CFFO JHOPSFE JO QSFWJPVT TUVEJFT <> UP EFUFSNJOF JG UPPUI DVTQ 3P$ XBT DPSSFMBUFE UP
EJFU 3FTVMUT SFWFBMFE UIBU XIFO CVDDPMJOHVBM 3P$T BSF UBLFO JOUP BDDPVOU UPPUI DVTQ 3P$T DBO TVDDFTTGVMMZ EJĈFSFOUJBUF GPMJWPSFT
GSPN GSVHJWPSFT )PXFWFS XIFO KVTU NFTJPEJTUBM 3P$T XFSF DPOTJEFSFE UPPUI DVTQ 3P$T DPVME OPU EJĈFSFOUJBUF GPMJWPSFT GSPN
GSVHJWPSFT 1$"T SFWFBMFE UIBU GPMJWPSFT DPOTJTUFOUMZ IBE EVMMFS UFFUI UIBO GSVHJWPSFT *O BEEJUJPO B XFBL TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU
QPTJUJWF DPSSFMBUJPO FYJTUT CFUXFFO UPPUI DVTQ TJ[F BOE UPPUI DVTQ 3P$ * IZQPUIFTJ[F EJĈFSFODFT JO UPPUI DVTQ 3P$ BSF DPSSFMBUFE
XJUI XFBS SBUFT XIFSF QFS WFSUJDBM VOJU PG XFBS EVMMFS DVTQT XJMM IBWF B MPOHFS MFOHUI PG FYQPTFE FOBNFM SJEHF UIBO TIBSQFS DVTQT
.PSF EBUB OFFE UP CF HBUIFSFE UP EFUFSNJOF JG UIF DPSSFMBUJPO CFUXFFO UPPUI DVTQ 3P$ BOE UPPUI DVTQ TJ[F IPMET USVF XIFO TNBMM
QSJNBUFT BSF DPOTJEFSFE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * UIBOL NZ 1I% BEWJTPS *BO (SPTTF BOE DPNNJUUFF NFNCFST &MJ[BCFUI %VNPOU -BVSJF (PEGSFZBOE 'SBOL
4VQ GPS QVTIJOH NF UP UBLF PO UIJT QSPKFDU BOE GPS DPNNFOUT PO UIF BSUJDMF * BN HSBUFGVM UP 1FUFS 6OHBS GPS BMMPXJOH IJN UP TDBO
UPPUI NPMET IPVTFE JO UIF 1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ -BCPSBUPSZ BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SLBOTBT XJUI UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SLBOTBTT MBTFS TDBO
OFS UP HBUIFS UIF EBUB 4BSBI -JWFOHPPE GPS IFMQJOH UIF BVUIPS QMBO IJT USJQ UP UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SLBOTBT UIF 4NJUITPOJBO 3PZBM
.VTFVN GPS $FOUSBM "GSJDB "NFSJDBO .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ $MFWFMBOE .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ BOE 4UBUF .VTFVN
PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE 1BMFPBOBUPNZ JO .VOJDI GPS BMMPXJOH UIF BVUIPS UP TDBO UIF NPMET PG BQF UFFUI UBLFO GSPN UIFJS NVTFVN
TQFDJNFOT * UIBOL "OESFX 4NJUI GPS IJT IFMQ JO 3 BOE JO SVOOJOH UIF QIZMPHFOFUJDBMMZ DPSSFDUFE BOBMZTFT 'JOBMMZ * UIBOL UXP
BOPOZNPVT SFWJFXFST UIF "TTPDJBUF &EJUPS BOE UIF &EJUPS GPS UIFJS VTFGVM DPNNFOUT BOE IFMQ JO FEJUJOH UIJT BSUJDMF
3FGFSFODFT<> 1PQPXJDT 5& 'PSUFMJVT . 0O UIF DVUUJOH FEHF UPPUI CMBEF TIBSQOFTT JO IFSCJWPSPVT BOE GBVOJWPSPVT NBNNBMT "OO ;PPM
'FOOJDJ m <> &WBOT "3 )VOUFS + 'PSUFMJVT . 4BOTPO (% ăF TDBMJOH PG UPPUI TIBSQOFTT JO NBNNBMT "OOBMFT ;PPMPHJDJ 'FOOJDJ m <> :BNBTIJUB / 'VODUJPOBM EFOUBM DPSSFMBUFT PG GPPE QSPQFSUJFT JO đWF .BMBHBTZ MFNVS TQFDJFT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM m
41
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 7BSJBUJPO JO UIF TIBQF PG UIF CJSUI DBOBM JO NPEFSO IVNBOT JT TJHOJđDBOU BOE HFPHSBQIJDBMMZ TUSVDUVSFE
-JB #FUUJ1
%FQBSUNFOU PG -JGF 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3PFIBNQUPO
ăF IVNBO QFMWJT TIPXT TVCTUBOUJBM NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFODFT JO SFTQFDU UP PUIFS BQFTEJĈFSFODFT XIJDI IBWF CFFO FYQMBJOFE BT
BEBQUBUJPOT UP CJQFEBM XBMLJOH BOE SVOOJOH DPNCJOFE XJUI UIF SFRVJSFNFOUT PG B MBSHF CJSUI DBOBM UP BMMPX UIF QBTTBHF PG BO FY
DFQUJPOBMMZ FODFQIBMJTFE OFPOBUF "MUIPVHI NBOZ PG UIFTF NPSQIPMPHJDBM QFDVMJBSJUJFT BQQFBS UP DIBSBDUFSJTF BMM CJQFEBM IPNJOJOT
BU MFBTU GSPN UIF FBSMZ BVTUSBMPQJUIFDJOF TQFDJFT QSFDJTFMZ XIFO PCTUFUSJDBM DPOTUSBJOUT TUBSUFE UP QMBZ B SPMF BOE XIBU UIFJS FĈFDUT
NJHIU IBWF CFFO JT TVCKFDU UP EFCBUF *O BEESFTTJOH UIFTF RVFTUJPOT UIF TIBQF PG UIF CJSUI DBOBM JT VTVBMMZ DPNQBSFE BDSPTT IPNJOJO
TQFDJFT VTJOH POF PS NPSF IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT UP SFQSFTFOU PVS TQFDJFT UZQJDBM TIBQF " LFZ BTQFDU UIBU TIPVME JOGPSN UIFTF BOBM
ZTFT IPXFWFS JT UIF FYUFOU BOE QBUUFSO PG WBSJBUJPO XJUIJO PVS TQFDJFT *O UIJT TUVEZ * DPMMFDUFE TJY DBOBM NFBTVSFNFOUT GSPN GFNBMFT GSPN HMPCBMMZEJTUSJCVUFE IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT ăF BOBMZTFT TIPXFE B NBSLFE HFPHSBQIJD TUSVDUVSF JO UIF WBSJBUJPO PG
UIF DBOBM XIFSFCZ TVC4BIBSBO "GSJDBO QPQVMBUJPOT BSF DPOTJTUFOUMZ DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ B EFFQFS CJSUI DBOBM JO UIF BOUFSJPSQPTUFSJPS
EJSFDUJPO UISPVHIPVU UIF UISFF QMBOFT JOMFU NJEQMBOF BOE PVUMFU
XIJMF OBUJWF "NFSJDBO QPQVMBUJPOT GBMM BU UIF PUIFS FYUSFNF PG
WBSJBUJPO XJUI B NPSF USBOTWFSTBMMZXJEF DBOBM "TJBO BOE &VSPQFBO/PSUI "GSJDBO QPQVMBUJPOT TIPX BO JOUFSNFEJBUF NPSQIPMPHZ
ăF EJĈFSFODFT BSF QBSUJDVMBSMZ PCWJPVT GPS UIF JOMFU XIJDI UFOET UP CF NPSF NBSLFEMZ PWBM JO "NFSJDBOT BOE &VSPQFBOT/PSUI
"GSJDBOT BOE GPS UIF PVUMFU XIJDI UFOET UP CF TBHJUUBMMZPWBM JO TVC4BIBSBO "GSJDBOT BOE "TJBOT XIJMF JU JT HFOFSBMMZ USBOTWFSTBMMZ
PWBM JO "NFSJDBOT BOE &VSPQFBOT/PSUI "GSJDBOT ăJT HFPHSBQIJD QBUUFSO PG EJWFSTJUZ XJUI TVC4BIBSBO "GSJDBO BOE "NFSJDBO
QPQVMBUJPOT BU UIF UXP FYUSFNFT PG WBSJBUJPO IBT MJLFMZ CFFO TIBQFE CZ UIF FYQBOTJPO PVU PG "GSJDB PG PVS TQFDJFT )PXFWFS UIF
TJNJMBSJUJFT TIPXO CZ "NFSJDBOT BOE &VSPQFBOT NJHIU BMTP CF QBSUMZ FYQMBJOFE CZ BEBQUBUJPO UP DPME DMJNBUJD DPOEJUJPOT EVSJOH
UIF DPMPOJTBUJPO PG UIF UXP DPOUJOFOUT ăF SFNBSLBCMF SBOHF PG WBSJBUJPO JO UIF TIBQF PG UIF IVNBO CJSUI DBOBM BOE JUT HFPHSBQIJD
QBUUFSO DBO CF WFSZ JOGPSNBUJWF XIFO FWBMVBUJOH EJĈFSFODFT JO DBOBM NPSQIPMPHZ JO FYUJODU IPNJOJO TQFDJFT
42
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B %BUJOH UIF .JEEMF UP UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD 5SBOTJUJPO JO UIF 4PVUI -FWBOU 8IFSF UP 'SPN )FSF
&MJTBCFUUB #PBSFUUP1 0NSZ #BS[JMBJ1
8FJ[NBOO *OTUJUVUF.BY 1MBODL $FOUFS
ăF TUBSU PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD QFSJPE JO UIF -FWBOU JT DPODFJWFE UP SFĔFDU UIF BQQFBSBODF PG "OBUPNJDBMMZ .PEFSO )VNBOT
TVCTUJUVUJOH UIF /FBOEFSUIBMT ăJT FWFOU OBNFE *OJUJBM 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD *61
JT NBSLFE CZ UIF TIJĕ JO TUPOF UPPM UFDIOPMPHJFT
TQFDJđDBMMZ UIF SFQMBDFNFOU PG UIF .PVTUFSJBO -FWBMMPJT UFDIOJRVF CZ UIF TFNJQSJTNBUJD CMBEF UFDIOPMPHZ <> ăF UJNJOH PG UIJT
DPOWFSTJPO GSPN UIF .JEEMF UP UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD XBT UIPVHIU UP PDDVS BU DB LB #1 #VU FYBNJOBUJPOT PG PME $ EBUFT BOE
OFX EBUFT GPS *61 TJUFT TVHHFTU UIF TDFOBSJP UP CF NPSF DPNQMJDBUFE ăF EBUJOH PG UIF .161 USBOTJUJPO JO UIF -FWBOU DVSSFOUMZ
SFMJFT PO UXP TJUFT GSPN UIF TPVUIFSO -FWBOU #PLFS 5BDIUJU BOE ,FCBSB $BWF
BOE UXP GSPN UIF OPSUI ,TBS "LJM BOE ¾ÉBHJ[MJ
$BWF
ăF TJUFT TVHHFTUJOH EJTTJNJMBS UJNJOH GPS UIF USBOTJUJPO XFSF FYDBWBUFE VTJOH EJĈFSFOU đFME NFUIPET ăFZ BSF RVJUF EJĈFS
FOU SFHBSEJOH UIFJS HFPHSBQIJDBM BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYUT TUSBUJHSBQIJDBM TFRVFODF MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHF DPNQPTJUJPO BOE UIF SBOHF
BOE RVBMJUZ PG UIF $ EBUFT ăVT B TJNQMF EJSFDU DPNQBSJTPO PG UIFJS USBOTJUJPOBM SBEJPDBSCPO BHFT JT GBJSMZ EJċDVMU #PLFS 5BDIUJU
XJUI GPVS EJTUJODU BSDIBFPMPHJDBM MBZFST QSPWJEFE TP GBS đWF $ EBUFT PO DIBSDPBM NFBTVSFE XJUI EFDBZ DPVOUJOH NFUIPE <> "O
FWBMVBUJPO PG UIFTF EBUFT TIPXT UIBU POMZ POF 4.6
DPVME CF SFMJBCMF #1 ăF TJUF JT OPX CFJOH SFFYDBWBUFE
XJUI UIF NBJO QVSQPTF PG SFFYBNJOJOH UIF TUSBUJHSBQIZ BOE PCUBJOJOH BEEJUJPOBM $ EBUFT VTJOH SJHPSPVT DIFNJDBM USFBUNFOUT
BOE BOBMZUJDBM DPOEJUJPOT ăF .161 USBOTJUJPO XBT FTUJNBUFE JO UIF T UISPVHI EJSFDU EBUJOH PG TVQFSJNQPTFE UIF .JEEMF
BOE 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD MBZFST XIJDI XFSF SFDPSEFE JO B TFDUJPO JO ,FCBSB $BWF <> ăF EBUFT JOEJDBUFE UIBU UIF USBOTJUJPO PDDVSSFE
BU DB DBM #1 " SFFYDBWBUJPO PG UIF TBNF TFDUJPO GPMMPXFE CZ B UIPSPVHI QSFTDSFFOJOH PG UIF DIBSDPBM TBNQMFT GPS UIF CFTU
QSFTFSWFE NBUFSJBM SFTVMUFE JO EBUFT GSPN UIF TUSBUJHSBQIJD TFRVFODF BOE POF GSPN BO JOUSVTJWF DIBOOFM <> ăF USBOTJUJPO EBUF
XBT FTUJNBUFE UP CF CFUXFFO BOE DBM #1 ,TBS "LJM IBT B MPOH TUSBUJHSBQIJDBM TFRVFODF XJUI đWF MBZFST 99799*
DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP UIF *61 3FDFOUMZ PCUBJOFE $ EBUFT QSPQPTFE UIF USBOTJUJPO PDDVSSFE BU m LB DBM #1 <> ăF EBUFT
XFSF NBEF BMNPTU FYDMVTJWFMZ PO NPMMVTL TIFMMT ăF TIFMMT EBUFE GSPN UIF 61 QSPEVDFE WBSJBCMF EBUFT BOE NPEFMJOH TIPXFE UIBU
BCPVU PG UIFTF BSF PVUMJFST *U JT UIFSFGPSF EJċDVMU UP BDDFQU UIF QSPQPTFE UJNJOH GPS UIF USBOTJUJPO CBTFE PO UIFTF SFTVMUT /FX
$ EBUFT PO TIFMMT XFSF BMTP NBEF GPS *61 MBZFST ¾ÉBHJ[MJ $BWF )'
QSPWJEJOH UIF SBOHF PG LB DBM #1 GPS UIF USBOTJUJPO
"U UIJT TUBHF PG UIF SFTFBSDI UIF EBUF PG .JEEMF UP UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD USBOTJUJPO JO UIF -FWBOU JT EFCBUFE $ EBUFT NBEF PO
DIBSDPBM GSPN TPVUIFSO -FWBOUJOF TJUFT TVHHFTU LB DBM #1 XIFSFBT $ EBUFT PO TIFMMT GSPN OPSUIFSO -FWBOUJOF TJUFT TVHHFTU
LB DBM #1 5P PVS QFSDFQUJPO UIF UXP SBEJPDBSCPO EBUJOH QSPKFDUT PG UIF USBOTJUJPO JO ,FCBSB $BWF QSPWJEF DPOTJTUFOU SFTVMUT
CBTFE PO NJDSPBSDIBFPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG UIF DPOUFYUT BOE BSF UIFSFGPSF TIPVME CF SFHBSEFE BT UIF NPTU SFMJBCMF FTUJNBUFT
PG UIF .161 USBOTJUJPO EBUF JO UIJT SFHJPO
3FGFSFODFT<>#BS:PTFG BOE #FMGFS$PIFO " ăF -FWBOUJOF 6QQFS 1BMBMFPMJUIJD BOE &QJQBMBFPMJUIJD *O &"" (BSDFB FE
4PVUI&BTUFSO
.FEJUFSSBOFBO 1FPQMFT #FUXFFO BOE :FBST "HP 1Q 0YCPX 0YGPSE <>.BSLT " 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE 1BMFPFOWJSPONFOUT JO
UIF $FOUSBM /FHFW *TSBFM JO "SFB 5"" &E
%FQU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ4PVUIFSO .FUIPEJTU 6OJW QQ <>#BS:PTFG 0 "SOPME . .FSDJFS /
#FMGFS$PIFO " (PMECFSH 1 )PVTMFZ ) -BWJMMF ) .FJHOFO - 7PHFM + 7BOEFSNFFSTDI # ăF EBUJOH PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD MBZFST JO
,FCBSB $BWF .U $BSNFM +PVSOBM "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <>3FCPMMP / 3 8FJOFS 4 #SPDL ' .FJHOFO - (PMCFSH 1 #FMGFS$PIFO
" #BS :PTFG 0 #PBSFUUP & /FX SBEJPDBSCPO EBUJOH PG UIF USBOTJUJPO GSPN UIF .JEEMF UP UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JO ,FCBSB $BWF *TSBFM +PVSOBM
"SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <>%PVLB , #FSHNBO $ " )FEHFT 3 & . 8FTTFMJOHI ' 1 )JHIBN ' ( 5 $ISPOPMPHZ PG ,TBS
"LJM -FCBOPO
BOE *NQMJDBUJPOT GPS UIF $PMPOJ[BUJPO PG &VSPQF CZ "OBUPNJDBMMZ .PEFSO )VNBOT 1-P4 0/& 43
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S " OFX QBSUJBM QFMWJT 1FMWJT GSPN UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT TJUF "UBQVFSDB 4QBJO
"MFKBOESP #PONBUÎ-BTTP1,2 +VBO -VJT "STVBHB1,2 +PTÊ .JHVFM $BSSFUFSP3 *HOBDJP .BSUÎOF[1,4 "OB (SBDJB1,5
$FOUSP 6$.*4$*** EF &WPMVDJÓO Z $PNQPSUBNJFOUP )VNBOPT .BESJE 4QBJO p %QUP EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB 'BDVMUBE EF
$JFODJBT (FPMÓHJDBT 6OJWFSTJEBE $PNQMVUFOTF EF .BESJE 4QBJO p -BCPSBUPSJP EF &WPMVDJÓO )VNBOB %QUP EF $JFODJBT
)JTUÓSJDBT Z (FPHSBGÎB 6OJWFSTJEBE EF #VSHPT 4QBJO p m ¦SFB EF "OUSPQPMPHÎB 'ÎTJDB %QUP EF $JFODJBT EF MB 7JEB 6OJWFSTJEBE
EF "MDBMÃ 4QBJO p m ¦SFB EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB %QUP EF (FPMPHÎB (FPHSBGÎB Z .FEJP "NCJFOUF 6OJWFSTJEBE EF "MDBMÃ 4QBJO
ăF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT 4)
JT B .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF DBWF TJUF MPDBUFE JO UIF /PSUIFSO 4QBJO #VSHPT 1SPWJODF
XJUIJO UIF DVFWB
.BZPSDVFWB EFM 4JMP LBSTUJD TZTUFN JO UIF TJFSSB EF "UBQVFSDB <> ăF DBWJUZ JT QBSUJBMMZ đMMFE XJUI B IVNBOCFBSJOH DMBZ EFQPTJU
XIJDI UPUBMT NPSF UIBO SFNBJOT JODMVEJOH QFMWJD SFNBJOT
GSPN BU MFBTU JOEJWJEVBMT ăJT DPMMFDUJPO JT QSFTFOUMZ EBUFE UP B
NJOJNVN BHF FTUJNBUF PG D LB <> ăFTF IPNJOJOT IBWF CFFO DPOTJEFSFE QIZMPHFOFUJDBMMZ SFMBUFE UP /FBOEFSUBMT <> 5P EBUF
TFWFSBM TUVEJFT IBWF GPDVTFE PO UIF QFMWJD TBNQMF < > ăJT DPMMFDUJPO JT DPNQPTFE PG NPSF UIBO GSBHNFOUT NJOJNVN OVNCFS
PG FMFNFOUT NJOJNVN OVNCFS PG JOEJWJEVBMT
JODMVEJOH UIF NPTU DPNQMFUF IVNBO GPTTJM QFMWJT 4) 1FMWJT < > %F
TQJUF UIJT MBSHF TBNQMF TJ[F GSBHNFOUBSZ OBUVSF PG UIF QFMWJD SFNBJOT IBT QSFWFOUFE VT UP IBWF B GVSUIFS MPPL UP TJHOJđDBOU QPSUJPOT
PG UIF QFMWJD SJN 'PSUVOBUFMZ B OFX BTTPDJBUJPO CFUXFFO TBDSBM BOE IJQ CPOF SFNBJOT IBT BMMPXFE VT UP BEE B OFX QBSUJBM QFMWJT
1FMWJT UP UIF 4) DPMMFDUJPO 4) 1FMWJT XBT QSFWJPVTMZ JOUSPEVDFE UP FWBMVBUF UIF TBHJUUBM MVNCPQFMWJD BOBUPNZ JO B QSFWJPVT
TUVEZ <> )FSF XF QSFTFOU B EFUBJMFE TUVEZ PG 4) 1FMWJT UIBU JODMVEFT BHFBUEFBUI BOE TFY EFUFSNJOBUJPO BOE B DPNQBSBUJWF
NPSQIPNFUSJD TUVEZ ăJT OFX BTTPDJBUJPO UPHFUIFS XJUI 1FMWJT QSPWJEF VT XJUI BO FYQBOEFE WJFX PO UIF QFMWJD NPSQIPMPHZ JO
UIJT GPTTJM QPQVMBUJPO 4) 1FMWJT DPNQSJTFT B RVJUF DPNQMFUF MFĕ PT DPYBF BOE BO BMNPTU DPNQMFUF đSTU TBDSBM WFSUFCSB #PUI SFNBJOT
XFSF OPU GPVOE JO BOBUPNJDBM BSUJDVMBUJPO BOE UIFJS BTTPDJBUJPO JT CBTFE PO TBDSPJMJBD TVSGBDF NPSQIPMPHZ BOE EFWFMPQNFOUBM DPO
HSVFODZ %VF UP JUT GSBHNFOUBSZ QSFTFSWBUJPO B QBSUJBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF SJHIU TJEF PG UIJT QFMWJT IBT CFFO BUUFNQUFE CZ NFBOT PG
WJSUVBM BOUISPQPMPHZ UFDIOJRVFT CBTFE PO $5 TDBO JNBHFT 3FHBSEJOH BHFBUEFBUI 4) 1FMWJT TIPXT B GVMMZ NBUVSF NPSQIPMPHZ
UIBU QSPCBCMZ DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP B ZPVOH UP NJEEMF BEVMU JOEJWJEVBM "DDPSEJOH UP TFYMJOLFE USBJUT JO FYUBOU QPQVMBUJPOT 4) 1FMWJT
TIPXT B NPEFSO NBMFMJLF NPSQIPMPHZ ăJT JT JO BHSFFNFOU XJUI JUT PWFSBMM TJ[F BOE SPCVTUJDJUZ XJUIJO UIF 4) TBNQMF WBSJBUJPO
4) 1FMWJT BOE TIPXT B DPNNPO NPSQIPNFUSJD QBUUFSO BOE EFTQJUF TPNF NFUSJDBM EJĈFSFODFT UIFZ BSF WFSZ TJNJMBS JO TJ[F
ăFZ BMTP TIBSF B TVJUF PG NPSQIPMPHJDBM USBJUT JODMVEJOH B SPCVTU BDFUBCVMPDSJTUBM CVUUSFTT TUSPOHMZ UXJTUFE BOUFSJPS JOGFSJPS JMJBD
TQJOFT BOE B DPOTQJDVPVT TVQSBBDFUBCVMBS TVMDVT $PNQBSFE UP NPEFSO IVNBOT BOE OFBOEFSUBMT UIFZ TUBOE PVU GPS UIFJS WFSZ MBSHF
EJNFOTJPOT BOE QSPOPVODFE MBUFSBM JMJBD ĔBSJOH XIJDI SFTVMU JO SFNBSLBCMF CSPBE QFMWFT "T QSFWJPVTMZ QSPQPTFE UIJT JT DPOTJTUFOU
XJUI B WFSZ CSPBE CPEZ DZMJOEFS JO 4) JOEJWJEVBMT DPNQBSFE UP NPEFSO IVNBOT <>
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF 4QBOJTI .JOJTUFSJP EF &DPOPNÎB Z $PNQFUJUJWJEBE .*/&$0
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3:$
'JFMEXPSL BU UIF "UBQVFSDB TJUFT XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF +VOUB EF $BTUJMMB Z -FÓO BOE UIF 'VOEBDJÓO "UBQVFSDB
3FGFSFODFT<> "STVBHB +- .BSUÎOF[ * (SBDJB " $BSSFUFSP +. -PSFO[P $ (BSDÎB / 0SUFHB "* B 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT 4JFSSB EF
"UBQVFSDB 4QBJO
ăF TJUF + IVN &WPM <> "SOPME -+ %FNVSP . 1BSÊT +. "STVBHB +- "SBOCVSV " #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +.
$BSCPOFMM & -VNJOFTDFODF EBUJOH BOE QBMBFPNBHOFUJD BHF DPOTUSBJOU PO IPNJOJOT GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT "UBQVFSDB 4QBJO + IVN &WPM <> "STVBHB +- .BSUÎOF[ * (SBDJB " -PSFO[P $ C ăF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT DSBOJB 4JFSSB EF "UBQVFSDB 4QBJO
" DPNQBSBUJWF TUVEZ
+ IVN &WPM <> "STVBHB +- -PSFO[P $ $BSSFUFSP +. (SBDJB " .BSUÎOF[ * (BSDÎB / #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +. $BSCPOFMM &
" DPNQMFUF IVNBO QFMWJT GSPN UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF PG 4QBJO /BUVSF <> #PONBUÎ " (ÓNF[0MJWFODJB " "STVBHB +-
$BSSFUFSP +. (SBDJB " .BSUÎOF[ * -PSFO[P $ #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +. $BSCPOFMM & .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF MPXFS CBDL BOE QFMWJT GSPN BO
BHFE IVNBO JOEJWJEVBM GSPN UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT TJUF 4QBJO 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 64" 44
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S õVBESVQFEBM TVCKFDUT JO B GBNJMZ "EBOB 5VSLFZ
OFX JOTJHIUT JOUP UIF CJPNFDIBOJDBM JOĔVFODFT PO
TLFMFUBM EFWFMPQNFOU
/PÊNJF #POOFBV1,2 "OUIPOZ )FSSFM2 -FWFOU 0[HP[FO3 &ZMÛM "LCBM3 0TNBO %FNJSIBO3 ¸NFS 4VOLBS #JÉFS 3 $ISJTUJOF
5BSEJFV2
6OJWFSTJUZ 1BSJT 4VE 9* 1BSJT 'SBODF p .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF 1BSJT 'SBODF p 'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF
6OJWFSTJUZ PG $VLPSPWB "EBOB 5VSLJTI
ăF JNQBDU PG CJPNFDIBOJDBM DPOTUSBJOUT PO TLFMFUBM TIBQF JT NPTUMZ VOEFSTUPPE IPXFWFS UIF TUVEZ PG UIF QIFOPUZQF JT HFOFSBMMZ
DPNQMJDBUFE CZ B UBOHMF PG HFOFUJD BOE FQJHFOFUJD GBDUPST #PUI QIZMPHFOFUJD BOE EFWFMPQNFOUBM BOBMZTFT BSF USBEJUJPOBM UPPMT JO
PSEFS UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF SPMF PG UIF NFDIBOJDBM FOWJSPONFOU PO UIF BEVMU QIFOPUZQF " CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF SPMF PG HFOFUJD
BOE FQJHFOFUJD GBDUPST PO TLFMFUBM GFBUVSFT BSF PG DSJUJDBM JNQPSUBODF UP UIF TUVEZ PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO BOE UIF BDRVJTJUJPO PG CJQFEBM
MPDPNPUJPO JO UIF IVNBO MJOFBHF 8IBU XBT UIF SPMF PG HFOFT 8IBU JT UIF SPMF PG FOWJSPONFOU 4PNF NPEFMT IBWF CFFO WFSZ
JOGPSNBUJWF TVDI BT +BQBOFTF NBDBRVFT USBJOFE UP XBML CJQFEBMMZ 1SFVTDIPĕ FU BM PS FYQFSJNFOUT EVSJOH XIJDI HPBUT XFSF
EFQSJWFE PG UIF VTF PG UIFJS VQQFS MJNCT BU CJSUI 3FDFOUMZ IVNBOT XIJDI QSBDUJDF IBCJUVBM RVBESVQFEBM MPDPNPUJPO XFSF JEFO
UJđFE BOE UIF TUVEZ PG UIFJS TLFMFUPOT DPOTUJUVUFT B VOJRVF TPVSDF PG JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UIF FWPMVUJPO PG UIF IVNBO TLFMFUPO
*O B 4PVUI 5VSLJTI WJMMBHF đWF BEVMUT PG B GBNJMZ PG DIJMESFO BSF TVĈFSJOH B NVUBUJPO BU B HFOF PG DISPNPTPNF JOEVDJOH B
MPTT PG B GVOEBNFOUBM QSPUFJO JNQMJFE JO UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG UIF DFSFCFMMVN 5ÛSLNFO FU BM 0[DFMJL FU BM ăF DFSF
CSPDFSFCFMMBS IZQPQMBTJB SFTVMUT JO B ESBTUJD JNCBMBODF XIJDI SFOEFST UIF BDRVJTJUJPO PG CJQFEBM MPDPNPUJPO EJċDVMU 5XP QBUJFOUT
BOE POF PG UIFJS OPOQBUIPMPHJDBM CSPUIFST XFSF FYBNJOFE BU UIF IPTQJUBM JO "EBOB 1IZTJDBM FYBNJOBUJPOT SBEJPHSBQIJFT BOE $5
TDBOOJOH XFSF QFSGPSNFE ăSFFEJNFOTJPOBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT PG UIF QFMWJGFNPSBM DPNQMFY CBTFE PO UIF $5 TDBOT XFSF PCUBJOFE
VTJOH "NJSB TPĕXBSF )FSF XF QSFTFOU PVS đSTU SFTVMUT DPODFSOJOH UISFF GFNPSBM GFBUVSFT XIJDI BSF LOPXO UP CF TUSPOHMZ JOĔV
FODFE CZ FOWJSPONFOUBM GBDUPST 5BSEJFV #POOFBV FU BM 5XP DPODFSOT QBSBNFUFST PG UIF PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF GFNPSBM
OFDL JF UIF BOUFWFSTJPO BOE JODMJOBUJPO BOHMFT BOE UIF MBTU DPODFSOT UIF GFNPSBM TIBĕ PCMJRVJUZ 7BMVFT NFBTVSFE PO UIF NBMF
RVBESVQFEBM QBUJFOU XFSF DPNQBSFE UP WBMVFT NFBTVSFE PO UIF IFBMUIZ CSPUIFS XIP SFQSFTFOUT B DPOUSPM DPNQBSFE UP UIF HFOFSBM
QPQVMBUJPO ăF BOUFWFSTJPO BOHMF JT LOPXO UP CF BSPVOE JO UIF IVNBO QPQVMBUJPO " NFBTVSFNFOU PG BOE GPS UIF
SJHIU BOE MFĕ GFNPSBM OFDL BOUFWFSTJPO SFTQFDUJWFMZ XBT PCUBJOFE GPS UIF CJQFEBM CSPUIFS ăF WBMVFT PCUBJOFE GPS UIF RVBESVQFEBM
QBUJFOU XFSF HSFBUFS BT BOE XFSF NFBTVSFE PO UIF SJHIU BOE MFĕ GFNPSB SFTQFDUJWFMZ $PODFSOJOH UIF GFNPSBM OFDL TIBĕ
BOHMF XIJDI JT PO BWFSBHF JO IVNBO QPQVMBUJPO BOHMFT PG BOE XFSF PCUBJOFE GPS UIF SJHIU BOE MFĕ GFNPSB PG UIF
BĈFDUFE CSPUIFS XIJMF BOHMFT PG BOE XFSF PCUBJOFE GPS UIF IFBMUIZ CSPUIFS 'JOBMMZ UIF PCMJRVJUZ PG UIF GFNPSBM TIBĕ
FRVBMMFE CPUI JO UIF SJHIU BOE MFĕ TJEFT PG UIF CJQFEBM CSPUIFS B NFBO WBMVF PG JT UZQJDBM GPS IVNBOT
XIJMF BOE XFSF
NFBTVSFE JO UIF RVBESVQFEBM QBUJFOU 0VS SFTVMUT QSPWJEFE FWJEFODF UIBU UIF IBCJUVBM MPDPNPUPS FOWJSPONFOU TJHOJđDBOUMZ BĈFDUT
UIF GFNPSBM TIBQF *O DPODMVTJPO RVBESVQFEBM MPDPNPUJPO IBCJUVBMMZ QSBDUJTFE CZ UIF QBUIPMPHJD QBUJFOU JOEVDFE B NPEJđDBUJPO
PG UIF PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF GFNPSBM OFDL BOE UIF PCMJRVJUZ PG UIF GFNPSBM TIBĕ ăJT QSFMJNJOBSZ BOBMZTJT XJMM CF JOUFHSBUFE JO UIF
TUVEZ PG UIF XIPMF MPDPNPUPS TLFMFUPO ăF BJN JT UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF JNQBDU PG HSPXUI PO B TLFMFUPO XIJDI JOIFSJUFE UIF DIBSBDUFST
PG CJQFEBM BEBQUBUJPO CVU EJE OPU BDRVJSFE UIF FQJHFOFUJD DIBSBDUFST MJOLFE XJUI CJQFEBM HBJU BDRVJTJUJPO BOE XBT SFNPEFMMFE CZ
IBCJUVBM VTF PG RVBESVQFEBM MPDPNPUJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> #POOFBV / #BZMBD . (BHFZ 0 5BSEJFV $ 'VODUJPOBM JOUFHSBUJWF BOBMZTJT PG UIF IJQ KPJOU UIF UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM PSJFOUBUJPO
PG UIF BDFUBCVMVN BOE JUT SFMBUJPO XJUI UIF PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF GFNPSBM OFDL + )VN &WPM <> 0[DFMJL 5 "LBSTV / 6[ & $BHMBZBO 4
(VMTVOFS 4 0OBU 0& 5BO . 5BO 6 .VUBUJPOT JO UIF WFSZ MPXEFOTJUZ MJQPQSPUFJO SFDFQUPS 7-%-3 DBVTF DFSFCBMMBS IZQPQMBTJB BOE
RVBESVQFEBM MPDPNPUJPO JO IVNBOT 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 64" <> 1SFVTDIPĕ ) )BZBNB 4 (ÛOUIFS .. $VSWBUVSF PG UIF
MVNCBS TQJOF BT B DPOTFRVFODF PG NFDIBOJDBM OFDFTTJUJFT JO +BQBOFTF NBDBRVFT USBJOFE GPS CJQFEBMJTN 'PMJB 1SJNBUPM <> 5BSEJFV $ %FWFMPQNFOU PG UIF IVNBO IJOE MJNC BOE JUT JNQPSUBODF GPS UIF FWPMVUJPO PG CJQFEBMJTN &WPM "OUISPQPM <> 5ÛSLNFO 4 %FNJSIBO 0
)PĈNBOO ' %JFST " ;JNNFS $ 4QFSMJOH , .VOEMPT 4 $FSFCFMMBS IZQPQMBTJB BOE RVBESVQFEBM MPDPNPUJPO JO IVNBOT BT B SFDFTTJWF USBJU
NBQQJOH UP DISPNPTPNF Q + .FE (FOFU 45
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 4FRVFODF BOBMZTJT PG UPPM QSFIFOTJPO BOE NBOJQVMBUJPO B OFX NFUIPE UP BOBMZ[F IBOE EFYUFSJUZ
"OUPOZ #PSFM1,2 -BVSFODF $IÍ[F3 &NNBOVFMMF 1PVZEFCBU2,4
*OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT &ÕUWÕT -PSÃOE 6OJWFSTJUZ #VEBQFTU )VOHBSZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG 1SFIJTUPSZ 6.3
$/34 /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ 1BSJT 'SBODF p *'455"3 -#.$ 6.35 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -ZPO 'SBODF p %FQBSUNFOU PG &DPMPHZ BOE .BOBHFNFOU PG #JPEJWFSTJUZ 6.3 $/34
1SJNBUPMPHZ BOE FUIPMPHZ TIPX UIBU PUIFS TQFDJFT UIBO IVNBO BSF BCMF UP NBLF UPPMT 4IVNBLFS FU BM TFMFDU TFWFSBM PG
UIFJS QSPQFSUJFT 7JTBMCFSHIJ FU BM BOE FWFO QSFTFSWF UPPMT GPS GVUVSF VTF &WFSZEBZ OFX EJTDPWFSJFT JO UIFTF đFMET TIPX UIBU
IVNBO UPPM VTF TQFDJđDJUJFT BSF OPU TUSBJHIUGPSXBSE UP BTTFTT *U DPNQMJDBUFT PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG CPUI IVNBO
UPPM VTF PSJHJO BOE
FWPMVUJPO BOE PVS JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM UPPMT JO QBSUJDVMBS UIPTF JOWPMWFE JO UIF EFCBUF BCPVU UIF PSJHJOT PG TUPOF UPPM
NBLJOH TUJMM UIF DFOUFS PG B MBSHF EFCBUF BSPVOE "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT BOE )PNP ,JWFMM FU BM *O PSEFS UP JOGFS QBTU BSDIBFPMPH
JDBM UPPMT BOE UP BTTFTT IVNBO UPPMVTJOH IBOE TQFDJđDJUJFT JU JT FTTFOUJBM UP JOWFTUJHBUF UPPM NBOJQVMBUJPO JUTFMG " DPNQSFIFOTJWF
JOWFTUJHBUJPO PG EZOBNJD NBOVBM GVODUJPO BOE EFYUFSJUZ JT OFDFTTBSZ )PXFWFS TP GBS UIFTF LJOET PG TUVEJFT FJUIFS GPDVTFE PO TUBUJD
đOHFS QPTUVSFT EVSJOH HSBTQJOH PS JOWPMWFE DPNQMFY LJOFNBUJD NPEFMJOH OFDFTTJUBUJOH UIF VTF PG NBSLFST PO UIF IBOE XIJDI BSF
PĕFO UPP NVDI DPOTUSBJOJOH GPS UIF TVCKFDU JO B DPNQMFY UPPM VTJOH UBTL BOE JOBQQMJDBCMF GPS OPOIVNBO QSJNBUFT 3FHIFN FU BM
*O BEEJUJPO UPPM VTJOH UBTLT JOWPMWF TFWFSBM TFRVFODFT PG HSBTQJOH QPTUVSF BOE PG SFQPTJUJPOJOH NPWFNFOUT UIBU IBE OFWFS
CFFO RVBOUJđFE ăVT TVDI EPDVNFOUBUJPO PO TUSBUFHJFT JOWPMWJOH TFRVFODFT PG QPTUVSFT BOE NBOJQVMBUJPO JT MBDLJOH GPS DPNQMFY
UPPM VTJOH UBTLT ăF QSFTFOU TUVEZ BJNFE BU TFUUJOH VQ B OFX NFUIPEPMPHZ UP FYBNJOF UIF EZOBNJD TUSBUFHJFT PG UPPM VTF JF CPEZ
QPTUVSF SFQPTJUJPOJOH BOE TFRVFODFT PG HSBTQJOH QPTUVSFT
JO IVNBO BDDPSEJOH UP UIF LJOE PG VTF BOEPS VTFST 'JWF TVCKFDUT XJUI
SJHIU IBOE QSFGFSFODF QBSUJDJQBUFE UP UIF FYQFSJNFOU ăF TJ[F XFJHIU IBOE MFOHUI BOE TFWFSBM PUIFS NPSQIPMPHJDBM NFBTVSFNFOUT
XFSF UBLFO PO FBDI PG UIFN &BDI TVCKFDU IBE UP NBLF B TQFBS QPJOU CJNBOVBM UBTL
XJUI UXP EJĈFSFOU UZQFT PG CBNCPP VTJOH ĔJOU
ĔBLFT ăF FYQFSJNFOUT XFSF FYBNJOFE TFDPOE CZ TFDPOE UP HBUIFS UIF EBUB DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP TFWFSBM QBSBNFUFST TVDI BT UIF OVNCFS
PG VTFE đOHFST BOE UIF DPOUBDU BSFBT VTFE GSPN UIF MFĕ BOE SJHIU IBOE UIF UZQF PG BDUJPO UIF CPEZ QPTUVSF PS UIF SFQPTJUJPOJOH
PG UIF TVCKFDU UPPM BOE XPSLFE NBUFSJBM " UJNF CBTFE TFRVFODF BOBMZTJT XBT QFSGPSNFE UP FYBNJOF FBDI WBSJBCMF JO SFMBUJPO UP UIF
FYQFSUJTF UIF TFY BOE UIF NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG UIF TVCKFDUT BOE JO SFMBUJPO UP UIF UZQF PG XPSLFE NBUFSJBM BT XFMM *U BMTP
BMMPXFE FWBMVBUJOH DPTUT BOE CFOFđDFT ăJT FYQFSJNFOUBUJPO TIPXFE CPUI DPOTJTUFODZ BOE WBSJBUJPO BNPOH VTFST BOE UZQF PG VTF
EFQFOEJOH PO UIF PCTFSWFE QBSBNFUFST 4JNJMBSJUJFT BSF GPVOE GPS FYBNQMF GPS UIF OVNCFS PG đOHFST UIF QPTJUJPO PG UIF IBOE UIF
BDUJPO DBSSJFE PVU BOE UIF NPUJPO PG UIF UPPM XIJDI EP OPU TIPX NVDI WBSJBCJMJUZ BNPOH UIF TVCKFDUT JO QBSUJDVMBS GPS UIF MFĕ IBOE
ăF DPOUBDU BSFBT XIJDI BSF UIF NPTU VTFE BSF BMTP TJNJMBS BOE DPOTJTU JO UIF QVMQ PG UIF UIVNC BOE JOEFY đOHFS .PSF EJĈFSFODFT
XFSF JEFOUJđFE EFQFOEJOH GPS FYBNQMF PO UIF IBOET VTFE UIF XPSLFE NBUFSJBM BOE UIF FYQFSJFODF PG UIF TVCKFDU *O QBSUJDVMBS
FYQFSU JT NPSF DPOTJTUFOU BOE đOET CFUUFS DPNQSPNJTF CFUXFFO DPTUT BOE CFOFđDFT ăJT NFUIPEPMPHZ QSPWFE UP CF QPXFSGVM BOE
QSPNJTJOH BOE PQFOT TFWFSBM QFSTQFDUJWFT *O B TIPSU UFSN JU DPVME BMMPX BTTFTTJOH JOUSB BOE JOUFSJOEJWJEVBM WBSJBCJMJUZ JO HSBTQJOH
BOE NBOJQVMBUJWF TUSBUFHJFT ăF PCTFSWFE QBSBNFUFST DPVME BMTP CF VTFE UP JNQSPWF UIF BDDVSBDZ BOE PCKFDUJWJUZ PG UIF JOUFSQSF
UBUJPO PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BSUJGBDUT SFMBUJPO CFUXFFO TUSBUFHJFT PG QPTUVSFT BOE NPWFNFOU UIF TIBQF PG UPPMT BOE UIF BTTPDJBUFE
VTFXFBST #PSFM FU BM *O B MPOH UFSN UIFJS EJTDVTTJPO JO SFMBUJPO UP PUIFS TQFDJFT DPVME BMTP QSPWJEF OFX JOGPSNBUJPO DPO
DFSOJOH UIF FTTFOUJBM FMFNFOUT OFFEFE GPS UPPM VTF JUT TQFDJđDJUJFT WBSJBCJMJUZ BOE JO B XJEFS UIFPSFUJDBM GSBNFXPSL JUT PSJHJO BOE
FWPMVUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT TUVEZ IBT CFFO DBSSJFE PVU UIBOLT UP B QPTUEPDUPSBM GPVOEJOH GSPN UIF 'ZTTFO GPVOEBUJPO 8F UIBOL
&MPEJF 3FHIFN GPS IFS IFMQ EVSJOH UIF FYQFSJNFOUT BOE FBDI PG UIF BOPOZNPVT TVCKFDUT GPS UIFJS QBSUJDJQBUJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> #PSFM " (BJMMBSE $ .PODFM .) 4BMB 3 1PVZEFCBU & 4JNBOKVOUBL 5 4ÊNBI ' )PX UP JOUFSQSFU JOGPSNBM ĔBLFT
BTTFNCMBHFT *OUFHSBUJOH NPSQIPMPHJDBM EFTDSJQUJPO VTFXFBS BOE NPSQIPNFUSJD BOBMZTJT HBWF CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF CFIBWJPST PG BOBUPNJDBMMZ
NPEFSO IVNBO GSPN 4POH 5FSVT *OEPOFTJB
+PVSOBM PG "OUISPQPMPHJDBM "SDIBFPMPHZ <> ,JWFMM 5- ,JCJJ + $IVSDIJMM 4& 4DINJE
1 #FSHFS - "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB IBOE EFNPOTUSBUFT NPTBJD FWPMVUJPO PG MPDPNPUPS BOE NBOJQVMBUJWF BCJMJUJFT 4DJFODF <>
3FHIFN & $IÍ[F - $PQQFOT : 1PVZEFCBU & (SBTQJOHT LJOFNBUJD JO đWF QSJNBUFT -FNVS DBUUB 4BQBKVT YBOUIPTUFSOPT (PSJMMB HPSJMMB 1BO
USPHMPEZUFT )PNP TBQJFOT +PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO <> 4IVNBLFS 38 8BMLVQ ,3 #FDL ## "OJNBM 5PPM #FIBWJPS ăF 6TF
BOE .BOVGBDUVSF PG 5PPMT CZ "OJNBMT +PIOT )PQLJOT 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT #BMUJNPSF <> 7JTBMCFSHIJ & "EEFTTJ & 5SVQQB 7 4QBHOPMFUUJ / 0UUPOJ
& *[BS 1 'SBHBT[Z % 4FMFDUJPO PG FĈFDUJWF TUPOF UPPMT CZ XJME CFBSEFE DBQVDIJO NPOLFZT $VSSFOU #JPMPHZ 46
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B " QPJTPOFE DIBMJDF JOWFTUJHBUJOH UIF QSFTFODF PG QPJTPOT PO 1BMFPMJUIJD BSSPXT
7BMFOUJOB #PSHJB1 .JDIFMMF $BSMJO2 +BDPQP $SF[[JOJ3
6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF p /PSUIVNCSJB 6OJWFSTJUZ p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4JFOB
&UIOPHSBQIJD EPDVNFOUBUJPO UFMMT VT UIBU WFSZ PĕFO IVOUFST QPJTPO UIFJS XFBQPOT XJUI UPYJD TVCTUBODFT ăF FBTF XJUI XIJDI QPJ
TPOT DBO CF PCUBJOFE GSPN QMBOUT BOE BOJNBMT BOE UIF CFOFđUT BSJTJOH GSPN UIFJS BQQMJDBUJPO PO UISPXJOH XFBQPOT B TBGF EJTUBODF
GSPN UIF IVOUFST QSFZ LJMMJOH MBSHF TJ[F QSFZ SFMBUJWFMZ RVJDLMZ
TVHHFTUT UIBU UIJT QSBDUJDF DPVME CF XJEFTQSFBE BNPOH QSFIJTUPSJD
IVOUFST *O QBSUJDVMBS UIF QPJTPOPVT TVCTUBODFT DBO JODBQBDJUBUF UIF BOJNBM JSSFTQFDUJWF PG XIFUIFS UIF XFBQPO DBVTJOH B NPSUBM
XPVOE UIJT JT DSVDJBM GPS UIF SFDPWFSZ PG NFBU BOE GVST JO HPPE DPOEJUJPOT *O UIJT QBQFS XF QSFTFOU UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG B NFUIPE
GPS UIF EFUFDUJPO PG UPYJD TVCTUBODFT PO &VSPQFBO 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD TUPOF BOE CPOF QPJOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI JT QBSU PG B XJEFS QSPKFDU
PO UIF BOBMZTJT PG SFTJEVFT PO UIF QSFIJTUPSJD QSPKFDUJMF QPJOUT JO DPMMBCPSBUJPO XJUI UIF %FQBSUNFOU PG $IFNJDBM BOE 'PSFOTJD
4DJFODFT PG UIF /PSUIVNCSJB 6OJWFSTJUZ /FXDBTUMF ăF JOWFTUJHBUJPO NBLFT VTF PG NBTT TQFDUSPNFUSJD BOBMZTJT UP FTUBCMJTI UIF
QSFTFODFBCTFODF PG QPUFOUJBMMZ UPYJD TVCTUBODFT FWFO BĕFS UIPVTBOET PG ZFBST ăF QMBOUT PG UIF 3BOVODVMBDFBF GBNJMZ QBSUJDVMBSMZ
NPOLTIPPE BT XFMM BT PUIFS DPNNPO UPYJD QMBOUT TVDI BT IFNMPDL PS BOETUSZDIOPT UPYJGFSJB DVSBSF
BSF UIPTF PO XIJDI XF IBWF
NPSF IJTUPSJDBM JOGPSNBUJPO BOE GPSN UIF CBTJT PG UIJT XPSL 6TJOH B DPNQMFUFMZ OPOJOWBTJWF NFUIPE CBTFE PO UIF FYUSBDUJPO XJUI
EFJPOJ[FE XBUFS TBNQMFT XFSF UBLFO GSPN UIF FUIOPHSBQIJD NBUFSJBMT QSFTFSWFE JO UIF .VTFVN PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ
PG $BNCSJEHF 6,
BOE TBNQMJOHT BSF TDIFEVMFE BU UIF 1JUU 3JWFST .VTFVN PG 0YGPSE 6,
BOE .VTFP &UOPHSBđDP 1JHPSJOJ
PG 3PNB *UBMZ
ăF QSPKFDU QSFWJFX UIF SFTFBSDI PG UIF UPYJD NPMFDVMFT TUBSUJOH GSPN UIF QSFTFOU QMBOUT BOE XPSLJOH CBDLXBSET
UISPVHI UIF TUVEZ PG UIF FUIOPHSBQIJD BOE IJTUPSJDBM XFBQPOT JO QBSUJDVMBS UIF JSPO QPJOUT VTFE CZ 3PNBOT BOE (BVMT TPNFUJNFT
QPJTPOFE XJUI "DPOJUF ăF NFUIPE XJMM CF UIFSFGPSF BQQMJFE UP UIF QSFIJTUPSJD NBUFSJBM
47
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4B 7BSJBUJPO PG UIF &OBNFM%FOUJO+VODUJPO NPSQIPMPHZ PG VQQFS QSFNPMBST JO NPEFSO IVNBO
QPQVMBUJPOT
-JTB #VDIFHHFS1 $JO[JB 'PSOBJ1 (FSIBSE 8 8FCFS1,2
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7JFOOB "VTUSJB p $PSF 'BDJMJUZ GPS .JDSP$PNQVUFE 5PNPHSBQIZ 6OJWFSTJUZ
PG 7JFOOB "VTUSJB
5PPUI NPSQIPMPHZ JT PĕFO VTFE GPS UBYPOPNJD QVSQPTFT )PXFWFS TPNF EFOUBM GFBUVSFT DBO CF PCTDVSFE CZ XFBS 3FMBUJWFMZ OFX
NPSQIPNFUSJD BQQSPBDIFT VTF OPOEFTUSVDUJWF JNBHJOH UFDIOJRVFT BOE GPDVT PO UIF FOBNFMEFOUJOF KVODUJPO &%+
XIJDI JT VTV
BMMZ MFTT BĈFDUFE CZ XFBS BOE QSFTFOUT B HFOFUJDBMMZ TUBCMF NPSQIPMPHZ ,PSFOIPG *O UIJT TUVEZ XF DPOUSJCVUF UP UIF VO
EFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO PG UIF VQQFS UIJSE BOE GPVSUI QSFNPMBST 13 BOE 14 SFTQFDUJWFMZ
JO NPEFSO IVNBO
QPQVMBUJPOT VTJOH EJĈFSFOU (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJD (.
BQQSPBDIFT 'VSUIFSNPSF XF BJN UP EFWFMPQ B EBUB CBTF GPS GVSUIFS
DPNQBSBUJWF EFOUBM TUVEJFT JO IVNBO FWPMVUJPO 0VS TBNQMF DPNQSJTFE TFWFO NPEFSO IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT O 4BO BOE PUIFS
"GSJDBO JOEJHFOPVT JOEJWJEVBMT NJEEMF &VSPQFBOT +BWBOFTF 1BQVB /FX (VJOFBO JOEJHFOPVT "VTUSBMJBO "CPSJHJOFT BOE "WBST B
QPQVMBUJPO PG NJYFE "TJBO&VSPQFBO EFTDFOU MJWJOH JO &BTUFSO &VSPQF GSPN UIF đĕI UP UIF OJOUI DFOUVSZ "% "T BO PVUHSPVQ XF
VTFE B TBNQMF PG 1POHP QZHNBFVT O "MM JOEJWJEVBMT XFSF TDBOOFE BU UIF 7JFOOB γ$5-BC ăF JNBHF EBUB XFSF TFHNFOUFE
JO PSEFS UP QSPEVDF % TVSGBDF NPEFMT PG UIF DSPXO BOE &%+ 8F DPMMFDUFE MBOENBSLT PO UIF CVDDBM BOE MJOHVBM IPSO UJQT BOE
BU UIF EFFQFTU QPJOUT PG UIF NFTJBM BOE EJTUBM GPTTBF BOE VTFE DVSWF TFNJMBOENBSLT BMPOH UIF NBSHJOBM FEHF "EEJUJPOBMMZ XF
BOBMZ[FE MBOENBSL DPOđHVSBUJPOT O HBUIFSFE GSPN UIF DSPXO BOE DFSWJDBM PVUMJOFT ăF MBOENBSL DPOđHVSBUJPOT XFSF OPS
NBMJ[FE UISPVHI (FOFSBM 1SPDSVTUFT "OBMZTJT BOE UIFO B 1SJODJQBM $PNQPOFOU "OBMZTJT XBT QFSGPSNFE GPS FBDI PG UIF MBOENBSL
DPOđHVSBUJPOT DPOTJEFSFE TFQBSBUFMZ 0VS SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU UIF DSPXO PVUMJOF JT UIF NPTU WBSJBCMF GFBUVSF XJUIJO UIF EFOUBM BTQFDUT
DPOTJEFSFE 'PS CPUI DSPXO BOE DFSWJDBM PVUMJOFT JO TIBQF TQBDF 13 TIPX BO JNQFSGFDU TFQBSBUJPO CFUXFFO )PNP BOE 1POHP XIJMF
UIFSF JT OP TFQBSBUJPO BU BMM JO 14 *O GPSN TQBDF UIFTF UXP HFOFSB TFQBSBUF OFBUMZ EVF UP TJ[F )PNP TBQJFOT TIPXT B MBSHF JOUSBHSPVQ
WBSJBUJPO GPS CPUI 13 T BOE 14 T BOE OP DMFBS TFQBSBUJPO CFUXFFO QPQVMBUJPOT ăF &%+ (. BOBMZTJT GPS CPUI 13 BOE 14 JT UIF NPTU
UBYPOPNJDBMMZ JOGPSNBUJWF TFQBSBUJOH DMFBSMZ )PNP GSPN 1POHP CVU UIFSF JT BHBJO OP HSPVQJOH GPS UIF WBSJPVT IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT
DPOTJEFSFE ăF NBJO TPVSDF PG &%+ WBSJBUJPO GPS CPUI QSFNPMBS UZQFT 1$ JO 13 JO 14 JT NBJOMZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI
UIF MFOHUI PG UIF NFTJPEJTUBM HSPPWF 1$ BDDPVOUT GPS SFMBUJWFMZ DPNQMFY TIBQF EJTUPSUJPOT PG UIF XIPMF DSPXO JF B NFTJPEJTUBM
TLFXJOH JO 13 BOE B CVDDBM OBSSPXJOH PS XJEFOJOH JO 14 "MPOH 1$ UIF DVTQT IFJHIU BDDPVOUT GPS UIF WBSJBUJPO
PCTFSWFE *O 13 T UIF CVDDBM BOE MJOHVBM DVTQT WBSZ GSPN CFJOH BQQSPYJNBUFMZ UIF TBNF IFJHIU UP SFMBUJWFMZ IJHIFS CVDDBM
DVTQ *O 14 T JU JT B IJHIFS SFMJFG WT B MPXFS SFMJFG NFBOJOH CPUI IPSO UJQT BSF FJUIFS SFMBUJWFMZ UBMM PS MPX *O UFSNT PG TJ[F
XF GPVOE BMTP OP DMFBS QBUUFSO DIBSBDUFSJ[JOH EJĈFSFOU HFPHSBQIJDBM QPQVMBUJPOT 0VS đOEJOHT TVHHFTU UIBU UIFSF JT DPOTJEFSBCMF
NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO XJUIJO NPEFSO IVNBO VQQFS QSFNPMBST CVU JU JT OPU BTTPDJBUFE XJUI UIF HFPHSBQIJDBM PSJHJO PG UIF RVJUF
EJWFSTF QPQVMBUJPOT JODMVEFE JO UIF TUVEZ .PSFPWFS XF GPVOE UIBU OFJUIFS DSPXO OPS DFSWJDBM VQQFS QSFNPMBS PVUMJOFT BSF SFMJBCMF
GFBUVSFT UP EJTUJOHVJTI CFUXFFO SFDFOU ) TBQJFOT BOE 1 QZHNBFVT ăJT SFQSFTFOUT B TVJUBCMF EBUBCBTF GPS GVSUIFS DPNQBSBUJWF TUVE
JFT PO IPNJOJO VQQFS QSFNPMBST
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL .BSUJO %PDLOFS 7JFOOB .JDSP$5 -BC
GPS UFDIOJDBM TVQQPSU (FSMJOEF (SVCFS .FEJDBM 6OJ
WFSTJUZ 7JFOOB
BOE &EVBSE 8JOUFS /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN 7JFOOB
GPS BDDFTT UP NBUFSJBM BOE ,BUBSJOB .BUJBTFL GPS CBDL
HSPVOE JOGPSNBUJPO PO DPMMFDUJPOT
3FGFSFODFT<> ,PSFOIPG $ " 8 &WPMVUJPOBSZ USFOET PG UIF JOOFS FOBNFM BOBUPNZ PG EFDJEVPVT NPMBST GSPN 4BOHJSBO +BWB *OEPOFTJB
*O
,VSUFO # &ET
5FFUI 'PSN 'VODUJPO BOE &WPMVUJPO $PMVNCJB 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT Q 48
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B .BYJMMBSZ TJOVTFT DSBOJPGBDJBM NPSQIPMPHZ BOE BEBQUBUJPO JO 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT
-BVSB #VDL1,2 $ISJT 4USJOHFS1 "OO .BD-BSOPO2 5PEE 3BF2
/BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3PFIBNQUPO
ăF NPSQIPMPHZ PG .JE-BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF LB
IPNJOJOT WBSJFT XJEFMZ GPS TVDI DMPTFMZ SFMBUFE TQFDJFT BOE UIFZ BSF SFQPSUFE
UP IBWF QBSBOBTBM TJOVTFT PG UBYPOPNJD BOE GVODUJPOBM JOUFSFTU /FBOEFSUIBM NBYJMMBSZ TJOVTFT JO QBSUJDVMBS BSF TBJE UP CF EJTUJOD
UJWFMZ MBSHF FYQMBJOJOH UIFJS EJBHOPTUJD NJEGBDJBM NPSQIPMPHZ BOE SFTVMUJOH GSPN DPME BEBQUBUJPO <> <> <> ăFTF BTTFSUJPOT
XFSF JOWFTUJHBUFE UP JMMVNJOBUF DBVTFT PG JOUFS BOE JOUSBUBYPO DSBOJPGBDJBM WBSJBUJPO JO .JE-BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT XIJMTU
FWBMVBUJOH UIFPSJFT PG TJOVT GVODUJPO BOE BEBQUBUJPO JO MBUFS )PNP 4JOVT WPMVNFT XFSF NFBTVSFE GSPN $5 EBUB BOE % MBOENBSL
HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD NFUIPET XFSF VTFE UP JEFOUJGZ BTTPDJBUFE TIBQF WBSJBCMFT JO B MBSHF TBNQMF PG GPTTJM BOE FYUBOU IPNJOJOT
3FMBUJPOTIJQT XFSF JOWFTUJHBUFE CFUXFFO UIFTF TJOVT WBSJBCMFT BOE UBYPOPNJDQPQVMBUJPO EJFUBSZ BOE DMJNBUJD WBSJBCMFT ăF SFTVMUT
EFNPOTUSBUF UIBU UIF NBYJMMBSZ TJOVTFT BQQFBS UP IBWF OP EJSFDU GVODUJPO JO .JE-BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT CVU JOEJDBUF UIBU UIFZ
EP SFTQPOE UP TFMFDUJWF QSFTTVSFT TVDI BT EJFU BOE DMJNBUF JOEJSFDUMZ WJB DSBOJBM BEBQUBUJPO ăFTF FĈFDUT BSF PG WBSZJOH TUSFOHUI
BOE JU JT MJLFMZ UIBU TUPDIBTUJD EFWFMPQNFOU BMTP QMBZT B QBSU JO EFUFSNJOJOH EJĈFSFODFT JO JOEJWJEVBM WPMVNFT <> *OUFSUBYPO DPN
QBSJTPOT TIPX UIBU DPNQBSFE UP PUIFS .JE-BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF UBYB ) TBQJFOT IBT IZQPQOFVNBUJTFE NBYJMMBSZ TJOVTFT SBUIFS UIBO
) OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT CFJOH IZQFSQOFVNBUJTFE <> <> 4NBMM NBYJMMBSZ TJOVTFT JO ) TBQJFOT BSF BSHVFE UP SFTVMU GSPN EFSJWFE DSBO
JPGBDJBM TJ[F BOE NPSQIPMPHZ XIJDI BSF JO QBSU BEBQUFE UP EJFUBSZ TUSBJO BOE DMJNBUJD QSFTTVSFT ăFTF DPODMVTJPOT IBWF CVJMU PO
QSFWJPVT TUVEJFT UP PWFSUVSO MPOHTUBOEJOH CVU VOGPVOEFE UIFPSJFT BCPVU UIF QOFVNBUJD DBVTFT PG /FBOEFSUIBM NPSQIPMPHZ BOE
UIF GVODUJPOBM OBUVSF PG TJOVTFT XIJMTU PQFOJOH VQ QPUFOUJBMMZ WBMVBCMF SFTFBSDI BWFOVFT JOUP UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQT CFUXFFO TUSBJO DMJ
NBUF QOFVNBUJTBUJPO BOE JOUSBTQFDJđD WBSJBUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT -5# UIBOLT UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3PFIBNQUPO ăF 1SJNBUF 4PDJFUZ PG (SFBU #SJUBJO BOE ăF -FBLFZ 5SVTU GPS
GVOEJOH 'PS BDDFTT UP EBUB -5# UIBOLT 3PCFSU ,SVT[ZOTLJ 'BSBI "INFE .BSHBSFU $MFHH /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN
+BOFU
.POHF 5PN 4DIPFOFNBOO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1FOOTZMWBOJB
1IJMMJQF .FOOFDJFS "MBJO 'SPNNFOU "OUPJOF #BM[FBV .VTÊF
EF M)PNNF 1BSJT
ăPNBT ,PQQF &SOTU.PSSJU["SOEU 6OJWFSTJUZ (SFJGTXBME
$ISJTUPQI ;PMMJLPGFS 6OJWFSTJUZ PG ;VSJDI
"NFMJF 7JBMFU )FOSZ EF -VNMFZ *OTUJUVU EF 1BMÊPOUPMPHJF )VNBJOF 1BSJT
(JPSHJP .BO[J 6OJWFSTJUÃ -B 4BQJFO[B 3PNF
(FSIBSE 8FCFS 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7JFOOB
(FPSHF ,PVGPT "SJTUPUMF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG ăFTTBMPOJLJ
-VDB #POEJPMJ .VTFP /B[JPOBMF
1SFJTUPSJDP &UOPHSBđDP u-VJHJ 1JHPSJOJu 3PNF
"OESFBT 1BTUPPST /FBOEFSUIBM .VTFVN .FUUNBOO
3FGFSFODFT<> $IVSDIJMM 4& $PME BEBQUBUJPO IFUFSPDISPOZ BOE /FBOEFSUBMT &WPM "OUISPQPM <> $PPO $4 ăF PSJHJO PG SBDFT
/FX :PSL "MGSFE " ,OPQG <> -BJUNBO +5 3FJEFOCFSH +4 .BSRVF[ 4 BOE (BOOPO 1+ 8IBU UIF OPTF LOPXT OFX VOEFSTUBOEJOHT PG
/FBOEFSUIBM VQQFS SFTQJSBUPSZ USBDU TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 6 4 " <> ;PMMJLPGFS $ 1PODF EF -FÓO . 4DINJU[ 3 BOE
4USJOHFS $ /FX JOTJHIUT JOUP .JE-BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF GPTTJM IPNJOJO QBSBOBTBM TJOVT NPSQIPMPHZ "OBU 3FD <> 3BF 5$ ,PQQF 5
BOE 4USJOHFS $# ăF /FBOEFSUIBM GBDF JT OPU DPME BEBQUFE + )VN &WPM 49
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD 'VOFSBM $FSFNPOZ #JPBSDIBFPMPHZ 0G ăF 1FSTPO 'SPN ,PTUFOLJ 9JW .BSLJOB
(PSB
"MFYBOESB #V[IJMPWB1
3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF BOE .VTFVN PG "OUISPQPMPHZ .PTDPX 4UBUF 6OJWFSTJUZ
4UVEZJOH PG GFBUVSFT PG B GVOFSBM DFSFNPOZ BU UIF FBSMJFTU SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JT JNQPSUBOU GPS UIF RVFTUJPOT DPO
OFDUFE XJUI VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG PSJHJO PG DVMUVSBM USBEJUJPOT *U JT TVQQPSUFE CZ VTF PG WBSJPVT NFUIPET BOE BQQSPBDIFT BMTP BT BOBMZTJT
PG BOUISPQPMPHJDBM EBUB JO B DPOUFYU PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM LOPXMFEHF ăF BOUISPQPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT PG UIF BEVMU JOEJWJEVBM GPVOE CZ "
/ 3PHBDIZPW JO PO UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUF PG ,PTUFOLJ 9*7 .BSLJOB (PSB
FYIJCJU HPPE QSFTFSWBUJPO BOE DPNQMFUF
OFTT PG B TLFMFUPO ăF TLFMFUPO PG UIF BEVMU QFSTPO TFUUMFE EPXO JO B GVOFSBM HSBWF PO UIF MFĕ TJEF JO UIF XSJUIFE QPTJUJPO 4LFMFUPO
CPOFT BT XFMM BT B CPUUPN PG B GVOFSBM HSBWF XFSF QBJOUFE CZ EBSLSFE PDISF "OZ BDDPNQBOZJOH BSUJGBDUT XFSFOU GPVOE ăF BOBMZTJT
PG QBUIPMPHJDBM GFBUVSFT PG B TLFMFUPO DPOđSNT WJPMBUJPO PG JOUFHSJUZ PG CPEJFT PG UXP MVNCBS WFSUFCSBT CFDBVTF PG UIF EFHFOFSBUF
QBUIPMPHJDBM QSPDFTTFT *U DPVME CF UIF SFTVMU PG UIF TQJOF USBVNB &YBNJOBUJPO PG FWFSZEBZ QIZTJDBM BDUJWJUZ HBWF QPTTJCJMJUZ UP TUSFTT
IJHI MFWFM PG EFWFMPQNFOU PG B CPOF SFMJFG JO QMBDFT PG BO BUUBDINFOU PG TPNF EFFQ NVTDMFT BOE MJHBNFOUT PO DMBWJDMFT BOE UVCVMBS
CPOFT PG VQQFS BOE MPXFS FYUSFNJUJFT ăF EBUB QPJOU UP TFSJPVT QIZTJDBM BDUJWJUJFT PG UIF JOEJWJEVBM FMFWBUPS MPBEJOHT BOE SFHVMBS
MPOH QFEFTUSJBO USBOTJUJPOT ăF QSFTFODF PG USBDFT PG TFDPOEBSZ WFOPVT TUBHOBUJPO PO UIF EJBQIZTJT PG GFNPSB JT SFDPOTUSVDUFE BT B
SFTVMU PG TFWFSF MPBET PG UIF MPXFS FYUSFNJUJFT "MM UIJT JT NPTU DIBSBDUFSJTUJD GPS 1BMFPMJUIJD NBO EVF UP BO BDUJWF QIZTJDBM BDUJWJUZ MJGF
*O BEEJUJPO GPS FWFSZEBZ MJGF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO UXP IFBMFE JOKVSJFT PG B TLVMM XFSF đYFE BMTP BT XFMM BT B QPTTJCMF JOKVSZ PG UIF MFĕ QFMWJD
CPOF XIJDI UIF JOEJWJEVBM HPU TIPSUMZ CFGPSF EFBUI #FTJEFT UIFSF JT JOEJSFDU FWJEFODF PG QSPCBCMF QPTUNPSUFN NBOJQVMBUJPO XJUI
B CPEZ PG UIF CVSJFE 3FTVMUT PG UIF BOUISPQPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT BSF EJTDVTTFE XJUI B TJNJMBS 1BMFPMJUIJD DBTF JO B DPOUFYU PG TFNBOUJDT
PG GVOFSBM USBEJUJPOT
50
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B ăF JNQPSUBODF PG MJNFTUPOF JO UIF TVCTJTUFODF BDUJWJUJFT EVSJOH UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD UIF MFWFMT + .
BOE 0 BTTFNCMBHFT PG UIF "CSJD 3PNBOÎ TJUF #BSDFMPOB 4QBJO
.BSÎB (FNB $IBDÓO1,2,3 "NÍMJB #BSHBMMÓ1,2 4BSB "MDPODIFM1,2 #SVOP (ÓNF[ EF 4PMFS1,2 .BSÎB 4PUP1,2 'SBODFTDB
3PNBHOPMJ 4 .BOVFM 7BRVFSP1,2
*1)&4 5BSSBHPOB 4QBJO p ©SFB EF 1SFIJTUÖSJB 637 5BSSBHPOB 4QBJO p 6.3 %FQ 1SÊIJTUPJSF ./)/ 1BSJT
'SBODF p $BUUFESB EJ 1SFJTUPSJB %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4UPSJB 6OJW EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 'JSFO[F *UBMZ
ăF MJNFTUPOF JT POF PG UIF SBX NBUFSJBMT DBMMFE iTFDPOEBSZu PO UIF POF IBOE CFDBVTF JUT LOBQQJOH RVBMJUZ BOE PO UIF PUIFS IBOE
CFDBVTF OPSNBMMZ UIFJS QSPDVSFNFOU BSFBT BSF MPDBM ăJT JT UIF iDVSSFOUu JEFB XIFO UIF DIFSU JT UIF QSJODJQBM SBX NBUFSJBM VTFE JO B
TJUF PS JO BO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM MFWFM FTQFDJBMMZ JO .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT .PSFPWFS JUT VTF JT OPSNBMMZ BTTPDJBUFE UP QFSDVTTJPO
BDUJWJUJFT BT IBNNFSTUPOFT )PXFWFS UIJT QSFNJTF JU JT OPU BMXBZT USVF BOE MJNFTUPOF NBZ CF VTFE JO EJĈFSFOU XBZT *O QBSUJDVMBS JU
JT XPSUI FYQMPSJOH XIFUIFS UIF VTF PG MJNFTUPOF JT JOĔVFODFE CZ UIF UFDIOPMPHJDBM DPOUFYU 5XP NBJO UFDIOPMPHJDBM DPOUFYUT NBZ
CF JEFOUJđFE JO UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD FYQFEJFOU DPOUFYUT JO XIJDI LOBQQFST BSF OP WFSZ DPODFSOFE BCPVU UIF TIBQF BOE TJ[F PG
UIF QSPEVDUT BOE QSFEFUFSNJOFE DPOUFYU CBTFE PO UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG TQFDJđD CMBOLT ăF HPBM PG UIJT QBQFS JT UP BTDFSUBJO JG UIJT
FYQFEJFOUQSFEFUFSNJOFE EJDIPUPNZ DBO CF BMTP PCTFSWFE JO UIF VTF PG MJNFTUPOF *O UIJT QBQFS XF QSFTFOU UIF EBUB PCUBJOFE GSPN
UIF TUVEZ PG MJNFTUPOF SFNBJOT GSPN "CSJD 3PNBOÎ MFWFMT + . BOE 0 EBUFE CFUXFFO BOE ,B #1 <> ăFTF MFWFMT TIPX DMFBS
UFDIOPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFODFT -FWFMT + BOE . BSF DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ B NBSLFE FYQFEJFODZ JO MJUIJD QSPEVDUJPO XIFSFBT MFWFM 0 TIPXT
B DMFBS EPNJOBODF PG QSFEFUFSNJOFE -FWBMMPJT
TUSBUFHJFT ăF JOGPSNBUJPO DPNFT GSPN UIF JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSZ BOBMZTJT PG UIFJS QSPDVSFNFOU BSFBT MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHZ SFđUT BOE TQBUJBM QBUUFSOJOH BOBMZTJT PG UIF UISFF MJNFTUPOF BTTFNCMBHFT .PSFPWFS
UIF EBUB PCUBJOFE IBWF CFFO DPNQBSFE XJUI UIF SFTU PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT PG UIFTF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM MFWFMT ăF SFTVMUT QFSNJUUFE
UP EPDVNFOU WBSJPVT TQFDJđD GVODUJPOT EFQFOEJOH PG JUT VTF QFSDVTTJPO BDUJWJUJFT LOBQQJOH BDUJWJUJFT SFDZDMJOH TUSVDUVSBM DPNQMFY
FMFNFOU PG DPNCVTUJPO BOE DPPLJOH BDUJWJUJFT
UIF PDDVQBUJPO QBUUFSOT BOE JUT EVSBUJPO BOE UIF TVCTJTUFODF BDUJWJUJFT EFWFMPQFE
FO FBDI MFWFM ăF JNQPSUBODF PG UIFJS GVODUJPOT BSF OPU BMXBZT UIF TBNF JO UIF UISFF MFWFMT ăF SPMF PG MJNFTUPOF JT WFSZ JNQPSUBOU
OPU POMZ JO UIF PSHBOJ[BUJPO PG UIF UFDIOPMPHJDBM CFIBWJPST CVU BMTP JO UIF PUIFS TVCTJTUFODF BDUJWJUJFT EFWFMPQFE CZ UIF /FBOEFSUIBM
HSPVQT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT &YDBWBUJPOT BU UIF "CSJD 3PNBOÎ XFSF QFSGPSNFE XJUI UIF TVQQPSU PG UIF %FQBSUBNFOU EF $VMUVSB EF MB (FO
FSBMJUBU EF $BUBMVOZB "KVOUBNFOU EF $BQFMMBEFT 0đDJOB 1BUSJNPOJ $VMUVSBM%JQVUBDJP EF #BSDFMPOB 5BMMFST (SBđDT 3PNBOZB
7BMMT #FSDPOUSFT$FOUSF EF (FTUJP .FEJPBNCJFOUBM 4- BOE PG UIF $POTUSVDUPSB EF $BMBG 4"6 .( $IBDÓO XBT đOBODFE CZ B
QPTUEPDUPSBM HSBOU GSPN UIF +VBO EF MB $JFSWB 4VCQSPHSBN +$* BOE CZ UIF SFTFBSDI QSPKFDU )"3 )*45
CPUI XJUI UIF đOBODJBM TQPOTPSTIJQ GSPN UIF 4QBOJTI .JOJTUFSJP EF &DPOPNÎB Z $PNQFUJUJWJEBE .*/&$0
3FGFSFODFT<> <> 7BRVFSP . "MMVÊ & #JTDIPĈ +- #VSKBDIT ' 7BMMWFSEÙ + &OWJSPONFOUBM EFQPTJUJPOBM BOE DVMUVSBM DIBOHFT JO UIF 6QQFS
1MFJTUPDFOF BOE &BSMZ )PMPDFOF ăF $JOHMFSB EFM $BQFMMÓ TFRVFODF $BQFMMBEFT 4QBJO
õVBUFSOBJSF 51
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S " TUVEZ PG UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM RVBESJD TVSGBDF đUUJOH UP NPEFM WBSJBCJMJUZ JO GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF
5BSB $IBQNBO1,2 7JDUPS 4IPMVLIB2,3 4UÊQIBOF -PVSZBO2,4 .BSDFM 3PP[F2 4FSHF 7BO 4JOU +BO2
-BCPSBUPSZ PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE 1SFIJTUPSZ 0% &BSUI BOE )JTUPSZ PG -JGF 3PZBM #FMHJBO *OTUJUVUF PG /BUVSBM 4DJFODFT p -BCPSBUPSZ PG "OBUPNZ #JPNFDIBOJDT BOE 0SHBOPHFOFTJT -"#0
'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF 6OJWFSTJUÊ -JCSF EF #SVYFMMFT 6-#
p
%FQBSUNFOU PG "QQMJFE .BUIFNBUJDT 4UBUF 1PMZUFDIOJDBM 6OJWFSTJUZ 41C416
4BJO p %FQBSUNFOU PG 3BEJPMPHZ 6-#
&SBTNF IPTQJUBM #FMHJVN
/FBOEFSUBM GFNPSB BSF XFMM LOPXO GPS CFJOH MBSHF BOE SPCVTU XJUI MBSHF GFNPSBM IFBET BOE DPOEZMFT MPX BOHMFT CFUXFFO UIF IFBE
BOE OFDL BOE GPS IBWJOH B NBSLFE BOUFSJPS GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF 8IFO UIF đSTU /FBOEFSUBM TLFMFUPO XBT EJTDPWFSFE GFNPSBM DVSWB
UVSF XBT UIPVHIU UP CF EVF UP QBUIPMPHZ 4JODF UIBU UJNF UIFSF IBWF CFFO OVNFSPVT PUIFS EJTDPWFSJFT PG /FBOEFSUBM TLFMFUPOT BMM
TIBSJOH UIF TBNF NBSLFE USBJU TUVEJFT IBWF CFFO DPOEVDUFE PO BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO IVNBOT BNI
BOE GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF JT OPX
TFFO BT B USBJU PG CPUI BNI BOE /FBOEFSUBMT ăJT TUVEZ BOBMZTFE GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF CZ UIF VTF PG UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM %
RVBESJD
TVSGBDFT NPEFMMFE GSPN UIF CPOF TVSGBDF % NPEFMT QSPWJEF EFUBJMFE JOGPSNBUJPO BOE FOBCMF GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF UP CF BOBMZTFE JO
DPOKVODUJPO XJUI PUIFS NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT TVDI BT UPSTJPO DFSWJDPEJBQIZTFBM BOHMF MFOHUI TJ[F BOE QPTJUJPO PG GFNPSBM
IFBE OFDL BOE DPOEZMFT
% NPEFMT XFSF DSFBUFE GSPN $5 TDBOT PG BNI GFNPSB UIF /FBOEFSUBM BOE 4QZ ** GFNVST BOE UIF
MFĕ BOE SJHIU GFNVST GSPN BO BEVMU NBMF CPOPCP "OBUPNJDBM MBOENBSLT "-T
XFSF QBMQBUFE JO BSFBT PG JOUFSFTU OFDL IFBE EJB
QIZTFBM TIBĕ DPOEZMFT
PO UIF GFNVS õVBESJD TVSGBDFT 24
XFSF DSFBUFE GSPN UIF TVSGBDF WFSUJDFT JO UIF BSFBT PG JOUFSFTU QBMQBUFE
CZ UIF "-T ăF EJBQIZTFBM TIBĕ XBT EJWJEFE JOUP đWF 24 TIBQFT BOE DVSWBUVSF XBT NFBTVSFE CZ EFHSFFT PG EJĈFSFODF CFUXFFO
24 TIBQFT &BDI CPOF XBT QMBDFE JO B MPDBM DPPSEJOBUF TZTUFN XIJDI FOBCMFE FBDI CPOF UP CF BOBMZTFE JO UIF TBNF XBZ BOE EF
HSFF PG GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF XBT BOBMZTFE JO DPOKVODUJPO XJUI PUIFS NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT ăFSF XFSF GFX DPSSFMBUJPOT GPVOE
CFUXFFO GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF BOE PUIFS NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT JO BNI ăF 4QZ **
/FBOEFSUBM
BOE CPOPCP
BOE
GFNPSBM DVSWBUVSF XFSF GPVOE UP CF BCPWF UIF BWFSBHF PG BNI SBOHF m
" TUBUJTUJDBM EJĈFSFODF JO
EFHSFF PG DVSWBUVSF XBT GPVOE JO EJĈFSFOU QBSUT PG UIF GFNPSBM TIBĕ XJUI UIF HSFBUFTU EFHSFF PG DVSWBUVSF GPVOE JO UIF EJTUBM QBSU PG
UIF TIBĕ JO BNI BOE /FBOEFSUBMT ăF #POPCP XBT GPVOE UP IBWF UIF IJHIFTU EFHSFF PG DVSWBUVSF JO UIF VQQFS QBSU PG UIF TIBĕ *O
DPODMVTJPO % 24 đUUJOH FOBCMFT UIF DSFBUJPO PG EFUBJMFE % GFNPSBM NPEFMT XIJDI DBO BDDVSBUFMZ EJTDSJNJOBUF CFUXFFO EJĈFSFOU
QBUUFSOT PG TJNJMBS DVSWBUVSFT
52
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B ăF 6TF PG /PO'MJOU -JUIJD 3BX .BUFSJBM JO UIF 'JOBM (SBWFUUJBO "CSJ 1BUBVE MFWFM -BVHFSJF)BVUF
&TU MFWFMT ' BOE -FT 1FZSVHVFT MFWFM -BVSFOU $IJPUUJ1 "OESÊ .PSBMB2 3PMBOE /FTQPVMFU3
.VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF %ÊQBSUFNFOU EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF 6.3 EV $/34 "CSJ 1BUBVE p .VTÊF OBUJPOBM
EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF 1"$&" 6.3 EV $/34 p .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF %ÊQBSUFNFOU EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF 6.3
EV $/34
ăF 'JOBM (SBWFUUJBO MFWFMT #1
GSPN -BVHFSJF)BVUF &TU -FT &Z[JFTEF5BZBD %PSEPHOF
"CSJ 1BUBVE -FT &Z[JFTEF
5BZBD %PSEPHOF
BOE -FT 1FZSVHVFT 0SOJBD -PU
EFMJWFSFE MBSHF RVBOUJUJFT PG OPOĔJOU MJUIJD SBX NBUFSJBMT XIJDI IBE OFWFS
CFFO BOBMZ[FE JO EFUBJM CFGPSF ăFJS TUVEZ SFWFBMFE UIF QSFTFODF PG OVNFSPVT UPPMT BOE B XJEF WBSJFUZ PG SBX NBUFSJBMT VTFE 4JNJ
MBS CFIBWJPST IBWF CFFO JEFOUJđFE JO BMM UISFF TJUFT XJUI UIF VTF PG UIFTF NBUFSJBMT GPS EPNFTUJD BOE TZNCPMJD BDUJWJUJFT %PNFTUJD VTF
.BOZ PG UIF PCKFDUT XFSF VTFE VONPEJđFE BT TUPOF đSFQMBDFT XIJMF PUIFST IBWF CFFO LOBQQFE TIBQFE JOUP UPPMT PS TJNQMZ DPMMFDUFE
*O UIF MBUUFS DBTF JU JT OPU QPTTJCMF UP BTTJHO UIFN B QBSUJDVMBS QVSQPTF ăF QFSDVTTJPO NBUFSJBM JT CFTU SFQSFTFOUFE XJUI IBNNFST
VTFE GPS ĔJOU LOBQQJOH CVU BMTP DSVTIJOH IBNNFST QSPCBCMZ VTFE GPS UIF GSBHNFOUBUJPO PG CPOFT 4NBMM ĔJOU DPSFT XJUI NBOZ USBDFT
PG QFSDVTTJPO XIJDI DPVME IBWF CFFO VTF BT IBNNFST PS CPVDIBSEFT BSF QSFTFOU JO -BVHFSJF)BVUF &TU BOE "CSJ 1BUBVE 4PNF ĔBLF
EFCJUBHFT NBJOMZ JO RVBSU[ BOE RVBSU[JUF BSF BUUFTUFE CVU PUIFS SBSFS UZQFT PG SBX NBUFSJBMT BSF BMTP LOBQQFE $IPQQFST XFSF NBEF
TPNF PG XIJDI XFSF VTFE BT DSVTIJOH IBNNFST 'JOBMMZ TNBMM QFCCMFT VTVBMMZ FMPOHBUFE XJUI WBSJPVT USBDFT BSF NVMUJGVODUJPOBM
PCKFDUT TIPXJOH FWJEFODF PG B HSFBU WBSJFUZ PG VTFT NBMMFUT SFUPVDIFST TNPPUIJOHUPPMT .BOZ DPMMFDUFE QFCCMFT TIPX OP USBDFT
PG VTF *U JT PĕFO QJFDFT XJUI SFNBSLBCMF TIBQFT DPMPST PS NBUFSJBMT 4PNF PG UIFN IBWF QSPCBCMZ CFFO DPMMFDUFE GPS UIFJS BFTUIFUJD
BQQFBSBODF 0UIFS NPSF DPNNPO NBUFSJBMT NBZ IBWF CFFO SFTFSWFT PG VOVTFE SBX NBUFSJBMT 4ZNCPMJD VTF 4PNF QFCCMFT BOE GPTTJMT
IBWF CFFO VTFE BT CMBOLT PG BSU PS BEPSONFOU QFSGPSBUFE TIBQFE FOHSBWFE QJFDFT 4VDI PCKFDUT BSF QSFTFOU POMZ JO -BVHFSJF)BVUF
&TU BOE "CSJ 1BUBVE *O UIJT MBUUFS DBTF UIFZ DPVME IBWF CFFO QBSU PG GVOFSBSZ EFQPTJUT $IJPUUJ FU BM JO QSFTT
"MUIPVHI
UPPMT NBEF PG OPOĔJOU MJUIJD SBX NBUFSJBMT WBSZ WFSZ MJUUMF UISPVHIPVU UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD UIF TJNJMBSJUZ PG UIF PCKFDUT PO UIF
UISFF TJUFT TIPVME CF OPUFE QBSUJDVMBSMZ CFUXFFO "CSJ 1BUBVE BOE -BVHFSJF)BVUF &TU ăJT TJNJMBSJUZ JT BMTP TUSJLJOH DPODFSOJOH
UIF QSPQPSUJPOT CFUXFFO EJĈFSFOU UZQFT PG UPPMT 4P JU TFFNT UIBU UIFTF UPPMT BSF BOPUIFS FMFNFOU JO BEEJUJPO UP NBOZ PUIFS FYJTUJOH
MJUIJD BOE CPOF JOEVTUSJFT CPEZ PSOBNFOU UP DPOđSN UIBU UIF MBZFS PG "CSJ 1BUBVE MBZFST ' BOE PG -BVHFSJF)BVUF
&TU BOE MBZFS PG -FT 1FZSVHVFT DPSSFTQPOE UP UIF TBNF DVMUVSBM QIBTF *O "CSJ 1BUBVE BOE -BVHFSJF)BVUF &TU UIF PCKFDUT VOEFS
TUVEZ TIPX NVDI EJWFSTJđFE VTFT DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP B MBSHF OVNCFS PG EPNFTUJD BOE TZNCPMJD BDUJWJUJFT 0O UIF DPOUSBSZ JO -FT
1FZSVHVFT POMZ TPNF PG UIFTF BDUJWJUJFT BSF QSFTFOU ăJT đUT QFSGFDUMZ UIF JOGPSNBUJPO HJWFO CZ UIF WBSJPVT FYJTUJOH TUVEJFT PO UIFTF
TJUFT 1BUBVE BOE -BVHFSJF)BVUF &TU DPSSFTQPOE UP PDDVQBUJPOT QSPCBCMZ MPOH FOPVHI PS SFDVSSFOU XIJMF -FT 1FZSVHVFT TIPXFE
BMM UIF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG B WFSZ TIPSU PDDVQBUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăF QSFTFOU TUVEZ XBT DPOEVDUFE BT QBSU PG UIF QSPHSBNNFE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM PQFSBUJPO u)VNBO PDDVQBUJPO PG
UIF "CSJ 1BUBVE ZFBST BHPu DPEJSFDUFE CZ 3PMBOE /FTQPVMFU BOE -BVSFOU $IJPUUJ ăJT PQFSBUJPO JT GVOEFE CZ UIF .JOJTUSZ
PG $VMUVSF %3"$ "RVJUBJOF
UIF (FOFSBM $PVODJM PG UIF %PSEPHOF UIF 6.3 PG $/34 UIF %FQBSUNFOU PG 1SFIJTUPSZ
BU UIF /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ BOE UIF /BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI "HFODZ QSPKFDUT "/3 u."%"1$"u u(6&301&u BOE
u"S#P$Pu 8F XPVME MJLF UP BEESFTT PVS UIBOLT UP +FBO+BDRVFT $MFZFU.FSMF EJSFDUPS PG UIF /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG 1SFIJTUPSZ JO -FT
&Z[JFT XIP PQFOFE BDDFTT UP 1FZSPOZ BOE #PSEFT DPMMFDUJPOT GSPN -BVHFSJF)BVUF &TU BOE UP "MMBSE DPMMFDUJPO GSPN -FT 1FZSVHVFT
8F UIBOL BMTP .JDIFM "MMBSE IFBE PG UIF FYDBWBUJPO PG -FT 1FZSVHVFT XIJDI BMMPXFE VT UP BOBMZ[F UIF QFCCMFT PG MFWFM .JDIFM
'BVSF QSPGFTTPS BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 0SMFBOT 1JFSSF -P[PVFU SFTFBSDI FOHJOFFS BU UIF /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ BOE
%JEJFS /ÊSBVEFBV QSPGFTTPS BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3FOOFT IBWF JEFOUJđFE TPNF PG UIF SPDLT BOE GPTTJMT XIJDI XF HSFBUMZ BQQSFDJBUF
53
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S ăF (POB QFMWJT BOE TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN JO )PNP FSFDUVT DPNQBSFE XJUI MJWJOH IPNJOPJET
;BDIBSZ $PGSBO1
/B[BSCBZFW 6OJWFSTJUZ
4JNQTPO FU BM <> BOE 3VĈ <> OPUFE UIBU UIF DB POF NJMMJPO ZFBS PME #4/1 QFMWJT GSPN (POB JG USVMZ ) FSFDUVT JNQMJFT
B TVCTUBOUJBM BNPVOU PG CPEZ TJ[F WBSJBUJPO JO UIJT TQFDJFT 3VĈ TVHHFTUFE UIF TNBMM TQFDJNFO NJHIU DPNF GSPN BO BVTUSBMPQJUI
SBUIFS UIBO ) FSFDUVT CBTFE PO DPNQBSJTPOT PG WBSJBUJPO JO PUIFS IPNJOJOT )PXFWFS OP POF IBT DPNQBSFE UIF BNPVOU PG WBSJB
UJPO JNQMJFE CZ (POB UP UIBU GPVOE JO MJWJOH BQFT UIBU DBO TFSWF BT BMUFSOBUF NPEFMT PG TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN )FSF * UFTU UIF IZQPUIFTJT
UIBU JODMVEJOH UIF (POB QFMWJT JO UIF &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF ) FSFDUVT IZQPEJHN EPFT OPU JODSFBTF CPEZ NBTT EJNPSQIJTN CFZPOE UIBU
PCTFSWFE JO MJWJOH IPNJOPJET #PEZ NBTT JT FTUJNBUFE GSPN GFNVS IFBE EJBNFUFS GPS IVNBOT O
DIJNQBO[FFT O
BOE
HPSJMMBT O
BOE GSPN GFNVS IFBE PS BDFUBCVMVN EJBNFUFS GPS TJY FBSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF )PNP GPTTJMT JO BEEJUJPO UP (POB 5XP SF
TBNQMJOH UFTUT BTTFTT UIF MJLFMJIPPE PG PCTFSWJOH GPTTJMMJLF TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN JO FYUBOU TQFDJFT VOEFS UIF BTTVNQUJPO UIBU (POB JT
B GFNBMF BOE UIF PUIFS GPTTJMT BSF NBMF ăF đSTU UFTU NJNJDT UIF GPTTJM BTTFNCMBHF FTUJNBUJOH IPNJOPJE EJNPSQIJTN CZ SFTBNQMJOH
TJY NBMFT BOE POF GFNBMF XIJMF UIF TFDPOE FTUJNBUFT EJNPSQIJTN CZ SFTBNQMJOH NBMFGFNBMF QBJST 6OEFS UIF đSTU TDFOBSJP UIF
GPTTJM FTUJNBUF PG TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN JT OFWFS Q
SBSFMZ Q
BOE GSFRVFOUMZ Q
SFTBNQMFE JO IVNBOT DIJNQBO[FFT
BOE HPSJMMBT SFTQFDUJWFMZ *O UIF TFDPOE TDFOBSJP BMM QBJSXJTF FTUJNBUFT PG ) FSFDUVT EJNPSQIJTN FYDFQU UIPTF CBTFE PO UIF UXP
TNBMMFTU TQFDJNFOT % BOE ,/.&3 BSF IJHIFS UIBO PG UIF SFTBNQMFE NBMFGFNBMF QBJST PG CPUI IVNBOT BOE
DIJNQBO[FFT *O DPOUSBTU BMM TJY GPTTJM FTUJNBUFT GBMM XJUIJO UIF DPOđEFODF JOUFSWBM PG SFTBNQMFE HPSJMMB QBJST ăFTF SFTVMUT
EFNPOTUSBUF UIBU UIF (POB QFMWJT NBZ XFMM CFMPOH UP ) FSFDUVT CVU POMZ JG UIJT TQFDJFT XBT IJHIMZ EJNPSQIJD * CSJFĔZ EJTDVTT PUIFS
FWJEFODF GPS BOE UIF JNQMJDBUJPOT PG HSFBU TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN JO ) FSFDUVT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * BN HSBUFGVM UP +FSFNZ %F4JMWB BOE )FSNBO 1POU[FS GPS QSPWJEJOH UIF FYUBOU IPNJOPJE EBUB BOE UP 4JNQ
TPO BOE DPMMFBHVFT BOE $ISJT 3VĈ GPS QVCMJTIJOH UIFJS GPTTJM NFBTVSFNFOUT BOE FTUJNBUFT $BSPMJOF 7BO4JDLMF BOE )FSNBO 1POU[FS
QSPWJEFE VTFGVM DPNNFOUT BOE TVHHFTUJPOT JO UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG UIJT TUVEZ
3FGFSFODFT<> 4JNQTPO 48 õVBEF + -FWJO /& #VUMFS 3 %VQPOU/JWFU ( &WFSFUU ." 4FNBX 4 " GFNBMF )PNP FSFDUVT QFMWJT GSPN
(POB &UIJPQJB 4DJFODF <> 4JNQTPO 48 õVBEF + -FWJO /& 4FNBX 4 ăF GFNBMF )PNP QFMWJT GSPN (POB 3FTQPOTF UP
3VĈ + )VN &WPM <> 3VĈ $# #PEZ TJ[F BOE CPEZ TIBQF JO FBSMZ IPNJOJOT JNQMJDBUJPOT PG UIF (POB QFMWJT + )VN &WPM 54
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF )JHIFS $PHOJUJWF 'VODUJPOT PG UIF 3FDFOUMZ &YQBOEFE 1BSJFUBM -PCFT JO )PNP TBQJFOT
'SFEFSJDL $PPMJEHF1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG $PMPSBEP $PMPSBEP 4QSJOHT
"T #SVOFS <> IBT BQUMZ EFNPOTUSBUFE UIBU UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT JO )PNP TBQJFOT BSF FYQBOEFE JO DPNQBSJTPO UP /FBOEFSUBMT BOE )PNP
IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT 0OF DVSJPVT BTQFDU PG UIJT QIFOPNFOPO JT UIBU UIF USBEJUJPOBM QBSJFUBM MPCF GVODUJPO PG UIF CSBJO TPNBUPTFOTPSZ
JOUFHSBUJPO JT UIPVHIU UP CF BNPOH UIF QIZMPHFOFUJDBMMZ PMEFTU GVODUJPOT PG UIF CSBJO )PXFWFS SFTFBSDI QBSUJDVMBSMZ PWFS UIF QBTU
GFX ZFBST PS TP IBT TIPXO UIBU UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT NBZ CF DSJUJDBM UP NBOZ PG UIF IJHIFS DPHOJUJWF GVODUJPOT PG NPEFSO )PNP TBQJFOT
JODMVEJOH JNQPSUBOU BTQFDUT PG XPSLJOH NFNPSZ <> OVNFSPTJUZ BOE BCTUSBDUJPO <> FHPDFOUSJD NFNPSZ <> FQJTPEJD NFNPSZ <>
TFOTF PG TFMG BVUPCJPHSBQIJDBM NFNPSZ BVUPOPFUJD UIJOLJOH BOE QSPTQFDUJWF NFNPSZ *OUFSFTUJOHMZ UIFTF FWPMVUJPOBSZ DIBOHFT JO
UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT JO UIFJS QIFOPUZQJD GVODUJPOT BT PQQPTFE UP UIFJS PSJHJOBM QIFOPUZQJD GVODUJPO TPNBUPTFOTPSZ JOUFHSBUJPO
BSF
LOPXO BT FYBQUBUJPOT BOE FYBQUBUJPOT NBZ IBWF PDDVSSFE JO BMM MPCFT PG UIF NPEFSO CSBJO *O NZ 1FDIB ,VDIB TMJEFT * TIBMM EP
UIF GPMMPXJOH
4IPX UIF QBSJFUBM MPCF FYQBOTJPO JO )PNP TBQJFOT DPNQBSFE UP /FBOEFSUBMT BOE )PNP IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT TMJEFT
%FUBJM UIF NPEFSO OFVSPMPHJDBM TUSVDUVSFT PG UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT *14 QSFDVOFVT JOGFSJPS TUSVDUVSFT FUD TMJEFT
1SFTFOU UIF USBEJUJPOBM GVODUJPO PG UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT TFOTPSZ NPUPS JOUFHSBUJPO TMJEF
%FđOF BEBQUBUJPOT BOE FYBQUBUJPOT TMJEF
1SFTFOU EFđOJUJPOT BOE QBSJFUBM FWJEFODF GPS XPSLJOH NFNPSZ PQFSBUJPOT ,PFOJHT FU BM TMJEF
1SFTFOU UIF QBSJFUBM FWJEFODF BOE EFđOF OVNFSPTJUZ BOE BCTUSBDUJPO $PPMJEHF BOE 0WFSNBOO TMJEFT
%FđOF BOE TIPX UIF QBSJFUBM FWJEFODF GPS FHPDFOUSJD NFNPSZ -BOE TMJEF
%FđOF BOE TIPX UIF QBSJFUBM FWJEFODF GPS FQJTPEJD NFNPSZ "MMFO 'PSUJO TMJEF
1SFTFOU FWJEFODF UIBU B VOJUZ PG TFOTF PG TFMG NBZ CF UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT -PV FU BM TMJEF
%FđOF BOE TIPX UIF QBSJFUBM FWJEFODF GPS BVUPCJPHSBQIJDBM NFNPSZ $BWBOOB 5SJNCMF TMJEFT
%FđOF BOE TIPX BVUPOPFUJD UIJOLJOH JT MJOLFE UP UIF QBSJFUBM MPCFT 5VMWJOH TMJEF
%FđOF BOE TIPX FWJEFODF GPS QBSJFUBM MPCF JOWPMWFNFOU GPS QSPTQFDUJWF NFNPSZ "EEJT FU BM TMJEF
(FOFSBM 4VNNBSZ TMJEF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT $FOUFS GPS $PHOJUJWF "SDIBFPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $PMPSBEP $PMPSBEP 4QSJOHT
3FGFSFODFT<>#SVOFS & 'VODUJPOBM DSBOJPMPHZ IVNBO FWPMVUJPO BOE BOBUPNJDBM DPOTUSBJOUT JO UIF /FBOEFSUBM CSBJODBTF *O 5 "LB[BXB FU BM
FET
%ZOBNJD PG -FBSOJOH JO /FBOEFSUBMT BOE .PEFSO )VNBOT QQ 7PM 5PLZP +BQBO 4QSJOHFS <>,PFOJHT . #BSCFZ " , 1PTUMF #
3 (SBGNBO + 4VQFSJPS QBSJFUBM DPSUFY JT DSJUJDBM GPS UIF NBOJQVMBUJPO PG JOGPSNBUJPO JO XPSLJOH NFNPSZ ăF +PVSOBM PG /FVSPTDJFODF <>$PPMJEHF ' - 0WFSNBOO , " /VNFSPTJUZ BCTUSBDUJPO BOE UIF FWPMVUJPO PG TZNCPMJD UIJOLJOH $VSSFOU "OUISPQPMPHZ
<>-BOE . ' %P XF IBWF BO JOUFSOBM NPEFM PG UIF PVUTJEF XPSME 1IJMPTPQIJDBM 5SBOTBDUJPO PG UIF 3PZBM 4PDJFUZ # IUUQEYEPJPSHSTUC <>"MMFO 5 " 'PSUJO / + ăF FWPMVUJPO PG FQJTPEJD NFNPSZ 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF
/BUJPOBM "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT XXXQOBTPSHDHJEPJQOBT
55
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 4UBSDI UBQIPOPNZ PO TUPOF UPPMT DPOTJEFSJOH BOUISPQPHFOJD BMUFSBUJPOT DMJNBUF BOE TPJM DIFNJTUSZ
$ZOUIJBOOF %FCPOP 4QJUFSJ1 ăPNBT #ÛEFM1 "OUKF )VUTDIFOSFVUIFS1 4JNPOF 4DINJEU1 +ÕSH 8BU[LF1 "NBOEB )FOSZ 1
.BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ
%JFUBSZ QBUUFSOT PG BODJFOU DPNNVOJUJFT IBWF PĕFO CFFO SFDPOTUSVDUFE UISPVHI UIF TUVEZ PG TUBSDI HSBOVMFT SFDPWFSFE GSPN BSDIBF
PMPHJDBM DPOUFYUT 4UBSDI HSBOVMFT BSF LOPXO UP TVSWJWF PWFS MPOH UJNFTDBMFT JO QSPUFDUJWF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPOUFYUT TVDI BT XJUIJO UIF
DSBDLT BOE DSFWJDFT PO UIF TVSGBDFT PG TUPOF UPPMT <FH > BOE JO UIF NBUSJY PG EFOUBM DBMDVMVT < > 4FWFSBM QIZTJDBM BOE DIFNJDBM
QSPDFTTFT NBZ MFBE UP TUBSDI HSBOVMFT CFDPNJOH EBNBHFE BOE EFTUSPZFE JO QBSUJDVMBS EVSJOH DPPLJOH BOE QSPDFTTJOH <FH > BOE
UIFJS TVSWJWBM QPUFOUJBM JT BMTP FTQFDJBMMZ WVMOFSBCMF UP QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM UBQIPOPNJD QSPDFTTFT 8F BSF DVSSFOUMZ DBSSZJOH PVU FYQFS
JNFOUBM XPSL UP TUVEZ DIBOHFT UP UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG TUBSDI BT B GBDUPS PG UJNF BT XFMM BT RVBOUJUBUJWF WBSJBUJPO BT B SFTVMU PG EFDBZ
EVSJOH CVSJBM 'PS UIJT QVSQPTF XF IBWF TFFEFE ĔJOU UPPMT XJUI UISFF WBSJFUJFT PG TUBSDIFT XIFBU QPUBUP BOE DBUUBJM
VTJOH CPUI
OBUJWF BOE DPPLFE TUBSDIFT BOE CVSJFE UIFN JO EJĈFSFOU FOWJSPONFOUBM BOE DMJNBUJD DPOUFYUT UIBU NJNJD UIPTF GPVOE BU BSDIBFP
MPHJDBM TJUFT GPS B QFSJPE PG UISFF ZFBST 0OF PG UIF NBJO BJNT PG UIJT TUVEZ JT UP IFMQ QSFEJDU FOWJSPONFOUT JO XIJDI XF TIPVME FYQFDU
UP TFF HPPE TUBSDI QSFTFSWBUJPO &YPHFOPVT DPOUBNJOBUJPO JT CFJOH DMPTFMZ NPOJUPSFE UISPVHI UIF CVSJBM PG VOUSFBUFE ĔJOU UPPMT
BOE BOBMZTJT PG TPJM UBLFO GSPN UIF CVSJBM DPOUFYU ăF TVSSPVOEJOH WFHFUBUJPO IBT BMTP CFFO EPDVNFOUFE BOE UIF TUBSDI DPOUFOU
PG JOEJWJEVBM QMBOU WBSJFUJFT BOBMZTFE "OBMZTJT JT CFJOH DBSSJFE PVU VTJOH QPMBSJTFE MJHIU NJDSPTDPQZ 3FTVMUT QFSUBJOJOH UP DIBOHFT
JO TUBSDI NPSQIPMPHZ BOE RVBOUJUZ BSF JOUFSQSFUFE JO MJHIU PG IPX EJĈFSFOU QBSBNFUFST JO TPJM DIFNJTUSZ JODMVEJOH UFNQFSBUVSF
Q) OVUSJFOU BOE NJOFSBM DPOUFOU XBUFS BWBJMBCJMJUZ BOE NPWFNFOU BOE CBDUFSJBM MPBE BĈFDU UIF QSFTFSWBUJPO PG TUBSDIFT VOEFS
EJĈFSFOU DMJNBUJD DPOEJUJPOT ăF TJUFT DIPTFO BT CVSJBM DPOUFYUT DPNQSJTFE EJĈFSFOU HFPMPHJDBM GPSNBUJPOT JODMVEJOH NFBEPXT
IJMMTJEFT B DBWF TJUF B GPSFTU BOE B QFBU CPH BOE BSF MPDBUFE JO EJĈFSFOU &VSPQFBO DMJNBUJD [POFT )FSF XF QSFTFOU PVS PCTFSWBUJPOT
BĕFS POF ZFBS PG CVSJBM 3FTVMUT TIPX B SFNBSLBCMF MPTT PG TUBSDI PWFS UIJT UJNF QFSJPE FTQFDJBMMZ JO TJUFT XJUI B OFVUSBM
BOE BMLBMJOF Q) NFBTVSFNFOUT 4JUFT XJUI BDJEJD Q) MFWFMT FH QFBU CPH BOE GPSFTU
BOE CVSJBM DPOUFYUT MPDBUFE JO NPSF TIFMUFSFE
FOWJSPONFOUT FH DBWF
TIPXFE TMJHIUMZ JODSFBTFE TUBSDI QSFTFSWBUJPO *OEFFE Q) MFWFMT IBWF B EJSFDU FĈFDU PO NJDSPCJBM MPBE BOE
BDUJWJUZ XIJDI XBT PCTFSWFE UP CF B NBKPS GBDUPS JOĔVFODJOH TUBSDI QSFTFSWBUJPOMPTT *U JT IZQPUIFTJ[FE UIBU UIF IJHI QFSDFOUBHF
PG TUBSDI MPTT BĕFS KVTU POF ZFBS PG CVSJBM DPVME CF JOEJDBUJWF PG BO JOJUJBMMZ JODSFBTFE SBUF PG EFDBZ PG UIF FBTJMZ BDDFTTJCMF TUBSDI
XIJDI NBZ QMBUFBV JO TVCTFRVFOU ZFBST BT MFTT TUBSDI JT BWBJMBCMF BT TVCTUSBUF 'VSUIFS JOUFHSBUJPO PG UIF SFTVMUT PWFS UIF OFYU ZFBST
XJMM CFUUFS FYQMBJO UIF WBSJPVT JOĔVFODFT PO TUBSDI QSFTFSWBUJPO CSPVHIU BCPVU CZ EJĈFSFOU TPJM DIFNJTUSJFT TJUF UZQFT BOE DMJNBUF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT .BY 1MBODL 4PDJFUZ JT UIBOLFE GPS GVOEJOH
3FGFSFODFT<> 1JQFSOP %3 8FJTT 3 )PMTU * BOE /BEFM % 1SPDFTTJOH PG XJME DFSFBM HSBJOT JO UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD SFWFBMFE CZ TUBSDI HSBJO
BOBMZTJT /BU <> )BSEZ , #VDLMFZ 4 $PMMJOT .+ &TUBMSSJDI " #SPUIXFMM % $PQFMBOE - (BSDÎB7BSHBT 4 EF MB 3BTJMMB .
-BMVF[B'PY $ )VHVFU 3 #BTUJS . 4BOUBNBSÎB % .BEFMMB . 8JMTPO + 'FSOÃOEF[ $PSUÊ[ " BOE 3PTBT " /FBOEFSUIBM NFEJDT
&WJEFODF GPS GPPE DPPLJOH BOE NFEJDJOBM QMBOUT FOUSBQQFE JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT /BUXJTT <> )FOSZ "( #SPPLT "4 1JQFSOP %3
.JDSPGPTTJMT JO DBMDVMVT EFNPOTUSBUF DPOTVNQUJPO PG QMBOUT BOE DPPLFE GPPET JO /FBOEFSUIBM EJFUT 4IBOJEBS *** *SBR 4QZ * BOE ** #FMHJVN
1
/BUM "DBE 4DJ 64" m <> )FOSZ "( )VETPO )' BOE 1JQFSOP %3 $IBOHFT JO TUBSDI HSBJO NPSQIPMPHJFT GSPN DPPLJOH +
"SDIBFPM 4DJ <> $SPXUIFS " ăF EJĈFSFOUJBM TVSWJWBM PG OBUJWF TUBSDI EVSJOH DPPLJOH BOE JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT B
SFWJFX + "SDIBFPM "OUISPQPM 4DJ 56
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B .PEFMJOH 1PQVMBUJPO %ZOBNJDT PG UIF -BUF /FBOEFSUIBM 4VCHSPVQT
"OOB %FHJPBOOJ1 $ISJTUPQIF #POFOGBOU2 4JMWBOB $POEFNJ3
".6 $/34 .$$ -BCPSBUPJSF .ÊEJUFSSBOÊFO EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF &VSPQF "GSJRVF 6.3 'SBODF p 6.3
-BCPSBUPJSF #JPNÊUSJF FU #JPMPHJF WPMVUJWF 6OJWFSTJUÊ $MBVEF #FSOBSE -ZPO 'SBODF p 6.3 "%&4 "OUISPQPMPHJF
#JPDVMUVSFMMF %SPJU &UIJRVF FU 4BOUÊ $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ E"JY.BSTFJMMF &'4 $/34 'BDVMUÊ EF .ÊEFDJOF 'SBODF
/FBOEFSUIBM JT B UZQJDBM &VSPQFBO .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD IPNJOJE UIBU EJTBQQFBSFE BU BSPVOE ZFBST #1 SFQMBDFE BMUIPVHI JO
TPNF DBTFT JOUFSCSFE <> CZ NPEFSO IVNBOT ăF EFNJTF PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBMT JT PĕFO BTTPDJBUFE XJUI B EFNPHSBQIJD DSJTJT UIF
DBVTFT PG XIJDI BSF TUSPOHMZ EFCBUFE %FNPHSBQIJD EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT TVSWJWBM BOE GFDVOEJUZ
SBUF UJNJOH PG NBUVSBUJPO
NBZ IBWF DPOUSJCVUFE UP UIJT EFNJTF ăF BJN PG PVS TUVEZ JT UP UFTU VTJOH B NPEFMJOH BQQSPBDI UIF
IZQPUIFTJT UIBU UIF /FBOEFSUIBM QPQVMBUJPO XBT BMSFBEZ EFNPHSBQIJDBMMZ XFBLFOFE PS FOEBOHFSFE XIFO NPEFSO IVNBOT BSSJWFE
JO &VSPQF 8F BQQMZ NFUIPET JTTVFE GSPN BOJNBM FDPMPHZ JO PSEFS UP CBDLDBTU UIF QBTU QPQVMBUJPO EZOBNJDT PG /FBOEFSUIBMT *O
QBSUJDVMBS XF VTFE UIF -FTMJF NBUSJY XIJDI SFRVJSFT UIF LOPXMFEHF PG UIF TVSWJWBM BOE UIF GFSUJMJUZ SBUFT GPS FBDI BHF HSPVQ ăFTF
EFNPHSBQIJD SBUFT BSF VOLOPXO GPS UIF /FBOEFSUIBMT 8F đSTU DIPTF BWFSBHF WBMVFT PG EFNPHSBQIJD SBUFT CBTFE PO UIF JOUFSTQFDJđD
PCTFSWBUJPO PO MBSHF NBNNBMT BOE PUIFS QSJNBUFT BOE UIFO BEKVTUFE WBMVFT DPNQBUJCMF XJUI B TUBCMF QPQVMBUJPO TJ[F GSPN #1 VOUJM JUT EFNJTF BU BSPVOE #1 <> (FOFUJD <> BOE NPSQIPMPHJDBM EBUB <> TVQQPSU UIF IZQPUIFTJT UIBU UIF MBUF /FBO
EFSUIBM QPQVMBUJPO XBT QSPCBCMZ EJWJEFE JOUP BU MFBTU JOUP UISFF HFPHSBQIJDBM TVCHSPVQT POF DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP TPVUIFSO &VSPQF B
TFDPOE UP DFOUSBM &VSPQF BOE UIJSE UP FBTUFSO &VSPQF BOE "TJB 8F UIFSFGPSF TUBSUFE XJUI JOJUJBM TJ[F PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBM QPQVMB
UJPO BU BQQSPYJNBUFMZ JOEJWJEVBMT <> 4FWFSBM TJNQMF TDFOBSJPT IBWF CFFO UFTUFE UISFF TVCHSPVQT IBWJOH UIF TBNF OVNCFS
PG QFPQMF PS EJĈFSFOU JOJUJBM TJ[FT JODMVEJOH B TVCHSPVQ DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP DFOUSBM &VSPQF XJUI B MBSHFS TJ[F
UISFF TVCHSPVQT UIBU
CFDBNF FYUJODU FJUIFS BU UIF TBNF UJNF PS POF BĕFS BOPUIFS UIF đSTU JO FBTUFSO BOE UIF MBTU JO TPVUIFSO &VSPQF
BMM UIF TVCHSPVQT
BSF FOEPHBNPVT PS TIBSFE MJNJUFE JOUFSCSFFEJOH CFUXFFO TVCHSPVQT 8F BMTP UFTUFE NPSF DPNQMFY TDFOBSJPT FH UISFF TVCHSPVQT
PG EJĈFSFOU JOJUJBM TJ[FT UIBU EJTBQQFBSFE BU EJĈFSFOU UJNFT BOE QSFTFOU TPNF EFHSFF PG FYPHBNZ
ăF SFTVMUT PG PVS NPEFMT JOEJDBUF
UIBU TNBMM DIBOHFT JO GFSUJMJUZ BOE TVSWJWBM SBUFT DBVTFE CZ BOZ FOWJSPONFOUBM GBDUPST TVDI BT DMJNBUF GPPE SFTPVSDFT BSF TVċDJFOU
UP BDDPVOU GPS UIF EJTBQQFBSBODF PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBM QPQVMBUJPO ZFU UIJT EPFT OPU QSFDMVEF UIF GBDU UIBU UIF BSSJWBM PG NPEFSO IV
NBOT NJHIU IBWF GBDJMJUBUFE UIFJS EFNJTF
3FGFSFODFT<> $POEFNJ 4 .PVOJFS " (JVOUJ 1 -BSJ . $BSBNFMMJ % -POHP - 1PTTJCMF JOUFSCSFFEJOH JO MBUF *UBMJBO /FBOEFSUIBMT /FX
EBUB GSPN UIF .F[[FOB +BX .POUF -FTTJOJ 7FSPOB *UBMZ
1-P4 0/& F <> %FHJPBOOJ " #POOFOGBOU $ $POEFNJ 4 ăF
EJTBQQFBSBODF PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBMT BO BOBMZTJT UISPVHI EFNPHSBQIJD QBSBNFUFST NPEFMJOH 1&4)& <> 'BCSF 7 $POEFNJ 4 %FHJPBOOJ "
(FOFUJD FWJEFODF PG HFPHSBQIJDBM HSPVQT BNPOH /FBOEFSUIBMT 1-P4 0/& F <> $POEFNJ 4 ăF /FBOEFSUIBM GSPN -F .PVTUJFS
BOE &VSPQFBO /FBOEFSUIBM 7BSJBCJMJUZ JO ) 6MMSJDI &ET
ăF /FBOEFSUBM "EPMFTDFOU -F .PVTUJFS m /FX "TQFDUT /FX 3FTVMUTi #FSMJOFS #FJUSÅHF
[VS 7PS VOE 'SÛIHFTDIJDIUF QQ <> #PDRVFU "QQFM + 1 %FHJPBOOJ " /FBOEFSUIBM EFNPHSBQIJD FTUJNBUFT $VSSFOU "OUISPQPMPHZ
8FOOFS(SFFO TVQQMFNFOU /4 j "MUFSOBUJWF 1BUIXBZT UP $PNQMFYJUZ v 44
57
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B /FBOEFSUIBM MBOEVTF JOGFSSFE GSPN UIF %JTDPJE MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ BU (SPUUB EJ 'VNBOF VOJU "
%BWJEF %FMQJBOP1 .BSDP 1FSFTBOJ1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 'FSSBSB
4UVEJFT BOE NPEFMT PG UIF XBZ /FBOEFSUIBM HSPVQT VTJOH %JTDPJE UFDIOPMPHZ PSHBOJ[FE UIFJS FDPOPNZ BOE MBOEVTF BSF TQBSTF JO
&VSPQF 'PS JOTUBODF DZDMJDBM BOE TFBTPOBM SFTJEFOUJBM NPWFNFOUT XIFSF JOGFSSFE JO 4PVUI8FTUFSO 'SBODF GSPN EBUB BCPVU UIF
FYQMPJUBUJPO PG NJHSBUPSZ VOHVMBUFT MJLF #JTPO BOE )PSTF TIPXJOH EJĈFSFODF XJUI UIF -FWBMMPJT TZTUFN NPSF UBSHFUFE UP UIF FY
QMPJUBUJPO PG MFTT NJHSBUPSZ TQFDJFT %FMBHOFT BOE 3FOEV *O .FEJUFSSBOFBO &VSPQF EBUB BSF FWFO TDBOUJFS UIBO JO PUIFS
[POFT PG &VSPQF 8JUI UIF BJN UP BDIJFWF OFX FWJEFODF PO MBOEVTF QBUUFSOT GPS GVUVSF DPNQBSJTPOT CFUXFFO UIFTF UXP UFDIOP
MPHJDBM TZTUFNT B DPNQMFUF TUVEZ PG PWFS ĔBLFE TUPOFT DPNQPTJOH UIF BTTFNCMBHF BU MBZFS " BU (SPUUB EJ 'VNBOF UIF OPSUI
PG *UBMZ 1FSFTBOJ %FMQJBOP IBT CFFO DBSSJFE PVU 3FEVDUJPO TFRVFODFT IBWF CFFO CSPBEMZ SFDPOTUSVDUFE GPS FBDI
NBJO HSPVQ PG ĔJOU VTJOH UFDIOPUZQPMPHJDBM DBUFHPSJFT PG BSUJGBDUT IBWJOH FDPOPNJD WBMVF XJUIJO UIF SFEVDUJPO TFRVFODF 3FTVMUT
SFWFBM B EJĈFSFODF JO UIF XBZ UIF SBX NBUFSJBM TPVSDFT XFSF FYQMPJUFE ăF MBSHFTU CVML PG ĔJOU DPNFT GSPN FYQPTVSFT BOE TUSFBN
HSBWFMT JO QSPYJNJUZ PG UIF TJUF XIJMF B TNBMMFS DPOUSJCVUJPO JT QSPWJEFE GSPN TFNJMPDBM BOE BMMPDUPOPVT TPVSDFT 'MJOU PG WBSJBCMF
RVBMJUZ MBSHFMZ BWBJMBCMF MPDBMMZ GSPN $SFUBDFPVT MJNFTUPOFT XBT JOUSPEVDFE BU B SBX TUBUF BOE DPNQMFUFMZ SFEVDFE PO TJUF BT BMTP
TIPXO GSPN UIF SFNBSLBCMF EJTDPWFSZ PG B MJUIJD XPSLTIPQ SFđUUFE PG PWFS GPVSUZ QJFDFT SFDPSEJOH QIBTFT GSPN EFDPSUJDBUJPO UP GVMM
QSPEVDUJPO PG ĔBLFT 4VSQSJTJOHMZ TFNJMPDBM NBUFSJBMT XIJDI SFQSFTFOU UIF PG UIF FOUJSF BTTFNCMBHF TIPX GSBHNFOUBUJPO PG
UIF SFEVDUJPO TFRVFODF 0OF UZQF XBT CSPVHIU JOUP UIF DBWF JO UIF GPSN PG UIJDL ĔBLFT UIFO FYQMPJUFE BT DPSFĔBLFT GPS QSPEVD
JOH i,PNCFXBu UZQF ĔBLFT BOE QTFVEP-FWBMMPJT QPJOUT "OPUIFS UZQF XBT JOUSPEVDFE JO UIF GPSN PG QBSUJBMMZ EFDPSUJDBUFE TNBMM
CMPDLT UIFO FYQMPJUFE BT DFOUSJQFUF DPSFT GPS EFUBDIJOH ĔBLFT BOE GFX QPJOUT 'JOBMMZ GFX BMMPDUPOPVT NBUFSJBMT JOUSPEVDFE
MJLF đOJTIFE QSPEVDUT PS FWFO TNBMM QPSUBCMF DPSFT SFWFBM UIF QSFTFODF PG HSPVQT PS JOEJWJEVBMT FRVJQQFE XJUI QPSUBCMF UPPMLJUT
DPOOFDUJOH [POFT PWFS LN GBS QPTTJCMZ UIF -PNCBSE 1SFBMQT PS UIF &NJMJBO "QFOOJOFT 'SPN UIFTF EBUB XF BTTVNF UIBU /FBO
EFSUIBMT CFBSJOH %JTDPJE UFDIOPMPHZ FYQMPJUFE ĔJOU BWBJMBCMF JO MBSHF QBUDIFT PG MBOE BDDPSEJOHMZ UP B CBMBODF CFUXFFO USBOTQPSU
DPTUT BOE VUJMJUZ MJLF PUIFS HSPVQT CFBSJOH GPS JOTUBODF -FWBMMPJT UFDIOPMPHZ 1PSSB[ BOE 1FSFTBOJ #FTJEFT BU 'VNBOF OP
QBSUJDVMBS EJĈFSFODF CFUXFFO -FWBMMPJT BOE %JTDPJE GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHFT BSF SFWFBMFE 3PNBOEJOJ FU BM (SPVQT XFSF UIVT
DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ MPHJTUJDBM QBUUFSOT PG NPCJMJUZ DPOUSBSZ UP B HFOFSBM WJFX XIJDI DPOTJEFST %JTDPJE UFDIOPMPHZ B XBZ GPS FYQMPJUJOH
SFTPVSDFT PQQPSUVOJTUJDBMMZ
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 3FTFBSDI BU 'VNBOF JT DPPSEJOBUFE CZ UIF 'FSSBSB 6OJWFSTJUZ JO UIF GSBNFXPSL PG B QSPKFDU TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF
*UBMJBO .JOJTUSZ PG $VMUVSF 7FOFUP "SDIBFPMPHJDBM )FSJUBHF QVCMJD JOTUJUVUJPOT -FTTJOJB .PVOUBJO $PNNVOJUZ 3FHJPOBM /BU
VSBM 1BSL 'VNBOF .VOJDJQBMJUZ 7FOFUP 3FHJPO %FQBSUNFOU GPS $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHF
3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUJPOT .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF
GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ
BOE QSJWBUF BTTPDJBUJPOT BOE DPNQBOJFT
3FGFSFODFT<> %FMBHOFT " 3FOEV 8 4IJĕT JO /FBOEFSUBMT NPCJMJUZ .PVTUFSJBO UFDIOPMPHJDBM BOE TVCTJTUFODF TUSBUFHJFT JO 8FTUFSO 'SBODF
+PVSOBM PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <> %FMQJBOP % $BUFOF PQFSBUJWF F GSB[JPOBNFOUJ 3JTVMUBUJ EB VOP TUVEJP UFDOPFDPOPNJDP
EFMMJOEVTUSJB %JTDPJEF EJ (SPUUB EJ 'VNBOF .BTUFS %JTTFFSUBUJPO JO õVBUFSOBSZ 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE "SDIBFPMPHZ <> 1FSFTBOJ . -B WBSJBCJMJUÊ EV
EÊCJUBHF %JTDPÐEF EBOT MB (SPUUF EF 'VNBOF *UBMJF EV OPSE
1BMÊP <> 1PSSB[ ( 1FSFTBOJ . 0DDVQBUJPOT EV UFSSJUPJSF FU
FYQMPJUBUJPO EFT NBUJÍSFT QSFNJÍSFT QSÊTFOUBUJPO FU EJTDVTTJPO TVS MB NPCJMJUÊ EFT HSPVQFT IVNBJOT BV 1BMÊPMJUIJRVF NPZFO EBOT MF OPSEFTU EF M*UBMJF
*O #SFTTZ $ #VSLF " $IBMBSE 1 -BDPNCF 4 .BSUJO ) &ET /PUJPOT EF UFSSJUPJSF FU EF NPCJMJUÊ &YFNQMFT EF M&VSPQF FU EFT QSFNJÍSFT OBUJPOT FO
"NÊSJRVF EV OPSE BWBOU MF DPOUBDU FVSPQÊFO °3"6- QQ <> 3PNBOEJOJ . /BOOJOJ / 5BHMJBDP[[P " 1FSFTBOJ . ăF VOHVMBUF
BTTFNCMBHF GSPN MBZFS " BU (SPUUB EJ 'VNBOF *UBMZ B [PPBSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPOUSJCVUJPO UP UIF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG /FBOEFSUIBM FDPMPHZ õVBUFSOBSZ
*OUFSOBUJPOBM %PJ KRVBJOU
58
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B )VNBO BOE $BQSJOF SFNBJOT GSPN -FPQBSE $BWF &SPOHP /BNJCJB
4PVUIFSO "GSJDB CFGPSF BOE BĕFS
UIF JOUSPEVDUJPO PG QBTUPSBMJTU QSBDUJDFT
'MPSFOU %ÊUSPJU1 %BWJE 1MFVSEFBV1 +PTÊQIJOF -FTVS2 "OUPJOF ;B[[P2 "O[FM 7FMENBO3 +FBO+BDRVFT #BIBJO 1 .BMFCPHP
.WJNJ4 .BSJPO $IBMBNPO5 .BUUIJFV -FCPO1 &VHÍOF .BSBJT6
%FQU 1SÊIJTUPJSF 6.3 .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF p %FQU &DPMPHJF FU (FTUJPO EF MB #JPEJWFSTJUÊ 6.3
.VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG +PIBOOFTCVSH %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE %FWFMPQNFOU
4UVEJFT p *OUFSOBUJPOBM .BTUFS JO õVBUFSOBSZ BOE 1SFIJTUPSZ .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF p .BTUFS &WPMVUJPO
1BUSJNPJOF /BUVSFM FU 4PDJÊUÊT TQÊDJBMJUÊ iõVBUFSOBJSF 1SÊIJTUPJSFu .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF p /BUJPOBM
.VTFVN PG /BNJCJB
ăF UJNJOH BOE QSPDFTT PG UIF PSJHJO PG QBTUPSBMJTN JO 4PVUIFSO "GSJDB JT B NVDI EFCBUFE RVFTUJPO 7FSZ SFDFOUMZ TVCTUBOUJBM BE
WBODFT IBWF CFFO NBEF JO UIF VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF HFOFUJD NBLFVQ PG MPDBM IVNBO HSPVQT ăF SFTVMUT TIPX B SJDI BOE DPNQMFY
IJTUPSZ PG NJHSBUJPO BOE BENJYUVSF FWFOUT FTQFDJBMMZ BSPVOE ZST BHP UIF QPTTJCMF UJNF PG BSSJWBM PG QBTUPSBMJTU QSBDUJDFT JO UIF
SFHJPO TFF GPS JOTUBODF <> BOE <>
)PXFWFS UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF SFMBUFE UP UIJT NBKPS DVMUVSBM BOE CFIBWJPSBM USBOTJUJPO
SFNBJOT TDBSDF -PDBUFE JO UIF &SPOHP .PVOUBJOT JO /BNJCJB UIF TJUF PG -FPQBSE $BWF ZJFMEFE UIF FBSMJFTU FWJEFODF PG EPNFTUJDBUFE
BOJNBMT LOPXO TP GBS JO 4PVUIFSO "GSJDB <> &YDBWBUFE TJODF UIF TUSBUJHSBQIZ PG -FPQBSE $BWF EPDVNFOUT TFWFO TFEJNFO
UPMPHJDBM -BZFST SFDPSEJOH -4" IVNBO PDDVQBUJPO GSPN DB $BM #1 UP DB $BM #1 ăF FMFNFOUT SFDPWFSFE GSPN UIF
BSDIBFPMPHJDBM MBZFST JODMVEF BCVOEBOU MJUIJD GBVOBM BOE DIBSDPBMT SFNBJOT BT XFMM BT WFSZ GFX TNBMM QPUTIFSET "NPOH UIFN B
TNBMM CVU TJHOJđDBOU OVNCFS PG SFNBJOT TFDVSFMZ JEFOUJđFE BT $BQSJOF UXP UFFUI BOE B QPSUJPO PG NBOEJCMF XJUI UFFUI
IBWF CFFO
GPVOE JO MBZFST BOE )PXFWFS UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BTTFNCMBHFT PG UIFTF MBZFST DMFBSMZ TIPX UIBU EVSJOH UIJT UJNF QFSJPE UIF JOIBC
JUBOUT PG UIF TIFMUFS SFMJFE QSFEPNJOBOUMZ PO IVOUJOH BOE HBUIFSJOH 5XP PG UIFTF SFNBJOT IBWF CFFO EJSFDUMZ EBUFE UP BOE
$BM #1 ăFTF BHFT JOEJDBUF EPNFTUJDBUFT XFSF QSFTFOU JO UIF BSFB XFMM CFGPSF UIF BSSJWBM PG #BOUVTQFBLJOH QPQVMBUJPOT
)PXFWFS JU JT TUJMM VODMFBS JG UIF PSJHJO PG UIFTF EPNFTUJDBUFE BOJNBMT JT MJOLFE UP UIF BSSJWBM PG OFX IFSEFST iQSPUP ,IPFLIPFu
PS
UP B QSPDFTT PG DVMUVSBM EJĈVTJPO PG IFSEJOH QSBDUJDFT BNPOH BVUPDIUIPOPVT IVOUFSHBUIFSFST *O UIJT SFTFBSDI DPOUFYU UIF EJTDPWFSZ
JO PG B TFSJFT PG IVNBO SFNBJOT BU -FPQBSE $BWF JT IJHIMZ SFMFWBOU %JTDPWFSFE JO UIF FYDBWBUJPO TRVBSFT PQFOFE JO UIF BSFB
MPDBUFE KVTU JO GSPOU PG UIF TIFMUFS UIFTF IVNBO SFNBJOT DPSSFTQPOE UP TFWFSBM DSBOJBM GSBHNFOUT GSPN UIF TLVMMDBQ VQQFS GBDF BOE
NBOEJCMF
BOE B GFX QPTUDSBOJBM CPOFT PG B TJOHMF JOEJWJEVBM "MM UIF IVNBO CPOFT XFSF DPNQMFUFMZ DPWFSFE CZ B DPBU PG DBMDJVN
DBSCPOBUF "ĕFS DMFBOJOH JU BQQFBST UIBU BMM PG UIFN BSF CVSOU BOE TPNF QSFTFOUT TFSJFT PG DVUNBSLT 8IJMF UIF BDUVBM BOBUPNJDBM
DPOOFDUJPOT PG UIF CPOFT XFSF OPU QSFTFSWFE UIFJS QPTJUJPOT XPVME JOEJDBUF B QSJNBSZ QPTJUJPO GPS UIF TLVMM BOE QPTTJCMZ B GVOFSBSZ
TUSVDUVSF ăF FYUFOTJPO PG UIF FYDBWBUJPO UP UIF BEKBDFOU BSFB XJMM CF VOEFSUBLFO JO +VOF BOE JU JT FYQFDUFE UIBU JU XJMM QSPWJEF
NPSF FMFNFOUT BOE EBUB UIBU XJMM BMMPX DPOđSNJOH PS SFKFDUJOH UIF IZQPUIFTJT PG B QSJNBSZ CVSJBM 5XP EJSFDU SBEJPDBSCPO EBUFT
SFDFOUMZ PCUBJOFE GSPN POF TLVMM GSBHNFOU HBWF DPOTJTUFOU BHFT PG DB ZFBST DBM #1 UIVT QSFEBUJOH UIF FBSMJFTU PDDVSSFODF
PG DBQSJOFT SFDPWFSFE GSPN UIF TJUF VOUJM OPX "DDPSEJOHMZ UIFTF SFNBJOT NPTU QSPCBCMZ EPDVNFOU UIF IVNBO HSPVQT XIJDI XFSF
JOIBCJUJOH -FPQBSE $BWF QSJPS UP UIF JOUSPEVDUJPO PG EPNFTUJDBUFT JO UIF SFHJPO #FDBVTF PG UIF TDBSDJUZ PG IVNBO SFNBJOT PG UIJT
BOUJRVJUZ JO /BNJCJB BOE CFDBVTF PG UIFJS SFNBSLBCMF GFBUVSFT CVSOU DVUNBSLT
UIFZ BSF PG QSJNBSZ JOUFSFTU JO EPDVNFOUJOH UIF
CJPMPHJDBM BOE DVMUVSBM
JEFOUJUZ PG UIF QSFQBTUPSBM HSPVQT JOIBCJUJOH UIF SFHJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT XPSL CFOFđUFE GSPN UIF đOBODJBM TVQQPSU PG -BC&Y "/3-"#9#$%JW 'SFODI .JOJTUSZ
PG 'PSFJHO "ĈBJST BOE *OUFSOBUJPOBM %FWFMPQNFOU .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF #23 BOE "5. QSPHSBNT
8F BMTP
UIBOL UIF PXOFS PG UIF 0NBOEVNCB 8FTU GBSN .S 3VTU BOE IJT GBNJMZ
3FGFSFODFT<> #SFUPO ( 4DIMFCVTDI $. -PNCBSE . 4KÕEJO 1 4PPEZBMM ) +BLPCTTPO . -BDUBTF 1FSTJTUFODF "MMFMFT 3FWFBM 1BSUJBM &BTU
"GSJDBO "ODFTUSZ PG 4PVUIFSO "GSJDBO ,IPF 1BTUPSBMJTUT $VSSFOU #JPMPHZ m <> .BDIPMEU & -FEF 7 #BSCJFSJ $ .QPMPLB 48 $IFO
) 4MBULJO . 1BLFOEPSG # 4UPOFLJOH . 5SBDJOH 1BTUPSBMJTU .JHSBUJPOT UP 4PVUIFSO "GSJDB XJUI -BDUBTF 1FSTJTUFODF "MMFMFT $VSSFOU #JPMPHZ
m <> 1MFVSEFBV % *NBMXB & %ÊUSPJU ' -FTVS + 7FMENBO " #BIBJO ++ .BSBJT & i0G 4IFFQ BOE .FOu &BSMJFTU %JSFDU
&WJEFODF PG $BQSJOF %PNFTUJDBUJPO JO 4PVUIFSO "GSJDB BU -FPQBSE $BWF &SPOHP /BNJCJB
1-P4 0/& F
59
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF (SPUUB EJ $BMB EFJ (FOPWFTJ m /FX TUVEJFT PO UIF *DF "HF DBWF BSU PO 4JDJMZ
(JBOQJFSP EJ .BJEB1 4FCBTUJBOP 5VTB2 "OESFBT 1BTUPPST1 )FOOZ 1JF[POLB3 (FSE$ISJTUJBO 8FOJHFS 1 ăPNBT
5FSCFSHFS4
/FBOEFSUIBM .VTFVN .FUUNBOO p 4PQSJOUFOEFO[B EFM .BSF 1BMFSNP p &SOTU.PSJU["SOEU6OJWFSTJUÅU (SFJGTXBME p
/JFEFSTÅDITJTDIFT -BOEFTBNU GÛS %FOLNBMQĔFHF )BOOPWFS
ăF (SPUUB EJ $BMB EFJ (FOPWFTJ PO UIF JTMBOE PG -FWBO[P PĈ 4JDJMZT XFTUFSO DPBTU DPOUBJOT POF PG UIF NPTU JNQPSUBOU SFDPSET PG
-BUF (MBDJBM SPDL BSU JO UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO SFHJPO ăF BOJNBM BOE IVNBO FOHSBWJOHT TUFN GSPN UIF -BUF &QJHSBWFUUJBO QFSJPE BOE
BSF DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ B OBUVSBMJTUJD TUZMF TUZMJTUJD QBSBMMFMT DBO CF GPVOE PO UIF JTMBOE PG 4JDJMZ BOE JO TPVUIFSO *UBMZ .PSF UIBO đĕZ
ZFBST BĕFS UIF PSJHJOBM EPDVNFOUBUJPO B đFME DBNQBJHO CZ BO *UBMJBO(FSNBO UFBN XBT DBSSJFE PVU JO +VOF BT B đSTU TUFQ UP
JOWFTUJHBUF UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD FOHSBWJOHT XJUI NPEFSO UFDIOJRVFT BOE UP NPEJGZ BOE DPNQMFNFOU JU XIFSF OFDFTTBSZ <> ăF TZTUFN
BUJD BQQSPBDI BOE UIF VTF PG % TDBOOJOH UFDIOPMPHZ NBLF UIF EPDVNFOUBUJPO PG SPDL BSU NPSF EFUBJMFE PCKFDUJWF BOE FċDJFOU
$POTFRVFOUMZ UIF OFX TUVEZ IBT TVDDFFEFE JO JEFOUJGZJOH WBSJPVT BOJNBMT XJUI NVDI NPSF EFUBJM BOE BMTP JO EFUFDUJOH TFWFSBM OFX
QSFWJPVTMZ VOLOPXO đHVSFT 8JUI UIF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG GPVS OFX CPWJE JNBHFT UIF BVSPDIT JT OPX UIF NPTU QSPNJOFOU BOJNBM JO UIF
QJDUPSJBM DPNQPTJUJPO PG UIF DBWF Y
GPMMPXFE CZ FRVJET Y
BOE DFSWJET Y
ăJT EPNJOBODF PG CPWJET JT UIPVHIU UP IBWF B
NFBOJOH CFZPOE UIF FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYU UIF BVSPDIT XBT UIF MBSHFTU BOE TUSPOHFTU BOJNBM PG UIF -BUF (MBDJBM UP FBSMZ )PMPDFOF
PG 4JDJMZ BOE SFQSFTFOUFE B EBOHFSPVT QSFZ BU UIBU UJNF 4USPOH BOJNBMT IBE B QSPNJOFOU SPMF JO 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD DBWF BSU BOE JU JT
QSPCBCMZ OPU B DPJODJEFODF UIBU JO UIF (SPUUB EJ $BMB EFJ (FOPWFTJ UIF BVSPDIT TFFNT UP CF SFQSFTFOUFE POMZ CZ EFQJDUJPOT PG BEVMU
JOEJWJEVBMT XIJMF UISFF PG UIF FJHIU DFSWJE JNBHFT DBO CF JEFOUJđFE BT ZPVOH BOJNBMT *O BEEJUJPO UIJT EPNJOBODF TIPXT QBSBMMFMT
UP B TJNJMBS QIFOPNFOPO JO -BUF (MBDJBM DBWF BSU PG 4PVUIFSO *CFSJB
3FGFSFODFT<> 4 5VTB ( EJ .BJEB " 1BTUPPST ) 1JF[POLB ($ 8FOJHFS 5 5FSCFSHFS iăF (SPUUB EJ $BMB EFJ (FOPWFTJ /FX TUVEJFT PO UIF
*DF "HF DBWF BSU PO 4JDJMZu 1SÅIJTUPSJTDIF ;FUJTDISJĕ m
m
60
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă ăF $FQSBOP DBMWBSJVN UXFOUZ ZFBST BĕFS " OFX HFOFSBUJPO PG EJHJUBM
TUVEJFT
'BCJP %J 7JODFO[P1 'FEFSJDP #FSOBSEJOJ2 *UBMP #JEEJUUV3 "OUPOJP 1SPđDP1 1BPMB ;BJP4 $MÊNFOU ;BOPMMJ 2 .BVSP
3VCJOJ4 $MBVEJP 5VOJ[2 (JPSHJP .BO[J1
%JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB "NCJFOUBMF 4BQJFO[B 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ 3PNB 3PNB *UBMZ p ăF A"CEVT 4BMBN *OUFSOBUJPOBM $FOUSF
GPS ăFPSFUJDBM 1IZTJDT .VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ -BCPSBUPSZ 5SJFTUF *UBMZ p *TUJUVUP *UBMJBOP EJ 1BMFPOUPMPHJB 6NBOB *T*16
3PNB
*UBMZ p 4PQSJOUFOEFO[B "SDIFPMPHJDB EFM -B[JP 3PNB *UBMZ
ăF $FQSBOP DBMWBSJVN XBT GPVOE PO .BSDI JO UIF .JE1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF PG $BNQPHSBOEF TPVUIFSO -BUJVN *UBMZ
<> "U
UIF UJNF PG JUT EJTDPWFSZ JUT QSFTVNFE QPTJUJPO JO UIF SFHJPOBM TUSBUJHSBQIZ TVHHFTUFE BO BHF PG BCPVU LB )PXFWFS BĕFS
TZTUFNBUJD đFME BDUJWJUJFT TUBSUFE JO OFX SFTVMUT PCUBJOFE UISPVHI B NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ BQQSPBDI TIPXFE UIBU UIF DISPOPMPHZ
PG UIF $FQSBOP DBMWBSJVN JT EJĈFSFOU QPJOUJOH UP B UJNF SBOHF DMPTF UP UIF CFHJOOJOH PG .*4 NPSF QSPCBCMZ CFUXFFO BOE
LB <> "T B DPOTFRVFODF $FQSBOP IBT UP CF DPOTJEFSFE QBSU PG UIF &VSPQFBO GPTTJM SFDPSE PG UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF SFGFSSFE
CZ NBOZ BVUIPST UP CF IZQPEJHN PG ) IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT )PXFWFS UIF BCTFODF JO $FQSBOP PG BOZ EFSJWFE /FBOEFSUIBMMJLF NPSQIP
MPHJDBM GFBUVSFT BOE TPNF PUIFS BSDIBJD DIBSBDUFSJTUJD PG JUT DSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ <> EFUBDIFT UIF *UBMJBO TQFDJNFO GSPN QBSU PG UIF
WBSJBCJMJUZ PG UIJT UBYPO JO &VSPQF BOE TVHHFTUT UIBU JU NBZ CF B SFMJD SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG UIF BODFTUSBM TUPDL PG UIF ) IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT
NPSQIPUZQF QSFDFEJOH UIF BQQFBSBODF PG SFHJPOBM BVUBQPNPSQIJD GFBUVSFT <> 4P UIF QFDVMJBS NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIJT DBMWBSJVN m
XJUI JUT VOJRVF DPNCJOBUJPO PG GFBUVSFT m DBMMT GPS GVSUIFS TUVEJFT " QSPCMFN UP CF TPMWFE JT UIBU UIF DBMWBSJVN XBT BĈFDUFE CZ
EJBHFOFUJD EFGPSNBUJPO PG UIF QPTUFSPMBUFSBM WBVMU SFRVJSJOH BO BDDVSBUF SFTUPSBUJPO JO WJFX PG NPSF TVJUBCMF DPNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTJT
*O QBSUJDVMBS UIF NBJO EFGPSNBUJPO JT DPODFSOFE CZ B MBUFSBM EPXOXBSE QSFTTVSF UIBU UIF TFEJNFOUT BQQMJFE POUP UIF MFĕ QBSJFUBM
CFJOH ĔBUUFOFE BOE MBSHFMZ GSBHNFOUFEEFTUSPZFE
XIJMF UIF DPOUSPMBUFSBM XBMM XBT VOOBUVSBMMZ XBSQFE CFJOH NPSF BOHVMBUFE
XJUI FMPOHBUFE GSBDUVSFT
ăF EFGPSNBUJPO BMTP BĈFDUFE UIF PDDJQJUBM TDBMF JODMVEJOH UIF USBOTWFSTF PDDJQJUBM UPSVT XIJDI SFTVMUFE
UJMUFE JO QPTUFSJPS WJFX 4FWFSBM BUUFNQUT UP SFDPNQPTF UIF QV[[MF PG JUT PSJHJOBM NPSQIPMPHZ XFSF DBSSJFE PVU PWFS UJNF 8JUI UIF
BJN PG EJHJUBMMZ SFNPWJOH BOZ QMBTUFS SFTJEVBMT GSPN QSFWJPVT JOUFSWFOUJPOT BOE TBGFUZ NBOBHF UIF WBSJPVT GSBHNFOUT NPSF UIBO
JO UPUBM
BMM UIF IVNBO NBUFSJBM GSPN $BNQPHSBOEF IBT CFFO SFDPSEFE CZ 9SBZ NJDSPUPNPHSBQIZ γ$5
XJUI BO JTPUSPQJD
WPYFM TJ[F PG γN 4UBSUJOH GSPN UIJT EJHJUBMMZ DMFBOFE BOE OFXMZ BTTFNCMFE WPMVNFT B EJHJUBM TZNNFUSJ[BUJPO CBTFE PO % 514
BMHPSJUIN
XBT QFSGPSNFE "T B SFTVMU JU XBT QPTTJCMF UP DPSSFDU UIF EFGPSNBUJPO UIBU BĈFDUFE UIF TQFDJNFO CZ B DPNQVUFS BTTJTUFE
UFDIOJRVF CBTFE PO HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT PCUBJOJOH B TBUJTGBDUPSZ BOE TUBUJTUJDBMMZ DPOUSPMMFE SFTVMU 'VSUIFSNPSF BO VOEJT
UPSUFE EJHJUBM FOEPDBTU BOE OFX IJHI SFTPMVUJPO WPMVNFT PG UIF GSPOUBM TJOVTFT XFSF PCUBJOFE
3FGFSFODFT<> "TDFO[J " #JEEJUUV * $BTTPMJ 1' 4FHSF "( 4FHSF/BMEJOJ & " DBMWBSJVN PG MBUF )PNP FSFDUVT GSPN $FQSBOP *UBMZ +
)VN &WPM <> .BO[J ( .BHSJ % .JMMJ 4 1BMPNCP .3 .BSHBSJ 7 $FMJCFSUJ 7 #BSCJFSJ . #BSCJFSJ . .FMJT 35 3VCJOJ .
3VĈP . 4BSBDJOP # 5[FEBLJT 1$ ;BSBUUJOJ " #JEEJUUV * ăF OFX DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF $FQSBOP DBMWBSJVN *UBMZ
+ )VN &WPM <> .BO[J ( .BMMFHOJ ' "TDFO[J " " DSBOJVN GPS UIF FBSMJFTU &VSPQFBOT 1IZMPHFOFUJD QPTJUJPO PG UIF IPNJOJE GSPN $FQSBOP *UBMZ 1SPD
/BU "DBE 4DJ 64" <> .PVOJFS " $POEFNJ 4 .BO[J ( ăF 4UFN 4QFDJFT PG 0VS 4QFDJFT " 1MBDF GPS UIF "SDIBJD )VNBO
$SBOJVN GSPN $FQSBOP *UBMZ 1-P4 0/& F <> .BO[J ( 0O UIF USBJM PG UIF HFOVT )PNP CFUXFFO BSDIBJD BOE EFSJWFE NPSQIPMPHJFT +
"OUISPQPM 4DJ +"4T
61
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B ăF &WJEFODF GPS 5JNF ,FFQJOH "NPOH 1SF/FPMJUIJD )VOUFS(BUIFSFST
.BSOJF %VOTNPSF
&SJEBO $PNNVOJDBUJPOT 4BO 'SBODJTDP 64"
ăJT QBQFS TZOUIFTJ[FT EBUB GSPN BSDIFPMPHZ IVNBO FDPMPHZ BOE FUIOPIJTUPSZ UP CVJME B QJDUVSF PG UJNF LFFQJOH BNPOH IVOUFS
HBUIFSFS DVMUVSFT PG QSF/FPMJUIJD /PSUIFSO &VSPQF /PSUIFSO "TJB BOE /PSUI "NFSJDB 3FDFOU BOBMZTJT PG UIF QJU BMJHONFOU BSDIF
PMPHJDBM TJUF BU 8BSSFO 'JFME 4DPUMBOE EBUFE UP #1 TVHHFTUT UIBU IVOUFSHBUIFSFST JO 4DPUMBOE XFSF BCMF UP DPSSFDU GPS UIF
NJTBMJHONFOU CFUXFFO MVOBS NPOUIT BOE UIF TPMBS ZFBS <> ăJT BCJMJUZ BMJHONFOU UP TPMBS PS TUFMMBS FWFOUT VTJOH CVJMU TUSVDUVSFT
IBT CFFO QSPQPTFE BT B IBMMNBSL PG UIF DVMUVSBM NFBOT UP NFBTVSF BOE NBJOUBJO BDDVSBUF UJNF <> *O /PSUI "NFSJDB BOBMZTJT PG
QJU IPVTFT BOE TUPOF XIFFM PCTFSWBUPSJFT TIPXT UIBU QSJPS UP &VSPQFBO DPOUBDU IVOUFSHBUIFSFS HSPVQT XFSF BCMF UP BMJHO CVJMU
TUSVDUVSFT UP UIF TPMTUJDFT BOE UP PUIFS FWFOUT JO UIF TLZ BOE DBMJCSBUF UIF PCTFSWBCMF MVOBS NPOUI UP UIF TPMBS ZFBS <> &WJEFODF
PG DPVOUJOH JT BOPUIFS JNQPSUBOU JOEJDBUPS PG UIF QPUFOUJBM UP USBDL UJNF 'PS JOTUBODF UP DPVOU EBZT BOE UIF MFOHUI PG UIF NPOUI
UIF #MBDLGPPU BSF SFDPSEFE UP IBWF VTFE LOPU UZJOH UP NBSL PĈ EBZT GSPN UIF OFX NPPO 4FWFSBM JNQPSUBOU BSUFGBDUT JO 'SBODF
JODMVEJOH UIPTF GPVOE BU "CSJ #MBODIBSE BOE BU #SVOJRVFM BMTP TVHHFTU UIBU IVOUFSHBUIFSFST DPVME DPVOU <> 4PNF FWJEFODF JOEJ
DBUFT UIBU IVOUFSHBUIFSFS HSPVQT NBJOUBJOFE QJDUPHSBQIJD DBMFOEBST SFDPSEFE PO WBSJPVT NFEJB JODMVEJOH CJSDI CBSL BOE BOJNBM
IJEF ăF OBNJOH PG NPOUIT GPS TFBTPOBM IVOUJOH BOE HBUIFSJOH QBUUFSOT JT BOPUIFS JOEJDBUJPO PG UIF MPOHFWJUZ PG UJNF LFFQJOH
UIF OBNJOH PG NPOUIT JO UIF DBMFOEBS PG 5PEKB SFJOEFFS IVOUFST PG 4PVUI 4JCFSJB PG UIF 0KJCXF BOE PG UIF #MBDLGPPU PG $BOBEB
SFĔFDU OBNJOH BDDPSEJOH UP IVOUJOH BOE HBUIFSJOH QBUUFSOT BT UIFZ XFSF QSBDUJDFE 1JDUPHSBQIJDNOFNPOJD TZTUFNT XFSF BMTP VTFE
UP DPNNVOJDBUF JOGPSNBUJPO JOUFSHFOFSBUJPOBMMZ BNPOH FMJUF HSPVQT 'PS JOTUBODF BĕFS FJHIUZ ZFBST GPVS JOEFQFOEFOU #MBDLGPPU
8JOUFS $PVOUT B QJDUPHSBQIJDNOFNPOJD TZTUFN SFDPSEFE B NFUFPS TIPXFS XIJDI PDDVSSFE JO XJUI BO BDDVSBDZ UP XJUIJO
UXP ZFBST <> (JWFO UIJT EBUB XJUIJO UIJT QBQFS B DBUFHPSJ[FE GSBNFXPSL JT DPOTUSVDUFE UP EPDVNFOU BOE DPNQBSF UJNF LFFQ
JOH BNPOH EJĈFSFOU IVOUFSHBUIFSFS DVMUVSFT ăF LFZ DBUFHPSJFT BSF TPMBS BMJHONFOU VTJOH CVJMU TUSVDUVSFT FWJEFODF PG DPVOUJOH
BSUFGBDUT BOE DPVOUJOH DVTUPNT VTF PG QJDUPHSBQIJD DBMFOEBST NPOUIT OBNFE BDDPSEJOH UP IVOUJOH BOE HBUIFSJOH GVODUJPOT BOE FW
JEFODF PG JOUFSHFOFSBUJPOBM DPNNVOJDBUJPO VTJOH QJDUPHSBQIJDNOFNPOJD TZTUFNT "SDIBFPMPHJDBM EBUFT TQFDJđD DPTNPMPHZ BOE
UJNF TZNCPMT BOE MJUIJDT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI BMJHONFOU TUSVDUVSFT PS BSUFGBDUT BSF DBUFHPSJFT UIBU BVHNFOU UIF GSBNFXPSL 'JOBMMZ EPD
VNFOUBUJPO PG HBNF TQFDJFT SFHJPOBM FYUJODUJPO EBUFT BOE NJHSBUPSZ PS OPONJHSBUPSZ
BSF OPUFE 'SPN UIF PċDJBM EBUFT BWBJMBCMF
GPS NBONBEF BMJHONFOU TUSVDUVSFT EJTDVTTFE IFSFJO JU DBO CF JOGFSSFE UIBU BDDVSBUF NPOUIMZ UJNF LFFQJOH UP XJUIJO TFWFSBM EBZT
PG UIF TPMBS ZFBS XBT XFMM FTUBCMJTIFE PO UIF /PSUIFSO 1MBJOT PG /PSUI "NFSJDB CZ #1 BOE JO /PSUIFSO &VSPQF CZ #1
6TJOH UIF JOGPSNBUJPO QSFTFOUFE JO UIJT GSBNFXPSL JU JT QPTTJCMF UP DPNQBSF UJNF LFFQJOH QSBDUJDFT PG UIFTF IVOUFSHBUIFSFS HSPVQT
ăF PWFSBMM QJDUVSF JO /PSUIFSO &VSPQF CZ #1 BOE JO /PSUI "NFSJDB CZ BU MFBTU #1 BSF PG GVMMZ EFWFMPQFE UJNF BXBSF
DVMUVSFT UIBU DPVME LFFQ BDDVSBUF UJNF JO PSEFS UP DPPSEJOBUF UIFJS IVOUJOH BOE HBUIFSJOH TUSBUFHJFT XJUI UIF TFBTPOT
3FGFSFODFT<> (BĈOFZ 7JODF .FTPMJUIJD 5JNFMPSET " NPOVNFOUBM IVOUFSHBUIFSFS ADBMFOEBS BU 8BSSFO 'JFME 4DPUMBOE $VSSFOU BSDIBFPMPHZ
/P <> "WFOJ "OUIPOZ ' "SDIBFPBTUSPOPNZ JO UIF "ODJFOU "NFSJDBT +PVSOBM PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI 7PM /P <> 3PUI
#BSCBSB + /FX *OWFTUJHBUJPOT BU UIF )BSSJT 4JUF .JNCSFT 7BMMFZ /FX .FYJDP 4"" UI "OOVBM .FFUJOH "QSJM <> &EEZ +PIO " .FEJDJOF 8IFFMT BOE 1MBJOT *OEJBOT JO "TUSPOPNZ PG UIF "ODJFOUT FE ,FOOFUI #SFDIFS BOE .JDIBFM 'FJSUBH $BNCSJEHF ." ăF .*5 1SFTT <> 5PWJBT #MBODB ăF 3JHIU UP 1PTTFTT .FNPSZ 8JOUFS $PVOUT PG UIF #MBDLGPPU &UIOPIJTUPSZ 62
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S $POUSJCVUJPO PG UIF &43 EBUJOH NFUIPE UP UIF DISPOPMPHJDBM GSBNFXPSL PG UIF PMEFTU IPNJOJE
PDDVQBUJPOT JO TPVUIXFTUFSO &VSPQF
.BUIJFV %VWBM1
$FOUSP OBDJPOBM EF JOWFTUJHBDJÓO TPCSF MB FWPMVDJÓO IVNBOB $&/*&)
ăF DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF EJTQFSTBM PG UIF (FOVT )PNP JOUP &VSPQF JT B LFZ UPQJD JO QSFIJTUPSZ 8JUIJO UIF &VSPQFBO DPOUJOFOU UIF
*CFSJBO 1FOJOTVMB JT QSPCBCMZ UIF BSFB XJUI UIF IJHIFTU OVNCFS PG FWJEFODF PG &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJE PDDVQBUJPOT JODMVEJOH
QMBDFT TVDI BT "UBQVFSDB (SBO %PMJOB 5% "UBQVFSDB 4JNB EFM &MFGBOUF 5& 'VFOUF /VFWB #BSSBODP -FÓO BOE 7BMMQBSBEÎT
TJUFT %BUJOH UIFTF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TJUFT JT RVJUF B DIBMMFOHF CFDBVTF UIFZ BSF OPU GPVOE JO BOZ WPMDBOJD DPOUFYU QSFDMVEJOH UIF VTF
PG UIF "S"S NFUIPE "DUVBMMZ POMZ B GFX OVNFSJDBM EBUJOH NFUIPE DBO CF QPUFOUJBMMZ BQQMJFE FH 5$/ 04- &43 61C
CVU
UIF VTF PG FBDI NFUIPE JT MJNJUFE CZ B SBOHF PG GBDUPST FH TFEJNFOUBSZ DPOUFYU EFQUI QSFTFODF PG DBSCPOBUFT PS RVBSU[ FUD
UIBU BMNPTU SVMF PVU UIFJS BQQMJDBUJPO PO B TZTUFNBUJD CBTJT *O UIBU SFHBSE UIF VTF PG FMFDUSPO TQJO SFTPOBODF &43
EBUJOH JT PG
TQFDJBM JOUFSFTU TJODF UIJT JT B WFSTBUJMF NFUIPE UIBU NBZ CF BQQMJFE UP B XJEF SBOHF PG NBUFSJBMT TVDI BT PQUJDBMMZ CMFBDIFE RVBSU[
HSBJOT DBSCPOBUFT BOE GPTTJM UFFUI DPWFSJOH UIVT BMNPTU BMM QPTTJCMF HFPMPHJDBM DPOUFYUT GPS UIJT UJNF SBOHF ăJT JT XIZ &43 JT VO
EPVCUFEMZ UIF NPTU GSFRVFOUMZ VTFE NFUIPE UP EBUF FBSMZ IPNJOJE PDDVQBUJPOT JO 8FTUFSO &VSPQF <FH > *O UIF MBTU GFX ZFBST
TFWFSBM &43 EBUJOH TUVEJFT IBWF QSPWJEFE OFX DISPOPMPHJDBM EBUB GPS TPNF PG UIF PMEFTU IPNJOJE PDDVQBUJPOT JO 4QBJO MJLF 'VFOUF
/VFWB #BSSBODP -FÓO BOE 7BMMQBSBEÎT <FH > ăFTF &43 EBUJOH SFTVMUT DPNCJOFE XJUI UIPTF EFSJWFE GSPN QBMBFPNBHOFUJD
BOE CJPDISPOPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT DPOUSJCVUF UP DPNQMFUF BOE SFđOF UIF DISPOPMPHJDBM GSBNFXPSL PG UIF đSTU IPNJOJE TFUUMFNFOUT JO
8FTUFSO &VSPQF ăF PCKFDUJWFT PG UIJT XPSL BSF J
UP QSFTFOU BO VQEBUFE SFWJFX PG UIFTF SFDFOU EBUJOH SFTVMUT BOE JJ
UP QSPWJEF
BO PWFSWJFX PG UIF QPUFOUJBM BT XFMM BT PG UIF DVSSFOU MJNJUBUJPOT PG UIF &43 EBUJOH NFUIPE BQQMJFE UP UPPUI FOBNFM BOE PQUJDBMMZ
CMFBDIFE RVBSU[ HSBJOT GSPN &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUFT ăF GVUVSF EJSFDUJPOT UIBU BSF XPSUI FYQMPSJOH JO UIF GVUVSF UP JNQSPWF UIF
BDDVSBDZ PG UIF NFUIPE XJMM CF BMTP FWPLFE
3FGFSFODFT<> 'BMHVÍSFT $ &43 EBUJOH BOE UIF IVNBO FWPMVUJPO DPOUSJCVUJPO UP UIF DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF FBSMJFTU IVNBOT JO &VSPQF õVBUFSOBSZ
4DJFODF 3FWJFXT m
<> #BIBJO ++ 'BMHVÍSFT $ 7PJODIFU 1 %VWBM . %PMP +. %FTQSJÊF + (BSDJB 5 BOE 5JTTPVY ) &MFDUSPO 4QJO SFTPOBODF &43
EBUJOH PG TPNF &VSPQFBO -BUF -PXFS 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUFT õVBUFSOBJSF <> %VWBM . "VCFSU . )FMMTUSPN
+ BOE (SÛO 3 )JHI SFTPMVUJPO -"*$1.4 NBQQJOH PG 6 BOE ă JTPUPQFT JO BO FBSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF FRVJE UPPUI GSPN 'VFOUF /VFWB 0SDF
"OEBMVTJB 4QBJO
õVBUFSOBSZ (FPDISPOPMPHZ <> %VWBM . 'BMHVÍSFT $ BOE #BIBJO ++ "HF PG UIF PMEFTU IPNJOJO TFUUMFNFOUT
JO 4QBJO $POUSJCVUJPO PG UIF DPNCJOFE 6TFSJFT&43 EBUJOH NFUIPE BQQMJFE UP GPTTJM UFFUI õVBUFSOBSZ (FPDISPOPMPHZ <>
5PSP.PZBOP * .BSUÎOF[/BWBSSP # "HVTUÎ + 4PVEBZ $ #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +. .BSUJOÓO5PSSFT . 'BKBSEP # %VWBM . 'BMHVÍSFT $ 0NT 0
1BSÊT +. "OBEÓO 1 +VMJÆ 3 (BSDÎB"HVJMBS +. .PJHOF ". &TQJHBSFT .1 3PT.POUPZB 4 BOE 1BMNRWJTU 1 ăF PMEFTU IVNBO GPTTJM JO
&VSPQF GSPN 0SDF 4QBJO
+PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO 63
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B %FOUBM .JDSPXFBS 5FYUVSF "OBMZTJT BOE UIF %JFU PG UIF 4DMBEJOB $IJME
4JSFFO &M ;BBUBSJ1,2 ,SJTUJO ,SVFHFS3 .JDIFM 5PVTTBJOU4 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO2
1BMÅPBOUISPQPMPHJF &CFSIBSE ,BSMT 6OJWFSTJUÅU 5ÛCJOHFO p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS
&WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ -PZPMB 6OJWFSTJUZ $IJDBHP p %JSFDUJPO EF M"SDIFPMPHJF
4FSWJDF 1VCMJD EF 8BMMPOJF
.JDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTFT UIF NPTU SFDFOU EFWFMPQNFOU JO UIF đFME PG EFOUBM NJDSPXFBS IBT CFFO TIPXO UP CF BO JNQPSUBOU
UPPM GPS UIF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UPPUI VTF GPS EJFUBSZ BT XFMM BT OPOEJFUBSZ QVSQPTFT GPS B WBSJFUZ PG TQFDJFT JODMVEJOH SFDFOU IVNBO
HSPVQT BOE GPTTJM IPNJOJOT 4QFDJđDBMMZ UIF BQQMJDBUJPO PG NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT UP UIF BOUFSJPS EFOUJUJPO PG CJPBSDIBFPMPHJDBM
IVNBO HSPVQT IBT QSPWFO FĈFDUJWF JO EJĈFSFOUJBUJOH UIFTF HSPVQT CBTFE PO EJFU OPOEJFUBSZ BOUFSJPS UPPUI VTF BOE EJFUBSZ BOEPS
BCSBTJWF MPBET <> 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE JUT BQQMJDBUJPO UP PDDMVTBM NPMBS TVSGBDFT PG SFDFOU IVNBO HSPVQT IBT QSPWFO VTFGVM JO EJTUJO
HVJTIJOH UIFTF HSPVQT CBTFE PO UIFJS EJFUT BOE GPPE QSFQBSBUJPO UFDIOJRVFT <> 'PS GPTTJM IPNJOJOT UIF BQQMJDBUJPO PG NJDSPXFBS
UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT UP BOUFSJPS EFOUJUJPOT BOE PDDMVTBM NPMBS TVSGBDFT PG BEVMU /FBOEFSUBM TQFDJNFOT IBT SFWFBMFE TUSPOH DPSSFMBUJPOT
CFUXFFO QBMFPFDPMPHJDBM DPOEJUJPOT BOE OPOEJFUBSZ BOUFSJPS UPPUI VTF CFIBWJPST BOE EJFUT GPS UIFTF GPTTJM IPNJOJOT <> 5P UIJT
FOE /FBOEFSUBMT UIBU MJWFE VOEFS DPME PQFO TUFQQF DPOEJUJPOT XFSF GPVOE UP VTF UIFJS BOUFSJPS EFOUJUJPO JO OPOEJFUBSZ CFIBWJPST
NVDI NPSF JOUFOTFMZ UIBO UIPTF UIBU MJWFE JO UIF XBSN XPPEMBOE DMJNBUFT <> *O UFSNT PG EJFU /FBOEFSUBMT GSPN DPME PQFO TUFQQF
FOWJSPONFOUT XFSF GPVOE UP IBWF EJFUT UIBU DPOTJTUFE BMNPTU FYDMVTJWFMZ PG NFBU XIFSFBT UIPTF UIBU MJWFE JO NPSF XPPEFE IBCJUBUT
XFSF GPVOE UP IBWF NJDSPXFBS TJHOBUVSFT SFĔFDUJOH B NPSF NJYFE EJFU DPOTJTUJOH PG CPUI NFBU BOE QMBOU GPPET <> )FSF XF BQQMZ
NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT UP UIF BOUFSJPS BOE NPMBS EFOUJUJPO PG UIF 4DMBEJOB /FBOEFSUBM UP QSPWJEF B SBSF HMJNQTF JOUP UIF EJFU
BOE CFIBWJPS PG B TVCBEVMU /FBOEFSUBM *O DPNQBSJTPO XJUI BEVMU /FBOEFSUBM TQFDJNFOT BOE SFDFOU IVNBO HSPVQT UIF SFTVMUT PG
UIJT TUVEZ TIPX UIBU UIF 4DMBEJOB /FBOEFSUBM VTFE IJTIFS BOUFSJPS EFOUJUJPO TPMFMZ GPS EJFUBSZ QVSQPTFT BOE UIBU UIJT DIJME EJE OPU
QSBDUJDF OPOEJFUBSZ BOUFSJPS UPPUI VTF CFIBWJPST $PODFSOJOH EJFU UIF NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSFT PG UIF 4DMBEJOB DIJME TIPX UIBU UIF EJFU
PG UIJT /FBOEFSUBM DBO CF CFTU EFTDSJCFE BT IBWJOH DPOTJTUFE PG B NJY PG TPĕ BOE UPVHI GPPET JO BEEJUJPO UP TPNF BNPVOUT PG EJFUBSZ
BCSBTJWFT "MTP UIF BOUFSJPS EFOUBM NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU TPNF PG UIF GPPET JOHFTUFE CZ UIJT DIJME SFRVJSFE B IJHI
BOUFSJPS MPBEJOH SFHJNF 4ZOUIFTJ[JOH UIFTF EBUB QFSIBQT UIF 4DMBEJOB /FBOEFSUBM XBT TVCTJTUJOH NPTUMZ PO ESJFE NFBU
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM GPS 1FUFS 6OHBS GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP UIF NJDSPTDPQF GBDJMJUJFT BU UIF %FQBSUNFOU PG "O
UISPQPMPHZ BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SLBOTBT BU 'BZFUUFWJMMF ăJT TUVEZ XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF .BY 1MBODL 4PDJFUZ BOE UIF /BUJPOBM
4DJFODF 'PVOEBUJPO %%*( 1SPHSBN BOE )VOU 1PTUEPDUPSBM 'FMMPXTIJQ 3FGFSFODFT<> ,SVFHFS ,- 6OHBS 14 *ODJTPS NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSFT PG đWF CJPBSDIFPMPHJDBM HSPVQT *OUFSOBUJPOBM +PVSOBM PG 0TUFPBSDIBFPMPHZ
<> &M ;BBUBSJ 4 0DDMVTBM NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT BOE UIF EJFUT PG IJTUPSJDBMQSFIJTUPSJD IVOUFSHBUIFSFST *OUFSOBUJPOBM +PVSOBM PG
0TUFPBSDIBFPMPHZ <> ,SVFHFS ,- 6OHBS 14 "OUFSJPS EFOUBM NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT PG UIF ,SBQJOB /FBOEFSUBMT $FOUSBM
&VSPQFBO +PVSOBM PG (FPTDJFODFT <> &M ;BBUBSJ 4 (SJOF '& 6OHBS 14 )VCMJO ++ &DPHFPHSBQIJD WBSJBUJPO JO /FBOEFSUBM EJFUBSZ
IBCJUT FWJEFODF GSPN PDDMVTBM NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT +PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO <> ,SVFHFS ,- %JFUBSZ BOE CFIBWJPSBM
TUSBUFHJFT PG /FBOEFSUBMT BOE BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO IVNBOT FWJEFODF GSPN BOUFSJPS EFOUBM NJDSPXFBS UFYUVSF BOBMZTJT 1I% UIFTJT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
"SLBOTBT
64
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 1SPKFU /Ê.P ăF $ISPOPMPHZ BOE $VMUVSBM $POUFYU PG /FBOEFSUBM 4LFMFUBM .BUFSJBM JO 4PVUIXFTUFSO
'SBODF
+FBO1IJMJQQF 'BJWSF1 $ISJTUFMMF -BIBZF2 #SVOP .BVSFJMMF1 &NNBOVFM %JTDBNQT1,3 #SBE (SBWJOB1 "MBJO 5VSR1,6 8JMMJBN #BOLT1 1SJTDJMMB #BZMF1 $ÊESJD #FBVWBM4 +FBO(VJMMBVNF #PSEFT1 $ISJTUJOF $PVUVSF1 .BSJF$MBJSF %BXTPO1 'SBODFTDP %&SSJDP1 .BSJOF 'SPVJO2 (VJMMBVNF (VÊSJO2 +BDRVFT +BVCFSU1 "SOBVE -FOPCMF1 /PSCFSU .FSDJFS2 )VHVFT
1MJTTPO1 "MBJO õVJOUBSE 8JMMJBN 3FOEV5 "OOF.BSJF 5JMMJFS1
6OJW #PSEFBVY$/34 1"$&" 6.3 ' 5BMFODF 'SBODF p 6OJW #PSEFBVY $/34 *3"."5$31"
6.3 p "),3 *OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #FSHFO /PSXBZ p "SDIÊPTQIÊSF p -BCPSBUPJSF 53"$&4 6.3
6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 5PVMPVTF MF .JSBJM p .VTÊF /BUJPOBM EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF 6.3 1BDFB 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF #PSEFBVY * .VTÊF
-FT&Z[JFTEF5BZBD4JSFVJM 'SBODF
ăF "RVJUBJOF #BTJO PG TPVUIXFTUFSO 'SBODF IBT QSPEVDFE B OFBS VOQBSBMMFMFE DPODFOUSBUJPO PG .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD TJUFT NBOZ PG
XIJDI JODMVEF /FBOEFSUBM TLFMFUBM NBUFSJBM SBOHJOH GSPN FMFNFOUT JO BOBUPNJDBM DPOOFDUJPO UP JTPMBUFE GSBHNFOUT PS TJOHMF UFFUI "
OFX JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSZ QSPKFDU /Ê.P m /FBOEFSUBM GBDF Æ MB NPSU
BJNT UP JOWFTUJHBUF UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM UBQIPOPNJD BOE DISPOP
MPHJDBM DPOUFYU PG UIFTF IVNBO SFNBJOT JO PSEFS UP CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOE UIFJS DVMUVSBM BTTPDJBUJPO #BTFE PO B TVCTUBOUJBM DPSQVT PG
TJUFT GSPN UIF 1ÊSJHPSE õVFSDZ $IBSFOUFT BOE "HFOBJT BSFBT PG TPVUIXFTUFSO 'SBODF UIF PWFSBMM HPBMT PG UIF QSPKFDU JODMVEF EFWFMPQJOH B NPSF TFDVSF BCTPMVUF DISPOPMPHZ PG TJUFT GSPN XIJDI /FBOEFSUBM SFNBJOT IBWF CFFO SFDPWFSFE FWBMVBUJOH UIF QPTU
NPSUFN NBOJQVMBUJPO PG UIF CPEZ BOE QPTTJCMF TZNCPMJD JNQMJDBUJPOT BOE DMBSJGZJOH UIF iDVMUVSBMu BOE FDPOPNJD DPOUFYU PG
UIF SFNBJOT JO UFSNT PG BTTPDJBUFE MJUIJD BOE GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHFT )FSF XF QSFTFOU B HFOFSBM PWFSWJFX PG UIF SFDFOUMZ CFHVO /Ê.P
QSPKFDU BOE OFX đFMEXPSL QSPKFDUT BU UXP LFZ TJUFT JO UIF SFHJPO -F .PVTUJFS BOE $PNCF (SFOBM 8PSL CZ 0 )BVTFS BOE UIFO
% 1FZSPOZ JNNFEJBUFMZ CFGPSF UIF 'JSTU 8PSME 8BS BU -F .PVTUJFS QSPEVDFE BU MFBTU UXP TFUT PG /FBOEFSUBM TLFMFUBM NBUFSJBM BO
BEPMFTDFOU -F .PVTUJFS EJTDPWFSFE JO BOE UIF SFDFOUMZ SFEJTDPWFSFE OFPOBUBM TLFMFUPO -F .PVTUJFS <>
đSTU VODPWFSFE
JO )FSF XF QSFTFOU PVS (SBWJOB %JTDBNQT
POHPJOH SFWJTJPO PG OFXMZ EJTDPWFSFE MJUIJD BOE GBVOBM NBUFSJBM BT XFMM BT
OFX đFMEXPSL CPUI PG XIJDI BJN BU SFWJTJOH UIF TJUFT BSDIBFPTFRVFODF QSPEVDJOH B NPSF SFđOFE DISPOPMPHZ BOE CFUUFS DPO
UFYUVBMJTJOH UIF /FBOEFSUBM SFNBJOT SFDPWFSFE GSPN -F .PVTUJFS &YDBWBUFE CZ 'SBOÉPJT #PSEFT CFUXFFO BOE UIF TJUF
PG $PNCF(SFOBM IBT ZJFMEFE BO JNQPSUBOU BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TFRVFODF JO UFSNT PG PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF DIBSBDUFS EJWFSTJUZ BOE
TVDDFTTJPO PG .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD JOEVTUSJFT JO TPVUIXFTUFSO 'SBODF SFDFOU FYBNQMFT JODMVEF <> <>
.PSFPWFS UIF TJUF IBT QSP
EVDFE OVNFSPVT IVNBO SFNBJOT / FH <>
GPS UIF NPTU QBSU BTTPDJBUFE XJUI UIF õVJOB .PVTUFSJBO ăF JOUFHSJUZ PG UIF
TJUFT BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TFRVFODF IBT IPXFWFS SFDFOUMZ CFFO DBMMFE JOUP RVFTUJPO <> #VJMEJOH PO UIJT DSJUJRVF XF QSFTFOU QSFMJNJOBSZ
SFTVMUT PG BO POHPJOH DSJUJDBM SFWJTJPO PG UIF $PNCF (SFOBM BSDIBFPTUSBUJHSBQIZ
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăF /ÊNP 1SPKFDU %JST +1 'BJWSF $ -BIBZF BOE # .BVSFJMMF
JT đOBODFE CZ B HSBOU GSPN UIF 'SFODI
/BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI "HFODZ "/3-BCFY
3FGFSFODFT<> .BVSFJMMF # -B SFEÊDPVWFSUF EV OPVWFBVOÊ OÊBOEFSUBMJFO -F .PVTUJFS 1"-&0 3FWVF EBSDIÊPMPHJF QSÊIJTUPSJRVF <> #PVSHVJHOPO - 5VSR " m 6OF DIBÏOF PQÊSBUPJSF EF EÊCJUBHF TVS ÊDMBU EV .PVTUÊSJFO Æ EFOUJDVMÊT BRVJUBJOु MFT FYFNQMFT EF $IBNQT
EF #PTTVFU FU EF $PNCF(SFOBM D *Oु %JTDPÐE MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHZ "EWBODFT BOE *NQMJDBUJPOT &E . 1FSFTBOJ
#"3 *OUFSOBUJPOBM 4FSJFT Q <> 'BJWSF +1I %JTDBNQT & (SBWJOB # 5VSR " (VBEFMMJ +- -FOPJS . m JO QSFTT ăF DPOUSJCVUJPO PG MJUIJD QSPEVDUJPO TZTUFNT UP
UIF JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG .PVTUFSJBO JOEVTUSJBM WBSJBCJMJUZ õVBUFSOBSZ *OUFSOBUJPOBM <> (BSSBMEB .% (JBDPCJOJ ( BOE 7BOEFSNFFSTDI # $VU
NBSLT PO UIF /FBOEFSUBMT GSPN $PNCF(SFOBM BOE .BSJMMBD 'SBODF
" 4&. BOBMZTJT "OUISPQPMPHJF 9-*** Qु <> %JCCMF )-
.D1IFSSPO 41 %FOOJT 4BOEHBUIF 4 (PMECFSH 1 5VSR " -FOPJS . $POUFYU DVSBUJPO BOE CJBT BO FWBMVBUJPO PG UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD
DPMMFDUJPOT PG $PNCF(SFOBM 'SBODF
+PVSOBM PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF m
65
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B #JPMPHJDBM DPOTUSBJOUT BOE FWPMVUJPO PG MBOHVBHF B IZQPUIFTJT PO UIF FYBQUBUJPO PG IVNBO WPDBM
TUSVDUVSFT
"MFTTBOESB 'BM[POF1 "MFTTBOESB "OBTUBTJ1 "OUPOJOP 1FOOJTJ1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG .FTTJOB
*O UIJT QBQFS XF JOUFOE UP TVQQPSU UIF BSHVNFOU UIBU UIF FWPMVUJPO PG IVNBO MBOHVBHF JT CJPMPHJDBMMZ MJOLFE UP DFOUSBM BOE QFSJQI
FSBM TUSVDUVSFT UIBU BSF OPU TFMFDUFE GPS OFDFTTBSJMZ MJOHVJTUJD QVSQPTFT BOE UIBU XF DBO SFBE JO UFSNT PG iFYBQUBUJPOu GPS MBOHVBHF
ăFTF DPOTUSBJOUT DIBSBDUFSJ[F MBOHVBHF BT B GPSN PG TQFDJFTTQFDJđD BSUJDVMBUFE WPDBM QSPEVDUJPO VOJRVF GPS TBQJFOT *O PSEFS UP
EP UIJT XF XJMM VTF UIF CJPMPHJDBMMZ PSJFOUFE QFSTQFDUJWF PG DPHOJUJWF TDJFODFT XIJDI BJNT UP DPOTJEFS OFVSPTDJFOUJđD BOE NPSQIP
MPHJDBM EBUB QBMFPBOUISPQPMPHJDBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT BOE FUIPMPHJDBM DPNQBSJTPO JO BO JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSZ XBZ ăF SFDFOU IZQPUIFTJT
PO UIF FWPMVUJPO PG MBOHVBHF DBO CF EJWJEFE JOUP UXP CSPBE DBUFHPSJFT UIPTF XIP TVQQPSU UIF EFSJWBUJPO PG MBOHVBHF GSPN WPJDF
BOE UIPTF XIP BTTVNF B HFTUVSBMNPUPS EFSJWBUJPO 0VS UIFTJT JT UIBU MBOHVBHF IBT FWPMWFE PO UIF CBTJT PG TUSVDUVSFT UIBU BMMPX UIF
WPDBMJUZ UIBU EFWFMPQQFE FBSMJFS BOE UIFSFGPSF QSFTFOU JO PUIFS TQFDJFT BMTP QIZMPHFOFUJDBMMZ EJTUBOU GSPN TBQJFOT ăF EBUB BSJTJOH
GSPN UIF CJPMPHZ PG UIF WPJDF JO GBDU BMMPXFE UP EFNZTUJGZ UIF JEFB PG iTQFDJBMUZu BTTPDJBUFE XJUI UIF IVNBO WPDBMJUZ OPU POMZ UIFSF
BSF TUSVDUVSBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT WPDBM USBDU TFF 'JUDI TJNJMBS UP IVNBOT JO NBOZ BOJNBM TQFDJFT CJSET CVU BMTP NBNNBMT
CVU
BMTP BNPOH OPOIVNBO QSJNBUFT PODF DPOTJEFSFE UIF DPNQBSBUJWF FNCMFN PG OPO WPDBMJUZ JU JT QPTTJCMF UP JEFOUJGZ DPNQMFY WPDBM
DBQBDJUJFT FH TJOHJOH QSJNBUFT (BNCB (JBDPNB "MUIPVHI WPDBM QSPEVDUJPO TFFNT QPTTJCMF JO TFWFSBM BOJNBM TQFDJFT PVS
IZQPUIFTJT TFFLT UP FYQMBJO OPU POMZ UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ EFSJWBUJPO PG WPDBM QPTTJCJMJUJFT CVU UIF DIBSBDUFSJTUJD TFHNFOUBUJPO PG IVNBO
TQFFDI FTQFDJBMMZ )VNBO MBOHVBHF JO GBDU JT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE GPS UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG GPSNBOUJD GSFRVFODJFT DBQBDJUZ BMTP QSFTFOU JO
NBOZ BOJNBM TQFDJFT BOE GPS UIF QPTTJCJMJUZ PG JTTVJOH B WFSZ CSPBE SBOHF PG GSFRVFODJFT JO B DPOTUBOU NBOOFS ăJT DBQBCJMJUZ JT
QFSNJUUFE CZ UIF UZQJDBM TUSVDUVSF PG UIF WPDBM USBDU BT B XIPMF OPU POMZ CZ UIF MPX QPTJUJPO PG UIF MBSZOY
BOE UIF BCJMJUZ UP đOF
DPPSEJOBUJPO PG PSPGBDJBM NVTDMFT XJUI CSFBUIJOH SIZUINT *O IVNBO TQFFDI JO GBDU UIF NPWFNFOUT PG UIF WPDBM USBDUT BSUJDVMBUPST
NVTU CF QSFDJTFMZ TZODISPOJ[FE XJUI UIF WJCSBUJPOT PG UIF WPDBM GPMET UP DMFBSMZ EJĈFSFOUJBUF UIF PQQPTJUJPOBM QIPOFNFT ăF EJG
GFSFODF PG B UFOUI PG B NJMMJTFDPOE JO UIF UJNJOH PG UIF WPDBM DPSET WJCSBUJPO TUBSU JO SFMBUJPO UP UIF NPWFNFOUT PG UIF WPDBM USBDU
DBO DBVTF QFSDFQUJCMF EJĈFSFOUJBUJPOT PG QIPOFUJD FMFNFOUT 'SPN UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ QPJOU PG WJFX UIFSFGPSF JU DBO CF BTTVNFE JO
BHSFFNFOU XJUI UIF NBKPSJUZ PG UIF UIFPSJFT PO UIF đFME UIBU NBOZ PG UIF WPDBM TUSVDUVSFT CPUI DFOUSBM BOE QFSJQIFSBM
OPX VTFE
GPS BSUJDVMBUF TQFFDI NBZ IBWF FWPMWFE GPS SFBTPOT OPU EJSFDUMZ SFMBUFE UP MBOHVBHF BOE UIFZ IBWF CFFO FYBQUFE JO B TFDPOE UJNF
"NPOH UIFTF TUSVDUVSFT CPUI UIF 475 XJUI JUT NVTDVMBS TQFDJđD DPOGPSNBUJPO BOE UIF DPOUSPM TZTUFNT PG UIF NVTDMFT BSF QBSUJD
VMBSMZ JNQPSUBOU *O UIJT TFOTF UIF QFSJQIFSBM TUSVDUVSFT BSF DPOTJEFSFE OPU POMZ BOBUPNJDBM DPOTUSBJOUT CVU BMTP GVODUJPOBM POFT
POMZ B DFSUBJO DPOGPSNBUJPO PG NVTDMF BOE CPOF DPNCJOFE XJUI B GFFECBDL DPOUSPM TZTUFN CBTFE PO DPOUJOVPVT MFBSOJOH BMMPXT
UP QSPEVDF BSUJDVMBUFE WPJDF 8IBU XBT JOJUJBMMZ VTFE GPS OPOMJOHVJTUJD SFBTPOT FH DIFXJOH .D/FJMBHF XBT TVCTFRVFOUMZ
SFBEBQUFE GPS MJOHVJTUJD QVSQPTFT CFDBVTF JU PĈFSFE B iTQFFDI SFBEZu BOBUPNJDBM CBTJT 1FOOJTJ 'SPN UIF TUSVDUVSBM BOE GVOD
UJPOBM DPOUJOVJUZ UIFSFGPSF PVS IZQPUIFTJT JEFOUJđFE JO UIF DFOUSBM BOE QFSJQIFSBM TUSVDUVSFT PG BSUJDVMBUFE WPJDF UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ
SFBTPOT PG IVNBO MBOHVBHF UIFZ BSF UIF CJPMPHJDBM DPOTUSBJOUT UIBU EFUFSNJOF UIF QPTTJCJMJUJFT PG TBQJFOT TQFDJFT TQFDJđD WPDBMJUZ
BOE UIFZ BMMPX VT UP VTF JU FWFO JO UIF DPOTUSVDUJPO PG TPDJBM SFMBUJPOT "OBTUBTJ 'BM[POF JO QSFTT
3FGFSFODFT<> 'JUDI 85 $PNQBSBUJWF 7PDBM 1SPEVDUJPO BOE UIF &WPMVUJPO PG 4QFFDI 3FJOUFSQSFUJOH UIF %JTDFOU PG UIF -BSZOY *O 8SBZ "
&ET
ăF 5SBOTJUJPO UP -BOHVBHF0YGPSE 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT 0YGPSE QQ <> (BNCB . (JBDPNB $ ,FZ JTTVFT JO UIF TUVEZ PG QSJNBUF
BDPVTUJD TJHOBMT +PVSOBM PG "OUISPQPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF m <> .BD/FJMFHF 1 ' ăF 0SJHJO PG TQFFDI 0YGPSE 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT 0YGPSE <>
1FOOJTJ " 1FS VOB UFDOPMPHJB EFMMP TQFFDI NBLJOH TDJFO[F DPHOJUJWF F TQFDJFTQFDJđDJUÆ EFM MJOHVBHHJP VNBOP *O #BOđ & &E
4VMMPSJHJOF EFM
MJOHVBHHJP F EFMMF MJOHVF TUPSJDPOBUVSBMJ 6O DPOGSPOUP USB MJOHVJTUJ F OPO MJOHVJTUJ #VM[POJ 3PNB <> "OBTUBTJ " 'BM[POF " JO QSFTT ăF SPMF PG WPDBM
DPNNVOJDBUJPO JO UIF DPOTUSVDUJPO PG TPDJBM DPHOJUJPO GSPN 1SJNBUFT UP )VNBO JO 'PMJB 1SJNBUPMPHJDB
66
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă 5041&", B QSJNBUF MPOH OPODPEJOH HFOF XJUI IVNBOTQFDJđD QSPNPUFS SFHVMBUFT EFWFMPQNFOU PG
UIF DBQBDJUZ UP TQFBL
;IJNJOH 'BOH1 %PVHMBT .PSUMPDL2 ;IPOHNJOH ;IBP2 7BMTB &BQFO3 3BZNPOE " $MBSLF1
*OHIBN *OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8FTUFSO 4ZEOFZ 4DIPPM PG .FEJDJOF "VTUSBMJB p 7BOEFSCJMU 6OJWFSTJUZ 4DIPPM PG .FEJDJOF
64" p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /48 4DIPPM PG .FEJDJOF "VTUSBMJB
ăF IVNBO DBQBDJUZ UP TQFBL JT UIF GPVOEBUJPO PG PVS DVMUVSBM UFDIOPMPHJDBM BOE TDJFOUJđD EFWFMPQNFOU ăF QSJNBSZ PSHBO PG
TQFFDI m UIF MBSZOY m FWPMWFE TFRVFOUJBMMZ JO IJHIFS QSJNBUFT ăF ĔFYJCJMJUZ PG UIF MBSZOHFBM KPJOUT BOE MJHBNFOUT FOBCMJOH UIF
DBQBDJUZ GPS TQFFDI FWPMWFE XJUI EFWFMPQNFOUBM DIBOHFT UP UIF BOBUPNZ PG UIF TVQSBMBSZOHFBM WPDBM BQQBSBUVT JO IJHIFS QSJNBUFT
*OUFSFTUJOHMZ B TFRVFODF PG FWPMVUJPOBSZ DIBOHFT UP UIF BOBUPNZ PG UIF XSJTU KPJOU BMTP JODSFBTFE ĔFYJCJMJUZ JO IJHIFS QSJNBUFT
JODSFBTJOH TVQJOBUJPO GSPN UP FOBCMJOH CSBDIJBUJPO )FSF XF EFTDSJCF B MBSHF "VTUSBMJBO GBNJMZ XJUI TFWFSF TQFFDI JN
QBJSNFOU BOE MJNJUFE TVQJOBUJPO
XJUI SFUSPHSBEF EFWFMPQNFOU PG CPUI UIF TVQSBMBSZOHFBM WPDBM BQQBSBUVT BOE XSJTU KPJOUT
$ISPNPTPNF '*4) BOBMZTJT PG BĈFDUFE GBNJMZ NFNCFST JEFOUJđFE EJTSVQUJPO PG B QSFWJPVTMZ VOJEFOUJđFE QSPDFTTFE MPOHOPO
DPEJOH HFOF UIBU XF OBNFE 5041&", 5041&", JT QSJNBUFTQFDJđD BOE BQQFBST UP IBWF FWPMWFE UISPVHI FYPO SFDSVJUNFOU JO
B DPNNPO BODFTUPS PG FYUBOU QSJNBUFT ăF CBTJD TUSVDUVSF PG 5041&", DPOUJOVFE UP FWPMWF JO QSJNBUFT BMPOH XJUI TFRVFOUJBM
EVQMJDBUJPO PG B USBOTDSJQUJPO GBDUPS CJOEJOH TJUF XJUIJO UIF JNNFEJBUF QSPNPUFS PG IJHIFS QSJNBUFT *O WJUSP UFTUJOH JOEJDBUFT DPS
SFTQPOEJOH TFRVFOUJBM JODSFBTF JO 5041&", QSPNPUFS TUSFOHUI JO IJHIFS QSJNBUFT XJUI IVNBO IBWJOH UIF TUSPOHFTU QSPNPUFS
/FX 4*563/"¡ NFUIPEPMPHZ XBT VTFE UP FMVDJEBUF B OPWFM OPODPEJOH SPMF GPS 5041&", USBOTDSJQUJPO MFWFMT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI
UIF TFRVFOUJBM FWPMVUJPOBSZ EFWFMPQNFOU PG UIF MBSZOY BOE XSJTU JO IJHIFS QSJNBUFT BOE UIF DBQBDJUZ UP TQFBL JO IVNBO &WPMVUJPO
PG UIF DBQBDJUZ UP TQFBL BQQFBST UP CF BTTPDJBUFE XJUI 5041&",T SFHVMBUJPO PG BOPUIFS LFZ BTQFDUT
PG QSJNBUF FWPMVUJPO 5JNF
QFSNJUUJOH UIFTF đOEJOHT XJMM CF DPOUFYUVBMJ[FE XJUI SFDFOU JOTJHIUT JOUP UIF OFVSPHFOFUJDT PG TQFFDI EFWFMPQNFOU BOE DPOUSPM
67
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 4USFTT EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE NPMBS NBDSPXFBS JO 1POHP QZHNBFVT B OFX BQQSPBDI UISPVHI 'JOJUF &MFNFOU
BOE 0DDMVTBM 'JOHFSQSJOU "OBMZTFT
-VDB 'JPSFO[B1 4UFGBOP #FOB[[J2,3
&BSUI 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX &OHMBOE "VTUSBMJB p %FQBSUNFOU PG $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB *UBMZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ (FSNBOZ
*O SFDFOU ZFBST UIF TDJFOUJđD DPNNVOJUZ IBT TIPXO BO JODSFBTFE TJHOJđDBOU JOUFSFTU JO UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO CJPNFDIBOJDT BOE
EJFU JO FYUBOU BOE FYUJODU QSJNBUFT .PTU PG UIFTF DPODMVTJPOT XFSF CBTFE PO UIF BOBMZTFT PG DSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ PS VOXPSO UFFUI
)PXFWFS XIJMF UPPUI NPSQIPMPHZ DBO TVHHFTU XIBU UZQF PG GPPE DBO CF QSPDFTTFE EFOUBM XFBS DBO UFMM VT IPX B UPPUI JT VTFE *O
UIJT TUVEZ XF FYBNJOF UIF TUSFTT EJTUSJCVUJPO JO B EJHJUBM NPEFM PG B TFDPOE NBOEJCVMBS NPMBS PG 1POHP QZHNBFVT EVSJOH PDDMVTBM
MPBEJOHT UBLJOH JOUP BDDPVOU UIF NBDSPXFBS QBUUFSO 8F DPNCJOF UPHFUIFS UXP EJĈFSFOU EJHJUBM BQQSPBDIFT 'JOJUF &MFNFOU "OBMZ
TJT '&"
GPS UIF TUVEZ PG TUSFTT EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE UIF 0DDMVTBM 'JOHFSQSJOU "OBMZTJT 0'"
GPS UIF FYBNJOBUJPO PG EFOUBM NBDSPXFBS
ăF 0'" SFTVMUT TIPX B ĔBU XFBS QBUUFSO DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ MBSHF QIBTF ** BOE MBSHF CVDDBM QIBTF * GBDFUT 0O UIF DPOUSBSZ UIF MJOHVBM
QIBTF * GBDFUT BSF MFTT EFWFMPQFE XJUI UIF FYDFQUJPO PG GBDFUT BOE UIBU GPSN BMPOH UIF TMPQFT PG UIF NFUBDPOJE DVTQ ăF '&"
SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU UIF DSFOVMBUFE TVSGBDF PG UIF 1POHP PDDMVTBM DSPXO BDUT UP SFEVDF UFOTJMF TUSFTTFT XIJDI BSF PG MPX NBHOJUVEF
BOE NBJOMZ DPODFOUSBUFE PO UIF PDDMVTBM HSPPWFT ăF QSPUPTUZMJE JT TIBQFE MJLF B CVUUSFTT UP TVĈFS UIF IJHI UFOTJMF TUSFTTFT UIBU
JOTJTU JO UIF EFFQ CVDDBM HSPPWF ăF NPMBS PG 1POHP TFFNT UP SFTJTUT WFSZ XFMM UP DSVTIJOH BOE HSJOEJOH TUSFTTFT QIBTF ** GBDFUT
XIJDI BSF UZQJDBM PG B EJFU UIBU JODMVEFT IBSE GPPE PCKFDUT TVDI BT TFFET CBSL BOE VOSJQF GSVJUT 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE UIF TUSFTT EJTUSJ
CVUJPO PO UIF NFUBDPOJE JT TMJHIUFS IJHIFS BOE QSPCBCMZ SFMBUFE UP B TIFBSJOH BDUJPO XIFSF UIF GPSDFT BSF EJSFDUFE QBSBMMFM UP UIF
DPOUBDU QMBOF
ăF MPX CMVOU DVTQT UIF UIJDL FOBNFM UIF DSFOVMBUFE PDDMVTBM TVSGBDF BOE UIF QSPUPTUZMJE BSF JNQPSUBOU EFOUBM GFB
UVSFT UIBU DPODVS UP SFEVDF UIF UFOTJMF TUSFTTFT JO PSBOHVUBOT NPMBST ăJT OPWFM DPNQVUFSCBTFE BQQSPBDI UIBU JOUFHSBUFT UPHFUIFS
SFDFOU EFWFMPQNFOUT JO EFOUBM NBDSPXFBS BOE '&" DBO QPUFOUJBMMZ CFDPNF B WBMVBCMF UPPM UP BEWBODF PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF
EJFU NPSQIPMPHZ BOE FWPMVUJPO PG FYUJODU IPNJOJO TQFDJFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT TUVEZ XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX &OHMBOE 6/& 3FTFBSDI 4FFE (SBOU 6/& 1BSU
OFSTIJQT BOE 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX &OHMBOE $BSFFS %FWFMPQNFOU "XBSE GPS &BSMZ $BSFFS 3FTFBSDIFST
68
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B &MVDJEBUJOH %JĈFSFODFT JO UIF 'FFEJOH &DPMPHZ PG &YUBOU "QFT 6TJOH 'JOJUF &MFNFOU "OBMZTJT
-BVSB $ 'JUUPO1 1IJM +3 .PSSJT2
$FOUSF GPS "OBUPNJDBM BOE )VNBO 4DJFODFT )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM 6OJWFSTJUZ PG :PSL 6, p $FOUSF GPS "OBUPNJDBM
BOE )VNBO 4DJFODFT )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM 6OJWFSTJUZ PG )VMM 6,
*O SFDFOU ZFBST UIF FOHJOFFSJOH UFDIOJRVF đOJUF FMFNFOU BOBMZTJT '&"
IBT CFFO BEPQUFE JOUP UIF TUVEZ PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO UP
QSFEJDU UIF TUSFTTFT BOE TUSBJOT FYQFSJFODFE CZ IBSE UJTTVF XIFO FYQPTFE UP WBSJPVT MPBEJOH DPOEJUJPOT 6TJOH UIJT UFDIOJRVF BT
TVNQUJPOT BCPVU GVODUJPOBM BEBQUBUJPOT UP EJĈFSFOU EJFUBSZ OJDIFT BOE GFFEJOH FDPMPHJFT IBWF CFFO NBEF GPS GPTTJM IPNJOJOT QBS
UJDVMBSMZ UIF BVTUSBMPQJUIT IPXFWFS XF TUJMM IBWF WFSZ MJUUMF VOEFSTUBOEJOH BT UP IPX WBSJBUJPOT JO UIF QSFEJDUJPOT PG TUSFTT BOE TUSBJO
BDUVBMMZ SFĔFDU EJFU FWFO JO FYUBOU TQFDJNFOT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT BOE (PSJMMB CFSJOHFJ CFSJOHFJ QSPWJEF BO JEFBM PQQPSUVOJUZ UP JOWFTUJ
HBUF UIJT CFJOH DMPTFMZ SFMBUFE ZFU IBWJOH EJTUJODU NPSQIPMPHJFT BOE LOPXO EJTUJODU EJFUT ( C CFSJOHFJ JT IJHIMZ GPMJWPSPVT XIJMTU
1 USPHMPEZUFT JT NPSF PNOJWPSPVT BOE HFOFSBMJTUJD JO JUT GFFEJOH SFQFSUPJSF "T B DPOTFRVFODF PG JUT BCSBTJWF GPMJWPSPVT EJFU JU DPVME
CF FYQFDUFE UIBU ( C CFSJOHFJ XPVME TIPX B HSFBUFS SFTJTUBODF UP TUSFTT BOE TUSBJO EVSJOH NPMBS CJUFT UIBO JODJTPS CJUFT DPNQBSFE
UP UIF NPSF HFOFSBMJTU 1 USPHMPEZUFT ăJT TUVEZ JOWFTUJHBUFT XIFUIFS SFMBUJWF QBUUFSOT PG TUSBJO QSFEJDUFE WJB '&" JO UIFTF UXP FY
UBOU BQFT SFĔFDU UIFJS EJFUBSZ BEBQUBUJPOT 5XP GFNBMF DSBOJB XFSF WJSUVBMMZ SFDPOTUSVDUFE GSPN NFEJDBM $5 TDBOT BOE DPOWFSUFE
JOUP đOJUF FMFNFOU NPEFMT " TFSJFT PG MPBEJOH TDFOBSJPT XFSF EFWJTFE UP DPNQBSF JODJTPS WT NPMBS CJUFT BU / BOE DPNQBSBCMF
NBYJNVN CJUF GPSDFT JO CPUI TQFDJNFOT 4USBJOT SFDPSEFE EVSJOH NPMBS MPBEJOH JO ( C CFSJOHFJ XFSF TJHOJđDBOUMZ MPXFS UIBO UIPTF
EVSJOH JODJTPS CJUFT QBSUJDVMBSMZ JO UIF TVCOBTBM BOE [ZHPNBYJMMBSZ SFHJPO ăJT TVHHFTUT ( C CFSJOHFJ JT BEBQUFE UP SFTJTU NFDIBO
JDBM MPBET EVSJOH NPMBS CJUFT NPSF UIBO JODJTPS CJUFT )PXFWFS UIF SFTVMUT PG 1 USPHMPEZUFT BMTP TIPXFE B TJNJMBS USFOE *OEFFE
XIJMF PWFSBMM MFWFMT PG TUSBJO XFSF IJHIFS GPS CPUI MPBE DBTFT JO 1 USPHMPEZUFT DPNQBSFE UP ( C CFSJOHFJ UIF SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU 1
USPHMPEZUFT FYQFSJFODFT B SFMBUJWFMZ IJHIFS MFWFM PG TUSBJO EVSJOH BO JODJTPS CJUF DPOUSBSZ UP PVS JOJUJBM QSFEJDUJPO ăF QBUUFSOT PG
TUSBJO SFDPSEFE GPS UIFTF UXP NPSQIPMPHJDBMMZ BOE EJFUBSJMZ EJTUJODU BQFT XFSF OPU IVHFMZ EJTTJNJMBS BOE EJĈFSFODFT DPVME OPU FBT
JMZ CF SFMBUFE UP EJFUBSZ TUSBUFHZ 4FWFSBM SFBTPOT DPVME FYQMBJO UIFTF đOEJOHT JODMVEJOH UIF TFOTJUJWJUZ PG UIJT JOWFTUJHBUJPO UP PĕFO
VOLOPXO PS TJNQMJđFE JOQVU QBSBNFUFST BOE EJċDVMUJFT XIFO DPNQBSJOH UIF SFTVMUT PG '& NPEFMT )PXFWFS UIJT TUVEZ IJHIMJHIUT
UIF EJċDVMUZ JO USZJOH UP JOGFS EJFUBSZ FDPMPHZ GSPN UIF SFTVMUT PG '&" BOE IPX MJUUMF XF LOPX BCPVU SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO EJFU
GFFEJOH CFIBWJPVS BOE UIF TLVMMT BEBQUBUJPO UP NBTUJDBUPSZ MPBET *O DPODMVTJPO UIJT TUVEZ TVHHFTUT DBVUJPO TIPVME CF UBLFO XIFO
VTJOH UIJT UFDIOJRVF GPS UIF FMVDJEBUJPO PG GFFEJOH CFIBWJPVST BOE EJFU QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFO FYBNJOJOH GPTTJMT
69
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S -PXFS .BHEBMFOJBO -JUIJD 3BX .BUFSJBM $POTFSWBUJPO JO $BOUBCSJBO 4QBJO
-JTB . 'POUFT1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX .FYJDP
*OUSPEVDUJPO 3FDFOU MJUIJD TUVEJFT GSBNFE JO )VNBO #FIBWJPSBM &DPMPHZ IBWF GPDVTFE PO IPX IVNBO HSPVQT PQUJNJ[FE UFDI
OPMPHZ UP BEBQU UP WBSJBCMF MBOETDBQFT < > &OWJSPONFOUT QPTF JOIFSFOU GPSBHJOH SJTLT EVF UP SFTPVSDF JOTUBCJMJUZ PS WBSJB
UJPO IVNBO HSPVQT QFSDFJWFE BOE SFTQPOEFE UP UIFTF DJSDVNTUBODFT UP SFNBJO PQUJNBM < > 5FDIOPMPHJDBM PQUJNBMJUZ DPVME CF
BDIJFWFE UISPVHI DSFBUJPO PG TUBCMF XPSLJOH BTTFNCMBHFTDPMMFDUJPOT PG DPSFT CMBOLT BOE UPPMT UIBU XFSF UBTLBEKVTUBCMF BOE DPVME
CF NBJOUBJOFE UISPVHI TUSBUFHJD QSPWJTJPOJOH BOE DPOTFSWBUJPO 'MFYJCMF BOE TUBCMF XPSLJOH BTTFNCMBHFT XFSF BEBQUJWFMZ FTTFOUJBM
JO UIF FOWJSPONFOUBMMZ EJWFSTF $BOUBCSJBO MBOETDBQF ăJT QBQFS FWBMVBUFT MJUIJD DPOTFSWBUJPO EVSJOH UIF -PXFS $BOUBCSJBO .BH
EBMFOJBO D LZB DBM #1 -$.
VTJOH B OFXMZ EFWFMPQFE $POTFSWBUJPO *OEFY $*
BOE BSHVFT UIBU -BTU (MBDJBM GPSBHFST
CBMBODFE GPVS QSJODJQBM TUSBUFHJFT UP TBGFHVBSE UPPM TUPOF BOE NBJOUBJO TUBCMF BTTFNCMBHFT .BUFSJBMT BOE .FUIPET -JUIJD UPPMT
BOE EFCSJT GSPN TFWFO -$. BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPOUFYUT BU GPVS TJUFT "MUBNJSB &M +VZP &M .JSÓO BOE &M 3BTDBÒP
XFSF BOBMZ[FE BOE
UPPMT DMBTTJđFE VTJOH UIF EF 4POOFWJMMF#PSEFT BOE 1FSSPU 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD UZQPMPHZ 5PPM DMBTTJđDBUJPOT XFSF FWBMVBUFE VTJOH UIF
$* XIJDI TVNNBSJ[FT UPPMLJU DPOTFSWBUJPO WJB DVNVMBUJWF QFSDFOUBHFT PG GPVS TUSBUFHJFT FWJEFOU JO UPPM DMBTTJđDBUJPOT B
VTF PG
CJQPMBS SFEVDUJPO UFDIOJRVFT FWJEFODF PG TVQQMFNFOUJOH XPSLJOH BTTFNCMBHFT XJUI SBX NBUFSJBMT PG MPXFS RVBMJUZ PS QSPDFTTJOH
EJċDVMUZ
C
SFQVSQPTJOH FYIBVTUFE DPSFT D
SFNPEJGZJOH UPPMT BOE E
SFKVWFOBUJOH UPPMT $* WBMVFT XFSF DPNQBSFE BU FBDI
-$. TJUF UP VOEFSTUBOE IVNBO BEBQUJWF SFTQPOTFT UP SFTPVSDF JOTUBCJMJUJFT JO SFMBUJPO UP MBOETDBQF WBSJBCJMJUZ 3FTVMUT 1SFMJNJOBSZ
BOBMZTFT JOEJDBUF UIBU B
XPSLJOH BTTFNCMBHF DPOTFSWBUJPO XBT TUSPOHMZ UJFE UP SBX NBUFSJBM BWBJMBCJMJUZ EVSJOH UIF -$. UIF GVS
UIFS B TJUF GSPN #BTRVF SFHJPO IJHI RVBMJUZ UPPM TUPOF PVUDSPQT UIF HSFBUFS JUT $* WBMVF C
XIJMF DPOTFSWBUJPO WJB SFKVWFOBUJPO BOE
SFNPEJđDBUJPO PG UPPMT XBT DPOTJTUFOU BU BMM GPVS TJUFT SFQVSQPTJOH DPSFT BOE VTF PG TVQQMFNFOUBM QSPWJTJPOJOH XFSF NPSF WBSJBCMF
CFIBWJPST UIBU XFSF MJLFMZ DMPTFMZ UJFE UP TFUUMFNFOU QBUUFSOT TJUF MPDBUJPOT BOE MPDBM UPPM TUPOF RVBMJUZ BOE D
CJQPMBS SFEVDUJPO
XBT BO JNQPSUBOU TUSBUFHZ VTFE UP TVQQMFNFOU BTTFNCMBHFT XJUI CMBOLT PG MPXFS RVBMJUZ ĔJOUT PS RVBSU[JUFT FTQFDJBMMZ BU DFOUSBM
$BOUBCSJBO TJUFT XIFSF PG UPPM BTTFNCMBHFT BSF TQMJOUFSFE QJFDFT 6TF PG CJQPMBS SFEVDUJPO XBT BMTP EJSFDUMZ DPSSFMBUFE UP
EJTUBODF GSPN IJHIRVBMJUZ #BTRVF DPVOUSZ ĔJOU TPVSDFT 0WFSBMM UIJT SFTFBSDI IBT TIPXO UIBU -$. GPSBHFST EJĈFSFOUJBMMZ VTFE UIF
GPVS TUSBUFHJFT NBSLFE JO UIF $* UP BEBQUJWFMZ NBJOUBJO BTTFNCMBHFT XIFO IJHIRVBMJUZ SBX NBUFSJBMT XFSF TDBSDF 'VSUIFS TDIFEVMFE
BOBMZTFT PG OJOF BEEJUJPOBM .BHEBMFOJBO DPMMFDUJPOT XJMM QSPWJEF B XJEFS MFOT UISPVHI XIJDI UP WJFX BEBQUJWFZFUWBSJBCMF .BHEBMF
OJBO DPOTFSWBUJPO CFIBWJPS BOE FOBCMF DPNQSFIFOTJWF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG -BTU (MBDJBM NPCJMJUZ BTTFNCMBHF WBSJBUJPO BOE UPPM TUPOF
QSPWJTJPOJOH JO $BOUBCSJB
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF /BUJPOBM 4DJFODF 'PVOEBUJPO %PDUPSBM %JTTFSUBUJPO *NQSPWFNFOU (SBOU
BOE UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX .FYJDP -BUJO "NFSJDBO BOE *CFSJBO *OTUJUVUF 1I% 'FMMPXTIJQ
3FGFSFODFT<> 4VSPWFMM 5" 5PXBSE B #FIBWJPSBM &DPMPHZ PG -JUIJD 5FDIOPMPHZ $BTFT GSPN 1BMFPJOEJBO "SDIBFPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SJ[POB
1SFTT 5VDTPO <> #MFFE 1 ăF 0QUJNBM %FTJHO PG )VOUJOH 8FBQPOT .BJOUBJOBCJMJUZ PS 3FMJBCJMJUZ "N "OUJRVJUZ <> #PVTNBO
$# )VOUFSHBUIFSFS "EBQUBUJPOT &DPOPNJD 3JTL BOE 5PPM %FTJHO -JUIJD 5FDIOPM <> 'PMFZ 3 0QUJNBMJUZ ăFPSZ JO
"OUISPQPMPHZ .BO <> .BD"SUIVS 3) BOE 1JBOLB &3 0O 0QUJNBM 6TF PG B 1BUDIZ &OWJSPONFOU "N /BU 70
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B " NPSQIPNFUSJD BOBMZTJT PG UIF IPNJOJO EFDJEVPVT MPXFS TFDPOE NPMBS *B
GSPN 2FTFN $BWF
$JO[JB 'PSOBJ1 4UFGBOP #FOB[[J2,3 "WJ (PQIFS4 3BO #BSLBJ4 3BDIFM 4BSJH5 *TSBFM )FSTILPWJU[ 5 (FSIBSE 8 8FCFS1,6
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7JFOOB p %FQBSUNFOU PG $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 5FM "WJW
6OJWFSTJUZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OBUPNZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 5FM "WJW 6OJWFSTJUZ p $PSF 'BDJMJUZ GPS .JDSP$PNQVUFE
5PNPHSBQIZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7JFOOB "VTUSJB
ăF IPNJOJO GPTTJM SFDPSE GSPN UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF 2FTFN $BWF 2$
JT SFQSFTFOUFE CZ TFWFSBM XFMM QSFTFSWFE QFSNBOFOU
BOE EFDJEVPVT UFFUI ăFTF EFOUBM SFNBJOT IBWF CFFO RVBMJUBUJWFMZ EFTDSJCFE CZ )FSTILPWJU[ BOE DPMMFBHVFT <> BOE B HFPNFUSJD
NPSQIPNFUSJD JOWFTUJHBUJPO IBT CFFO QFSGPSNFE GPS TPNF PG UIF QFSNBOFOU MPXFS QPTUFSJPS UFFUI <> ăF UBYPOPNZ GPS UIF 2$
IPNJOJO IBT OPU ZFU CFFO SFTPMWFE TJODF UIF EFOUBM SFNBJOT TIPXFE B DPNQMFY BENJYUVSF PG BSDIBJD BOE EFSJWFE NPSQIPMPHJDBM
GFBUVSFT BOE VOVTVBM TJ[F WBSJBUJPO 8JUI UIF BJN UP FOIBODF UIF DVSSFOU LOPXMFEHF PG .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF EFOUBM WBSJBCJMJUZ BOE
2$ UBYPOPNJD BUUSJCVUJPO XF GPDVTFE PO *B MPXFS TFDPOE EFDJEVPVT NPMBS EN2 XIJDI XF JOWFTUJHBUFE UISPVHI (FPNFUSJD
.PSQIPNFUSJD (.
UFDIOJRVFT CBTFE PO DSPXO BOE DFSWJDBM PVUMJOFT GSPN % TVSGBDF NPEFMT *B XBT DPNQBSFE UP B TBNQMF
PG EN2 T GSPN GPTTJM BOE SFDFOU BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO IVNBO ".)
BOE /FBOEFSUIBM /&"
JOEJWJEVBMT 8F QSPEVDFE %
TVSGBDF NPEFMT GSPN $5 EBUB BOE PSJFOUFE UIF WJSUVBM DSPXOT XJUI CFTUđU QMBOF QBSBMMFM UP UIF 9:QMBOF BOE MJOHVBM NBSHJO
QBSBMMFM UP UIF 9BYJT
JO PSEFS UP DPMMFDU CPUI DSPXO BOE DFSWJDBM PVUMJOFT <> &BDI PVUMJOF XBT SFQSFTFOUFE CZ QTFVEPMBOENBSLT
JEFOUJđFE CZ B GBO PG FRVJBOHVMBSMZ TQBDFE SBEJJ PVU PG UIF DFOUSPJE PG UIF PVUMJOF JUTFMG ăF MBOENBSL DPOđHVSBUJPOT XFSF TV
QFSJNQPTFE UISPVHI (FOFSBM 1SPDSVTUFT "OBMZTJT BOE B 1SJODJQBM $PNQPOFOU "OBMZTJT XBT QFSGPSNFE PO CPUI TIBQF BOE GPSN
DPPSEJOBUFT DPOTJEFSJOH DFSWJDBM BOE DSPXO PVUMJOFT TFQBSBUFMZ ".) BOE /&" QSFTFOUFE B EJTUJODU TIBQF JO UFSNT PG CPUI DSPXO
PVUMJOF 1$ 1$
BOE DFSWJDBM PVUMJOF 1$ 1$
ăF NBJO DSPXO PVUMJOF WBSJBUJPO SF
TQPOTJCMF GPS UIF TFQBSBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF UXP IPNJOJO HSPVQT XBT JO UIF SFMBUJWF EJNFOTJPO PG UIF EJTUBM BOE NFTJBM SFHJPOT XIFSF
/&" BOE *B QPTTFTTFE B SFMBUJWFMZ CSPBEFS EJTUBM BTQFDU /&" DFSWJDBM PVUMJOF XBT SBUIFS TRVBSFE XIJMF JO ".) UIF CVDDP
EJTUBM BTQFDU XBT SFEVDFE 2BG[FI ".) TIPXFE NPSQIPMPHJDBM BċOJUZ UP /&" GPS JUT DSPXO PVUMJOF XIJMF UIF PUIFS -FWBOUJOF
.JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TQFDJNFO 4LIVM * XBT BMXBZT XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG WBSJBCJMJUZ PG ".) *B BMMJFE XJUI /&" GPS CPUI PVUMJOFT
4J[F EPFT OPU EJTUJOHVJTI CFUXFFO HSPVQT TJODF ".) BOE /&" XJEFMZ PWFSMBQ JO GPSN TQBDF JO CPUI DSPXO BOE DFSWJDBM PVUMJOF
BOBMZTFT 1$ BOE SFTQFDUJWFMZ
*B BOE 2BG[FI QMPU BU UIF IJHIFTU FOE PG UIF TJ[F SBOHF PG WBSJBCJMJUZ GPS
UIF WFSZ MBSHF TJ[FT PG CPUI PVUMJOFT *B TIPXFE NPSQIPMPHJDBM BċOJUJFT UP /&" GPS UIF TIBQF BOE TJ[F PG JUT DSPXO BOE DFSWJ
DBM PVUMJOFT ăJT PCTFSWBUJPO JT JO BDDPSE XJUI UIF đOEJOHT PG 8FCFS BOE DPMMFBHVFT <> GPS 2$ QFSNBOFOU MPXFS TFDPOE NPMBS
)PXFWFS UIF DPOUSBTUJOH SFTVMUT GPS 2$ QSFNPMBST TIBQF BOE TJ[F TVHHFTU DBVUJPO JO JOUFSQSFUJOH EFOUBM NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBCJM
JUZ XJUIJO .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT " MBSHFS .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TBNQMF XPVME QPTTJCMZ QSPWJEF NPSF UBYPOPNJD JOTJHIUT "
QSFMJNJOBSZ BOBMZTJT PG UIF &%+ % NPSQIPMPHZ DPOđSNFE UIF BċOJUZ PG *B UP /&" CVU TIPXFE BMTP TPNF NPSQIPMPHJDBM
QFDVMJBSJUJFT UIBU EJTUJOHVJTIFE *B GSPN CPUI /&" BOE ".)
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT đOBODJBMMZ TVQQPSUFE CZ 4JHGSJFE -VEXJH 3VEPMG 4MBWJDFL 4UJQFOEJFOTUJĕVOH 8JFO
8JEFSIPGFSQMBU[ 1SPKFDU OVNCFS '"
3FGFSFODFT<> )FSTILPWJU[ * 4NJUI 1 4BSJH 3 õVBN 3 3PESÎHVF[ - (BSDÎB 3 "STVBHB +- #BSLBJ 3 (PQIFS " .JEEMF QMFJTUPDFOF
EFOUBM SFNBJOT GSPN 2FTFN $BWF *TSBFM
"NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ <> 8FCFS ( 8 'PSOBJ $ (PQIFS " #BSLBJ
3 4BSJH 3 )FSTILPWJU[ * ăF 2FTFN $BWF NBOEJCVMBS QSFNPMBST BOE NPMBS GSPN B NPSQIPNFUSJD QFSTQFDUJWF "NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM
"OUISPQPMPHZ QQ <> #FOB[[J 4 'PSOBJ $ #VUJ - 5PVTTBJOU . .BMMFHOJ ' 3JDDJ 4 (SVQQJPOJ ( 8FCFS (8 $POEFNJ 4
3PODIJUFMMJ " $FSWJDBM BOE DSPXO PVUMJOF BOBMZTJT PG XPSO /FBOEFSUIBM BOE NPEFSO IVNBO MPXFS TFDPOE EFDJEVPVT NPMBST "NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG
1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ 71
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S %JE B MPOHFS iGVODUJPOBMu MVNCBS TQJOF JO FBSMZ IPNJOJET GBDJMJUBUF UIF FWPMVUJPO PG UIF MVNCBS MPSEPTJT
/BLJUB 'SBUFS1 /PÊNJF #POOFBV2 4BOESB .BUIFXT1 $ISJTUJOF 5BSEJFV2 .BSUJO )BFVTMFS1
$FOUSF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ .FEJDJOF 6OJWFSTJUÅU ;ÛSJDI 4XJU[FSMBOE p .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF 1BSJT 'SBODF
ăF MVNCBS MPSEPTJT JT POF PG UIF IBMMNBSLT PG IVNBO CJQFEBMJTN *UT FWPMVUJPO JO FBSMZ IPNJOJET JT UIPVHIU UP IBWF CFFO GBDJMJ
UBUFE CZ B MPOHFS iGVODUJPOBMu MVNCBS TQJOF DPNQBSFE UP UIBU PG NPEFSO IVNBOT <> ăF SFDFOU EJTDPWFSZ PG B QBSUJBM WFSUFCSBM
DPMVNO PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB EFNPOTUSBUFT UIBU BMM LOPXO FBSMZ IPNJOJE GPTTJMT IBE B MPOHFS iGVODUJPOBMu MVNCBS TQJOF UIBO
UIF NBKPSJUZ PG NPEFSO IVNBOT EFTQJUF UIF TBNF TFHNFOUBUJPO QBUUFSO ăF TPDBMMFE GVODUJPOBM EFđOJUJPO PG TQJOBM SFHJPOT JT
CBTFE PO BSUJDVMBUJPO UZQFT BOE UIF QPTJUJPO PG UIF BOUJDMJOBM WFSUFCSB < > ăJT EFđOJUJPO JT PĕFO QSFGFSSFE PWFS UIF USBEJUJPOBM
QSFTFODFBCTFODF PG NPWBCMF SJCT CFDBVTF UIF QPTJUJPO PG CPUI UIF BOUJDMJOBM BOE UIF USBOTJUJPOBM WFSUFCSB CFBSJOH UIPSBDJDUZQF
BSUJDVMBUJPOT TVQFSJPSMZ BOE MVNCBSUZQF POFT JOGFSJPSMZ JT DMPTFMZ DPSSFMBUFE UP MPDPNPUPS UZQFT JO QSJNBUFT *O FBSMZ IPNJOJET UIF
USBOTJUJPOBM WFSUFCSB JT BMXBZT BU 5 JODMVEJOH .) " TFEJCB
4UT BOE 4UX " BĚJDBOVT
BOE ,/.85 )PNP
FSFDUVT
*O NPEFSO IVNBOT JU NPSF GSFRVFOUMZ PDDVST BU 5 JF UIF MBTU SJCCFBSJOH WFSUFCSB < > )FSF XF UFTU UIF IZQPUIFTJT
UIBU B MPOHFS iGVODUJPOBMu MVNCBS SFHJPO SFĔFDUT B HSFBUFS NPCJMJUZ BOE UIVT HSFBUFS DBQBDJUZ GPS MPSEPTJT 8F BOBMZ[FE TFHNFOUBM
NPCJMJUZ GPS ĔFYJPOFYUFOTJPO JO GVODUJPOBM MVNCBS SBEJPHSBQIT PG QBUJFOUT CZ NFBTVSJOH UIF BOHMFT CFUXFFO UIF FOEQMBUFT PG
BEKBDFOU WFSUFCSBF PO MBUFSBM 9SBZT JO NBYJNBM ĔFYJPO BOE NBYJNBM FYUFOTJPO ăF SFBTPOT GPS DPOTVMUBUJPO JODMVEFE VOTQFDJđD
MPX CBDL QBJO TQPOEZMPMJTUIFTJT BOE B IJTUPSZ PG EJTD IFSOJBUJPO JO UIF MPXFS MVNCBS TQJOF ăFTF QBUIPMPHJFT NJHIU EJTUVSC TQJOBM
NPCJMJUZ MPDBMMZ CVU UIFSF XBT OP JOEJDBUJPO UIBU UIFZ BĈFDUFE NPCJMJUZ BU UIF UIPSBDPMVNCBS CPSEFS " ."/$07" TIPXFE OP
JOĔVFODF PG UIF QPTJUJPO PG UIF USBOTJUJPOBM WFSUFCSB BOE GBDFU KPJOU PSJFOUBUJPO SFTQFDUJWFMZ POUP TFHNFOUBM NPCJMJUZ JO UIF TBHJU
UBM QMBOF ăJT DIBMMFOHFT UIF GVODUJPOBM TJHOJđDBODF PG WFSUFCSBM BSUJDVMBUJPO UZQFT XJUI SFTQFDU UP UIF FWPMVUJPO PG B IVNBOMJLF
MPSEPTJT BOE CJQFEBMJTN .PSFPWFS XF GPVOE OP TVQQPSU GPS UIF OPUJPO UIBU B EFđOJUJPO PG TQJOBM SFHJPOT CBTFE PO BSUJDVMBUJPO
UZQFT TIPVME CF QSFGFSSFE PWFS UIF USBEJUJPOBM EFđOJUJPO CBTFE PO UIF QSFTFODF PG NPWBCMF SJCT ăJT JT DPSSPCPSBUFE CZ UIF BCTFODF
PG BO BOUJDMJOBM WFSUFCSB JO IPNJOPJET *G UIFSF XBT BO FWPMVUJPOBSZ BEWBOUBHF PG B MPOHFS iGVODUJPOBMu MVNCBS TQJOF JU SBUIFS NJHIU
MJF JO SPUBUJPOBM TUBCJMJUZ UIBO JO TBHJUUBM NPCJMJUZ 3PUBUJPOBM TUBCJMJUZ JT JNQPSUBOU JO DMJNCJOH <> 8F UIFSFGPSF DPODMVEF UIBU UIF
NPSF DSBOJBMMZ QPTJUJPOFE USBOTJUJPOBM WFSUFCSB PG FBSMZ IPNJOJET DPNQBSFE UP NPEFSO IVNBOT NJHIU SFĔFDU B DMJNCJOH BEBQUBUJPO
SBUIFS UIBO CFJOH DPSSFMBUFE UP UIF FWPMVUJPO PG MPSEPTJT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8JUI UIBOL UIF .ÅYJ 'PVOEBUJPO GPS đOBODJBM TVQQPSU
3FGFSFODFT<> -BUJNFS # 8BSE $7 ăF UIPSBDJD BOE MVNCBS WFSUFCSBF *O 8BMLFS " -FBLFZ 3 &ET
ăF /BSJPLPUPNF )PNP FSFDUVT
4LFMFUPO 4QSJOHFS #FSMJO QQ <> 8BTICVSO 4- #VFUUOFS+BOVTDI + ăF EFđOJUJPO PG UIPSBDJD BOE MVNCBS WFSUFCSBF "N + 1IZT
"OUISPQPM <> &SJLTPO (& #SBDIJBUJPO JO /FX 8PSME NPOLFZT BOE JO BOUISPQPJE BQFT 4ZNQ ;PPM 4PD -POE <> )BFVTMFS
. 4DIJFTT 3 #PFOJ 5 /FX WFSUFCSBM BOE SJC NBUFSJBM QPJOU UP NPEFSO CBVQMBO PG UIF /BSJPLPUPNF )PNP FSFDUVT TLFMFUPO + )VN &WPM <> )BFVTMFS . 4DIJFTT 3 #PFOJ 5 .PEFSO PS EJTUJODU BYJBM CBVQMBO JO FBSMZ IPNJOJOT " SFQMZ UP 8JMMJBNT + )VN &WPM 72
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 3FFWBMVBUJPO PG UIF 1MFJTUPDFOF BOE )PMPDFOF MPOH CPOF SPCVTUJDJUZ USFOET XJUI SFHBSET UP
BHFBUEFBUI FTUJNBUFT BOE TJ[F TUBOEBSEJ[BUJPO QSPDFEVSFT
-VLÃØ 'SJFEM1 4UBOJTMBWB &JTPWÃ1 5SFOUPO )PMMJEBZ2
%FQU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8FTU #PIFNJB p %FQU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 5VMBOF 6OJWFSTJUZ
4FWFSBM BVUIPST FH <> <>
EFDMBSF B EFDSFBTJOH SPCVTUJDJUZ USFOE PG MPXFS MJNC MPOH CPOFT JO UIF HFOVT )PNP UISPVHI UJNF
GSPN UIF &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF VOUJM QSFTFOU ăJT USFOE JT VTVBMMZ JOUFSQSFUFE BT B DPOTFRVFODF PG EFDSFBTJOH MFWFMT PG NPCJMJUZ BOE BD
UJWJUZ QBUUFSOT DIBOHFT JO MJGFTUZMF BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM GBDUPST ăFSF JT BMTP FWJEFODF PG JODSFBTJOH SPCVTUJDJUZ PWFS UIF JOEJWJEVBM
MJGFTQBOT <> <> 4VDI BO JODSFBTF JT DBVTFE CZ DPOUJOVPVT CPOF SFNPEFMJOH XIJDI PQUJNJ[FT UIF TUSVDUVSF PG B CPOF UP FĈFDUJWFMZ
SFTJTU NFDIBOJDBM MPBEJOH BOE BU UIF TBNF UJNF BDUT NPSF QSPHSFTTJWFMZ PO UIF TJEF PG TVCQFSJPTUFBM BQQPTJUJPO UIBO PO UIF TJEF PG
SFTPSQUJPO ăJT QBQFS JT BJNFE BU SFFYQMPSJOH UFNQPSBM USFOET JO SPCVTUJDJUZ PG MPXFS MJNC MPOH CPOFT XJUIJO UIF HFOVT )PNP JO
UIF 1MFJTUPDFOF BOE &BSMZ )PMPDFOF ăF QSJODJQMF RVFTUJPOT UFTUFE BSF XIFUIFS UIF DPOTJEFSBUJPO PG BHFBUEFBUI PG 1MFJTUPDFOF
BOE )PMPDFOF JOEJWJEVBMT DBO DPOGPVOE JO BOZ XBZ QVCMJTIFE SPCVTUJDJUZ USFOET HJWFO UIF GBDU UIBU SPCVTUJDJUZ UFOET UP JODSFBTF
PWFS UIF JOEJWJEVBM MJGFTQBOT $SPTTTFDUJPOBM EJBQIZTFBM QSPQFSUJFT PG UIF NJETIBĕ BOE QSPYJNBM GFNVS BOE NJETIBĕ UJCJB PG 1MFJT
UPDFOF BOE &BSMZ )PMPDFOF JOEJWJEVBMT UPHFUIFS XJUI UIF EBUB PO BHFBUEFBUI BSF VTFE UP BOBMZ[F DIBOHFT JO SPCVTUJDJUZ JO SFMBUJPO
UP BHF BOE FWPMVUJPOBSZ UJNF 'VMMZ BXBSF PG UIF QSPCMFNBUJD OBUVSF PG UIF BHFBUEFBUI FTUJNBUJPO JF WFSZ MPX SFMJBCJMJUZ PG IJHI
QSFDJTJPO FTUJNBUFT BOE WJDF WFSTB
XF GFFM MJLF TVDI BO BQQSPBDI DPVME TIFE OFX MJHIU PO UIF SPCVTUJDJUZ USFOET ăF SFTVMUT TIPX
JODSFBTJOH SPCVTUJDJUZ JO BEVMUIPPE VOUJM UIF GPVSUI EFDBEF BOE UIFO B TMJHIU EFDSFBTF BO PCTFSWBUJPO UIBU DPOGPSNT UP UIF QSFWJ
PVTMZ QVCMJTIFE SFTVMUT PO SFDFOU IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT )PXFWFS OP TJHOJđDBOU JNQBDU PG BHFBUEFBUI UP SPCVTUJDJUZ USFOET IBT CFFO
EFUFDUFE *O BMM PG UIF UFNQPSBM TBNQMFT BOBMZ[FE UIFSF JT B TJNJMBS EJTUSJCVUJPO PG BMM BHF HSPVQT XJUI NPSF PS MFTT FWFO EJTUSJCVUJPO
PG ZPVOHFS BOE PMEFS JOEJWJEVBMT ăF EFDSFBTJOH UFNQPSBM USFOE PG SPCVTUJDJUZ QVCMJTIFE CZ 3VĈ FU BM <> XBT SFWJFXFE BOE
DPVME OPU CF WFSJđFE $POUSBSZ UP UIF FYQFDUBUJPOT JU TFFNT UIBU UIF MPOH CPOF SPCVTUJDJUZ ĔVDUVBUFE JO QBTU QPQVMBUJPOT NBJOMZ BT
B DPOTFRVFODF PG DIBOHFT JO DMJNBUF BOE UP B MFTTFS EFHSFF UIFJS NPCJMJUZ QBUUFSOT .PSFPWFS TJODF UXP EJĈFSFOU BQQSPBDIFT UP TJ[F
TUBOEBSEJ[BUJPO PG DSPTTTFDUJPO QSPQFSUJFT IBWF CFFO VUJMJ[FE JO UIJT TUVEZ CPEZ NBTT WT CPOF MFOHUI TUBOEBSEJ[BUJPO
BOE ZJFMEFE
DPOUSBEJDUPSZ SFTVMUT XF DBO DPOđSN QSFWJPVT BTTFSUJPO <> UIBU JOGFSFODFT NBEF GSPN UIF SPCVTUJDJUZ NFBTVSFT DBO WFSZ FBTJMZ CF
TLFXFE CZ UIF TUBOEBSEJ[BUJPO QSPDFEVSFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT QSPKFDU XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ B 1PTUEPD TVQQPSU PG UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8FTU #PIFNJB B /FX 5FDIOPMPHJFT GPS
3FTFBSDI PG $POUFNQPSBSZ BOE 1BTU 4PDJFUJFT (SBOU (SBOU OVNCFS 017, /05&4 $;
BOE CZ UIF HSBOU
BHFODZ PG UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8FTU #PIFNJB HSBOU OVNCFS 4(4
3FGFSFODFT<> 3VĈ $# 5SJOLBVT & 8BMLFS " -BSTFO $4 1PTUDSBOJBM SPCVTUJDJUZ JO )PNP * 5FNQPSBM USFOET BOE NFDIBOJDBM
JOUFSQSFUBUJPO "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> 5SJOLBVT & 3VĈ $# 'FNPSBM BOE 5JCJBM %JBQIZTFBM $SPTT 4FDUJPOBM (FPNFUSZ JO
1MFJTUPDFOF )PNP 1BMFP"OUISPQPMPHZ <> .BSUJO 3# "ULJOTPO 1+ "HF BOE TFYSFMBUFE DIBOHFT JO UIF TUSVDUVSF BOE TUSFOHUI PG UIF
IVNBO GFNPSBM TIBĕ + #JPNFDI <> 3VĈ $# )BZFT 8$ $SPTTTFDUJPOBM HFPNFUSZ PG 1FDPT 1VFCMP GFNPSB BOE UJCJBF m "
CJPNFDIBOJDBM JOWFTUJHBUJPO ** 4FY BHF BOE TJEF EJĈFSFODFT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> )PMMJEBZ 58 #PEZ TJ[F BOE QPTUDSBOJBM
SPCVTUJDJUZ PG &VSPQFBO 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD IPNJOJOT + )VN &WPM 73
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 4J[F BOE TFY WBSJBODF JO 1BSBOUISPQVT SPCVTUVT 5BYPOPNJD BOE 1BMBFPCJPMPHJDBM JNQMJDBUJPOT
"OESFX (BMMBHIFS1 $PMJO .FOUFS1 +BDPQP .PHHJ$FDDIJ2
$FOUSF GPS "OUISPQPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $G"3
6OJWFSTJUZ PG +PIBOOFTCVSH 34" p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB 7JB EFM
1SPDPOTPMP 'JSFO[F *UBMJB
1SFWJPVT SFTFBSDI IBT IJHIMJHIUFE TJHOJđDBOU NBMF CJBT JO SFBTPOBCMZ DPNQMFUF DSBOJPGBDJBM TQFDJNFOT PG 1BSBOUISPQVT SPCVTUVT
GSPN UIF -PXFS 1MFJTUPDFOF PG 4PVUI "GSJDB NPTUMZ 4XBSULSBOT
*U IBT CFFO TVHHFTUFE UIBU UIF 4XBSULSBOT TBNQMF MBSHFMZ SFTVMU
JOH GSPN BO BDDVNVMBUJPO EVF UP DBSOJWPSF BDUJWJUZ TFFNT UP EJTQMBZ B SFMBUJWF BCVOEBODF PG NBMF TQFDJNFOT BU MFBTU BNPOH UIF
XFMM QSFTFSWFE TLVMMT
UIJT XPVME CF UIF PVUDPNF BOE B QPTTJCMF DPOTFRVFODF PG UIF TPDJBM TUSVDUVSF PG B IJHIMZ EJNPSQIJD TQFDJFT
XIFSF OPOEPNJOBOU NBMFT TQFOU NPSF UJNF BMPOF BOE UIVT XFSF BU B HSFBUFS SJTL PG QSFEBUJPO <> ăF DPNQBSBUJWF NFUSJDBM BOBM
ZTJT PG UIF EFOUBM SFNBJOT PG 1 SPCVTUVT GSPN UIF TJUFT PG 4XBSULSBOT BOE %SJNPMFO IBT JOEJDBUFE UIBU UIF %SJNPMFO TQFDJNFOT BSF
TNBMMFS PWFSBMM UIBO BU 4XBSULSBOT BOE UIF TBNQMF JODPSQPSBUFT NPSF WBSJBCJMJUZ UIBO BU 4XBSULSBOT BOE JO TPNF UPPUI QPTJUJPOT
BMTP UIF ,SPNESBBJ TBNQMF
ăF QPTTJCJMJUZ UIBU TPNF LJOE PG TFMFDUJWF BHFOU BOEPS UBQIPOPNJD CJBT IBT QSPEVDFE B EJĈFSFOUJBM
BDDVNVMBUJPO PG B SFMBUJWFMZ MBSHFS OVNCFS PG TNBMM JOEJWJEVBMT JO UIF %SJNPMFO TBNQMF PS PG B SFMBUJWFMZ MBSHFS OVNCFS PG MBSHFS
JOEJWJEVBMT JO UIF 4XBSULSBOT TBNQMF IBT CFFO EJTDVTTFE <> .PSF SFDFOU QFSTQFDUJWFT IBWF BSHVFE UIBU UIF FOJHNBUJD BOE VO
QSPWFOBODFE
NBOEJCVMBS TFDPOE NPMBS GSPN (POEPMJO (%"
DPOTJEFSFE UP CF 1 SPCVTUVT JT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI BO FYUSFNF
MFWFM PG TJ[F EJNPSQIJTN BOE UIBU UIJT TVQQPSUT SFDFOU DPOUFOUJPO PG B CJBT PG TNBMMNBMFT JO UIF 1 SPCVTUVT IZQPEJHN <> /FWFS
UIFMFTT JSSFTQFDUJWF PG DPOTJTUFODJFT JO FYBDU SBOEPNJ[BUJPO BOE QFSNVUBUJPO BQQSPBDIFT VTJOH NFUSJDT PG XJUIJOTBNQMF WBSJBODF
TVDI NPEFMT BSF EFQFOEFOU VQPO WBSJBODF XJUIJO CPUI UIF DPNQBSBUJWF ASFGFSFODF BOE GPTTJM AUBSHFU TFSJFT .PSF DSVDJBMMZ UIFTF
EP OPU DPOTJEFS QPUFOUJBM QSPCMFNT XJUI TQFDJđD TQFDJNFOT B GBDU IJHIMJHIUFE CZ UIF (%" . GSPN (POEPMJO "O BMUFSOB
UJWF BQQSPBDI ZJFMEJOH KVTUJđFE TJHOJđDBODF MFWFMT JT UIF [BOEU EJTUSJCVUJPOT XIJDI BUUFTUT UP DPOTJEFSBCMF SPCVTUJDJUZ BU OȔ
ăFTF BMMPX FĈFDUJWF DPOTJEFSBUJPO PG TFY CJBT QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFSF QSFTFSWBUJPO JT TVċDJFOU UP XBSSBOU EJBHOPTUJD TFY BTTJHOBUJPO
PG TQFDJđD JOEJWJEVBMT UIBU DBO CF VTFE BT AQFHT 8IFO UIJT JT BQQMJFE UP EFOUBM NFUSJDT #- EJBNFUFST
HFOFSBUFE [BOEU TDPSFT
GPS UIF 1 SPCVTUVT NBYJMMBSZ BOE NBOEJCVMBS EFOUBM TFSJFT 1.
BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI XJUIJOTBNQMF EJTUSJCVUJPOT GPS PVS GPVS
DPNQBSBUJWFT )PNP m 1BO m (PSJMMB 1POHP OPU POMZ UIPTF IJHIMZ EJNPSQIJD SFGFSFODFT (PSJMMB 1POHP 'VSUIFS UP UIJT PVS
SFTVMUT BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI TJHOJđDBOU TFY CJBT JO UIF NBYJMMBSZ BOE MFTT DPOTJTUFOUMZ JO UIF NBOEJCVMBS EFOUBM TFSJFT PG 1 SPCVTUVT
*ODMVTJPO PG UIF FOJHNBUJD (%" . XJUIJO 1 SPCVTUVT HFOFSBUFT B NBSLFE TLFX JO UIF EJTUSJCVUJPO UIBU JT VOSFGFSFODFE BOE
QFSIBQT VOSFBMJTUJD "TTJHOBUJPO PG UIJT TQFDJNFO UP 1 SPCVTUVT BU QSFTFOU TIPVME CF DPOTJEFSFE XJUI FYUSFNF DBVUJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> -PDLXPPE $ .FOUFS $ .PHHJ$FDDIJ + BOE ,FZTFS " &YUFOEFE .BMF (SPXUI JO B 'PTTJM )PNJOJO 4QFDJFT 4DJFODF m <> .PHHJ$FDDIJ + .FOUFS $ #PDDPOF 4 ,FZTFS " &BSMZ IPNJOJO EFOUBM SFNBJOT GSPN UIF 1MJP1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF PG %SJNPMFO
4PVUI "GSJDB +PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO <> (SJOF '& +BDPCT 3- 3FFE ,& 1MBWDBO +. ăF FOJHNBUJD NPMBS GSPN
(POEPMJO 4PVUI "GSJDB *NQMJDBUJPOT GPS 1BSBOUISPQVT QBMFPCJPMPHZ +PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO m
74
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B *NQBDU PG HFPHSBQIJD DISPOPMPHJDBM DMJNBUJD BOE MJOHVJTUJD GBDUPST PO IVNBO DSBOJBM WBSJBUJPO OFX
JOTJHIUT PO UIF QFPQMJOH PG UIF /FX 8PSME
.BOPO (BMMBOE1,2 .BSUJO 'SJFTT1 "MBJO 'SPNFOU3
.VTÊVN OBUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF %ÊQBSUFNFOU )PNNFT /BUVSFT 4PDJÊUÊT m 6.3 $/34 1BSJT p 6OJWFSTJUZ
$PMMFHF %VCMJO 4DIPPM PG "SDIBFPMPHZ %VCMJO p *OTUJUVU EF SFDIFSDIF QPVS MF EÊWFMPQQFNFOU 1BSJT
ăF PSJHJO BOE EJTQFSTBM PG NPEFSO IVNBOT JO UIF "NFSJDBT SFNBJO DPOUFOUJPVT 4LVMM TIBQF WBSJBUJPO IBT CFFO JOUFSQSFUFE BT
TIPXJOH FWJEFODF PG BU MFBTU UXP NJHSBUJPO XBWFT PS BMUFSOBUJWFMZ BT B SFMBUJWFMZ DPOUJOVPVT QSPDFTT XJUI B NBKPS JNQPSUBODF PG
MPDBM QSPDFTTFT BOE SFDVSSFOU HFOF ĔPX )FSF XF JOWFTUJHBUFE UIF TUSVDUVSF PG DSBOJPGBDJBM WBSJBUJPO BOE UFTU GPS UIF TJHOJđDBODF
BOE XFJHIU PG WBSJPVT FYUSJOTJD GBDUPST PO TIBQF 6TJOH UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD NFUIPET PVS XPSL BJNFE BU J
EFUFDUJOH NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO DISPOPMPHJDBM BOE HFPHSBQIJDBM HSPVQT UIBU NBZ JOEJDBUF EJTQFSTBM FWFOUT OVNCFS PG
XBWFT BOE NJHSBUJPO SPVUFT
BOEPS MPDBM EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO JJ
FWBMVBUJOH UIF JNQBDU PG DMJNBUF PO TLVMM BOE OFVSPDSBOJVN WBSJBUJPO
JJJ
UFTUJOH UIF DPSSFMBUJPO CFUXFFO DSBOJPGBDJBM TIBQF BOE MJOHVJTUJD GBNJMJFT 8F BOBMZ[FE TQFDJNFOT JODMVEJOH GPTTJM TFSJFT
SFTQFDUJWFMZ GSPN -BHPB 4BOUB #SB[JM &BSMZ )PMPDFOF
*OEJBO ,OPMM 6OJUFE 4UBUFT -BUF )PMPDFOF
BOE 5BN )BOH -BPT -BUF
1MFJTUPDFOF
BT XFMM BT JTPMBUFE TQFDJNFOT GSPN BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TJUFT GSPN UIF /FX 8PSME BOE UIF 0ME 8PSME &BSMZ BOE -BUF
)PMPDFOF
BOE NPEFSO TFSJFT GSPN "NFSJDBT "TJB "VTUSBMP.FMBOFTJB BOE 1BDJđD *TMBOET "MM TQFDJNFOT XFSF TVSGBDFTDBOOFE
BOE UISFF EJNFOTJPOBM MBOENBSLT XFSF FYUSBDUFE BOE TVCNJUUFE UP B (FOFSBMJ[FE 1SPDSVTUFT "OBMZTJT 4IBQF BOE TJ[F WBSJBUJPO
PG DPNQMFUF TLVMMT BOE OFVSPDSBOJB XFSF BOBMZ[FE CZ NFBOT PG TUBOEBSE NVMUJWBSJBUF TUBUJTUJDT 0VS SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU DISPOPMPHJDBM
BOE HFPHSBQIJDBM GBDUPST IBWF B TJHOJđDBOU FĈFDU PO TIBQF WBSJBUJPO :FU HFPHSBQIZ BOE FTQFDJBMMZ SFHJPOBM EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO FYQMBJO
NVDI NPSF WBSJBODF UIBO EPFT DISPOPMPHZ 8F BMTP EFUFDUFE B HSBEJFOU DIBOHF UISPVHIPVU UJNF XJUI IJHIFS NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFS
FODFT CFUXFFO /PSUI BOE 4PVUI "NFSJDB PCTFSWFE XJUIJO GPTTJMT BOE IJHIFS EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO &BTU BOE 8FTU "NFSJDB PCTFSWFE
XJUIJO NPEFSO QPQVMBUJPOT *O BEEJUJPO PVS SFTVMUT DPOđSN UIF JNQBDU PG DMJNBUF FĈFDUT PO TIBQF WBSJBUJPO JO QBSUJDVMBS SFHBSEJOH
DJSDVN"SDUJD QPQVMBUJPOT JNQBDU XIJDI JT SFEVDFE XIFO POMZ OFVSPDSBOJVN JT DPOTJEFSFE 0VS SFTVMUT BMTP IJHIMJHIU WFSZ TUSPOH
DPSSFMBUJPOT CFUXFFO TIBQF WBSJBUJPO BOE MJOHVJTUJD GBNJMJFT 0VS TUVEZ UFOET UP HJWF NPSF TVQQPSU UP UIF IZQPUIFTJT PG POF NBKPS
FWFOU GPMMPXFE CZ JO TJUV EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO BOE SFDVSSFOU HFOF ĔPX SBUIFS UIBO UXP EJTUJODU NJHSBUJPO XBWFT
75
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 1SFMJNJOBSZ TUVEZ PG UIF IFBEOFDL DPNQMFY PG /FBOEFSUIBM SJCT GSPN UIF &M 4JESÓO TJUF "TUVSJBT
4QBJO
%BOJFM (BSDÎB.BSUÎOF[1,2 .BSLVT #BTUJS1 "MNVEFOB &TUBMSSJDI1 "OUPOJP (BSDÎB5BCFSOFSP1 3PTB )VHVFU1,3 &VHFOJB
$VOIB 4 .BSDP EF MB 3BTJMMB5 "OUPOJP 3PTBT1
1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ (SPVQ .VTFP /BDJPOBM EF $JFODJBT /BUVSBMFT $4*$
.BESJE 4QBJO p 6OJWFSTJEBE "VUÓOPNB EF
.BESJE 4QBJO p *OTUJUVU $BUBMÆ EF 1BMFPFDPMPHJB )VNBOB J &WPMVDJÓ 4PDJBM *1)&4
5BSSBHPOB 4QBJO p -JGF 4DJFODFT
%FQBSUNFOU 'BDVMUZ PG 4DJFODFT BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $PJNCSB 1PSUVHBM p %FQBSUNFOU PG )JTUPSZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
0WJFEP 4QBJO
'PTTJM SJCT BSF JNQPSUBOU UP UIF VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF FWPMVUJPO PG GPSN BOE GVODUJPO PG UIF IPNJOJO UIPSBY <> ăF IFBEOFDL
DPNQMFY PG UIF SJC GPSNT B KPJOU XJUI UIF UIPSBDJD WFSUFCSBF BOE EFđOFT UIF PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF SJC SFMBUJWF UP UIF USBOTWFSTF WFSUFCSBM
QSPDFTT BOE UIF SPUBUJPOBM BYJT BU UIF DPTUPWFSUFCSBM KPJOU *U DPOUSJCVUFT UIVT UP UIPSBY NPSQIPMPHZ BOE QPTTJCMZ UP UIF QPUFOUJBM
PG JUT FYQBOTJPO EVSJOH SFTQJSBUJPO ăJT DPNQMFY JT MPDBUFE BU UIF WFSUFCSBM SJC FYUSFNF BOE DPNQSJTFT UIF IFBE UIF OFDL BOE UIF
BSUJDVMBS BOE OPOBSUJDVMBS UVCFSDMFT ăF BSUJDVMBS GBDFUT PG UIF IFBE BOE UIF BSUJDVMBS UVCFSDMF DPOOFDU UIF SJC XJUI UIF BEKBDFOU
WFSUFCSB 6OGPSUVOBUFMZ UIFTF TUSVDUVSFT BSF TDBSDF JO UIF IPNJOJO GPTTJM SFDPSE QBSUJDVMBSMZ JO /FBOEFSUIBMT TP JUT NPSQIPMPHZ JT
VODMFBS 8IJMF OFDL MFOHUI JO /FBOEFSUIBMT IBT CFFO EFTDSJCFE DPOUSPWFSTJBMMZ BT JEFOUJDBM HSFBUFS PS FWFO TIPSUFS UIBO JO NPEFSO
IVNBOT UIFSF JT BHSFFNFOU PO UIF MBSHFS TJ[F PG UIF BSUJDVMBS UVCFSDMF JO /FBOEFSUIBMT <> "MUIPVHI SJC IFBET BSF OPU XFMM LOPXO
JO /FBOEFSUIBMT TQFDJFT EJĈFSFODFT BU UIFTF QBSUT TIPVME CF DPIFSFOU XJUI EJĈFSFODFT JO UIPSBDJD WFSUFCSBF <> ăFSFGPSF UIF QSF
WJPVT FWJEFODF MFBET VT UP FYQFDU EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF TIBQF PG UIFTF TUSVDUVSFT CVU OPU JO PWFSBMM TJ[F ăJT JT UIF IZQPUIFTJT BEESFTTFE
JO UIF QSFTFOU QBQFS *O UIJT DPOUFYU UIF &M 4JESÓO TJUF LZST #1
<> JT JNQPSUBOU CFDBVTF JU IBT ZJFMEFE TFWFSBM XFMMQSFTFSWFE
/FBOEFSUIBM QSPYJNBM DPTUBM SFNBJOT GSPN UIF VQQFS BOE MPXFS UIPSBY UIBU DBO DPOUSJCVUF UP DMBSJGZJOH UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIJT
JNQPSUBOU FMFNFOU 5P UFTU UIFTF IZQPUIFTJT FJHIU %MBOENBSLT PG UIF IFBEOFDL DPNQMFY XFSF NFBTVSFE JO %TVSGBDF NPEFMT
PG B DPNQBSBUJWF TBNQMF BOE BOBMZ[FE CZ HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT ăF /FBOEFSUIBM TBNQMF DPNQSJTFT GPTTJMT GSPN UIF &M 4JESÓO
TJUF /
BT XFMM BT TQFDJNFOT GSPN ,FCBSB /
ăF DPNQBSBUJWF ) TBQJFOT TBNQMF DPNQSJTFT SJCT TUUI
CFMPOHJOH
UP BEVMU NBMFT BOE GFNBMFT GSPN UIF 4BOUBSÊN $PMMFDUJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $PJNCSB 1PSUVHBM
.FBO DPNQBSJTPOT TVHHFTU
UIBU PWFSBMM TJ[F EPFT OPU EJĈFS CFUXFFO /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT )PXFWFS UIFSF JT FWJEFODF GPS EJĈFSFOU TJ[F SFMBUJPOT
CFUXFFO JUT QBSUT BOE UIVT TIBQF
8IJMF B DPOTJTUFOUMZ CJHHFS BSUJDVMBS UVCFSDMF IBT CFFO QSPQPTFE <> PVS SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU UIJT
JT POMZ WBMJE GPS UIF MPXFS UIPSBY 0VS đOEJOHT BMTP TQFDJGZ UIBU UIF UVCFSDMF QSPKFDUT NPSF QPTUFSJPSMZ JO /FBOEFSUIBMT XIJMF JO
NPEFSO IVNBOT JU QSPKFDUT JOGFSJPSMZ ăJT BMUFST UIF SJC QPTJUJPO SFMBUJWF UP WFSUFCSBM USBOTWFSTF QSPDFTT BOE UIF SPUBUJPOBM BYJT PG
/FBOEFSUIBM MPXFS SJCT QPTTJCMZ JO SFMBUJPO UP HSFBUFS EJBQISBHNBUJD TJ[F BOE BDUJWJUZ BOE BTTPDJBUFE LJOFNBUJD EJĈFSFODFT <>
.VMUJWBSJBUF SFHSFTTJPO JOEJDBUFT UIBU TFSJBM TIBQF DIBOHF JO NPEFSO IVNBO SJC IFBE WBSJBUJPO FYQMBJOT BCPVU Q
PG
UPUBM WBSJBODF )PXFWFS TFSJBM TIBQF DIBOHF BMPOH QSPYJNBM SJCT NBZ EJĈFS CFUXFFO NPEFSO IVNBOT BOE /FBOEFSUIBMT JO /FBO
EFSUIBMT UIF SJC IFBE UFOET UP CF CJHHFS JO VQQFS SJCT BOE TNBMMFS JO MPXFS SJC DPIFSFOU XJUI MBSHFS VQQFS BOE TNBMMFS MPXFS IFJHIUT PG
UIPSBDJD WFSUFCSBF <> ăF SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF GVSUIFS UIBU DSBOJPDBVEBM TFSJBM EFDSFBTF PG SJC OFDL MFOHUI DPVME CF NPSF QSPOPVODFE
JO /FBOEFSUIBMT UIBO JO NPEFSO IVNBOT 0VS đOEJOHT QPJOU SFJOGPSDF UIF JNQPSUBODF PG MPXFS UIPSBY BOBUPNZ JO /FBOEFSUIBMT
<> BOE JOEJDBUF UIF OFFE GPS EFFQFS JOWFTUJHBUJPO JOUP TFSJBM BOBUPNJDBM TUSVDUVSFT PG UIF BYJBM TLFMFUPO JO IVNBO EFWFMPQNFOU
BOE FWPMVUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL UIF &M 4JESÓO &YDBWBUJPO UFBN 0GFS#BS :PTFG #FSOBSE 7BOEFSNFFSTDI #BSVDI "SFOTCVSH BOE
*TSBFM )FSTILPWJU[ ăJT QSPKFDU JT GVOEFE CZ UIF -FBLFZ 'PVOEBUJPO UIF &3"4.64 1SPHSBN PG UIF "VUÓOPNB 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
.BESJE BOE UIF 4QBOJTI .JOJTUSZ PG &DPOPNZ BOE $PNQFUJUJWJUZ $(- .#
BOE $(- "3
&M 4JESÓO
'JFME XPSL JT TVQQPSUFE CZ $POTFKFSÎB EF $VMUVSB EFM 1SJODJQBEP EF "TUVSJBT (SBOU TQPOTPS $POWFOJP 6OJWFSTJEBE EF 0WJFEP
$4*$ (SBOU OVNCFS 3FGFSFODFT<> (BSDÎB.BSUÎOF[ % #BSBTI " 3FDIFJT 8 6USJMMB $ 5PSSFT * (BSDÎB3ÎP ' #BTUJS . 0O UIF DIFTU TJ[F PG ,FCBSB + )VN &WPM
m <> 'SBODJTDVT 3( $IVSDIJMM 4& ăF DPTUBM TLFMFUPO PG 4IBOJEBS BOE B SFBQQSBJTBM PG /FBOEFSUBM UIPSBDJD NPSQIPMPHZ + )VN &WPM
m <> (ÓNF[0MJWFODJB " $PVUVSF7FTDIBNCSF $ .BEFMBJOF 4 .BVSFJMMF # ăF WFSUFCSBM DPMVNO PG UIF 3FHPVSEPV /FBOEFSUBM +
)VN &WPM m <> 3PTBT " .BSUJOF[.B[B $ #BTUJS . (BSDJB5BCFSOFSP " -BMVF[B'PY $ )VHVFU 3 0SUJ[ +& +VMJB 3 4PMFS 7 5PSSFT 5%
.BSUJOF[ & $BÒBWFSBT +$ 4BODIF[.PSBM 4 $VF[WB 4 -BSJPM + 4BOUBNBSJB % EF MB 3BTJMMB . 'PSUFB + 1BMFPCJPMPHZ BOE DPNQBSBUJWF NPSQIPMPHZ
PG B MBUF /FBOEFSUBM TBNQMF GSPN &M 4JESÓO "TUVSJBT 4QBJO 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 76
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S /FBOEFSUIBM TQBUJBM CFIBWJPVS EVSJOH UIF -BUF *OUFSHMBDJBM XJUIJO B MBLF TIPSF FOWJSPONFOU UIF DBTF PG
/FVNBSL/PSE (FSNBOZ
"MFKBOESP (BSDÎB.PSFOP1 (FPĈ . 4NJUI1 -VU[ ,JOEMFS1 4BCJOF (BVE[JOTLJ8JOEIFVTFS1
.0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO 3(;.
ăF &FNJBO MBLFMBOE PG /FVNBSL/PSE 4BDITFO"OIBMU (FSNBOZ
JT B LFZ TJUF GPS PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG /FBOEFSUIBM CFIBWJPVS
EVSJOH UIF MBTU *OUFSHMBDJBM .*4 F
PO UIF /PSUIFSO &VSPQFBO 1MBJO ăF TJUF PG /FVNBSL/PSE JT MPDBUFE BMPOH UIF OPSUIFSO
NBSHJO BOE TMPQF PG B DB IB TJ[FE TNBMM QPOE XJUIJO UIJT QBTU MBLFMBOE %FUBJMFE FYDBWBUJPO FYQPTFE B TFSJFT PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM
VOJUT BOE CZ GBS UIF SJDIFTU MFWFM //# ZJFMEFE MJUIJD BSUFGBDUT BOE GBVOBM SFNBJOT EJTUSJCVUFE XJUIJO BOE BDSPTT
BO BSFB PG N "MPOHTJEF UIJT BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SJDIOFTT TFWFSBM EFQSFTTJPOT XFSF FYDBWBUFE BU UIF CBTF PG VOJU //# đMMFE XJUI
BSDIBFPMPHJDBM NBUFSJBM BOE XFSF PSJHJOBMMZ JOUFSQSFUFE BT IVNBOMZNBEF iTUSVDUVSFTu ăVT POF PG UIF JOJUJBM BJNT GPS PVS XPSLJOH
HSPVQ XBT UP EFUFSNJOF UIF DBVTF PG UIFTF GFBUVSFT BOE XIFUIFS UIFZ USVMZ SFQSFTFOUFE BO BOUISPQJD TUSVDUVSF QFSIBQT DBVTFE CZ B
NPSF QFSNBOFOU /FBOEFSUIBM QSFTFODF PS XFSF UIF SFTVMU PG FSPTJPOBM FWFOUT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI IZESPMPHJDBM FSPTJPO 0OHPJOH [PPBS
DIBFPMPHJDBM SFTFBSDI TIPXT UIBU IVNBOT XFSF UIF NBJO BHFOU PG BDDVNVMBUJPO XJUI BMNPTU OP DBSOJWPSF SFNBJOT PS CPOF TVSGBDF
NPEJđDBUJPOT 4UVEJFT PG UIF /FVNBSL/PSE TUSBUJHSBQIZ TVHHFTU UIF CBTJO XBT JOđMMFE PWFS B SFMBUJWFMZ TIPSU UJNF JOUFSWBM D ZFBST
QSPWJEJOH B IJHISFTPMVUJPO TQBUJBM BOE UFNQPSBM QFSTQFDUJWF PĕFO MBDLJOH JO PQFOBJS 1BMBFPMJUIJD MPDBUJPOT ăBOLT UP BS
DIBFP[PPMPHJDBM BOE (*4CBTFE UBQIPOPNJD BOBMZTFT XF IBWF JEFOUJđFE WBSJPVT QSPDFTTFT UIBU IBWF JOĔVFODF UIF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF
CJPTUSBUJOPNJD TFRVFODF BU // JODMVEJOH UIF DIBOHJOH MFWFM PG UIF XBUFS UBCMF PWFSMBOE XBUFS ĔPX FSPTJPOBM FWFOUT BOE USBN
QMJOH %FđOJOH UIFTF QSPDFTTFT BT XFMM BT UIFJS FĈFDU PO UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE JT FTTFOUJBM UP QSPWJEF B DMFBSFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH
PG UIF IVNBOMZEFSJWFE BDDVNVMBUJPO PG SFNBJOT BU UIF TJUF *O UIJT QBQFS XF QSFTFOU BO JOUFHSBUJWF BOE NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ BOBMZTJT
PG // GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHF BOE JUT TQBUJBM EJTUSJCVUJPO 6TJOH (*4 UIF EJTQFSTBM PG UIF MBSHF CPOF BTTFNCMBHF JT CPUI NBQQFE BOE
BOBMZTFE GPDVTTFE PO UIF EJTUSJCVUJPO PG TQFDJđD BSDIBFP[PPMPHJDBM GFBUVSFT TVDI BT UIF NBJO TQFDJFT EJĈFSFOU TLFMFUBM QBSUT PS
IVNBOSFMBUFE NPEJđDBUJPOT TVDI BT DVU NBSLT PS CVSOU CPOFT ăSPVHI UIF BQQMJDBUJPO PG EJTUSJCVUJPO NBQT BOE HFPTUBUJTUJDT UIF
FYJTUFODF PG TQBUJBM QBUUFSOT JF TJHOJđDBOU DPODFOUSBUJPOT
SFMBUFE XJUI IVNBO BDUJWJUZ JT BOBMZTFE 4PNF PG UIF NBJO IZQPUIFTFT
UP CF UFTUFE BSF UIF OBUVSBM PS BOUISPQJD OBUVSF PG UIF EFQSFTTJPOT UIF DSFBUJPO PG UIF TJUF BT UIF SFTVMU PG POF TJOHMF IVOUJOH FWFOU PS
NVMUJQMF PDDVQBUJPOT PS UIF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG iDPNQMFYu TQBUJBM CFIBWJPVST BNPOH /FBOEFSUIBMT JODMVEJOH B EJĈFSFOUJBUFE VTF PG
TQBDF ăF DPNCJOBUJPO PG DPNQSFIFOTJWF BSDIBFP[PPMPHJDBM BOBMZTFT XJUI B (*4CBTFE TQBUJBM BOBMZTJT QSPWJEFT B EFUBJMFE QJDUVSF
PG /FBOEFSUIBM CFIBWJPVS EVSJOH UIF &FNJBO ăJT XJMM QSPWJEF B CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF IVNBO VTF PG TQBDF BSPVOE // BOE
XJUIJO UIF CSPBEFS /FVNBSL/PSE MBLFTDBQF XIJMTU BMTP FNQIBTJTJOH JMMVTUSBUJOH UIF DPNQMFYJUJFT BOE EJĈFSFODFT JO /FBOEFSUIBM
CFIBWJPVSBM BEBQUBUJPOT EVSJOH *OUFSHMBDJBM FOWJSPONFOUT
77
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B &-07- ')- BOE 1&/, %/" IZQFSNFUIZMBUJPO BT BO BHFQSFEJDUPS JO NPEFSO IVNBO UFFUI
TBNQMFT
$SJTUJOB (JVMJBOJ1 1BPMP (BSBHOBOJ2,3 $IJBSB 1JSB[[JOJ2,3 .BSJB (JVMJB #BDBMJOJ2,3 &MJTBCFUUB $JMMJ4 (JPSHJP (SVQQJPOJ4 $MBVEJP 'SBODFTDIJ2,3 %POBUB -VJTFMMJ1
%FQBSUNFOU PG #JPMPHJDBM (FPMPHJDBM BOE &OWJSPONFOUBM 4DJFODFT -BCPSBUPSZ PG .PMFDVMBS "OUISPQPMPHZ $FOUSF GPS
(FOPNF #JPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB #PMPHOB *UBMZ p %*.&4 %FQBSUNFOU PG &YQFSJNFOUBM %JBHOPTUJD BOE 4QFDJBMUZ
.FEJDJOF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB #PMPHOB *UBMZ p $*( *OUFSEFQBSUNFOUBM $FOUFS u- (BMWBOJu 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB
#PMPHOB *UBMZ p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4UPSJF F .FUPEJ QFS MB $POTFSWB[JPOF EFJ #FOJ $VMUVSBMJ 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ #PMPHOB 3BWFOOB *UBMZ
ăF DPNQMFY JOUFSBDUJPO CFUXFFO HFOFUJDT BOE FOWJSPONFOU JT NFEJBUFE CZ FQJHFOFUJDT JO B EZOBNJD XBZ &QJHFOFUJDT JT B NPMFDVMBS
NFDIBOJTN SFMBUJWFMZ TUBCMF PWFS UJNF UIBU UISPVHI SFWFSTJCMF NPEJđDBUJPO PG DZUPTJOFT BOE OVDMFBS QSPUFJOT JT BCMF UP QSPEVDF OFX
QIFOPUZQFT ăF JODSFBTJOH JOUFSFTU JO %/" NFUIZMBUJPO NFDIBOJTNT IBT BMMPXFE UIF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG B OFX UZQF PG CJPNBSLFST
XJUI B HSFBU QPUFOUJBM GPS B XJEF SBOHF PG BQQMJDBUJPOT <> .PSFPWFS TJODF %/" JT B IJHIMZ TUBCMF NPMFDVMF BOE JU IBT CFFO EFNPO
TUSBUFE UIBU %/" SFUBJOT JO WJWP QBUUFSOT PG $Q( NFUIZMBUJPO <> UIJT QSPDFTT DBO CF VTFE UP JOGFS UIF BHF BU EFBUI JO BODJFOU
TBNQMFT <> $POTJEFSJOH UIBU NBUFSJBM GSPN UFFUI DPOTUJUVUFT UIF NBKPS TPVSDF PG %/" GPS TUVEJFT PO BODJFOU TBNQMFT XF BOBMZTFE
%/" NFUIZMBUJPO QSPđMF PG EJĈFSFOU UJTTVFT PG UIF UFFUI DFNFOUVN EFOUJO BOE QVMQ
<> PG JOEJWJEVBMT SBOHJOH GSPN UP ZFBST 8F BQQMJFE 4FRVFOPN &QJ5:1&3 BTTBZ XJUI TJOHMF$Q( TJUF SFTPMVUJPO
BOE XF NFBTVSFE %/" NFUIZMBUJPO MFWFM JO SFHJPOT MPDBUFE JO UIF $Q( JTMBOET PG &-07- ')- BOE 1&/, HFOFT UFTUJOH GPS BHFBTTPDJBUJPO ăF SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU %/"
NFUIZMBUJPO PG UIF TFMFDUFE SFHJPOT TUSPOHMZ DPSSFMBUFT XJUI BHF JO QBSUJDVMBS JO DFNFOUVN BOE QVMQ ăJT JT UIF đSTU CJPNBSLFS UIBU
IBT CFFO QSPWFE UP DIBOHF BDDPSEJOH UP TBNQMFT BHF JO EJĈFSFOU UJTTVFT PG UIF UFFUI
3FGFSFODFT<> )PSWBUI 4 %/" NFUIZMBUJPO BHF PG IVNBO UJTTVFT BOE DFMM UZQFT (FOPNF #JPM 3 EPJHCS <>
-MBNBT # )PMMBOE .- $IFO , $SPQMFZ +& $PPQFS " FU BM )JHI3FTPMVUJPO "OBMZTJT PG $ZUPTJOF .FUIZMBUJPO JO "ODJFOU %/" 1-P4 0/& F EPJKPVSOBMQPOF <> #SJHHT "8 4UFO[FM 6 .FZFS . ,SBVTF + ,JSDIFS . FU BM 3FNPWBM PG EFBNJOBUFE DZUPTJOFT BOE
EFUFDUJPO PG JO WJWP NFUIZMBUJPO JO BODJFOU %/" /VDMFJD "DJET 3FT FmF EPJOBSHLQ <> 1FEFSTFO +4 7BMFO & 7FMB[RVF[ ".7
1BSLFS #+ 3BTNVTTFO . FU BM (FOPNFXJEF OVDMFPTPNF NBQ BOE DZUPTJOF NFUIZMBUJPO MFWFMT PG BO BODJFOU IVNBO HFOPNF (FOPNF 3FT m EPJHS <> 1FEFSTFO +4 7BMFO & 7FMB[RVF[ ".7 1BSLFS #+ 3BTNVTTFO . FU BM (FOPNFXJEF OVDMFPTPNF NBQ
BOE DZUPTJOF NFUIZMBUJPO MFWFMT PG BO BODJFOU IVNBO HFOPNF (FOPNF 3FT m EPJHS
78
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B u(SBOENPUIFS XIBU CJH CSPXSJEHF ZPV IBWFu ăF NFDIBOJDBM SFMFWBODF PG UIF CSPXSJEHF JO ,BCXF )PNP IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT
3JDBSEP .JHVFM (PEJOIP1 1BVM 0)JHHJOT1
):.4 p $*"4 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF GPS "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE )FBMUI
8JUI UIF FYDFQUJPO PG )PNP TBQJFOT BMM IPNJOJO TQFDJFT QSFTFOU B XFMMEFWFMPQFE TVQSBPSCJUBM SJEHF 5XP OPO NVUVBMMZ FYDMVTJWF
NBJO IZQPUIFTFT IBWF CFFO TVHHFTUFE UP FYQMBJO MBSHF SJEHFT ăF đSTU TQBUJBM IZQPUIFTJT
JT UIBU UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF TVQSBPSCJUBM
SFHJPO BSJTFT EVF UP UIF TQBUJBM SFMBUJPOTIJQT PG UIF CSBJO DSBOJBM CBTF BOE PSCJUT 6OEFS UIJT NPEFM CSPX SJEHFT IBWF OP QBSUJDVMBS
NFDIBOJDBM TJHOJđDBODF <> ăF TFDPOE NFDIBOJDBM IZQPUIFTJT
QPTJUT UIBU UIF TVQSBPSCJUBM SJEHF EFWFMPQT UP SFTJTU TUSFTTFT BOE
TUSBJOT FYQFSJFODFE CZ UIF DSBOJPGBDJBM TLFMFUPO EVSJOH NBTUJDBUPSZ MPBEJOH <> &YQFSJNFOUBM NPEJđDBUJPO PG UIF TVQSBPSCJUBM SF
HJPO XJUI TVCTFRVFOU BTTFTTNFOU PG UIF NFDIBOJDBM DPOTFRVFODFT NBZ IFMQ SFTPMWF UIJT EFCBUF 4VDI FYQFSJNFOUBUJPO DBO CF DBSSJFE
PVU JO TJMJDP ăF OVMM IZQPUIFTJT JT UIBU DIBOHJOH UIF GPSN PG UIF TVQSBPSCJUBM SFHJPO EPFT OPU JNQBDU PO UIF NBHOJUVEF PS EJTUSJCV
UJPO PG TUSBJOT PS NPEFT PG MBSHF TDBMF EFGPSNBUJPO FYQFSJFODFE CZ UIF DSBOJPGBDJBM TLFMFUPO EVSJOH TJNVMBUFE NBTUJDBUPSZ MPBEJOH
5P UFTU UIJT B TQFDJNFO PG )PNP IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT ,BCXF XBT WJSUVBMMZ SFDPOTUSVDUFE BOE UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF CSPXSJEHF XBT
NBOJQVMBUFE CZ SFEVDJOH JUT TJ[F BOE DSFBUJOH B QPTUPSCJUBM TVMDVT 7PYFM CBTFE '& NPEFMT PG UIF OPONBOJQVMBUFE BOE NB
OJQVMBUFE TQFDJNFOT XFSF DSFBUFE MPBEFE BOE TPMWFE UP BTTFTT UIF TUSBJOT FYQFSJFODFE CZ UIF CSPXSJEHF .BYJNVN BOE NJOJNVN
QSJODJQBM TUSBJOT DPOUPVS QMPUT UPHFUIFS XJUI NPEFT PG MBSHF TDBMF EFGPSNBUJPO PG UIF DSBOJVN XFSF DPNQBSFE BNPOH NPEFMT
1SFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT TJNVMBUJOH DFOUSBM JODJTPS TFDPOE QSFNPMBS BOE TFDPOE NPMBS CJUFT JOEJDBUF UIBU DIBOHJOH UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG
UIF CSPXSJEHF EPFT OPU JNQBDU HSFBUMZ PO GBDJBM NFDIBOJDBM CFIBWJPVS EVSJOH TJNVMBUFE NBTUJDBUPSZ GVODUJPO ăFTF SFTVMUT GBMTJGZ
UIF NFDIBOJDBM IZQPUIFTJT JOEJDBUJOH UIBU HSPXUI BOE EFWFMPQNFOU PG UIF CSPXSJEHF JT OPU ESJWFO CZ CJPNFDIBOJDBM BEBQUBUJPO
UP NBTUJDBUPSZ MPBEJOHT ăF đOEJOHT BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI UIF TQBUJBM IZQPUIFTJT )PXFWFS UIF CSPXSJEHF JT CJHHFS UIBO JU OFFET UP
CF UP TJNQMZ GVMđM TQBUJBM EFNBOET ăVT PUIFS GBDUPST TVDI BT TPDJBM TJHOBMMJOH NBZ BMTP QBSUJBMMZ FYQMBJO UIF IJHIMZ EFWFMPQFE
CSPXSJEHF PG ,BCXF ăJT JT SFNJOJTDFOU PG UIF QBSBOBTBM TXFMMJOHT QSFTFOU JO NBMF TQFDJNFOT PG .BOESZMMVT TQIJOY <> <> 'VS
UIFS SFTFBSDI JT OFDFTTBSZ UP BEFRVBUFMZ BEESFTT UIJT QPTTJCJMJUZ
3FGFSFODFT<> .PTT .- " UIFPSFUJDBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF GVODUJPOBM NBUSJY "DUB #JPUIFPSFUJDB Q <> 3VTTFMM .% ăF
4VQSBPSCJUBM 5PSVT B .PTU 3FNBSLBCMF 1FDVMJBSJUZ $VSSFOU "OUISPQPMPHZ Q <> )ZMBOEFS 8 BOE ,3 +PIOTPO 'VODUJPOBM
NPSQIPMPHZ BOE *O 7JWP CPOF TUSBJO QBUUFSSOT JO UIF DSBOJPGBDJBM SFHJPO PG QSJNBUFT CFXBSF PG CJPNFDIBOJDBM TUPSJFT BCPVU GPTTJMT JO 3FDPOTUSVDUJOH
#FIBWJPS JO UIF 1SJNBUF 'PTTJM 3FDPSE +. 1MBWDBO FU BM &EJUPST ,MVXFS "DBEFNJD1MFOVN 1VCMJTIFST /FX :PSL Q <> &MUPO 4 BOE #
.PSHBO .V[[MF TJ[F QBSBOBTBM TXFMMJOH TJ[F BOE CPEZ NBTT JO .BOESJMMVT MFVDPQIBFVT 1SJNBUFT Q 79
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S .JE1MJPDFOF 1SJNBUFT $FSDPQJUIFDPJEFB
GSPN #SBE 1JU # ,MJOLFSUT #PMUT 'BSN $BWF 4ZTUFN 4PVUI
"GSJDB
%PNJOJRVF (PNNFSZ1,2,3 4UFQIBOZ 1PU[F3 -B[BSVT ,HBTJ3
613 -*" $/34 1BSJT 'SBODF p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE "SDIBFPMPHZ 6/*4" p )36
1MJP1MFJTUPDFOF 4FDUJPO %JUTPOH /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ 1SFUPSJB 4PVUI "GSJDB
#PMUT 'BSN JT B DPNQPTJUF UFNQPSBMMZ CSPBE &BSMZ 1MJPDFOF UP -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF
GPTTJMJGFSPVT LBSTUJD TZTUFN JO UIF i$SBEMF PG )V
NBOLJOEu (BVUFOH 1SPWJODF 4PVUI "GSJDB BOE JT LOPXO UP IBWF ZJFMEFE TPNF QSJNBUF SFNBJOT JO UIF QBTU 4JODF UIF )36
)PQF 3FTFBSDI 6OJU
IBWF JEFOUJđFE NPSF UIBO GPTTJMJGFSPVT TJUFT EBUFE CFUXFFO UP .B PO ,MJOLFSUT BOE (SFFOTMFFWFT
QSPQFSUJFT " SFDFOUMZ EJTDPWFSFE TJUF PO UIF #PMUT 'BSN $BWF 4ZTUFN #SBE 1JU # #1#
IBT CFFO EBUFE CJPDISPOPMPHJDBMMZ WJB
SPEFOU SFNBJOT &VSZPUPNZT TQ UP GBMM CFUXFFO 8BZQPJOU ,MJOLFSUT #PMUT 'BSN $BWF 4ZTUFN UP .B
BOE .BLBQBOT
HBU 3PEFOU $PSOFS BOE .FNCFS JO 1PMPLXBOF -JNQPQP 1SPWJODF UP .B
HJWJOH B QPTTJCMF BHF PG NJE1MJPDFOF UP
#1# #1# IBT ZJFMEFE SFNBJOT PG $FSDPQJUIFDPJEFB POF TLVMM POF GSPOUBM CPOF TFWFO NBOEJCMFT PS GSBHNFOUT PG NBOEJCMF
UISFF JTPMBUFE UFFUI BOE UISFF QPTUDSBOJBM CPOFT
$PNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTFT XJUI TQFDJNFOT GSPN 1JU GSPN #PMUT 'BSN .BLBQBOT
HBU .FNCFS BOE BOE 4UFSLGPOUFJO .FNCFS JOEJDBUF UIBU UIFTF SFNBJOT BSF BUUSJCVUBCMF UP 1BSBQBQJP DG CSPPNJ B TNBMM
CBCPPO
BOE $FSDPQJUIFDPJEFT DG XJMMJBNTJ B DPMPCJOF
SFQSFTFOUJOH UIF PMEFTU DPPDDVSSFODF PG UIFTF UXP HFOFSB JO 4PVUI "GSJDB
ăF PMEFTU LOPXO TJUF XJUIJO UIF #PMUT 'BSN $BWF 4ZTUFN 8BZQPJOU QPTTJCMZ SFQSFTFOUT B ESZ BOE PQFO FOWJSPONFOU BT JOEJ
DBUFE CZ UIF QSFTFODF PG UIF SPEFOU 1FUSPNVT CPMUJ B HFOVT XIJDI JT UPEBZ SFTUSJDUFE UP UIF ESZ SPDLZ FTDBSQNFOUT PG /BNJCJB BOE
"OHPMB "U #1# UIF QSFTFODF PG $FSDPQJUIFDPJEFT DG XJMMJBNTJ B TFNJUFSSFTUSJBM DPMPCJOF
BOE &VSZPUPNZT TQ B HSBTTMBOE SPEFOU
QPTTJCMZ TVHHFTUT B HSBTTMBOEXPPEMBOE NPTBJD BU #1# XIJDI XPVME NBLF UIJT UIF FBSMJFTU LOPXO PDDVSSFODF PG TVDI B NPTBJD
IBCJUBU UP EBUF JO UIF 4PVUI "GSJDBO 1MJPDFOF #JPHFPHSBQIJDBMMZ UIF #1# GPTTJMT BMTP TVHHFTU UIBU $FSDPQJUIFDPJEFT BOE 1BSBQBQJP
NBZ IBWF TQSFBE GSPN &BTU "GSJDB UP 4PVUI "GSJDB BU BO FBSMJFS UJNF UIBO HFOFSBMMZ BDLOPXMFEHFE
80
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 5BYPOPNJD JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG UIF 4BMÊ .PSPDDP
IPNJOJO FOEPDBTU
%PNJOJRVF (SJNBVE)FSWF1 'MPSFOU %FUSPJU1 "OUPJOF #BM[FBV1 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO2
6.3 %ÊQBSUFNFOU EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF EV .VTÊVN OBUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF EF 1BSJT p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO
&WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ
ăF IVNBO SFNBJOT GSPN 4BMÊ BSF JOUFHSBM UP UIF JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG UIF "GSJDBO .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF GPTTJM IPNJOJO SFDPSE BOE UP UIF
PSJHJO PG )PNP TBQJFOT *O B DBMWBSJB QBSU PG UIF MFĕ NBYJMMB BOE B OBUVSBM FOEPDBTU CFMPOHJOH UP POF JOEJWJEVBM XFSF GPSUV
JUPVTMZ EJTDPWFSFE JO B TBOETUPOF RVBSSZ <> OFBS UIF UPXO PG 4BMÊ PO UIF "UMBOUJD DPBTU PG .PSPDDP ăF DISPOPMPHJDBM QPTJUJPO
PG UIF TFEJNFOUT UIBU ZJFMEFE UIF GPTTJMT IBT CFFO SPVHIMZ DPSSFMBUFE UP POF PG UIF FQJTPEFT PG UIF i"OGBUJBOu USBOTHSFTTJPO DJSDB
#1 ăF TUBUF PG QSFTFSWBUJPO PG UIJT JOEJWJEVBM JT FYDFMMFOU BOE XIJMF UIF TLVMM TIPXT FWJEFODF PG QBUIPMPHZ <> JU EPFT
OPU TFFN UP BĈFDU UIF FOEPDSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ ăF DPOUSJCVUJPO PG QBMFPOFVSPMPHZ UP UIF TUVEZ PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO JT FYUSFNFMZ
JOGPSNBUJWF )PXFWFS UIF FOEPDBTU PG 4BMÊ IBT OPU ZFU CFFO GVMMZ EFTDSJCFE 0OMZ BO FTUJNBUF PG UIF DSBOJBM DBQBDJUZ BOE B TIPSU
OPUF PO NFOJOHFBM WBTDVMBSJ[BUJPO IBT CFFO QVCMJTIFE <> ăF BJN PG UIJT TUVEZ JT UP QSPWJEF DPNQBSBUJWF TUVEZ PG UIF 4BMÊ FOEPDBTU
BOE UP SFFWBMVBUF UIF UBYPOPNJD QPTJUJPO PG UIF 4BMÊ IPNJOJO ăF FOEPDBTU PG 4BMÊ XBT DPNQBSFE UP "GSJDBO ,/.85 ,/.&3 BOE 0) -) BOE ,BCXF GSPN &BTU "GSJDB BOE 5JHIFOJG BOE +FCFM *SIPVE BOE GSPN /PSUI "GSJDB
BOE "TJBO GPTTJMT IPNJOJOT ;IPVLPVEJBO $IJOB BOE 5SJOJM 4BOHJSBO /HBOEPOH BOE 4BNCVOHNBÉBO *OEPOFTJB
BT XFMM BT UP B
TBNQMF PG FYUBOU NPEFSO IVNBOT ăJT FYIBVTUJWF TUVEZ JODMVEFT BO BOBMZTJT PG FOEPDSBOJBM GPSN JF TJ[F BOE TIBQF
QPTJUJPO PG
UIF DFSFCSBM MPCFT IFNJTQIFSJD BTZNNFUSZ BT XFMM BT PG UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG FOEPDSBOJBM GFBUVSFT TVDI BT FODFQIBMJD SFMJFGT DFSFCSBM
đTTVSFT BOE WBTDVMBS JNQSFTTJPOT ăF EJSFDU NFBTVSFNFOU PG DSBOJBM DBQBDJUZ CZ JNNFSTJPO JO XBUFS USBEJUJPOBM MJOFBS % BOBMZ
TJT BT XFMM BT % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT BOBMZTJT XFSF QFSGPSNFE %FTQJUF JUT SFNBSLBCMZ TNBMM TJ[F UIF BWFSBHF PG UISFF UFTUT JT
DN
UIF 4BMÊ FOEPDBTU NPTU DMPTFMZ SFTFNCMFT TQFDJNFOT BUUSJCVUFE UP )PNP SIPEFTJFOTJT GPS FYBNQMF CZ UIF JOEJWJEVBMJ[BUJPO
PG QBSJFUBM SFMJFGT PS BOUFSJPS QPTJUJPO PG DFSFCFMMBS MPCFT
XIJDI BSF DMFBSMZ EJTUJODU GSPN UIPTF BTTJHOFE UP )PNP FSFDUVT TFOTV MBUP
JO NPTU PG JUT QSFTFSWFE NPSQIPMPHJDBM FOEPDSBOJBM GFBUVSFT
3FGFSFODFT<>+BFHFS ++ ăF NBNNBMJBO GBVOBT BOE IPNJOJE GPTTJMT PG UIF NJEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF PG UIF .BHSFC *O #VU[FS ,8 *TBBD (-
&ET
"ĕFS UIF "VTUSBMPQJUIFDJOFT <>)VCMJO ++ )VNBO GPTTJMT GSPN UIF /PSUI "GSJDBO .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF BOE UIF PSJHJOT PG )PNP
TBQJFOT *O %FMTPO & &E
"ODFTUPST ăF )BSE &WJEFODF 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF 4ZNQPTJVN IFME BU UIF "NFSJDBO .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ "QSJM UP NBSL UIF PQFOJOH PG UIF FYIJCJUJPO u"ODFTUPST 'PVS .JMMJPO :FBST PG )VNBOJUZu /FX :PSL "MBO 3 -JTT <>4BCBO 3 "OBUPNJF FU ÊWPMVUJPO EFT WFJOFT NÊOJOHÊFT DIF[ MFT IPNNFT GPTTJMFT 1BSJT &/4# $5)4 Q <>(SJNBVE)FSWÊ % &OEPDSBOJBM WBTDVMBUVSF
*O 4DIXBSU[ + 5BUUFSTBMM * &ET
ăF )VNBO GPTTJM SFDPSE 7PM *O )PMMPXBZ 3) #SPBEđFME %$ :VBO .4 #SBJO &OEPDBTUT ăF
1BMFPOFVSPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF 81
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B )FSJUBCJMJUZ BOE 1MBTUJDJUZ JO 5FFUI " 1BQJPOJO .PEFM GPS 5FTUJOH &OWJSPONFOUBM BOE 1IZMPHFOFUJD
)ZQPUIFTFT JO 1SJNBUF &WPMVUJPO
/JDPMF %4 (SVOTUSB1 3PCFSU " 'PMFZ1
-FWFSIVMNF $FOUSF GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
$BNCSJEHF
*O TUVEJFT PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO XF SPVUJOFMZ VTF NPSQIPMPHZ UP JOGFS FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ GVODUJPOBM BEBQUBUJPO BOE FOWJSPONFO
UBM BEBQUBCJMJUZ ăF OBUVSF PG UIF JOGFSFODFT UIBU BSF QPTTJCMF EFQFOE VQPO UIF IFSJUBCJMJUZ PG UIF USBJUT m UIF NPSF IFSJUBCMF UIF
TUSPOHFS UIF JOGFSFODFT BCPVU FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ BOE BEBQUBUJPO UIF MPXFS UIF HSFBUFS UIF SPMF PG MPDBM POUPHFOFUJD BOE FOWJ
SPONFOUBM QSPDFTTFT "NPOH CBCPPO UFFUI UIF NBOEJCVMBS .1 IBT UIF IJHIFTU EFHSFF PG IFSJUBCJMJUZ XIJMF UIF NBYJMMBSZ .3 IBT
UIF MPXFTU <> <> 8F VTF UIFTF SFTVMUT UP GSBNF B IZQPUIFTJT UIBU UIF .1 BOE UIF .3 NBZ TIPX EJĈFSFOU TJHOBMT 8F CVJME PO
UIJT PCTFSWBUJPO CZ UBLJOH TUBOEBSE MJOFBS EJNFOTJPOT PG UIFTF UFFUI GSPN B TBNQMF PG NBDBRVFT $FSDPQJUIFDJEBF .BDBDB
BOE
FYQMPSF IPX EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF QBUUFSOT PG UIFTF WBSJBCMFT BOE SBUJPT CFUXFFO UIFN SFMBUF UP B OVNCFS PG JOEFQFOEFOU WBSJBCMFT
QIZMPHFOZ FOWJSPONFOU CPEZ TJ[F FUD
*O QBSUJDVMBS XF BUUFNQU UP TIPX XIFUIFS UIF EJĈFSFOU MFWFMT PG WBSJBUJPO JO NPSF PS MFTT
QMBTUJD USBJUT DBO CF VTFE UP UFTU BEBQUJWF IZQPUIFTFT -JOFBS NFBTVSFNFOUT XJUI QSFEJDUFE IJHIFTU BOE MPXFTU IFSJUBCJMJUZ FTUJNBUFT
NFTJPEJTUBM MFOHUIT .%
GPS .1 BOE .3 SFTQFDUJWFMZ XFSF UBLFO PO ESZ BEVMU TQFDJNFOT GSPN NBDBRVF TQFDJFT 8F FN
QMPZ NBDBRVFT BT B NPEFM UBYPO GPS UIFJS UBYPOPNJD FDPMPHJDBM BOE HFPHSBQIJDBM EJWFSTJUZ 6TJOH UIF BCTPMVUF BOE TJ[FDPSSFDUFE
NFUSJDT PWFSBMM SBOHF PG WBSJBUJPO DPFċDJFOUT PG WBSJBUJPO $7
BOE SBUJPT PG UIFTF CFUXFFO .1 BOE .3 XF EFTDSJCF IPX UIFTF
WBSZ BNPOH UBYB 0VS EBUB TIPX UIBU UIF EFHSFFT PG WBSJBUJPO JO .1 BOE .3 BSF BNPOH UIF MPXFTU BOE IJHIFTU GPS NPMBST SFTQFD
UJWFMZ ăJT JT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI UIF CBCPPO SFTVMUT <> BOE QSPWJEFT B CBTJT GPS DPOTJEFSJOH GVSUIFS IZQPUIFTFT *O DPNCJOBUJPO XJUI
UIF EJĈFSFOUJBM IFSJUBCJMJUZ FTUJNBUFT GPS UIFTF UFFUI JU JT QSPQPTFE UIBU UIF PCTFSWFE WBSJBUJPO JO .3 JO QSPQPSUJPO UP UIBU PG .1 JT
B NFBTVSF PG UIF EFHSFF PG JOĔVFODF PG FOWJSPONFOUBM FĈFDUT JO TIBQJOH QIFOPUZQJD WBSJBUJPO JF QIFOPUZQJD QMBTUJDJUZ JG UIF .3
UP .1 WBSJBODF SBUJP JT IJHI UIFO MPDBM FOWJSPONFOUBM JOĔVFODFT IBWF IBE B TJHOJđDBOU FĈFDU PO QIFOPUZQJD FYQSFTTJPO XIFSFBT JG
UIF WBSJBUJPO JO .3 JT TJNJMBS UP UIBU JO .1 MPDBM FOWJSPONFOUBM JOĔVFODFT IBWF IBE SFMBUJWFMZ MJUUMF JNQBDU BOE JOTUFBE XF EFUFDU
TJHOBMT PG QBTU TFMFDUJPO PS PUIFS FWPMVUJPOBSZ QSPDFTTFT FH HFOFUJD ESJĕ
'JSTU XF DPOTJEFS QIZMPHFOFUJD BTQFDUT %FOUBM WBSJB
UJPO TIPVME SFĔFDU QIZMPHFOZ CVU BDDPSEJOH UP PVS IZQPUIFTJT .3 NBZ TIPX B MFTT DPOTJTUFOU TJHOBM 8F JOWFTUJHBUF JO QBSUJDVMBS
EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO DPOUJOFOUBM BOE JTMBOE TQFDJFT BT UIF MBUUFS UZQJDBMMZ IBWF MPXFS HFOFUJD WBSJBUJPO FH EVF UP B GPVOEFS FĈFDU
XIJDI TIPVME SFEVDF UIF QIFOPUZQJD WBSJBUJPO JO .1 NPSF UIBO JO .3 /FYU XF FYQMPSF UIF FĈFDU PG MBUJUVEF PO EFOUBM QMBTUJDJUZ
4QFDJđDBMMZ XF IZQPUIFTJTF UIBU DPOUSPMMJOH GPS QIZMPHFOZ BOE CPEZ TJ[F NPSF OPSUIFSO TQFDJFT TIPVME FYIJCJU SFEVDFE HFOFUJD
WBSJBUJPO BT B DPOTFRVFODF PG IJHIFS TFMFDUJPO QSFTTVSF SFTVMUJOH GSPN IBSTIFS FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOEJUJPOT XIJMF TJNVMUBOFPVTMZ EJT
QMBZJOH JODSFBTFE QIFOPUZQJD WBSJBODF BT B SFTVMU PG B NPSF WBSJBCMF DMJNBUF UIBO NPSF FRVBUPSJBM TQFDJFT ăVT XF FYQFDU UIF SBUJP
PG .3 WBSJBUJPO UP .1 WBSJBUJPO UP JODSFBTF XJUI MBUJUVEF -BTUMZ NBDBRVFT DBO CSPBEMZ CF TFHSFHBUFE JOUP TQFDJFT UIBU BSF GPVOE JO
QSJNBSZ CSPBEMFBG FWFSHSFFO #&
GPSFTU BOE TQFDJFT UIBU NPTUMZ PDDVS JO OPOGPSFTU IBCJUBUT FH TDSVCMBOE NBOHSPWFT PS BMQJOF
GPSFTU
XIJDI BSF MFTT TUBCMF PS QSFEJDUBCMF .BDBRVFT TVSWJWJOH JO UIF MBUUFS IBCJUBUT BSF TVCKFDU UP NVDI NPSF FOWJSPONFOUBM WBSJ
BUJPO UIBO #& NBDBRVFT $POTFRVFOUMZ XF QSFEJDU UIBU OPO#& NBDBRVFT XJMM TIPX B IJHIFS EFHSFF PG EFOUBM QMBTUJDJUZ BOE UIJT
TIPVME CF TJHOBMMFE JO EJTQBSBUF MFWFMT PG WBSJBUJPO JO .1 BOE .3 3FGFSFODFT<> )MVTLP -+ BOE .BIBOFZ .$ õVBOUJUBUJWF HFOFUJDT QMFJPUSPQZ BOE NPSQIPMPHJDBM JOUFHSBUJPO JO UIF EFOUJUJPO PG 1BQJP
IBNBESZBT &WPM #JPM <> )MVTLP -+ 4BHF 3% BOE .BIBOFZ .$ .PEVMBSJUZ JO UIF .BNNBMJBO %FOUJUJPO .JDF BOE .POLFZT
4IBSF B $PNNPO %FOUBM (FOFUJD "SDIJUFDUVSF + &YQ ;PPM .PM %FW &WPM
82
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 'VSUIFS FMFNFOUT PO UIF DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF 3PD EF .BSTBM 48 'SBODF
.JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD TFRVFODF
JOTJHIUT GSPN RVBSU[ 4JOHMF (SBJO 04- BOE WBSJPVT ,GFMETQBS *34- TJHOBMT
(VJMMBVNF (VÊSJO1 .BSJOF 'SPVJO1 $ISJTUFMMF -BIBZF1 /PSCFSU .FSDJFS1 1BVM (PMECFSH2 7FSB "MEFJBT3 "MBJO 5VSR4 )BSPME %JCCMF8 4IBOOPO .D1IFSSPO3 %FOOJT 4BOEHBUIF1
*OTUJUVU EF 3FDIFSDIF TVS MFT "SDIÊPNBUÊSJBVY 6.3 $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ #PSEFBVY .POUBJHOF $FOUSF EF 3FDIFSDIF FO
1IZTJRVF "QQMJRVÊF Æ M"SDIÊPMPHJF $31"
.BJTPO EF MBSDIÊPMPHJF p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ #PTUPO 6OJWFSTJUZ
#PTUPO 64" p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p .VTÊF OBUJPOBM EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF -FT &Z[JFTEF5BZBD 'SBODF p )VNBO &WPMVUJPO 4UVEJFT 1SPHSBN BOE %FQBSUNFOU PG
"SDIBFPMPHZ 4JNPO 'SBTFS 6OJWFSTJUZ #VSOBCZ $BOBEB
ăF 3PD EF .BSTBM JT B TNBMM DBWF MPDBUFE PO B DMJĈ DMPTF UP UIF 7Ê[ÍSFT 3JWFS JO UIF %PSEPHOF SFHJPO PG 'SBODF *U JT GBNPVT
GPS UIF EJTDPWFSZ PG UIF XFMM QSFTFSWFE TLFMFUPO PG B /FBOEFSUIBM DIJME <> 3FDFOU FYDBWBUJPOT GPDVTFE PO UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD
PDDVQBUJPO MBZFST BOE SFWFBMFE WFSZ SJDI EFQPTJUT JO UFSNT PG CPUI MJUIJDT BOE GBVOB (FPBSDIBFPMPHZ TIFE OFX MJHIU PO UIF QSPDFTTFT
PG TFEJNFOU EFQPTJUJPO BOE BMMPXFE EJTDVTTJOH UIF JOUFOUJPOBMJUZ PG UIF ACVSJBM PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBM DIJME <> $PNCVTUJPO GFBUVSFT
XFSF BMTP VODPWFSFE JO B WFSZ HPPE TUBUF BU UIF CBTF PG UIF TFRVFODF <> *O B QSFWJPVT BUUFNQU UP EBUF UIF .PVTUFSJBO PDDVQBUJPOT
PG 3PD EF .BSTBM <> 5- PO IFBUFE ĔJOUT BOE TFEJNFOUBSZ RVBSU[ BT XFMM BT NVMUJHSBJO 04- PO đOF HSBJOFE RVBSU[ FYUSBDUT GSPN
CPUI IFBUFE BOE VOIFBUFE TFEJNFOU TBNQMFT XFSF TUVEJFE ăJT PSJHJOBM TUVEZ SFWFBMFE B TZTUFNBUJD EJTDSFQBODZ CFUXFFO 04- BOE
5- BHFT BOE UIF BVUIPST DPODMVEFE UIBU NVMUJHSBJO 04- SFTVMUT GSPN đOF HSBJO RVBSU[ DPVME OPU CF USVTUFE CFDBVTF PG TNBMM TDBMF
EPTF SBUF IFUFSPHFOFJUJFT BOEPS JODPNQMFUF 04- TJHOBM SFTFUUJOH PG đOF HSBJO RVBSU[ QPTTJCMZ EVF UP SPPG TQBMM DPOUBNJOBUJPO
5P SFTPMWF UIJT EJTDSFQBODZ BOE GVSUIFS DPOTUSBJO UIF DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF TFRVFODF JO QBSUJDVMBS õVJOB MBZFST BU UIF UPQ PG UIF
TFRVFODF SFNBJOFE QPPSMZ EBUFE CFDBVTF PG UIF TDBSDJUZ PG IFBUFE ĔJOU TBNQMFT
DPBSTF HSBJO RVBSU[ BOE QPUBTTJVNSJDI GFMETQBS
FYUSBDUT IBWF CFFO TUVEJFE VTJOH SFTQFDUJWFMZ TJOHMF HSBJO 04- BOE WBSJPVT *34- TJHOBMT ăFTF MVNJOFTDFODF TJHOBMT CFDBVTF UIFZ
QSPWJEF DPNQMFNFOUBSZ JOGPSNBUJPO BSF FYQFDUFE UP TIFE NPSF MJHIU PO UIF DISPOPTUSBUJHSBQIZ PG 3PD EF .BSTBM *O QBSUJDVMBS
04- BOE *34- TJHOBMT IBWF EJĈFSFOU TFOTJUJWJUJFT UP TVOMJHIU FYQPTVSF UIVT UIFJS DPNQBSJTPO BMMPXT JEFOUJGZJOH MVNJOFTDFODF
TJHOBMT SFTFUUJOH QSPCMFNT BU UIF UJNF PG TFEJNFOU EFQPTJUJPO BOE IFMQ DPOTUSBJO TJOHMF HSBJO 04- BOBMZTJT ăF 04- GSPN FJHIU
TBNQMFT IBT CFFO NFBTVSFE JO BMM DBTFT UIF 04- TJHOBM JT EPNJOBUFE CZ UIF GBTU DPNQPOFOU )PXFWFS UIF QSPQPSUJPO PG HSBJOT
FNJUUJOH EFUFDUBCMF 04- HSFBUMZ WBSJFT CFUXFFO TBNQMFT XIFSFBT PG UIF HSBJOT TBNQMFE GSPN DPNCVTUJPO GFBUVSFT O
BSF VTBCMF GPS 04- EBUJOH POMZ PG UIF HSBJOT GSPN VOIFBUFE TFEJNFOU TBNQMFT O
TIPX BO VODFSUBJOUZ PO UIF UFTU EPTF
(Z
SFTQPOTF PG MFTT UIBO .VMUJHSBJO QPTU*3 *34- TJHOBMT BU FMFWBUFE UFNQFSBUVSF $
BOE *34- TJHOBMT BU $
IBWF CFFO NFBTVSFE BOE DPSSFDUFE GPS GBEJOH UIFZ JOEJDBUF UIBU UIF 04- TJHOBMT GSPN BMM TBNQMFT XFSF GVMMZ SFTFU CFGPSF TVCTFRVFOU
TFEJNFOU EFQPTJUJPO 4UBUJTUJDBM BOBMZTJT PG NFBTVSFE 04- EBUB JT QFSGPSNFE VTJOH B OFXMZ EFWFMPQFE #BZFTJBO DFOUSBM BHF NPEFM
<> /FX BHFT CPUI GSPN *34- BOE TJOHMF HSBJO 04- TJHOBMT XJMM CF QSFTFOUFE BOE EJTDVTTFE BOE BO PWFSBMM DISPOPMPHJDBM TDFOBSJP
XJMM CF QSPQPTFE
3FGFSFODFT<> #PSEFT ' -BđMMF + 1BMÊPOUPMPHJF IVNBJOT EÊDPVWFSUF EVO TRVFMFUUF EFOGBOU NPVTUÊSJFO EBOT MF HJTFNFOU EV 3PD EF .BSTBM
DPNNVOF EF $BNQBHOF EV #VHVF %PSEPHOF
$PNQUFT 3FOEVT EF M"DBEÊNJF EFT 4DJFODFT 1BSJT <> (PMECFSH 1 "MEFJBT 7 %JCCMF
)- .D1IFSSPO 4 4BOEHBUIF % BOE " 5VSR 5FTUJOH UIF 3PD EF .BSTBM u#VSJBMu XJUI (FPBSDIBFPMPHZ "SDIBFPMPHJDBM BOE "OUISPQPMPHJDBM
4DJFODFT TQFDJBM JTTVF (FPBSDIBFPMPHZ PG 3JUVBM #FIBWJPS BOE 4BDSFE 1MBDFT <> "MEFJBT 7 (PMECFSH 1 4BOEHBUIF % #FSOB ' %JCCMF )-
.D1IFSSPO 41 5VSR " BOE ; 3F[FL &WJEFODF GPS /FBOEFSUBM VTF PG đSF BU 3PD EF .BSTBM 'SBODF
+PVSOBM PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <> (VÊSJO ( %JTDBNQT & -BIBZF $ .FSDJFS / (VJCFSU 1 5VSR " %JCCMF )- .D1IFSSPO 41 4BOEHBUIF % (PMECFSH 1 +BJO
. ăPNTFO , 1BUPV.BUIJT . $BTUFM + BOE .$ 4PVMJFS .VMUJNFUIPE 5- BOE 04-
NVMUJNBUFSJBM RVBSU[ BOE ĔJOU
EBUJOH PG UIF
.PVTUFSJBO TJUF PG 3PD EF .BSTBM %PSEPHOF 'SBODF
DPSSFMBUJOH /FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPOT XJUI UIF DMJNBUJD WBSJBCJMJUZ PG .*4 +PVSOBM PG
"SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <> $PNCÍT # 1IJMJQQF " -BOPT 1 .FSDJFS / 5SJCPMP $ (VFSJO ( (VJCFSU 1 -BIBZF $
TVCNJUUFE UP õVBUFSOBSZ (FPDISPOPMPHZ
83
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ,IPF4BO SFUBJO B HSBDJMJ[FE WFSTJPO PG UIFुBODFTUSBM NPEFSO IVNBO QIFOPUZQF
1IJMJQQ (VO[1 ,BUFSJOB )BSWBUJ2 4BSBI 'SFJEMJOF1 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO1 'SFE (SJOF3
.1* &7" -FJQ[JH p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5VFCJOHFO p 4UPOZ #SPPL 6OJWFSTJUZ
(FOFUJD EBUB QPJOU UP B TVC4BIBSBO PSJHJO PG BMM NPEFSO IVNBOT MJWJOH UPEBZ IPXFWFS MJUUMF JT LOPXO BCPVU UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG
UIF đSTU )PNP TBQJFOT JO "GSJDB )FSF XF VTF % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT <> UP DPNQBSF DSBOJBM TIBQF JO B XPSMEXJEF TBNQMF PG
SFDFOU BOE GPTTJM IVNBOT GSPN "GSJDB &VSPQF BOE "TJB
0VS EBUB DPNQSJTF DSBOJBM MBOENBSLT BOE TFNJMBOENBSLT GSPN UXP JOEFQFOEFOU EBUBTFUT / BOE / SFTQFDUJWFMZ
(JWFO UIBU NBOZ NPEFSO IVNBO GPTTJMT BSF MBSHFS UIBO )PMPDFOF )PNP TBQJFOT < > XF BTTFTT IPX FWPMVUJPOBSZ DIBOHFT PG DSBOJBM
TJ[F XJUIJO UIF NPEFSO IVNBO MJOFBHF BĈFDUFE DSBOJBM TIBQF 5P UIJT FOE XF DPNQVUF TUBUJTUJDBM BOBMZTFT JO CPUI 1SPDSVTUFT GPSN
TQBDF BOE TIBQF TQBDF VTJOH QSJODJQBM DPNQPOFOU BOBMZTJT 1$"
BOE CFUXFFOHSPVQ 1$" *O BEEJUJPO XF BOBMZTF UIF SFTJEVBMT
GSPN HSPVQXJTF NVMUJWBSJBUF SFHSFTTJPOT PG DSBOJBM TIBQF PO DSBOJBM TJ[F UP BDDPVOU GPS TUBUJD BMMPNFUSZ
"T FYQFDUFE XF đOE UIBU DSBOJBM TJ[F IBT B TJHOJđDBOU JNQBDU PO DSBOJBM TIBQF *O UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ PG )PNP TBQJFOT
DIBOHFT PG DSBOJBM TJ[F IBWF UIFSFGPSF TIBQFE NBOZ BTQFDUT PG DSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ $PSSPCPSBUJOH UIF SFTVMUT PG (SJOF FU BM XF JEFOUJGZ UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF )PGNFZS TLVMM <> GSPN 4PVUI "GSJDB BT UZQJDBM PG UIF QPQVMBUJPO GSPN XIJDI
UIF &VSBTJBO 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD NPEFSO IVNBOT EFTDFOEFE /PUBCMZ XF đOE UIBU BNPOH SFDFOU NPEFSO IVNBOT )PGNFZS JT
DMPTFTU UP UIF GBJSMZ HSBDJMF 4PVUI "GSJDBO ,IPF4BO 8F TIPX UIBU TFWFSBM .JEEMF BOE -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF NPEFSO IVNBO GPTTJMT GSPN
"GSJDB &VSPQF BOE "TJB SFTFNCMF UIF DMJDLTQFBLJOH ,IPF4BO XIFO EJĈFSFODFT JO DSBOJBM TJ[F BSF BDDPVOUFE GPS ăF QSFTFOUEBZ
,IPF4BO UIFSFGPSF SFUBJO NBOZ BTQFDUT PG UIF BODFTUSBM NPEFSO IVNBO DSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ IPXFWFS NVDI MFTT QSPOPVODFE PX
JOH UP B HSBDJMJ[BUJPO PG DSBOJBM GFBUVSFT UIBU PDDVSSFE CFGPSF UIF )PMPDFOF 0VS SFTVMUT SFDPODJMF DSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ XJUI SFDFOU
HFOFUJD TUVEJFT XIJDI IBWF JEFOUJđFE UIF ,IPF4BO BT UIF PMEFTU NPEFSO IVNBO HSPVQ MJWJOH UPEBZ
3FGFSFODFT<> .JUUFSPFDLFS 1 (VO[ 1 "EWBODFT JO (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT &WPMVUJPOBSZ #JPMPHZ <> (VO[ 1 #PPLTUFJO
'- .JUUFSPFDLFS 1 4UBEMNBZS " 4FJEMFS ) 8FCFS (8 &BSMZ NPEFSO IVNBO EJWFSTJUZ TVHHFTUT TVCEJWJEFE QPQVMBUJPO TUSVDUVSF BOE B
DPNQMFY PVUPG"GSJDB TDFOBSJP 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 6 4 " <> 'SFJEMJOF 4 & (VO[ 1 )BSWBUJ , )VCMJO ++ .JEEMF
QMFJTUPDFOF IVNBO GBDJBM NPSQIPMPHZ JO BO FWPMVUJPOBSZ BOE EFWFMPQNFOUBM DPOUFYU + )VN &WPM <> (SJOF '& #BJMFZ 3.
)BSWBUJ , /BUIBO 31 .PSSJT "( )FOEFSTPO (. 3JCPU "8 1JLF ( -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF )VNBO 4LVMM GSPN )PGNFZS 4PVUI "GSJDB BOE
.PEFSO )VNBO 0SJHJOT 4DJFODF m <> (SJOF '& (VO[ 1 #FUUJ/BTI - /FVCBVFS 4 .PSSJT "( 3FDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF
MBUF 1MFJTUPDFOF IVNBO TLVMM GSPN )PGNFZS 4PVUI "GSJDB + )VN &WPM 84
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S 5FTUJOH NPEFSO IVNBO PVUPG"GSJDB NPEFMT QPQVMBUJPO HFOFUJD BOE DSBOJPNFUSJD BQQSPBDIFT
,BUFSJOB )BSWBUJ1 )VHP 3FZFT$FOUFOP1
1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ 4FODLFOCFSH $FOUFS GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPO BOE 1BMFPFOWJSPONFOU &CFSIBSE ,BSMT 6OJWFSTJUÅU 5ÛCJOHFO
(FOFUJD BOE QBMFPOUPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF IBT HFOFSBUFE DPOTFOTVT PO "GSJDB BT UIF QSJNBSZ QMBDF PG PSJHJO GPS BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO
IVNBOT XJUI UIF BODFTUSBM QPQVMBUJPO MJWJOH CFUXFFO UIPVTBOE ZFBST BHP LB
)PXFWFS UIF UJNJOH BOE HFPHSBQIJDBM QBU
UFSO PG UIF PVUPG"GSJDB FWFOU DPOUJOVFT UP CF JOUFOTFMZ EFCBUFE 'PS FYUBOU IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT UIF PCTFSWBUJPO PG UIFJS EFDSFBTJOH
HFOFUJD BOE QIFOPUZQJD EJWFSTJUZ BU JODSFBTJOH EJTUBODFT GSPN TVC4BIBSBO "GSJDB IBT CFFO JOUFSQSFUFE BT FWJEFODF GPS B TJOHMF -BUF
1MFJTUPDFOF EJTQFSTBM DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ B TFSJFT PG GPVOEFS FĈFDUT EVSJOH B SBQJE XPSMEXJEF FYQBOTJPO PVU PG "GSJDB )PXFWFS SF
DFOU HFOFUJD TUVEJFT BT XFMM BT BDDVNVMBUJOH BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BOE QBMFPBOUISPQPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF DIBMMFOHF UIJT QBSTJNPOJPVT NPEFM
ăFZ TVHHFTU JOTUFBE B iTPVUIFSO SPVUFu EJTQFSTBM JOUP "TJB BT FBSMZ BT UIF MBUF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF GPMMPXFE CZ B TFQBSBUF EJTQFSTBM
JOUP OPSUIFSO &VSBTJB 8F QSFTFOU SFTVMUT UFTUJOH UIFTF BOE PUIFS DPNQFUJOH PVUPG"GSJDB NPEFMT *O POF BOBMZTJT XF TBNQMFE UFO
QPQVMBUJPOT GSPN "GSJDB BOE "TJB BTTFTTJOH MFWFMT PG JOUFSQPQVMBUJPO EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO VTJOH HFOPNJD TJOHMF OVDMFPUJEF QPMZNPS
QIJNT BOE BOBUPNJDBM DSBOJBM % MBOENBSL EBUB 3FZFT$FOUFOP FU BM *O B CJPHFPHSBQIJDBM BQQSPBDI UIBU DPOTJEFSFE UIF
TQBUJBM BOE UFNQPSBM QSFEJDUJPOT PG FBDI NPEFM XF EJTUJOHVJTIFE XIJDI PVUPG"GSJDB TDFOBSJP XBT NPTU BTTPDJBUFE XJUI HFOFUJD
BOE NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO CFUXFFO QPQVMBUJPOT XIJMF DPOUSPMMJOH GPS UIF UJNF JO XIJDI QPQVMBUJPOT EJWFSHFE GSPN FBDI
PUIFS #PUI HFOPNJD BOE DSBOJPNFUSJD EBUB TFSWFE UP TVQQPSU B NVMUJQMF EJTQFSTBMT NPEFM JO XIJDI "VTUSBMP.FMBOFTJBO QPQVMB
UJPOT BSF SFMBUJWFMZ JTPMBUFE EFTDFOEBOUT PG BO FBSMZ EJTQFSTBM XIFSFBT PUIFS "TJBO QPQVMBUJPOT BSF EFTDFOEFE GSPN NFNCFST PG B
TVCTFRVFOU NJHSBUJPO FWFOU 0VS FTUJNBUF PG HFOFUJD EJWFSHFODF CFUXFFO 4PVUI "GSJDBOT BOE .FMBOFTJBOT SFWFBMT B DBMFOEBS EBUF
PG LB JO JOUSJHVJOHMZ DMPTFS DPSSFTQPOEFODF XJUI BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BOE QBMFPOUPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF PG NPEFSO IVNBO PDDVQBUJPO
JO UIF "SBCJBO 1FOJOTVMB BOE UIF -FWBOU *OEFFE VTJOH BO FYDFQUJPOBMMZ MBSHF DSBOJPNFUSJD EBUBTFU PG )PMPDFOF QPQVMBUJPOT GSPN
"TJB BOE USFBUJOH "GSJDBO GPTTJMT BT IZQPUIFUJDBM BODFTUSBM QPQVMBUJPOT PG FJUIFS OPSUIFSO PS TPVUIFSO SPVUF EFTDFOEBOUT ZJFMEFE
TJNJMBS DPODMVTJPOT 3FZFT$FOUFOP FU BM *O 3FWJFX
'JOBMMZ PVS XPSL TIFET MJHIU PO UIF i/FHSJUPu IZQPUIFTJT 3FZFT$FOUFOP
FU BM TVHHFTUJOH UIBU UIF "FUB"HUB i/FHSJUPu PG UIF 1IJMJQQJOFT BSF IJHIMZ BENJYFE GSPN EFTDFOEBOUT PG CPUI EJTQFSTBM
FWFOUT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT XPSL XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF 4FODLFOCFSH (FTFMMTIBĕ GÛS /BUVSGPSTDIVOH
3FGFSFODFT<> 3FZFT$FOUFOP ) (IJSPUUP 4 %ÊUSPJU ' (SJNBVE)FSWÊ % #BSCVKBOJ ( )BSWBUJ , 5FTUJOH UIF u/FHSJUPu IZQPUIFTJT
NPEFSO IVNBO QIFOPUZQJD BOE HFOFUJD EJWFSTJUZ JO "TJB 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF &VSPQFBO 4PDJFUZ GPS UIF TUVEZ PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO 7JFOOB <>
3FZFT$FOUFOP ) (IJSPUUP 4 %ÊUSPJU ' (SJNBVE)FSWÊ % #BSCVKBOJ ( )BSWBUJ , (FOPNJD BOE DSBOJBM QIFOPUZQF EBUB TVQQPSU NVMUJQMF
NPEFSO IVNBO EJTQFSTBMT GSPN "GSJDB BOE B TPVUIFSO SPVUF JOUP "TJB 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF /BUJPOBM "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT PG UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT PG "NFSJDB
EPJQOBT <> 3FZFT$FOUFOP ) )VCCF . )BOJIBSB 5 4USJOHFS $ )BSWBUJ , *O 3FWJFX 5FTUJOH .PEFSO )VNBO
0VUPG"GSJDB %JTQFSTBM .PEFMT BOE *NQMJDBUJPOT GPS .PEFSO )VNBO 0SJHJOT +PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO
85
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B "OPUIFS .FBTVSF PG .BO DPNQBSJTPO PG QPJOUDMPVE CBTFE BOBMZTJT PG QIPUPHSBNNFUSJD E NPEFMT BOE
MBOENBSLCBTFE HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD TIBQF BOBMZTJT JO IPNJOJE NBOEJCMFT
#SFOOB )BTTFUU1 5JNPUIZ -FXJT#BMF1
/BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO
"EWBODFT JO DPNQVUBUJPOBM QPXFS BOE TPQIJTUJDBUFE BMHPSJUINT GPS SFDPOTUSVDUJOH E NPEFMT PG BOBUPNJDBM TIBQFT BMMPX GPS DPO
TJEFSBCMF BEWBODFT JO UIF RVBOUJđDBUJPO BOE RVBMJđDBUJPO PG NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO TQFDJNFOT BOE TQFDJFT CZ VTJOH
QPJOU DMPVE EBUB TFUT XIJDI EFTDSJCF UIF FOUJSFUZ PG B TIBQF TVSGBDF (FPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD BOBMZTFT CBTFE PO MBOENBSL EBUB
TFUT BSF MJNJUFE UP EFđOJOH WBSJBUJPO BMPOH QMBOFT BOE BYFT PG TQFDJđD MBOENBSLT BOE DPNCJOJOH JOWFTUJHBUJPO XJUI EJĈFSFODF JO
TIBQF BOE EJĈFSFODF JO TDBMF JO UIFTF BOBMZTFT JT NFUIPEPMPHJDBMMZ DPNQMFY BOE DBO CF TVCKFDU UP FSSPS JOUSPEVDFE CZ WBSJBUJPO
JO UIF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG MBOENBSLT <> ăJT QBQFS QSPQPTFT B OFX NFUIPE PG JOWFTUJHBUJOH WBSJBUJPO JO IPNJOJE NPSQIPMPHZ UIBU
JT MFTT UJNF BOE DPTU JOUFOTJWF UIBO DPNQVUFEUPNPHSBQIZ PS MBTFSTDBOOJOH CBTFE NPEFMMJOH BOE XJUIPVU UIF OFFE GPS TUBOEBSE
MBOENBSL JEFOUJđDBUJPO %FOTF QPJOU DMPVE E NPEFMT DPOTUSVDUFE JO QIPUPHSBNNFUSJD TPĕXBSFJO UIJT DBTF 1IPUPTDBO <> CVU
JO QSJODJQMF UIF NFUIPE JT TPĕXBSF BHOPTUJDGSPN NVMUJQMF QIPUPT UBLFO PO B TUBOEBSE E4-3 DBNFSB DBO CF DPNQBSFE EJSFDUMZ
QPJOUUPQPJOU FJUIFS TDBMFE UP NJOJNJTF UIF FĈFDU PG TJ[F PS XJUIPVU TDBMJOH BMMPXJOH BOBMZTJT PG WBSJBUJPO BDSPTT UIF FOUJSF GPTTJM
TVSGBDF #Z DPNQBSJOH NPSQIPMPHJDBM TJNJMBSJUZ GSPN DB QPJOUT PO FBDI NPEFM VTJOH UIF PQFO TPVSDF TPĕXBSF $MPVE
$PNQBSF <> JU JT QPTTJCMF UP DPOTUSVDU B EJTUBODF NBUSJY XIJDI CPUI EFTDSJCFT NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO TQFDJNFOT BOE
DIBSBDUFSJTFT UIJT WBSJBUJPO JO VTJOH DPMPVSDPEFE AIFBU NBQT ăJT BMMPXT WBSJBUJPO UIBU PDDVST PO BMM BTQFDUT PG UIF TQFDJNFO UP
CF JEFOUJđFE JODMVEJOH WBSJBUJPO JO SFHJPOT UIBU EP OPU TVQQPSU SFQFBUBCMF MBOENBSL JEFOUJđDBUJPO TVDI BT DPOUPVST BOE QSPKFD
UJPOT $POWFSTFMZ TQFDJđD BSFBT PG JOUFSFTU DBO CF UBSHFUFE CZ MJNJUJOH BOBMZTJT JF UP TJUFT PG NVTDMF BUUBDINFOU 1PJOUDMPVE CBTFE
BOBMZTJT PG NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO JO DBTUT PG GPTTJM NBOEJCMFT GSPN )PNP TBQJFOT )PNP OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT BOE )PNP IFJEFMCFS
HFOTJT JT DPNQBSFE UP MBOENBSLCBTFE BOBMZTFT PG UIF TBNF TBNQMF VTJOH TUBOEBSE NFUIPET .PSQIPMPHJLB <>
ăF SFTVMUT PG CPUI
NFUIPET EFNPOTUSBUF QMBVTJCMF HSPVQJOHT PG TQFDJNFOT CVU UIFSF BSF DPOTJEFSBCMF BEWBOUBHFT UP FYQMPSJOH UIF FOUJSFUZ PG UIF TIBQF
TVSGBDF SBUIFS UIBO SFMZJOH PO MBOENBSLCBTFE NFUIPET TVDI BT B WJTVBM EFMJNJUFE JOEJDBUJPO PG BSFBT UIBU BSF NPSF PS MFTT TJNJMBS "
EFTDSJQUJPO PG UIF QPJOUDMPVE CBTFE NFUIPE BOE đOEJOHT SFHBSEJOH JUT VUJMJUZ JO DPNQBSJTPO XJUI TUBOEBSE MBOENBSLCBTFE BOBM
ZTJT BSF QSFTFOUFE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT .BOZ UIBOLT UP " #FWBO BOE - #VDL GPS FBSMZ DPNNFOUT BOE UP 3 ,SVT[ZOTLJ GPS BTTJTUBODF XJUI UIF GPTTJM
DBTUT
3FGFSFODFT<> WPO $SBNPO5BVCBEFM / 'SB[JFS #$ -BIS .. ăF QSPCMFN PG BTTFTTJOH MBOENBSL FSSPS JO HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT
ăFPSZ NFUIPET BOE NPEJđDBUJPOT "NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ <> 1IPUPTDBO 1SPGFTTJPOBM FE "HJ4Pĕ --$
<> (JSBSEFBV.POUBVU % $MPVE $PNQBSF FE )JHHJOT 1 +POFT / .PSQIPMPHJLB FE )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM :PSL <>
)JHHJOT 1 +POFT / .PSQIPMPHJLB FE )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM :PSL
86
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă " XJOUFS XPOEFSMBOE .JEMBUJUVEF TFBTPOBMJUZ TUSBUFHJFT JO UIF -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD
3PCFSU )PTđFME1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3FBEJOH
"OZ PDDVQBUJPO PG OPSUIFSO &VSPQF CZ -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD IPNJOJOT ) IFJEFMCFSHFOTJTQSPUP/FBOEFSUIBMT BOE ) FSFDUVT BOEPS
) BOUFDFTTPS FWFO UIPTF PDDVSSJOH EVSJOH GVMM JOUFSHMBDJBMT NVTU IBWF BEESFTTFE UIF DIBMMFOHFT PG NBSLFE TFBTPOBMJUZ BOE DPME
XJOUFST UIF MBUUFS JODMVEJOH EBZOJHIU UFNQFSBUVSF DPOUSBTUT UIF QSPCMFNT PG XJOEDIJMM BOE GSPTUCJUF UIF EVSBUJPO EJTUSJCVUJPO
BOE EFQUI PG TOPXDPWFS BOE PUIFS GPSNT PG QSFDJQJUBUJPO SFEVDFE EBZMJHIU IPVST BOE UIF EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE BWBJMBCJMJUZ PG BOJNBM
BOE QMBOU GPPET <> 4PMVUJPOT UP UIJT AXJOUFS QSPCMFN DBO FTTFOUJBMMZ CF DIBSBDUFSJTFE BT B ATUJDL PS UXJTU DIPJDF JF ZFBSSPVOE
QSFTFODF PO B MPDBM TDBMF WFSTVT FYUFOTJWF TFBTPOBM NPCJMJUZ )PXFWFS CPUI PG UIFTF QPUFOUJBM TPMVUJPOT BOE UIF AJOUFSJN TUSBUFHJFT
UIBU MJF CFUXFFO UIFTF FYUSFNFT SBJTF B IPTU PG QSBDUJDBM QSPCMFNT <> JODMVEJOH NBJOUBJOJOH DPSF CPEZ UFNQFSBUVSF NFFUJOH UIF
FOFSHFUJD EFNBOET PG NPCJMJUZ DPQJOH XJUI SFEVDFE SFTPVSDF BWBJMBCJMJUZ BOE EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE NFFUJOH OVUSJUJPOBM SFRVJSFNFOUT
ăJT QBQFS FYQMPSFT UIFTF DIBMMFOHFT BOE TFFLT UP FWBMVBUF UIF GFBTJCJMJUZ PG EJĈFSFOU XJOUFS TVSWJWBM TUSBUFHJFT XJUIJO B -PXFS 1BMBF
PMJUIJD DPOUFYU XJUI QBSUJDVMBS FNQIBTJT VQPO QPTTJCMF TUSBUFHJFT GPS J
BWPJEJOH UIF FYDFTTJWF MFBO NFBU QSPUFJO QSPCMFN PG ASBCCJU
TUBSWBUJPO <> FH UISPVHI FYQMPJUBUJPO PG ASFTJEFOUJBM TQFDJFT XJUI TJHOJđDBOU XJOUFS CPEZ GBU CZ UBSHFUJOH TQFDJđD CPEZ QBSUT
GPMMPXJOH NPEFSO FUIOPHSBQIJD FYBNQMFT TVQQMFNFOUFE CZ UIF FYQMPJUBUJPO PG XJOUFS QMBOUT
BOE JJ
NBJOUBJOJOH CPEZ UFNQFS
BUVSFT FH UISPVHI MPDBM NPCJMJUZ NBOBHFE QZSPUFDIOPMPHZ BOEPS PUIFS GPSNT PG DVMUVSBM JOTVMBUJPO <>
3FGFSFODF JT NBEF UP
QBMBFPFOWJSPONFOUBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT GSPN LFZ -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD TJUFT <> XJUI FNQIBTJT VQPO QBMBFPDMJNBUF FTUJNBUFT BWBJMBCMF
SFTPVSDFT BOE UIF FWJEFODF UIBU JT QSFTFOU BOE BCTFOU
JO UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE GPS IPNJOJO FYQMPJUBUJPO PG QBSUJDVMBS SFTPVSDFT
FH UIF FWJEFODF GPS CFBS CVUDIFSZ BU #PYHSPWF BOE UIF QSFTFODF PG CFBWFS BU #JM[JOHTMFCFO DPOUSBTUFE XJUI UIF BCTFODF PG DVU
NBSL FWJEFODF PO BWJGBVOB JODMVEJOH NJHSBUPSZ XBUFSGPXM BU #PYHSPWF <>
ăF QBQFS DPODMVEFT XJUI B TVHHFTUFE XJOUFS TUSBUFHZ
BOE UISPVHIPVU TFFLT UP IJHIMJHIU UIF QSBDUJDBM DIBMMFOHFT PG NJEMBUJUVEF XJOUFST GPS -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD IPNJOJOT
3FGFSFODFT<> 3PFCSPFLT 8 )PNJOJE CFIBWJPVS BOE UIF FBSMJFTU PDDVQBUJPO PG &VSPQF BO FYQMPSBUJPO + )VN &WPM m <> "TIUPO
/ -FXJT 4( ăF FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYUT PG FBSMZ IVNBO PDDVQBUJPO PG OPSUIXFTU &VSPQF ăF #SJUJTI -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD SFDPSE õVBUFSO *OU
m <> 4QFUI +% 4QJFMNBOO ," &OFSHZ TPVSDF QSPUFJO NFUBCPMJTN BOE IVOUFSHBUIFSFS TVCTJTUFODF TUSBUFHJFT + "OUI "SDI m <> 8BMFT / .PEFMMJOH /FBOEFSUIBM DMPUIJOH VTJOH FUIOPHSBQIJD BOBMPHVFT + )VN &WPM m <> )BSSJTPO $+0 4UFXBSU +3
"WJGBVOB *O 3PCFSUT .# 1BSđUU 4" &ET
#PYHSPWF B .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJE TJUF BU &BSUIBN õVBSSZ #PYHSPWF 8FTU 4VTTFY &OHMJTI
)FSJUBHF -POEPO QQ m
87
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 5SBDF &MFNFOU %JTUSJCVUJPOT JO &BSMZ BOE -BUF 'PSNJOH 5PPUI &OBNFM
-PVJTF )VNQISFZ1 #SFOOB )BTTFUU1 5FSFTB +FĈSJFT1 $ISJTUPQIFS %FBO2
/BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO p $FMM BOE %FWFMPQNFOUBM #JPMPHZ 6$ăF DPNQPTJUJPO PG EFOUBM FOBNFM SFĔFDUT BO JOEJWJEVBMT EJFUBSZ JOUBLF BOE FOWJSPONFOU EVSJOH UIF QFSJPE PG FOBNFM GPSNBUJPO
BOE JT JOĔVFODFE CZ NFUBCPMJD QBSBNFUFST BOE FOBNFM GPSNBUJPO QSPDFTTFT ăF EJTUSJCVUJPO PG DBMDJVN OPSNBMJTFE TUSPOUJVN BOE
CBSJVN SBUJPT JO FOBNFM GSPN EFDJEVPVT BOE FBSMZ GPSNJOH QFSNBOFOU UFFUI JT JOĔVFODFE CZ JOGBOU EJFU BOE DBO CF VTFE UP SFDPO
TUSVDU BTQFDUT PG UIF XFBOJOH QSPDFTT SFUSPTQFDUJWFMZ <> "OBMZTJT PG DBMDJVN OPSNBMJTFE USBDF FMFNFOU SBUJPT BDSPTT UIJO TFDUJPOT
PG EFDJEVPVT UFFUI IBT SFWFBMFE ĔVDUVBUJPOT CFUXFFO UIF FOBNFM EFOUJOF KVODUJPO &%+
BOE UIF FOBNFM TVSGBDF UIBU BSF JOEFQFO
EFOU PG EJFUBSZ DIBOHF PS PUIFS SFDPHOJTFE DIBOHFT JO FYUFSOBM JOQVUT BOE NBZ CF SFMBUFE UP EJĈFSFOUJBM USBOTGFS PG USBDF FMFNFOUT
BDSPTT UIF BNFMPCMBTU EVSJOH FOBNFM TFDSFUJPO BOE FOBNFM NBUVSBUJPO <> ăFTF VOEFSMZJOH EJTUSJCVUJPOT NBZ DPOGPVOE EJFUBSZ
JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT )FSF XF BOBMZTF USBDF FMFNFOU EJTUSJCVUJPOT JO FOBNFM GSPN FBSMZ BOE MBUF GPSNJOH UPPUI DSPXOT GSPN UXP BSDIBFP
MPHJDBM EFOUJUJPOT VTJOH MBTFS BCMBUJPO JOEVDUJWFMZ DPVQMFE QMBTNB NBTT TQFDUSPNFUSZ -"*$1.4
4FDPOE BOE UIJSE QFSNBOFOU
NPMBST XFSF BOBMZTFE UP EFUFSNJOF XIFUIFS UIFSF BSF DPOTJTUFOU QBUUFSOT JO MBUF GPSNJOH UFFUI 'JSTU QFSNBOFOU NPMBST GSPN UIF
TBNF EFOUJUJPOT XFSF FWBMVBUFE GPS JOGPSNBUJPO PO EJFUBSZ DIBOHF EVSJOH UIF đSTU GFX ZFBST PG MJGF ăF TBNQMF DPNQSJTFE GVMMZ
GPSNFE BOE SFMBUJWFMZ VOXPSO UPPUI DSPXOT PG UISFF QFSNBOFOU NBYJMMBSZ NPMBST . . .
GSPN FBDI PG UXP JOEJWJEVBMT
GSPN "CJOHEPO SFQSFTFOUJOH UIF FBSMZ .FEJFWBM BOE $JWJM 8BS QFSJPET -POHJUVEJOBM UIJO TFDUJPOT XFSF QSFQBSFE UISPVHI UIF
NFTJBM DVTQT BOE UIF QSPUPDPOF FOBNFM XBT BOBMZTFE -"*$1.4 XBT VOEFSUBLFO BU EJTDSFUF γN EJBNFUFS TBNQMJOH QPJOUT BS
SBOHFE PO B HSJE XJUI B TQBDJOH PG γN "CMBUFE TFDUJPOT XFSF EJHJUBMMZ JNBHFE BU Y NBHOJđDBUJPO VTJOH BO 0MZNQVT 74
TDBOOJOH NJDSPTDPQF 3FTVMUJOH JNBHFT XFSF HFPSFGFSFODFE VTJOH "SD(*4 BOE UIF DBMDJVN OPSNBMJTFE JOUFOTJUJFT GPS TUSPOUJVN
4S
CBSJVN #B
NBHOFTJVN .H
MFBE 1C
BOE [JOD ;O
QMPUUFE XJUIJO UIF TBNF MPDBM DPPSEJOBUF TZTUFN ăF QBMBUBM BTQFDU PG
FBDI NPMBS XBT EJWJEFE JOUP DISPOPMPHJDBM CBOET CBTFE PO NFBTVSFNFOUT NBEF BMPOH QSJTN QBUIT <> " TFSJFT PG DPOUPVST BQQSPY
JNBUFMZ EBZT BQBSU XBT UIFO DPOTUSVDUFE UIBU GPMMPXFE UIF EJSFDUJPOBMJUZ PG BDDFOUVBUFE MJOFT PS TUSJB QBUIT BOE FBDI TBNQMJOH
QPJOU XBT BTTJHOFE B DISPOPMPHJDBM CBOE %JTUBODFT CFUXFFO FBDI QPJOU BOE UIF &%+ FOBNFM TVSGBDF BOE DFNFOUP FOBNFM KVODUJPO
XFSF DBMDVMBUFE 3FTVMUT DPOđSNFE UIBU DBMDJVN OPSNBMJTFE USBDF FMFNFOU SBUJPT ĔVDUVBUF JO B QSFEJDUBCMF XBZ BDDPSEJOH UP UIF
MPDBUJPO PG UIF TBNQMF XJUIJO UIF UPPUI JOEJDBUJOH UIBU TBNQMJOH MPDBUJPO NVTU CF DPOTJEFSFE JO UIF JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG WBSJBUJPO JO
USBDF FMFNFOU SBUJPT XJUIJO B UPPUI 8JUIJO FBDI DISPOPMPHJDBM CBOE #B$B BOE 4S$B WBMVFT JODSFBTFE UPXBSET UIF $&+ SFĔFDUJOH
JODSFBTFE EJTUBODF GSPN UIF FOBNFM TVSGBDF BOE HSFBUFS QSPYJNJUZ UP UIF &%+ 1C$B BOE ;O$B SBUJPT XFSF FMFWBUFE JO TVCTVSGBDF
FOBNFM UP B EFQUI PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ γN BOE γN SFTQFDUJWFMZ ăF $JWJM 8BS QFSJPE EFOUJUJPO FYIJCJUFE VOJRVFMZ
IJHI MFBE MFWFMT UISPVHIPVU UIF đSTU QFSNBOFOU NPMBS 8JUIJO UPPUI EJTUSJCVUJPOT EFNPOTUSBUFE B DISPOPMPHJDBMMZ DPOTJTUFOU JO
DSFBTF JO 4S$B BOE #B$B BĕFS EBZT BOE B DPSSFTQPOEJOH JODSFBTF JO 1C$B ăFTF DIBOHFT BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI B TIJĕ GSPN
CSFBTU NJML UP BOJNBM NJML CFUXFFO BOE NPOUIT BĕFS CJSUI BOE FYQPTVSF UP MFBE GSPN GFFEJOH VUFOTJMT ăJT TUVEZ TIPXT UIBU
DPOTJEFSBUJPO PG TFWFSBM USBDF FMFNFOU EJTUSJCVUJPOT UPHFUIFS BDSPTT FBSMZ BOE MBUF GPSNJOH UFFUI IBT UIF QPUFOUJBM UP QSPWJEF NPSF
OVBODFE JOGPSNBUJPO PO JOEJWJEVBM EJFUBSZ JOUBLF UIBO BOBMZTJT PG B TJOHMF USBDF FMFNFOU
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF $BMMFWB 'PVOEBUJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> )VNQISFZ -5 %FBO .$ +FĈSJFT 5& *O %FOUBM 1FSTQFDUJWFT PO )VNBO &WPMVUJPO 4UBUF PG UIF "SU 3FTFBSDI JO %FOUBM
1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ QQ <> )VNQISFZ -5 %FBO .$ +FĈSJFT 5& 1FOO . 6OMPDLJOH FWJEFODF PG FBSMZ EJFU GSPN UPPUI FOBNFM
1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ <> )VNQISFZ -5 %JSLT 8 %FBO .$ +FĈSJFT 5& 5SBDLJOH EJFUBSZ USBOTJUJPOT JO XFBOMJOH
CBCPPOT 1BQJP IBNBESZBT BOVCJT
VTJOH TUSPOUJVNDBMDJVN SBUJPT JO FOBNFM 'PMJB 1SJNBU <> "VTUJO $ 4NJUI 5 . #SBENBO "
)JOEF , +PBOOFT#PZBV 3 #JTIPQ %)BSF %+ %PCMF 1 &TLFOB[J # "SPSB . #BSJVN EJTUSJCVUJPOT JO UFFUI SFWFBM FBSMZMJGF EJFUBSZ
USBOTJUJPOT JO QSJNBUFT /BUVSF <> %FBO .$ $PMF 5+ )VNBO MJGF IJTUPSZ FWPMVUJPO FYQMBJOT EJTTPDJBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF
UJNJOH PG UPPUI FSVQUJPO BOE QFBL SBUFT PG SPPU HSPXUI 1MP4 POF F
88
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă .PVOUJOH FWJEFODF GPS NVMUJQMF IVOUJOH FQJTPEFT JO UIF 4DIÕOJOHFO ** i4QFBS )PSJ[POu
+BSPE )VUTPO1 "SJU[B 7JMMBMVFOHB1 "MFKBOESP (BSDÎB.PSFOP1 &MBJOF 5VSOFS1 ,VSU "MU2 $PSJOB ,OJQQFS 3 ăPNBT
,BJTFS4 4BCJOF (BVE[JOTLJ8JOEIFVTFS1
.0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO 3(;. p *OTUJUVU GÛS
"OUISPQPMPHJF +PIBOOFT (VUFOCFSH6OJWFSTJUÅU .BJO[ p $VSU&OHFMIPSO;FOUSVN "SDIÅPNFUSJF H(NC) p #JP[FOUSVN
(SJOEFM VOE ;PPMPHJTDIFT .VTFVN 6OJWFSTJUÅU )BNCVSH
4JODF UIF JOJUJBM EJTDPWFSZ PG UIF 4DIÕOJOHFO TQFBST TFWFSBM JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT IBWF CFFO QVU GPSUI UP FYQMBJO UIF BTTPDJBUFE DPODFOUSB
UJPO PG IPSTF SFNBJOT SBOHJOH GSPN B TJOHMF NBTT LJMM <> UP NVMUJQMF LJMMCVUDIFSZ FQJTPEFT <> BOE B NBTTLJMM FWFOU BNPOH B OBUVSBM
CBDLHSPVOE BDDVNVMBUJPO PG CPOFT <> ăF DPNNPO UISFBE BNPOH UIFTF IZQPUIFTFT JT UIBU UIF QSFTFODF PG TQFBST UPHFUIFS XJUI
UIF EFOTF CPOF BDDVNVMBUJPO BOE B DPNQBSBUJWFMZ TNBMM MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHF FRVBUFT UP B EVBM BNCVTI IVOUJOH BOE DBSDBTT QSPDFTTJOH
TJUF B DPODMVTJPO MBSHFMZ CBTFE PO UIF BOBMZTJT PG POMZ B MJNJUFE TFMFDUJPO PG UIF GBVOBM NBUFSJBM *O UIF .0/3&104 "SDIBF
PMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO CFHBO B DPNQSFIFOTJWF BSDIBFP[PPMPHJDBM UBQIPOPNJD
BOE TQBUJBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF DPNQMFUF MBSHF NBNNBMJBO GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHF GSPN UIF 4DIÕOJOHFO ** i4QFBS )PSJ[POu UP EFUFSNJOF
UIF QSFDJTF TFRVFODF PG FWFOUT UIBU MFE UP TJUF GPSNBUJPO )FSF XF QSFTFOU JOJUJBM SFTVMUT PG UIJT XPSL 0VS IPMJTUJD BQQSPBDI DPN
CJOFT NPEFSO BSDIBFP[PPMPHJDBM BOE UBQIPOPNJD NFUIPET XJUI NVMUJQSPYZ QBMBFPFOWJSPONFOUBM EBUB NJDSPTUSBUJHSBQIZ BOE BO
JOEFQUI TQBUJBM BOBMZTJT UP DPOUFYUVBMJ[F IPNJOJO BDUJWJUJFT BU UIF TJUF PO B đOF TDBMF 1SFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT TVHHFTU B NVDI NPSF
DPNQMFY EFQPTJUJPOBM IJTUPSZ CFZPOE B TJNQMF LJMMCVUDIFSZ MPDBMF ăF RVBOUJUZ PG CVUDIFSFE IPSTF JOEJWJEVBMT SFQSFTFOUFE BMM CVU
FYDMVEFT B TJOHMF NBTT LJMM FWFOU "TJEF GSPN UIF IPSTF BTTFNCMBHF B EJWFSTF BSSBZ PG PUIFS MBSHF NBNNBM TQFDJFT BMTP QSFTFSWFT USBDFT
PG IPNJOJO CVUDIFSZ BOE TIPVME OPU CF EJTNJTTFE BT B NFSF CBDLHSPVOE BDDVNVMBUJPO 'VSUIFSNPSF CPUI GSFTI BOE ESZ CPOFT XFSF
VTFE JO UIF NBOVGBDUVSF BOE SFTIBSQFOJOH PG TUPOF UPPMT TVHHFTUJOH B QSJPS LOPXMFEHF PG UIF SBX NBUFSJBMT BWBJMBCMF GPS VTF BU UIF
TJUF $BSOJWPSF BDUJWJUZ JT JOEJDBUFE CZ UPPUI NBSLT PO OVNFSPVT CPOFT XIJDI MJLFMZ SFQSFTFOUT TFDPOEBSZ TDBWFOHJOH PG DBSDBTTFT CZ
WBSJPVT DBSOJWPSF TQFDJFT "MUFSOBUJWFMZ UIF MBLFTJEF TFUUJOH DPVME IBWF BMTP TFSWFE BT B MPDBUJPO BU XIJDI IPNJOJOT PQQPSUVOJTUJDBMMZ
TDBWFOHFE GSPN PUIFS QSFEBUPST ăF 4DIÕOJOHFO ** i4QFBS )PSJ[POu VOEPVCUFEMZ SFQSFTFOUT B MPDBUJPO BU XIJDI IPNJOJOT
LJMMFE BOE CVUDIFSFE EP[FOT PG MBSHF NBNNBMT CVU UP DIBSBDUFSJ[F UIF u4QFBS )PSJ[POu BT B TUSBJHIUGPSXBSE LJMMCVUDIFSZ MPDBMF JT
UP JHOPSF UIF DPNQMFY OBUVSF PG UIF TJUF BOE JUT VOJRVF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE PG .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO CFIBWJPVS 8F NVTU
UIJOL NPSF PQFOMZ BOE DSJUJDBMMZ BCPVU UIF GVMM SBOHF BOE TFRVFODF PG IPNJOJO BDUJWJUJFT BU UIF TJUF *O EPJOH TP UIF 4DIÕOJOHFO
** i4QFBS )PSJ[POu DBO TFSWF BT B NPEFM UP CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOE IPNJOJO CFIBWJPVSBM BEBQUBUJPO UP JOUFSHMBDJBM FOWJSPONFOUT
EVSJOH UIF -PXFS UP .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI QSPKFDU JT B DPPQFSBUJPO CFUXFFO .0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN
GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO +PIBOOFT (VUFOCFSH6OJWFSTJUÅU .BJO[ BOE /JFEFSTÅDITJTDIFT -BOEFTBNU GÛS %FOLNBMQĔFHF
BOE JT đOBODFE CZ UIF %'( ("
3FGFSFODFT<> ăJFNF ) ăF -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD BSU PG IVOUJOH UIF DBTF PG 4DIÕOJOHFO ** -PXFS 4BYPOZ (FSNBOZ *O (BNCMF $ 1PPS
. &ET
ăF )PNJOJE *OEJWJEVBM JO $POUFYU 3PVUMFEHF -POEPO QQ <> 7PPSNPMFO # "ODJFOU IVOUFST NPEFSO CVUDIFST
4DIÕOJOHFO ** B LJMMCVUDIFSZ TJUF EBUJOH GSPN UIF OPSUIXFTU &VSPQFBO -PXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD 1I% %JTTFSUBUJPO -FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ <> WBO
,PMGTDIPUFO 5 ăF 1BMBFPMJUIJD MPDBMJUZ 4DIÕOJOHFO (FSNBOZ
B SFWJFX PG UIF NBNNBMJBO SFDPSE õVBU *OU 89
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S " SFBQQSBJTBM PG UIF FBSMZ 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT GSPN .BJCVMBL ,B[BLITUBO
3BEV *PWJUB1 ,BUISZO 'JU[TJNNPOT2 .JDIFMMF (MBOU[3 ,BUIBSJOF )PSUPO3 5ZMFS #FFUPO3 ;IBLFO 5BJNBHBNCFUPW 4
.POSFQPT "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN 3(;. /FVXJFE (FSNBOZ p .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS
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64" p BM'BSBCJ ,B[BLI /BUJPOBM 6OJWFSTJUZ "MNBUZ ,B[BLITUBO
ăF USBOTJUJPO GSPN UIF .JEEMF UP UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JO $FOUSBM "TJB IBT HBJOFE JO JNQPSUBODF BĕFS UIF SFDFOU EJTDPWFSJFT PG
DPNQMFY QPQVMBUJPO IJTUPSJFT JO UIJT SFHJPO FH <>
'PS TVDI B MBSHF BSFB UIFSF BSF IPXFWFS WFSZ GFX TJUFT GSPN UIF SFMFWBOU
UJNF QFSJPE )FSF XF QSFTFOU B SFWJTJPO PG UIF EBUB GSPN POF TVDI TJUF .BJCVMBL MPDBUFE JO UIF ;BJMJTLJZ "MBUBV GPPUIJMMT PG UIF
5JFO 4IBO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ LN XFTU PG "MNBUZ JO TPVUIFBTUFSO ,B[BLITUBO ăF TJUF JT TJUVBUFE BU N BTM PO UIF SJHIU CBOL
PG UIF .BJCVMBL TVCNPOUBOF SJWFS XIJDI JODJTFT UIF BMMVWJBM GBO 3JWFS DPCCMFT PG NFUBNPSQIJD PSJHJO BSF BWBJMBCMF UPEBZ JO UIF
SJWFS CFE BOE XPVME MJLFMZ IBWF QSPWJEFE VTFGVM SBX NBUFSJBM GPS 1BMFPMJUIJD QFPQMF MJWJOH JO UIF BSFB ăF TJUF XBT FYDBWBUFE CZ Â
5BJNBHBNCFUPW BOE % 0[IFSFMZFW GSPN BOE BHBJO JO PWFS B UPUBM IPSJ[POUBM TVSGBDF PG N<> ăF TUSBUJHSB
QIZ DPNQSJTFT DB N PG BFPMJBO MPFTT PG WBSJPVT UFYUVSFT " QSFMJNJOBSZ DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF EFQPTJUJPO XBT PCUBJOFE CZ 'FOH FU BM
<> CBTFE PO $ EBUFT PO DIBSDPBM GSPN UIF OPSUI QSPđMF XJUIPVU B TQFDJđD BTTPDJBUJPO UP UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM NBUFSJBMT *O UIF TJUF XBT SFWJTJUFE CZ BO JOUFSOBUJPOBM UFBN JO WJFX PG FWBMVBUJOH JUT QPUFOUJBM GPS OFX TUVEJFT 8JUI UIJT PDDBTJPO OFX TBNQMFT GPS
B MVNJOFTDFODF DISPOPMPHZ BT XFMM BT GPS TPJM BOBMZTFT XFSF DPMMFDUFE BOE BSF DVSSFOUMZ JO QSPDFTTJOH -JLFXJTF UIF MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT
GSPN UIF UXP MPXFSNPTU MBZFST XFSF BMTP SFBOBMZ[FE ăF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TUSBUJHSBQIZ DPOUBJOT UISFF NBJO IPSJ[POT TFQBSBUFE CZ
TUFSJMF TFEJNFOU <> ăF UPQNPTU IPSJ[PO IBT QPTTJCMZ CFFO EJTUVSCFE CZ JOUFSNJUUFOU MPFTT RVBSSZJOH EVSJOH UIF )PMPDFOF BOE XJMM
OPU CF EJTDVTTFE IFSF ăF GPMMPXJOH UXP IPSJ[POT $VMUVSBM )PSJ[PO $)
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DPOUBJO B UPUBM PG TUPOF BSUJGBDUT BT XFMM BT OVNFSPVT CVSOJOH GFBUVSFT JODMVEJOH CVSOU TUPOFT UIBU XFSF QPTTJCMZ VTFE BT IFBU SFUBJOFST ăF -FWBMMPJT
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UZQJDBM -FWBMMPJT DPSFT BOE ĔBLFT BSF GPVOE BU TJNJMBS EFQUIT BT XIBU BQQFBST UP CF B XFMMEFWFMPQFE CMBEFMFU UFDI
OPMPHZ *O UPUBM UIFSF BSF BU MFBTU CMBEFMFUT OPU JODMVEJOH CSPLFO GSBHNFOUT
JODMVEJOH SFUPVDIFE TQFDJNFOT BT XFMM BT QSJTNBUJD CMBEFMFU DPSFT JO $) *** .PSFPWFS UIF CMBEFMFUT XFSF NBEF PO B EJĈFSFOU SBX NBUFSJBM GSPN UIF SFTU PG UIF BTTFNCMBHF
QPTTJCMZ JOEJDBUJOH EJĈFSFOU USFBUNFOU PG UIFTF JNQMFNFOUT #PUI BTTFNCMBHFT MBSHFMZ MBDL GPSNBM UPPMT BMUIPVHI FOETDSBQFST BOE
TJEFTDSBQFST BSF QSFTFOU JO CPUI $) ** BOE *** ăF TFFNJOH DPFYJTUFODF PG -FWBMMPJT BOE CMBEFMFU UFDIOPMPHJFT BT XFMM BT UIF MBUF
TVSWJWBM PG -FWBMMPJT UFDIOPMPHZ QSPWJEF JOUFSFTUJOH QSPCMFNT GPS UZQPMPHZ BOE QFSJPEJ[BUJPO JO $FOUSBM "TJB XIJDI XF EJTDVTT JO
UIF DPOUFYU PG TJUFT PG TJNJMBS BHF JO UIF HSFBUFS SFHJPO
3FGFSFODFT<> 3FJDI % (SFFO 3 & ,JSDIFS . ,SBVTF + 1BUUFSTPO / %VSBOE & : FU BM (FOFUJD IJTUPSZ PG BO BSDIBJD IPNJOJO HSPVQ
GSPN %FOJTPWB $BWF JO 4JCFSJB /BUVSF m <> (MBOU[ . . ăF IJTUPSZ PG IPNJOJO PDDVQBUJPO PG $FOUSBM "TJB JO SFWJFX
*O $ + /PSUPO % 3 #SBVO &ET
"TJBO 1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ QQ m
%PSESFDIU 4QSJOHFS /FUIFSMBOET <> ;XZOT / -BNJOBS
UFDIOPMPHZ BOE UIF POTFU PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JO UIF "MUBJ 4JCFSJB -FJEFO -FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT <> 5BJNBHBNCFUPW Â, 0[IFSFMZFW %7
4UVEJFT BU UIF TUSBUJđFE TJUF PG .BJCVMBL JO ;IFUJTV ‫س‬٧‫ٸٴ‬٥‫ٮ‬٨٥ ‫ٱٳٲ‬ٞ‫ٳ‬٨‫ٵ‬٨‫ٷ‬٨‫ٯٱ‬٠ٞ‫ٯٮٮ‬٩ ‫ٮڀٯٳٲ‬٪٨ ‫ظ‬ٞ٩ٟ‫ٴ‬٫ٞ٪ ٠ ‫ر‬٥‫ ٴٲټٳ‬٠ ١
.JSBT m <> 'FOH ;% 3BO . :BOH 2- FU BM 4USBUJHSBQIJFT BOE DISPOPMPHJFT PG MBUF õVBUFSOBSZ MPFTTQBMFPTPM TFRVFODFT JO UIF DPSF BSFB
PG UIF DFOUSBM "TJBO BSJE [POF õVBUFSO *OU m
90
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S &WPMVUJPO PG UIF VMOBS BOE SBEJBM TJEFT PG UIF IVNBO IBOE
5FB +BTIBTIWJMJ1,2 .BUIFX 8 5PDIFSJ3 $BMFZ . 0SS4 .BSL 3 %PXEFTXFMM5 #JSFO " 1BUFM5
&WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF 1BMBFPTDJFODFT $FOUSF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE 4PVUI "GSJDB p (FPSHJBO /BUJPOBM
.VTFVN 5CJMJTJ (FPSHJB p )VNBO 0SJHJOT 1SPHSBN %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM
)JTUPSZ 4NJUITPOJBO *OTUJUVUJPO 8BTIJOHUPO 64" p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OBUPNZ .JEXFTUFSO 6OJWFSTJUZ %PXOFST (SPWF *-
64" p 4UBUJTUJDT BOE "DUVBSJBM 4DJFODF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE 4PVUI "GSJDB p $FMM BOE /FVSPCJPMPHZ ,FDL 4DIPPM
PG .FEJDJOF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4PVUIFSO $BMJGPSOJB 64"
ăF NPEFSO IVNBO IBOE JT VOJRVF JO CPUI NPSQIPMPHZ BOE GVODUJPOBM DBQBCJMJUJFT DPNQBSFE UP UIF IBOET PG PUIFS FYUBOU IPNJ
OPJET "MUIPVHI JNQPSUBOU PSHBOT GPS NBOJQVMBUJPO UIF IBOET PG BQFT BSF BMTP VTFE JO MPDPNPUJPO XIFUIFS JU CF GPS GPSFMJNC
EPNJOBUFE TVTQFOTJPO BOE CSBDIJBUJPO DMJNCJOH LOVDLMFXBMLJOH PS TPNF PUIFS GPSN PG RVBESVQFEBMJTN FH QBMNJHSBEZ
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DPOUSBTU UIF IVNBO IBOE JT OP MPOHFS B XFJHIUCFBSJOH PSHBO GPS QSPQVMTJPO BOE TVQQPSU BT UIF GPSFMJNCT IBWF CFFO AFNBODJQBUFE
CZ IBCJUVBM CJQFEBMJTN 3BUIFS IVNBO IBOET BSF XFMMBEBQUFE GPS B EJWFSTF SFQFSUPJSF PG HSJQ UZQFT đOF NBOJQVMBUPSZ GVODUJPOT
BOE FOIBODFE EFYUFSJUZ 8IFO UIF NPEFSO IVNBO IBOE FWPMWFE BMM PG JUT VOJRVF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT JT EFCBUFE CVU UIF IPNJOJO GPTTJM
SFDPSE TVHHFTUT UIBU UIFSF XBT B MPOH FWPMVUJPOBSZ QBUIXBZ UP BDIJFWF B IVNBOMJLF IBOE GSPN BO ABQFMJLF IBOE FH <> <> <>
.PSFPWFS UIF IPNJOJO GPTTJM SFDPSE TVHHFTUT UIBU EJĈFSFOU SFHJPOT PG UIF IBOE FWPMWFE IVNBOMJLF DPOEJUJPOT BU EJĈFSFOU UJNFT
TJODF UIF MBTU DPNNPO BODFTUPS PG DIJNQBO[FFT BOE IVNBOT 'PS FYBNQMF B IVNBOMJLF SPCVTU QPMMJDBM EJTUBM QIBMBOY NBZ IBWF
FWPMWFE BT FBSMZ BT UIF -BUF .JPDFOF ∼ .B
XJUI 0SSPSJO UVHFOFOTJT <> XIFSFBT UIF TUZMPJE QSPDFTT PO UIF UIJSE NFUBDBSQBM
BQQBSFOUMZ EJE OPU FWPMWF VOUJM UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF ∼ .B
XJUI )PNP DG FSFDUVT <> 8IJMF TUBOEBSE MJOFBS NFUSJDT IBWF
CFFO UBLFO PO NPTU IBOE FMFNFOUT WFSZ MJUUMF FNQJSJDBM EBUB FYJTU PO PWFSBMM TIBQF PG NFUBDBSQBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT 5SBJUT PG FBSMZ
IPNJOJO NFUBDBSQBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT IJHIMJHIUFE JO UIF MJUFSBUVSF IBWF UZQJDBMMZ CFFO EJTDVTTFE XJUIPVU BOZ TVQQPSUJOH RVBOUJ
UBUJWF EBUB 4FWFSBM SFBTPOT BDDPVOU GPS UIJT UIF NBJO CFJOH UIBU BQQSPQSJBUF NFUIPET UP RVBOUJGZ BOE TUBUJTUJDBMMZ BOBMZ[F UIFTF
TIBQFT IBWF POMZ SFDFOUMZ CFDPNF QSBDUJDBM *O BO BUUFNQU UP JOWFTUJHBUF NFUBDBSQBM GVODUJPOBM NPSQIPMPHZ GVSUIFS 3FJO BOE )BS
WBUJ <> QFSGPSNFE B % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT %(.
BOBMZTJT PG UIF .D CBTF đOEJOH UIBU 4PVUI "GSJDBO IPNJOJOT XFSF
NPSF NPEFSO IVNBO MJLF UIBO XBT "V BGBSFOTJT *O UIJT TUVEZ XF VTF %(. UFDIOJRVFT UP JOWFTUJHBUF .D BOE .D QSPYJNBM
BOE EJTUBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF TIBQF JO FBSMZ IPNJOJOT 8F GPDVTFE PO BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT PG UIFTF UXP FMFNFOUT CFDBVTF UIFZ SFQSFTFOU
UIF VMOBS BOE SBEJBM ACPPLFOET PG UIF OPOQPMMJDBM NFUBDBSQBMT 4QFDJđDBMMZ XF XBOUFE UP BEESFTT UISFF RVFTUJPOT 'JSTU DBO B
MBOENBSLCBTFE %(. BQQSPBDI FĈFDUJWFMZ EJTDSJNJOBUF BSUJDVMBS TIBQF BNPOHTU FYUBOU IPNJOPJET BOE UP XIJDI JG BOZ FYUBOU
HSPVQ BSF FBSMZ IPNJOJOT NPTU TJNJMBS 4FDPOE BSF TIBQFT PG FBSMZ IPNJOJO BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT NPSF TJNJMBS UP FBDI PUIFS PS BSF
UIPTF PG POF GPTTJM HSPVQ NPSF TJNJMBS UP UIPTF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT UIBO PUIFS FBSMZ IPNJOJOT ăJSE BSF BOZ TJNJMBSJUJFT TIBSFE CZ
FBSMZ IPNJOJOT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT NPSF QSFWBMFOU PO VMOBS PS SBEJBM TJEF NFUBDBSQBMT JF .D PS .D SFTQFDUJWFMZ
0VS SFTVMUT
TIPX UIBU %(. FĈFDUJWFMZ EJTDSJNJOBUFT BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF TIBQF PG FYUBOU IPNJOPJE NFUBDBSQBMT 4PVUI "GSJDBO BOE &BTU "GSJDBO
IPNJOJO .D BT XFMM .D BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF TIBQFT BSF DMPTFS UP UIPTF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT UIBO PUIFS DPNQBSBUJWF HSPVQT ăVT JO
UIF % TQBDF EFđOFE CZ UIF đSTU UXP DBOPOJDBM WBSJBUFT PG IPNJOPJET IPNJOJO BOE NPEFSO IVNBO UI NFUBDBSQBMT SFTJEF JO UIF
TBNF NPSQIPTQBDF XIJMF IPNJOJO .D SFTJEF JO UIFJS PXO NPSQIPTQBDF #BTFE PO PVS BOBMZTJT XF TVHHFTU UIBU IPNJOJO VMOBS
TJEF NFUBDBSQBMT UI
BSF NPSF EFSJWFE JO UIF NPEFSO IVNBO EJSFDUJPO UIBO SBEJBM TJEF NFUBDBSQBMT OE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL %S #FSOIBSE ;JQGFM 4UFQIBOZ 1PU[F GPS TVQQPSU BOE BDDFTT UP NBUFSJBMT EVSJOH EBUB DPMMFDUJPO JO
"NFSJDBO .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN PG $PNQBSBUJWF ;PPMPHZ )BSWBSE 6OJWFSTJUZ 4NJUITPOJBO *OTUJUVUJPO /BUJPOBM
.VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8JUXBUFSTSBOE %JUTPOH NVTFVNT PG "GSJDB /BUVSBM
)JTUPSZ .VTFVN 8F BSF WFSZ UIBOLGVM UP %S ,SJTUJBO + $BSMTPO GPS HJWJOH BDDFTT GPS $5 GBDJMJUJFT 5+ XPVME BMTP UP UIBOL UIF
$MBVEF -FPO 'PVOEBUJPO 41"3$ BOE /3' GPS BXBSEJOH IFS B QPTUEPDUPSBM GFMMPXTIJQ
3FGFSFODFT<> 5PDIFSJ .8 0S $. +BDPGTLZ .$ .BS[LF .8 ăF FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ PG UIF IPNJOJO IBOE TJODF UIF MBTU DPNNPO
BODFTUPS PG 1BO BOE )PNP + "OBU <> -PWFKPZ $0 4JNQTPO 48 8IJUF 5% "TGBX # 4VXB ( $BSFGVM DMJNCJOH JO UIF
.JPDFOF UIF GPSFMJNCT PG FYUJU"SEJQJUIFDVT SBNJEVT BOE IVNBOT BSF QSJNJUJWF 4DJFODF Fm <> 8BSE $7 5PDIFSJ .8 1MBWDBO +.
#SPXO '# .BOUIJ ', &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF UIJSE NFUBDBSQBM GSPN ,FOZB BOE UIF FWPMVUJPO PG NPEFSO IVNBOMJLF IBOE NPSQIPMPHZ 1/"4
EPJQOBT <> "MNÊDJKB 4 .PZÆ4PMÆ 4 "MCB %. &BSMZ PSJHJO GPS IVNBOMJLF QSFDJTJPO HSBTQJOH B DPNQBSBUJWF TUVEZ PG
QPMMJDBM EJTUBM QIBMBOHFT JO GPTTJM IPNJOJOT 1-04]0OF EPJ KPVSOBMQPOF <> 3FJO ă3 )BSWBUJ , &YQMPSJOH UIJSE
NFUBDBSQBM DBQJUBUF GBDFU TIBQF JO FBSMZ IPNJOJOT "OBU 3FD 91
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B ăF BOUMFS BOE CPOF QPJOUT GSPN UIF &BSMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD MBZFST PG 'VNBOF $BWF 7FSPOB *UBMZ
UFDIOPMPHJDBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPO BOE JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS UIF DVMUVSBM BUUSJCVUJPO
$BNJMMF +ÊRVJFS1 .BUUFP 3PNBOEJOJ1 .BSDP 1FSFTBOJ1
6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 'FSSBSB
'VNBOF $BWF BU UIF CPUUPN PG UIF "MQT JO /PSUIFBTUFSO *UBMZ IBT QSPWFE UP CF POF PG UIF NPTU JNQPSUBOU TJUFT GPS UIF &BSMZ 6QQFS
1BMBFPMJUIJD ăF FYDFMMFOU TUBUF PG DPOTFSWBUJPO PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT BMMPX B DPNQSFIFOTJWF VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF BDUJWJUJFT
UIBU UPPL QMBDF EVSJOH UIF GSFRVFOUBUJPOT PG UIF TJUF "TJEF GSPN B WFSZ SJDI MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ BO JNQSFTTJWF DPMMFDUJPO PG TIFMMT BOE
TPNF PG UIF PMEFTU NPCJMF BSU EJTDPWFSFE JO &VSPQF 'VNBOF $BWF ZJFMEFE B DPOTQJDVPVT BNPVOU PG IBSE PTTFPVT JOEVTUSZ #SPHMJP
BOE %BMNFSJ #SPHMJP FU BM 8F DPOEVDUFE B UFDIOPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF BOUMFS BOE PTTFPVT JOEVTUSZ BT XFMM BT UFFUI
VTFE BT PSOBNFOUT *O BEEJUJPO UP UIF NBUFSJBM BMSFBEZ GPVOE EVSJOH UIF FYDBWBUJPOT CPUI PO TJUF BOE UISPVHI TJFWJOH XF NBO
BHFE UP SFDPWFS TFWFSBM FMFNFOUT QFSUJOFOU UP UIF EJĈFSFOU TUBHFT PG UIF DIBÏOF PQÊSBUPJSF ăJT DPOUSJCVUJPO GPDVTFT PO UIF BOUMFS
BOE CPOF QPJOUT "OUMFS PG $FSWJEBF XFSF VTFE UP QSPEVDF đWF TQMJUCBTFE QPJOUT JO UIF VQQFS MFWFMT PG UIF "VSJHOBDJBO %%
ăSFF BOUMFS QPJOUT IBWF UIFJS CBTF NJTTJOH QSFWFOUJOH VT GSPN CFJOH BCMF UP NBLF B UZQPMPHJDBM BUUSJCVUJPO .PSFPWFS B QSFGPSN PG
TQMJUCBTFE QPJOU JO BOUMFS XBT EJTDPWFSFE JO UIF "3 MBZFS XIJDI XBT BUUSJCVUFE UP UIF 1SPUP"VSJHOBDJBO 'SPN B UFDIOPMPHJDBM
TUBOEQPJOU XF XFSF BCMF UP SFDPWFS GPVS GSBHNFOUT PG BOUMFST XIJDI BMM TIPX DMFBS EJSFDU QFSDVTTJPO EÊCJUBHF XJUI B MBSHF BOE XJEF
MJUIJD JNQMFNFOU "MUIPVHI XF EJE OPU đOE BOZ CBHVFUUF UIVT JNQFEJOH UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF FYBDU FYUSBDUJPO NPEBMJUZ XF XFSF BCMF
UP EFUFSNJOF UIBU UIF TQMJUUJOH PG UIF CBTF PDDVSSFE BĕFS B đSTU HSPPWJOH PG UIF TVQFSđDJFT CVU XJUIPVU BOZ QBSUJDVMBS QSFQBSBUJPO
PG UIF CBTF BT IBT CFFO PCTFSWFE JO PUIFS TJUFT JO (FSNBOZ BOE 'SBODF -JPMJPT "MM UIF BOUMFS QPJOUT IBWF VOEFSHPOF B UIPS
PVHI HSPPWJOH JO PSEFS UP HJWF UIF đOBM GPSN UP UIF QPJOU .PSFPWFS POF TQMJUCBTFE QPJOU IBT CFFO QSPEVDFE PO CPOF "MUIPVHI
UIF CBTF BOE UIF TIBĕ BQQFBS UP CF GVMMZ XPSLFE UIF EJTUBM FYUSFNJUZ IBT CFFO EFMJCFSBUFMZ TFQBSBUFE GSPN UIF SFTU PG UIF TVQQPSU
$MFBS TUJHNBUB PG TBXJOH IBWF CFFO PCTFSWFE PO UIF đSTU IBMG PG UIF XJEUI PG UIF QPJOU ăF PUIFS IBMG CFBST TJHOT PG GSBDUVSBUJPO
CZ ĔFYJPO ăF QSFTFODF PG TQMJUCBTFE QPJOUT XJUIJO 1SPUP"VSJHOBDJBO MBZFST JT WFSZ SBSF BOE IBT CFFO PCTFSWFE POMZ JO B GFX TJUFT
5BSUBS BOE 8IJUF CVU JU JT VTVBMMZ BUUSJCVUFE UP B NPSF SFDFOU UFDIOPDPNQMFY UIF &BSMZ "VSJHOBDJBO ăF BUUSJCVUJPO
UP UIF 1SPUP"VSJHOBDJBO CBTFE PO UIF MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ BU 'VNBOF $BWF BMMPXT UP GVSUIFS FYUFOE UIF EBUB BWBJMBCMF PO UIJT UZQF PG
IBSE PTTFPVT JOEVTUSZ "OPUIFS FYBNQMF JO B QPTTJCMZ 1SPUP"VSJHOBDJBO DPOUFYU JT UIF TNBMM TQMJUCBTFE QPJOU GSPN 1PUPʃLB [JKBMLB
+ÊRVJFS 'JOBMMZ UIF QSFTFODF PG B TQMJUCBTFE QPJOU NBEF PG CPOF JT WFSZ SBSF BOE JNQMJFT B HPPE VOEFSTUBOEJOH BOE NBT
UFSJOH PG UIF EJĈFSFOU UFDIOJRVFT VTFE PO BOUMFS JO PSEFS UP USBOTQPTF UIFN POUP BOPUIFS SBX NBUFSJBM
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 3FTFBSDI BU 'VNBOF JT DPPSEJOBUFE CZ UIF 'FSSBSB 6OJWFSTJUZ JO UIF GSBNFXPSL PG B QSPKFDU TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF
*UBMJBO .JOJTUSZ PG $VMUVSF 7FOFUP "SDIBFPMPHJDBM )FSJUBHF QVCMJD JOTUJUVUJPOT -FTTJOJB .PVOUBJO $PNNVOJUZ 3FHJPOBM /BU
VSBM 1BSL 'VNBOF .VOJDJQBMJUZ 7FOFUP 3FHJPO %FQBSUNFOU GPS $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHF
3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUJPOT .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF
GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ
BOE QSJWBUF BTTPDJBUJPOT BOE DPNQBOJFT
3FGFSFODFT<> #SPHMJP " $JMMJ $ (JBDPCJOJ ( (VSJPMJ ' 0TTP QBMDP EFOUF F DPODIJHMJB J TVQQPSUJ JO NBUFSJB EVSB BOJNBMF EFJ NBOVGBUUJ
EFJ QSJNJ VPNJOJ NPEFSOJ B 'VNBOF 7FSPOB
"UUJ EFMMB 999*9 3JVOJPOF 4DJFOUJđDB EFMM**11 <> #SPHMJP " %BMNFSJ ( 1JUUVSF QBMFPMJUJDIF
OFMMF 1SFBMQJ 7FOFUF (SPUUB EJ 'VNBOF F 3JQBSP %BMNFSJ .FNPSJF EFM .VTFP $JWJDP EJ 4UPSJB /BUVSBMF EJ 7FSPOB 1SFJTUPSJB "MQJOB 7FSPOB <>
+ÊRVJFS $" 5FDIOPÊDPOPNJF EFT JOEVTUSJFT FO NBUJÍSFT EVSFT EPSJHJOF BOJNBMF FOUSF 1BMÊPMJUIJRVF NPZFO FU TVQÊSJFVS FO *UBMJF PSJFOUBMF FU
4MPWÊOJF 6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 'FSSBSB 1I% %JTTFSUBUJPO <> -JPMJPT % 3FĔFDUJPOT PO UIF SPMF PG CPOF UPPMT JO UIF EFđOJUJPO PG UIF &BSMZ
"VSJHOBDJBO *O #BS:PTFG 0 ;JMIÈP + &ET
5PXBSET B %FđOJUJPO PG UIF "VSJHOBDJBO 5SBCBMIPT EF "SRVFPMPHJB -JTCPB QQ m
<> 5BSUBS & 8IJUF 3 ăF NBOVGBDUVSF PG "VSJHOBDJBO TQMJUCBTFE QPJOUT BO FYQFSJNFOUBM DIBMMFOHF +PVSOBM PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF m
92
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă #JOOJOH B CPOF PG DPOUFOUJPO GSPN UIF )PNP FSFDUVT UZQF MPDBMJUZ 5SJOJM
+PTFQIJOF +PPSEFOT1 "OOF 4DIVMQ2 #FSUJM 7BO 0T3 8JN -VTUFOIPVXFS4 +PIO %F 7PT2 8JM 3PFCSPFLT 1
-FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ -FJEFO ăF /FUIFSMBOET p /BUVSBMJT #JPEJWFSTJUZ $FOUFS -FJEFO ăF /FUIFSMBOET p $VMUVSBM
)FSJUBHF "HFODZ PG UIF /FUIFSMBOET "NFSTGPPSU ăF /FUIFSMBOET p 76 6OJWFSTJUZ "NTUFSEBN ăF /FUIFSMBOET
ăF GBNPVT %VCPJT $PMMFDUJPO GSPN UIF )PNP FSFDUVT UZQF MPDBMJUZ 5SJOJM *OEPOFTJB IPVTFE JO /BUVSBMJT -FJEFO ăF /FUIFS
MBOET
JT DVSSFOUMZ VOEFS FYBNJOBUJPO CZ B NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ UFBN BOE JT ZJFMEJOH FYDJUJOH OFX JOTJHIUT JO UIF CFIBWJPVS PG )PNP
FSFDUVT ăF SFMFWBODF PG UIJT SFTFBSDI BOE PG GVUVSF SFTFBSDI CBTFE PO UIF %VCPJT $PMMFDUJPO JT IJHIMZ EFQFOEFOU PO SFMJBCMF BOE JS
SFGVUBCMF QSPWFOBODFT PG UIF TUVEJFE GPTTJMT BOE PO UIF EFHSFF PG iIPNPHFOFJUZuPG UIF 5SJOJM BTTFNCMBHF &WFS TJODF &VHÍOF %VCPJT
QVCMJDBUJPOT PO UIF i1JUIFDBOUISPQVTu GPTTJMT GSPN 5SJOJM NPSF UIBO ZFBST BHP %VCPJT UIFSF IBWF CFFO DPOUSPWFSTJFT
SFHBSEJOH BHF TJUF JOUFHSJUZ BOE UIF QPTTJCMZ DPNQPTJUF OBUVSF PG UIF UZQF MPU PG )PNP FSFDUVT FH .BOPVWSJFS /PUBCMZ
UIF QBUIPMPHJDBM 'FNVS * IBT CFFO B CPOF PG DPOUFOUJPO EPFT JU CFMPOH UP UIF )PNP FSFDUVT NBUFSJBM GSPN 5SJOJM PS JT JU JOUSVTJWF
BOE TIPVME JU CF BUUSJCVUFE UP )PNP TBQJFOT *O BEEJUJPO DPODFSOT IBWF CFFO SBJTFE SFHBSEJOH UIF FYDBWBUJPO QSBDUJDFT FNQMPZFE CZ
%VCPJT SFTVMUJOH JO BMMFHBUJPOT UIBU 'FNVS * NBZ IBWF EFSJWFE GSPN B NVDI ZPVOHFS TUSBUVN UIBO UIF NBJO GPTTJMCFBSJOH CFE 5SJOJM
)BVQULOPDIFOTDIJDIU #BSUTJPLBT BOE %BZ 3VĈ FU BM 5P BEESFTT UIFTF JTTVFT XF IBWF QFSGPSNFE TFNJRVBOUJUBUJWF
93'BOBMZTFT PO 'FNVS * UIF )PNP FSFDUVT UZQF TLVMMDBQ 5SJOJM UIF BEEJUJPOBM )PNP FSFDUVT GFNPSB GSPN 5SJOJM BOE BTTPDJBUFE
WFSUFCSBUF GPTTJM CPOFT GSPN 5SJOJM BOE GSPN OFBSCZ ,FEVOH #SVCVT 8F TIPX UIBU 'FNVS * UIF TLVMMDBQ BOE UIF PUIFS )PNP FSFDUVT
GFNPSB BMM TIBSF UIF TBNF TQFDJđD FMFNFOUBM DPNQPTJUJPO QSPđMF BOE DBO CF SFMJBCMZ CJOOFE XJUI UIBU PG UIF PUIFS GPTTJM GBVOB GSPN
5SJOJM .PSFPWFS XF IBWF SFDPOTUSVDUFE UIF EBZUPEBZ FYDBWBUJPO IJTUPSZ PG 'FNVS * CBTFE PO DPSSFTQPOEFODF CFUXFFO %VCPJT
BOE UIF POTJUF FYDBWBUPST ,SJFMF BOE EF 8JOUFS %VCPJT "SDIJWF /BUVSBMJT -FJEFO ăF /FUIFSMBOET
5PHFUIFS UIFTF EBUB BMMPX
VT UP DPODMVEF UIBU 'FNVS * IBT UIF TBNF TUSBUJHSBQIJD QSPWFOBODF BT UIF PUIFS GPTTJM CPOFT JODMVEJOH UIF TLVMMDBQ
GSPN 5SJOJM
ăF iNPEFSO IVNBOu NPSQIPMPHZ BOE EFWJBUJOH $B1 SBUJP PG UIF JOOFS CPOF NBUFSJBM PG 'FNVS * DBO CF FYQMBJOFE CZ JUT TFWFSF
QBUIPMPHZ *O TVN UIFSF JT OP SFBTPO UP JOWPLF B NVDI ZPVOHFS BHF PG UIJT IFBWJMZ GPTTJMJTFE CPOF 'JOBMMZ XF CSJFĔZ EJTDVTT UIF BHF
PG 5SJOJM )BVQULOPDIFOTDIJDIU UIF MFTTPOT MFBSOFE GPS EBUJOH PG +BWBOFTF IPNJOJO TJUFT BOE UIF JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS UJNJOH PG UIF đSTU
BQQFBSBODF PG )PNP FSFDUVT PO +BWB
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL PVS DPMMFBHVFT 'SBOL )VĈNBO BOE 1BVM "MCFST GPS EJTDVTTJPOT BOE TVQQPSU
3FGFSFODFT<> %VCPJT & 1JUIFDBOUISPQVT FSFDUVT FJOF NFOTDIFOBFIOMJDIF ¾CFSHBOHTGPSN BVT +BWB #BUBWJB -BOEFTESVDLFSFJ <> .BOPVWSJFS
- %FVYJÍNF ÊUVEF TVS MF u1JUIFDBOUISPQVT FSFDUVTu DPNNF QSÊDVSTFVS QSÊTVNÊ EF MIPNNF #VMMFUJOT EF MB 4PDJÊUÊ EBOUISPQPMPHJF EF 1BSJT *7
4ÊSJF UPNF <> #BSUTJPLBT " %BZ . ) &MFDUSPO 1SPCF &OFSHZ %JTQFSTJWF 93BZ .JDSPBOBMZTJT &%9"
JO UIF JOWFTUJHBUJPO PG
GPTTJM CPOF UIF DBTF PG +BWB .BO 1SPD 3 4PD -PO # <> 3VĈ $# 1VZNFSBJM - .BDDIJBSFMMJ 3 EF 7PT + $JPDIPO 3- 4USVDUVSF PG UIF 5SJOJM )PNP FSFDUVT GFNPSB "CTUSBDUT OE "OOVBM .FFUJOH PG UIF "NFSJDBO "TTPDJBUJPO PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHJTUT "QSJM ,OPYWJMMF 5FOOFTTFF
93
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S /FX JOTJHIUT JOUP UIF NVMUJQMF .FTPMJUIJD CVSJBM PG (SP 'SFEFOXBMEF /&(FSNBOZ
#FUUJOB +VOHLMBVT1 "OESFBT ,PUVMB2 ăPNBT 5FSCFSHFS3
"OUISPQPMPHJF#ÛSP #FSMJO p &SOTU.PSJU["SOEU6OJWFSTJUÅU (SFJGTXBME p /JFEFSTÅDITJTDIFT -BOEFTBNU GÛS
%FOLNBMQĔFHF
ăF OVNCFS PG XFMM QSFTFSWFE FBSMZ )PMPDFOF CVSJBMT PG OPSUIFSO $FOUSBM &VSPQF JT WFSZ MJNJUFE 'SPN UIF 1SFCPSFBM BOE #PSFBM
MPPTF CPOFT BSF POMZ BWBJMBCMF BOE JU JT OPU CFGPSF UIF "UMBOUJD QFSJPE UIBU JOIVNBUJPO HSBWFT BOE JTPMBUFE DSFNBUJPO HSBWFT BSF
QSFTFOU "NPOH UIF MBUF
.FTPMJUIJD HSBWFT UIF NVMUJQMF CVSJBM PG (SP 'SFEFOXBMEF MPDBUFE BCPVU LN /& PG #FSMJO JT PVU
TUBOEJOH ăF CVSJBM XBT EFUFDUFE PO UPQ PG B QSPNJOFOU IJMM N BTM
JO BOE VOGPSUVOBUFMZ FYDBWBUJPO PG UIF TLFMFUPOT
IBE CFFO UBLJOH QMBDF VOEFS QPPS DPOEJUJPOT *O ".4EBUJOH JEFOUJđFE B .FTPMJUIJD DPOUFYU D DBM#$
4PNF
HSBWF HPPET XFSF DPMMFDUFE BOE GSBHNFOUT PG B TMPUUFE EBHHFS VOEFSMJOF UIF SJDI TUBUVT PG UIF CVSJBM TFF (SBNTDI 4DIPLOFDIU )FSF XF QSFTFOU SFTVMUT PG UIF đSTU EFUBJMFE BOUISPQPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF TLFMFUPOT BOE POHPJOH SFFYDBWBUJPO PG UIF TJUF BT XFMM BT
SFTVMUT PG ".4EBUJOH BOE JTPUPQF BOBMZTFT $ /
.PTU PG UIF CPOFT BSF SFE DPMPSFE JOEJDBUJOH UIF EFQPTJUJPO PG UIF EFBE
CPEJFT JO PDISF TUBJOFE TFEJNFOUT ăF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG TJY JOEJWJEVBMT XBT QPTTJCMF UXP BEVMU NFO POF BEVMU XPNBO BOE UISFF
DIJMESFO UP ZFBST PME Y QSPCBCMZ NBMF Y QSPCBCMZ GFNBMF
ăF NBMF BEVMUT BSF BCPVU DN UBMMFS UIBO UIF XPNBO N D
N G D N
)FBMUI TUBUVT PG UIF JOEJWJEVBMT XBT RVJUF XFMM )PXFWFS UIF XPNBO XBT TVĈFSJOH GSPN BSUISPTJT JO IFS SJHIU
FMCPX BOE GSPN QBSBEPOUPTJT )FS UFFUI XFSF IFBWJMZ XPSO CZ VTF BT UPPMT 0OF $IJME JT QSPCBCMZ TIPXJOH FWJEFODF PG TDVSWZ /P
TJHOT PG WJPMFODF BSF QSFTFOU PO UIF TLFMFUPOT BOE UIF SFBTPO GPS UIF EFBUI PG UIF TJY JOEJWJEVBMT SFNBJOT VODMFBS *O PSEFS UP CFUUFS
VOEFSTUBOE UIF DPOUFYU PG UIF CVSJBMT SFFYDBWBUJPO PG UIF TJUF XBT DPOEVDUFE JO 4NBMM CPOF GSBHNFOUT PG UIF TLFMFUPOT
EBNBHFE EVSJOH SBQJE SFTDVF FYDBWBUJPO XFSF GPVOE BT XFMM BT B GFX IVNBO CPOFT JO BO VOEJTUVSCFE QPTJUJPO VOEFS B DIBSDPBM MBZFS
'VSUIFS FYDBWBUJPO JT OFDFTTBSZ UP DMBSJGZ XIFUIFS BOPUIFS CVSJBM JT QSFTFOU PO UIF TJUF " DPOTJEFSBCMF OVNCFS PG OFX HSBWF HPPET
NBLF (SP 'SFEFOXBMEF OPX POF PG UIF SJDIFTU .FTPMJUIJD CVSJBMT PG $FOUSBM &VSPQF 4BNQMFT PG UIF TJY IVNBO JOEJWJEVBMT BOE UXP
BOJNBM UPPUI QFOEBOUT BSF QSPWJEJOH B SFMJBCMF CBTJT GPS UIF ".4EBUJOH ăF EBUFT PG UIF IVNBOT WBSZ CFUXFFO D BOE DBM#$ CVU UIF NPSF SFMJBCMF EBUFT BSF SFMBUFE UP UIF UPPUI QFOEBOUT ăFZ BTTJHO UIF CVSJBM UP D DBM#$ BOE BO FBSMZ ,POHF
NPTF DPOUFYU ăF EJĈFSJOH ".4EBUFT PG UIF IVNBOT NJHIU CF DBVTFE CZ SFTFSWPJS FĈFDUT ăF /WBMVFT WBSZ CFUXFFO UP
x BOE BSF JOEJDBUJOH TPNF DPOTVNQUJPO PG GSFTI XBUFS đTI ăFTF SFTVMUT đOE QBSBMMFMT JO PUIFS .FTPMJUIJD IVNBO SFNBJOT
GSPN OPSUIFSO (FSNBOZ BOE UIFZ JOEJDBUF UIBU DPOTVNQUJPO PG BRVBUJD SFTPVSDFT JO UIF JOMBOE XBT NPSF GSFRVFOU UIBO FYQFDUFE
ăF NVMUJQMF CVSJBM JT PG NBKPS SFMFWBODF GPS UIF DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG UIF .FTPMJUIJD QPQVMBUJPO PG $FOUSBM &VSPQF KVTU CFGPSF UIF
DPMPOJ[BUJPO PG $FOUSBM &VSPQF CZ -JOJFOCBOELFSBNJL GBSNFST NJE PG UIF UI NJMMFOOJVN DBM#$ 'JSTU SFTVMUT PG B%/"BOBMZTJT
PG (SP 'SFEFOXBMEF BSF TUSPOHMZ TVQQPSUJOH UIF JEFB UIBU UIF OBUJWF .FTPMJUIJD QPQVMBUJPO XBT HFOFUJDBMMZ DPNQMFUFMZ EJĈFSFOU
UP UIF OFX -#, GBSNFST
3FGFSFODFT<> (SBNTDI # 4DIPLOFDIU 6 (SP 'SFEFOXBMEF -LS 6DLFSNBSL m FJOF NJUUFMTUFJO[FJUMJDIF .FISGBDICFTUBUUVOH JO
/PSEEFVUTDIMBOE 7FSÕĈFOUMJDIVOHFO EFT #SBOEFOCVSHJTDIFO -BOEFTNVTFVN GÛS 6S VOE 'SÛIHFTDIJDIUF 94
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S .VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ TUVEJFT PG B ZFBS PME DBOJE TLVMM GSPN "HIJUV $BWF "SNFOJB
"OESFX 8 ,BOEFM1 #PSJT (BTQBSZBO2 4JSXBO "MJ3 %PSPUIÊF %SVDLFS4 7FSFOB + 4DIVFOFNBOO5
ăF 3PMF PG $VMUVSF JO &BSMZ &YQBOTJPOT PG )VNBOT 30$&&)
)FJEFMCFSH "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT BOE )VNBOJUJFT BU UIF
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO p *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE &UIOPHSBQIZ "SNFOJBO /BUJPOBM "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFP[PPMPHZ *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO p %FQBSUNFOU PG 1BMFPCJPMPHZ
*OTUJUVUF PG (FPTDJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFP BOE 1BMFPHFOFUJDT *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM
4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO
.VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ TUVEJFT BU "HIJUV $BWF "SNFOJB SFMBUFE UP UIF EJTDPWFSZ PG B DPNQMFUF DBOJE TLVMM BU UIF CPVOEBSZ CFUXFFO BS
DIBFPMPHJDBM IPSJ[POT 7* BOE 7 QSPWJEF B CBDLESPQ GPS CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH UIF FBSMZ EPNFTUJDBUJPO PG DBOJET ăF XFMMQSFTFSWFE
DSBOJVN BOE NBOEJCMF PG BO BEVMU DBOJE BSF BTTPDJBUFE XJUI B DBOJE IVNFSVT BOE SBEJVT SBEJPDBSCPO EBUFE UP BCPVU DBM #1
4FWFSBM CJUF NBSLT JO UIF TLVMM TVHHFTU JUT GBUF ăJT IJHI BMUJUVEF N
TJUF JO TPVUIFSO "SNFOJB IBT ZJFMEFE UISFF XFMM EFđOFE
BSDIBFPMPHJDBM IPSJ[POT 7** 7* BOE *** FBDI DPOUBJOJOH DVMUVSBM SFNBJOT GSPN 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD PDDVQBUJPOT ăFTF UISFF PDDV
QBUJPOT TIBSF B MBNJOBS UFDIOPMPHZ UIBU XBT VTFE UP QSPEVDF CMBEFMFUT BOE CMBEFT XJUI B TQFDJBM GPDVT PO UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG MBUFSBMMZ
SFUPVDIFE CMBEFMFUT BOE UIF QSFEPNJOBOU VTF PG PCTJEJBO BT B SBX NBUFSJBM ăF VQQFSNPTU PDDVQBUJPO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM IPSJ[PO ***
TIPXT JOUFOTJđFE VTF PG UIF TJUF DPVQMFE XJUI FWJEFODF GPS CPOF UPPM VTF BOE QFSTPOBM PSOBNFOUBUJPO 1BSBMMFM UP UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM
TUVEJFT JOWFTUJHBUJPOT PG UIF HFOFUJDT BOE NPSQIPNFUSJDT PG UIF DBOJE TLVMM BSF DVSSFOUMZ VOEFSXBZ ăF HFOFUJD TUVEZ JT BJNFE BU
JEFOUJGZJOH XIFUIFS UIJT DBOJE DBO CF TFDVSFMZ BUUSJCVUFE UP XPMG PS EPH 4JNJMBSMZ USBEJUJPOBM BOE HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD TUVEJFT
BSF BJNFE BU EFUFSNJOJOH XIFUIFS DIBOHFT JO TIBQF BOE TJ[F DBO CF DPODMVTJWFMZ BUUSJCVUFE UP XPMG PS EPH *TPUPQJD BOBMZTFT PG UIFTF
CPOFT XJMM IFMQ EFUFSNJOF UIF FOWJSPONFOUBM BT XFMM BT OVUSJUJPOBM QBSBNFUFST PG UIF DBOJE 8F BSF BMTP TUVEZJOH UIF SFNBJOT PG DIBS
DPBM QPMMFO QIZUPMJUIT BOE NJDSPNBNNBMT UP FTUBCMJTI B NVMUJQSPYZ FOWJSPONFOUBM CBTFMJOF GPS UIJT TQFDJNFO " GVSUIFS BWFOVF PG
SFTFBSDI XJMM CF UP FYBNJOF UIF OBUVSF PG UIF TFEJNFOU JUTFMG XIJDI DPOUBJOT UXP DMFBSMZ JOUFSTUSBUJđFE UFQISB MBZFST VTJOH B NJDSP
NPSQIPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDI 'JOBMMZ UBQIPOPNJD TUVEJFT PG UIF DBOJE CPOFT XJMM QBJOU B QJDUVSF PG IPX UIFTF CPOFT BDDVNVMBUFE BU UIF
TJUF 8PWFO UPHFUIFS UIFTF WBSJFE EBUBTFUT XJMM TIFE MJHIU PO UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO IVNBOT BOE UIF FBSMZ EPNFTUJDBUJPO PG DBOJET
95
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S &WBMVBUJOH BSDIBFPMPHZ m VTJOH OFUXPSL BOBMZTJT UP WJTVBMJTF SFTFBSDI CFIBWJPVS
5SJOF ,FMMCFSH /JFMTFO1
"BSIVT 6OJWFSTJUZ
8IFO GBNJMJBSJTJOH POFTFMG XJUI B OFX đFME PG SFTFBSDI POF PĕFO USJFT UP PCUBJO BO PWFSWJFX PG JUT SFTFBSDI IJTUPSZ FTQFDJBMMZ
UIF NBOOFS JO XIJDI UIF HFOFSBM EJTDPVSTF BHFOEB BOE FNQIBTJT IBT DIBOHFE PWFS UIF ZFBST .FUIPEPMPHJDBM BOE UIFPSFUJDBM BQ
QSPBDIFT BSF PĕFO SFĔFDUJPOT PG DPOUFNQPSBSZ BDBEFNJD USFOET BOE QPMJUJDBM BHFOEBT UIFSFGPSF FWFO PVUEBUFE QVCMJDBUJPOT DBO
DPOUBJO B QBMJNQTFTU PG JOUFSFTUJOH JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU GPSNFS BDBEFNJD PQJOJPOT BMMJBODFT BOE DPOĔJDUT m BT XFMM BT QPTJUJPO UIF
BDBEFNJD EJTDPVSTF JO B CSPBEFS TDFOF PG MFHJTMBUJPO BOE QPMJDZNBLJOH )PXFWFS PCUBJOJOH TVDI BO PWFSWJFX BOE EJTTFNJOBUJOH JU
UP DPMMFBHVFT
DBO QPTF IJHIMZ UJNF DPOTVNJOH BOE NBZ BU UJNFT CF TFFO BT VOQSPEVDUJWF MFHXPSL UIBU TJNQMZ OFFET UP CF EPOF JO
PSEFS UP GPDVT PO NPSF SFTVMUESJWFO XPSL $POUSBSZ UP UIJT PQJOJPO UIJT QPTUFS XJMM IPQF UP TIPX IPX SFTFBSDI IJTUPSZ DBO RVJDLMZ
BOE DPNQSFIFOTJWFMZ CF BOBMZTFE VTJOH PQFO TPVSDF TPĕXBSF FH (FQIJ UIBU DBO IFMQ SFWFBM OFX QFSTQFDUJWFT QBUUFSOT BOE
SFMBUJPOT /FUXPSL BOBMZTJT IBT BMSFBEZ CFFO TQPSBEJDBMMZ JOUSPEVDFE JO UIF IVNBOJUJFT BOE IBT CFFO VTFE XJUI BEWBOUBHF UP DSFBUF
WJTVBMJTBUJPOT PG IJHIMZ DPNQMFY OFUXPSLT JO BDBEFNJB FH DJUBUJPOT QVCMJDBUJPOT IJFSBSDIZ &RVBMMZ UIF NFUIPE IBT CFFO
VTFE JO WFSZ EJĈFSFOU FORVJSJFT BOE đFMET FH JO FDPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT PG DPPDDVSSFODF JO TPJM NJDSPCJBM DPNNVOJUJFT )PXFWFS
B NPSF XJEFTQSFBE LOPXMFEHF BOE JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG UIF BQQSPBDI DPVME QSPWF CFOFđDJBM ăJT QPTUFS XJMM QSFTFOU UIF UIFPSFUJ
DBM CBDLHSPVOE PG OFUXPSL BOBMZTJT TIPX IPX JU DBO CF VTFE BT B NFUIPE FWBMVBUF UIF BEWBOUBHFT BOE EJTBEWBOUBHFT BOE EJTDVTT
UIF QPTTJCMF QSPTQFDUT PG UIF BQQSPBDI *OTQJSFE CZ UIF OPUJPO PG UIF IFSNFOFVUJDBM TQJSBM NPTU SFTFBSDI DBO CF WJFXFE BT NFSF
UFNQPSBSZ TUPQT PO B MPOH USBKFDUPSZ PG DIBOHJOH UIFPSFUJDBM GSBNFXPSLT JO UIJT XBZ PME BT XFMM BT OFX SFTVMUT BSF QSPEVDUT PG B
DPOUFNQPSBSZ FQJTUFNPMPHJDBM TQIFSF ăFSFGPSF JU JT JNQPSUBOU UP NBJOUBJO B EFHSFF PG DSJUJDJTN BOE PCKFDUJWJUZ XIFO EFBMJOH XJUI
BMM đFMET PG SFTFBSDI ăF FNQIBTJT PG UIJT QPTUFS XJMM UIFSFGPSF SFNBJO JOUSPTQFDU BOE GPDVT PO BOBMZTJOH BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BDBEFNJD
CFIBWJPVS UISPVHI OFUXPSL BOBMZTJT PG CJCMJPNFUSJD DJUBUJPO EBUB "MUIPVHI UIF DPNQJMBUJPO PG EBUB JT BMXBZT SFMBUJWFMZ UJNF DPO
TVNJOH UIF JODSFBTJOH GPDVT PO EJHJUBMJTBUJPO PG QVCMJDBUJPOT JT B NBKPS BEWBOUBHF UIBU XJMM POMZ NBLF UIJT BQQSPBDI NPSF BDDFTTJCMF
JO UIF GVUVSF " DBTF TUVEZ XJMM FOTVSF BO BDDVSBUF FYFNQMJđDBUJPO PG UIF NFUIPE ăF DBTF TUVEZ DPOTJTUT PG BO FYIBVTUJWF MJTU PG
QVCMJDBUJPOT BOE UIFJS DJUBUJPOT EFBMJOH XJUI UIF UPQJD PG B QPTTJCMF /FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPO PG TPVUIFSO 4DBOEJOBWJB B IJHIMZ
DPOUSPWFSTJBM UPQJD UIBU IBT TIPXO UP CF B DIBMMFOHJOH POF UP RVBOUJGZ BOE FWBMVBUF XJUI USBEJUJPOBM NFUIPET ăF JOQVU EBUB JT B MJTU
PG QVCMJDBUJPOT BOE UIFJS DJUBUJPOT TPNF GSPN BT FBSMZ BT UIF UI BOE UI DFOUVSZ CVU NPTU GSPN UIF POTFU PG NPEFSO BDBEFNJB
JO UIF UI DFOUVSZ VQ UP QSFTFOU EBZ ăF PVUDPNF PG UIJT BOBMZTJT XJMM CF FWBMVBUFE BOE UIF WJTVBMJTBUJPO QSFTFOUFE %JĈFSFOU
WBSJBCMFT BOE XFJHIUT DBO CF BEEFE UP UIF BOBMZTJT BOE UIVT FOTVSFT UIBU HSBEFE PVUQVUT DBO CF QSPEVDFE SFMBUJWF UP UIF SFTFBSDI
RVFTUJPO JO GPDVT ăJT FYFSDJTF TIPXT IPX FWFO B IJHIMZ DPNQMFY FWPMVUJPOBSZ MJOF PG SFTFBSDI DBO CF TJNQMJTUJDBMMZ WJTVBMJTFE
XJUIPVU MPTJOH UIFJS BOBMZUJDBM BOE JOGPSNBUJWF HSBWJUZ ăF WJTVBM PVUQVU BJE UIF JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG HFOFSBM QBUUFSOT m QBUUFSOT UIBU
DBO UIFO CF NPSF BDDVSBUFMZ USBOTMBUFE BOE NFSHFE XJUI UIF JOEJWJEVBM EJTDVTTJPO BU IBOE "OE JNQPSUBOUMZ UIF DPNQJMFE EBUB DBO
CF SFVTFE TIBSFE BOE NPEJđFE UP đU EJĈFSFOU SFTFBSDI RVFTUJPO ăF FĈPSUT QSFTFOUFE JO UIJT QPTUFS XJMM IPQFGVMMZ JOTQJSF PUIFST
UP VTF OFUXPSL BOBMZTJT UP WJTVBMJTF UIFJS PXO EBUB BOE QSPNPUF BO JODSFBTJOH SFĔFDUJPO PO PVS QBTU SFTFBSDI BOE JUT DPOUFYU
3FGFSFODFT<> 8FC SFGFSFODF IUUQTHFQIJPSH MBTU BDDFTTFE <> #BTUJBO . )FZNBOO 4 +BDPNZ . (FQIJ BO PQFO TPVSDF
TPĕXBSF GPS FYQMPSJOH BOE NBOJQVMBUJOH OFUXPSLT *$84. <> #BSCFSÃO " #BUFT 4 5 $BTBNBZPS & 0 'JFSFS / 6TJOH OFUXPSL
BOBMZTJT UP FYQMPSF DPPDDVSSFODF QBUUFSOT JO TPJM NJDSPCJBM DPNNVOJUJFT ăF *4.& KPVSOBM 96
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S &YQMPSJOH IPNJOJO BOE BOJNBM JOUFSBDUJPOT JO UIF 4XBCJBO +VSB $BWF VTF BOE TVCTJTUFODF QBUUFSOT
EVSJOH UIF MBUF .JEEMF BOE FBSMZ 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD
,FJLP ,JUBHBXB1 /JDIPMBT + $POBSE2 1FUSB ,SÕOOFDL1 4VTBOOF $ .ÛO[FM1
*OTUJUVU GÛS /BUVSXJTTFOTDIBĕMJDIF "SDIÅPMPHJF &CFSIBSE,BSMT6OJWFSTJUÅU 5ÛCJOHFO p *OTUJUVU GÛS 6S VOE
'SÛIHFTDIJDIUF VOE "SDIÅPMPHJF EFT .JUUFMBMUFST 4FODLFOCFSH $FOUFS GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPO BOE 1BMFPFDPMPHZ
&CFSIBSE,BSMT6OJWFSTJUÅU 5ÛCJOHFO
ăF CJPMPHJDBM BOE DVMUVSBM FWPMVUJPO PG IPNJOJOT JT OPU BMXBZT TZODISPOPVT BOE UIF USBOTJUJPO GSPN UIF .JEEMF BOE 6QQFS 1B
MFPMJUIJD QFSJPE JT OP FYDFQUJPO ăVT UIF EJĈFSFODFT JO DVMUVSF CFIBWJPS BOE EFNPHSBQIZ CFUXFFO /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE NPEFSO
IVNBOT JO &VSBTJB SFNBJO B UPQJD PG EFCBUF ăJT TUVEZ EPDVNFOUT UIF TVCTJTUFODF QBUUFSO BOE UIF VTF PG DBWFT CZ BSDIBJD BOE NPE
FSO IVNBOT UISPVHI UIF BOBMZTJT PG GBVOBM SFNBJOT GSPN )PIMFOTUFJO4UBEFM BOE DPNQBSFT UIF BTTFNCMBHFT XJUI PUIFS TJUFT JO UIF
4XBCJBO +VSB PG TPVUIXFTUFSO (FSNBOZ 'BVOBM SFNBJOT GSPN )PIMFOTUFJO4UBEFM JOEJDBUF B NJYUVSF PG DBSOJWPSF DBWF CFBS BOE
IPNJOJO BDUJWJUJFT SFTVMUJOH JO B DPNQMFY EFQPTJUJPOBM IJTUPSZ -BSHF OVNCFST PG DBWF CFBS SFNBJOT SFTVMUFE GSPN OBUVSBM NPSUBM
JUZ EVSJOH UIF XJOUFS JOEFQFOEFOUMZ PG IPNJOJO BOE OPOVSTJE DBSOJWPSF PDDVQBUJPO 1SFZ SFNBJOT BU UIF TJUF JOEJDBUF UIBU CPUI
IPNJOJOT BOE OPOIVNBO QSFEBUPST WJTJUFE UIF DBWF %VSJOH UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD UIF DBWF TFSWFE BT B EFO GPS DBSOJWPSFT NPTUMZ
IZFOBT BOE B TJUF GPS TIPSU UFSN PDDVQBUJPO GPS /FBOEFSUIBMT EPDVNFOUFE CZ CVSOU GBVOBM NBUFSJBM BOE MJUIJD BSUJGBDUT %VSJOH
UIF "VSJHOBDJBO UIF GBVOBM SFNBJOT TIPX GFXFS TJHOBUVSFT PG DBSOJWPSFT BOE IVNBO BDUJWJUZ SFMBUFE UP TVCTJTUFODF QSBDUJDFT 4IFE
BOUMFST BO JWPSZ đHVSJOF -ÕXFONFOTDI BOE QFSTPOBM PSOBNFOUT TVHHFTU SPMF PG )PIMFOTUFJO4UBEFM BT B OPOIBCJUBUJPO TJUF
ăF DPNQBSJTPO PG TFWFSBM TJUFT JO UIF 4XBCJBO +VSB SFWFBMT SFHJPOBM QBUUFSOT PG TVHHFTU B SPMF TVCTJTUFODF CFIBWJPS BOE UIF VTF PG
DBWFT CZ BOJNBMT JODMVEJOH DBWF CFBST BOE DBSOJWPSFT )PSTF JT UIF NPTU BCVOEBOU IFSCJWPSPVT UBYPO EVSJOH UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD
BOE "VSJHOBDJBO UBSHFUFE CPUI CZ IPNJOJOT BOE DBSOJWPSFT BMJLF ăFSF JT B TJHOJđDBOU JODSFBTF JO UIF BCVOEBODF PG SFJOEFFS JO UIF
"VSJHOBDJBO SFĔFDUJOH JODSFBTFE QPQVMBUJPO PG SFJOEFFS JO UIF SFHJPO XIJDI QPTTJCMZ DPSSFTQPOET UP UIF DPPMFS DMJNBUF BU UIF CF
HJOOJOH PG UIF FBSMZ 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD $BWF CFBST EPNJOBUF JO DFSUBJO DBWF MPDBMJUJFT XIJDI EFNPOTUSBUFT UIBU UIF VTF PG TIFMUFSFE
BSFB GPS IJCFSOBUJPO EJE OPU BMUFS PWFS UJNF " EFDSFBTF PG NJEEMF BOE MBSHF TJ[FE DBSOJWPSFT QSFEPNJOBOUMZ IZFOBT BOE EBNBHF
NBEF CZ OPOIVNBO QSFEBUPST BDSPTT TJUFT JOEJDBUF UIBU UIF SPMF PG DBSOJWPSFT JO UIF BDDVNVMBUJPO PG GBVOBM NBUFSJBM EJNJOJTIFE
EVSJOH UIF "VSJHOBDJBO *OWFSTFMZ BOUISPQPHFOJD NPEJđDBUJPOT JODSFBTFE BDSPTT NPTU TJUFT DPNQBSFE UP UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD
QPJOUJOH UP HSFBUFS DPOUSJCVUJPO PG GBVOBM SFNBJOT CZ NPEFSO IVNBOT ăFSF JT FWJEFODF GPS JODSFBTFE DBWF CFBS FYQMPJUBUJPO BU
DFSUBJO MPDBMFT EVSJOH UIF "VSJHOBDJBO ăFTF USFOET SFĔFDU HSFBUFS BOUISPQPHFOJD TJHOBMT JO UIF DBWF EFQPTJUT PWFSBMM BOE BUUFTU UP
JOUFOTJđFE VTF PG TJUFT CZ NPEFSO IVNBOT DPNQBSFE UP UIF /FBOEFSUIBMT ăF TUVEZ PG GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHFT TVHHFTUT UIBU EJĈFSFODF
JO UIF TVCTJTUFODF CFIBWJPS PG /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT JT OPU QSJNBSJMZ JOĔVFODFE CZ DPHOJUJWF BCJMJUJFT BOE MJLFMZ SFĔFDUT
DIBOHFT JO UIF DMJNBUF BOE MPDBM BCVOEBODF PG QSFZ JO UIF 4XBCJBO +VSB 4JHOJđDBOU EJTUJODUJPO CFUXFFO UIF UXP IPNJOJO TQFDJFT
NBOJGFTUT OPU JO UFSNT PG QSFZ DIPJDF CVU JOTUFBE JO UIF TPDJBM BOE FDPOPNJD VTF PG DBWFT .PEFSO IVNBOT WJTJUFE UIF DBWF NPSF
GSFRVFOUMZ BOEPS VUJMJ[FE UIF TJUFT NPSF JOUFOTFMZ UIBO /FBOEFSUIBMT SFTVMUJOH JO UIF EFDSFBTF PG DBSOJWPSFT JO TIFMUFSFE TJUFT ăF
"VSJHOBDJBO QPQVMBUJPO PG UIF 4XBCJBO +VSB JT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE OPU POMZ CZ UIF QSFTFODF PG FMBCPSBUF TZNCPMJD CFIBWJPS CVU BMTP CZ
JOUFOTJđFE FYQMPJUBUJPO PG DBWFT BOE B TJHOJđDBOU JNQBDU PO UIF MPDBM QPQVMBUJPO PG QSFEBUPST
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL BMM PG UIF PSHBOJ[BUJPOT UIBU IBWF GVOEFE UIJT XPSL JODMVEJOH UIF %FVUTDIF 'PSTDIVOHTHFNFJO
TDIBĕ UIF )FJEFMCFSHFS "LBEFNJF EFS 8JTTFOTDIBĕFO UIF 6OJWFSTJUÅU 5ÛCJOHFO )FJEFMCFSHFS $FNFOU UIF 7PJUI $PSQPSBUJPO
"MC%POBV,SFJT ,SFJT )FJEFOIFJN UIF (FTFMMTDIBĕ GÛS 6SHFTDIJDIUF UIF .VTFVNTHFTFMMTDIBĕ 4DIFMLMJOHFO UIF -BOEFTBNU
GÛS %FOLNBMQĔFHF #BEFO8ÛSUUFNCFSH UIF DJUJFT PG #MBVCFVSFO BOE /JFEFSTUPU[JOHFO UIF 'ÕSEFSWFSFJO &JT[FJULVOTU JN -POFUBM
BOE UIF %FVUTDIFS "LBEFNJTDIFS "VTUBVTDIEJFOTU ,, BMTP UIBOLT ,VSU 8FISCFSHFS JO 6MNFS .VTFVN "%%
BOE %S $MBVT
+PBDIJN ,JOE GSPN %FOLNBMQĔFHF #BEFO8ÛSUUFNCFSH "%%
GPS GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP GBVOBM NBUFSJBM GSPN )PIMFOTUFJO
4UBEFM 'VSUIFS XF XPVME BMTP MJLF UP UIBOL PVS DPMMFBHFT JO *OTUJUVU GÛS /BUVSXJTTFOTDIBĕMJDIF "SDIÅPMPHJF BOE *OTUJUVU GÛS 6S
VOE 'SÛIHFTDIJDIUF VOE "SDIÅPMPHJF EFT .JUUFMBMUFST GPS UIFJS DPOUJOVBM TVQQPSU BOE IFMQ
97
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B &WBMVBUJOH QFSGPSNBODF FĈFDUT PG PDISF BOE CFFTXBY JO .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF SFTJO CBTFE DPNQPVOE
BEIFTJWFT CZ MBQ TIFBS UFTUJOH
1BVM ,P[PXZL1 (FFTLF -BOHFKBOT1,2
'BDVMUZ PG "SDIBFPMPHZ -FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ UIF /FUIFSMBOET p $FOUSF GPS "OUISPQPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
+PIBOOFTCVSH 4PVUI "GSJDB
0DISF BOE QPTTJCMZ CFFTXBY PS GBU JT BTTVNFE UP IBWF CFFO QVSQPTFGVMMZ VTFE UP QIZTJDBMMZ BMUFS UIF QFSGPSNBODF PG DPNQPVOE
BEIFTJWFT BOE JU JT UIJT VTF PG EJTQBSBUF JOHSFEJFOUT JO DPNCJOBUJWF QSPDFTTFT UIBU JT TFFO BT TPNF PG UIF CFTU FWJEFODF PG BEWBODFE
DPHOJUJPO BOE GVMMZ NPEFSO CFIBWJPVS PVUTJEF PG UIF VTF PG TZNCPMJTN < > )PXFWFS BT ZFU JU JT VODMFBS IPX FċDJFOU EJĈFSFOU
BEIFTJWF SFDJQFT BSF UP XIBU FYUFOE TQFDJđD JOHSFEJFOUT JOĔVFODF UIF QFSGPSNBODF BOE IPX EJċDVMU JU JT UP DPNCJOF JOHSFEJFOUT UP
NBYJNVN FĈFDU *O UIF TUVEZ QSFTFOUFE IFSF B TFSJFT PG MBCPSBUPSZ CBTFE MBQ TIFBS UFTUT GPMMPXJOH NPEFSO BEIFTJWF UFTUJOH TUBOEBSET
XFSF DPOEVDUFE JO PSEFS UP HBJO GVSUIFS JOTJHIU JOUP UIF FĈFDUT PG TQFDJđD JOHSFEJFOUT BOE JOHSFEJFOU SBUJPT 1SFWJPVTMZ BDUVBMJTUJD
FYQFSJNFOUT DPOEVDUFE JO 4PVUI "GSJDB VTFE BDBDJB HVN <> IPXFWFS UIF POMZ DIFNJDBMMZ JEFOUJđFE .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF BEIFTJWF GPS
UIJT SFHJPO JT PG B DPOJGFS SFTJO <> UIF DIFNJDBM BOE QIZTJDBM QSPQFSUJFT PG XIJDI DBO CF TJHOJđDBOUMZ EJĈFSFOU ăFSFGPSF XF UFTUFE
B TFMFDUJPO PG BEIFTJWF NJYUVSFT NBEF GSPN QJOF SFTJO UIBU DPOUBJOFE EJĈFSFOU QPSUJPOT PG PDISF BT B MPBEJOH BHFOU BOE CFFTXBY
BT B QMBTUJDJTFS -BQ TIFBS UFTUT BSF FNQMPZFE JO BFSPTQBDF BOE BVUPNPUJWF JOEVTUSJFT GPS DPNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTFT PG NPEFSO BEIFTJWFT
*O UIJT TUVEZ XF VTFE UIF NBYJNVN GPSDF EJTQMBDFNFOU BOE GSBDUVSF UZQF PG TJOHMF MBQ KPJOUT UP EFUFSNJOF UIF PQUJNVN BEIFTJWF
NJYUVSF BOE DIBOHFT DBVTFE CZ SFDJQF WBSJBUJPOT 3FTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU UIFSF BSF TJHOJđDBOU DIBOHFT JO QFSGPSNBODF EVF UP SFMBUJWFMZ
TNBMM DIBOHFT JO JOHSFEJFOU SBUJPT BOE DSFBUJOH UIF CFTU QSFGPSNJOH BEIFTJWF JT B QSFDJTJPO KPC *O BEEJUJPO XF GPVOE DPOTJEFSBCMF
QFSGPSNBODF WBSJBUJPO XJUIJO POF SFDJQF UIVT MFOEJOH GVSUIFS TVQQPSU UP UIF OPUJPO UIBU IJHI MFWFMT PG TLJMM BOE LOPXMFEHF XPVME
CF SFRVJSFE UP DPOTJTUFOUMZ QSPEVDF UIF NPTU FĈFDUJWF BEIFTJWFT .PEFSO TUBOEBSEJ[FE UFTUT IBWF BMTP QSPWFO UP CF B GBTU BOE BD
DVSBUF NFUIPE PG DPNQBSJOH QSFIJTUPSJD BEIFTJWFT BOE IBWF TIPXO QPUFOUJBM TDPQF GPS QFSGPSNBODF UFTUJOH JO EJĈFSFOU TJNVMBUFE
FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOEJUJPOT BOE PG EJĈFSFOU IBĕ UZQFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL %S )BOT 1PVMJT BOE UIF %FMĕ "FSPTQBDF 4USVDUVSFT BOE .BUFSJBMT -BCPSBUPSZ BU %FMĕ 6OJWFSTJUZ
PG 5FDIOPMPHZ BOE 1SPG "OOFMPV WBO (JKO BOE UIF "SUFGBDU 4UVEJFT -BCPSBUPSZ BU -FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ GPS UIFJS BEWJDF BOE HFOFSPVT
VTF PG MBC TQBDF ăJT QSPKFDU JT TQPOTPSFE CZ /FUIFSMBOET 0SHBOJTBUJPO GPS 4DJFOUJđD 3FTFBSDI /80
UISPVHI B 7FOJ HSBOU
3FGFSFODFT<> 8BEMFZ - $PNQPVOEBEIFTJWF NBOVGBDUVSF BT B CFIBWJPSBM QSPYZ GPS DPNQMFY DPHOJUJPO JO UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF $VSS
"OUISPQPM 4VQQM 44 <> 8BEMFZ - )PEHTLJTT 5 (SBOU . *NQMJDBUJPOT GPS DPNQMFY DPHOJUJPO GSPN UIF IBĕJOH PG UPPMT XJUI
DPNQPVOE BEIFTJWFT JO UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF 4PVUI "GSJDB 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ <> 8BEMFZ - 1VUUJOH PDISF UP UIF UFTU
SFQMJDBUJPO TUVEJFT PG BEIFTJWFT UIBU NBZ IBWF CFFO VTFE GPS IBĕJOH UPPMT JO UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF + )VN &WPM <> $IBSSJÊ%VIBVU "
1PSSB[ ( $BSUXSJHIU $3 *HSFKB . $POOBO + 1PHHFOQPFM $ 5FYJFS 15 'JSTU NPMFDVMBS JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG B IBĕJOH BEIFTJWF JO UIF -BUF
)PXJFTPOT 1PPSU BU %JFQLMPPG 3PDL 4IFMUFS 8FTUFSO $BQF 4PVUI "GSJDB
+ "SDIBFPM 4DJ 98
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 7BSJBUJPO PG % PVUFS BOE JOOFS DSPXO NPSQIPMPHZ PG MPXFS QSFNPMBST JO NPEFSO IVNBOT
7JLUPSJB " ,SFOO1 $JO[JB 'PSOBJ1 (FSIBSE 8 8FCFS1,2
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7JFOOB "VTUSJB p $PSF 'BDJMJUZ GPS .JDSP$PNQVUFE 5PNPHSBQIZ 6OJWFSTJUZ
PG 7JFOOB "VTUSJB
%FOUBM NPSQIPMPHZ QMBZT BO JNQPSUBOU SPMF JO UIF UBYPOPNJD BTTFTTNFOU PG IPNJOJO GPTTJM TQFDJNFOT *O TQJUF PG UIF GBDU UIBU NPE
FSO IVNBOT BSF PĕFO VTFE BT DPNQBSBUJWF TBNQMF B DPNQSFIFOTJWF BTTFTTNFOU PG % EFOUBM NPSQIPMPHZ GPS NPEFSO QPQVMBUJPOT
IBT OPU CFFO BDIJFWFE ăF 0VUFS&OBNFM4VSGBDF 0&4
JT USBEJUJPOBMMZ JOWFTUJHBUFE VTJOH MJOFBS NFBTVSFNFOUT FH #- .%
EJBNFUFS DSPXO IFJHIU
BMPOHTJEF RVBMJUBUJWF EFTDSJQUJPOT PS BOBMZTFT CBTFE PO % JNBHFT XIJDI BMMPX POMZ MJNJUFE TUBUFNFOUT
BCPVU TQBUJBM QSPQFSUJFT ăF VOEFSMZJOH &OBNFM%FOUJO+VODUJPO &%+
IBT OPU CFFO DPOTJEFSFE ZFU JO NBOZ TUVEJFT /FWFSUIF
MFTT UIF JNQPSUBODF PG EFTUSVDUJPO GSFF NJDSP$5 TDBOOJOH JT JODSFBTJOHMZ SFDPHOJ[FE 8JUI JNQSPWFE JNBHJOH UFDIOJRVFT BOE UIF
JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT JU JT OPX QPTTJCMF UP DBQUVSF UIF XIPMF HFPNFUSZ PG CPUI JOOFS BOE PVUFS EFOUBM
TVSGBDFT )PXFWFS UP PVS LOPXMFEHF TVDI B TUVEZ IBT OPU ZFU CFFO QVCMJTIFE PO MPXFS QSFNPMBST 8F BQQMJFE HFPNFUSJD NPS
QIPNFUSJD UFDIOJRVFT PO % TVSGBDF NPEFMT GSPN NJDSP$5 EBUBTFUT JO PSEFS UP JOWFTUJHBUF UIF NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO PG MPXFS
QSFNPMBST JO B HFPHSBQIJDBMMZ EJWFSTF TBNQMF PG SFDFOU NPEFSO IVNBOT 0VS BJN JT UP QSPWJEF B NPSQIPMPHJDBM BTTFTTNFOU PG CPUI
UIF 0&4 BOE &%+ XIJDI NJHIU BMTP TFSWF UIF QVSQPTFT PG GVSUIFS DPNQBSBUJWF TUVEJFT ăF TBNQMF DPNQSJTFT JOEJWJEVBMT FBDI
SFQSFTFOUFE CZ 1 BOE 1 JODMVEJOH "GSJDBOT "VTUSBMBTJBOT "WBST UI DFOUVSZ XBSSJPS OPNBET XJUI "TJBO PSJHJOT
BOE $FOUSBM
&VSPQFBOT ăF MPXFS 1T BOE 1T XFSF TDBOOFE BU UIF 7JFOOB .JDSP$5 -BC WPYFM TJ[F N
ăSFFEJNFOTJPOBM TVSGBDF
NPEFMT PG 0&4T BOE &%+T XFSF DSFBUFE DPOUBJOJOH GPVS SFBM MBOENBSLT DVTQT BOE GPTTBF
BOE DVSWF TFNJMBOENBSLT BMPOH UIF
PDDMVTBM SJEHF ăF TFUT PG % MBOENBSLT XFSF DPOWFSUFE JOUP 1SPDSVTUFT TIBQF DPPSEJOBUFT BOE TVCTFRVFOUMZ BOBMZTFE VTJOH 1SJODJ
QBM $PNQPOFOU "OBMZTJT 1$"
'VSUIFSNPSF XF DBSSJFE PVU B RVBMJUBUJWF BTTFTTNFOU PG TPNF EJTDSFUF USBJUT FH USBOTWFSTBM DSFTU
BDDFTTPSZ DVTQT
0VS đOEJOHT TIPX TJHOJđDBOU TIBQF DIBOHFT QSJNBSJMZ JO UIF NFTJBM BOE MJOHVBM QBSU PG CPUI UZQFT PG QSFNPMBST
ăJT JT EVF UP BO FYUFOTJWF WBSJBCJMJUZ SFHBSEJOH UIF OVNCFS BOE QPTJUJPO PG MJOHVBM DVTQT UISPVHIPVU UIF XIPMF TBNQMF PCTFSWBCMF
PO 0&4 BOE NPSF FWJEFOUMZ PO &%+ "EEJUJPOBMMZ PVS đOEJOHT PO &%+ TVHHFTU UIBU 1T EFWPJE B MJOHVBM DVTQ NPSF GSFRVFOUMZ
UIBO TUBUFE JO UIF DVSSFOU MJUFSBUVSF (FOFSBMMZ &%+ TFFNT UP SFWFBM DFSUBJO DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT XJUI NPSF DPOđEFODF UIBO 0&4 8F
BMTP SFDPHOJ[F TUSJLJOH WBSJBCJMJUZ DPODFSOJOH UIF USBOTWFSTF DSFTU JODMVEJOH BMM QPTTJCMF WBSJBOUT GSPN TJOHMF UP EPVCMF QSPNJOFOU UP
TIBMMPX BOE UIF GSFRVFOU BQQFBSBODF PG BDDFTTPSZ DSFTUT "T DPNQBSFE UP 1T 1T BSF FWFO NPSF WBSJBCMF 1$" TIPXT B TVSQSJTJOHMZ
MBSHF PWFSMBQ CFUXFFO UIF HFPHSBQIJDBMMZ EJWFSTF QPQVMBUJPOT XIJDI JODMVEF IVOUFSHBUIFSFST OPNBET BOE BHSJDVMUVSBMJTUT CPUI GPS
1T BOE 1T JO TIBQF BOE GPSN TQBDF 0VS đSTU SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU B EJTUJODUJPO PG QPQVMBUJPOT CBTFE PO TIBQF BOE GPSN PG MPXFS
QSFNPMBST NJHIU CF DIBMMFOHJOH EVF UP UIF WFSZ IJHI JOUSBHSPVQ WBSJBUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL .BSUJO %PDLOFS 7JFOOB .JDSP$5 -BC
GPS UFDIOJDBM TVQQPSU (FSMJOEF (SVCFS .FEJDBM 6OJ
WFSTJUZ 7JFOOB
BOE &EVBSE 8JOUFS /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN 7JFOOB
GPS BDDFTT UP NBUFSJBM BOE ,BUBSJOB .BUJBTFL GPS CBDL
HSPVOE JOGPSNBUJPO PO DPMMFDUJPOT
99
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă 'BDJBM (SPXUI 3FNPEFMJOH JO .JEEMF1MFJTUPDFOF )PNP
3PESJHP -BDSV[1 5JN #SPNBHF1 1BVM 0)JHHJOT2 +PIBOOB 8BSTIBX1 +PTF .BSJB #FSNVEF[ EF $BTUSP3 .BSJB .BSUJOPO
5PSSFT 3 *HOBDJP .BSUJOF[4 "OB (SBDJB4 +VBO -VJT "STVBHB4
/FX :PSL 6OJWFSTJUZ p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG :PSL p $&/*&) p 6OJWFSTJEBE $PNQMVUFOTF EF .BESJE*OTUJUVUP EF 4BMVE
$BSMPT ***
'BDJBM CPOF HSPXUI SFNPEFMJOH JT B LFZ EFWFMPQNFOUBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJD UIBU JNQBDUT BEVMU GBDJBM QIFOPUZQFT UISPVHI UIF DPNCJOFE
BDUJWJUJFT PG CPOF EFQPTJUJPO BOE CPOF SFTPSQUJPO ăFTF BDUJWJUJFT BSF CFTU DIBSBDUFSJ[FE JO TVCBEVMU JOEJWJEVBMT CFDBVTF BT CPOFT
JODSFBTF JO TJ[F EVSJOH HSPXUI SFNPEFMJOH BEKVTUNFOUT BSF SFRVJSFE UP NBJOUBJO TIBQF BOE PWFSBMM QSPQPSUJPOT PG UIF GBDJBM TLFMFUPO
)FSF XF JOWFTUJHBUF UIF FWPMVUJPO PG GBDJBM HSPXUI SFNPEFMJOH QBUUFSOT JO GPTTJM )PNP .PSQIPMPHJDBM EFTDSJQUJPOT PG UIF TQFDJFT
) BOUFDFTTPS IBWF FNQIBTJ[FE UIF EJTUJODU NJEGBDJBM BOBUPNZ PG UIF TQFDJNFO "5% XIJDI XBT TBJE UP SFQSFTFOU UIF FBSMJ
FTU SFDPSEFE TBNQMF PG NPEFSO NJEGBDJBM BSDIJUFDUVSF EJTUJODU GSPN NPSF QSJNJUJWF TQFDJFT TVDI BT ) FSFDUVTFSHBTUFS "5%
IBT BMTP CFFO MJOLFE UP UIF PSJHJOT PG /FBOEFSUIBMT "O JNQPSUBOU IZQPEJHN XIPTF FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ IBT CFFO BTTPDJBUFE XJUI
) BOUFDFTTPS BOE /FBOEFSUIBMT JT SFQSFTFOUFE CZ UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO TBNQMF GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT 4)
4QBJO
5P CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOE UIF FWPMVUJPO PG 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO MJOFBHFT BOE POUPHFOFUJD EJĈFSFODFT SFMBUJWF UP NPEFSO IVNBOT XF
NBQQFE GBDJBM HSPXUI SFNPEFMJOH CPOF EFQPTJUJPO WT CPOF SFTPSQUJPO
JO UIF ) FSFDUVTFSHBTUFS TQFDJNFO ,/.85 JO
"5% BOE JO B TBNQMF PG GPVS 4) TVCBEVMUT 3FTVMUT TIPX UIBU CPOF SFTPSQUJPO EPNJOBUFE PWFS UIF OBTPNBYJMMBSZ DPNQMFY
PG "5% BT JO ) TBQJFOT CVU EJĈFSFE GSPN ,/.85 BOE UIF 4) IPNJOJOT XIFSF CPOF EFQPTJUJPO XBT GPVOE UP
EPNJOBUF HSPXUI 3FTPSQUJPO PO UIF MPXFS GBDF PG "5% JT JO LFFQJOH XJUI TPNF PG JUT NPEFSO IVNBOMJLF BOBUPNZ 'PS UIF
4) IPNJOJOT CPOF EFQPTJUJPO BQQFBST UP CF BO JNQPSUBOU FĈFDUPS PG UIFJS LFZ EJTUJODUJWF NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT TPNF PG
XIJDI IBWF CFFO OPUFE UP CF TIBSFE XJUI /FBOEFSUIBMT JF UIF EFHSFF PG NJEGBDJBM QSPHOBUIJTN FYQBOEFE NBYJMMBSZ TJOVTFT MBSHF
JOGSBPSCJUBM QMBUFT
0VS đOEJOHT QSPWJEF B CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG EFWFMPQNFOUBM EJĈFSFODFT BNPOH 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT BOE
NPEFSO IVNBOT
100
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S 1BMBFPDMJNBUJD EBUB GSPN -BLF 5BOB &UIJPQJB TVQQPSU BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO IVNBO EJTQFSTBM GSPN
"GSJDB BU m LB
)FOSZ -BNC1 .BUU (SPWF2 3JDIBSE #BUFT3 4BSBI %BWJFT1 %FJ )VXT4 .JDIBFM .BSTIBMM 1 )FMFO 3PCFSUT1
"CFSZTUXZUI 6OJWFSTJUZ p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JWFSQPPM p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4U "OESFXT p #BOHPS 6OJWFSTJUZ
6OEFSTUBOEJOH UIF SPMF PG DMJNBUJD DIBOHF JO UIF FNFSHFODF PG BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO IVNBOT JO FBTUFSO "GSJDB BOE UIFJS TVCTFRVFOU
SBOHF FYQBOTJPO IBT CFFO IBNQFSFE CZ UIF QBVDJUZ PG DPOUJOFOUBM QBMBFPDMJNBUJD SFDPSET GSPN UIF SFHJPO )FSF XF VTF B XFMMEBUFE
OFBSDPOUJOVPVT IJHISFTPMVUJPO TFJTNJD BOE MBLFTFEJNFOU SFDPSE PG DMJNBUJD DIBOHF GPS UIF MBTU ZFBST GSPN -BLF 5BOB JO
UIF &UIJPQJBO IJHIMBOET UP UFTU B NPEFM PG IPNJOJO EJTQFSTBM SPPUFE JO UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ CJPMPHZ PG ĔVDUVBUJOH FOWJSPONFOUT -BLF
5BOB UIF TPVSDF PG UIF #MVF /JMF JT CPUI DMPTF UP UIF QPTUVMBUFE BSFB PG IVNBO FNFSHFODF JO UIF "GBS BOE TPVUIFSO &UIJPQJBO 3Jĕ
BOE UP UIF MJLFMZ AOPSUIFSO BOE ATPVUIFSO EJTQFSTBM SPVUFT GSPN "GSJDB $ISPOPMPHZ PG UIF NMPOH DPSF JT CBTFE PO QPTU*3 *34BHFT PO PO γN QPMZNJOFSBM đOF HSBJOT 93' HFPDIFNJDBM EBUB BSF JOUFSQSFUFE BT QSPYJFT GPS NPJTUVSF WBSJBCJMJUZ DBUDINFOU
FSPTJPO BOE NJOFSBM XFBUIFSJOH ăF 5BOB SFDPSE TIPXT NBSLFE TUBCJMJUZ BOE B NPJTU DMJNBUF EVSJOH UIF MBTU JOUFSHMBDJBM DPOUSBTUJOH
XJUI TUSPOH WBSJBCJMJUZ JO QSJPS BOE TVCTFRVFOU JOUFSWBMT ăF "DDVNVMBUFE 1MBTUJDJUZ )ZQPUIFTJT QSFEJDUT UIBU QPQVMBUJPO EJTQFS
TBM JT MJLFMZ UP IBWF PDDVSSFE JO TUBCMF DMJNBUJD QIBTFT GPMMPXJOH JOUFSWBMT PG TUSPOH DMJNBUJD WBSJBCJMJUZ BOE UIBU EJTQFSTBM QPUFOUJBM
XJMM CF HSFBUFTU XIFO USBOTJUJPOT CFUXFFO IJHI BOE MPX WBSJBCJMJUZ QIBTFT BSF BCSVQU ăF XFMMEBUFE 5BOB TFRVFODF PG HFPDIFNJ
DBM QSPYZDMJNBUJD EBUB NBUDIFT UIFTF DPOEJUJPOT XJUI BO BCSVQU DIBOHF GSPN WBSJBCMF UP NBSLFEMZ TUBCMF XFU DMJNBUF BU ZFBST BHP TVHHFTUJOH B MJLFMZ EJTQFSTBM QIBTF MBTUJOH VOUJM ZFBST BHP ăF EBUJOH PG UIJT EJTQFSTBM QIBTF JT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI FBSMZ
)PNP TBQJFOT EJTQFSTBM JOUP UIF -FWBOU BOE BDDPSET XFMM XJUI TPNF EBUFT GPS UIF ATPVUIFSO SPVUF PVU PG "GSJDB "MUIPVHI UIF EBUFT
PG UIF -BLF 5BOB EJTQFSTBM QIBTF BSF XFMM DPOTUSBJOFE UIF EBUFT PG PDDVQBUJPO BU UIF -FWBOUJOF TJUFT BSF MFTT TP GVSUIFS UFTUJOH PG
UIF IZQPUIFTJT JT SFRVJSFE
101
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B +BXT .PSQIPMPHJDBM &WJEFODF GSPN UIF 4PVUI "GSJDBO "VTUSBMPQJUIT PO UIF &WPMVUJPO UIF )PNJOJO
.PVUI
+VMJF -BXSFODF1
-$)&4 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF
+BX NPSQIPMPHZ JT PG DSJUJDBM JNQPSUBODF UP IPNJOJO FWPMVUJPO .BYJMMBSZ BOE NBOEJCVMBS FMFNFOUT BSF UIF NPTU OVNFSPVT JO UIF
GPTTJM SFDPSE BOE QSPWJEF B XFBMUI PG JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU UIF JOEJWJEVBM BOE UIFJS UBYPO <> <> <> ăF KBXT PG UIF FBSMJFTU VODPO
UFTUFE CJQFET UIF BVTUSBMPQJUIT IBWF MPOH CFFO FRVBUFE UP UIF iQBSBCPMJDu IPNJOJO TIBQF XIJDI JT DPOUSBTUFE BHBJOTU UIF 6TIBQF
PG UIF HSFBU BQFT <> #VU XIBU DSFBUFT UIJT NPVUI TIBQF BOE XIBU EPFT JU NFBO GPS UIF GVODUJPOJOH PG UIJT BOBUPNJDBM VOJU ăJT
TUVEZ UBLFT B IPMJTUJD BQQSPBDI UP VOEFSTUBOEJOH UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF FOUJSF PSBM DBWJUZ DPOTJEFSFE JO MJHIU PG UIF DPSSFMBUJPOT CF
UXFFO JOEJWJEVBM BOBUPNJDBM FMFNFOUT BOE PWFSBMM NPVUI TIBQF )FSF XF VTF B DPNCJOBUJPO PG MJOFBS BOE % EBUB GSPN IPNPMPHPVT
BOBUPNJDBM MBOENBSLT PG XIJDI SFQSFTFOU UIF VQQFS NPVUI BOE PG XIJDI BSF NBOEJCVMBS UP JEFOUJGZ QBUUFSOT PG NPSQIP
MPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO JO UIF BVTUSBMPQJUI NPVUI "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT BĚJDBOVT BOE "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT SPCVTUVT TQFDJNFOT BSF DPNQBSFE
BHBJOTU BEVMU HPSJMMB / GFNBMF NBMF
DIJNQBO[FF / GFNBMF NBMF
BOE IVNBO / GFNBMF NBMF
TLVMMT *OUFSHFOVT BOE JOUSBHFOVT WBSJBUJPO JT FYQMPSFE WJB QSJODJQBM DPNQPOFOUT BOBMZTJT 1$"
BOE NVMUJWBSJBUF SFHSFTTJPO ăF
NBJO SFTVMUT GSPN UIF 1$" SVO PO NBYJMMBSZ BOE NBOEJCVMBS MJOFBS NFBTVSFNFOUT TIPX UIBU UIF BVTUSBMPQJUI WBSJBUJPO JT TFQ
BSBUF GSPN BOE MJFT CFUXFFO UIF IVNBO BOE HSFBU BQFT SBOHFT ăF SPCVTU BOE HSBDJMF BVTUSBMPQJUI SBOHFT PWFSMBQ PO 1$ XIJDI
FYQMBJOT PG UIF WBSJBUJPO CVU TFQBSBUF PO 1$ XIJDI BDDPVOUT GPS B GVSUIFS PG UIF WBSJBUJPO " MBSHF QSPQPSUJPO PG UIFTF
1$ EJĈFSFODFT BSF MJOLFE UP UIF SFMBUJWF BOE BCTPMVUF EJNFOTJPOT PG UIF BOUFSJPS UFFUI "OBMZTJT PG UIF % TIBQFT GSPN UIF NPSF
DPNQMFUF BOBUPNJDBM FMFNFOUT TVDI BT UIF UPPUI SPXT BMTP TIPX UIF DMFBS EJTUJODUJPO CFUXFFO UIF BVTUSBMPQJUI NPSQIPMPHZ BOE UIF
FYUBOU HFOFSB 'PMMPXJOH B QSPDSVTUFT TVQFSJNQPTJUJPO PG UIF NBYJMMBSZ UPPUI SPX BVTUSBMPQJUIT / NBSLFEMZ TFQBSBUF GSPN
CPUI IVNBOT BOE BQFT PO 1$ BOE 1$ 5P FYQMPSF UIF QPUFOUJBM BMMPNFUSJD JOĔVFODF DFOUSPJE TJ[F XBT SFHSFTTFE
BHBJOTU UIF 1$ TDPSFT 1$ JT IJHIMZ DPSSFMBUFE S ' Q
XJUI TJ[F CBTFE PO DFOUSPJE TJ[F
CVU 1$ JT
POMZ XFBLMZ DPSSFMBUFE S ' Q
1$ TIBQF EJĈFSFODFT BSF EPNJOBUFE CZ UIF DIBOHFT JO UIF EJBTUFNB
BOE SFMBUJWF QSPQPSUJPOT PG UIF BOUFSJPS BOE QPTUFSJPS UPPUI SPX 3PCVTU BVTUSBMPQJUIT BSF TJUVBUFE BU UIF NPTU QPTJUJWF FYUSFNF
PG 1$ XJUI OP EJBTUFNBUB WFSZ TNBMM BOUFSJPS EFOUJUJPO BOE WFSZ MBSHF QPTUFSJPS EFOUJUJPO ăF HSBDJMF BVTUSBMPQJUIT TIPX B MFTT
FYUSFNF WFSTJPO PG UIJT NPSQIPMPHZ XJUI SFMBUJWFMZ MBSHFS BOUFSJPS UFFUI ăF TUSPOH GPDVT PO UIF iNFHBEPOUJDu BVTUSBMPQJUIFDJOF
NPSQIPMPHZ JO QSFWJPVT SFTFBSDI NBZ IBWF PWFSTIBEPXFE UIF JNQPSUBODF PG UIF BOUFSJPS UPPUI QBUUFSOT TFFO IFSF ăFZ BSF IJHIMZ
DPSSFMBUFE XJUI PUIFS BOBUPNJDBM FMFNFOUT BOE UIF PWFSBMM NPVUI TIBQF 1$ TFQBSBUFT IVNBOT GSPN BVTUSBMPQJUIT BOE BQFT XJUI
IVNBOT IBWJOH B OPUJDFBCMZ NPSF DPOWFY NPMBS UPPUI SPX ăF FWFO EJTUSJCVUJPO PG SPCVTU BOE HSBDJMF BVTUSBMPQJUIT BDSPTT 1$ TVQ
QPSUT UIF JEFB UIBU UIFJS NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJĈFSFODFT DBOOPU TJNQMZ CF FYQMBJOFE CZ BMMPNFUSZ <> ăJT SFTFBSDI FMVEJDBUFT VQPO UIF
VOJRVF NPTBJD PG BOBUPNJDBM GFBUVSFT UIBU DPOTUJUVUF UIF 4PVUI "GSJDBO BVTUSBMPQJUI NPVUI *U JT GBS NPSF UIBO B NFSF DPNCJOBUJPO
PG iIVNBOMJLFu BOE iBQFMJLFu GFBUVSFT 4QFDJđDBMMZ UIF QSFTFODF PG EJTUJODUJWF GFBUVSFT UIBU XPVME OPU CF QSFEJDUFE GSPN FYUBOU
NPSQIPMPHJDBM QBUUFSOT GFBUVSFT TVDI BT JO UIF BOUFSJPS UFFUI NBZ TIFE NPSF MJHIU PO BVTUSBMPQJUI CFIBWJPVS JF GFFEJOH BOE UIF
VTF PG FYUSBPSBM QSPDFTTJOH
4VDI JOTJHIUT XJMM IBWF FYUFOTJWF JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS GVODUJPOBM NPSQIPMPHZ BOE IPNJOJO FWPMVUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT "DDFTT UP DPMMFDUJPOT %S #FSOIBSE ;JQGFM BOE 1SPGFTTPS 'SBODJT ăBDLFSBZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8JUTXBUFSBOE
4UFQIBOZ 1PU[F %JUTPOH /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .BUUIFX -PXF BOE %S 3PCFSU "TIFS $BNCSJEHF .VTFVN PG
;PPMPHZ 3PCFSUP 1PSUFMB .JHVF[ /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO %S -BIS BOE .BHHJF #FMMBUUJ UIF %VDLXPSUI $PMMFDUJPO
'VOEJOH 8FMMDPNF 5SVTU "MMBO BOE /FTUB 'FSHVTPO $IBSJUBCMF 5SVTU $IVSDI 5FOFNFOUT $IBSJUZ +FTVT $PMMFHF #SJUJTI 'VOE GPS
8PNFO (SBEVBUFT ăF $VUMFST $PNQBOZ $IBSJUBCMF 5SVTU "DBEFNJD TVQQPSU %S .BSUB .JSB[ϊO -BIS %S "VSÊMJFO .PVOJFS
BOE 1SPGFTTPS 3PCFSU 'PMFZ
3FGFSFODFT<> 3PCJOTPO + ăF EFOUJUJPO PG UIF "VTUSBMPQJUIFDJOBF 5SBOWBBMT .VTFVN .FNPJS <> 3BL : ăF
"VTUSBMPQJUIFDJOF 'BDF "DBEFNJD 1SFTT /FX :PSL <> 4DIXBSU[ + 5BUUFSTBMM * ăF )VNBO 'PTTJM 3FDPSE $SBOJPEFOUBM NPSQIPMPHZ PG FBSMZ
IPNJOJET HFOFSB "VTUSBMPQUIJDVT 1BSBOUISPQVT 0SSPSJO
BOE PWFSWJFX +PIO 8JMFZ 4POT /FX +FSTFZ <> -F (SPT $MBSL 8 A"QF .FO PG 4PVUI
"GSJDB "OUJRVJUZ <> 8PPE # 4UBDL $ %PFT "MMPNFUSZ &YQMBJO UIF %JĈFSFODFT #FUXFFO i(SBDJMFu BOE i3PCVTUu
"VTUSBMPQJUIFDJOFT "NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ 102
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă "HFBU%FBUI BOE %FOUBM %FWFMPQNFOUBM 1BUUFSO PG UIF "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB +VWFOJMF .)
%FUFSNJOFE GSPN 4ZODISPUSPO 7JSUVBM 1BMFPIJTUPMPHZ
"EFMJOF -F $BCFD1,2,3 1BVM 5BĈPSFBV1 5BOZB . 4NJUI2 ,SJTUJBO $BSMTPO4,5 -FF #FSHFS4
#FBNMJOF *% &43' (SFOPCMF 'SBODF p %QU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ #JPMPHZ )BSWBSE 6OJWFSTJUZ $BNCSJEHF 64" p %QU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT
*OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE +PIBOOFTCVSH 4PVUI "GSJDB p %QU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ *OEJBOB 6OJWFSTJUZ
#MPPNJOHUPO */ 64"
ăF SFDFOU EJTDPWFSZ PG UIF "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB QBSUJBM KVWFOJMF TLFMFUPO .) <>
IBT ZJFMEFE BO JNQPSUBOU TPVSDF PG JOGPSNB
UJPO GPS FYQMPSJOH UIF SBEJBUJPO PG 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT *OJUJBM BTTFTTNFOU PG EFOUBM FSVQUJPO BOE FQJQIZTFBM GVTJPO TVHHFTUFE UIBU
.) EJFE BU ZFBST PG BHF JG JU IBE GPMMPXFE NPEFSO IVNBO EFWFMPQNFOUBM QBUUFSOT 0WFS UIF QBTU EFDBEF UIF JODSFBTFE VTF
PG TZODISPUSPO JNBHJOH FTQFDJBMMZ BU UIF &43' <> IBT PĈFSFE OFX BQQSPBDIFT GPS BEESFTTJOH UIF TUVEZ PG EFOUBM EFWFMPQNFOU
BOE NJDSPTUSVDUVSF PG FYDFQUJPOBMMZ XFMMQSFTFSWFE BOE QSFDJPVT GPTTJM IPNJOJOT )FSF XF VTF QSPQBHBUJPO QIBTF DPOUSBTU 9SBZ
TZODISPUSPO NJDSPUPNPHSBQIZ UP OPOEFTUSVDUJWFMZ JOWFTUJHBUF UIF EFOUBM NJDSPTUSVDUVSF BOE DBMDJđDBUJPO TUBHFT PG UIF QSFTFSWFE
.) QFSNBOFOU UFFUI 7JSUVBM IJTUPMPHJDBM TMJDFT BOE % SFOEFSJOHT PG UIF PVUFS BOE JOOFS EFOUBM TVSGBDFT XFSF DPNCJOFE UP BT
TFTT UIF MPOHQFSJPE MJOF QFSJPEJDJUZ MPOHQFSJPE MJOF OVNCFST DVTQBM FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT DSPXO GPSNBUJPO UJNFT BOE DBMDJđDBUJPO
TUBHFT %FTQJUF UIF BEWBODFE TUBHF PG đSTU NPMBS XFBS XF BTTVNFE UIBU JU JOJUJBUFE BU CJSUI BOE TVCTFRVFOU TUSFTT FWFOUT XFSF VTFE
UP NBUDI UFFUI BOE UP FTUJNBUF UIF BHF BU EFBUI ăF MPOHQFSJPE MJOF QFSJPEJDJUZ JT EBZT XIJDI JT TJNJMBS UP PUIFS IPNJOJO WBM
VFT "EEJUJPOBM EFWFMPQNFOUBM DPNQBSJTPOT XJUI BVTUSBMPQJUIT PS FBSMZ )PNP BSF MJNJUFE EVF UP UIF MBDL PG BWBJMBCMF IJTUPMPHJDBM
JOGPSNBUJPO ăJSE NPMBS DBMDJđDBUJPO JT QBSUJDVMBSMZ BEWBODFE SFMBUJWF UP NPEFSO IVNBO TUBOEBSET XIJDI XPVME TVHHFTU BO BHF PG
ZFBST 3FTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU .) EJFE BU B ZPVOHFS BHF UIBO TVHHFTUFE CZ NPEFSO IVNBO FSVQUJPO PS DBMDJđDBUJPO TUBO
EBSET ăJT SBQJE EFWFMPQNFOUBM QBUUFSO JT TJNJMBS UP PUIFS 1MJPDFOF BOE 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJOT JODMVEJOH FBSMZ )PNP ăF TUVEZ
SFBDIFE B MFWFM PG EFUBJM BMMPXJOH GPS CVJMEJOH B EFWFMPQNFOUBM DIBSU TIPXJOH UIF SFMBUJWF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF DSPXO JOJUJBUJPO DVTQBM
BOE MBUFSBM
BOE PG UIF SPPUT PG UIF QFSNBOFOU UFFUI PG .) ăFTF đOEJOHT XJMM BMTP BMMPX NPSF OVBODFE TUVEJFT PG UIF BTTPDJBUFE
DSBOJBM BOE QPTUDSBOJBM NBUFSJBM BT UIFZ BSF JOEFQFOEFOU PG MJWJOH BQF BOE IVNBO EFWFMPQNFOUBM TUBOEBSET
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM UP UIF FYDBWBUJPO UFBN BU UIF .BMBQB TJUF UIF /BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI 'PVOEBUJPO PG 4PVUI "GSJDB
UIF /BUJPOBM (FPHSBQIJD 4PDJFUZ UIF (BVUFOH 1SPWJODJBM (PWFSONFOU UIF $SBEMF PG )VNBOLJOE .BOBHFNFOU "VUIPSJUZ UIF
%FQBSUNFOU PG 4DJFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ UIF /BTI 'BNJMZ 5SVTU BOE .BMBQB /BUVSF 3FTFSWF UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE
UIF &43' *% BOE *% TUBĈ BOE UIF /BUJPOBM 4DJFODF 'PVOEBUJPO 64"
'VOEJOH /4' (SBOU / #$4 )BSWBSE
6OJWFSTJUZ &43' (SBOU / &$ UIF 3BEDMJĈF *OTUJUVUF GPS "EWBODF 4UVEZ 8FOOFS(SFO )VOU 'FMMPXTIJQ UIF %QU PG )VNBO
&WPMVUJPO BU UIF .1*&7" BOE UIF /BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI 'PVOEBUJPO PG 4PVUI "GSJDB
3FGFSFODFT<> #FSHFS -3 EF 3VJUFS %+ $IVSDIJMM 4& 4DINJE 1 $BSMTPO ,+ %JSLT 1),JCJJ +. "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB " OFX TQFDJFT
PG )PNPMJLF BVTUSBMPQJUI GSPN 4PVUI "GSJDB 4DJFODF <> 4NJUI 5. 5BĈPSFBV 1 3FJE %+ 1PVFDI + -B[[BSJ 7 ;FSNFOP +1
(VBUFMMJ4UFJOCFSH % 0MFKOJD[BL "+ )PĈNBO " 3BEPWʃJʂ + .BLBSFNJ . 5PVTTBJOU . 4USJOHFS $ )VCMJO ++ %FOUBM FWJEFODF GPS
POUPHFOFUJD EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO NPEFSO IVNBOT BOE /FBOEFSUIBMT 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ <> 5BĈPSFBV 1 +PIO 1 ;FSNFOP 4NJUI
5. 5SBDLJOH DFMMVMBSMFWFM FOBNFM HSPXUI BOE TUSVDUVSF JO % XJUI TZODISPUSPO JNBHJOH + )VN &WPM m
103
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B )PX XFMM JT QMBOU DPOTVNQUJPO SFDPSEFE JO 0WBUXF EFOUBM DBMDVMVT *NQMJDBUJPOT GPS BODJFOU EFOUBM
DBMDVMVT TUVEJFT
$IFMTFB -FPOBSE1,2 -BZOF 7BTISP2 +BNFT 0$POOFMM2 "NBOEB )FOSZ1
1MBOU 'PPET JO )PNJOJO %JFUBSZ &DPMPHZ .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG
"OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 6UBI
4UBSDI HSBOVMFT BOE QIZUPMJUIT JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT BSF DPNNPOMZ VTFE BT NBSLFST PG QMBOU DPOTVNQUJPO JO BODJFOU IVNBO BOE IP
NJOJO QPQVMBUJPOT CVU JU JT VODMFBS IPX BDDVSBUFMZ UIFTF QMBOU NJDSPSFNBJOT SFDPSE UIF QMBOU DPNQPOFOU PG EJFU ăJT QSPKFDU FY
BNJOFT IPX XFMM TUBSDI HSBOVMFT BOE QIZUPMJUIT JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT GSPN 0WBUXF GPSBHFSIPSUJDVMUVSBMJTUT PG /PSUIXFTUFSO /BNJCJB
SFDPSE UIF SBOHF PG QMBOUT DPOTVNFE BOE XIFUIFS UIF RVBOUJUZ PG NJDSPSFNBJOT JO DBMDVMVT JT QSPQPSUJPOBM UP EJFUBSZ DPODFOUSB
UJPO 8F DPMMFDUFE EJFUBSZ EBUB UISPVHI PCTFSWBUJPO BOE JOUFSWJFX JO CPUI SBJOZ BOE ESZ TFBTPOT CFUXFFO 4FQUFNCFS BOE +VOF
BOE PCUBJOFE DBMDVMVT TBNQMFT GSPN JOEJWJEVBMT CFUXFFO UIF BHFT PG BOE 8F DPNQBSFE EBUB PO QMBOU DPOTVNQUJPO
XJUI QMBOU SFQSFTFOUBUJPO JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT PO CPUI BO JOEJWJEVBM BOE QPQVMBUJPO MFWFM .PTU PG UIF DPOTVNFE QMBOU GPPET BSF OPU
SFQSFTFOUFE JO 0WBUXF DBMDVMVT JO QBSU CFDBVTF OPU BMM QMBOUT QSPEVDF TUBSDIFT BOE QIZUPMJUIT BOE JO QBSU EVF UP B MBDL PG QSFTFS
WBUJPO 8IJMF UIF 0WBUXF DPNNPOMZ DPOTVNF MFBTU UIJSUZ QMBOUT UIF NBYJNVN OVNCFS PG QMBOUT SFQSFTFOUFE PO BO JOEJWJEVBM
MFWFM JT TJY DPNQBSFE XJUI UFO PO B QPQVMBUJPO MFWFM 3FTBNQMJOH GSPN UIF PCTFSWFE EBUB JOEJDBUFT UIBU JU JT OFDFTTBSZ UP TBNQMF
TFWFSBM JOEJWJEVBMT UP EFUFDU UIF DPOTVNQUJPO PG TUBQMF GPPET JO UIF EJFU TVDI BT NBJ[F )PXFWFS XJUI B MBSHF FOPVHI TBNQMF TJ[F JU
JT QPTTJCMF UP TFF UIF QSFTFODF PG QMBOU GPPET UIBU BSF OPU FYQMPJUFE BT JOUFOTJWFMZ 8F FTUJNBUFE UIF FYQFDUFE SFMBUJWF SFQSFTFOUBUJPO
PG TUBSDIFT JO 0WBUXF DBMDVMVT GSPN FBDI QMBOU CZ NVMUJQMZJOH UIF OVNCFS PG TUBSDIFT QFS HSBN ESZ XFJHIU CZ UIF BWFSBHF BNPVOU
PG FBDI QMBOU GPPE DPOTVNFE 8F GPVOE OP SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO FYQFDUFE BOE PCTFSWFE TUBSDI SFQSFTFOUBUJPO TVHHFTUJOH UIBU UIF
SFMBUJWF SFQSFTFOUBUJPO PG TUBSDI HSBOVMFT JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT JT OPU B HPPE QSFEJDUPS PG UIF EJFUBSZ JNQPSUBODF PG QMBOU GPPET 8F BMTP
đOE FWJEFODF GPS OPOEJFUBSZ QSPDFTTJOH PG QBMN MFBWFT GPS CBTLFU NBLJOH ăJT JT UIF đSTU TUVEZ UP UFTU IPX XFMM QMBOU NJDSPSFNBJOT
JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT SFĔFDU QMBOU DPOTVNQUJPO JO B QPQVMBUJPO XJUI B EPDVNFOUFE EJFU 3FTVMUT GSPN UIJT QSPKFDU IBWF JNQMJDBUJPOT
GPS JOUFSQSFUJOH QMBOU NJDSPSFNBJO EBUB GSPN BSDIBFPMPHJDBM EFOUBM DBMDVMVT TBNQMFT 8F TVHHFTU UIBU BOBMZTJT PG TUBSDI HSBOVMFT BOE
QIZUPMJUIT JO EFOUBM DBMDVMVT JT CFTU TVJUFE UP RVFTUJPOT BCPVU UIF QSFTFODF PS BCTFODF PG TQFDJđD QMBOUT JO UIF EJFU 6OEFSTUBOEJOH
SFTPVSDF VTF JT DFOUSBM UP VOEFSTUBOEJOH NBOZ BTQFDUT PG BODJFOU IVNBO BOE FBSMZ IPNJOJO MJGFXBZT BOE UIJT NFUIPE QSPWJEFT B
QPUFOUJBMMZ QPXFSGVM UPPM GPS JEFOUJGZJOH QMBOU DPOTVNQUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT QSPKFDU XBT GVOEFE JO QBSU CZ UIF .BY 1MBODL 4PDJFUZ BOE JO QBSU CZ /4' "XBSE #$4 1SJODJ
QBM *OWFTUJHBUPS 'SBODJT ) #SPXO BOE $P1SJODJQBM *OWFTUJHBUPST ăVSF & $FSMJOH BOE 3POBME - #SVIO 8F XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL
UIF 0WBUXF GPS UIFJS QBSUJDJQBUJPO JO UIJT SFTFBSDI
104
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 8IFO %JE UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD #FHJO PO UIF 3VTTJBO 1MBJO *O UIF $POUFYU PG 1PMMFO BOE *34-04%BUFT PO ,PTUFOLJ 4JUF BOE ăFJS $PSSFMBUJPOT XJUI 1PMMFO BOE 00 BOE $$
i$BMFOEBSTu
(BMJOB -FWLPWTLBZB1 .JLIBJM "OJLPWJDI1 /BEF[IEB 1MBUPOPWB1 +PIO )PĈFDLFS2 -ZVENJMB 4IVNJMPWTLJLI3
*OTUJUVUF GPS UIF )JTUPSZ PG .BUFSJBM $VMUVSF 3"4 3VTTJB p *OTUJUVUF PG "SDUJD BOE "MQJOF 3FTFBSDI 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $PMPSBEP
BU #PVMEFS p *OTUJUVU .ÊEJUFSSBOÊFO E&DPMPHJF FU EF 1BMÊPÊDPMPHJF 'SBODF
"SDIFPMPHJDBM MBZFST 7, BOE *7, PG UIF ,PTUFOLJ TJUF BSF UIF NPTU BODJFOU 1BMFPMJUIJD MBZFST PG UIF 3VTTJBO 1MBJO <>"OJLPWJDI
FU BM )PĈFDLFS FU BM ăFZ MJF VOEFS $*: *UBMJBO UFQISB LZS #1
BOE FYDVSTJPO -BTDIBNQ LZS
#1
ăF DISPOPMPHZ PG UIFTF MBZFST JT EJTDVTTFE JO UIF DPOUFYU PG *34-04- EBUFT TQBOOJOH GSPN LZS )PĈFDLFS FU
BM BOE DPSSFMBUJPOT PG , QPMMFO EJBHSBN <> XJUI (MJOEF LZS
BOE .PFSTIPPGE LZS
/PSUIFSO
&VSPQF JOUFSTUBEJBMT 3BO #FISF WBO EFS 1MJDIU (MJOEF.PFSTIPPGE [POF LZS
BU EJBHSBN .POUJDDIJP
JO *UBMZ 8BUUT FU BM #MBDL 4FB DPSF ($ EJBHSBN 4IVNJMPWTLJI FU BM EBUFE PO UIF CBTJT PG WBSWPDISPOPMPHZ
BOE PUIFS NFUIPET XJUI UIF MBSHFTU XJUIJO .*4
NBYJNB PG CSPBEMFBWFE USFFT PBL
TQBOOJOH GSPN BOE LZS $*: UFQISB BOE FYDVSTJPO -BTDIBNQ PTDJMMBUJPOT TQBO LZS
PG UIF (*41 00 (SFFOMBOE TDBMF
+PIOTPO FU BM PTDJMMBUJPOT TQBO LZS
PG UIF (*41 00 (SFFOMBOE TDBMF +PIOTPO FU BM -BZFS 7
NPTU BODJFOU 1BMFPMJUIJD DPNQMFY JODMVEFT GBVOB SFNBJOT SFE EFFS QSFEPNJOBUF
BOE POMZ BSUJGBDUT QSFQBSFE GSPN MPX RVBMJUZ
,PTUFOLJ SFHJPO ĔJOU *UT JOUFSQSFUBUJPO BT .PVTUFSJBO PS 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JT OPU DMFBS <> -BZFS 7 , TPJM %
JT TZODISPOPVT
<> XJUI UIF (MJOEF JOUFSTUBEJBM $ LZS
PQUJNVN BOE #PSTDIFWP MPXFTU QBMFPTPJM XJUI iFMNu NBYJNVN ăJT PQ
UJNVN JT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ UIF BCTPMVUF XJUIJO .*4
NBYJNB PG QPMMFO GSPN CSPBEMFBWFE USFFT EPNJOBOUT m FMN BU ,PTUFOLJ
PS PBL BU .POUJDDIJP đSTU IBMG PG UIF TQBO LZS
BOE #MBDL 4FB DPSF ($ LZS
*U DPSSFMBUFT XJUI %0
PG 00 (*41 (SFFOMBOE TDBMF LZS
BOE $$ NJOJNVN BU 'SBODF TUBMBHNJUF 7JM iDBMFOEBSu LZS
-BZFS *7, JT EFđOJUFMZ UIF NPTU BODJFOU 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD MBZFS <> ăJT DPNQMFY JODMVEFT GBVOB NBNNPUIT QSFEPNJOBUF
BOE ĔJOU BSUJGBDUT PG XIJDI IBWF VOEFSHPOF USFBUNFOU
*U IBT TPNF BSDIBJD GFBUVSFT DPOOFDUFE XJUI UIF MPX RVBMJUZ PG MPDBM
ĔJOU 4PNF BSUJGBDUT GSPN OPOMPDBM ĔJOU IBWF FWJEFODF PG XFMMEFWFMPQFE UFDIOPMPHZ MJLF BU ,PTUFOLJ MBZFS *7C #VU UIFZ CFMPOH
UP EJĈFSFOU FOWJSPONFOUBM NFHBTUBHFT FMN *7,
BOE ZPVOHFS TQSVDF
m *7C, <>-FWLPWTLBZB FU BM 7FMJDILP FU
BM -BZFS *7, CFHBO UP GPSN BU UIF .PFSTIPPGE PQUJNVN LZS 3BO CVU EVSJOH JUT FOE ăJT PQUJNVN JT
SFHJTUFSFE BT UIF TFDPOE NBYJNVN PG FMN QPMMFO JO ,PTUFOLJ BOE PBL m JO DPSF ($ LZS
BOE JO .POUJDDIJP
TFDPOE IBMG PG UIF TQBO LZS
*U DPSSFMBUFT XJUI %0 PG (*41 00 iDBMFOEBSu JUT PQUJNVN JT BCPVU LZS
BOE PTDJMMBUJPO BU $$ 7JM TDBMF LZS
ăF VQQFS QBSU PG *7, GPSNFE EVSJOH .PFSTIPPGE đOBM UIFSNP
IZESPQIJMPVT FMN GPSFTUT BOE XFU NFBEPXT
TUBHF ăF MBTU DPSSFTQPOET UP UIF NPTU XFU QIBTF LZS
JO UIF 7JMMBST DBWF
EVSJOH XIJDI UIF SBUF PG TUBMBHNJUF HSPXJOH XBT NBYJNBM (FOUZ FU BM ăF BCSVQU FOE PG .PFSTIPPGE JO EJĈFSFOU SFHJPOT JT
LZS 1PMMFO <> BOE EFUBJMFE QBMFP[PPMPHJDBM EBUB )PĈFDLFS ,V[NJOB TIPXFE UIBU MBZFS ***, PG 4USFMFUT DVMUVSF
đSTU QIBTF
GPSNFE EVSJOH QFSJHMBDJBM TUFQQF NFHBTUBHF XIFO IPSTF QSFEPNJOBUFE
BOE MBUFS EVSJOH UIF đSTU DPOJGFSPVT TQSVDF
QIBTF XIFO SFJOEFFS QSFEPNJOBUFE
*U CFHBO UP GPSN BĕFS LZS "MM UIF PUIFS ,PTUFOLJ 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD MBZFST VOEFS $*:
UFQISB JODMVEJOH UIF MPXFTU MBZFS *7C, XJUI EFWFMPQFE 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD DPNQMFY 4JOJUTZO BSF ZPVOHFS UIBO FOE
PG iFMNu LZS
BOE TUFQQF NFHBTUBHFT BOE DPOOFDUFE XJUI DPOJGFSPVT NFHBTUBHF ăF BHF PG UIF NPTU BODJFOU &VSBTJBO 6TU
*TIJN BOUISPQPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT DPOUBJOJOH UIF %/" PG )PNP TBQJFOT TBQJFOT JT BCPVU LZS BOE PG BOUISPQPMPHJDBM , SFNBJO
m LZS (JCCPOT ăF đSTU DPSSFMBUFT XJUI UIF NPTU BODJFOU JO ,PTUFOLJ SFHJPO 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD MBZFS *7, iFMNu
NFHBTUBHF đOBM QIBTF LZS
BOE UIF TFDPOE m XJUI UIF ,PTUFOLJ iTQSVDFu NFHBTUBHF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăF BVUIPST BSF HSBUFGVM GPS đOBODJBM TVQQPSU UP 3VTTJBO 'PVOEBUJPO GPS )VNBOJUBSJBO 3FTFBSDI HSBOUT /P
B BOE B BOE UP QSPHSBN PG GVOEBNFOUBM SFTFBSDI PG QSFTJEJVN PG 3VTTJBO "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT u5SBEJ
UJPOT BOE JOOPWBUJPOT JO IJTUPSZ BOE DVMUVSF u
105
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B /FBOEFSUIBM MPDBM SBX NBUFSJBM VUJMJ[BUJPO BOE USBOTQPSU " WJFX GSPN TPVUIXFTUFSO 'SBODF
4BN -JO1 )BSPME %JCCMF1,2,3 4IBOOPO .D1IFSSPO2 .BUUIFX %PVHMBTT4
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1FOOTZMWBOJB p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF PG
&WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p *OTUJUVUF PG )VNBO 0SJHJOT "SJ[POB 4UBUF 6OJWFSTJUZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ
6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FCSBTLB -JODPMO
4UVEJFT PG /FBOEFSUIBM NPCJMJUZ SFMZ MBSHFMZ PO UIF TPVSDJOH PG EJTUBOU SBX NBUFSJBM UZQFT UP NFBTVSF UIF FYUFOU PG BSUJGBDU USBOT
QPSU <FH > *O BSFBT TVDI BT UIF "RVJUBJOF SFHJPO PG TPVUIXFTUFSO 'SBODF PO BWFSBHF PWFS PG UIF BSUJGBDUT JO UIF .JEEMF
1BMFPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT XFSF NBEF PO ĔJOU NBUFSJBMT PCUBJOFE JO UIF MPDBM FOWJSPONFOU UZQJDBMMZ XJUIJO B LN SBEJVT PG UIF TJUF
<> "MUIPVHI SBX NBUFSJBMT GSPN TPVSDFT VQ UP LN BXBZ EP PDDVS UIFJS RVBOUJUJFT UFOE UP CF NJOJNBM ăJT ĔJOU SJDI DPOUFYU
XIFSF XPSLBCMF NBUFSJBMT XFSF SFMBUJWFMZ BCVOEBOU QPTFT B DIBMMFOHF UP UIF TUVEZ PG UIF XBZT /FBOEFSUIBMT VUJMJ[FE BOE USBOTQPSUFE
MPDBM MJUIJD SFTPVSDFT ăJT SFTFBSDI BQQMJFT BO BMUFSOBUJWF BQQSPBDI GPS NFBTVSJOH BSUJGBDU USBOTQPSU UISPVHI RVBOUJGZJOH UIF DPS
UFY QSPQPSUJPOT PG MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT <> #BTFE PO FTUJNBUFT PG UIF TJ[F BOE TIBQF PG PSJHJOBMMZ XPSLFE OPEVMFT JU JT QPTTJCMF UP
DBMDVMBUF UIF FYDFTT PS EFđDJU PG DPSUFY TVSGBDF BSFB SFMBUJWF UP UIF BSUJGBDU WPMVNF QSFTFOU XJUIJO B HJWFO BTTFNCMBHF m UIJT SFMBUJPO
TIJQ JT FYQSFTTFE BT UIF $PSUFY 3BUJP ăF JNCBMBODF CFUXFFO BTTFNCMBHF DPSUFY BOE WPMVNF JO UVSO JOEJDBUF BSUJGBDU USBOTQPSU UP
BOE GSPN UIF BTTFNCMBHF MPDBMJUZ )FSF $PSUFY 3BUJPT BSF DBMDVMBUFE BOE TUBUJTUJDBMMZ WBMJEBUFE GPS UISFF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUFT
JO UIF "RVJUBJOF SFHJPO PG 'SBODF m 3PD EF .BSTBM 1FDI EF M"[Ê *7 BOE $PNCF$BQFMMF #BT ăF SBUJPT TVHHFTU B UFOEFODZ PG
IPNPHFOFPVT USBOTQPSU QBUUFSO EVSJOH .BSJOF *TPUPQF 4UBHF .*4
BOE NPSF IFUFSPHFOFPVT QBUUFSOT JO .*4 BOE ăSPVHI
FYQFSJNFOUBM TJNVMBUJPO UIF BSUJGBDU USBOTQPSU QSPDFTT VOEFSMZJOH UIF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF PCTFSWFE DPSUFY QSPQPSUJPOT DPOUSBEJDUT
FYJTUJOH NPEFMT PG FOEQSPEVDU FYQPSU *OTUFBE FNQIBTJT GPS TFMFDUJPO TFFNT UP IBWF CFFO PO UIF TJ[F PG UIF BSUJGBDUT SBUIFS UIBO
UIFJS TUBHFT XJUIJO UIF CMBOL QSPEVDUJPO TFRVFODF 'VSUIFS DPNQBSJTPO CFUXFFO $PSUFY 3BUJPT BOE BTTFNCMBHF EFOTJUZ BMTP SFWFBM
JOUFSBTTFNCMBHF WBSJBUJPO QPTTJCMZ SFMBUFE UP DIBOHJOH MBOE VTF JO SFTQPOTF UP DMJNBUJD BOE FDPMPHJDBM DPOEJUJPOT ăF đOEJOHT PG
UIJT TUVEZ TVQQPSU SFDFOU PCTFSWBUJPOT PO UIF EZOBNJD OBUVSF PG .PVTUFSJBO MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHZ BOE UIF JNQPSUBODF PG BSUJGBDU USBOT
QPSU JO UIF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD SFDPSE <>
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT "SUJGBDU BOE SBX NBUFSJBM TDBOOJOH XBT NBEF QPTTJCMF CZ UIF FRVJQNFOU BOE đOBODJBM BJE QSPWJEFE UP -JO CZ
UIF .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF PG &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ "MBJO 5VSR QSPWJEFE WBMVBCMF JOGPSNBUJPO GPS SBX NBUFSJBM TVSWFZ ăF
BVUIPST UIBOL 5JN 8FBWFS GPS QPJOUJOH UPXBSET UIF QPUFOUJBM PĈFSFE CZ UIF QFSNVUBUJPO UFTU BOE IFMQGVM DPNNFOUT PO .POUF
$BSMP BOE CPPUTUSBQQJOH UFDIOJRVFT
3FGFSFODFT<> (FOFTUF +. "OBMZTF MJUIJRVF EJOEVTUSJFT .PVTUÊSJFOOFT EV 1ÊSJHPSE 6OF BQQSPBDIF UFDIOPMPHJRVF EV DPNQPSUFNFOU EFT
HSPVQFT IVNBJOFT BV 1BMÊPMJUIJRVF .PZFO 1I% EJTTFSUBUJPO 6OJWFSTJUF EF #PSEFBVY * <> 'ÊCMPU"VHVTUJOT + .PCJMJUZ TUSBUFHJFT JO UIF -BUF
.JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD PG $FOUSBM &VSPQF BOE 8FTUFSO &VSPQF &MFNFOUT PG TUBCJMJUZ BOE WBSJBCJMJUZ + "OUISPQPM "SDIBFPM <> 5VSR " 1BMÊPMJUIJRVF JOGÊSJFVS FU NPZFO FOUSF %PSEPHOF FU -PU 1BMÊP m <> %JCCMF )- 4DIVSNBOT 6" 3BEV *1 .D-BVHIMJO .7 ăF
NFBTVSFNFOU BOE JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG DPSUFY JO MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT "N "OUJR m <> 5VSR " 3PFCSPFLT 8 #PVSHVJHOPO - 'BJWSF +1
ăF GSBHNFOUFE DIBSBDUFS PG .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD TUPOF UPPM UFDIOPMPHZ + )VN &WPM 106
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S 8IBU 3PMF GPS .FEJUFSSBOFBO &VSPQF JO UIF .1&61 TIJĕ
-BVSB -POHP1 4JMWBOB $POEFNJ2
.VTFJ $JWJDJ 'JPSFOUJOJ p $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ E"JY.BSTFJMMF
6OUJM SFDFOUMZ POMZ .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD PS &BSMZ 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUFT PG OPSUIFSO BOE DFOUSBM &VSPQF XFSF CSPVHIU JOUP UIF EJT
DVTTJPO PG UIF TIJĕ GSPN /FBOEFSUIBMT UP NPEFSO IVNBOT ăF SPMF QMBZFE CZ .FEJUFSSBOFBO &VSPQF XBT XFBL BOE EVF UP UIF MBDL
PG BSUJDMFT EFBMJOH XJUI TPVUIFSO &VSPQF BWBJMBCMF JO &OHMJTI UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF PO UIJT UPQJD XBT OPU SFBEJMZ BDDFTTJCMF
BOE XBT OPU DJUFE JO UIF MFBEJOH TDJFOUJđD KPVSOBMT /POFUIFMFTT NBOZ TPVUIFSO &VSPQFBO TJUFT IBWF CFFO ZJFMEJOH DPOTJTUFOU BOE
SFMJBCMF TUSBUJHSBQIJD TFRVFODFT BT XFMM BT IVNBO GPTTJMT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI CFIBWJPSBM BDUJWJUJFT MJLF UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG TUPOF UPPMT BOE
JOUFOUJPOBM USBOTGPSNBUJPO PG GBVOB BOE PUIFS iSBX NBUFSJBMTu 1BMFP%/" BOBMZTJT OFX QSPUPDPMT GPS SFMJBCMF SBEJPDBSCPO EBUJOH
BOE QBMFPFOWJSPONFOUBM SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT PG .*4 XIJDI BSF OPX BMTP BQQMJFE UP UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO TJUFT QSFTFOU B XIPMMZ EJĈFSFOU
TDFOBSJP DPODFSOJOH UIF SPMF QMBZFE CZ .FEJUFSSBOFBO &VSPQF JO UIF EFNJTF PG /FBOEFSUIBMT "U QSFTFOU POMZ -.1&61 *UBMJBO
TJUFT BSF CFBSJOH ".4 EBUJOH OFX QSFUSFBUNFOU UFDIOJRVFT
ăSFF PG UIFN BSF JO /PSUIFSO *UBMZ 'VNBOF .F[[FOB BOE 3JQBSP
.PDIJ ăF PUIFST BSF JO 4PVUIFSO *UBMZ (SPUUB EFM $BWBMMP 4FSJOP BOE $BTUFMDJWJUB "NPOH UIFTF TJUFT 3JQBSP .F[[FOB JT UIF
POMZ POF CFBSJOH B EJSFDU EBUJOH PO HFOFUJDBMMZ UZQFE )PNP OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT VOFRVJWPDBMMZ BTTPDJBUFE UP .PVTUFSJBO ăJT QBQFS
QSFTFOUT UIF TJUVBUJPO PG UIF OPSUIFSO .FEJUFSSBOFBO CBTJO BOE GPDVTFT TQFDJđDBMMZ PO UIF *UBMJBO 1FOJOTVMB XJUI TQFDJBM FNQIBTJT
PO .F[[FOB BOE PO JUT SFMBUJPOTIJQ XJUI QSFTFOUMZ BWBJMBCMF EBUB GSPN XFTUFSO BOE FBTUFSO SFHJPOT PG 4PVUIFSO &VSPQF 3BEJPNFU
SJD EBUB BOE UIF BSDIFPTUSBUJHSBQIJD TFRVFODF PG 'VNBOF DBWF QSPWFT UIF DPOUJOVPVT QSFTFODF PG ".)T TJODF (* TVQQPSUJOH
GPS TPNF GBWPVSBCMF DPOEJUJPOT GPS IVNBO TVSWJWBM FWFO EVSJOH $*)& DSJTJT 4VDI SFGVHF DPOEJUJPOT DPNNPO UP UIF /PSUIFSO
.FEJUFSSBOFBO BSFBT GSPN (JCSBMUBS UP *UBMZ NBZ TVQQPSU GPS TVDDFTTJWF EJTQFSTBMT PG UIF &61 NBLFST BSSJWFE JOUP 4PVUIFSO &VSPQF
DB LB VODBM $ #1 $POTJEFSJOH UIJT UJNFTQBO DMJNBUJD DPOEJUJPO BSPVOE &VSPQF JO TPNF DBTFT UFSNJOBM .1 JOEVTUSJFT
QSFEBUF $BNQBOJBO *HOJNCSJUF $*
FSVQUJPO 4PVUIFSO *UBMZ $SWFOB 4UJKFOB JO .POUFOFHSP ,MJTTPVSB DBWF JO (SFFDF
XIJMF JO
PUIFST UIF /FBOEFSUIBMT EFNJTF *CFSJB 7JOEJKB 4QZ
DPVME IBWF IBQQFOFE BĕFS TVDI FWFOU ăF PDDVSSFODF PG ".)T JO /PSUI
BOE $FOUSBM &VSPQF TUBSUJOH GSPN LB DBM $ #1 BUUFTUFE BU ,FOUT DBWFSO BOE UIBOLT UP UIF ".4 EBUF PG UIF PMEFTU
TZNCPMJD CFIBWJPVS JO &61 JO (FSNBOZ BMMPXT UP SFDPOTJEFS ".)T EJĈVTJPOT JO &VSPQF EVSJOH UIF MBTU QIBTF PG /FBOEFSUIBMT
TVSWJWBM 'PS 4PVUIFSO &VSPQF EBUB BWBJMBCMF GPS .F[[FOB TVQQPSU GPS UIF )O QSFTFODF JO TPNF BSFBT PG UIF &VSPQFBO DPOUJOFOU
FWFO ZFBST BĕFS UIF BSSJWBM PG ".)T ăF SPMF QMBZFE CZ .FEJUFSSBOFBO &VSPQF BOE JO QBSUJDVMBS CZ UIF *UBMJBO 1FOJOTVMB
TFFNT UP IBE CFFO VOUJM OPX VOEFSFTUJNBUFE BOE UIF FYJTUJOH EBUB CPUI PO J
QBMFP%/" JJ
NPSQIPMPHJDBM JJJ
DVMUVSBM BOE OPX
JW
SBEJPNFUSJD CBTJT BMMPX UP QSFTFOU B NVDI EJĈFSFOU TDFOBSJP GPS UIF EFNJTF PG /FBOEFSUIBMT ăJT BQQFBST UP CF PDDVSSFE NVDI
MBUFS BOE XJUI NPSF TJHOJđDBOU CJPMPHJDBM DPOTFRVFODFT UIBO XIBU BDLOPXMFEHFE .PSFPWFS UIF QSFTFOUMZ BWBJMBCMF EBUB DBO DPOđSN
UIBU JO TPVUIFSO &VSPQF )PNP OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT IBWF OPU CFDPNF FYUJODU TPPO BĕFS UIF BSSJWBM PG ".)T BOE QPTF JOUP RVFTUJPO UIF
IZQPUIFTJT PG UIF MBDL PG SFMJBCMZ EBUFE /FBOEFSUIBM GPTTJMT ZPVOHFS UIBO LB DBM $ #1 JO BOZ PUIFS SFHJPO PG 8FTUFSO &VSBTJB
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT"OBMZUJDBM %BUB IBT CFFO BDRVJSFE XJUIJO UIF QSPKFDU i)VNBO 'PTTJMT PG UIF 7FSPOB BSFBu DPPSEJOBUFE CZ --
JO DPMMBCPSBUJPO XJUI %BWJE $BSBNFMMJ &MJTBCFUUB #PBSFUUP 6STVMB ăVO )PIFOTUFJO BOE 1BPMP (JVOUJ
107
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă #SBJO TJ[F JO .JP1MJPDFOF IPNJOPJET UIF SFTVMU PG TFMFDUJPO PS QMFJPUSPQZ
(BCSJFMF .BDIP1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 0YGPSE
)ZQPUIFTFT FYQMBJOJOH CSBJO TJ[F FWPMVUJPO DPNNPOMZ GPDVT PO UIF DPHOJUJWF BEWBOUBHFT UIBU MBSHF CSBJOT DPOGFS UP UIF TQFDJFT
BOEPS PO FOFSHFUJDT JF IPX UIF NFUBCPMJD DPTUT PG MBSHF CSBJOT BSF PWFSDPNF #SBJO TJ[F JT IPXFWFS IJHIMZ DPOTUSBJOFE QIZMP
HFOFUJDBMMZ BMUIPVHI JU JT HFOFUJDBMMZ MJOLFE UP CPEZ TJ[F XIJDI JO DPOUSBTU WBSJFT NPSF GSFFMZ ,BNJMBS $PPQFS ăF
UPUBM BNPVOU PG FOFSHZ BWBJMBCMF UP BO BOJNBM DPOTUSBJOT UIF DPNCJOFE FYQFOEJUVSF PG CPUI CPEZ BOE CSBJO 'POTFDB"[FWFEP )FSDVMBOP)PV[FM ăJT VOEFSMJFT UIF SFMBUJWFMZ UJHIU CSBJOCPEZ BMMPNFUSZ BDSPTT QSJNBUFT BT XFMM BT UIF PCTFSWFE HSBEF
TIJĕT CFUXFFO DMBEFT XJUI EJĈFSFOU EJFUBSZ TUSBUFHJFT *TMFS FU BM 8IJMF FOFSHFUJD DPOTJEFSBUJPOT UIVT BDDPVOU GPS NPTU JG
OPU BMM CSBJO TJ[F BNPOHTU QSJNBUFT UIF DBVTFT BOE NFDIBOJTNT VOEFSMZJOH UIF JOJUJBM BMCFJU TNBMM FODFQIBMJTBUJPO JO IPNJOJOT
SFNBJO VODMFBS QBSUJDVMBSMZ TP BT IPNJOJOT IBE BCBOEPOFE FYDMVTJWF GSVHJWPSZ CVU IBWF OPU ZFU SFTPSUFE UP IBCJUVBM NFBU DPOTVNQ
UJPO )FSF * đSTU UFTU IPX QSJNBUF CSBJO TJ[F NBZ CF BĈFDUFE XIFO CPEZ TJ[F JO POMZ POF TFY IBT CFFO TFMFDUFE GPS FJUIFS UISPVHI
TFYVBM PS EJSFDUJPOBM TFMFDUJPO UIVT SFTVMUJOH JO BO JODSFBTF JO FOFSHZ FYQFOEJUVSF JO POF TFY CVU OPU UIF PUIFS "ĕFS DPOUSPMMJOH GPS
QIZMPHFOZ TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN BOE TFYTQFDJđD CPEZ NBTT * GPVOE GFNBMFT PG TFYVBMMZ EJNPSQIJD TQFDJFT UP IBWF TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđ
DBOUMZ MBSHFS CSBJOT UIBO FYQFDUFE PO UIF CBTJT PG UIFJS CPEZ NBTTFT PS TPDJBMJUZ
BMPOF S Q ăJT JT OPU BO BSUFGBDU
EVF UP UIF MBSHFSCPEJFE TFYVBMMZ EJNPSQIJD DFSDPQJUIFDJOFTIPNJOPJET IPXFWFS 3FOTDI SVMF
UIF USFOE FYUFOET BDSPTT BMM DMBEFT
BMUIPVHI JO TUSFQTJSSIJOFT JU JT OPU TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU 5P UFTU UIF TUSFOHUI PG UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ GVSUIFS POMZ TQFDJFT XIFSF GFNBMFT
LH BOE GFNBMFCPEZ NBTT NBMF CPEZ NBTT XFSF TFMFDUFE ăF SFTVMUT SFNBJO TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU GPS GFNBMFT S Q *O NBMFT OP TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU SFMBUJPOTIJQT XFSF GPVOE JO BOZ PG UIF BOBMZTFT ăF SFTVMUT TVHHFTU B QMFJPUSPQJD MJOL
CFUXFFO CPEZ NBTT BOE FODFQIBMJTBUJPO FWFO XIFO UIF TNBMMFS TFY VTVBMMZ GFNBMFT
IBT OPU CFFO UIF UBSHFU PG CPEZ TJ[F TFMFDUJPO
ăJT DBVUJPOT BHBJOTU UIF VTF PG BWFSBHF &$7T BOE CPEZ TJ[FT GPS QBMBFPBOUISPQPMPHJDBM QVSQPTFT BOE MJGF IJTUPSZ SFDPOTUSVDUJPO
ăF đOEJOH JT EJTDVTTFE XJUIJO UIF DPOUFYU PG .JP1MJPDFOF IPNJOPJE FWPMVUJPO &WFO UIPVHI TBNQMF TJ[FT BSF MJNJUFE JU BQQFBST
UIBU .JPDFOF BQFT XFSF QSPCBCMZ TJNJMBS UP FYUBOU HSFBU BQFT XJUI SFHBSE UP CSBJO TJ[F BT FWJEFODFE CZ %SZPQJUIFDVT CSBODPJ .B
BOE 4BIFMBOUISPQVT UDIBEFOTJT .B
*O UIF GPSNFS TQFDJFT CPEZ NBTT BOE TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN DBO BMTP CF BTTFTTFE ăF CSBJO
TJ[F JODSFBTF JO TVCTFRVFOU BVTUSBMPQJUIT BMCFJU TNBMM JT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI QSPQPTJUJPOT PG B QMFJPUSPQJD FĈFDU SFTVMUJOH GSPN TFMFDUJPO
GPS MBSHFSCPEJFE NBMFT QSPCBCMZ JO SFTQPOTF UP UIF IBCJUBU CFDPNJOH JODSFBTJOHMZ PQFO $FSMJOH FU BM FYDFQU GPS "SEJQJUIF
DVT CPEZ TJ[F TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN JT HFOFSBMMZ NBSLFE JO UIF FBSMJFTU IPNJOJOT ăF BCTPMVUF JODSFBTF JO &$7 SFTVMUJOH GSPN TVDI
QMFJPUSPQJD FĈFDUT XPVME IPXFWFS IBWF JNQBDUFE PO IPNJOJO FOFSHFUJDT BOE MJGF IJTUPSJFT 0OMZ PODF FOFSHFUJD DPOTUSBJOUT XFSF
TVDDFTTGVMMZ PWFSDPNF JF UISPVHI FYUFOTJPO PG UIF EJFUBSZ OJDIF TPDJBMJUZ BOE NBUFSJBM DVMUVSF DPVME GVSUIFS FODFQIBMJTBUJPO PD
DVS ăJT QSPDFTT XBT OFJUIFS HSBEVBM OPS JODSFNFOUBM XIJDI QSPCBCMZ FYQMBJOT UIF SFMBUJWFMZ MPOH TUBTJT PG &$7 JO BVTUSBMPQJUIT
VOUJM UIF FNFSHFODF PG )PNP
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT QSPKFDU XBT GVOEFE CZ $(-
3FGFSFODFT<> $FSMJOH 5& 8ZOO +( "OEBOKF 4" #JSE .* ,PSJS %, -FWJO /& .BDF 8 .BDIBSJB "/ õVBEF + 3FNJFO $) 8PPEZ DPWFS BOE IPNJOJO FOWJSPONFOUT JO UIF QBTU NJMMJPO ZFBST /BUVSF <> 'POTFDB"[FWFEP , )FSDVMBOP)PV[FM 4 .FUBCPMJD DPOTUSBJOU JNQPTFT USBEFPĈ CFUXFFO CPEZ TJ[F BOE OVNCFS PG CSBJO OFVSPOT JO IVNBO FWPMVUJPO 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 64" <> *TMFS , ,JSL &$ .JMMFS +." "MCSFDIU (" (FMWJO #3 .BSUJO 3% &OEPDSBOJBM WPMVNFT PG QSJNBUF TQFDJFT TDBMJOH
BOBMZTFT VTJOH DPNQSFIFOTJWF BOE SFMJBCMF EBUB TFU + )VN &WPM <> ,BNJMBS +. $PPQFS / 1IZMPHFOFUJD TJHOBM JO QSJNBUF
CFIBWJPVS FDPMPHZ BOE MJGF IJTUPSZ 1IJM 5SBOT 3 4PD # QVCMJTIFE POMJOF EPJSTUC
108
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă ăF IPNJOJO GSPOUBM CPOF SFDFOUMZ EJTDPWFSFE JO UIF 1P 7BMMFZ /PSUIFSO *UBMZ
(JPSHJP .BO[J1 'FEFSJDP #FSOBSEJOJ2 %BWJE $BSBNFMMJ3 .BVSP $SFNBTDIJ4 'BCJP %J 7JODFO[P1 $JO[JB (BMMJ 5 (JBDPNP
(JBCPCJOJ6 &MFOB (JHMJ3 .BSUJOB -BSJ3 %PNFOJDP -P 7FUSP7 'BCJP .BSUJOJ3 'SBODFTDP .VTDPMJOP8,9 %BWJEF 1FSTJDP10 3BĈBFMMB 1PHHJBOJ ,FMMFS9 "OUPOJP 1SPđDP1 4JNPOF 3BWBSB11 $FTBSF 3BWB[[J12 $MÊNFOU ;BOPMMJ2 $MBVEJP 5VOJ[2
%JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB "NCJFOUBMF 4BQJFO[B 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ 3PNB p ăF A"CEVT 4BMBN *OUFSOBUJPOBM $FOUSF GPS
ăFPSFUJDBM 1IZTJDT .VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ -BCPSBUPSZ 5SJFTUF p %JQBSUJNFOUP %J #JPMPHJB 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ 'JSFO[F p %JQBSUJNFOUP
EJ 4DJFO[F EFMMB 5FSSB u" %FTJPu 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ .JMBOP p .VTFP EJ 4UPSJB /BUVSBMF EJ $SFNPOB p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ
/FVSPTDJFO[F 6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ 5PSJOP p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ "SDIFPMPHJB F 4UPSJB EFMMF "SUJ p 6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 4JFOB p 4PQSJOUFEFO[B QFS J CFOJ BSDIFPMPHJDJ EFMMB -PNCBSEJB p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4DJFO[F EFMMB 5FSSB 6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 1BSNB p
.VTFP 1BMFPBOUSPQPMPHJDP EFM 1P 4BO %BOJFMF 1P p *TUJUVUP QFS MB %JOBNJDB EFJ 1SPDFTTJ "NCJFOUBMJ %BMNJOF
8F SFQPSU UIF EJTDPWFSZ PG B GPTTJM IPNJOJO DSBOJBM CPOF PG /FBOEFSUIBM NPSQIPMPHZ SFDFOUMZ EJTDPWFSFE OFBS 4QJOBEFTDP $SF
NPOB JO UIF 1P 7BMMFZ *UBMZ ăF TQFDJNFO DPEF 4UO OJDLOBNFE u1ÆVTu GSPN BO BODJFOU OBNF PG UIF SJWFS 1P
DPOTJTUT
PG UIF BMNPTU DPNQMFUF GSPOUBM CPOF PG BO BEVMU JOEJWJEVBM GPVOE PO B TBOE CBS PG UIF MFĕ CBOL PG UIF SJWFS QSPCBCMZ DBSSJFE CZ UIF
DVSSFOU GSPN VQTUSFBN .JEEMF-BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF EFQPTJUT *U JT QSFTFSWFE BU QSFTFOU JO UIF .VTFP 1BMFPBOUSPQPMPHJDP PG 4BO %BOJFMF
1P $SFNPOB ăJT GSPOUBM CPOF SFQSFTFOUT UIF VOJRVF GPTTJM FWJEFODF XJUI /FBOEFSUIBM BċOJUJFT EJTDPWFSFE TP GBS JO UIF 1P WBMMFZ
ăVT HJWFO JUT JNQPSUBODF B DPNNJTTJPO PG FYQFSUT VOEFS UIF TVQFSWJTJPO PG UIF 4PQSJOUFOEFO[B QFS J #FOJ "SDIFPMPHJDJ EFMMB -PN
CBSEJB IBT CFFO DPOTUJUVUFE BOE JT OPX XPSLJOH PO UIF IVNBO TQFDJNFO BOE JUT QBMFPFOWJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYU /FJUIFS MJUIJD UPPMT
OPS GBVOBM SFNBJOT XFSF GPVOE JO BTTPDJBUJPO XJUI UIF IVNBO đOEJOH /FWFSUIFMFTT B WFSZ BCVOEBOU GPTTJM GBVOB DBNF GSPN UIF
TBNF BSFB JO UIF QBTU BOE JT NBJOMZ DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ DPMEBEBQUFE .BNNBMT FH .BNNVUIVT QSJNJHFOJVT .FHBMPDFSPT HJHBOUFVT
4UFQIBOPSIJOVT LJSDICFSHFOTJT &MFQIBT BOUJRVVT
<> ăF IVNBO GSPOUBM CPOF BQQFBST TPNFXIBU NPEJđFE JO JUT FYPDSBOJBM BTQFDU
CZ UBQIPOPNJD BDUJPOT SFMBUFE UP XBUFS USBOTQPSU BOE TFEJNFOU FSPTJPO XIJMF JUT JOOFS TVSGBDF JT CFUUFS QSFTFSWFE TVHHFTUJOH UIBU
JU SFNBJOFE QSPUFDUFE GPS B DFSUBJO QFSJPE PG UJNF CFGPSF JUT TFQBSBUJPO GSPN UIF PUIFS DSBOJBM CPOFT BOEPS GSPN UIF TFEJNFOUT
ăF TQFDJNFO JT CSPLFO BOUFSJPSMZ JO DPSSFTQPOEFODF PG BO BSFB BSPVOE UIF HMBCFMMB MBDLJOH UIF OBTBM TQJOF BOE NPTU PG UIF PSCJUBM
QMBUF OFWFSUIFMFTT JU QSFTFSWFT UIF TVQFSJPS BOE NFEJPMBUFSBM DPNQPOFOUT PG UIF TVQSBPSCJUBM UPSVT BOE MBSHF QBSU PG UIF TJOVTFT
-BUFSBMMZ BOE QPTUFSJPSMZ UIF TVUVSFT IBWF CFFO POMZ QBSUJBMMZ XPSO ăF FOEPDSBOJBM NPSQIPMPHZ JT XFMM EJTUJOHVJTIBCMF JU OPUBCMZ
JODMVEFT UIF TVQFSJPS TBHJUUBM TVMDVT BOE UIF GSPOUBM DSFTU XIJMF TPNF DPOWPMVUJPOT BOE TVMDJ PG UIF GSPOUBM MPCF PG UIF CSBJO BSF
BMTP WJTJCMF 8JUI UIF BJN UP QFSGPSN EFUBJMFE NPSQIPNFUSJD BOBMZTFT 1ÆVT IBT CFFO JNBHFE CZ 9SBZ NJDSPUPNPHSBQIZ γ$5
BDDPSEJOH UP UIF GPMMPXJOH QBSBNFUFST L7 WPMUBHF γ" DVSSFOU BOE B QSPKFDUJPO FBDI ăF đOBM WPMVNFT XFSF SF
DPOTUSVDUFE XJUI BO JTPUSPQJD WPYFM TJ[F PG γN #Z UIF đSTU PCTFSWBUJPOT BOE RVBOUJUBUJWF BOBMZTFT UIF HFOFSBM BTQFDUT PG CPUI UIF
GSPOUBM TRVBNB BOE UIF UPSVT BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI UIF /FBOEFSUIBM NPSQIPMPHZ UIF QBUUFSO PG WBSJBUJPO PG DSBOJBM WBVMU UIJDLOFTT
JO QBSUJDVMBS SFDPSEFE BMPOH UIF NJETBHJUUBM TFDUJPO SBOHFT GSPN NN UP NN PWFSMBQQJOH UIF /FBOEFSUIBM QSPđMF <>
0OHPJOH SFTFBSDIFT PO 1ÆVT m XIJDI XJMM JODMVEF NPSQIPMPHJDBM QBMBFPHFOFUJD QBMFPFOWJSPONFOUBM BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BTQFDUT
m XJMM FYUFOE PVS LOPXMFEHF PO UIF WBSJBCJMJUZ PG )PNP OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT GVSOJTIJOH B DPOOFDUJPO CFUXFFO TBNQMFT GSPN DFOUSBM
&VSPQF <> BOE UIPTF JO UIF QFOJOTVMBS *UBMZ <>
3FGFSFODFT<> 1FSTJDP % $JHBMB 'VMHPTJ ' 'FSSBSJ 7 3BWBSB 4 $BSVCFMMJ $ * GPTTJMJ EFM 'JVNF 1P DBUBMPHP EFJ NBNNJGFSJ GPTTJMJ EFMMF
BMMVWJPOJ RVBUFSOBSJF EFM .VTFP /BUVSBMJTUJDP 1BMFPOUPMPHJDP EJ 4BO %BOJFMF 1P $3
%FMNJHMJP 1FSTJDP %PTJNP $SFNPOB <> #BM[FBV " 7BSJBUJPO BOE $IBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG UIF $SBOJBM 7BVMU ăJDLOFTT JO UIF ,SBQJOB BOE 8FTUFSO &VSPQFBO /FBOEFSUBMT 1FSJPE #JPM <>
5BUUFSTBMM * 4DIXBSU[ +) ăF EJTUJODUJWFOFTT BOE TZTUFNBUJD DPOUFYU PG )PNP OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT *O )BSWBUJ , )BSSJTPO 5 FET
/FBOEFSUIBMT 3FWJTJUFE /FX "QQSPBDIFT BOE 1FSTQFDUJWFT 4QSJOHFS %PSESFDIU QQ <> .BO[J ( *UBMJBO QSFIJTUPSJD QSPNFOBEFT UIF
IVNBO GPTTJM TBNQMF 'SPN UIF iFBSMJFTU &VSPQFBOu UP UIF MBUFTU /FBEFSUBMT *O #BRVFEBOP & 3VCJP +BSB 4 FET
.JTDFMÃOFB FO )PNFOBKF B &NJMJBOP
"HVJSSF WPM *** 1BMFPBOUSPQPMPHÎB
.VTFP "SDIFPMÓHJDP 3FHJPOBM "MDBMÃ EF )FOBSFT QQ <> "MDJBUJ ( 1FTDF %FMđOP 7 7BDDB & FET
$BUBMPHVF PG *UBMJBO 'PTTJM )VNBO 3FNBJOT GSPN UIF 1BMFPMJUIJD UP UIF .FTPMJUIJD *TUJUVUP *UBMJBOP EJ "OUSPQPMPHJB *T*5"
3PNB
109
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S $BO EJTUBM đCVMBS NPSQIPMPHZ CF VTFE UP JOGFS "V "GBSFOTJT MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS
%BNJBOP .BSDIJ1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1JTB
ăF đCVMB IBT SBSFMZ CFFO DPOTJEFSFE JO DPNQBSBUJWF NPSQIPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT ăF CPOFT OPSNBMMZ VTFE UP JOWFTUJHBUF FBSMZ IPNJOJO
MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS BSF UIF MBSHFTU CPOFT PG UIF IJOEMJNC GFNVS BOE UJCJB ăF SFBTPO GPS UIJT DIPJDF JT QSPCBCMZ EVF UP UIF SFM
BUJWFMZ NJOPS SPMF PG UIF đCVMB JO DBSSZJOH NFDIBOJDBM MPBET )PXFWFS EJĈFSFODFT JO NPSQIPMPHZ BOE JOGFSSFE GVODUJPO
PG UIF
đCVMB CFUXFFO IVNBO BOE OPOIVNBO HSFBU BQFT BOE XJUIJO OPOIVNBO HSFBU BQFT IBWF CFFO OPUFE JO UIF QBTU BOE SFMBUFE UP
EJĈFSFODFT JO QPTJUJPOBM CFIBWJPS 3FDFOU SFTFBSDI <> IBWF QPJOUFE PVU UIF DPSSFMBUJPO QSFTFOU CFUXFFO EJBQIZTFBM TUSVDUVSBM
QSPQFSUJFT PG UIF đCVMB BOE MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS JO MJWJOH IPNJOJET JF 1POHP (PSJMMB 1BO BOE )PNP
BOE JUT QPTTJCMF BQQMJDBUJPO
UP JOGFSSJOH FBSMZ IPNJOJO MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS ăF QSPCMFN XJUI UIF NFUIPE QSPQPTFE JO UIFTF TUVEJFT JT UIF FYUSFNF SBSJUZ PG
DPNQMFUF đCVMBS EJBQIZTFT JO UIF FBSMZ IPNJOJO GPTTJM SFDPSE )PXFWFS EJTUBM đCVMBS GSBHNFOUT BSF QSFTFOU JO UIF GPTTJM SFDPSE *O
QBSUJDVMBS đWF EJTUBM đCVMBF PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT BGBSFTJT JF "- BU "- B "- C "- "- X
GSPN
UIF )BEBS SFHJPO PG &UIJPQJB BSF BWBJMBCMF 4FWFSBM NPSQIPMPHJDBM USBJUT JO UIF EJTUBM QBSU PG UIF đCVMB IBWF CFFO VTFE JO UIF QBTU UP
JOGFS MPDPNPUPSZ BEBQUBUJPOT BOE JO QBSUJDVMBS UIF EFHSFF PG BSCPSFBMJUZ JO GPTTJM IPNJOJOT <> )PXFWFS UIF EFTDSJQUJPOT PG UIFTF
USBJUT BSF PĕFO RVBMJUBUJUF *O UIJT QSFMJNJOBSZ SFTFBSDI BSUJDVMBS NFBTVSFNFOUT PG UIF EJTUBM đCVMB PG MJWJOH IPNJOJET 1POHP (PSJMMB
1BO BOE )PNP / BSF RVBOUJđFE #FTJEFT BSUJDVMBS BSFB BOE CSFBEUI PG UIF đCVMPUBMBS BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT JF QSPYJNBM BOE
EJTUBM
RVBOUJUBUJWF BOBMZTJT JT QSPWJEFE IFSF PG UIF BOHMFT GPSNFE CZ UIF đCVMPUBMBS BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT XJUI UIF MPOHJUVEJOBM BYJT
PG UIF đCVMB UIF BOHMF CFUXFFO UIF QSPYJNBM QPSUJPO PG UIF đCVMPUBMBS BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF BOE UIF TVCDVUBOFPVT USJBOHVMBS BSFB PG
UIF đCVMB XIJDI XBT IZQPUIFTJ[FE UP CF SFMBUFE UP UIF EFHSFF PG BSCPSFBMJUZ JO HSFBU BQFT 4UFSO BOE 4VTNBO 3FTVMUT TIPX
UIBU UIF NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG UIF EJTUBM đCVMB CFBS TJHOBMT DPSSFMBUFE XJUI EJĈFSFOU MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPST QBSUJDVMBSMZ
VTFGVM UP EJTUJOHVJTI CFUXFFO CJQFEBM BOE OPOCJQFEBM IPNJOJET ăF BQQMJDBUJPO PG UIJT NFUIPE UP UIF đWF EJTUBM "V "GBSFOTJT
đCVMBF BWBJMBCMF TIPXT IPX UIFTF NPSQIPMPHJDBM USBJUT DBO CF BEEFE UP UIF POFT OPSNBMMZ JOWFTUJHBUFE CZ QBMBFPBOUISPQPMPHJTUT UP
CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOE FBSMZ IPNJOJO MPDPNPUPSZ CFIBWJPS
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * XIJTI UP UIBOL #FSIOBSE ;JQGFM GPS HSBOUJOH BDDFTT UP UIF IJHI RVBMJUZ DBTUT PG UIF GPTTJM EJTUBM đCVMBF QSFTFOU
BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE BOE #SFOEPO #JMMJOHT GPS BDDFTT UP UIF IVNBO NBUFSJBM JO UIF %BSU $PMMFDUJPO 4DIPPM PG
"OBUPNJDBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE
3FGFSFODFT<> .BSDIJ % 3FMBUJWF TUSFOHUI PG UIF UJCJB BOE đCVMB BOE MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS JO IPNJOPJET + )VN &WPM <> .BSDIJ
% 4IBX $/ 7BSJBUJPO JO đCVMBS SPCVTUJDJUZ SFĔFDUT WBSJBUJPO JO NPCJMJUZ QBUUFSOT + )VN &WPM <> 4UFSO +S +5 4VTNBO 3-
ăF MPDPNPUPS BOBUPNZ PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT BGBSFOTJT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM 110
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B #JEJSFDUJPOBM HFOF ĔPX CFUXFFO $FOUSBM BOE &BTUFSO "GSJDB JO UIF &BSMZ )PMPDFOF BOE MPX HFOFUJD
JOQVU PG &BTU "GSJDBO NU%/" MJOFBHFT JOUP #BOUV QPQVMBUJPOT CFGPSF UIFJS FYQBOTJPO 4PVUI
4JMWB .BSJOB1 'BSJEB "MTIBNBMJ1,2 -VÎTB 1FSFJSB1,3 1FESP 4PBSFT1,4
*1"5*.61 *OTUJUVUF PG .PMFDVMBS 1BUIPMPHZ BOE *NNVOPMPHZ PG UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1PSUP
1PSUVHBM p (FOFSBM
%FQBSUNFOU PG 'PSFOTJD 4DJFODFT $SJNJOPMPHZ %VCBJ 1PMJDF ()2 %VCBJ 6OJUFE "SBC &NJSBUFT p %FQBSUNFOU PG
1BUIPMPHZ BOE 0ODPMPHZ 'BDVMUZ PG .FEJDJOF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1PSUP 1PSUVHBM p $#." $FOUSF PG .PMFDVMBS BOE
&OWJSPONFOUBM #JPMPHZ
%FQBSUNFOU PG #JPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG .JOIP #SBHB 1PSUVHBM
ăF #BOUV FYQBOTJPO IBE B NBKPS JNQBDU JO "GSJDB XJUI DPOTFRVFODFT CPUI BU DVMUVSBM BOE HFOFUJD MFWFMT *U TUBSUFE JO UIF SFHJPO
PG $BNFSPPO BOE /JHFSJB MFTT UIBO UIPVTBOE ZFBST BHP LB
<> BOE JU JT UIPVHIU UP IBWF UBLFO UXP NBJO SPVUFT JOUP 4PVUI
"GSJDB UISPVHIPVU UIF XFTU UISPVHI "OHPMB BSPVOE LB BOE UPXBSET UIF (SFBU -BLFT JO &BTU "GSJDB SFBDIJOH UIF SFHJPO
PG 6HBOEB BCPVU LB XIFSF UIFZ TUBZFE GPS B GFX IVOESFE ZFBST FYQBOEJOH MBUFS JOUP UIF TPVUI IBWJOH SFBDIFE .P[BNCJRVF
CZ LB <> ăF MBUUFS &BTUFSO SPVUF
JT PG QBSUJDVMBS JOUFSFTU UP TUVEZ QPUFOUJBM DSPTTJOHT CFUXFFO NJHSBOUT BOE MPDBM DFOUSBM
QPQVMBUJPOT EVSJOH UIF QFSJPE JO XIJDI UIF #BOUV QFPQMF XFSF TUBUJPOFE JO UIF (SFBU -BLFT SFHJPO 3FHBSEJOH - IBQMPHSPVQ EF
TQJUF JUT 8FTUFSO PSJHJO JU JT OPXBEBZT WFSZ GSFRVFOU BMTP JO &BTUFSO BOE 4PVUIFSO "GSJDB $POTJEFSJOH UIJT QBUUFSO - NPWFNFOUT
XFSF QPTUVMBUFE UP CF SFMBUFE UP UIF #BOUV FYQBOTJPO )PXFWFS B QSFWJPVT BOBMZTJT CBTFE PO )74* )ZQFSWBSJBCMF TFHNFOU *
PG NU%/" TIPXFE UIBU UIF FYQBOTJPO UP UIF &BTU NJHIU IBWF PDDVSSFE NVDI FBSMJFS EVSJOH UIF JNQSPWFNFOU PG FOWJSPONFOUBM
DPOEJUJPOT JO UIF FBSMZ )PMPDFOF BSPVOE UP LB
ăF QSFTFOU TUVEZ BJNT UP SFDPOTUSVDU UIF QIZMPHFOZ PG - IBQMPHSPVQ
JO PSEFS UP QSPWJEF JOTJHIUT PO UIF DPNQMFY OFU PG NJHSBUJPOT UIBU PDDVSSFE JO "GSJDB JO UIF MBTU UIPVTBOE ZFBST 8F TFRVFODFE
NJUPHFOPNFT SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG UIF IBQMPHSPVQ EJWFSTJUZ BDSPTT "GSJDB XJUI GPDVT PO &BTU "GSJDB
XIJDI XFSF DPNCJOFE XJUI
NPSF UIBO TFRVFODFT BWBJMBCMF JO POMJOF EBUBCBTFT 1IZMPHFOFUJD SFDPOTUSVDUJPO XBT QFSGPSNFE VTJOH QBSTJNPOZ NBYJNVN
MJLFMJIPPE BOE #BZFTJBO JOGFSFODF FNQMPZJOH EJĈFSFOU NPMFDVMBS DMPDLT JODMVEJOH B XIPMFHFOPNF DMPDL DPSSFDUFE GPS QVSJGZJOH
TFMFDUJPO BOE B TZOPOZNPVT DMPDL
<> 0VS QIZMPHFOFUJD BOBMZTJT PG DPNQMFUF NU%/" - TFRVFODFT JOEJDBUFT UIBU MJOFBHFT JO
4PVUIFSO "GSJDB EJĈFS GSPN UIF POFT JO &BTU "GSJDB BOE DMVTUFS EJSFDUMZ XJUI $FOUSBM8FTU "GSJDBO MJOFBHFT BU B SFDFOU UJNF TDBMF
0O UIF PUIFS IBOE MJOFBHFT JO UIF &BTU TFFN UP CF NVDI PMEFS TVHHFTUJOH UIBU - NPTU QSPCBCMZ BSSJWFE JO UIF &BTU FBSMJFS UIBO UIF
#BOUV FYQBOTJPO JO &BSMZ )PMPDFOF XIFO DMJNBUF DPOEJUJPOT JNQSPWFE BOE HFOF ĔPX BDSPTT $FOUSBM "GSJDB XBT QSPCBCMZ GSFRVFOU
<> ăF TBNF QBUUFSO JT PCTFSWFE JO IBQMPHSPVQ -B CVU JO BO PQQPTJUF EJSFDUJPO -B IBE JUT PSJHJO JO UIF &BTU CFJOH UPEBZ DPN
NPO JO UIF 4PVUI
BOE NPWFE UP $FOUSBM "GSJDB BMTP EVSJOH UIF JNQSPWFNFOU PG DMJNBUJD DPOEJUJPOT <> 4JNJMBSMZ TPVUI MJOFBHFT PG
-B EP OPU TFFN UP CF SFMBUFE XJUI UIPTF JO UIF &BTU ăFTF FWJEFODF UPHFUIFS XJUI UIF BCTFODF PG &BTUFSO UZQJDBM IBQMPHSPVQT -
- - -I -J
JO UIF 4PVUI TVHHFTU UIBU #BOUV QFSNBOFODF JO &BTU "GSJDB EJE OPU SFTVMU JO BENJYUVSF XJUI MPDBM QPQVMBUJPOT
BOE UIF QPQVMBUJPO UIBU NJHSBUFE 4PVUI IBE BMNPTU FOUJSFMZ BODFTUSZ JO B $FOUSBM "GSJDBO NU%/" HFOF QPPM 8F DPODMVEFE UIBU
UXP EJĈFSFOU JOEFQFOEFOU NBKPS FYQBOTJPOT XFSF BTTPDJBUFE UP IBQMPHSPVQ - BO JOJUJBM BOE NPSF BODJFOU NJHSBUJPO EVSJOH UIF
&BSMZ )PMPDFOF
BOE QPUFOUJBMMZ ESJWFO CZ DMJNBUJD JNQSPWFNFOU BSPVOE UP LB XIFO - MJOFBHFT BSSJWFE JO &BTU "GSJDB
BOE
NPSF SFDFOUMZ UIF #BOUV &YQBOTJPO UIBU UPPL - UPXBSET UIF 4PVUI
3FGFSFODFT<> /VSTF % 1IJMJQQTPO ( ăF #BOUV -BOHVBHFT 3PVUMFEHF -POEPO BOE /FX :PSL <> 4PBSFT 1 &SNJOJ - ăPNTPO /
.PSNJOB . 3JUP 5 3ÕIM " 4BMBT " 0QQFOIFJNFS 4 .BDBVMBZ 7 3JDIBSET .# $PSSFDUJOH GPS QVSJGZJOH TFMFDUJPO BO JNQSPWFE IVNBO
NJUPDIPOESJBM NPMFDVMBS DMPDL "N + )VN (FOFU m <> ,VQFS 3 $MJNBUF$POUSPMMFE )PMPDFOF 0DDVQBUJPO JO UIF 4BIBSB .PUPS PG
"GSJDBT &WPMVUJPO 4DJFODF m <> 3JUP 5 3JDIBSET .# 'FSOBOEFT 7 "MTIBNBMJ ' $FSOZ 7 1FSFJSB - 4PBSFT 1 ăF đSTU
NPEFSO IVNBO EJTQFSTBMT BDSPTT "GSJDB 1-P4 0OF F
111
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S *CFSPNBVSVTJBO 'VOFSBSZ 3JUVBMT $VMUVSBM "OE 4PDJBM "TQFDUT 0G ăF 5BGPSBMU 1PQVMBUJPO
7BMFOUJOB .BSJPUUJ1,2 4JMWBOB $POEFNJ2 .BSJB (JPWBOOB #FMDBTUSP3
-BCPSBUPSJP EJ #JPBSDIFPMPHJB FE 0TUFPMPHJB 'PSFOTF "OUSPQPMPHJB %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB &WPMV[JPOJTUJDB 4QFSJNFOUBMF
6OJWFSTJUÆ EJ #PMPHOB p "%&4 6.3 $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF MB .ÊEJUFSSBOÊF&'4 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF MB .ÊEJUFSSBOÊF p $FOUSP 4UVEJ F 3JDFSDIF &OSJDP 'FSNJ
ăF TUVEZ PG QSFIJTUPSJD GVOFSBSZ QSBDUJDFT VTVBMMZ SFMJFT PO UIF đFME EPDVNFOUBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UIF FYDBWBUJPO PG CVSJBM BSFBT 'PS
BODJFOU FYDBWBUJPOT TVDI EPDVNFOUBUJPO DBO CF BCTFOU PS VOBWBJMBCMF *U JT UIF DBTF PG UIF *CFSPNBVSVTJBO OFDSPQPMJT PG 5BGPSBMU
.PSPDDP DB $BM #1
UIBU XBT FYDBWBUFE CZ +FBO 3PDIF JO UIF T )JT PCTFSWBUJPOT SFHBSEJOH UIF QSFTFODF PG QBSUJD
VMBS TFQVMDISBM TUSVDUVSFT UIF QSFTFODF PG NPVĔPO IPSOT PS TLVMMT BOE UIF VTF PG PDISF UFTUJGZ UP DPNQMFY GVOFSBSZ QSBDUJDFT (JWFO
UIF BCTFODF PG EFUBJMFE FYDBWBUJPO SFDPSET UIF NPSUVBSZ CFIBWJPVS BU UIJT TJUF XBT JOWFTUJHBUFE JO QSFWJPVT XPSLT PO UIF CBTJT PG UIF
BOBMZTJT PG UIF IVNBO TLFMFUBM DPMMFDUJPO OBNFMZ UIF DPOUFOUT PG FBDI HSBWF SFDPOTUSVDUFE UISPVHI UIF *% OVNCFS PO CPOFT
BOE
UIF EJTUSJCVUJPO PG JOUFOUJPOBMMZ NPEJđFE TQFDJNFOT PDISFEZFJOH DVU NBSLT
ăF SFTVMUT TVHHFTUFE UIBU UIF CVSJBM BSFB JODMVEFE
QSJNBSZ BOE TFDPOEBSZ EFQPTJUJPOT FWFO XJUIJO UIF TBNF HSBWF PG BCPVU BEPMFTDFOUT BOE BEVMUT 5SFBUNFOU PG UIF DBEBWFS BOE
NBOJQVMBUJPO PG ESZ CPOFT XFSF BUUFTUFE BOE JOUFOUJPOBM QFSJ NPSUFN WJPMFODF BOE DBOOJCBMJTN DPVME CF IZQPUIFTJTFE FWFO JG OPU
QSPWFE .BSJPUUJ FU BM #FMDBTUSP FU BM /FX FYDBWBUJPO DBNQBJHOT XFSF DPOEVDUFE BU UIF 5BGPSBMU DBWF GSPN UP
BOE OFX CVSJBMT XFSF EJTDPWFSFE QSPWJEJOH UIF PQQPSUVOJUZ UP EPDVNFOU JO TJUV UIF GFBUVSFT PG UIFTF CVSJBMT )VNQISFZ
FU BM 3FDFOUMZ +FBO 3PDIF LJOEMZ NBEF BWBJMBCMF TPNF VOQVCMJTIFE EPDVNFOUT SFHBSEJOH UIF T FYDBWBUJPOT PG
UIF 5BGPSBMU OFDSPQPMJT ăFTF EPDVNFOUT JODMVEF QIPUPHSBQIT BOE QMPUT PG TPNF HSBWFT *O UIJT XPSL XF QSPWJEF B TZOUIFTJT PG UIF
GVOFSBSZ SJUVBMT PG 5BGPSBMU PO UIF CBTJT PG UIF XIPMF BWBJMBCMF EPDVNFOUBUJPO 8F BMTP USZ UP HMFBO JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU UIF TPDJFUZ
DVMUVSF BOE CFMJFG TZTUFNT PG UIF 5BGPSBMU *CFSPNBVSVTJBO HSPVQT ăJT TUVEZ IBT SFWFBMFE B DPNQMFY PG TUSVDUVSFE GVOFSBSZ SJUVBMT
QSPCBCMZ SFĔFDUJOH TQFDJđD DPODFQUJPOT PG MJGF BOE EFBUI BOE GVODUJPOBM UP UIF FTUBCMJTINFOU PG B TUSPOH HSPVQ JEFOUJUZ 8F GVSUIFS
QPTUVMBUF BO FWPMVUJPO PG DFSUBJO LJOET PG GVOFSBSZ CFIBWJPVS FH GSPN TJNQMF SFVTF PG HSBWFT XJUI BDDJEFOUBM CPOF EJTQFSTJPO UP
GPSNBM TFDPOEBSZ SJUVBMT
QSPCBCMZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI B QBSBMMFM FWPMVUJPO PG UIF DPODFQUJPOT BOE CFMJFGT UIBU KVTUJGZ UIFN PS TJNQMZ
JO SFMBUJPO UP EJĈFSFOU TPDJBM OFFET 8F QSPQPTF UIBU EFBUI CFDBNF B SFDPHOJ[FE TPDJBM DPOEJUJPO BOE UIF GVOFSBSZ SJUFT CFDBNF
USVF SJUFT PG QBTTBHF OFDFTTBSZ UP BDDPNQBOZ UIF USBOTJUJPO PG JOEJWJEVBMT UP UIFJS OFX TPDJBM TUBUVT
3FGFSFODFT<> #FMDBTUSP .( $POEFNJ 4 .BSJPUUJ 7 'VOFSBSZ QSBDUJDFT PG UIF *CFSPNBVSVTJBO QPQVMBUJPO PG 5BGPSBMU 5BGPVHIBMU .PSPDDP
#1
UIF DBTF PG HSBWF 9** + )VN &WPM <> .BSJPUUJ 7 #POđHMJPMJ # 'BDDIJOJ ' $POEFNJ 4 #FMDBTUSP .( 'VOFSBSZ
QSBDUJDFT PG UIF *CFSPNBVSVTJBO QPQVMBUJPO PG 5BGPSBMU 5BGPVHIBMU
.PSPDDP #1
OFX IZQPUIFTFT CBTFE PO B HSBWF CZ HSBWF TLFMFUBM
JOWFOUPSZ BOE FWJEFODF PG EFMJCFSBUF IVNBO NPEJđDBUJPO PG UIF SFNBJOT + )VN &WPM <> )VNQISFZ - #FMMP 4. 5VSOFS & #PV[PVHHBS
" #BSUPO / *CFSPNBVSVTJBO GVOFSBSZ CFIBWJPVS &WJEFODF GSPN (SPUUF EFT 1JHFPOT 5BGPSBMU .PSPDDP + )VN &WPM <> )VNQISFZ
- %F (SPPUF * .PSBMFT + #BSUPO / $PMMDVUU 4 #SPOL 3BNTFZ $ #PV[PVHHBS " &BSMJFTU FWJEFODF GPS DBSJFT BOE FYQMPJUBUJPO PG TUBSDIZ QMBOU
GPPET JO 1MFJTUPDFOF IVOUFSHBUIFSFST GSPN .PSPDDP 1/"4 EPJ QOBT
112
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B ăF QPTUOBUBM POUPHFOZ PG OFVSPWBTDVMBS WFSTVT NVTDVMPTLFMFUBM MBOENBSLT PO UIF DSBOJBM CBTF PG
NPEFSO IVNBOT BOE DIJNQBO[FFT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT
4BOESB " .BSUFMMJ1 . $ISJTUPQIFS %FBO1
%FQBSUNFOU PG $FMM BOE %FWFMPQNFOUBM #JPMPHZ 6$- -POEPO 6,
,JNCFM FU BM <> IBWF OPUFE UIBU SFMBUJWF CJDBSPUJE DBOBM XJEUI JO IVNBOT "SEJQJUIFDVT BOE BVTUSBMPQJUIT EJĈFST GVOEBNFOUBMMZ GSPN
UIBU PG DIJNQBO[FFT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT
8F VTFE BO BHFE HSPXUI TFSJFT PG DIJNQT BOE IVNBOT UP QFSGPSN B % HFPNFUSJD
NPSQIPNFUSJD BOE TUBUJTUJDBM DPNQBSJTPO 1SJODJQBM $PNQPOFOUT "OBMZTJT 1FSNVUBUJPO UFTUT BOE %JTDSJNJOBOU 'VODUJPO "OBMZ
TJT
UP BTL XIFUIFS UIF TBNF EJĈFSFODFT FYJTU CFUXFFO PUIFS OFVSPWBTDVMBS MBOENBSLT PO UIF DSBOJBM CBTF GPSBNFO NBHOVN BOE
TUZMPNBTUPJE GPSBNFO
JO NPEFSO IVNBOT BOE 1BO 8F UIFO BTLFE BU XIBU BHF BĕFS CJSUI UIJT DMFBS QBUUFSO PG SFMBUJWF CJDBSPUJE
DBOBM XJEUI CFDPNFT FTUBCMJTIFE JO FBDI BOE IPX JU DIBOHFT EVSJOH HSPXUI XJUI SFTQFDU UP UIFTF PUIFS OFVSPWBTDVMBS MBOENBSLT *O
CPUI IVNBO BOE 1BO OFPOBUFT UIF MBOENBSLT EFOPUJOH UIF TUZMPNBTUPJE GPSBNJOB DBSPUJE DBOBMT BOE GPSBNFO NBHOVN PVUMJOF
BMM MJF JO UIF TBNF IPSJ[POUBM QMBOF ăF POMZ EJĈFSFODF JO OFPOBUFT JT UIBU UIF BOUFSJPS NBSHJO PG UIF GPSBNFO NBHOVN JT BMSFBEZ
QPTJUJPOFE SFMBUJWFMZ QPTUFSJPS UP UIF QMBOF PG UIF DBSPUJE DBOBMT JO 1BO %VSJOH QPTUOBUBM POUPHFOZ CPUI IVNBOT BOE 1BO TIPX B
TJNJMBS FBSMZ HSPXUI QBUUFSO CVU IVNBOT BSF EJTUJOHVJTIFE CZ BO FYUFOEFE HSPXUI USBKFDUPSZ *O OPSNB MBUFSBMJT JO CPUI UBYB UIF
BOUFSJPS NBSHJO PG UIF GPSBNFO NBHOVN SPUBUFT TUSPOHMZ JOGFSJPSMZ SFMBUJWF UP UIF QMBOF PG UIF DBSPUJE DBOBMT UJQQJOH UIF GPSBNFO
NBHOVN JOUP B QPTUFSJPSJOGFSJPS PSJFOUBUJPO SFMBUJWF UP UIBU JO OFPOBUFT )PXFWFS UIF SFMBUJWF BOUFSPQPTUFSJPS QPTJUJPO PG UIF
BOUFSJPS NBSHJO PG UIF GPSBNFO NBHOVN SFNBJOT đYFE XJUI SFTQFDU UP UIF QMBOF PG CPUI UIF DBSPUJE DBOBMT BOE UIF TUZMPNBTUPJE
GPSBNJOB *O OPSNB CBTBMJT UIF BOUFSJPS QPTJUJPO PG UIF GPSBNFO NBHOVN JT BMSFBEZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI B SFMBUJWFMZ HSFBUFS XJEUI CF
UXFFO UIF DBSPUJE DBOBMT JO IVNBO OFPOBUFT ăJT EJĈFSFODF CFUXFFO 1BO BOE IVNBOT JT CPUI FTUBCMJTIFE BU CJSUI BOE SFNBJOT
TUBCMF UISPVHIPVU UIF XIPMF PG QPTUOBUBM POUPHFOZ BOE TFFNT NPTU MJLFMZ SFMBUFE UP BEVMU QPTUVSF 8IFO PUIFS NVTDVMPTLFMF
UBM MBOENBSLT SFQSFTFOUJOH UIF NBTUPJE QSPDFTTFT NBOEJCVMBS DPOEZMFT PDDJQJUBM DPOEZMFT BOE MPOHVT DBQJUJT NVTDMFT
BSF BEEFE
UP UIJT TUBCMF OFVSPWBTDVMBS CBTF FBDI PG UIFN DBO CF TFFO UP NJHSBUF NBSLFEMZ JO EJĈFSFOU XBZT SFMBUJWF UP UIF NPSF TUBCMF OFV
SPWBTDVMBS TUSVDUVSFT ăF NBOEJCVMBS DPOEZMFT B QSPYZ GPS UIF 5.+ QPTJUJPO BU UIF TLVMM CBTF
BSF JOJUJBMMZ QPTJUJPOFE SFMBUJWFMZ
BOUFSJPSMZ JO 1BO BOE IVNBO OFPOBUFT CVU UIFO NJHSBUF QPTUFSJPSMZ JO CPUI UISPVHIPVU HSPXUI DPNJOH UP MJF JO UIF TBNF DPSPOBM
QMBOF BT UIF DBSPUJE DBOBMT -POHVT DBQJUJT NVTDMF NBSLJOHT CFHJO JO UIF TBNF DPSPOBM QMBOF BT UIF DBSPUJE DBOBMT JO CPUI IVNBO BOE
1BO OFPOBUFT BOE SFNBJO UIJT XBZ JO IVNBOT EVSJOH QPTUOBUBM HSPXUI *O 1BO IPXFWFS UIFZ FYUFOE BOUFSJPSMZ BT UIF CBTJPDDJQJUBM
MFOHUIFOT EVSJOH QPTUOBUBM POUPHFOZ *O CPUI 1BO BOE IVNBOT UIF NBTUPJE QSPDFTT ESPQT UP B MPXFS MFWFM BOE NJHSBUFT MBUFSBMMZ
UPHFUIFS XJUI QPSJPO XJUI SFTQFDU UP UIF NPSF NFEJBM OFVSPWBTDVMBS TUSVDUVSFT 8F DPODMVEF UIBU EFTQJUF DPOTJEFSBCMF QPTUOBUBM
NJHSBUJPO PG NVTDVMPTLFMFUBM TUSVDUVSFT JOWPMWFE JO NBTUJDBUJPO BOE CBMBODF PG UIF IFBE JO IVNBOT BOE 1BO B TUBCMF QBUUFSO PG
OFVSPWBTDVMBS TUSVDUVSFT XJUIJO UIF DSBOJBM CBTF CFDPNFT FTUBCMJTIFE BU BOE CFGPSF CJSUI 8JUI UIF FYDFQUJPO PG GPSBNFO NBHOVN
PSJFOUBUJPO UIJT OFVSPWBTDVMBS MBZPVU SFNBJOT TUBCMF UISPVHIPVU UIF XIPMF PG QPTUOBUBM POUPHFOZ 6TJOH UIF CJDBSPUJE SBUIFS UIBO
UIF CJQPSJPO QMBOF NBZ CF NPSF TUBCMF GPS KVEHJOH UIF BOUFSPQPTUFSJPS QPTJUJPO PG UIF GPSBNFO NBHOVN ăF QBUUFSO PG SFMBUJWF
CJDBSPUJE DBOBM XJEUI PCTFSWFE JO BEVMUT CZ ,JNCMF FU BM <> JT MJLFMZ UP CF B SFĔFDUJPO PG WFSZ FBSMZ BOUFSJPS PS QPTUFSJPS QPTJUJPOJOH
PG UIF GPSBNFO NBHOVN SFMBUJWF UP PUIFS DSBOJBM CBTF TUSVDUVSFT *U NBZ BMTP SFĔFDU QSFOBUBM HSPXUI QSPDFTTFT PG UIF CSBJO BOE TQJOBM
DPSE BOE UIF FBSMZ FTUBCMJTINFOU PG DFSFCSBM WBTDVMBS QBUUFSOT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL $&1 ;PMMJLPGFS BOE . 1PODF EF -FPO ' 4QPPS 1 0)JHHJOT 5 /JTIJNVSB BOE UIF %JHJUBM
.PSQIPMPHZ .VTFVN BU UIF 1SJNBUF 3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF ,ZPUP 6OJWFSTJUZ GPS BDDFTT UP DPNQBSBUJWF DIJNQBO[FF NBUFSJBM JO UIFJS
DBSF BOE + )PEMFS BOE IJT UFBN BU PSUIPQBFEJD 6OJWFSTJUZ IPTQJUBM ;VSJDI GPS $5 TDBO BDDFTT BOE TVQQPSU 8F BSF BMTP WFSZ HSBUFGVM
UP 'SÊEÊSJD 3JDIBSE 4 #MBV BOE 7*'. .POBTI 6OJWFSTJUZ .FMCPVSOF GPS QSPWJEJOH UIF IVNBO $5 TDBO EBUB TFU 0VS UIBOLT BMTP
HP UP .ZSJBN -FPO GPS BTTJTUJOH JO EBUB QSPDFTTJOH
113
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 3FEJTDPWFSJOH BOE SFJOUFSQSFUJOH PME EBUB GSPN UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPMMFDUJPOT PG UIF 1PSUVHVFTF
4DJFOUJđD .JTTJPOT JO 4PVUIXFTUFSO "OHPMB
%BOJFMB .BUPT1 "OB $SJTUJOB .BSUJOT2 "OB (PEJOIP2 *OËT 1JOUP2
'$)4 6OJWFSTJEBEF EP "MHBSWF $BNQVT EF (BNCFMBT 'BSP p **$5 *OTUJUVUP EF *OWFTUJHBÉÈP $JFOUÎđDB 5SPQJDBM -JTCPB
"GSJDB IBT CFDPNF B NBKPS GPDVT PO UIF EFCBUF PG UIF FNFSHFODF PG NPEFSO IVNBO CFIBWJPS BOE SJTF PG BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO
IVNBOT EVF UP JODSFBTJOH EBUB PO FBSMZ .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF TJUFT JO TPVUIFSO "GSJDBO UFSSJUPSJFT )PXFWFS WFSZ MJUUMF JT TUJMM LOPXO
BCPVU UIF QSFIJTUPSJD PDDVQBUJPO PG "OHPMB SFNBJOJOH BT BO JNQPSUBOU HBQ JO UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE ăF 5SPQJDBM 3FTFBSDI
*OTUJUVUF **$5
JO 1PSUVHBM IPMET BO JNQPSUBOU USPQJDBM SFQFSUPJSF SFTVMUJOH GSPN JOUFOTF đFMEXPSL EVSJOH UIF 4DJFOUJđD .JTTJPOT
JO NJEUI DFOUVSZ ăF GPSNFS /BUJPOBM #PBSE GPS (FPHSBQIJDBM .JTTJPOT BOE $PMPOJBM 3FTFBSDI +*6
MFĕ B MBSHF DPMMFDUJPO PG
BTTFNCMBHFT XJUI MJUIJD NBUFSJBMT GBVOBM SFNBJOT BOE TFEJNFOUT CVU BMTP HFPHSBQIJDBM BOE BOUISPQPMPHJDBM EPDVNFOUT NBQQJOH
SFHJPOT PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QPUFOUJBM DPSSFMBUJOH XJUI BSUJGBDUT GSPN TVSWFZ BOE FYDBWBUJPO *O UIJT QPTUFS XF QSFTFOU UIF QSFMJNJOBSZ
SFTVMUT PG BO POHPJOH XPSL PG JOWFOUPSZ BOE BOBMZTJT PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPMMFDUJPOT JO UIF **$5 ăF DBUBMPHJOH PG UIF BSUJGBDUT IBT
SFTVMUFE JO BO EBUBCBTF DBMMFE .BUSJ[ UIBU BJNT UP QVCMJTI POMJOF UIF UPUBM DPMMFDUJPO PG BSUJGBDUT GSPN B IVOESFE BSDIBFP
MPHJDBM TJUFT JO "OHPMBO GSPOUJFST NPTUMZ GSPN UIF 4PVUIXFTUFSO SFHJPO ăF (*4 NBQQJOH PG UIF &4" BOE .4" TJUFT TVSWFZFE BOE
FYDBWBUFE CZ UIF NFNCFST PG +*6T UFBN JO "OHPMB IBT QSPWJEFE BO PWFSWJFX PG UIF TQBUJBM EJTQFSTJPO PG IVOUFSHBUIFSFST TJUFT JO
UIJT TVCUSPQJDBM BSFB ăF TZTUFNBUJD BOBMZTJT PG UIF BTTFNCMBHFT JT TUJMM B XPSL JO QSPHSFTT CVU POF PG UIF TJUFT GSPN UIF )VNQBUB
1MBUFBV IBT BMSFBEZ PĈFSFE JNQPSUBOU EBUB GPS UIJT DVMUVSBM GSBNFXPSL 0VS BQQSPBDI XBT đSTU CBTFE PO BUUSJCVUF BOBMZTJT BOE UZ
QPMPHJDBM DMBTTJđDBUJPO PG UIF MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHF PG -FCB $BWF JO UIF QSPWJODF PG )VÎMB ăF TJUF XBT FYDBWBUFE JO UIF T EVSJOH
UIF "OUISPQPCJPMPHJDBM .JTTJPO PG "OHPMB CZ UIF HFPMPHJTUEFMFHBUF $BNBSBUF 'SBOÉB ăF BVUIPS SFQPSUFE B TFRVFODF PG UISFF
BSDIBFPMPHJDBM IPSJ[POT XJUI GBVOBM SFNBJOT BOE MJUIJD BSUJGBDUT UIBU SFNBJOFE TDBSDFMZ TUVEJFE BOE VOQVCMJTIFE ăF UFDIOPMPH
JDBM BOE UZQPMPHJDBM BOBMZTFT PG UIF MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ BMMPXFE UP TFU PVU B DISPOPMPHJDBM BOE DVMUVSBM TFRVFODF PG UISFF TUBHFT PG UIF
.JEEMF 4UPOF "HF CBTFE PO QBUUFSOT PG WBSJBCJMJUZ JO TUPOF UPPM QSPEVDUJPO SBX NBUFSJBM QSPDVSFNFOU BOE SFEVDUJPO TFRVFODFT
ăFSF BSF EJTDSFUF QBUUFSOT PG DIBOHF JO SBX NBUFSJBM NBOBHFNFOU TJ[F ĔBLJOH UFDIOJRVFT BOE UPPM UZQFT UIBU DPSSFMBUF UP EJĈFSFOU
QIBTFT PG EFQPTJUJPO UIBU NBZ SBOHF GSPN UIF đOBM &BSMZ 4UPOF "HF MBZFS 7*
UP B MBUUFS PDDVQBUJPO PG UIF -BUF 4UPOF "HF MBZFS
***
*O CFUXFFO MBZFS *7 IBT UIF IJHIFTU QFSDFOUBHF PG FMFNFOUT NPTUMZ ĔBLFT BOE OPOSFUPVDIFE MJUIJD QPJOUT XJUI FWJEFODFT PG
IBĕJOH QVSQPTFT 4VDI DIBJOT PG NBOVGBDUVSF BOE VTF PG TUPOFUJQQFE TQFBST GPS DPNQPTJUF UPPMT EFNPOTUSBUF B OFX MFWFM PG DPH
OJUJWF BOE CFIBWJPSBM DPNQMFYJUZ UIBU DPNNPOMZ JT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI UIF .4" "MTP B CPOF UPPM XBT JEFOUJđFE BOE BOBMZ[FE HJWJOH
BOPUIFS QPJOU PG JOUFSFTU JO UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ EFCBUF ăF HSFBU BNPVOU PG GBVOBM SFNBJOT GSPN MBZFST *7 BOE *** BMMPXFE TBNQMJOH
GPS DISPOPNFUSJD EBUJOH GSPN XIJDI QSFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT VOEFSQJO BO FBSMZ .4" PDDVQBUJPO PG -FCB $BWF DPNQBSBCMF XJUI UIF
TJUFT PG 4PVUI "GSJDB UIBU DVSSFOUMZ IBWF UIF FBSMJFTU EBUFT GPS UIF QBDL PG NPEFSO IVNBO CFIBWJPS
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI JT CFJOH TVQQPSUFE CZ HSBOU GSPN 'VOEBÉÈP QBSB B $JËODJB F 5FDOPMPHJB 15%$ *7$)'$
i130.&.*$* 1SPUBHPOJTUBT F NFNÓSJBT EBT ANJTT×FT DJFOUÎđDBTA "SRVFPMPHJB F BHFOEB DPMPOJBM QPSUVHVFTBu ăBOLT
BSF BMTP EVF UP /VOP #JDIP $VSUJT .D,JOOFZ F .BSJOB WPSB
114
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 7BTDVMBS TZTUFN EFWFMPQNFOU PG TNBMM UVCVMBS CPOFT PG /FBOEFSUIBMT GSPN "MUBJ DBWFT
.BSJB .FEOJLPWB1 .BSJB %PCSPWPMTLBZB1
*OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 3VTTJB
4PVUIFSO 4JCFSJB JT B VOJRVF QMBDF GPS TUVEZ PG GPTTJM NBO ăF SBQJE QSPHSFTT PG HFOPNF EFDPEJOH UFDIOJRVFT IBT DVMNJOBUFE JO
UIF TFRVFODJOH PG NJUPDIPOESJBM BOE OVDMFBS %/" PG TFWFSBM GPTTJM IPNJOJOT PG EJĈFSFOU PSJHJO GSPN $FOUSBM "TJB DBSSJFE PVU BU
UIF .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ JO -FJQ[JH < > &YDBWBUFE JO %FOJTPWB $BWF HJSMT QJOLJF CPOF BEEFE
B OFX FWPMVUJPOBSZ CSBODI CVU JU XBT SFDFOUMZ TIPXO UIBU CFGPSF %FOJTPWBO QSFTFODF UIF TBNF DBWF DPVME CF B TBODUVBSZ GPS /F
BOEFSUIBMT /FBOEFSUIBM NJHSBUJPO UP 4PVUIFSO 4JCFSJB XBT EFUFDUFE CZ BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QBMBFPHFOFUJD BOE BOUISPQPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT
5PEBZ UIFJS TLFMFUBM SFNBJOT PG GSBHNFOUBSZ QSFTFSWBUJPO BSF FTUJNBUFE JO UISFF DBWFT PG IJHIMBOE "MUBJ TVCEJWJEFE CZ IVOESFET PG
LJMPNFUFST .PEFSO SBEJPMPHJDBM BOE NJDSPTDPQJD UFDIOJRVFT PĈFS EFFQFS JOTJHIU JOUP UIF TLFMFUBM EFWFMPQNFOU PG GPTTJM BOE FYUBOU
NFNCFST PG UIF HFOVT )PNP BOE FOBCMF SFTFBSDIFST UP XPSL XJUI TNBMM CPOFT BOE CPOZ GSBHNFOUT &BSMJFS VTJOH NJDSGPDVT 9SBZ
XF USJFE UP EJĈFSFOUJBUF CFUXFFO iBSDIBJDu BOE iNPEFSOu TBNQMFT JO EFHSFF PG USBCFDVMBS TZTUFN EFWFMPQNFOU BOE NJOFSBM EFOTJUZ
<> ăFO XF IBWF VTFE UIF OPOEFTUSVDUJWF NFUIPE PG NJDSP DPNQVUFSJ[FE UPNPHSBQIZ GPS B DPNQBSBUJWF IJTUPMPHJDBM BTTFTTNFOU PG
UIF %FOJTPWB HJSMT CJPMPHJDBM BHF <> *O UIJT DBTF NBOVBM QIBMBOHFT PG BEVMU /FBOEFSUIBMT GSPN EJĈFSFOU "MUBJ DBWFT 0LMBEOJLPW
$IBHZSTLBZB %FOJTPWB
XFSF TUVEJFE $PNQBSBUJWF EBUB XFSF UBLFO CZ UIF TDBOOJOH PG CPOFT PG BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO IVNBOT GSPN
4VOHIJS BOE .BSLJOB (PSB % BOE % NBHOJđFE SFDPOTUSVDUJPOT BSF BOBMZ[FE BOE B DPNQBSBUJWF IJTUPMPHJDBM BTTFTTNFOUT PG UIF
NJDSPTUSVDUVSBM GFBUVSFT PG CPOFT BSF NBEF ăF WPMVNFUSJD 9SBZ NJDSPTDPQZ XF VTFE JT B OPOEFTUSVDUJWF UFDIOJRVF PG FWBMVBUJPO
PG WBTDVMBS OFU EFOTJUZ JO DPNQBDU CPOF XIJDI JT BO JNQPSUBOU BEWBOUBHF HJWFO UIF VOJRVFOFTT BOE UIF GSBHNFOUBSZ OBUVSF PG đOET
ăF NFUIPE HJWFT FWJEFODF GPS SFMBUJWFMZ IJHI NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBCJMJUZ PG EFWFMPQNFOU PG WBTDVMBS TZTUFN PG BEVMU /FBOEFSUIBMT
JOIBCJUFE 0LMBEOJLPW $IBHZSTLBZB BOE %FOJTPWB $BWFT ăF SFTVMUT DBO CF JOUFSQSFUFE GSPN EJĈFSFOU QPJOUT JODMVEJOH PDDVQB
UJPOBM PS HFOFUJD EJĈFSFODFT ăF TUVEZ XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ 3'#3 HSBOU PđN "DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT "VUIPST BSF EFFQMZ HSBUFGVM UP "1 %FSFWJBOLP BOE .7 4IVOLPW 47.BSLJO XIP HSBOUFE BDDFTT UP UIF
"MUBJ GPTTJMT 0VS UIBOLT BSF EVF UP 54#BMVFWB GPS UIF PQQPSUVOJUZ UP TUVEZ UIF 4VOHIJS TLFMFUPO UP 7* ,IBSUBOPWJDI GPS UIF
PQQPSUVOJUZ UP TUVEZ TLFMFUPO .BSLJOB (PSB ,PTUFOLJ 3FGFSFODFT<> ,SBVTF + 0SMBOEP - 4FSSF % 7JPMB # 1VGFS , 3JDIBSET .1 )VCMJO ++ )BOOJ $ %FSFWJBOLP "1 1ÅÅCP 4 /FBOEFSUIBMT
JO DFOUSBM "TJB BOE 4JCFSJB /BUVSF m <> ,SBVTF + 'V 2 (PPE +. 7JPMB # 4IVOLPW .7 %FSFWJBOLP "1 1ÅÅCP 4 ăF
DPNQMFUF NJUPDIPOESJBM %/" HFOPNF PG BO VOLOPXO IPNJOJO GSPN TPVUIFSO 4JCFSJB /BUVSF m <> 1SVGFS , 3BDJNP ' 1BUUFSTPO / +BZ
' 4BOLBSBSBNBO 4 4BXZFS 4 )FJO[F " 3FOBVE ( 4VENBOU 1) EF 'JMJQQP $ -J ) .BMMJDL 4 %BOOFNBOO . 'V 2 ,JSDIFS . ,VIMXJMN .
-BDINBOO . .FZFS . 0OHZFSUI . 4JFCBVFS . ăFVOFSU $I 5BOEPO " .PPSKBOJ 1 1JDLSFMM + .VMMJLJO +$ 7PIS 4) (SFFO 3& )FMMNBOO
* +PIOTPO 1I #MBODIF ) $BOO ) ,JU[NBO +0 4IFOEVSF + &JDIMFS && -FJO &4 #BLLFO 5& (PMPWBOPWB -7 %PSPOJDIFW 7# 4IVOLPW .7
%FSFWJBOLP "1 7JPMB # 4MBULJO . 3FJDI % ,FMTP + 1BBCP 4 ăF DPNQMFUF HFOPNF TFRVFODF PG B /FBOEFSUIBM GSPN UIF "MUBJ .PVOUBJOT /BUVSF
m m EPJOBUVSF <> .FEOJLPWB . 1PUSBLIPW / #FTTPOPW 7 %JĈFSFOUJBUJOH CFUXFFO BSDIBJD BOE BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO
NPSQIPMPHZ FWJEFODF CZ NJDSPGPDVT 9SBZ VTF "CTUSBDUT PG .FFUJOH PG &VSPQFBO 4PDJFUZ PG UIF 4UVEZ PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO #PSEFBVY 4FQUFNCFS Q <> .FEOJLPWB .# %PCSPWPMTLBZB .7 7JPMB # -BWSFOZVL "7 ,B[BOTLZ 13 4ILMPWFS 7: 4IVOLPW .7 %FSFWJBOLP
"1 " NJDSP DPNQVUFSJ[FE UPNPHSBQIZ 9SBZ NJDSPTDPQZ
PG UIF IBOE QIBMBOY PG UIF %FOJTPWB HJSM "SDIBFPMPHZ &UIOPHSBQIZ BOE
"OUISPQPMPHZ PG &VSBTJB 115
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B ăF EJTUSJCVUJPO PG BVUIJHFOJD NJOFSBMT JO UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF EFQPTJUT PG 4JCVEV 4PVUI "GSJDB
BOE
JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS UIF QSFTFSWBUJPO PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM GFBUVSFT
4VTBO . .FOU[FS1,2 $ISJTUPQIFS & .JMMFS1 1FUFS ,MPPT1 -ZO 8BEMFZ3 /JDIPMBT + $POBSE1
*OTUJUVUF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO p 4DIPPM PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SJ[POB p *OTUJUVUF
GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE
"T QBSU PG B CSPBEFS HFPBSDIBFPMPHJDBM QSPKFDU BU UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF TJUF PG 4JCVEV ,XB;VMV/BUBM 4PVUI "GSJDB
XF DPO
EVDUFE B NJOFSBMPHJDBM TUVEZ JO PSEFS UP SFDPOTUSVDU UIF JNQBDUT PG TFEJNFOU DIFNJTUSZ BOE SPDLTIFMUFS NJDSPFOWJSPONFOUT PO UIF
QSFTFSWBUJPO BOE EJTUSJCVUJPO PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM NBUFSJBMT BOE GFBUVSFT %VSJOH UIF FYDBWBUJPO TFBTPO XF DPMMFDUFE BOE BOB
MZ[FE NPSF UIBO TFEJNFOU TBNQMFT JO UIF đFME VTJOH B QPSUBCMF 'PVSJFS USBOTGPSN JOGSBSFE TQFDUSPNFUFS '5*3
ăF POTJUF
BOBMZTFT ZJFMEFE JOEJWJEVBM TQFDUSB XIJDI XFSF QBJSFE XJUI UISFF EJNFOTJPOBM DPPSEJOBUFT DPMMFDUFE VTJOH B 5PUBM 4UBUJPO 8F
JEFOUJđFE BU MFBTU EJTUJODUJWF QSJNBSZ BOE TFDPOEBSZ NJOFSBM QIBTFT BOE QMPUUFE UIFJS EJTUSJCVUJPOT PO UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QSP
đMFT 4VQQMFNFOUBM BOBMZTFT DPOEVDUFE JO B MBCPSBUPSZ TFUUJOH JODMVEF NJDSP'5*3 BOBMZTFT PO UIJO TFDUJPOT BOE SFTJOJNQSFHOBUFE
CMPDLT BOE YSBZ EJĈSBDUJPO ăF SFTVMUT GPS UISFF NBJO QSPđMFT BOE B MJNJUFE TBNQMF PG B GPVSUI JOEJDBUF UIBU UIF EJTUSJCVUJPOT PG
QSJNBSZ BOE TFDPOEBSZ NJOFSBM QIBTFT BSF WFSUJDBMMZ BOE IPSJ[POUBMMZ WBSJBCMF 1SJNBSZ NJOFSBMT UIBU XF JEFOUJđFE JO UIF TFRVFODF
JODMVEF DBMDJUF PQBM RVBSU[ GFMETQBS NJDB NJOFSBMT BOE LBPMJOJUF "T 4JCVEV JT B TBOETUPOF TIFMUFS UIF QSJNBSZ TPVSDF GPS DBMDJUF
UP UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM EFQPTJUT JT XPPE BTIFT -JLFXJTF CFEEJOH MBZFST QSPWJEF POF TPVSDF PG PQBM ăFTF PCTFSWBUJPOT BSF TVQQPSUFE
CZ QSFWJPVT NJDSPNPSQIPMPHJDBM BOBMZTFT PG CPUI DPNCVTUJPO GFBUVSFT BOE CFEEJOH <><> 0VS '5*3 BOBMZTFT JOEJDBUF UIBU DBMDJUF
JT DPOTJTUFOUMZ QSFTFOU JO UIF VQQFSNPTU DN PG UIF EFQPTJUT XIJMF PQBM JT QSFTFOU UISPVHIPVU 4VMGBUF NJOFSBMT TVDI BT HZQTVN
BSF BCVOEBOU XJUIJO UIF VQQFS QPSUJPOT TJUF XIFSF UIFZ WBSJBCMZ BQQFBS JO UIF GPSN PG MBSHF OPEVMFT BOE DFNFOUT *O BEEJUJPO UIF
MBUFSBM EJTUSJCVUJPO PG TVMGBUF NJOFSBMT BQQFBST UP DPSSFMBUF XJUI QSPYJNJUZ PG UIF EFQPTJUT UP UIF CFESPDL XBMM 4FDPOEBSZ QIPT
QIBUF NJOFSBMT JO UIF GPSN PG DSVTUT BOE OPEVMFT JODMVEF NFNCFST PG UIF BQBUJUF BOE XIJUMPDLJUF HSPVQT BT XFMM BT CSVTIJUF BOE
UBSBOBLJUF 0VS SFTVMUT TVHHFTU B NPSF DPNQMJDBUFE IJTUPSZ PG EJBHFOFTJT BU UIF TJUF UIBO UIF POF QSFTFOUFE JO QSFWJPVT XPSLT CZ
4DIJFHM BOE DPMMFBHVFT <><> 'VSUIFSNPSF UIF EJTUSJCVUJPOT PG DBMDJUF BOE QIPTQIBUF NJOFSBMT BSF JOEJDBUJWF PG EJTTPMVUJPO BOE
QIPTQIBUJ[BUJPO PG BTI TPVSDFE GSPN DPNCVTUJPO GFBUVSFT 'JOBMMZ PQBM JO UIF GPSN PG QSJNBSZ QIZUPMJUIT BOE TFDPOEBSZ OPEVMFT
UIF MBUUFS JO BTTPDJBUJPO XJUI PUIFS FOETUBHF EJBHFOFUJD QIBTFT BSF TVHHFTUJWF PG WBSJBCJMJUZ JO UIF QSFTFSWBUJPO PG CFEEJOH MBZFST BU
UIF TJUF
3FGFSFODFT<> (PMECFSH 1 .JMMFS $ & 4DIJFHM 4 -JHPVJT # #FSOB ' $POBSE / + 8BEMFZ - #FEEJOH IFBSUIT BOE TJUF NBJOUFOBODF JO
UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF BHF PG 4JCVEV DBWF ,XB;VMV/BUBM 4PVUI "GSJDB "SDIBFPMPHJDBM BOE "OUISPQPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT QQ <> 8BEMFZ - 4JFWFST
$ #BNGPSE . (PMECFSH 1 #FSOB ' .JMMFS $ .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF CFEEJOH DPOTUSVDUJPO BOE TFUUMFNFOU QBUUFSOT BU 4JCVEV 4PVUI "GSJDB
4DJFODF QQ <> 4DIJFHM 4 $POBSE / + ăF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF TFEJNFOUT BU 4JCVEV SFTVMUT GSPN '5*3 TQFDUSPTDPQZ BOE
NJDSPTDPQJD BOBMZTFT 4PVUIFSO "GSJDBO )VNBOJUJFT QQ <> 4DIJFHM 4 4UPDLIBNNFS 1 4DPUU $ 8BEMFZ - " NJOFSBMPHJDBM BOE
QIZUPMJUI TUVEZ PG UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF IFBSUIT JO 4JCVEV $BWF ,XB;VMV/BUBM 4PVUI "GSJDB 4JCVEV $BWF 4PVUI "GSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 4DJFODF QQ
116
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S 4QJOBM TUFOPTJT JO )PNP FSFDUVT
.BSD .FZFS1 .BSUJO )BFVTMFS2
%FQU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ $IBĈFZ $PMMFHF $" 64" p $FOUSF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ .FEJDJOF 6OJWFSTJUÅU ;ÛSJDI 4XJU[FSMBOE
4QJOBM DBOBM EJNFOTJPOT JO UIF /BSJPLPUPNF CPZ ,/.85 UIF CFTU QSFTFSWFE TLFMFUPO PG )PNP FSFDUVT BSF TUSJLJOHMZ
OBSSPX FYDFQU GPS UIF DBVEBMNPTU MVNCBS WFSUFCSBF XIFO DPNQBSFE UP NPEFSO IVNBOT <> ăFZ UIVT SFTFNCMF UIPTF PG DIJN
QBO[FFT BOE BVTUSBMPQJUIFDJOFT ăF IZQPUIFTJT PG -BUJNFS BOE 0INBO <> UIBU /BSJPLPUPNFT OBSSPX TQJOBM DBOBM SFTVMUFE GSPN
DPOHFOJUBM QBUIPMPHZ XBT SFDFOUMZ DIBMMFOHFE CZ 4DIJFTT BOE )BFVTMFS <> .BD-BSOPO <> QSPQPTFE UIF BMUFSOBUJWF IZQPUIFTJT UIBU
B OBSSPX TQJOBM DBOBM XBT DIBSBDUFSJTUJD PG ) FSFDUVT .PSFPWFS TIF TVHHFTUFE UIBU JU JOEJDBUFT B MFTT EFWFMPQFE NVTDVMBS DPOUSPM
GPS CSFBUIJOH BOE UIVT JOGFSJPS TQFBLJOH DBQBCJMJUJFT UIBO JO NPEFSO IVNBOT 4P GBS IPXFWFS UIFSF XFSF OP GPTTJMT BWBJMBCMF UP
UFTU UIFTF IZQPUIFTFT )FSF XF DPNQBSF UIF /BSJPLPUPNF TQJOBM DBOBM UP B TVCBEVMU ) FSFDUVT GSPN %NBOJTJ <> 4BHJUUBM BOE
USBOTWFSTF TQJOBM DBOBM EJNFOTJPOT PG UIF %NBOJTJ WFSUFCSBF BSF NBSLFEMZ MBSHFS UIBO UIBU PG /BSJPLPUPNF GPS 5 CVU NPSF TJNJMBS
GPS 5 BOE - ăF EJĈFSFODF CFDPNFT FWFO MBSHFS XIFO UIF BDUVBM WFSUFCSBM DBOBM BSFB JT NFBTVSFE 3FMBUJWF UP CPEZ TJ[F UIF
TQJOBM DBOBM BSFBT PG %NBOJTJ GBMM JO UIF MPXFS SBOHF PG WBSJBUJPO PG NPEFSO IVNBOT XIFSFBT UIF FOUJSF /BSJPLPUPNF TQJOBM DBOBM JT
NBSLFEMZ OBSSPXFS BOE SFTFNCMFT UIBU PG DIJNQBO[FFT %JĈFSFODFT JO TQJOBM DBOBM TIBQF CFUXFFO UIF UXP GPTTJMT BQQFBS UP FYQMBJO
UIFJS DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB EJĈFSFODFT XJUI UIF %NBOJTJ DBOBMT NJSSPSJOH UIF IVNBO TIBQF /POFUIFMFTT SFMBUJWF TQJOBM DBOBM BSFBT
PG %NBOJTJ BOE /BSJPLPUPNF BSF TJNJMBS GPS 5 BOE - BOE UIF EJTQBSJUZ PG 5 FRVBMT POF JOUFSRVBSUJMF SBOHF PG UIF NPEFSO IV
NBO EJTUSJCVUJPO ăVT UIF OPSNBM SBOHF PG WBSJBUJPO JO TQJOBM DBOBM BSFBT PG ) FSFDUVT NBZ CF EFTDSJCFE BT JOUFSNFEJBUF CFUXFFO
NPEFSO IVNBOT PO UIF POF IBOE BOE BVTUSBMPQJUIFDJOFT BOE DIJNQBO[FFT PO UIF PUIFS IBOE )PXFWFS HJWFO UIF OBSSPXOFTT BOE
EJTUJODUJWF TIBQF PG UIF VQQFS UIPSBDJD TQJOBM DBOBM PG /BSJPLPUPNF B MPDBMJ[FE SFMBUJWF TQJOBM TUFOPTJT DBOOPU CF FYDMVEFE JO UIJT
TQFDJNFO &OMBSHFE TQJOBM DPSET JO UIF UIPSBDJD SFHJPO PG IVNBOT IBWF CFFO MJOLFE UP UIF VOJRVF IVNBO BCJMJUZ GPS đOF DPOUSPM PWFS
SFTQJSBUJPO GPS TQFFDI BT TFWFSBM NVTDMF HSPVQT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI SFTQJSBUJPO BSF JOOFSWBUFE FYDMVTJWFMZ CZ UIF UIPSBDJD TQJOBM DPSE
<> $MJOJDBM FWJEFODF TIPXT IPXFWFS UIBU UIF EJBQISBHN JT UIF DIJFG NVTDMF PG SFTQJSBUJPO XJUI UIF JOUFSDPTUBM BOE BCEPNJOBM
NVTDMFT TFSWJOH POMZ BT BDDFTTPSZ NVTDMFT PG SFTQJSBUJPO <> 4QFFDI QSPEVDUJPO JT VOBĈFDUFE CZ UIF DPNQMFUF MPTT PG JOUFSDPTUBM BOE
BCEPNJOBM NVTDMFT EFNPOTUSBUJOH UIBU UIF SPMF PG UIF UIPSBDJD NVTDMFT JO TQFFDI JT OFHMJHJCMF 4JODF UIF TJ[F PG UIF UIPSBDJD TQJOBM
DPSE IBT OP SFMBUJPO UP TQPLFO MBOHVBHF JO IVNBOT UIF UIPSBDJD WFSUFCSBM DBOBM TJ[F JT PG OP WBMVF JO QSFEJDUJOH MBOHVBHF BCJMJUZ JO
FYUJODU NFNCFST PG UIF HFOVT )PNP
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT .) UIBOLT UIF .ÅYJ 'PVOEBUJPO GPS đOBODJBM TVQQPSU
3FGFSFODFT<> .BD-BSOPO " ăF WFSUFCSBM DBOBM *O 8BMLFS " -FBLFZ 3 FET ăF /BSJPLPUPNF )PNP FSFDUVT 4LFMFUPO #FSMJO 4QSJOHFS Q
<> -BUJNFS # 0INBO +$ "YJBM EZTQMBTJB JO )PNP FSFDUVT + )VN &WPM " <> 4DIJFTT 3 )BFVTMFS . /P TLFMFUBM EZTQMBTJB JO
UIF /BSJPLPUPNF CPZ ,/.85 )PNP FSFDUVT
B SFBTTFTTNFOU PG DPOHFOJUBM QBUIPMPHJFT PG UIF WFSUFCSBM DPMVNO "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM
m <> .FZFS .3 'VODUJPOBM CJPMPHZ PG UIF )PNP FSFDUVT BYJBM TLFMFUPO GSPN %NBOJTJ (FPSHJB 1I% %JTTFSUBUJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
1FOOTZMWBOJB 4DIPPM PG .FEJDJOF <> .FZFS .3 7FSUFCSBF BOE MBOHVBHF BCJMJUZ JO FBSMZ IPNJOJET 1BMFP"OUISPQPMPHZ 117
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B #FIBWJPVSBM *NQMJDBUJPOT PG -BSHF 'MBLF "DIFVMJBO UFDIOPMPHZ
4IFJMB .JTISB1
%FDDBO $PMMFHF %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ
-BSHF 'MBLF "DIFVMJBO JT B UFSN SFDFOUMZ JOUSPEVDFE UP SFGFS UP UIF "DIFVMJBO BTTFNCMBHFT JO *OEJB BOE "GSJDB XIJDI BSF EPNJ
OBUFE CZ DMFBWFST NBEF PO MBSHF ĔBLFT 4IBSPO .PTU PG UIF "DIFVMJBO BTTFNCMBHFT LOPXO GSPN *OEJB CFMPOH UP UIF -BSHF
'MBLF "DIFVMJBO ăF "DIFVMJBO XBT đSTU EFđOFE CZ UIF &VSPQFBO "DIFVMJBO XIJDI EFWFMPQFE GSPN UIF -BSHF 'MBLF "DIFVMJBO
4PNF DIBSBDUFSJTUJD GFBUVSFT PG UIF &VSPQFBO "DIFVMJBO BSF BCTFOU JO UIF -BSHF 'MBLF "DIFVMJBO XIJMF PUIFS GFBUVSFT JO UIF -BSHF
'MBLF "DIFVMJBO IBWF CFFO JEFOUJđFE XIJDI IBWF QSFWJPVTMZ OPU CFFO BDDPSEFE UIF TJHOJđDBODF UIFZ EFTFSWF ăF NPTU TJHOJđ
DBOU EJĈFSFODF CFUXFFO UIF "DIFVMJBO BOE UIF FBSMJFS 0MEPXBO JT UIBU 0MEPXBO BTTFNCMBHFT IBWF DPNQMFUF DIBJOF PQFSBUPJSFT
XIJMF "DIFVMJBO BTTFNCMBHFT IBWF GSBHNFOUFE DIBJOF PQFSUPJSFT ăJT EJĈFSFODF JT TJHOJđDBOU CFDBVTF PG JUT CFIBWJPSBM JNQMJDB
UJPOT $PNQMFUF DIBJOF PQFSUPJSFT PG UIF 0MEPXBO BSF EVF UP UIF 0MEPXBO IPNJOJOT NBLJOH VTJOH BOE EJTDBSEJOH TUPOF UPPMT JO
B TJOHMF MPDBUJPO XIJMF "DIFVMJBO IPNJOJOT NBEF VTFE BOE EJTDBSEFE TUPOF UPPMT BU EJĈFSFOU MPDBUJPOT ăJT QBUUFSO GPMMPXT GSPN
B QSPGPVOE EJĈFSFODF JO CFIBWJPS0MEPXBO IPNJOJOT DBSSJFE PCKFDUT JO UIFJS IBOET XIJMF "DIFVMJBO IPNJOJOT IBE EFWFMPQFE B
UFDIOPMPHZ UP DBSSZ PCKFDUT ăF "DIFVMJBO UFDIOPMPHZ JT B DPOTFRVFODF PG B OPO MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHZ EFWFMPQFE UP DBSSZ PCKFDUT *U
DBO CF GVSUIFS TVHHFTUFE UIBU UIF PCKFDUT DBSSJFE XFSF OPU QSJNBSJMZ UIF TUPOF UPPMT CVU FEJCMF WFHFUBCMFT BOE UIBU UIF FNFSHFODF
PG UIF "DIFVMJBO JT SFMBUFE UP UIF VTF PG UFDIOPMPHZ UP DPMMFDU BOE QSPDFTT WFHFUBCMF GPPET 'SBHNFOUFE DIBJOF PQFSBUPJSFT BUUFTU UP
UIF DPMMFDUJPO BOE USBOTQPSU PG NBUFSJBM CVU UFDIOPMPHZ UP QSPDFTT WFHFUBCMF GPPET XPVME QPUFOUJBMMZ JODMVEF QPVOEJOH HSJOEJOH
BOE DPPLJOH ăVT HBUIFSJOH SBUIFS UIBO IVOUJOH NJHIU IBWF CFFO NPSF DSVDJBM JO UIF EJFUBSZ TIJĕ XIJDI PDDVSSFE JO UIF USBOTJUJPO
GSPN "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT UP )PNP *O UIJT QSFTFOUBUJPO UIF BSHVNFOU GPS SFMBUJOH UIF FNFSHFODF PG UIF "DIFVMJBO UP B UFDIOPMPHZ
BJEFE WFHFUBSJBO EJFU XJMM CF QSFTFOUFE
3FGFSFODFT<>4IBSPO ( "DIFVMJBO -BSHF 'MBLF *OEVTUSJFT5FDIOPMPHZ $ISPOPMPHZ BOE 4JHOJđDBODF#"30YGPSE 6,
118
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S ăF (SBWFUUJBO NBOEJCMFT GSPN (SPUUB 1BHMJDDJ "QVMJB *UBMZ
B HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT TUVEZ
"VSÊMJFO .PVOJFS1 (JVMJB $BQFDDIJ2 4UFGBOP 3JDDJ2 "OOBNBSJB 3PODIJUFMMJ2 4JMWBOB $POEFNJ3
-FWFSIVMNF $FOUSF GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4DJFO[F 'JTJDIF EFMMB
5FSSB F EFMM"NCJFOUF m 63 1SFJTUPSJB F "OUSPQPMPHJB m 6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 4JFOB p 6.3 "%&4 "OUISPQPMPHJF
#JPDVMUVSFMMF %SPJU &UIJRVF FU 4BOUÊ $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ E"JY.BSTFJMMF &'4 $/34 'BDVMUÊ EF .ÊEFDJOF
ăF 1BHMJDDJ TJUF JT MPDBUFE PO UIF TPVUIFSO TMPQF PG UIF (BSHBOP 1SPNPOUPSZ "QVMJB 4PVUIFSO *UBMZ
JU JT DPNQPTFE PG UIF QSFTFOU
EBZ DBWF BOE B SPDL TIFMUFS UIBU JO UIF QBTU XBT QBSU PG UIF TBNF DBWFTZTUFN ăF TJUF IBT CFFO DPOUJOVPVTMZ FYDBWBUFE TJODF UIF
FBSMZ T GSPN UP CZ ' ;PS[J /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN PG 7FSPOB
GSPN UP CZ " 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB 6OJWFS
TJUZ PG 4JFOB
BOE GSPN UP QSFTFOU EBZT CZ " 3PODIJUFMMJ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4JFOB
ăF N UIJDL TFRVFODF VODPWFSFE JOTJEF UIF
DBWF ZJFMEFE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QBMFPOUPMPHJDBM BOE BOUISPQPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT TQBOOJOH GSPN -PXFS.JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD "DIFVMFBO
&BSMZ .PVTUFSJBO
UP 'JOBM &QJHSBWFUUJBO DPNQSJTJOH "VSJHOBDJBO BOE (SBWFUUJBO "NPOH UIF TFWFSBM IVNBO SFNBJOT VODPWFSFE JO
1BHMJDDJ UIF NPTU JNQPSUBOU BSF UXP (SBWFUUJBO CVSJBMT UIBU BSF BNPOH UIF PMEFTU JO &VSPQF ăF UXP JOEJWJEVBMT GSPN UIFTF CVSJBMT
1BHMJDDJ .F[[FOB BOE 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB B KVWFOJMF NBMF XIJDI BHF BU EFBUI XBT BSPVOE ZFBST PME 1"
BOE 1BHMJDDJ
.F[[FOB BOE 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB B ZPVOH BEVMU GFNBMF BSPVOE ZFBST 1"
0WFS UIF ZFBST UIFZ IBWF CFFO UIF
TVCKFDU PG HFOFSBM BOUISPQPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT .BMMFHOJ BOE 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB .BMMFHOJ FU BM CVU XJUI UIF EFWFMPQNFOU
PG OFX BOBMZUJDBM UFDIOJRVFT JO QBMBFPBOUISPQPMPHZ UIF NPSQIPMPHJDBM BċOJUJFT PG UIF UXP TQFDJNFOT BSF CFJOH SFDPOTJEFSFE ăF
NBJO PCKFDUJWF JT UP DPOUSJCVUF UP UIF VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF đSTU QFPQMJOH PG &VSPQF CZ )PNP TBQJFOT MPPLJOH BU WBSJPVT BTQFDUT PG
UIFTF QPQVMBUJPOT TVDI BT UIFJS NPSQIPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT IFBMUI TUBUVT BOE DVMUVSBM CBDLHSPVOE ăF QSFTFOU TUVEZ GPDVTFT PO
UIF NPSQIPNFUSJD BċOJUJFT PG UIF NBOEJCMFT PG 1" BOE 1" XIJDI XFSF DPNQBSFE UP 0ME 8PSME NPEFSO IVNBO TQFDJNFOT
ăF NBOEJCMFT XFSF EFTDSJCFE UIBOLT UP MBOENBSLT BOE XFSF BOBMZTFE UISPVHI B HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT BOBMZTJT (FOFSBM
1SPDSVTUFT "OBMZTJT (1" 1SJODJQBM $PNQPOFOU "OBMZTJT 1$" BOE %JTDSJNJOBOU 'VODUJPO "OBMZTJT %'"
ăF đSTU 1$T PG
UIF 1$" PG UIF UPUBM WBSJBODF PG UIF EBUB
XFSF VTFE BT WBSJBCMFT GPS UIF %'" XIJDI BJNT UP EJTDSJNJOBUF QSFEFđOFE
HSPVQT FYUBOU &VSPQFBOT / 3PNBOJB BOE &OHMBOE
FYUBOU "TJBOT / $IJOB BOE *OEPOFTJB
FYUBOU "GSJDBOT /
/JHFSJB
/FPMJUIJD &VSPQFBOT / -PJTZFO#SJF 'SBODF
/FPMJUIJD "GSJDBOT / )BTTJFFM"CJPE GSPN .BMJ (BNCMFT
$BWF /BLVSV *9 8JMMFZT ,PQKF ** &MNFOUFJUB " % BOE ' GSPN ,FOZB
BOE 1BMBFPMJUIJD TQFDJNFOT / 0CFSLBTTFM BOE
(FSNBO
0IBMP ** *TSBFM
"CSJ 1BUBVE 'SBODF
1SFENPTUJ BOE BOE #SOP ** $[FDI 3FQVCMJD
$PNCF$BQFMMF 'SBODF
(SJNBMEJ *UBMZ
2BG[FI BOE 4LIˎM 7 *TSBFM
8F VTFE UIF EJTDSJNJOBUJPO QBUUFSO CFUXFFO UIPTF HSPVQT JO PSEFS UP BTTFTT UIF
NPSQIPMPHJDBM BċOJUJFT PG UIF 1BHMJDDJ NBOEJCMFT XIJDI XFSF JOUSPEVDFE B QPTUFSJPSJ JO UIF %'" ăF DMBTTJđDBUJPO SFTVMUT JOEJ
DBUF UIBU BQBSU GSPN UIF /FPMJUIJD &VSPQFBOT BMM HSPVQT PWFSMBQ JO UIFJS NPSQIPMPHZ *U JT FTQFDJBMMZ EJċDVMU UP EJTUJOHVJTI CFUXFFO
FYUBOU &VSPQFBOT BOE "TJBOT XIJMF FYUBOU "GSJDBOT QSFTFOU B TMJHIUMZ EJĈFSFOU NPSQIPUZQF XIJDI JT DMPTFS UP /FPMJUIJD "GSJDBOT
ăFTF TQFDJNFOT BT XFMM BT UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD NBOEJCMFT TIPX B NVDI NPSF SPCVTU NPSQIPMPHZ #PUI 1BHMJDDJ NBOEJCMFT BSF DMBTTJđFE
BT 1BMBFPMJUIJD TQFDJNFOT CZ UIF %'" 1" JT FTQFDJBMMZ TJNJMBS UP UIF (SJNBMEJ NBOEJCMF XIJDI BMTP CFMPOHFE UP B KVWFOJMF JOEJ
WJEVBM XIJMF 1" JT NPSF TJNJMBS UP $PNCF$BQFMMF BOE 0CFSLBTTFM ăJT NPSQIPMPHJDBM BċOJUZ JOEJDBUFT UIBU 1" NBOEJCMF
JT WFSZ SPCVTU EFTQJUF UIF GBDU UIBU JU JT B GFNBMF JOEJWJEVBM 'JOBMMZ CPUI 1BHMJDDJ NBOEJCMFT BSF BMTP TJNJMBS UP "GSJDBO /FPMJUIJD
TQFDJNFOT $POUSBSZ UP UIF &VSPQFBO /FPMJUIJD NBOEJCMFT UIF "GSJDBO /FPMJUIJD TQFDJNFOT TIPX DMPTF NPSQIPMPHJDBM BċOJUJFT
XJUI UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD GPTTJMT ăJT DPVME JOEJDBUF B EJĈFSFOU NJHSBUJPO QBUUFSO CFUXFFO &VSPQF BOE "GSJDB EVSJOH MBUF 1BMBFPMJUIJD
BOE /FPMJUIJD
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL UIF 4PQSJOUFOEFO[B QFS J #FOJ "SDIFPMPHJDJ EFMMB 1VHMJB XIJDI BVUIPSJ[FE BOE TVQQPSUFE UIF FY
DBWBUJPOT BU (SPUUB 1BHMJDDJ PWFS UIF ZFBST
3FGFSFODFT<> .BMMFHOJ ' 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB " 4DPQFSUB EJ VOB TFQPMUVSB HSBWFUUJBOB OFMMB (SPUUB 1BHMJDDJ 3JHOBOP (BSHBOJDP
3JWJTUB EJ
4DJFO[F 1SFJTUPSJDIF 997** <> .BMMFHOJ ' 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB " -FT SFTUFT IVNBJOT EÊDPVWFSUT EBOT MFT OJWFBVY HSBWFUUJFOT EF MB (SPUUF
1BHMJDDJ 3JHOBOP (BSHBOJDP 1PVJMMFT *UBMJF
"OUISPQPMPHJF <> .BMMFHOJ ' #FSUPMEJ ' .BOPMJ 4 ăF (SBWFUUJBO GFNBMF IVNBO
TLFMFUPO PG 1BHMJDDJ DBWF 1BHMJDDJ 3JHOBOP (BSHBOJDP 1VHMJB 4PVUIFSO *UBMZ
)0.0 <> .F[[FOB ' 1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB " /VPWB TFQPMUVSB HSBWFUUJBOB OFMMB (SPUUB 1BHMJDDJ 1SPNPOUPSJP EFM (BSHBOP
3JWJTUB EJ 4DJFO[F 1SFJTUPSJDIF 9-** 119
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S &YBNJOJOH UIF JOĔVFODF PG IBCJUVBM MPBEJOH BMPOH UIF MPOH CPOF EJBQIZTFT PG WBSTJUZ BUIMFUFT TLFMFUBM
QMBTUJDJUZ BOE DPOTUSBJOU
+BTPO /BEFMM1 $PMJO 4IBX2
%VSIBN 6OJWFSTJUZ p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF
&MFNFOUT PG UIF VQQFS BOE MPXFS MJNC IBWF CFFO EFNPOTUSBUFE UP FDPOPNJDBMMZ BEBQU UIFJS TUSVDUVSF BOE TIBQF JO SFTQPOTF UP UIF
NFDIBOJDBM MPBET UIFZ FOEVSF ăF SPMF UIBU TLFMFUBM QMBTUJDJUZ BOE HFOFUJDT DPMMFDUJWFMZ QMBZ JO UIJT QSPDFTT IPXFWFS JT OPU XFMM
VOEFSTUPPE )FSF XF JOWFTUJHBUF IPX BTQFDUT PG UIF MPOH CPOF QSPYJNBM EJTUBM BOE NJEEJBQIZTFT SFTQPOE UP EJĈFSFOU GPSNT PG
IBCJUVBM EZOBNJD MPBEJOH 1FSJQIFSBM RVBOUJUBUJWF DPNQVUFE UPNPHSBQIZ Q2$5
XBT VTFE UP HFOFSBUF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM JNBHFT BU
UISFF EJĈFSFOU TFHNFOUT BMPOH UIF SBEJVT VMOB BOE UJCJB BT XFMM UIF IVNFSBM NJETIBĕ BNPOH WBSTJUZ MFWFM BUIMFUFT JODMVEJOH TXJN
NFST O DSJDLFUFST O đFME IPDLFZ QMBZFST O DSPTTDPVOUSZ SVOOFST O BOE B SFMBUJWFMZ TFEFOUBSZ DPOUSPM
HSPVQ O (FPNFUSJD QSPQFSUJFT JOEJDBUJWF PG NPCJMJUZ BOE CFIBWJPS XFSF BTTFTTFE BU IVNFSBM MFOHUI BOE PG SBEJBM BOE VMOBS MFOHUI BOE BOE PG UJCJBM MFOHUI ăF QSPQFSUJFT PG JOUFSFTU JODMVEFE DPSUJDBM BSFB $"
JOEJDBUJWF
PG EJBQIZTFBM TUSFOHUI VOEFS QVSF BYJBM DPNQSFTTJPO BOE UFOTJPO UPUBM BSFB 5"
FODPNQBTTJOH UIF TVCQFSJPTUFBM TVSGBDF JODMVE
JOH UIF NFEVMMBSZ DBWJUZ QPMBS TFDPOE NPNFOU PG BSFB +
JOEJDBUJWF PG UPSTJPOBM SJHJEJUZ BCPVU UIF TFDUJPO BOE EJBQIZTFBM TIBQF
FYQSFTTFE BT UIF SBUJP *NBY*NJO PS NBYJNVN EJWJEFE CZ NJOJNVN CFOEJOH SJHJEJUZ
XIJDI DPSSFTQPOET XJUI B DSPTTTFDUJPOT
EFWJBUJPO GSPN DJSDVMBSJUZ <> 0OFXBZ "/07" BOE DPFċDJFOUT PG WBSJBUJPO XFSF UIFO VTFE UP DPNQBSF JOUFS BOE JOUSBHSPVQ
TUSVDUVSBM WBSJBUJPO BDSPTT FMFNFOUT BOE DSPTTTFDUJPOBM TFHNFOUT "SDIJUFDUVSF BU UIF IVNFSBM NJETIBĕ BQQFBSFE NPSF SFTQPOTJWF
UP BDUJWJUZ CBTFE MPBEJOH UIBO FJUIFS UIF SBEJVT PS VMOB TVHHFTUJOH UIBU UIF GPSFBSN NBZ CF NPSF HFOFUJDBMMZ DBOBMJ[FE UIBO UIF
VQQFS BSN )PXFWFS XF QSPWJEF FWJEFODF UIBU MPOH CPOF HFPNFUSZ BU UIF EJTUBM QSPYJNBM BOE NJETIBĕ TFHNFOUT PG UIF GPSFBSN
BSF BMTP JNQBDUFE CZ IBCJUVBM MPBEJOH CFIBWJPST BTTPDJBUFE XJUI TXJNNJOH BT XFMM BT DSJDLFU CPXMJOH BOE IJUUJOH "MPOH UIF UJCJB
WBSJBUJPO CFUXFFO BUIMFUFT BOE DPOUSPMT XBT NPTU QSPOPVODFE BU NJETIBĕ XIJMF UIF BOE TFHNFOUT BQQFBSFE JODSFNFOUBMMZ
MFTT SFTQPOTJWF UP MPBEJOH BTTPDJBUFE XJUI SVOOJOH PS đFME IPDLFZ *U JT QPTTJCMF UIBU BEBQUBUJPO BU UIF EJTUBM UJCJB JT NPSF DPOTUSBJOFE
XJUIJO BOE CFUXFFO HSPVQT CFDBVTF PG UIF DMPTF QSPYJNJUZ PG UIJT SFHJPO UP UIF TJUF PG HSPVOE JNQBDU XIFSF TBGFUZ GBDUPST TIPVME
CF HSFBUFTU <> 0VS SFTVMUT TVQQPSU UIF FWJEFODF UIBU XFJHIUCFBSJOH CPOFT XIFO QMBDFE VOEFS B DPOUJOVPVT BOE WJHPSPVT MPBE
JOH SFHJNF XJMM FMJDJU B TJUFTQFDJđD BEBQUJWF SFTQPOTF GPS UIF QVSQPTF PG TUSVDUVSBM PQUJNBMJUZ JO UIBU HJWFO SFHJPO .PSFPWFS XF
EFNPOTUSBUF UIBU QMBTUJDJUZ JT OPU POMZ WBSJBCMF CFUXFFO MJNCT CVU BMPOH QBSUJDVMBS TFHNFOUT PG UIF MPOH CPOF EJBQIZTFT BT XFMM ăF
DMPTF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UJTTVF QMBTUJDJUZ BOE DPOTUSBJOU BMPOH UIF EJBQIZTJT EFTDSJCFE IFSF JT DBQBCMF PG MFOEJOH JOTJHIU JOUP UIF
BEBQUJWF NPSQIPMPHZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI BSDIBJD BOE NPEFSO IVNBO CFIBWJPS 'VSUIFS UIFTF đOEJOHT NBZ BJE JO GVUVSF CFIBWJPSBM
JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT JO UIF GPTTJM SFDPSE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F XJTI UP UIBOL " -BTLFZ 4 EF #POP " 1SFOUJDF BOE PUIFS TUBĈ BU UIF .3$ )VNBO /VUSJUJPO -BCPSB
UPSZ $BNCSJEHF 6, GPS BDDFTT UP Q2$5 UFDIOPMPHZ BTTJTUBODF PCUBJOJOH FUIJDBM BQQSPWBM GPS UIJT TUVEZ BOE UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG
UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF
3FGFSFODFT<> 3VĈ $# #JPNFDIBOJDBM BOBMZTFT PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM IVNBO TLFMFUPOT #JPMPHJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ PG UIF )VNBO 4LFMFUPO 4FDPOE
&EJUJPO ,BU[FOCFSH ." 4BVOEFST 43 FEJUPST +PIO 8JMFZ BOE 4POT *OD <> 4LFESPT +( 4ZCSPXTLZ $- 1BSSZ 53 #MPFCBVN 3%
3FHJPOBM EJĈFSFODFT JO DPSUJDBM CPOF PSHBOJ[BUJPO BOE NJDSPEBNBHF QSFWBMFODF JO 3PDLZ .PVOUBJO NVMF EFFS "OBU 3FD 1BSU " 120
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S &OEPDSBOJBM TIBQF BTZNNFUSZ JO IVNBOT BOE BQFT
4JNPO /FVCBVFS1 1IJMJQQ .JUUFSPFDLFS2 1IJMJQQ (VO[1 /BEJB 4DPUU1 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO1
%FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG ăFPSFUJDBM
#JPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7JFOOB
'VODUJPOBM CSBJO MBUFSBMJ[BUJPO m TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT PG CSBJO BSFBT JO EJĈFSFOU IFNJTQIFSFT m JT UP TPNF FYUFOU SFMBUFE UP NPSQIPMPHJDBM
CSBJO BTZNNFUSZ BOE UIVT BMTP UP UIF TIBQF PG FOEPDBTUT "O VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG FOEPDSBOJBM BTZNNFUSJFT JT UIFSFGPSF JNQPSUBOU UP
EJTDVTT IPNJOJO CSBJO FWPMVUJPO )VNBOT GPS FYBNQMF IBWF B UZQJDBM DPNCJOBUJPO PG SJHIU GSPOUBM BOE MFĕ PDDJQJUBM QSPUSVTJPOT
DBMMFE QFUBMJBT BT XFMM BT B MBSHFS MFĕ #SPDBT DBQ SFHJPO UIBO UIF SJHIU ăFTF FOEPDSBOJBM GFBUVSFT IBWF CFFO SFMBUFE UP IBOEFEOFTT
BOE MBOHVBHF 8IJMF BQFT BMTP IBWF BTZNNFUSJD FOEPDSBOJBM DBTUT UIFZ TFFN UP MBDL B DPOTJTUFOU QPQVMBUJPOXJEF QBUUFSO )PXFWFS
FOEPDSBOJBM BTZNNFUSZ IBT CFFO EFTDSJCFE RVBMJUBUJWFMZ SBUIFS UIBO RVBOUJđFE )FSF XF QSFTFOU B DPNQSFIFOTJWF HFPNFUSJD NPS
QIPNFUSJD BQQSPBDI UP RVBOUJGZ FOEPDSBOJBM BTZNNFUSZ PG IVNBOT BOE BQFT BOE FYQMPSF UIF QBUUFSO BOE UIF BNPVOU PG BTZNNFUSZ
BT XFMM BT UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO FOEPDSBOJBM WPMVNF BOE BTZNNFUSZ 5P EP TP XF HFOFSBUFE WJSUVBM FOEPDBTUT PG IVNBOT DIJNQBO[FFT HPSJMMBT PSBOHVUBOT BOE HJCCPOT BOE NFBTVSFE MBOENBSLT BOE TFNJMBOENBSLT PO UIF FOEPDSBOJBM TVS
GBDF 5P SFNPWF BTZNNFUSJD TIBQF WBSJBUJPO UIBU JT SFMBUFE UP UIF BSCJUSBSZ MPDBUJPO PG TFNJMBOENBSLT UIF TFNJMBOENBSLT XFSF
BMMPXFE UP TMJEF BDDPSEJOH UP B TZNNFUSJD MBOENBSL DPOđHVSBUJPO 8F UIFO JOWFTUJHBUFE TZNNFUSJD BOE BTZNNFUSJD TIBQF WBSJ
BUJPO CBTFE PO UIF SFMBCFMMFE SFĔFDUJPOT PG UIF MBOENBSL DPOđHVSBUJPOT 0VS MBOENBSL EBUB EPDVNFOU UIF LOPXO DPOUSBMBUFSBM
GSPOUBMPDDJQJUBM QFUBMJBT UPHFUIFS XJUI EJĈFSFOUJBM QSPKFDUJPOT PG UIF MFĕ BOE SJHIU UFNQPSBM QPMFT ăF NBKPS BYFT PG BTZNNFUSJD
WBSJBUJPO WBSZ UP TPNF EFHSFF BNPOH UIF JOWFTUJHBUFE TQFDJFT 6OFYQFDUFEMZ HPSJMMBT TIPX B EJTUJODU QBUUFSO PG BTZNNFUSZ UIBU JT
IJHIMZ EJSFDUJPOBM UPXBSET POF TJEF BOE EJĈFSFOU GSPN UIF PUIFS HSPVQT *O BEEJUJPO HPSJMMBT IBWF UIF NPTU BTZNNFUSJD FOEPDBTUT
ăF BNPVOU PG BTZNNFUSZ JT OPU SFMBUFE UP FOEPDSBOJBM WPMVNF OFJUIFS CFUXFFO OPS XJUIJO TQFDJFT 8F EFNPOTUSBUF UIBU PVS RVBO
UJUBUJWF NVMUJWBSJBUF BQQSPBDI DBQUVSFT SFMFWBOU FOEPDSBOJBM BTZNNFUSJFT BOE EPFT OPU SFRVJSF EFđOJOH B NJEMJOF GPS UIF BOBMZTJT
B TUFQ UIBU TPNFUJNFT JT QSPCMFNBUJD *U BEET UP PVS LOPXMFEHF BCPVU UIF QBUUFSO BOE UIF BNPVOU PG CSBJO BTZNNFUSJFT JO MJWJOH
QSJNBUFT ăJT JT FTTFOUJBM GPS UIF JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG IPNJOJO GPTTJM FOEPDBTUT HJWFO UIBU CSBJO MBUFSBMJ[BUJPO JT BO JNQPSUBOU QSPDFTT
JO IVNBO CSBJO FWPMVUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF .BY 1MBODL 4PDJFUZ
121
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B .PEFMMJOH UIF UPPM VTF BOE EJFU PG 1BSBOUISPQVT BOE )PNP IBCJMJT
"EBN /FXUPO1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JWFSQPPM "MVNOVT
*O UIJT QBQFS * QSFTFOU UIF SFTVMUT PG NZ EPDUPSBM UIFTJT ăF RVFTUJPO PG UIJT UIFTJT DPODFSOT UIF EJĈFSFODFT JO EJFU BOE UPPM VTF
CFUXFFO 1BSBOUISPQVT BOE )PNP IBCJMJT 8BT UIF VTF PG UFDIOPMPHZ CZ ) IBCJMJT BO BMUFSOBUJWF UP UIF NFHBEPOU USFOE TFFO JO
1BSBOUISPQVT JO HBJOJOH BOE DPOTVNJOH GPPE SFTPVSDFT 4P JO PUIFS XPSET UIF UFDIOPMPHZ PG )PNP IBCJMJT XBT DPNQBSFE UP UIF
BOBUPNJDBM TQFDJBMJTBUJPOT PG 1BSBOUISPQVT 5P JOWFTUJHBUF UIJT JTTVF B DPNQVUFS NPEFM XBT CVJMU VTJOH UIF NPEFMMJOH TPĕXBSF 4JN
JMF *O UIF NPEFM UIFSF JT B QPQVMBUJPO PG IPNJOJOT XIPTF UFDIOPMPHJDBM BOE BOBUPNJDBM BUUSJCVUFT DBO CF BMUFSFE ăF KBX BOBUPNZ
DBO SFQSFTFOU FJUIFS 1BSBOUISPQVT PS ) IBCJMJT BOE UIF IPNJOJOT DBO QPTTFTT EJHHJOH TUJDLT BOEPS TUPOF UPPMT ăF IPNJOJOT
NPWF BSPVOE PO B MBOETDBQF UIBU DPOUBJOT TJY CSPBE GPPE UZQFT XJUI SFTPVSDFT UIBU WBSZ TFBTPOBMMZ ăF DBMPSJF SFUVSO SBUF GSPN
FBDI GPPE UZQF EFQFOET VQPO UIF BUUSJCVUFT PG CPUI UIF GPPE UZQFT BOE UIF IPNJOJOT ăF EBUB QSPWJEFE CZ UIF NPEFM JT B DBMPSJF
DPVOU PWFS UFO TJNVMBUFE ZFBST UIFSFCZ QSPWJEJOH B NFBTVSF PG UIF SFMBUJWF TVDDFTT PG UIF IPNJOJOT VOEFS B SBOHF PG DPOEJUJPOT FH
KBX TJ[F UPPM VTJOH BCJMJUZ ESZ PS TFNJBSJE MBOETDBQF
#Z DIBOHJOH UIF IPNJOJO BUUSJCVUFT BOE UIF DPOEJUJPOT PG UIF FOWJSPONFOU
BOE SVOOJOH UIF NPEFM VOEFS B XJEF SBOHF PG EJĈFSFOU DPOđHVSBUJPOT JU XBT QPTTJCMF UP FYQMPSF WBSJPVT TDFOBSJPT PG FBSMZ IPNJOJO
TVCTJTUFODF " TFDPOEBSZ SFTFBSDI BJN DPODFSOFE UIF BQQMJDBCJMJUZ PG DPNQVUFS NPEFMMJOH BT B SFTFBSDI UPPM GPS JOWFTUJHBUJOH UIF
CFIBWJPVSBM FDPMPHZ PG FBSMZ IPNJOJOT ăF SFTVMUT TIPXFE UIBU EFTQJUF B TJNJMBS BWFSBHF ZFBSMZ DBMPSJF JOUBLF ) IBCJMJT XBT BCMF
UP HBJO NPSF DBMPSJFT XIFO GPPE SFTPVSDFT XFSF TDBSDF SFMBUJWF UP 1BSBOUISPQVT %JHHJOH TUJDLT DPVME BMTP IBWF NBEF B DPOTJEFSBCMF
EJĈFSFODF UP UIF DBMPSJF JOUBLF PG 1BSBOUISPQVT JO UJNFT PG TFBTPOBM SFTPVSDF TDBSDJUZ "MUPHFUIFS UIF NPEFMMJOH NFUIPE FNQMPZFE
IFSF XBT TIPXO UP CF IJHIMZ XPSUIXIJMF OPU KVTU GPS UFTUJOH IZQPUIFTFT CVU BMTP GPS HFOFSBUJOH OFX JEFBT BOE UIFPSJFT $PNQVUFS
NPEFMMJOH JT IPXFWFS B NFUIPE UIBU SFRVJSFT DPNNJUNFOU JO PSEFS UP CVJME VQ B NPEFM UP B VTFGVM MFWFM )PXFWFS PODF UIJT IBT
CFFO BDIJFWFE UIF SFXBSET BSF DMFBS
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * HSBUFGVMMZ BDLOPXMFEHF UIF DPOUSJCVUJPOT UIBU TP NBOZ QFPQMF IBWF NBEF UP UIJT XPSL 4QFDJBM UIBOLT UP
NZ TVQFSWJTPS 1SPGFTTPS +PIO (PXMFUU GPS TVQQPSUJOH NF BOE HVJEJOH NZ XPSL UISPVHIPVU UIF MBTU TFWFO PS TP ZFBST .BOZ UIBOLT
UP GPS UIF #SJUJTI "DBEFNZ $FOUFOBSZ 3FTFBSDI QSPKFDU A-VDZ UP -BOHVBHF GPS CPUI UIF BDBEFNJD BOE đOBODJBM TVQQPSU JU IBT PG
GFSFE PWFS UIF ZFBST /PU UP NFOUJPO DPVOUMFTT HMBTTFT PG GSFF XJOF " WFSZ TQFDJBM UIBOLT HPFT UP NZ QBSFOUT *BO /FXUPO BOE $ISJT
)BSEJOH BOE BMTP UP NZ TUFQGBUIFS %FSFL )BSEJOH "OE MBTUMZ * UIBOL NZ XJGF %S *SJT /FXUPO GPS BMM IFS BEWJDF BOE TVQQPSU BOE
BMTP GPS QVUUJOH VQ XJUI NF GPS BMM UIFTF ZFBST
122
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B 4J[F .BUUFST 1BUUFSOT PG DIPJDF BOE DPOTUSBJOU JO -PXFS BOE .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD NJDSPMJUIJD
BTTFNCMBHFT JO DFOUSBM &VSPQF
*SJT /FXUPO1
"MVNOB 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JWFSQPPM
ăJT QBQFS QSFTFOUT UIF SFTVMUT PG NZ EPDUPSBM UIFTJT ăF RVFTUJPO SBJTFE JO UIJT EPDUPSBM UIFTJT JT POF PG DIPJDF 5P XIBU FYUFOU
EJE UIF NBLFST PG NJDSPMJUIJD UPPM LJUT EVSJOH UIF -PXFS BOE .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD NFSFMZ SFTQPOE UP FOWJSPONFOUBM QSFTTVSFT BOE
UP XIBU FYUFOU EJE UIFZ DIPPTF UP TIBQF UIFJS FOWJSPONFOU CZ NFBOT PG UIFJS UPPMLJUT BDDPSEJOH UP UIFJS OFFET ăF BOBMZTJT PG
TUPOF UPPM BTTFNCMBHFT IBT USBEJUJPOBMMZ CFFO DPOEVDUFE JO POF PG UXP XBZT XJUI B UZQPMPHJDBM PS XJUI B RVBOUJUBUJWF OVNFSJDBM
BQQSPBDI 5ZQPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDIFT IBWF CFFO GPVOE XBOUJOH m UIFJS HSFBUFTU EBOHFS MZJOH JO UIF TVCKFDUJWJUZ PG UIF SFTFBSDIFS CVU
BMTP BOE UIJT JT TQFDJđD UP UIF PMEFS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QFSJPET UIF UZQPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDI DBO CF GSBVHIU XJUI EJċDVMUJFT EVF UP B MBDL
PG SFDPHOJTBCMF UZQFT #PUI PG UIFTF QJUGBMMT IBWF CFFO TRVBSFMZ BEESFTTFE CZ OVNFSJDBM BQQSPBDIFT CVU UIF TIFFS RVBOUJUZ PG EBUB
QPJOUT UIBU DBO QPTTJCMZ CF SFDPSEFE BOE TUBUJTUJDBMMZ BOBMZTFE GSPN BOZ POF QJFDF NBLFT UIFTF NFUIPET EJċDVMU UP XPSL XJUI 'PS
UIJT JOWFTUJHBUJPO * IBWF EFWFMPQFE B TIPSUIBOE NFUIPEPMPHZ UIBU SFTUT IFBWJMZ PO OVNFSJDBM BQQSPBDIFT BOE BCBOEPOT UZQPMPHZ
CVU UBLFT JOUP DPOTJEFSBUJPO DFSUBJO RVBMJUBUJWF BTQFDUT PG UZQPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDIFT ăF JOWFTUJHBUJPO UIVT FODPNQBTTFT CPUI EFWFM
PQNFOU BOE UFTU DBTF GPS B UIJSE BQQSPBDI JO TUPOF UPPM BOBMZTJT "TTVNJOH B DFSUBJO EFHSFF PG DIPJDF B TFMFDUJPO PG -PXFS BOE
.JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD NJDSPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT XBT BOBMZTFE UP JOWFTUJHBUF QPTTJCMF QBUUFSOT XJUIJO UIF NBUFSJBM XJUI SFHBSET UP SBX
NBUFSJBM TFMFDUJPO UPPM TIBQF BOE TJ[F ăF FNFSHJOH QBUUFSO JT WJFXFE BHBJOTU UIF CBDLESPQ PG FDPMPHJDBM WBSJBCMFT JF DMJNBUF
FOWJSPONFOU QPUFOUJBM SFTPVSDFT BOE UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF PG BDUVBMMZ FYQMPJUFE SFTPVSDFT ăF JNQBDU PG TNBMMOFTT JT UIFO
FYQMPSFE JO BSFBT TVDI BT TVCTJTUFODF BOE MJGFTUZMF IBĕJOH MFBSOJOH BOE GPDVT PG BUUFOUJPO " GVSUIFS BTQFDU UP CF DPOTJEFSFE JO UIJT
JOWFTUJHBUJPO DPODFSOT UIF SFDVSSFODF PG NJDSPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT EVSJOH UIF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD BOE UIF RVFTUJPO PG DPOUJOVBUJPO
PG B UFDIOPMPHJDBM USBEJUJPO PWFS B MPOH QFSJPE PG UJNF * IBWF BOBMZTFE EBUB DPMMFDUFE GSPN NJDSPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT GSPN 1PMBOE
5S[FCOJDB E 5S[FCOJDB H 3VTLP 3VTLP BOE (FSNBOZ #JM[JOHTMFCFO &ISJOHTEPSG -PXFS )PSJ[PO 5BVCBDI
XJUI UIF
IFMQ PG UIF TUBUJTUJD TPĕXBSF QBDLBHF 1"48 ăF SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU FBSMZ IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT JO DFOUSBM &VSPQF IBE GBS HSFBUFS
PQQPSUVOJUJFT UP TIBQF UIFJS TVCTJTUFODF TUSBUFHJFT BOE DIPPTF UIFJS MJGFTUZMFT UIBO XBT QSFWJPVTMZ BTTVNFE &OWJSPONFOUBM QSFTTVSFT
BOE SFTUSJDUJPOT BSF QBSUMZ CVU OPU TPMFMZ SFTQPOTJCMF GPS UIF DIPTFO TUSBUFHJFT 3BX NBUFSJBM BWBJMBCJMJUZ IBE BO JOĔVFODF CVU XBT
OPU BMXBZT UIF EFUFSNJOJOH GBDUPS JO BSUFGBDU TJ[F TIBQF BOE UFDIOPMPHJDBM TUSBUFHJFT "T GPS UIF RVFTUJPO PG SFDVSSFODF WFSTVT DPO
UJOVBUJPO PG TNBMM UPPM USBEJUJPOT JOUP UIF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD ăF SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU UIFSF XBT OP DPOUJOVBUJPO XIJDI NBZ CF
VOTVSQSJTJOH HJWFO UIF MPOH QFSJPET PG UJNF JOWPMWFE *OTUFBE TJNJMBS TUSBUFHJFT XFSF DIPTFO JO TJNJMBS FOWJSPONFOUBM BOE DMJNBUJD
DPOEJUJPOT CVU XJUI NPSQIPMPHJDBMMZ BOE UFDIOPMPHJDBMMZ WBSZJOH UPPMLJUT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * UIBOL NZ TVQFSWJTPS 1SPGFTTPS +PIO (PXMFUU GPS TVQQPSUJOH BOE HVJEJOH NZ XPSL * BN HSBUFGVM UP "MGSFE
-BUIBN 4UFQIFO -ZDFUU BOE +VMJFO -PVZT GPS UIFJS BEWJDF PO TUBUJTUJDT * UIBOL $MFNFOT 1BTEB BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG +FOB XIP HBWF
NF BDDFTT UP UIF NBUFSJBM GSPN #JM[JOHTMFCFO BOE 5BVCBDI +BO.JDIB #VSEVLJFXJD[ "OES[FK 8JˁOJFXTLJ BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
8SPDBX XIP MFU NF TUVEZ UIF BTTFNCMBHFT PG 3VTLP 5S[FCOJDB BOE 8SPDBX )BMMFSB 4USFFU 8JM 3PFCSPFLT %JNJUSJ EF -PFDLFS
"MJB (VSUPW BOE &EVBSE 1PQ XIP TIBSFE UIFJS QSFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT GSPN /FVNBSL/PSE XJUI NF ăJT XPSL XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ B
HSBOU GSPN UIF "SUT BOE )VNBOJUJFT 3FTFBSDI $PVODJM BOE CZ UIF #SJUJTI "DBEFNZ $FOUFOBSZ 3FTFBSDI 1SPKFDU A-VDZ UP -BOHVBHF
123
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S /FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPO PG UIF &BTU &VSPQFBO 1MBJO /FX EBUB GSPN UIF .JEEMF %OJFTUS WBMMFZ 6LSBJOF
1IJMJQ 3 /JHTU1,2 -BSJTTB ,PVMBLPWTLB3 7JUBMZ 6TJL3 4UÊQIBOF 1JSTPO4 'SFEEZ %BNCMPO5 1ÎB 4QSZ.BSRVÊT 6 /BUBTIB
(FSBTJNFOLP7 5BNBSB -JBTIZL7 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO2 1BVM )BFTBFSUT5
%JWJTJPO PG "SDIBFPMPHZ %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF $BNCSJEHF 6, p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p .VTFVN PG
"SDIBFPMPHZ *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 6LSBJOJBO "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT ,ZJW 6LSBJOF p 418 %JSFDUJPO EF M"SDIÊPMPHJF
+BNCFT #FMHJVN p %FQBSUNFOU PG 1BMBFPOUPMPHZ 3PZBM #FMHJBO *OTUJUVUF GPS /BUVSBM 4DJFODFT #SVTTFMT #FMHJVN p .D%POBME *OTUJUVUF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF
$BNCSJEHF 6, p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSUI 4DJFODFT BOE (FPNPSQIPMPHZ 5BSBT 4IFWDIFOLP /BUJPOBM 6OJWFSTJUZ PG ,ZJW 6LSBJOF
8IJMF /FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPO JO 8FTUFSO BOE $FOUSBM &VSPQF JT XFMM EPDVNFOUFE GSPN LZB POXBSET DVSSFOU EBUB TVHHFTU
UIBU UIF WBTU &BTU &VSPQFBO 1MBJO &&1 m CFUXFFO UIF $BSQBUIJBO BOE 6SBM .PVOUBJOT BOE UIF #MBDL 4FB BOE 4DBOEJOBWJB
XBT
DPMPOJTFE POMZ GSPN UIF -BTU *OUFSHMBDJBM POXBSET &BSMJFS JODVSTJPOT BSF EPDVNFOUFE CVU MJNJUFE UP UIF &&1T TPVUIFSONPTU GSJOHFT
JF OPSUIFSO $BVDBTVT BOE OPSUIFSO #MBDL 4FB DPBTU
ăF SFBTPO GPS UIF MBUF DPMPOJTBUJPO PG UIF &&1 JT NPTU QSPCBCMZ EVF UP DPMEFS
BOE FTQFDJBMMZ NPSF BSJE DPOEJUJPOT XIFO DPNQBSFE UP 8FTUFSO BOE $FOUSBM &VSPQF )FSF XF QSFTFOU OFX EBUB PO UJNJOH BOE FO
WJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYU PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPO PG UIF .JEEMF %OJFTUS WBMMFZ SFTVMUJOH GSPN PVS OFX đFMEXPSL JO UIJT SFHJPO
TJODF ăF .JEEMF %OJFTUS WBMMFZ JT B LFZ BSFB PG UIF TPVUIXFTUFSO &&1 BOE DPOUBJOT CZ GBS UIF SJDIFTU .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD
SFDPSE PG UIF &&1 <> <> <>
/FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPO PG UIJT TQFDJđD SFHJPO JT EPDVNFOUFE JO UIF &BSMZ (MBDJBM BOE .JEEMF
1MFOJHMBDJBM CBTFE PO QSFT đFMEXPSL <> <> <>
(PPE FYBNQMFT BSF UIF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD IPSJ[POT .PVTUFSJBO XJUI
-FWBMMPJT UFDIOPMPHZ
PG UIF TJUF .PMPEPWB 7 3FDFOUMZ UIFZ IBWF CFFO BUUSJCVUFE UP UIF .JEEMF 1MFOJHMBDJBM <>
*O UIF DVSSFOU
QSPKFDU XF BSF TVSWFZJOH QSFWJPVTMZ VOBWBJMBCMF PVUDSPQT WFSUJDBM FYQPTVSFT
DSFBUFE CZ UIF %OJFTUS 3FTFSWPJS -BLF 0VS đFMEXPSL
JODMVEFT TVSGBDF TVSWFZT HFPMPHJDBM TFDUJPOT BOE FYDBWBUJPOT "MM đFMEXPSL JT DPOEVDUFE CZ B NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ UFBN JODMVEJOH õVB
UFSOBSZ đFME HFPMPHJTUT XIP QSPWJEF IJHISFTPMVUJPO QFEPTUSBUJHSBQIJD BOBMZTJT PG UIF TFRVFODFT 8F BSF BQQMZJOH B DISPOPTUSBUJ
HSBQIJD BQQSPBDI <>
UP UIF TFRVFODFT TUVEJFE JO PVS QSPKFDU &OWJSPONFOUBM BOBMZTJT VUJMJ[FT TFEJNFOUPMPHJDBM QFEPMPHJDBM TPJM
NJDSPNPSQIPMPHJDBM QBMZOPMPHJDBM BOE NBMBDPMPHJDBM EBUB BT XFMM BT EBUB GSPN QMBOU NBDSPSFNBJOT %BUJOH JODMVEFT SBEJPDBSCPO
BOE 04- EBUJOH *O UIJT QSFTFOUBUJPO XF BSF GPDVTJOH PO UIF SFTVMUT PG PVS XPSL BU UIF UXP TJUFT /FQPSPUPWP BOE .PMPEPWB 7
ăF OFXMZ EJTDPWFSFE TJUF /FQPSPUPWP JT B .JEEMF UP -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF MPDBMJUZ FYQPTFE PWFS N BMPOH UIF %OJFTUS SJWFS ăF
NFUFST EFFQ TFRVFODF JODMVEFT GSPN CBTF UP UPQ .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF MPFTT UIF -BTU *OUFSHMBDJBM&BSMZ (MBDJBM QFEPDPNQMFY BOE
&BSMZ .JEEMF BOE -BUF 1MFOJHMBDJBM MPFTTQBMFPTPM EFQPTJUT 'PVS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM IPSJ[POT ")
BSF FNCFEEFE JO UIF TFRVFODF 0OF
") #PT#JTPO SFNBJOT BOE MJUIJDT
JT MPDBUFE CFMPX UIF -BTU *OUFSHMBDJBM&BSMZ (MBDJBM QFEPDPNQMFY UIF đSTU PG UIJT BHF JO UIF
TPVUIXFTUFSO &&1 ăSFF ")T BSF MPDBUFE BCPWF JO UIF &BSMZ (MBDJBM BOE &BSMZ BOE .JEEMF 1MFOJHMBDJBM EFQPTJUT SFTQFDUJWFMZ 0VS
SFTVMUT JODMVEF B EFUBJMFE DISPOPTUSBUJHSBQIJD BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM SFDPSE 1FEPTUSBUJHSBQIJD BOE QBMZOPMPHJDBM EBUB BMMPX B EFUBJMFE
SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOEJUJPOT EVSJOH /FBOEFSUIBM PDDVQBUJPO BU UIF TJUF 'VSUIFS XF DPNQBSF UIF OFX /FQPSP
UPWP EBUBTFU XJUI FYJTUJOH BOE OFX EBUB PO UIF .PVTUFSJBO PG UIF .JEEMF %OJFTUS WBMMFZ JODMVEJOH UIF MPXFS ")T PG .PMPEPWB
7 8F DPODMVEF UIBU IPNJOJOT XFSF QSFTFOU PO UIF TPVUIXFTUFSO &&1 QSJPS UP UIF -BTU *OUFSHMBDJBM BOE UIBU NPTU MJLFMZ UIF .JEEMF
1BMBFPMJUIJD IPSJ[POT BU .PMPEPWB 7 m BT BU /FQPSPUPWP QSFEBUF UIF .JEEMF 1MFOJHMBDJBM 'VSUIFS XF TIPX UIBU /FBOEFSUIBMT
PDDVQJFE UIF TPVUIXFTUFSO &&1 EVSJOH DPME BOE BSJE QFSJPET
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI JT GVOEFE CZ UIF -FBLFZ 'PVOEBUJPO B &6 '1 .BSJF $VSJF $BSFFS *OUFHSBUJPO (SBOU UIF
.BY1MBODL4PDJFUZ UIF .D%POBME *OTUJUVUF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI % . .D%POBME (SBOUT BOE "XBSET 'VOE
UIF 4JS
*TBBD /FXUPO 5SVTU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF BOE UIF .0 3FTFBSDI 1SPKFDU PG UIF #FMHJBO 4DJFODF 1PMJDZ
3FGFSFODFT<> )PĈFDLFS +' %FTPMBUF -BOETDBQFT *DF"HF 4FUUMFNFOU JO &BTUFSO &VSPQF 3VUHFST 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT /FX #SVOTXJDL /FX
+FSTFZ <> $IFSOZTI "1 1BMBFPMJUIJD BOE .FTPMJUIJD PG UIF %OJFTUFS "SFB /BVLB .PTDPX JO 3VTTJBO
<> ,MFJO 3( *DF"HF )VOUFST
PG UIF 6LSBJOF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $IJDBHP 1SFTT $IJDBHP <> *WBOPWB *, 1BMFPHFPHSBQIZ BOE 1BMBFPFDPMPHZ PG UIF FOWJSPONFOU PG TUPOF BHF NFO
JOIBCJUBODF JO UIF .JEEMF %OJFTUS TJUF .PMPEPWB 7 *O *, *WBOPWB 4. 5[FJUMJO FET
ăF .VMUJMBZFSE 1BMFPMJUIJD 4JUF .PMPEPWB 7 ăF 4UPOF .FO
BOE &OWJSPONFOU /BVLB .PTDPX QQ JO 3VTTJBO
<> )BFTBFSUT 1 #PS[JBL * $IJSJDB 7 %BNCMPO ' ,PVMBLPWTLB - 7BO EFS 1MJDIU +
ăF &BTU $BSQBUIJBO -PFTT 3FDPSE " 3FGFSFODF GPS UIF .JEEMF BOE -BUF 1MFOJHBMDJBM 4USBUJHSBQIZ JO $FOUSBM &VSPQF õVBUFSOBJSF 124
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B .FTPMJUIJD BOJNBM FYQMPJUBUJPO BOE QBMBFPFDPOPNZ %JTDVTTJPO PG B OFX NFUIPEPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDI
&MJTBCFUI /PBDL1
.0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO
%VSJOH UIF )PMPDFOF UXP FDPOPNJD TZTUFNT XFSF QVSTVFE i/FPMJUIJDu BHSJDVMUVSF BOE TUPDL CSFFEJOH BOE i.FTPMJUIJDu FYQMPJUB
UJWF IVOUJOH HBUIFSJOH BOE đTIJOH 5P VOEFSTUBOE UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIFTF PQQPTJUJPOBM FDPOPNJD DPODFQUT B EFUBJMFE TUVEZ
PG FDPOPNJD QSBDUJDFT BQQMJFE EVSJOH UIF .FTPMJUIJD JT OFDFTTBSZ "HBJOTU UIJT CBDLHSPVOE B OFX FDPOPNJDBMMZ GPDVTTFE NFUIPE
PMPHZ XJMM CF EJTDVTTFE
4UVEJFT PG FDPOPNJD TZTUFNT DPOTJEFS CBTJD RVFTUJPOT SFMBUFE OPU POMZ UP TVCTJTUFODF CVU UP B XJEF TQFDUSVN PG QIZTJDBM BOE
TPDJBM SFRVJSFNFOUT ăFSFGPSF QBMBFPFDPOPNJD CFIBWJPVS FODPNQBTTFT BMM BDUJWJUJFT OFDFTTBSZ UP HBJO TVTUFOBODF BOE JT NBOJGFTUFE
JO WBSJPVT BTQFDUT PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE 0OF XBZ UP DIBSBDUFSJ[F UIFTF DPNQMFY TZTUFNT JT UIF BQQMJDBUJPO PG B NFUIPEPMPHZ
XIJDI JT CBTFE PO BO FDPOPNJD DPODFQU DVSSFOUMZ VTFE GPS EJTDVTTJPO PO /FPMJUIJD FDPOPNZ *O B QJMPU TUVEZ UIF BQQSPBDI PG
iUPUBMu BOJNBM FYQMPJUBUJPO TFF 'POUBOB FU BM JT DPNCJOFE XJUI B QBMBFPFDPOPNJD NPEFM *O UIJT NPEFM UIF DPNQPOFOUT PG
UIF FOUJSF QBMBFPFDPOPNJD TZTUFN BSF EFđOFE BOE SFMBUFE UP FBDI PUIFS 5P JMMVTUSBUF UIF QPUFOUJBM PG UIJT NFUIPEPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDI
POF BTQFDU PG NFTPMJUIJD FDPOPNJD CFIBWJPVS UIF FYQMPJUBUJPO PG IVOUFE BOJNBMT JT DPOTJEFSFE ăF CJH HBNF TQFDJFT TVDI BT SFE
EFFS SPF EFFS FML BVSPDIT BOE CPBS BSF BOBMZTFE JO SFHBSE UP EJĈFSFOU BTQFDUT PG UIFJS FYQMPJUBUJPO ăFSFGPSF GPPE SFNBJOT BOE
SFNBJOT PG PSHBOJD UPPM QSPEVDUJPO GSPN FBSMZ .FTPMJUIJD OPSUIFSO (FSNBO TJUFT BSF DPNQBSFE XJUI SFHBSE UP UIF GSFRVFODZ PG
TQFDJFT SFQSFTFOUFE ăF GBVOBM NBUFSJBM PSJHJOBUFT GSPN MBLFTIPSF TJUFT JODMVEJOH )PIFO 7JFDIFMO BOE 3PUIFOLMFNQFOPX
ăF QJMPU TUVEZ EFNPOTUSBUFT UIBU BOJNBM TQFDJFT DBO CF SFHBSEFE BT BO FOUJUZ UIBU JT FRVJQQFE XJUI B TQFDJđD TFU PG DPNQPOFOUT
ăVT IVNBO FYQMPJUBUJPO PG WBSJPVT BOJNBM TQFDJFT JT OPU TPMFMZ CBTFE PO OVUSJUJPOBM SFRVJSFNFOUT 5P VOEFSTUBOE UIF DPOUSJCVUJPO
PG FBDI BOJNBM TQFDJFT XJUIJO UIF FDPOPNJD TZTUFN UIF EJĈFSFOU BTQFDUT PG UIFJS VUJMJUZ VTF IBWF UP CF DPOTJEFSFE BOE SFMBUFE UP
FBDI PUIFS 4UVEJFT PO UIF .FTPMJUIJD CBTFE PO B IPMJTUJD QPJOU PG WJFX HBJO OFX JOTJHIUT JOUP QBTU IVNBO CFIBWJPVS #BTFE PO
UIJT TUVEZ EJBDISPOJD BOBMZTJT PG QSFDFEJOH BOE TVDDFFEJOH BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QFSJPET DPVME JNQSPWF PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG FDPOPNJD
FWPMVUJPO EVSJOH UIF )PMPDFOF
3FGFSFODFT<> 'POUBOB - $IBVWJÍSF '9 BOE #SJEBVMU " *O TFBSDI PG UPUBM BOJNBM FYQMPJUBUJPO JOUSPEVDUJPO *O - 'POUBOB'9
$IBVWJÍSF BOE " #SJEBVMU &ET
*O TFBSDI PG UPUBM BOJNBM FYQMPJUBUJPO $BTF TUVEJFT GSPN UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD BOE .FTPMJUIJD 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF
97UI 6*411 $POHSFTT 4FTTJPO $ #"3 *OUFSOBUJPOBM 4FSJFT m 4FQUFNCFS -JTCPO "SDIBFQSFTT0YCPX 0YGPSE QQ m
125
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 5FDIOPUZQPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG CJGBDJBM DPNQPOFOU BU (PNCF TJUF ,JOTIBTB %3$
"O BTTFTTNFOU PG
UIF -VQFNCBO JO 8FTUFSO $FOUSBM "GSJDB
4ZMWJF /VNVIJSF1
6OJWFSTJUÊ -JCSF EF #SVYFMMFT 6-# #&
ăF -VQFNCBO OBNFE BĕFS UIF FQPOZN TJUF PG -VQFNCB XIJDI JT MPDBUFE JO UIF TPVUI PG UIF %FNPDSBUJD 3FQVCMJD PG $POHP
EFTJHOBUFT B MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ GSPN UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF JO $FOUSBM "GSJDB 0OF PG UIF TJHOJđDBOU UZQPMPHJDBM BTQFDUT PG UIJT JOEVT
USZ JT UIF QSFTFODF PG DPSFBYFT BOE QPJOUT BT XFMM BT UIF DPNQPOFOU PG CJGBDJBM LOBQQJOH <> *UT HFPHSBQIJDBM EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE JUT
DISPOPMPHJDBM MJNJUT BSF IPXFWFS WFSZ ĔFYJCMF ăJT CSPBE JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG UIF -VQFNCBO *OEVTUSJBM $PNQMFY JT NBJOMZ SFMBUFE
UP UIF IJTUPSZ PG JUT EFđOJUJPO PSJHJOBMMZ CBTFE PO TVSGBDF DPMMFDUJPOT BOE BMTP UP UIF BUUFNQUT PG IBSNPOJ[JOH WBSJPVT MPDBM BOE
SFHJPOBM TFRVFODFT PG TVC4BIBSBO "GSJDBO MJUIJD NBUFSJBM EVSJOH UIF TFDPOE IBMG PG UIF UXFOUJFUI DFOUVSZ <> 3FDFOU SFTFBSDI PO
UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF BOE NPSF QBSUJDVMBSMZ UIF EBUJOH FWJEFODF UIBU IBT CFDPNF BWBJMBCMF GPS -VQFNCBO SFGFSFODF TJUFT TVDI BT
,BMBNCP 'BMMT 5XJO 3JWFST CPUI MPDBUFE JO ;BNCJB
BOE 4BJ *TMBOE 4VEBO
BMMPXT GPS B OFX BTTFTTNFOU PG -VQFNCBO NBUFSJBMT
JO UIF XFTUFSO BOE FBTUFSO SFHJPOT PG $FOUSBM "GSJDB 5P EP TP XF GPDVTFE PO UIF MJUIJD NBUFSJBM GSPN UIF MPXFS MBZFST PG UIF đSTU
FYDBWBUJPOT DPOEVDUFE CZ +FBO $PMFUUF CFUXFFO FU BU (PNCF FY,BMJOB %3$
m SFGFSFODF TJUF GPS 8FTUFSO $FOUSBM
"GSJDB m XIJDI JT DVSSFOUMZ QSFTFSWFE BU UIF 3PZBM .VTFVN GPS $FOUSBM "GSJDB 5FSWVSFO #FMHJVN
ăPVHI $PMFUUF IJNTFMG EF
TDSJCFE UIFTF BTTFNCMBHFT BT ,BMJOJBO BOE %KPLPDJBO UIFZ IBWF CFDPNF JODMVEFE JO UIF -VQFNCBO DPNQMFY ăF SFTUVEZ JNQMJFE
B SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF PSJHJOBM TUSBUJHSBQIJD QPTJUJPO PG UIF WBSJPVT BSUFGBDUT UISPVHI BSDIJWFT BOE EFDPEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF
MJUIJD QJFDFT UIFNTFMWFT *O UIJT QPTUFS XF SFQPSU PO UIF SFTVMUT PG UIF UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF DPSFBYFT BOE QPJOUT XIJDI
BSF DPOTJEFSFE BT UZQJDBM PG UIF -VQFNCBO BOE UP XIJDI FYUFOU UIF (PNCF MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ JT TJNJMBS UP UIPTF PG PUIFS TJUFT DPOTJE
FSFE -VQFNCBO CPUI JO &BTUFSO BOE JO 8FTUFSO $FOUSBM "GSJDB <> <> <> <>
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL UIF GPMMPXJOH QFPQMF GPS UIFJS TDJFOUJđD TVQQPSU JO QSFQBSJOH UIJT QPTUFS & $PSOFMJTTFO
BU UIF 3PZBM .VTFVN GPS $FOUSBM "GSJDB BOE 0 (PTTFMBJO BOE . (SPFOFO BU UIF 6OJWFSTJUÊ -JCSF EF #SVYFMMFT BOE BMTP UP /
%FWMFFTDIPVXFS BOE " 7SBM BU UIF 3.$" GPS UIFJS BTTJTUBODF JO DPOTVMUJOH UIF BSDIJWFT BOE DPMMFDUJPOT
3FGFSFODFT<> $MBSL +% ,MFJOEJFOTU .3 ăF 4UPOF "HF $VMUVSBM 4FRVFODF UFSNJOPMPHZ UZQPMPHZ BOE SBX NBUFSJBM *O $MBSL +% &E
,BMBNCP 'BMMT 1SFIJTUPSJD 4JUF WPM ăF &BSMJFS $VMUVSFT .JEEMF BOE &BSMJFS 4UPOF "HF $BNCSJEHF 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT $BNCSJEHF QQ m <>
$BIFO % /PVWFMMFT GPVJMMFT Æ MB QPJOUF EF MB (PNCF FYQPJOUF EF ,BMJOB
,JOTIBTB ;BÐSF -"OUISPQPMPHJF <> -BOGSBODIJ 3
$MJTU # &ET
"VY PSJHJOT EF M"GSJRVF DFOUSBMF .JOJTUÍSF EF MB $PPQÊSBUJPO FU EV %ÊWFMPQQFNFOU -JCSFWJMMF <> 3PUT 7 7BO 1FFS 1 &BSMZ FWJEFODF PG DPNQMFYJUZ JO MJUIJD FDPOPNZ DPSFBYF QSPEVDUJPO IBĕJOH BOE VTF BU -BUF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF # 4BJ *TMBOE 4VEBO
+PVSOBM
PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <> 5BZMPS / ăF PSJHJOT PG IVOUJOH HBUIFSJOH JO UIF $POHP CBTJO B QFSTQFDUJWF PO UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF
"HF -VQFNCBO JOEVTUSZ #FGPSF 'BSNJOH 126
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S .PSQIPNFUSJD NBQT PG UIF EFWFMPQJOH IVNBO IVNFSVT
ăPNBT 0.BIPOFZ1 1IJMJQ 8JUIFST1 8JMMJBN 4FMMFST1 "OESFX $IBNCFSMBJO1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG .BODIFTUFS
ăF HSPXUI BOE EFWFMPQNFOU PG MPOH CPOFT BSF PG DPOTJEFSBCMF JOUFSFTU JO UIF đFME PG DPNQBSBUJWF BOBUPNZ BOE QBMBFPBOUISPQPMPHZ
BT TUVEZ PG NPEFSO HSPVQT DBO QPUFOUJBMMZ CF VTFE BT BOBMPHVFT GPS SFDPOTUSVDUJOH QBTU CFIBWJPVS 5SBEJUJPOBMMZ DSPTT TFDUJPOBM
HFPNFUSZ PG MPOH CPOFT IBT CFFO FYBNJOFE BU TFU JOUFSWBMT BMPOH UIF TIBĕ .PSF SFDFOUMZ UIF UFDIOJRVF PG uNPSQIPNFUSJD NBQQJOHu
FH #POEJPMJ FU BM .PSJNPUP FU BM IBT CFFO VTFE BT CPUI BO FYQMPSBUPSZ BOE B IZQPUIFTJT UFTUJOH UFDIOJRVF 8F
DPODFOUSBUF JO UIJT QBSUJDVMBS TUVEZ PO B MBSHF EFWFMPQNFOUBM TFSJFT PG IVNBO IVNFSJ O BHFT XFFLT JOVUFSP UP ZFBST
ăF DPSUJDBM UIJDLOFTT BOE CJPNFDIBOJDBM QSPQFSUJFT CFUXFFO BOE EJTUBODF GSPN UIF EJTUBM NFUBQIZTJT XFSF NBQQFE JO JOUFSWBMT BQQSPYJNBUFMZ FWFSZ JO PSEFS UP BOTXFS B TFU PG RVFTUJPOT BT XFMM BT NPSF HFOFSBM FYQMPSBUJPO ăFTF RVFTUJPOT
XFSF
· "SF UIFSF TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJđDBOU EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO BHF HSPVQT BOE DBO JOGFSSFE CSPBE BDUJWJUZ QBUUFSOT BDDPVOU GPS UIFTF
· "U XIBU BHF HSPVQ EPFT B NPSF ABEVMU QBUUFSO PG NPSQIPMPHZ NBOJGFTU JUTFMG
· "SF UIF DPOWFOUJPOBM JOUFSWBMT CJPNFDIBOJDBMMZ NFBOJOHGVM
.FUIPET "MM IVNFSJ BSF GSPN B MBSHF NFEJFWBM DFNFUFSZ TFSJFT /FXDBTUMF #MBDLHBUF
BOE BMM TQFDJNFOT BOBMZTFE QSFTFSWFE BMM
PG UIF BSFB PG JOUFSFTU #POFT XFSF TDBOOFE PWFS EBZT VTJOH B /JLPO .FUSJT $VTUPN #BZ BU ,F7 XJUI OP đMUFS 4DBOT XFSF SF
DPOTUSVDUFE GSPN SBX UJĈT BOE TPOPHSBNT VTJOH /JLPO $5 1SP BOE .BUMBC ăF CPOFT XFSF UIFO BMJHOFE BMPOH QSJODJQBM BYFT BOE
TFHNFOUFE VTJOH "WJ[P ăF TFHNFOUFE 5*''T XFSF UIFO BOBMZTFE VTJOH BVUPNBUFE CBUDI SPVUJOFT JO .BUMBC BOE *NBHF+ ăF NBQT
XFSF BOBMZTFE VTJOH B GBTU 'PVSJFS USBOTGPSN GPMMPXFE CZ 1$" 6TJOH UIFTF NFUIPET XF BSF BCMF UP EFNPOTUSBUF UIF TJHOJđDBOU
EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO BHF HSPVQT 8F BMTP BQQMZ UIF TBNF NFUIPEPMPHZ UP UIF QBSUJBM /FBOEFSUIBM KVWFOJMF IVNFSJ GSPN 8FJNBS
&ISJOHTEPSG 4FTTFMGFMTHSPUUF BOE ,SBQJOB BOE QSFTFOU UIFJS SFTQFDUJWF NBQT GPS WJTVBM DPNQBSJTPO BOE JOUFSQSFUBUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM UP .ST ,BZ )JODLMFZ BOE .S + %BWJETPO GPS GVOEJOH UIJT TUVEZ BOE QSFTFOUBUJPO $IBSMPUUF
#SBTTFZ HBWF BTTJTUBODF XJUI MPHJTUJDBM BTQFDUT PG $5 TDBOOJOH BOE QPTUQSPDFTTJOH BT XFMM BT IFMQGVM EJTDVTTJPO PG CJPNFDIBOJDT
5SJTUBO -PXF QSPWJEFE BTTJTUBODF XJUI UIF /JLPO DVTUPN #BZ BOE %JBOF .BIPOFZ 4XBMFT BTTJTUFE XJUI TBNQMF TFMFDUJPO BOE EFO
UBM BHFJOH 8F XPVME MJLF UP BDLOPXMFEHF UIF BTTJTUBODF QSPWJEFE CZ UIF .BODIFTUFS 9SBZ *NBHJOH 'BDJMJUZ XIJDI XBT GVOEFE JO
QBSU CZ UIF &143$ HSBOUT &1' &1' BOE &1*9
8F BSF BMTP HSBUFGVM UP UIF /&4104 TPDJFUZ GPS
NBLJOH UIF 8FJNBS&ISJOHTEPSG ,SBQJOB BOE 4FTTFMGFMTHSPUUF $5 EBUB BWBJMBCMF
3FGFSFODFT<> #POEJPMJ - #BZMF 1 %FBO $ .B[VSJFS " 1VZNFSBJM - 3VĈ $ 4UPDL + 5 7PMQBUP 7 ;BOPMMJ $ .BDDIJBSFMMJ 3 5FDIOJDBM
OPUF .PSQIPNFUSJD NBQT PG MPOH CPOF TIBĕT BOE EFOUBM SPPUT GPS JNBHJOH UPQPHSBQIJD UIJDLOFTT WBSJBUJPO "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <>
.PSJNPUP / ;PMMJLPGFS $1& 1PODF EF -FÓO . &YQMPSJOH GFNPSBM EJBQIZTFBM TIBQF WBSJBUJPO JO XJME BOE DBQUJWF DIJNQBO[FFT CZ NFBOT PG
NPSQIPNFUSJD NBQQJOH B UFTU PG 8PMĈ T -BX "OBU 3FD 127
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S ăF TUPVU OBWJDVMBS CPOFT GSPN UIF UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF PG 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT "UBQVFSDB
#VSHPT 4QBJO
"ESJÃO 1BCMPT1,2,3 $BSMPT -PSFO[P2,4 *HOBDJP .BSUÎOF[2,5 "OB (SBDJB5ÊMMF[2,5 +PTÊ .JHVFM $BSSFUFSP1,2 +VBO -VJT
"STVBHB2,6
-BC &WPMVDJÓO )VNBOB 6OJW #VSHPT p $FOUSP NJYUP 6$.*4$*** EF *OWFTUJHBDJÓO TPCSF &WPMVDJÓO Z $PNQPSUBNJFOUP
)VNBOPT .BESJE p $FOUSP /BDJPOBM EF *OWFTUJHBDJÓO TPCSF &WPMVDJÓO )VNBOB $&/*&)
p "SFB 1SFIJTU 6OJW 3PWJSB J
7JSHJMJ *1)&4 *OTUJUVU $BUBMÆ EF 1BMFPFDPMPHJB )VNBOB J &WPMVDJÓ 4PDJBM 5BSSBHPOB p ¦SFB 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB %FQBSU (FPHSBGÎB
Z .FEJP "NCJFOUF 6OJWFSTJEBE EF "MDBMÃ p %FQBSU 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB 6OJW $PNQMVUFOTF EF .BESJE
*O UIF )PNP GPTTJM SFDPSE JT OPU GSFRVFOU UIF FYJTUFODF PG GPPU SFNBJOT QSJPS UP /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT 4PNF OBWJDVMBS
CPOFT IBWF CFFO QSFWJPVTMZ EFTDSJCFE FH +JOOJVTIBO 0) BOE -#
)PXFWFS JU JT VOLOPXO XIFO UIF NPEFSO NPSQIPMPHZ PG
UIF OBWJDVMBS IBT BSJTFO 5SJOLBVT <> FTUBCMJTIFE B NPEFSO NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM GPPU JOEJTUJOHVJTIBCMF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT
JO UIF JNQMJFE MPDPNPUPS DBQBCJMJUJFT /FWFSUIFMFTT UIJT BVUIPS FTUBCMJTIFE B HSFBU OBWJDVMBS UVCFSPTJUZ BOE B HFOFSBM SPCVTUJDJUZ GPS
UIJT CPOF JO /FBOEFSUBMT SFMBUJWF UP NPEFSO IVNBOT *O UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF PG 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT 4)
OBWJDVMBS CPOFT
IBWF CFFO SFDPWFSFE XIJDI SFQSFTFOU OFBSMZ UIF IBMG PG UIF )PNP GPTTJM SFDPSE QSJPS UP )PNP TBQJFOT ăF TBNQMF PG OBWJDVMBS CPOFT
GSPN 4) DPSSFTQPOET UP B NJOJNVN OVNCFS PG JOEJWJEVBMT PG XIBU SFQSFTFOU UIF IBMG PG UIF JOEJWJEVBMT JEFOUJđFE JO UIF
XIPMF TBNQMF <> -VNJOFTDFODF BOE QBMFPNBHOFUJD EBUJOH TVHHFTU B NJOJNVN BHF GPS UIF 4) IPNJOJOT PG LB <> ăJT EBUF JT
JO CSPBE BHSFFNFOU XJUI UIF FWJEFODF QSPWJEFE GPS UIF BODJFOU NJUPDIPOESJBM %/" <> %VF UP UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ BOE NPSQIPMPH
JDBM SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO /FBOEFSUBMT BOE UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT IPNJOJOT JNQPSUBOU JOGPSNBUJPO DBO CF FYUSBDUFE GSPN UIF 4)
OBWJDVMBS CPOFT UIBU JT SFMFWBOU UP VOEFSTUBOEJOH UIF FWPMVUJPO PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM GPPU ăF BOBMZTJT PG NFUSJDBM WBSJBCMFT JO UIF
IVHF DPMMFDUJPO PG UIF OBWJDVMBS CPOFT GSPN UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT TJUF BMMPXT VT FTUBCMJTIJOH TJNJMBSJUJFT PS EJĈFSFODFT XJUI PUIFS
TBNQMFTQPQVMBUJPOT ăF OBWJDVMBS PG UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT BT UIBU PG /FBOEFSUBMT JT SPCVTU WFSZ CSPBE BOE XJUI B TJHOJđDBUJWFMZ
XJEF UBMBS BSUJDVMBS GBDFU )PXFWFS UIF OBWJDVMBS CPOFT GSPN UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT TIPX TJHOJđDBOU EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF NJOJNVN
JOUFSBSUJDVMBS UIJDLOFTT XIJDI JT MPXFS UIBO JO UIPTF GSPN /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT 'VSUIFSNPSF B WFSZ QSPKFDUFE OBWJD
VMBS UVCFSPTJUZ JO 4) EJĈFSFOUJBUFT JU PG /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT ăF XFJHIUCFBSJOH UVCFSDMFT PO UIF OBWJDVMBS JOEJDBUF
B IJHI CPEZ TJ[F JO UIF IPNJOJOT GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT ăJT TUVEZ DPOđSNT UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIJT .JE
EMF 1MFJTUPDFOF QPQVMBUJPO BOE UIF /FBOEFSUBMT /FWFSUIFMFTT TPNF USBJUT EJĈFSFOUJBUF UIF 4) IPNJOJOT BOE /FBOEFSUBM OBWJDVMBS
CPOFT ăFTF SFTVMUT BSF BMTP JO BDDPSEBODF XJUI UIF QSPQPTFE MBSHF DPSQPSBM TJ[F GPS UIF QPQVMBUJPO GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT BOE
UIF QSJNJUJWF CJPUZQF PG UIJT IPNJOJOT GSPN UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF <>
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF EFFQMZ HSBUFGVM UP 4) FYDBWBUJPO UFBN BOE PVS DPMMFBHVFT GSPN -&)*4$*** 8F BSF JOEFCUFE UP
NBOZ QFPQMF XIP IBWF BMMPXFE BDDFTT UP TPNF JNQPSUBOU TLFMFUBM DPMMFDUJPOT ăJT SFTFBSDI JT GVOEFE CZ +VOUB EF $BTUJMMB Z -FÓO
'VOEBDJÓO "UBQVFSDB .JOJTUFSJP EF &DPOPNÎB Z $PNQFUJUJWJEBE PG 4QBJO 1SPKFDU $(-$ 4(3
QSPKFDU BOE &VSPQFBO 4PDJBM 'VOE 'POEP 4PDJBM &VSPQFP$1*/""
"(5 IBT B $POUSBDU(SBOU
GSPN UIF 3BNÓO Z $BKBM 1SPHSBN 3:$
3FGFSFODFT<> 5SJOLBVT & " GVODUJPOBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM GPPU 1I% %JTTFSUBUJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1FOOTZMWBOJB <> #FSNÙEF[ EF
$BTUSP +. .BSUJOÓO5PSSFT . -P[BOP . 4BSNJFOUP 4 .VFMB " 1BMBFPEFNPHSBQIZ PG UIF "UBQVFSDB4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT .JEEMF
1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJE TBNQMF " SFWJTJPO BOE OFX BQQSPBDIFT UP UIF QBMFPEFNPHSBQIZ PG UIF &VSPQFBO .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF QPQVMBUJPO + "OUISPQPM 3FT
m <> "SOPME -+ %FNVSP . 1BSÊT +. "STVBHB +- "SBOCVSV " #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +. $BSCPOFMM & -VNJOFTDFODF EBUJOH
BOE QBMBFPNBHOFUJD BHF DPOTUSBJOU PO IPNJOJOT GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT "UBQVFSDB 4QBJO + )VN &WPM m <> .FZFS . 'V 2
"YJNV1FUSJ " (MPDLF * /JDLFM # "STVBHB +- .BSUÎOF[ * (SBDJB " #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +. $BSCPOFMM & 1ÅÅCP 4 " NJUPDIPOESJBM
HFOPNF TFRVFODF PG B IPNJOJO GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT /BUVSF m <> "STVBHB +- -PSFO[P $ $BSSFUFSP +. (SBDJB " .BSUÎOF[ *
(BSDÎB / #FSNÙEF[ EF $BTUSP +. $BSCPOFMM & " DPNQMFUF IVNBO QFMWJT GSPN UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF PG 4QBJO /BUVSF m
128
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 5FDIOPGVODUJPOBM GFBUVSFT PG UIF 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO CBDLFE
CMBEFMFUT GSPN GPVS 'SFODI MJUIJD
BTTFNCMBHFT
"NBSBOUB 1BTRVJOJ1
"JY .BSTFJMMF 6OJWFSTJUÊ $/34 .$$ -".1&" -BCPSBUPJSF .ÊEJUFSSBOÊFO EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF &VSPQF "GSJRVF
6.3 'SBODF
#FUXFFO BOE LB #1 NBKPS USBOTGPSNBUJPOT DIBSBDUFSJ[F UIF .JEEMF6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD iUSBOTJUJPOu JO UIF 8FTUFSO &VSPQF
UIF EJTBQQFBSBODF PG /FBOEFSUIBM DPODPNJUBOU XJUI UIF BSSJWBM PG TBQJFOT ".)
UIF FNFSHFODF BOE UIF TQSFBE PG PTTFPVT UPPM
QSPEVDUJPO UIF FYQBOE PG CMBEF TUPOF UPPM UFDIOPMPHZ BMPOH XJUI CMBEFMFU QSPEVDUJPO ăF CMBEFMFU TUSBUFHZ CFDPNFT POF PG UIF
NPTU JNQPSUBOU DVMUVSBM NBSLFST PG UIF MJUIJD JOEVTUSJFT BU UIF CFHJOOJOH PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD < > " TPMJE IPNPHFOFJUZ PG
CBDLFE CMBEFMFUT XJUI BCSVQU NBSHJOBM JOWFSTF BOE FWFO BMUFSOBUF SFUPVDIJOH m BLB %VGPVS CMBEFMFUT m BCPWF BMM BOE TPNF SBSF
FYBNQMFT PG EJSFDU SFUPVDI PO POF PS UXP FEHFT PĕFO PO UIF EJTUBM FOE
EJTUJOHVJTI UIF "VSJHOBDJBO MJUIJD USBEJUJPOT &BSMZ "VSJH
OBDJBO BOE 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO
JO B MBSHF BSFB GSPN UIF /FBS &BTU UP UIF 8FTU PG &VSPQF #BDLFE CMBEFMFUT DPOTUJUVUF UIF NBJO QBSU
PG UIF SFUPVDIFE UPPM VQ UP 'PS UIJT SFBTPO NBOZ EJTDVTTJPOT IBWF UBLFO QMBDF SFDFOUMZ SFHBSEJOH UIF UZQPMPHJDBM BOE UFDI
OPMPHJDBM TQFDJđDUZ PG UIJT NJDSPMJUIJD QSPEVDUJPO < > *U BQQFBST UIBU UIF TNBMM BOE UXJTUFE %VGPVS CBDLFE CMBEFMFU QSPEVDUJPO
EJĈFSFOUJBUFT UIF &BSMZ "VSJHOBDJBO MJUIJD USBEJUJPO GSPN UIF UZQJDBM 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO POF JOEFQFOEFOU SFEVDUJPO TFRVFODF WFSTVT
JOUFSDBMBUFE CMBEF SFEVDUJPO TFRVFODF
ăF GVODUJPO PG "VSJHOBDJBO CMBEFMFU QSPEVDUJPO JT POF PG UIF NPTU JOUFSFTUJOH UPQJDT JO
SFDFOU ZFBST BNPOH TDIPMBST XPSLJOH PO UIF CFHJOOJOH PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD )PXFWFS BU QSFTFOU POMZ TPNF TQFDJđD TUVEJFT
NBJOMZ CBTFE PO MPXQPXFS BQQSPBDI IBWF CFFO DBSSJFE PVU BOE FYDMVTJWFMZ PO &BSMZ "VSJHOBDJBO SFUPVDIFE CMBEFMFUT ăF BJN PG
UIJT QBQFS JT UP QSFTFOU UIF GVODUJPOBM BOBMZTJT CZ DPNCJOFE IJHI BOE MPXQPXFS BQQSPBDIFT PG UIF GVMM 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO MJUIJD
BTTFNCMBHFT GSPN GPVS 'SFODI TJUFT UISFF BSPVOE UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO GSJOHF BSFB 0CTFSWBUPJSF &TRVJDIP (SBQBPV -BPV[B
BOE
POF GSPN UIF JOOFS DPOUJOFOUBM SFHJPO $PUUÊT
<> 8F XJMM GPDVT PO UIF QSPEVDUJPO BOE DPOTVNQUJPO TUSBUFHJFT PG CMBEFMFU QSP
EVDUJPO 8FSF 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO CMBEFMFUT VTFE FYDMVTJWFMZ GPS IVOUJOH BDUJWJUJFT BT TVHHFTUFE CZ TPNF "VSJHOBDJBO %VGPVS CBDLFE
CMBEFMFUT )PX XFSF UIFZ VUJMJTFE %PFT UIFJS NPSQIPNFUSJD WBSJBCJMJUZ SFQSFTFOU B EJTDSJNJOBUJOH GBDUPS GPS GVODUJPOBM QVSQPTFT
$BO XF DPOTJEFS UIF VOSFUPVDIFE JUFNT POMZ BT EJTDBSEFE
EFCSJT PS DPVME UIFZ IBWF CFFO BO VOVTFE TUPDL PG CMBOLT 0S IBWF
UIFTF CFFO VTFE BT XFMM ăF SFTVMUT PG PVS BOBMZTJT BMMPX VT UP IJHIMJHIU TPNF NBKPS JTTVFT
· 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO CMBEFMFUT IBE B NVMUJGVODUJPOBM SPMF BT QSPKFDUJMF FMFNFOUT BT XFMM BT GPS iEPNFTUJDu QVSQPTFT IBĕFE
JOEJWJEVBMMZ PS JO TFSJFT
· " HSFBU WBSJFUZ PG VOSFUPVDIFE MBNFMMBS JUFNT XFSF VTFE BDDPSEJOH UP UIF NPSQIPUFDIOJDBM DIBSBDUFST PG UIFJS CMBOL
ăF JNQMJDBUJPOT BOE JNQPSUBODF PG UIFTF SFTVMUT UIF NVMUJGVODUJPOBM SPMF PG CMBEFMFUT BOE UIF VUJMJTBUJPO PG UIF VOSFUPVDIFE JUFNT
XJMM CF EJTDVTTFE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL ) 1MJTTPO GPS IJT TVQQPSU UISPVHIPVU NZ SFTFBSDI * BN WFSZ HSBUFGVM UP OVNFSPVT
QFPQMF GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP UIF MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT GPS NZ 1I % SFTFBSDI . 4PSFTTJ GPS $PUUÊT ( 1PSSB[ BOE 1 4JNPO GPS
0CTFSWBUPJSF ' #B[JMF GPS &TRVJDIP(SBQBPV BOE -BPV[B
3FGFSFODFT<> ;JMIÈP + %&SSJDP ' FET
ăF DISPOPMPHZ PG UIF "VSJHOBDJBO BOE PG UIF USBOTJUJPOBM UFDIOPDPNQMFYFT EBUJOH TUSBUJHSBQIJFT
DVMUVSBM JNQMJDBUJPOT -JTCPB *OTUJUVUP 1PSUVHVËT EF "SRVFPMPHJB <> #BS:PTFG 0 ;JMIÈP + FET
5PXBSET B EFđOJUJPO PG UIF "VSJHOBDJBO
QSPDFFEJOHT PG UIF TZNQPTJVN IFME JO -JTCPO 1PSUVHBM KVOF -JTCPB *OTUJUVUP 1PSUVHVËT EF "SRVFPMPHJB <> #PO ' .BÎMMP
'FSOÃOEF[ +. 0SUFHB $PCPT % FET
"VUPVS EFT DPODFQUT EF 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJFO E"VSJHOBDJFO BSDIBÐRVF JOJUJBM FU BODJFO VOJUÊ FU WBSJBCJMJUÊ
EFT DPNQPSUFNFOUT UFDIOJRVFT EFT QSFNJFST HSPVQFT EIPNNFT NPEFSOFT EBOT MF TVE EF MB 'SBODF FU MF OPSE EF M&TQBHOF &O UPSOP B MPT DPODFQUPT EF
1SPUPBVSJÒBDJFOTF "VSJÒBDJFOTF BSDBJDP JOJDJBM Z BOUJHVP VOJEBE Z WBSJBCJMJEBE EF MPT DPNQPSUBNJFOUPT UFDOPMÓHJDPT EF MPT QSJNFSPT HSVQPT EF
IVNBOPT NPEFSOPT FO FM TVS EF 'SBODJB Z OPSUF EF &TQBÒB "DUBT EF MB NFTB SFEPOEB 5PVMPVTF GFCSFSP NBS[P 6OJWFSTJEBE OBDJPOBM EF &EVDBDJÓO
B %JTUBOJDB 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 5PVMPVTF -F .JSBJM 6OJWFSTJUBU EF (JSPOB &TQBDJP UJFNQP Z GPSNB 4FSJF * 1SFIJTUPSJB Z BSRVFPMPHÎB O 6/&%
.BESJE <> -F #SVO3JDBMFOT ' FU BM FET
1SPEVDUJPOT MBNFMMBJSFT BUUSJCVÊFT Æ M"VSJHOBDJFO DIBÏOFT PQÊSBUPJSFT FU QFSTQFDUJWFT
UFDIOPDVMUVSFMMFT "SDIÊP-PHJRVFT "DUFT EV ÍNF $POHSÍT EF M6OJPO JOUFSOBUJPOBMF EFT TDJFODFT QSÊIJTUPSJRVFT FU QSPUPIJTUPSJRVFT -JÍHF .VTÊF /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF FU E"SU -VYFNCPVSH <> 1BTRVJOJ " -FT USBDFT EF OPUSF QBTTÊ FVSPQÊFO -F 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJFO BV EÊCVU EV
1BMÊPMJUIJRVF TVQÊSJFVS MÊDMBJSBHF EF MB USBDÊPMPHJF 1I% 5FTJT "JY.BSTFJMMF 6OJWFSTJUÊ WPM VOQVCMJTIFE
129
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S ăF JOWJTJCMF GSPOUJFS &BTU "GSJDBO .4"-4" USBOTJUJPO JO (PEB #VUJDIB %JSF %BXB &UIJPQJB
%BWJE 1MFVSEFBV1 &SFMMB )PWFST2 "TGBXPTTFO "TSBU3 0TCKPSO 1FBSTPO4 "MJDF -FQMPOHFPO1,2 +FBO+BDRVFT #BIBJO 1 $IBOUBM 5SJCPMP5 .BSJPO )FSOBOEF[6 $ÊDJMF $IBQPO1 4JNPO 1VBVE1 ;FMBMFN "TTFGB7
%ÊQBSUFNFOU EF 1SÊIJTUPJSF 6.3 $/34 .VTÊVN OBUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF 'SBODF p *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ
ăF )FCSFX 6OJWFSTJUZ .U 4DPQVT +FSVTBMFN *TSBFM p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSUI 4DJFODFT "EEJT "CBCB 6OJWFSTJUZ &UIJPQJB p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX .FYJDP 64" p *OTUJUVU EF 3FDIFSDIF TVS MFT "SDIÊPNBUÊSJBVY *3"."5
6.3 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PSEFBVY 'SBODF p .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ
"SDIBFPCJPMPHZ 1SPHSBN )VNBO 0SJHJOT 1SPHSBN /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ 64"
ăF )PSO PG "GSJDB JT POF PG UIF QPTUVMBUFE TUBSUJOH QPJOUT PG UIF EJTQFSTBM PG NPEFSO IVNBOT PVU PG "GSJDB %FTQJUF FYUFOTJWF
BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TVSWFZT JO UIF BSFB EVSJOH UIF UI DFOUVSZ GFX JO TJUV XFMM EBUFE TJUFT BSF LOPXO GSPN UIJT SFHJPO " TVSWFZ PG
DBWFCFBSJOH HFPMPHJDBM GPSNBUJPOT JO UIF (BSB /JHVT NPVOUBJO SJEHF 8FTUFSO )BSFSHIF MFE UP UIF EJTDPWFSZ PG TFWFSBM QSFWJPVTMZ
VOLOPXO DBWFT XJUI BOUISPQPHFOJD EFQPTJUT &YDBWBUJPO PG POF PG UIFN (PEB #VUJDIB OFBS UIF WJMMBHF PG 4FSLBNB JO UIF %JSF
%BXB BSFB SFWFBMFE B NEFFQ BOUISPQPHFOJD TFRVFODF TIPXJOH UXP EJTUJODU TFEJNFOU DPNQMFYFT -JUIJD BSUJGBDUT BOE UIF SF
NBJOT PG XJME BOJNBMT BSF EJTUSJCVUFE UISPVHIPVU UIF TFRVFODF BU BO BWFSBHF EFOTJUZ PG BSUJGBDUT N )VNBO NFUBDBSQBMT
UFFUI BOE B TLVMM GSBHNFOU EFSJWFE GSPN UIF MPXFS QBSU PG UIF TFRVFODF ăF UPQ PG UIF TFRVFODF DPSSFTQPOE UP B -4" MJUIJD BTTFN
CMBHF CMBEFMFU QSPEVDUJPO BOE CBDLFE NJDSPMJUIT
XJUI .4" DPNQPOFOUT MJLF -FWBMMPJT QSPEVDUJPO
XIJMF UIF MPXFS QBSU PG UIF
TFRVFODF JODMVEFT B DMFBS MBUF .4" JOEVTUSZ JODMVEJOH VOJQPMBS BOE DPOWFSHFOU -FWBMMPJT EFCJUBHF UZQJDBM .4" VOJGBDJBM BOE CJ
GBDJBM QPJOUT BOE TJEFTDSBQFST BDDPNQBOJFE CZ CMBEFMFUT SFUPVDIFE NJDSPMJUIT BOE BO JODSFBTF JO UIF VTF PG PCTJEJBO ăF HSBEVBM
DIBOHF JO UZQPMPHJDBM BOE UFDIOPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT BOE SBX NBUFSJBM EJTUSJCVUJPOT UISPVHIPVU UIF TFRVFODF PG (PEB #VUJDIB
MFOET JUTFMG UP BMUFSOBUJWF IZQPUIFTFT PG HSBEVBM DIBOHF UISPVHI UJNF WT JODSFBTFE WBSJBCJMJUZ QPTTJCMZ PO B SFHJPOBM TDBMF
EVSJOH UIF
-BUF .4" -.4"
GPMMPXFE CZ BO BCSVQU DVMUVSBM DIBOHF ăF SBEJPDBSCPO BHFT SFWFBM UIBU PDDVQBUJPOBM QIBTFT BSF TFQBSBUFE CZ
B TIBSQ DISPOPMPHJDBM IJBUVT JO UIF -PXFS $PNQMFY CFUXFFO UIF ZPVOHFTU .4" MBZFS EBUFE UP $BM #1 BOE UIF PWFSMZJOH NJE
)PMPDFOF EFQPTJUT CFUXFFO LB $BM #1 BOE LB $BM #1
ăF TIBSQ DISPOPMPHJDBM 6QQFS 1MFJTUPDFOF )PMPDFOF IJBUVT JO
EJDBUFT B QSPCBCMF HBQ JO TFEJNFOUBUJPO BOE TJUF PDDVQBUJPO EVSJOH .*4 DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP TFWFSF BSJE DPOEJUJPOT JO /PSUIFBTUFSO
"GSJDB #JH %SZ
/FX 04- EBUJOH BOBMZTJT FĈPSU BT XFMM BT TFEJNFOUPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT DPOđSN UIFTF EBUB BOE SFđOF UIF DISPOPMPHZ
BOE EFQPTJUJPO QSPDFTTFT #SPBE MJUIJD TJNJMBSJUJFT XJUI PUIFS TJUFT JO UIF )PSO PG "GSJDB UIF &UIJPQJBO IJHIMBOET BOE PUIFS TVC
4BIBSBO TJUFT QMBDF (PEB #VUJDIB JO B CSPBEFS SFHJPOBM DPOUFYU 8JUIJO UIJT GSBNFXPSL UIJT TJOHMF TFRVFODF IJHIMJHIUT JNQPSUBOU
MBDVOBF JO UIF BCJMJUZ UP JEFOUJGZ DVMUVSBM TIJĕT GSPN .JEEMF UP -BUFS 4UPOF "HF *U FNQIBTJ[FT UIF OFFE GPS SFUIJOLJOH UIF DVMUVSBM
UBYPOPNJFT BQQMJFE UP .*4 BOE .*4 MJUIJD JOEVTUSJFT JO "GSJDBO QSFIJTUPSZ
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL UIF &UIJPQJBO "VUIPSJUZ GPS 3FTFBSDI BOE $POTFSWBUJPO PG $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHFT "3$$)
GPS QFS
NJTTJPO UP TVSWFZ JO UIF BSFB BOE UP FYDBWBUF JO (PEB #VUJDIB ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT TVQQPSUFE CZ HSBOUT GSPN UIF /BUJPOBM (FPHSBQIJD
4PDJFUZ HSBOUT BOE BOE GSPN UIF 8FOOFS(SFO 'PVOEBUJPO (SBOU *$3( m 8F XPVME MJLF UP BDLOPXM
FEHF UIF FĈPSUT PG 5JMBIVO (4FMBTTJF 8PSLBMFNBIV #FLFMF )BEJT %F+FOF %FOEBOB (VMUJ BT XFMM BT UIF MPDBM QFPQMF MJWJOH OFBS
UIF TJUF GPS UIFJS BTTJTUBODF XJUI UIF FYDBWBUJPO 8F BSF BMTP WFSZ UIBOLGVM UP 4ÊCBTUJFO /PNBEF GPS QSPWJEJOH TPNF SBEJPDBSCPO
BOBMZTJT GBDJMJUJFT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM UP UIF 'SFODI $FOUFS GPS &UIJPQJBO 4UVEJFT GPS QSPWJEJOH MPHJTUJDBM TVQQPSU BOE GPS GVOEJOH QBSU
PG UIF QPTUFYDBWBUJPO BOBMZTFT 8F UIBOL UIF 5PVSJTN BOE $VMUVSF 0ċDFT PG UIF &BTUFSO )BSFSHIF 8FTUFSO )BSFSHIF UIF %JSF
%BXB "ENJOJTUSBUJPO BOE )BSBSJ /BUJPOBM 3FHJPOBM 4UBUF GPS đFMEXPSL BENJOJTUSBUJWF TVQQPSU
130
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S "ODFTUSBM "DIFT 7FSUFCSBM NPSQIPMPHZ MPDPNPUJPO BOE IVNBO TQJOBM IFBMUI
,JNCFSMZ 1MPNQ1 6OB 4USBOE 7JEBSTEPUUJS2 %BSMFOF 8FTUPO3 ,FJUI %PCOFZ4 .BSL $PMMBSE1,4
)VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT 1SPHSBN %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ 4JNPO 'SBTFS 6OJWFSTJUZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG
"OUISPQPMPHZ %VSIBN 6OJWFSTJUZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #SJUJTI $PMVNCJB p %FQBSUNFOU PG
"SDIBFPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "CFSEFFO
#BDL QBJO JT B NBKPS IVNBO IFBMUI JTTVF CVU UIF BFUJPMPHZ PG NBOZ CBDL QSPCMFNT SFNBJOT QPPSMZ VOEFSTUPPE )VNBOT BSF BG
ĔJDUFE CZ CBDL QSPCMFNT NPSF GSFRVFOUMZ UIBO PUIFS QSJNBUFT BOE DPOTFRVFOUMZ SFTFBSDIFST IBWF TVHHFTUFE UIBU PVS MJOFBHFT TIJĕ
UP CJQFEBMJTN NBZ CF POF GBDUPS DPOUSJCVUJOH UP UIF QSFWBMFODF PG CBDL QSPCMFNT ăJT IZQPUIFTJT IBT CFFO XJEFMZ EJTDVTTFE CVU
JOBEFRVBUFMZ UFTUFE )FSF XF SFQPSU B TUVEZ EFTJHOFE UP CFHJO SFDUJGZJOH UIJT TJUVBUJPO 1SFWJPVT TUVEJFT PG IVNBO TLFMFUBM TBN
QMFT IBWF GPVOE B DPSSFMBUJPO CFUXFFO WFSUFCSBM TIBQF BOE UIF PDDVSSFODF PG 4DINPSMT OPEFT 4DINPSMT OPEFT BSF EFQSFTTJPOT PO
UIF WFSUFCSBM CPEZ SFTVMUJOH GSPN WFSUJDBM IFSOJBUJPO PG UIF JOUFSWFSUFCSBM EJTD #BTFE PO UIJT XF IZQPUIFTJ[FE UIBU WFSUFCSBM TIBQF
NBZ CF BO JNQPSUBOU DPNQPOFOU PG B TUBCMF CJQFEBM TQJOF BOE UIBU QBSUJDVMBS TIBQFT NBZ CF JOBEFRVBUFMZ BEBQUFE GPS UIF TUSBJO
QMBDFE PO UIF TQJOF EVSJOH VQSJHIU QPTUVSF BOE MPDPNPUJPO BOE NBZ HJWF SJTF UP 4DINPSMT OPEFT BOE PUIFS TQJOBM QBUIPMPHJFT 5P
UFTU UIJT IZQPUIFTJT XF DBSSJFE PVU B HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDTCBTFE DPNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTJT -BOENBSLT XFSF VTFE UP DBQUVSF UIF
TIBQF PG UIF đOBM UIPSBDJD BOE đSTU MVNCBS WFSUFCSBF PG IVNBOT XJUI BOE XJUIPVU 4DINPSMT OPEFT
1BO USPHMPEZUFT BOE 1POHP
QZHNBFVTT ăFTF TQFDJFT XFSF DIPTFO CFDBVTF UIFZ FYIJCJU EJĈFSFOU MPDPNPUPSZ CFIBWJPVST -BOENBSL DPPSEJOBUFT XFSF BOBMZ[FE
VTJOH HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT ăF EBUB XFSF SFHSFTTFE PO DFOUSPJE TJ[F UP NJOJNJ[F UIF JOĔVFODF PG BMMPNFUSZ BOE BOBMZTFT XFSF
QFSGPSNFE PO UIF SFTJEVBMT $BOPOJDBM 7BSJBUFT "OBMZTFT JOEJDBUFE UIBU UIF TIBQF PG QBUIPMPHJDBM IVNBO WFSUFCSBF JT NPSF TJNJMBS
UP UIF TIBQF PG DIJNQBO[FF WFSUFCSBF UIBO UP UIF TIBQF IFBMUIZ IVNBO WFSUFCSBF #FUXFFOHSPVQ 1SPDSVTUFT BOBMZTFT XFSF TJHOJđ
DBOU XJUI UIF TPMF FYDFQUJPO PG UIF EJTUBODF CFUXFFO QBUIPMPHJDBM IVNBOT BOE DIJNQBO[FFT 1$" SFTVMUT BMTP JOEJDBUF B EJĈFSFODF
CFUXFFO TQFDJFT FYDFQU QBUIPMPHJDBM IVNBOT BOE DIJNQBO[FFT ăFTF SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU IVNBO WFSUFCSBF XJUI 4DINPSMT OPEFT
TIBSF TIBQF TJNJMBSJUJFT XJUI DIJNQBO[FF WFSUFCSBF BOE TVQQPSU GPS UIF IZQPUIFTJT UIBU CBDL QBJO NBZ JO QBSU CF EVF UP JOEJWJEVBMT
IBWJOH B QMFTJPNPSQIJD WFSUFCSBM TIBQF POF XIJDI JT SFMBUJWFMZ QPPSMZ TVJUFE UP CJQFEBM QPTUVSF BOE HBJU
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUTăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ .*5"$4 UIF 4PDJBM 4DJFODFT BOE )VNBOJUJFT 3FTFBSDI $PVODJM PG $BOBEB UIF
$BOBEB 3FTFBSDI $IBJST 1SPHSBN UIF $BOBEB 'PVOEBUJPO GPS *OOPWBUJPO UIF #SJUJTI $PMVNCJB ,OPXMFEHF %FWFMPQNFOU 'VOE
BOE 4JNPO 'SBTFS 6OJWFSTJUZ
131
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B .JUPDIPOESJBM HFOPNF WBSJBUJPO JO MBUF 1MFJTUPDFOF &VSPQF
$PTJNP 1PTUI1 "MJTTB .JUUOJL1 %PSPUIÊF %SVDLFS2 )FSWÊ #PDIFSFOT2 ,BUFSJOB )BSWBUJ1 /JDIPMBT $POBSE 3 +PIBOOFT
,SBVTF1
*OTUJUVUF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO (FSNBOZ p *OTUJUVUF GPS (FPTDJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO
(FSNBOZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSMZ 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE õVBUFSOBSZ &DPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO (FSNBOZ
4UVEJFT PG BODJFOU IVNBO NJUPDIPOESJBM %/" NU%/"
TVHHFTU HFOFUJD DPOUJOVJUZ CFUXFFO 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD BOE .FTPMJUIJD
IVOUFSHBUIFSFST JO &VSPQF GPMMPXFE CZ BO BMNPTU DPNQMFUF SFQMBDFNFOU XJUI MJNJUFE HFOFUJD BENJYUVSF CZ /FPMJUIJD GBSNFST
ăF BOBMZTFT PG CPUI QBSUJBM BOE DPNQMFUF NU%/" PG QSF/FPMJUIJD &VSPQFBO JOEJWJEVBMT SFWFBMFE B QSFEPNJOBOU GSFRVFODZ PG
NJUPDIPOESJBM IBQMPHSPVQT CFMPOHJOH UP DMBEF 6 #Z DPOUSBTU FBSMZ /FPMJUIJD &VSPQFBO GBSNFST XFSF GPVOE UP CFMPOH UP B XJEFS
SBOHF PG EJĈFSFOU NJUPDIPOESJBM DMBEFT XJUI TJNJMBS GSFRVFODJFT UP NPEFSO DPOUFNQPSBSZ &VSPQFBOT )PXFWFS UIF NJUPDIPOESJBM
HFOPNF WBSJBUJPO EVSJOH 1BMFPMJUIJD BOE .FTPMJUIJD UJNF BDSPTT &VSPQF JT DVSSFOUMZ QPPSMZ VOEFSTUPPE BT POMZ B MJNJUFE OVNCFS PG
IVOUFSHBUIFSFST GSPN UIPTF QFSJPET IBWF CFFO HFOFUJDBMMZ BOBMZ[FE &OWJSPONFOUBM DIBOHFT JO UIF MBUF 1MFJTUPDFOF TVDI BT UIF -BTU
(MBDJBM .BYJNVN -(. ZFBST #1
DPVME IBWF JOĔVFODFE IVNBO NJHSBUJPO QBUUFSO BOE DIBOHFE UIF &VSPQFBO
HFOFUJD QPQVMBUJPO TUSVDUVSF *O UIJT TUVEZ IJHIUISPVHIQVU TFRVFODJOH UFDIOPMPHJFT BSF BEPQUFE UP SFDPOTUSVDU UIF DPNQMFUF PS BM
NPTU DPNQMFUF NJUPDIPOESJBM HFOPNF PG -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF BOE &BSMZ )PMPDFOF NPEFSO IVNBOT GSPN EJĈFSFOU BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TJUFT
JO &VSPQF %/" JT FYUSBDUFE GSPN TLFMFUBM SFNBJOT DPOWFSUFE JO HFOFUJD MJCSBSJFT UIF NU%/" JT FOSJDIFE UISPVHI B CBJU DBQUVSF
UFDIOJRVF BOE TFRVFODFE PO B OFYU HFOFSBUJPO TFRVFODJOH QMBUGPSN ăF BVUIFOUJDJUZ PG UIF PCUBJOFE NJUPDIPOESJBM TFRVFODFT BT
BODJFOU IVNBO %/" JT WFSJđFE CZ BOBMZ[JOH UZQJDBM BODJFOU %/" EBNBHF QBUUFSOT BT XFMM BT FTUBCMJTIJOH B TJOHMF TPVSDF PG NU%/"
JO UIF TUVEJFE TBNQMFT .PSFPWFS UIF %/" NPMFDVMFT UIBU BSF EBNBHFE JOEJDBUJOH BO BODJFOU PSJHJO BSF đMUFSFE BOE BOBMZ[FE JO
PSEFS UP DPOđSN UIF BTTJHOFE NJUPDIPOESJBM IBQMPHSPVQ 'JOBMMZ UIF BVUIFOUJD TFRVFODFT BSF VTFE UP SFDPOTUSVDU QIZMPHFOFUJD SF
MBUJPOTIJQT PG 1BMFPMJUIJD .FTPMJUIJD BOE /FPMJUIJD &VSPQFBOT UP BEESFTT RVFTUJPOT BCPVU HFOFUJD EJWFSTJUZ UISPVHI UJNF BOE TQBDF
132
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 1MBOU GPPET JO .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD TVCTJTUFODF JO *UBMJBO BOE 4PVUIFSO &VSPQFBO /FBOEFSUIBM
QPQVMBUJPOT
3PCFSU 1PXFS1 %PNJOHP $BSMPT 4BMB[BS(BSDJB1,2 .BVSP 3VCJOJ3 "NBOEB )FOSZ1
.BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p m 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BQF 5PXO p m 'PHHJB 6OJWFSTJUZ
" DMFBS QJDUVSF PG SFTPVSDF FYQMPJUBUJPO CZ /FBOEFSUIBMT JT JNQPSUBOU GPS VOEFSTUBOEJOH UIJT .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD IPNJOJO :FU
UIF OBUVSF PG UIFJS EJFUBSZ FDPMPHZ IBT MPOH CFFO BO VODFSUBJO BOE DPOUFOUJPVT UPQJD "OBMZTFT PG BTTPDJBUFE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM GBVOBM
SFNBJOT IBWF JOEJDBUFE UIBU /FBOEFSUIBMT GSFRVFOUMZ IVOUFE MBSHF HBNF BOE MBUFS TUVEJFT TVHHFTUFE UIBU MBSHF HBNF XBT QBSU PG B
TQFDUSVN PG SFTPVSDFT XIJDI XBT TJHOJđDBOUMZ OBSSPXFS UIBO UIF TVDDFFEJOH NPEFSO IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT JO &VSBTJB 3FTFBSDIFST
IBWF FNQMPZFE B WBSJFUZ PG NFUIPET UP FYQMPSF /FBOEFSUIBM EJFUT JODMVEJOH JTPUPQJD BOBMZTJT NJDSP BOE NBDSP EFOUBM XFBS VO
GPSUVOBUFMZ UIFTF DBO POMZ ZJFME JOGPSNBUJPO PO HFOFSBM DBUFHPSJFT PG GPPE SFTPVSDFT TVDI BT UIF TPVSDF PG EJFUBSZ QSPUFJO PS UIF
SFMBUJWF DPOTVNQUJPO PG IBSE WFSTVT UPVHI GPPET BOE UIVT EP OPU BEFRVBUFMZ JOGPSN VT BCPVU GPPE DIPJDF BOE EJFUBSZ CSFBUI ăF
MBDL PG EBUB BCPVU UIF UZQFT PG QMBOU SFTPVSDFT UIBU /FBOEFSUIBMT HBUIFSFE JT PG QBSUJDVMBS DPODFSO JO UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO QBSU PG
UIFJS SBOHF *U JT VODMFBS IPX UIF SFHJPOT EJWFSTF BOE NJME FOWJSPONFOUT BĈFDUFE SFTPVSDF VTF CVU TPNF WBSJBUJPO TVDI BT MFTT SF
MJBODF PO MBSHF HBNF IBT CFFO QSPQPTFE JO UIF 8FTUFSO .FEJUFSSBOFBO 0UIFS BSFBT TVDI BT UIF DFOUSBM .FEJUFSSBOFBO IBWF CFFO
MFTT XFMM TUVEJFE *O PSEFS UP FYQMPSF /FBOEFSUIBM EJFUT JO UIF DFOUSBM .FEJUFSSBOFBO SFHJPO XF BOBMZTFE QBSUJDMFT PG QMBOU EFCSJT
USBQQFE JO /FBOEFSUIBM EFOUBM DBMDVMVT GSPN (VBUUBSJ BOE 'PTTFMMPOF DBWF PG UIF .POUF $JSDF DPNQMFY JO -B[JP *UBMZ ăFTF GPTTJMT
BSF EBUFE UP BQQSPYJNBUFMZ BOE LB XJUI DPNCJOFE VSBOJVNTFSJFT EBUJOH $BMDVMVT TBNQMFT SFWFBM BO VOQSFDFEFOUFE SBOHF PG
EJFUBSZ BOE CFIBWJPVSBM NBSLFST JODMVEJOH TUBSDIFT EJDPU QIZUPMJUIT HSBTT QIZUPMJUIT EJBUPNT VOTJMJDJđFE HSBTT TQPSFT BOE QPMMFO
JOEJDBUJOH UIF DPOTVNQUJPO PG WBSJPVT SFTPVSDFT JODMVEJOH NPOPDPU BOE EJDPU QMBOUT CZ UIFTF JOEJWJEVBMT $PNQBSJOH UIFTF EBUB
UP UIPTF GSPN PUIFS SFHJPOT PĈFST JOTJHIUT JOUP EJFU GSPN DPBTUBM FOWJSPONFOUT JO UIF QFOJOTVMBS DFOUSBM .FEJUFSSBOFBO
133
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S " TQFDJNFO PG 1BSBOUISPQVT SPCVTUVT GSPN #PMUT 'BSN $BWFT TZTUFN $SBEMF PG )VNBOLJOE 4PVUI
"GSJDB
4BOESJOF 1SBU1,2 5FB +BTIBTIWJMJ3,4 %PNJOJRVF (PNNFSZ1,2 'SBODJT + ăBDLFSBZ3
613 1BSJT 'SBODF p )36 1MJP1MFJTUPDFOF 4FDUJPO %JUTPOH /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ 1SFUPSJB 4PVUI
"GSJDB p &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8JUXBUFSTSBOE +PIBOOFTCVSH 4PVUI "GSJDB p %FQBSUNFOU PG (FPMPHZ
BOE 1BMBFPOUPMPHZ (FPSHJBO /BUJPOBM .VTFVN 5CJMJTJ (FPSHJB
ăF TQFDJNFO DPNFT GSPN B CMPDL PG CSFDDJB MBCFMMFE u#'u BO BCCSFWJBUJPO GPS #PMUT 'BSN
DPMMFDUFE CZ B MPDBM MJNF NJOFS .S
'PVSJF
BU UIF FOE PG UIF T "T UIJT NJOFS DPMMFDUFE JO TFWFSBM QMBDFT JO UIF $SBEMF PG )VNBOLJOE JODMVEJOH #PMUT 'BSN BOE
4XBSULSBOT UIF QSFDJTF MPDBUJPO PG UIF CSFDDJB CMPDL JT RVFTUJPOBCMF #PMUT 'BSN JT B MBSHF BSFB XJUI NPSF UIBO GPTTJMJGFSPVT TJUFT
GSPN BCPVU UP NJMMJPOT ZFBST CFGPSF QSFTFOU JEFOUJđFE CZ UIF )36 )01& 3FTFBSDI 6OJU
MPDBUFE JO UIF TPVUIXFTU NBS
HJO PG UIF $SBEMF PG )VNBOLJOE 4PVUI "GSJDB 8F EFđOF JU BT UIF BSFB NBQQFE CZ UIF FYQFEJUJPO PG UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB
MFBE CZ $BNQ CFUXFFO *O UIF T B MBSHF RVBSSZ XBT PQFOFE UP UIF OPSUI PG UIJT BSFB *O PSEFS UP EFUFSNJOF OPO
EFTUSVDUJWFMZ
XIFUIFS UIF CMPDL PG CSFDDJB i#'u DPOUBJOT BEEJUJPOBM GPTTJM NBUFSJBM XF VOEFSUPPL NJDSP$5 TDBOT BU NJDSPGPDVT
YSBZ DPNQVUFE UPNPHSBQIZ GBDJMJUZ BU UIF &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF 8JUXBUFSTSBOE ăF JNBHFT SFWFBM UIBU
JO BEEJUJPO UP UIF UPPUI UIFSF JT B TNBMM GSBHNFOU PG NBOEJCMF 9SBZ JNBHFT BMTP GBDJMJUBUFE BO FYBNJOBUJPO PG SPPU NPSQIPMPHZ
PG UIF UPPUI 6TJOH YSBZ JNBHFT XF PCUBJOFE UISFF EJNFOTJPOBM EBUB GPS FOBNFM BOE EFOUJOF &OBNFM UIJDLOFTT BOE EFOUBM USBJU
FYQSFTTJPO BU UIF FOBNFMEFOUJOF KVODUJPO &%+
DPVME CF BTTFTTFE "MPOHTJEF PG TUVEZJOH UIF SPPU NPSQIPMPHZ FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT
BOE &%+ XF IBWF VOEFSUBLFO NPSQIPMPHJDBM NPSQIPNFUSJDBM TUVEJFT PG UIF DSPXO JO PSEFS UP UBYPOPNJDBMMZ JEFOUJGZ UIJT TQFD
JNFO VTJOH B DPNQBSBUJWF TBNQMF PG MPXFS đSTU BOE TFDPOE NPMBST BUUSJCVUFE UP 1 SPCVTUVT "V BĚJDBOVT "V TFEJCB BOE
FBSMZ )PNP GSPN 4XBSULSBOT %SJNPMFO ,SPNESBBJ 4UFSLGPOUFJO BOE .BMBQB TJUFT ăF #' SJHIU MPXFS NPMBS JT B DPNQMFUF DSPXO
NPEFSBUFMZ XPSO XJUI B MBSHF NFTJBM XFBS GBDFU BOE B TNBMM EJTUBM XFBS GBDFU *O PDDMVTBM WJFX UIJT UPPUI IBT B UZQJDBM IPNJOJO TIBQF
BOE HFOFSBM BQQFBSBODF ăF UPPUI FYIJCJUT GFBUVSFT QSFTFOU JO TQFDJNFOT PG 1 SPCVTUVT TVDI BT B MBSHF UVCFSDVMVN TFYUVN $
OP UVCFSDVMVN JOUFSNFEJVN $
PS QSPUPTUZMJE .FUSJDBMMZ SFMBUJWF UP UIF 1 SPCVTUVT TBNQMF JU GBMMT JO UIF SBOHF PG WBSJBUJPO PG
MPXFS đSTU NPMBST GSPN UIF TJUF PG 4XBSULSBOT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOLT UIF $/34 -*" )0.&/ $/34 BOE 613 $/34
BOE UIF /BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI
'PVOEBUJPO 4PVUI "GSJDB
GPS đOBODJBM TVQQPSU BOE UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8JUXBUFSTSBOE &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT *OTUJUVUF 4DIPPM PG
"OBUPNJDBM 4DJFODFT
GPS BDDFTT UP UIF TQFDJNFO BOE UIF NJDSPGPDVT YSBZ DPNQVUFE UPNPHSBQIZ GBDJMJUZ
134
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 4NPPUIJOH QSPDFEVSFT JO (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT B DSJUJDBM BTTFTTNFOU
"OUPOJP 1SPđDP1 "MFTTJP 7FOF[JBOP1 "MFTTBOESP -BOUFSJ2 (JPSHJP .BO[J1
%JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB "NCJFOUBMF 4BQJFO[B 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3PNF *UBMZ p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4DJFO[F 4UBUJTUJDIF 4BQJFO[B
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3PNF *UBMZ
*O SFDFOU ZFBST UIF BQQMJDBUJPO PG (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT UP IVNBO FWPMVUJPOBSZ TUVEJFT DPNCJOFE XJUI MBTUHFOFSBUJPO JNBH
JOH UFDIOJRVFT IBT SFNBSLBCMZ JODSFBTFE "NPOH UIFN IJHISFTPMVUJPO DPNQVUFSJ[FE UPNPHSBQIZ BMMPXT B HSFBU MFWFM PG EFUBJM PO
BOBUPNJDBM TUSVDUVSFT CVU NBTTJWF BNPVOUT PG EBUB BSF HFOFSBUFE BOE NPSF DPNQVUBUJPOBM FĈPSU JT SFRVJSFE %JHJUBM TJNQMJđDBUJPO UISPVHI SFEVDUJPO PG HFPNFUSJFT JO DPOKVODUJPO XJUI B TNPPUIJOH QSPDFTT PWFSDPNFT UIJT QSPCMFN QSPWJEJOH B MJHIUFS SFDPOTUSVD
UJPO PG B TQFDJNFO XIJDI CFDPNFT NPSF TVJUBCMF GPS DPNQVUFS NBOJQVMBUJPO BOE BOBMZTJT 4NPPUIJOH JT B NBUIFNBUJDBM QSPDFEVSF
DPNNPOMZ VTFE PO EJHJUBM TQFDJNFOT JO PSEFS UP NBLF DPOUJOVPVT BO PVUMJOF PUIFSXJTF EJTDSFUF )PXFWFS UIFTF TJNQMJđDBUJPO
NFUIPET MBDL TUBOEBSEJ[FE QSPUPDPMT BOE BSF PĕFO BQQMJFE GPMMPXJOH OP EFđOJUF DSJUFSJB ăF BJN PG UIJT XPSL JT UP FYBNJOF UIF
JNQBDU UIBU HFPNFUSJD USBOTGPSNBUJPO PG TNPPUIFE TVSGBDFT IBT PO TFNJMBOENBSLCBTFE (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT <> 8F UIVT
FWBMVBUFE UIF JOĔVFODF PG EJĈFSFOU UZQFT PG TNPPUIJOH BMHPSJUINT JF -BQMBDF )$-BQMBDF BOE 5BVCJO
PO NPSQIPNFUSJD BOBMZ
TJT VTJOH B CJMBUFSBM TZNNFUSJD TVSGBDF XJUI B IJHIMZ VOJGPSN WFSUFY EJTUSJCVUJPO QBUUFSO NPEFM "
4VDI B CBTJD TVSGBDF XBT DIPTFO
CFDBVTF JU BMMPXT UP JOWFTUJHBUF BMHPSJUINT EJĈFSFODFT EJTSFHBSEJOH PUIFS WBSJBCMFT SFMBUFE UP MPDBM DPNQMFYJUZ QBUUFSOT " TFDPOE
TVSGBDF NPEFM #
PCUBJOFE GSPN B IJHI SFTPMVUJPO $5TDBO PG B DSBOJVN JOUFSTMJDFNN
XBT VTFE UP BTTFTT UIF JNQBDU PG
TNPPUIJOH PO EJTUJODU BOBUPNJDBM EJTUSJDUT DSBOJBM WBVMU BOE [ZHPNBUJDTVQSBPSCJUBM UPSVT PVUMJOF
BT XFMM BT PO TVSGBDFT BU EJĈFS
FOU SFTPMVUJPOT 4JNVMBUFE MPXFS SFTPMVUJPO TVSGBDFT -3" -3#
XFSF QSPEVDFE GPS CPUI UIF NPEFMT " TFNJMBOENBSL 4-
SFGFSFODF TFU XBT CVJMU PO -3" VOJGPSNMZ EJTUSJCVUFE POUP UIF TVSGBDF PUIFS 4- SFGFSFODF TFUT XFSF VTFE PO UXP -3# TVSGBDFT
FBDI POF XJUI EJĈFSFOU JOUFSTMJDF EJTUBODFT -3#NN -3#NN
"MM UIF MPX SFTPMVUJPO -3
TVSGBDFT VOEFSXFOU
B TNPPUIJOH QSPDFTT BOE UIF 4- TFUT XFSF TMJE CPUI POUP UIF NPEFM TVSGBDFT BOE UIF TNPPUIFE POFT ăF &VDMJEFBO EJTUBODF DBM
DVMBUFE CFUXFFO EJĈFSFOU 4- TFUT XBT VTFE BT BO FTUJNBUPS PG IPX NVDI UIF TNPPUIJOH QSPDFTT BĈFDUT UIF TMJEJOH JOWPMWFE JO UIF
4-CBTFE (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT UIFSFGPSF UIF EJTUBODFT CFUXFFO 4- TFU PO UIF NPEFM BOE 4- TFU PO -3 TVSGBDFT QSPWJEFT B
UISFTIPME WBMVF JOEJDBUJOH BO VQQFS MJNJU PG TNPPUIJOH MFWFMT CFZPOE XIJDI UIF TNPPUIJOH QSPDFTT JODSFBTF UIF EJĈFSFODF CFUXFFO
UIF MPX SFTPMVUJPO 4- TFU BOE UIF TBNF TFU PO UIF NPEFM "MM DPNQVUBUJPOBM QSPDFTTFT XFSF QFSGPSNFE XJUI 3 <> 0VS SFTVMUT
QPJOU PVU UIBU UIF 5BVCJO BMHPSJUIN <> JT UIF CFTU DIPJDF XIFO (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT JT BQQMJFE PO TNPPUIFE TQFDJNFOT JO
GBDU JU JNQMJFT B MFTTFS WBSJBUJPO JO DFOUSPJE TJ[F BOE JODSFBTFT UIF TNPPUIJOH MFWFMT UIBU LFFQT UIF EJĈFSFODFT CFMPX UIF UISFTIPME
WBMVF NPSFPWFS JU MFBET UP BO PQUJNBM EJTUBODF XIJDI JT BMXBZT TNBMMFS UIBO UIF POFT BDIJFWBCMF XJUI UIF PUIFS UFTUFE BMHPSJUINT
"QQMJDBUJPOT PG UIF 5BVCJO BMHPSJUIN PO NPEFM # TIPX UIBU B QBSTJNPOJPVT MFWFM PG TNPPUIJOH JT EFTJSBCMF GPS FWFSZ DPNCJOBUJPO
PG SFTPMVUJPO BOE EJTUSJDU *OEFFE BO FYDFTTJWFMZ IJHI MFWFM PG TNPPUIJOH XJMM MFBE UP B MBSHFS EJTUBODF CFUXFFO UIF TFU PO UIF IJHI
SFTPMVUJPO TVSGBDF BOE UIBU PO UIF TNPPUIFE POF 'VSUIFSNPSF XF PCTFSWFE UIBU GPS MPXFS TVSGBDF SFTPMVUJPO NPSF TNPPUIJOH MFWFMT
BSF QFSNJUUFE "T FYQFDUFE GPS XIBU DPODFSOT UIF 4- TFUT XF PCTFSWFE UIBU UIF PQUJNVN MFWFM PG TNPPUIJOH MFBET UP TNBMMFS EJT
UBODFT GSPN UIF NPEFM BT UIF TVSGBDF SFTPMVUJPO JODSFBTFT *U JT TUSBJHIUGPSXBSE UIBU B TNPPUIJOH BMHPSJUIN DBO OPU GVMMZ SFTUPSF UIF
JOGPSNBUJPO MPTU GSPN BO FYDFTTJWF EFDSFBTF PG UIF TQFDJNFO SFTPMVUJPO *O DPODMVTJPO UIF QSFTFOU SFTVMUT FODPVSBHF B EFFQFS TVSWFZ
BCPVU UIJT NFUIPEPMPHJDBM JTTVF GPDVTJOH PO UIF OFFE PG B QSPUPDPM DPOTJEFSJOH PUIFS WBSJBCMFT BOE EJĈFSFOU TVSGBDF TJNQMJđDBUJPO
NFUIPET
3FGFSFODFT<> (VO[ 1 .JUUFSPFDLFS 1 #PPLTUFJO '- 4FNJMBOENBSLT JO UISFF EJNFOTJPOT *O 4MJDF %& &E
.PEFSO .PSQIPNFUSJDT JO
1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ ,MVXFS "DBEFNJD1MFOVN 1VCMJTIFST /FX :PSL QQ <> 4DIMBHFS 4 .BOJQVMBUJPOT PG USJBOHVMBS NFTIFT
TNPPUIJOH RVBESJD FEHF DPMMBQTF EFDJNBUJPO JN BOE FYQPSU PG WBSJPVT NFTI đMFGPSNBUT DMFBOJOH FUD
CBTFE PO UIF 7$(-*# "1* 3 QBDLBHF
WFSTJPO <> "EBNT % $ 0UÃSPMB$BTUJMMP & HFPNPSQI BO 3 QBDLBHF GPS UIF DPMMFDUJPO BOE BOBMZTJT PG HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD TIBQF
EBUB .FUIPET JO &DPMPHZ BOE &WPMVUJPO <> 4DIMBHFS 4 $BMDVMBUJPOT BOE WJTVBMJTBUJPOT SFMBUFE UP (FPNFUSJD .PSQIPNFUSJDT 3
QBDLBHF WFSTJPO <> 5BVCJO ( $VSWF BOE TVSGBDF TNPPUIJOH XJUIPVU TISJOLBHF $PNQVUFS 7JTJPO 1SPDFFEJOHT 'JĕI *OUFSOBUJPOBM
$POGFSFODF PO *&&& QQ 135
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 4FBSDIJOH GPS UIF PSJHJOT PG GPPE TUPSBHF JO UIF &VSPQFBO (SBWFUUJBO
"MFYBOEFS +& 1SZPS1 "MJTUBJS 8 1JLF1 .BSUJO , +POFT3 $MJWF (BNCMF1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4PVUIBNQUPO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF
ăJT QPTUFS JOUSPEVDFT B OFX QSPKFDU UIBU SFJOWFTUJHBUFT UIF PSJHJOT PG GPPE TUPSBHF JO QSFIJTUPSZ 4FBTPOBM FOWJSPONFOUBM DIBOHF
QMBZT B DSJUJDBM SPMF JO TUSVDUVSJOH UIF MJWFT PG QFPQMF MJWJOH B IVOUFSHBUIFSFS MJGFTUZMF ăF JOĔVFODF PG TFBTPOBM DIBOHFT JT FTQF
DJBMMZ DMFBS JO NJE BOE IJHIMBUJUVEF BSFBT XIFSF FOWJSPONFOUT BSF DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ SBQJE WFHFUBUJPO HSPXUI BOE IJHI QSPEVDUJWJUZ
EVSJOH UIF TVNNFS GPMMPXFE CZ MPOH JOUFOTF XJOUFST ăJT JOFWJUBCMZ MFBET UP QFSJPET PG SFEVDFE GPPE BWBJMBCJMJUZ BOE BT B SFTVMU
IVOUFSHBUIFSFST MJWJOH JO UIFTF SFHJPOT BSF VOEFS QSFTTVSF UP EFWFMPQ DPQJOH TUSBUFHJFT UP NBJOUBJO UIFJS GPPE TVQQMZ XJUIJO SFB
TPOBCMF HFPHSBQIJDBM EJTUBODFT 0OF TVDI TUSBUFHZ JT UIF TUPSBHF PG GPPE <> ăJT BEBQUBUJPO SFMFBTFT IVNBO HSPVQT GSPN UIF OFFE
UP GPMMPX GPPE CPUI QMBOU BOE BOJNBM BSPVOE UIF MBOETDBQF BDDPSEJOH UP JUT TFBTPOBM BWBJMBCJMJUZ ăF UFDIOPMPHZ VOEFSQJOOJOH
GPPETUPSBHF JT UIPVHIU UP IBWF PSJHJOBUFE JO &VSPQF BU MFBTU ZFBST BHP EVSJOH UIF TUSPOHMZ TFBTPOBM DMJNBUFT PG UIF 6QQFS
1BMBFPMJUIJD <> )PXFWFS XIJMF UIJT TDFOBSJP JT QMBVTJCMF GPPETUPSBHF IBT OFWFS CFFO DPOWJODJOHMZ EFNPOTUSBUFE BOZXIFSF EVSJOH
UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD CZ EJSFDU TDJFODFCBTFE FWJEFODF BOE IBT CFFO EJTDVTTFE JOTUFBE BMNPTU FYDMVTJWFMZ BT B UIFPSFUJDBM DPODFQU <>
'VSUIFSNPSF UIF QSPYZ FWJEFODF TVDI BT QJUT BOE IFBSUIT GPS NFBUTNPLJOH BU TJUFT XIFSF TUPSBHF CFIBWJPVST IBWF CFFO TVHHFTUFE
SFNBJO BNCJHVPVT XJUI NVMUJQMF JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT EJTDVTTFE JO UIF MJUFSBUVSF <> 0VS BJN JT UP EFWFMPQ B NFUIPEPMPHZ GPS TFDVSFMZ
JEFOUJGZJOH MPOHUFSN GPPE TUPSBHF QSBDUJDFT JO UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE BOE CVJMEJOH PO UIF XPSL PG 4PĈFS <> BOE PUIFST UP
FYQMPSF XIFUIFS GPPE TUPSBHF XBT OFDFTTBSZ GPS UIF DPNQMFY TFUUMFNFOUT BSU BOE TPDJBM JEFOUJUJFT TFFO BU UIF (SBWFUUJBO TJUFT TVDI BT
%PMOÎ 7ʴTUPOJDF1BWMPĂ BOE ,PTUFOLJ 5P EP UIJT XF XJMM JOUFOTJWFMZ UBSHFU B TNBMM OVNCFS PG PDDVQBUJPO TJUFT UP SFDPOTUSVDU "
UIF
TFBTPOBM NPWFNFOUT BOE TFBTPOPGEFBUI PG NBKPS QSFZ BOJNBMT BOE #
UIF TFBTPOBMJUZ PG IVNBO QSFTFODF BU UIF TJUF UIF LFZ JOEJ
DBUPS GPS GPPE TUPSBHF XJMM CF IVNBO QSFTFODF EVSJOH B TFBTPO XIFO NBKPS QSFZ BOJNBMT XFSF OPU CFJOH LJMMFE 0VS NFUIPEPMPHZ
XJMM JODPSQPSBUF UISFF NBJO TUSBOET PG FWJEFODF TUSPOUJVN BOE PYZHFO JTPUPQF EBUB UP SFWFBM UIF TFBTPOBM NJHSBUJPO QBUUFSOT
PG QSFZ TQFDJFT EFOUBM DFNFOUVN TUVEJFT UP SFWFBM UIF TFBTPO JO XIJDI UIF BOJNBMT EJFE BOE EBUB GSPN DIBSDPBM JO IFBSUIT
SFWFBMJOH UIF TFBTPO JO XIJDI UIF XPPE XBT IBSWFTUFE BOE UIFSFGPSF UIF TFBTPOBMJUZ PG IVNBO QSFTFODF BU B TJUF ăF SBUJPOBMF GPS
VTJOH IFBSUI DIBSDPBM BTTVNFT UIBU (SBWFUUJBOFSB IVOUFST PDDVQJFE B XPPETDBSDF MBOETDBQF BOE XPVME IBWF NBOBHFE UIFJS XPPE
TVQQMJFT CZ EFMJCFSBUFMZ DSFBUJOH EFBE XPPE UP CVSO CZ QSVOJOH PS GFMMJOH OFBSCZ USFFT BOE MFBWJOH UIBU XPPE UP ESZ PVU QSJPS UP VTF
8IJMF GBVOBM JTPUPQJD EBUB IBWF CFFO VTFE XJEFMZ JO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT UP SFDPOTUSVDU BOJNBM NPCJMJUZ BOE TFBTPOBMJUZ UIF VTF
PG DIBSDPBM UP JOGFS UIF TFBTPOBMJUZ PG IVNBO PDDVQBUJPO SFQSFTFOUT BO JOOPWBUJWF BQQSPBDI UIBU XF BSF EFWFMPQJOH BOE FWBMVBUJOH
BT QBSU PG UIJT SFTFBSDI ăJT QPTUFS XJMM PVUMJOF UIJT NFUIPEPMPHZ JO EFUBJM BOE SFQPSU UIF SFTVMUT PG BO JOWFTUJHBUJPO JOUP XIFUIFS
PS OPU đSFXPPE XBT B TDBSDF SFTPVSDF JO UIF &VSPQFBO (SBWFUUJBO XIJDI JT UIF đSTU NFUIPEPMPHJDBM BTQFDU UBDLMFE CZ UIJT QSPKFDU
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM UP UIF -FWFSIVMNF 5SVTU XIP BSF GVOEJOH UIJT SFTFBSDI UP +JSJ 4WPCPEB BOE "OESFZ 4JOJUTZO
GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP TBNQMFT UP NBLF UIJT SFTFBSDI QPTTJCMF BOE UP NBOZ PUIFS GSJFOET XIP IBWF PĈFSFE UIPVHIUT BOE PQJOJPOT
JO EFWFMPQJOH UIJT QSPKFDU
3FGFSFODFT<> 4UPQQ .1 &UIOPIJTUPSJD BOBMPHVFT GPS TUPSBHF BT BO BEBQUJWF TUSBUFHZ JO OPSUIFBTUFSO TVCBSDUJD QSFIJTUPSZ + "OUISPQPM
"SDIBFPM m <> 4PĈFS 0 4UPSBHF TFEFOUJTN BOE UIF &VSBTJBO 1BMBFPMJUIJD SFDPSE "OUJRVJUZ m <> $VOOJOHIBN 1 $BDIJOH ZPVS TBWJOHT ăF VTF PG TNBMMTDBMF TUPSBHF JO &VSPQFBO QSFIJTUPSZ + "OUISPQPM "SDIBFPM m <> 5FTUBSU " 'PSCJT 3( )BZEFO
# *OHPME 5 1FSMNBO 4. 1PLPUZMP %- 3PXMFZ$POXZ 1 4UVBSU %& ăF TJHOJđDBODF PG GPPE TUPSBHF BNPOH IVOUFSHBUIFSFST SFTJEFODF
QBUUFSOT QPQVMBUJPO EFOTJUJFT BOE TPDJBM JOFRVBMJUJFT <BOE DPNNFOUT BOE SFQMZ> $VSS "OUISPQPM m
136
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S $PSUJDBM CPOF UPQPHSBQIZ BOE DSPTTTFDUJPOBM HFPNFUSJD QSPQFSUJFT PG 1BHMJDDJ BOE 1BHMJDDJ (SBWFUUJBO IVNBO GFNPSB
-BVSFOU 1VZNFSBJM1 (JVMJB $BQFDDIJ2 -VDJB .POUJ3 4UFGBOP 3JDDJ2 "OOBNBSJB 3PODIJUFMMJ2 4JMWBOB $POEFNJ1
6.3 "%&4 "OUISPQPMPHJF #JPDVMUVSFMMF %SPJU &UIJRVF FU 4BOUÊ $/34 6OJWFSTJUÊ E"JY.BSTFJMMF &'4 $/34 'BDVMUÊ EF .ÊEFDJOF 'SBODF p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4DJFO[F 'JTJDIF EFMMB 5FSSB F EFMM"NCJFOUF m 63 1SFJTUPSJB F "OUSPQPMPHJB m
6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 4JFOB *UBMZ p 60$ /FVSPJNNBHJOJ F /FVSPJOUFSWFOUJTUJDB m "[JFOEB 0TQFEBMJFSB 4FOFTF u4.BSJB
BMMF 4DPUUFu m 4USBEB BMMF 4DPUUF 4JFOB
4USVDUVSBM NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF GFNVS SFĔFDUT IBCJUVBM NFDIBOJDBM MPBET SFMBUFE UP MFWFMT BOE QBUUFSOT PG QIZTJDBM BDUJWJUZ BT XFMM BT
BEBQUJWF DIBOHFT EVSJOH HSPXUI JO MPDPNPUJPO NPEFT BOE MJLFMZ DMJNBUF BEBQUBUJPO 3VĈ FU BM *O UIF -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF
SFDFOU BOBMZTFT IBWF EPDVNFOUFE TJHOJđDBOU DIBOHFT XJUIJO FBSMZ NPEFSO IVNBOT SFMBUFE UP NPCJMJUZ HFPHSBQIJDBM WBSJBUJPO BOE
MPXFS MJNC EJBQIZTFBM NPSQIPMPHZ BĕFS UIF MBTU HMBDJBM NBYJNVN " EFDSFBTFE MPXFS MJNC SPCVTUJDJUZ GPMMPXJOH B EFDSFBTFE NPCJM
JUZ DBO CF PCTFSWFE UIJT QSPDFTT XBT UIF SFTVMU PG SFEVDUJPO JO UIF MFWFM PG NVTDVMPTLFMFUBM TUSFTT /PUBCMZ UIF BEVMU GFNPSBM TIBĕ
JT SFQPSUFE UP EFNPOTUSBUF JODSFBTJOHMZ DJSDVMBS NJETIBĕ TFDUJPOT SFĔFDUJOH SFEVDFE BOUFSPQPTUFSJSPS CFOEJOH TUSFOHUI EVSJOH
UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMPUIJD 4IBDLFMGPSE $POWFSTFMZ UIF DPOEJUJPO TIPXO CZ UIF KVWFOJMF BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO GPTTJM IVNBO GF
NVS BT XFMM BT TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN MFWFMT JO EJBQIZTFBM TUSFOHUI BSF TUJMM QPPSMZ SFQPSUFE #Z VTJOH UFDIOJRVFT PG $5CBTFE % WJSUVBM
NPEFMJOH BOE RVBOUJUBUJWF BOBMZTJT JF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM HFPNFUSJD QSPQFSUJFT BOBMZTJT BOE NPSQIPNFUSJD NBQQJOH
#POEJPMJ FU BM
XF DIBSBDUFSJ[FE UIF FOEPTUSVDUVSBM GFNPSBM NPSQIPMPHZ PG UXP (SBWFUUJBO TLFMFUPO CVSJBMT GSPN TPVUIFSO *UBMZ UIBU TP GBS
BSF BNPOH UIF PMEFTU JO &VSPQF 1BHMJDDJ MBUF BEPMFTDFOU NBMF
BOE 1BHMJDDJ ZPVOH BEVMU GFNBMF
1BMNB EJ $FTOPMB 4UBOEBSEJ[FE DSPTTTFDUJPOBM HFPNFUSJD QSPQFSUJFT XFSF NFBTVSFE BU B TFSJFT PG SFHVMBS JOUFSWBMT BOE DPNQBSFE XJUI UIF FWJEFODF
GSPN B SFGFSFODF TBNQMF PG BEVMU JOEJWJEVBMT $PSUJDBM CPOF UIJDLOFTT XBT EFUBJMFE CFUXFFO BOE PG UIF CJPNFDIBO
JDBM GFNPSBM MFOHUI *O PSEFS UP QMBDF 1BHMJDDJ BOE 1BHMJDDJ XJUIJO UIF QBUUFSO PG WBSJBUJPO SFQPSUFE GPS UIF &VSPQFBO -BUF
1MFJTUPDFOF GPTTJM SFDPSE DPNQBSBUJWF EBUB GPS QFSDFOU PG DPSUJDBM BSFB $"
BOE UIF *Y*Z SBUJP NFBTVSFE BU BOE DSPTTTFDUJPOBM MFWFM XFSF PCUBJOFE GPS B OVNCFS PG 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD IVNBO GFNPSB 5SJOLBVT BOE 3VĈ ăF
EJBQIZTJT PG 1BHMJDDJ JT NPSF SPCVTU UIBO 1BHMJDDJ XJUI B HSFBUFS SFTJTUBODF UP BYJBM CFOEJOH BOE UPSTJPOBM MPBET "T SFWFBMFE
CZ NPSQIPNFUSJD NBQQJOH DPSUJDBM CPOF UPQPHSBQIZ JO CPUI GPTTJM TQFDJNFOT USBDFT UIF QBUUFSO TIPXO CZ NPEFSO IVNBOT BOE
PUIFS 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD TQFDJNFOT XJUI BSFBT PG SFMBUJWF JODSFBTFE UIJDLOFTT MPDBUFE NFEJBMMZ BU BOE MBUFSBMMZ CFTJEFT
UIPTF TVSSPVOEJOH UIF MJOFB BTQFSB /POFUIFMFTT BMM BMPOH UIF EJBQIZTJT WBMVFT PG $" BOE PG UIF *Y*Z SBUJP GPS UIF 1BHMJDDJ GFNVS TZTUFNBUJDBMMZ GBMM XJUIJO UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD GFNBMF SBOHF PG WBSJBUJPO BOE XIFSFBT FWFO UIF KVWFOJMF 1BHMJDDJ GFNVS
GBMMT XJUIJO NBMF WBSJBUJPO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL UIF 4PQSJOUFOEFO[B QFS J #FOJ "SDIFPMPHJDJ EFMMB 1VHMJB XIJDI BVUIPSJ[FE BOE TVQQPSUFE UIF FY
DBWBUJPOT BU (SPUUB 1BHMJDDJ PWFS UIF ZFBST
3FGFSFODFT<> #POEJPMJ - #BZMF 1 %FBO $ .B[VSJFS " 1VZNFSBJM - 3VĈ $ 4UPDL +57PMQBUP 7 ;BOPMMJ $ .BDDIJBSFMMJ 3 5FDIOJDBM OPUF NPSQIPNFUSJD NBQT PG MPOH CPOF TIBĕT BOE EFOUBM SPPUT GPS JNBHJOH UPQPHSBQIJD UIJDLOFTT WBSJBUJPO "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> 1BMNB %J $FTOPMB " -F 1BMÊPMJUIJRVF TVQÊSJFVS FO *UBMJF 4ÊSJF i1SÊIJTUPJSF E&VSPQFu +ÊSÔNF .JMMPO (SFOPCMF <> 3VĈ $#
)PMU # 5SJOLBVT & 8IPT BGSBJE PG UIF CJH CBE 8PMĈ i8PMĈ T -BXu BOE CPOF GVODUJPOBM BEBQUBUJPO "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> 4IBDLFMGPSE -- 3FHJPOBM WBSJBUJPO JO UIF QPTUDSBOJBM SPCVTUJDJUZ PG -BUF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD IVNBOT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> 5SJOLBVT & 3VĈ $# 'FNPSBM BOE UJCJBM EJBQIZTFBM DSPTTTFDUJPOBM HFPNFUSZ JO 1MFJTUPDFOF )PNP 1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ 137
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 3FUSBDUFE
8IBU JT HFOFUJD NPEFSOJUZ
3ZBO 3BBVN1
-FINBO $PMMFHF $6/:
"OBUPNJDBM BOE CFIBWJPSBM NPEFSOJUZ BSF NVDI MJLF QPSOPHSBQIZ XF NBZ OPU CF BCMF UP QSFDJTFMZ EFđOF UIFN CVU XF UIJOL XF
LOPX UIFN XIFO XF TFF UIFN *O DPOUSBTU HFOFUJD NPEFSOJUZ JT B NPSF BCTUSBDU DPODFQU .PEFMT PG NPEFSO IVNBO PSJHJOT PĕFO
JOWPLF B CPUUMFOFDL JO XIJDI TPNF MJNJUFE QPQVMBUJPO PG OPURVJUFIVNBO IPNJOJOT BDRVJSFT USVMZ NPEFSO IVNBO DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT
BOE UIFO TBMMJFT GPSUI UP TQSFBE UIFJS HFOFT GBS BOE XJEF 8FBWFS IBT BSHVFE UIBU OP TVDI FWFOU JT OFDFTTBSZ UP FYQMBJO UIF
DIBOHFT JO IPNJOJOIVNBO BOBUPNZ *G IF JT DPSSFDU UIFO JU JT QPTTJCMF UIBU NVMUJQMF QPQVMBUJPOT PG IPNJOJOT NPSF PS MFTT TUVN
CMFE JOUP NPEFSOJUZ 8IJDI PG DPVSTF TFFNT MVEJDSPVT #VU XF IBWF TUSPOH FWJEFODF UIBU IVNBOT CMVOEFSFE JOUP BHSJDVMUVSF BOE
BMM PG JUT DPOTFRVFODFT JOEFQFOEFOUMZ JO TFWFSBM QBSUT PG UIF HMPCF XIJDI NBLFT UIF JEFB PG UIF JOEFQFOEFOU BDRVJTJUJPO PG NPEFS
OJUZ B MJUUMF MFTT TVTQFDU (FOFUJD EBUB IBWF IBE JNQPSUBOU JNQBDUT PO PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG NPEFSO IVNBO PSJHJOT BOE DPOUJOVF
UP PĈFS TPNFUJNFT TVSQSJTJOH JOTJHIU %FOJTPWBOT
CVU SFMBUJWFMZ MJUUMF BUUFOUJPO IBT CFFO QBJE UP UIF NFBOJOH PG HFOFUJD PSJHJOT
"MNPTU BMM SFDFOU QPQVMBUJPO HFOPNJD BOBMZTJT TVHHFTUT UIBU UIF IVNBO QPQVMBUJPO UIBU XBT UIF NPTU SFDFOU DPNNPO BODFTUPS UP
BMM MJWJOH IVNBOT MJWFE BSPVOE UIPVTBOE ZFBST BHP BOE OP NPSF UIBO BCPVU UIPVTBOE ZFBST BHP
ăJT UJNF GSBNF DPJODJEFT
NPSF PS MFTT XJUI UIF FBSMJFTU FWJEFODFT PG CFIBWJPSBM NPEFSOJUZ CVU JT NPSF SFDFOU UIBO UIF đSTU FWJEFODF PG BOBUPNJDBM NPEFS
OJUZ CZ UIPVTBOE ZFBST PS NPSF ăJT PCTFSWBUJPO TVHHFTUT UIBU HFOFUJD NPEFSOJUZ JT OPU TJOHVMBS CVU SBUIFS TIPVME CF EJWJEFE
JOUP uQPQVMBUJPO DPBMFTDFOUu BOE uHFOPUZQJDu NPEFSOJUZ 1PQVMBUJPO DPBMFTDFOU HFOFUJD NPEFSOJUZ SFGFST TJNQMZ UP UIF DPNNPO
BODFTUSBM QPQVMBUJPO PG BMM MJWJOH IVNBOT UIJT QPQVMBUJPO NBZ OPU IBWF CFFO UIF đSTU QPQVMBUJPO UP IBWF BMM PG UIF NPEFSO IVNBO
DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT CVU JU JT UIF NPTU SFDFOU DPNNPO BODFTUPS *O UIJT GPSNVMBUJPO HFOPUZQJD NPEFSOJUZ JT SFTFSWFE GPS UIF đSTU QPQ
VMBUJPO UIBU IBE UIF EFSJWFE HFOFUJD WBSJBOUT OFDFTTBSZ GPS CPUI BOBUPNJD BOE CFIBWJPSBM NPEFSOJUZ ăJT GPSNVMBUJPO PG HFOFUJD
NPEFSOJUZ PĈFST B GSBNFXPSL GPS UIF JOUFHSBUJPO PG QPQVMBUJPO HFOPNJDT BOE EFWFMPQNFOUBM BOE GVODUJPOBM HFOPNJDT
3FGFSFODFT<> 8FBWFS 5% %JE B EJTDSFUF FWFOU ZFBST BHP QSPEVDF NPEFSO IVNBOT + )VN &WPM 138
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă "MM ZPV XBOUFE UP LOPX BCPVU HSPXUI PG "GSJDBO QZHNJFT CVU OP POF DPVME UFMM VOUJM OPX
'FSOBOEP 3BNJSF[ 3P[[J1 "MBJO 'SPNFOU2 +ÊSÊNJF #PUUPO3 :WFT ,PVEPV4
613 $/34 1BSJT 'SBODF p %ÊQBSUFNFOU IPNNFT OBUVSF FU TPDJÊUÊ ./)/ 1BSJT 'SBODF p 6.34 6OJWFSTJUZ 1BSJT4VE 'SBODF p *OTFSN $FOUSF GPS 3FTFBSDI JO &QJEFNJPMPHZ BOE 1PQVMBUJPO )FBMUI $&41
'SBODF
4NBMM TUBUVSF QPQVMBUJPOT JOIBCJU UIF FRVBUPSJBM BSFB PG BMM DPOUJOFOUT ăPTF MJWJOH JO "GSJDB DBMMFE AQZHNJFT TIBSF B DPNNPO BODFT
UPS XIJDI TQMJU GSPN UIBU PG OPOQZHNJFT QPQVMBUJPOT BSPVOE ZST #1 <> 4UVEJFT PO HFOFUJD JOUSPHSFTTJPO IBWF EFNPOTUSBUFE
UIBU TNBMM TUBUVSF JO "GSJDBO QZHNJFT JT EVF UP HFOFUJD CBTFT CFJOH #BLB QZHNJFT UIF HSPVQ XJUI UIF MFTTFS EFHSFF PG BENJYUVSF $PO
USBSZ UP HFOFUJD BTQFDUT XIJDI SFDFJWFE HSFBU BUUFOUJPO BMUIPVHI UIF QSFDJTF HFOFUJD GPVOEBUJPO SFNBJOT BU QSFTFOU FMVTJWF <> GFX
XPSLT IBWF USZ UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF NFDIBOJTN CZ XIJDI MPX TUBUVSF JT BUUBJOFE JO BEVMUT JO PUIFS XPSET HSPXUI BOE EFWFMPQNFOU
XFSF BQQSPBDIFE WFSZ SBSFMZ JO UIFTF QPQVMBUJPOT 1SFWJPVT TUVEJFT PO HSPXUI IBWF TVHHFTUFE UIBU MPX TUBUVSF JT UIF SFTVMU PG UIF MBDL
PG HSPXUI TQVSU JO BEPMFTDFODF <> PS UIF QSFDPDJPVT BSSFTU PG HSPXUI <> )PXFWFS HSPXUI BOE EFWFMPQNFOU DBOOPU CF BEFRVBUFMZ
EFTDSJCFE JG TUVEJFT BSF OPU CBTFE PO MPOHJUVEJOBM EBUB PCUBJOFE JO JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI LOPXO BHF #BTFE PO EBUF PG CJSUI PCUBJOFE CZ
OVOT XJUI NFEJDBM USBJOJOH JO 4PVUI &BTU $BNFSPPO GSPN UIF MBUF VOUJM OPX XF TUBSUFE JO B QSPKFDU UP DIBSBDUFSJ[F HSPXUI
BOE EFWFMPQNFOU JO #BLB QZHNJFT %VSJOH UIF MBTU ZFBST XF IBWF GPMMPXFE XJUI B ZFBSMZ QFSJPEJDJUZ BSPVOE #BLB QZHNJFT BHFE
GSPN UP ZFBST 4PNBUJD HSPXUI XBT EFTDSJCFE GSPN BOUISPQPNFUSJD NFBTVSFNFOUT IFJHIU XFJHIU IFBE DJSDVNGFSFODF
BOE
DPNQMFNFOUFE XJUI MJGF IJTUPSZ WBSJBCMFT BT BHF BU NFOBSDIF JOUFSCJSUI JOUFSWBM BOE BHF BU đSTU SFQSPEVDUJPO *OEJWJEVBMT XFSF BHFE
JO EBZT XIJDI BMMPXT UP GPSN BHF DMBTTFT EFQFOEJOH PO UIF SFRVJSFNFOUT PG UIF BOBMZTJT PS UIF DPNQBSJTPOT UP CF QFSGPSNFE BT XFMM BT
UP FTUBCMJTI UIF NPEFM XIJDI CFTU FYQMBJO UIF EZOBNJD PG HSPXUI 1SPCJU BOBMZTJT XBT VTFE UP FTUBCMJTI UIF NFEJBO BHF BU NFOBSDIF
3FTVMUT GPS JOUFSCJSUI JOUFSWBM BSF HJWFO FWFSZ NPOUI BOE BHF BU đSTU SFQSPEVDUJPO FWFSZ ZFBS 0VS SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU #BLB QZHNJFT
BSF CPSO XJUI WBMVFT TJNJMBS UP UIPTF JO OPOQZHNJFT QPQVMBUJPOT ăF NPEFM PG HSPXUI TIPXT B TJNJMBS EZOBNJD UIBO JO PUIFS
NPEFSO IVNBO HSPVQT XJUI B DMFBS HSPXUI TQVSU JO BEPMFTDFODF (SPXUI TFFNT UP FYUFOE EVSJOH GFX ZFBST NPSF UIBO JO PDDJEFOUBM
TPDJFUJFT BTQFDU XIJDI SFNBJOT UIF DPOEJUJPO PCTFSWFE JO "GSJDB OPOQZHNZ QPQVMBUJPOT ăF NBJO QBSUJDVMBSJUZ PG HSPXUI PG #BLB
JT B SFEVDFE SBUF GSPN ZFBST PG BHF .FEJBO BHF BU NFOBSDIF JT BU ZFBST BOE đSTU SFQSPEVDUJPO JT PCTFSWFE BU ZFBST PG BHF
BMUIPVHI JT NPSF DPNNPO BU ZFBST PG BHF *OUFSCJSUI JOUFSWBM JT BSPVOE ZFBST 0VS SFTVMUT EP OPU TVQQPSU UIF IZQPUIFTJT PG B
MBDL PG HSPXUI TQVSU PS QSFDPDJUZ PG HSPXUI UP FYQMBJO UIF SFEVDFE BEVMU TUBUVSF %JĈFSFOUMZ CBTFE PO UIF MBSHFTU TBNQMF TJ[F OFWFS
QSFWJPVTMZ PCUBJOFE GPS B IVOUFSHBUIFSFS TPDJFUZ BOE JODMVEJOH FYDMVTJWFMZ JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI LOPXO BHF GSPN CJSUI UP BEVMUIPPE
PVS SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU QZHNZ QIFOPUZQF JO #BLB JT EVF UP B MPXFS SBUF PG HSPXUI GSPN ZFBST PG BHF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF WFSZ HSBUFGVM UP OVOT PG #PTRVFU BT XFMM BT UIF BVUIPSJUJFT PG UIF *3% JO $BNFSPPO .BOZ UIBOLT UP
BMM PVS DPMMBCPSBUPST TQFDJBMMZ -BVSFOU .BHFU ,BMP 1JFSSF FU &UPB +FBO#MBJTF ăJT XPSLT SFDFJWFE đOBODJBM TVQQPSU GSPN 8FOOFS
(SFO 'PVOEBUJPO (SBOU UP '33
/BUJPOBM (FPHSBQIJD 4PDJFUZ (SBOU UP '33
BOE "/3 QSPHSBN #MBOD A(SPXJO"1
3FGFSFODFT<> 1BUJO & -BWBM ( #BSSFJSP -# 4BMBT " 4FNJOP 0 FU BM *OGFSSJOH UIF %FNPHSBQIJD )JTUPSZ PG "GSJDBO 'BSNFST BOE 1ZHNZ
)VOUFSm(BUIFSFST 6TJOH B .VMUJMPDVT 3FTFRVFODJOH %BUB 4FU 1-P4 (FOFU F EPJKPVSOBMQHFO <> 3PTFOGFME 3(
*OTVMMJOMJLF HSPXUI GBDUPST BOE UIF CBTJT PG HSPXUI / &OH + .FE m <> .FSJNFF 5+ ;BQG + )FXMFUU # $BWBMMJ4GPS[B --
*OTVMJOMJLF (SPXUI'BDUPS JO 1ZHNJFT ăF SPMF PG QVCFSUZ JO EFUFSNJOJOH đOBM TUBUVSF / &OH + .FE m <> .JHMJBOP "# 7JOJDJVT
- .JSB[PO -BIS . -JGF IJTUPSZ USBEFPĈT FYQMBJO UIF FWPMVUJPO PG IVNBO QZHNJFT 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ 6 4 " m
139
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă )PNJOJO FDPMPHZ BOE CFIBWJPS CBTFE PO NJMMJPOZFBSPME GPPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT GSPN *MFSFU ,FOZB
#SJBO 3JDINPOE1,2 ,FWJO )BUBMB1,3 "OOB , #FISFOTNFZFS4 3FOÊ #PCF1 %BWJE #SBVO1 %BWJE (SFFO 5 1VSJUZ ,JVSB6 ,FMMZ 0TUSPGTLZ1
$FOUFS GPS UIF "EWBODFE 4UVEZ PG )PNJOJE 1BMFPCJPMPHZ %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ ăF (FPSHF 8BTIJOHUPO 6OJWFSTJUZ
8BTIJOHUPO %$ 64" p )VNBO 0SJHJOT 1SPHSBN /./) 4NJUITPOJBO *OTUJUVUJPO p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO
.BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPO -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p 1BMFPCJPMPHZ %FQBSUNFOU /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ
4NJUITPOJBO *OTUJUVUJPO 8BTIJOHUPO %$ 64" p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OBUPNZ .JEXFTUFSO 6OJWFSTJUZ %PXOFST (SPWF *-
64" p "SDIBFPMPHZ %FQBSUNFOU /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG ,FOZB /BJSPCJ ,FOZB
'PPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT QSFTFSWF JOGPSNBUJPO UIBU JT OPU OPSNBMMZ BWBJMBCMF GSPN UIF TLFMFUBM BOE EFOUBM GPTTJM SFDPSE JODMVEJOH FW
JEFODF BCPVU TVSGBDF BOBUPNZ CJPNFDIBOJDBM NPWFNFOU UIF TJ[FT BOE DPNQPTJUJPO PG IPNJOJO HSPVQT BOE UIF BOJNBMT TIBSJOH
UIF FOWJSPONFOU XJUI IPNJOJOT FH <>
'VSUIFSNPSF GPPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT QSFTFSWF UIJT JOGPSNBUJPO XJUIJO WFSZ TIPSU UJNF
GSBNFT UZQJDBMMZ PO UIF PSEFS PG IPVST UP EBZT ăJT VOVTVBM UJNF SFTPMVUJPO BMMPXT VT UP BTTFTT IPX PS XIFUIFS UIF FWJEFODF PG
IPNJOJO BOE PUIFS BOJNBM DPNNVOJUJFT EJĈFST CFUXFFO UIFTF TIPSU IPVSTEBZT
TOBQTIPUT JO UJNF BOE UIF GPTTJM TLFMFUPEFOUBM
FWJEFODF UIBU UZQJDBMMZ SFQSFTFOUT UJNFBWFSBHJOH PWFS UIPVTBOET PG ZFBST )FSF XF SFQPSU PVS đOEJOHT CBTFE PO B TFSJFT PG FYDBWB
UJPOT JO UIF ,PPCJ 'PSB 'PSNBUJPO BU *MFSFU ,FOZB 8F IBWF VODPWFSFE EP[FOT PG IPNJOJO GPPUQSJOUT BOE NBOZ PUIFS
BOJNBM QSJOUT BU FJHIU TJUFT JO UIF NUIJDL 0LPUF 5VĈ $PNQMFY NJMMJPO ZFBST PME PS .B
ăJT TUVEZ GPDVTFT PO XIBU
UIF *MFSFU GPPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT TVHHFTU BCPVU FBSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO FDPMPHZ BOE CFIBWJPS )PNJOJO QSJOUT BSF SFQSFTFOUFE
JO đWF PG UIF FJHIU *MFSFU GPPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT FYBNJOFE IFSF 8IFO JOEJWJEVBM QSJOU BCVOEBODFT BSF FYBNJOFE IPNJOJOT BSF
NVDI NPSF BCVOEBOU UIBO FYQFDUFE CBTFE PO UIFJS BCVOEBODF JO UIF TLFMFUPEFOUBM GPTTJM SFDPSE JO UIF TBNF 0LPUF 5VĈ $PN
QMFY EFQPTJUT 'JTIFST FYBDU UFTU Q
#PWJET BSF UIF NPTU BCVOEBOU UBYPO SFQSFTFOUFE JO UIF GPPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT CVU
QSJOUT PG IJQQPQPUBNVT BT XFMM BT TFWFSBM WBSJFUJFT PG XBUFS CJSET FH QFMJDBOT TUPSLT
BSF BMTP QSFTFSWFE JOEJDBUJOH DMPTF QSPYJNJUZ
UP XBUFS ăF QSFWBMFODF PG IPNJOJO QSJOUT TVHHFTUT UIBU UIFZ TQFOE NPSF UJNF JO UIFTF OFBSXBUFS FOWJSPONFOUT UIBO FYQFDUFE
CBTFE PO UIFJS TLFMFUPEFOUBM BCVOEBODF BMPOF 5P FYBNJOF UIF TJ[F BOE EFNPHSBQIJD DPNQPTJUJPO PG UIF IPNJOJO QSJOUNBLFST XF
DPNQBSFE UIF GPTTJM GPPUQSJOUT UP B MBSHF TBNQMF PG FYQFSJNFOUBM GPPUQSJOUT NBEF XIFO XBMLJOH JO UIF TBNF GPTTJM TFEJNFOU CZ
IBCJUVBMMZ CBSFGPPU BOE NJOJNBMMZTIPE %BBTBOBDI O
XIP MJWF OFBS *MFSFU ăF IPNJOJO GPPUQSJOUT BU NPTU PG UIF .B TJUFT
BSF MBSHF DPNQBSBCMF JO TJ[F UP GPPUQSJOUT NBEF CZ BEVMU %BBTBOBDI NBMFT ăFTF GPPUQSJOUT ZJFME CPEZ NBTT BOE TUBUVSF FTUJNBUFT
DPNQBSBCMF UP PS BCPWF UIF QSFEJDUFE TJ[FT PG NBMF )PNP FSHBTUFS PS 1BSBOUISPQVT CPJTFJ "U POF PG UIF TJUFT 'X+K&
BU MFBTU đWF
IPNJOJO USBJMT BSF PSJFOUFE UPHFUIFS JO B EJSFDUJPO UIBU EJĈFST TJHOJđDBOUMZ Q
GSPN PUIFS BOJNBM QSJOU PSJFOUBUJPOT ăFTF
USBDLXBZT BQQFBS UP SFQSFTFOU BEVMU NBMFT PDDVQZJOH UIF TBNF UFSSJUPSZ XJUIJO B WFSZ TIPSU UJNF QPUFOUJBMMZ USBWFMJOH UPHFUIFS
ăFTF GPPUQSJOU BTTFNCMBHFT SBJTF QSPWPDBUJWF RVFTUJPOT BCPVU FBSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO IBCJUBU QSFGFSFODFT BOE TPDJBM CFIBWJPS
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT XPSL XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF /BUJPOBM 4DJFODF 'PVOEBUJPO #$4 %(&
8FOOFS(SFO 'PVOEBUJPO -FBLFZ 'PVOEBUJPO BOE ăF (FPSHF 8BTIJOHUPO 6OJWFSTJUZ 4FMFDUJWF &YDFMMFODF *OJUJBUJWF
BOE 6OJWFSTJUZ 'BDJMJUBUJOH 'VOE
3FGFSFODFT<> -FBLFZ .% )BZ 3- 1MJPDFOF GPPUQSJOUT JO UIF -BFUPMJM #FET BU -BFUPMJ OPSUIFSO 5BO[BOJB /BUVSF m <>
#FOOFUU .3 )BSSJT +8 3JDINPOE #( #SBVO %3 .CVB & ,JVSB 1 0MBHP % ,JCVOKJB . 0NVPNCP $ #FISFOTNFZFS ", )VEEBSU
% (PO[BMF[ 4 &BSMZ IPNJOJO GPPU NPSQIPMPHZ CBTFE PO NJMMJPOZFBSPME GPPUQSJOUT GSPN *MFSFU ,FOZB 4DJFODF m
140
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD TJUFT BU /FVNBSL/PSE (FSNBOZ
0QUJDBMMZ BOE UIFSNBMMZ TUJNVMBUFE
MVNJOFTDFODF EBUJOH
%BOJFM 3JDIUFS1 &OSJDP #SÛIM2 ăPNBT -BVSBU3 %JNJUSJ %F -PFDLFS3 8JM 3PFCSPFLT4 -VU[ ,JOEMFS 4 (FPĈ 4NJUI4 4BCJOF (BVE[JOTLJ8JOEIFVTFS4
%FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p #FTVDIFS[FOUSVN #JM[JOHTMFCFO (FSNBOZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO 0SJHJOT 'BDVMUZ PG "SDIBFPMPHZ -FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ ăF
/FUIFSMBOET p .0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO /FVXJFE
(FSNBOZ
ăF FYDBWBUJPOT BU /FVNBSL/PSE IBWF QSPWJEFE BO FYDFQUJPOBM PQQPSUVOJUZ GPS EBUJOH BOE UIF EFUBJMFE BOBMZTJT PG UIF FOWJSPO
NFOUBM TFUUJOHT PG /FBOEFSUBM BDUJWJUJFT BSPVOE B TIBMMPX XBUFS CBTJO EVSJOH UIF &FNJBO BOE &BSMZ 8FJDITFMJBO QFSJPET < > ăF
TFEJNFOUBSZ TFRVFODF PG UIF /FVNBSL/PSE CBTJO BCPWF 4BBMJBO UJMMT DPOUBJOT TFWFSBM .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD TJUFT XJUIJO MBDVTUSJOF
TJMUT
BT XFMM BT MPFTTJD TFEJNFOUT -JUIJD BSUFGBDUT BSF HFOFSBMMZ WFSZ MJNJUFE JO TJ[F JO BMM BSDIBFPMPHJDBM VOJUT BOE FTQFDJBMMZ TNBMM
JO UIF VQQFS PG UIF UXP NBJO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM VOJUT ăF MPXFS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM VOJU DPOTJTUT PG B .PVTUFSJBO JOEVTUSZ XIJDI JT
DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ B -FWBMMPJT DPNQPOFOU BOE B EPNJOBODF PG OPUDIFE QJFDFT .PSFPWFS TDSBQFST MBDL GPSNBM DMBTTJđDBUPSZ BUUSJCV
UJPO BOE CJGBDJBM GPSNT BSF BCTFOU ăF MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHF PG UIF VQQFS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM VOJU JT EPNJOBUFE CZ GPSNBM TDSBQFST BOE
CJGBDJBM UPPMT OPUBCMZ ,FJMNFTTFS BOE MFBG QPJOUT XIJDI BTTJHO UIF JOWFOUPSZ UP UIF ,FJMNFTTFSHSVQQFO .JDPRVJBO1SɷEOJLJBO
1BMZOPMPHZ BOE NBHOFUPTUSBUJHSBQIZ BTTJHO &FNJBO BOE QPTU&FNJBO BHFT UP UIF TFRVFODF XJUI BO BMNPTU DPNQMFUF QBMZOPMPHJDBM
TFRVFODF PG UIF &FNJBO JOUFSHMBDJBM ăJT JT TVQQPSUFE CZ UIF UZQJDBM JOUFSHMBDJBM GBVOB JO VOJU XJUI TUSBJHIU UVTL PS &VSPQFBO
GPSFTU FMFQIBOU IJHI BNPVOUT PG MBSHF CPWJE BVFSPDIT
IPSTF SFE BOE GBMMPX EFFS WFSZ GFX DBSOJWPSFT BOE UIF &VSPQFBO QPOE
UVSUMF ăF OVNCFS PG DVU BOE PUIFS CVUDIFSZ NBSLT PO UIF NBNNBM CPOFT JT IJHI XJUI BMNPTU OP DBSOJWPSF JOWPMWFNFOU
*O VOJU UIF GBVOBM TQFDUSVN JT B CJU QPPSFS BOE NPSF JOEJĈFSFOU XJUI MBSHF CPWJE CPT BOEPS CJTPO
IPSTF SFE EFFS B QSP
CPTDJEFBO BOE SFE GPY 'VSUIFSNPSF UIF &FNJBO BHF GPS UIF MPXFS VOJU JT DPOđSNFE CZ ăFSNPMVNJOFTDFODF 5-
EBUJOH PG
IFBUFE ĔJOU 8F IFSF BQQMZ B OFX NFBTVSFNFOU QSPUPDPM XIJDI BMMPXT GPS UIF TVDDFTTGVM EBUJOH PG WFSZ TNBMM TBNQMFT PG IFBUFE ĔJOU
ăF EFQPTJUJPOBM BHF PG BO PWFSMZJOH TBOEZ MBLF TIPSF EFQPTJU XIJDI DPOUBJOT BSDIBFPMPHJDBM VOJU JT EFUFSNJOFE CZ 0QUJDBMMZ
4UJNVMBUFE -VNJOFTDFODF 04-
8F IFSF BQQMZ TUBOEBSE QSPDFEVSFT BOE B OFX UFDIOJRVF CBTFE PO TQBUJBMMZ SFTPMWFE 04- (PPE
BHSFFNFOU PG 04- SFTVMUT JT PCUBJOFE CFUXFFO UIF UXP UFDIOJRVFT FNQMPZFE BOE BHFT BMTP BHSFF XJUI UIF QVCMJTIFE TUBOEBSE 04BHF PG LB <> GSPN BO JOEFQFOEFOU MBCPSBUPSZ )PXFWFS QVCMJTIFE 5- EBUJOH PG UIF TFEJNFOU PG VOJU QSPWJEF BO VOVTV
BMMZ MBSHF SBOHF CFUXFFO BOE LB <> XIJDI JT JODPNQBUJCMF XJUI TFEJNFOUPMPHZ 0OMZ GFX PG UIFTF JOEJWJEVBM 5- BHFT GPS UIF
TFEJNFOUBUJPO BHSFF XJUI UIF 04- EBUB XIJDI XFSF PCUBJOFE CZ NPSF SFDFOU BOE BEWBODFE UFDIOJRVFT ăJT DPNQBSJTPO FYFNQMJ
đFT UIF VOTVJUBCJMJUZ PG 5- GPS TFEJNFOU EBUJOH BOE UIF CFUUFS QSFDJTJPO PG 04- NFUIPET 'VSUIFSNPSF OFX 04- UFDIOJRVFT MJLF
TQBUJBMMZ SFTPMWFE MVNJOFTDFODF IBWF UIF QPUFOUJBM GPS BO BEEJUJPOBM JODSFBTF JO QSFDJTJPO 8IJMF UIF QSFIJTUPSJD FWFOU PG MJHIUJOH B
đSF JT EBUFE CZ 5- PG IFBUFE ĔJOU GSPN VOJU UIF EFQPTJUJPOBM BHF CZ 04- QSPWJEFT B QPTU RVFN BHF GPS UIF ,FJMNFTTFS BSUFGBDUT
DPOUBJOFE JO UIF TFEJNFOU PG VOJU 6TJOH TUBUF PG UIF BSU MVNJOFTDFODF UFDIOJRVFT UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TJUFT BU /FVNBSL/PSE DBO CF TJUVBUFE NPSF QSFDJTFMZ XJUIJO B DMJNBUPTUSBUJHSBQIJD GSBNFXPSL
3FGFSFODFT<> 4JFS .+ 3PFCSPFLT 8 #BLFMT $$ %FLLFST .+ #SÛIM & %F -PFDLFS % (BVE[JOTLJ8JOEIFVTFS 4 )FTTF / +BHJDI " ,JOEMFS
- ,VJKQFS 8+ -BVSBU 5 .ÛDIFS )+ 1FOLNBO ,&) 3JDIUFS % 7BO )JOTCFSHFO %++ %JSFDU UFSSFTUSJBMNBSJOF DPSSFMBUJPO EFNPOTUSBUFT
TVSQSJTJOHMZ MBUF POTFU PG UIF MBTU JOUFSHMBDJBM JO DFOUSBM &VSPQF õVBUFSOBSZ 3FTFBSDI <> (BVE[JOTLJ8JOEIFVTFS 4 3PFCSPFLT 8 &ET
JO QSFTT .VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ 4UVEJFT PG UIF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD SFDPSE GSPN /FVNBSL/PSE (FSNBOZ
7PMVNF -BOEFTBNU GÛS %FOLNBMQĔFHF VOE
"SDIÅPMPHJF 4BDITFO"OIBMU )BMMF <> 4USBIM + ,SCFUTDIFL .3 -VDLFSU + .BDIBMFUU # .FOH 4 0DIFT &" *WP 3BQQTJMCFS 8BOTB 4 ;ÕMMFS -
(FPMPHJF 1BMÅPOUPMPHJF VOE (FPDISPOPMPHJF EFT &FN#FDLFOT /FVNBSL/PSE VOE 7FSHMFJDI NJU EFN #FDLFO /FVNBSL/PSE (FJTFMUBM
4BDITFO"OIBMU
&( õVBUFSOBSZ 4DJFODF +PVSOBM m <> #SÛIM & -BVSBU 5 ăF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD BU UIF (FJTFM 7BMMFZ SFDFOU
FYDBWBUJPOT BU UIF GPTTJM MBLF /FVNBSL/PSE 4BDITFO"OIBMU (FSNBOZ
*O #VSEVLJFXJD[ +. 8JTOJFXTLJ " &ET
.JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD )VNBO
BDUJWJUZ BOE QBMBFPFDPMPHZ /FX EJTDPWFSJFT BOE JEFBT4UVEJB "SDIFPMPHJD[OF QQ 141
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B /FX &WJEFODF 4VHHFTUJOH B %JTTPDJBUFE "FUJPMPHZ GPS $SJCSB 0SCJUBMJB BOE 1PSPUJD )ZQFSPTUPTJT
'SBODFT 3JWFSB1 .BSUB .JSB[PO-BIS1
-$)&4 %FQU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF
"OBFNJB DBO SFĔFDU EJTFBTF CVSEFO OVUSJUJPOBM EFđDJFODJFT PS MPOHUFSN JNNVOPMPHJDBM BEBQUBUJPOT UP NBMBSJB 0TUFPMPHJDBM MF
TJPOT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI BOBFNJD DPOEJUJPOT DBO UIVT PĈFS VOJRVF JOTJHIUT JOUP IVNBO QBMBFPCJPMPHZ "O BTTPDJBUJPO CFUXFFO QPSPUJD
DSBOJBM MFTJPOT BOE BOBFNJB XBT OPUFE CZ "MFT )SEMJDLB <> JO 1FSVWJBO TLVMMT BT XFMM BT UISPVHI 5# $PPMFZT <> NFEJDBM TUVEZ
PG DIJMESFO ăF MBUUFS CFDBNF LOPXO BT $PPMFZT BOBFNJB ăBMBTTFNJB Φ PS NBKPS
B TFWFSF HFOFUJD BĎJDUJPO UIBU JO UIF DSBOJBM
WBVMU PĕFO SFTVMUT JO NBSSPX IZQFSQMBTJB UIF USBCFDVMBS SFTUSVDUVSJOH PG UIF TVQFSJPS EJQMPJD CPOF BOE VMUJNBUFMZ UIF PCMJUFSB
UJPO PG UIF PVUFS DSBOJBM UBCMF ăJT FYQPTFT UIF VOEFSMZJOH TQPOHZ TUSVDUVSF DSFBUJOH UIF BQQFBSBODF PG QJUUJOH LOPXO BT QPSPUJD
IZQFSPTUPTJT <> 1PSPUJD MFTJPOT BSF OPU MJNJUFE UP UIF WBVMU UIFZ PDDVS JO UIF TVQFSJPS PSCJUBM SPPGT BT XFMM SFGFSSFE UP BT DSJCSB
PSCJUBMJB #PUI QPSPUJD IZQFSPTUPTJT BOE DSJCSB PSCJUBMJB BSF UIPVHIU UP IBWF UIF TBNF BFUJPMPHZ PĕFO BQQFBSJOH UPHFUIFS <> *U JT
OPX HFOFSBMMZ SFDPHOJ[FE UIBU ăBMBTTFNJB Φ JT OPU UIF POMZ GPSN PG BOBFNJB UP IBWF TVDI B EJTUJODUJWF PTUFPMPHJDBM FĈFDU ăFSF
BSF B OVNCFS PG PUIFS DPOEJUJPOT CPUI HFOFUJD JF ăBMBTTFNJB NJOPS TJDLMF DFMM BOBFNJB IFSFEJUBSZ OPOTQIFSPDZUJD IBFNPMZUJD
BOBFNJB
BOE BDRVJSFE JF JSPOEFđDJFODZ BOBFNJB TDVSWZ SJDLFUT QPMZDZUIFNJB 7FSB DZBOPUJD DPOHFOJUBM IFBSU EJTFBTF
UIBU EP
BT XFMM <> ăFSFGPSF UIFSF IBT CFFO NVDI EFCBUF BCPVU UIF TQFDJđD BFUJPMPHZ PG QPSPUJD MFTJPOT QBSUJDVMBSMZ JO BOUISPQPMPHZ *U
JT B HFOFSBM DPOTFOTVT UIBU B CMPPE EJTPSEFS JT MJLFMZ UP CF UIF QSJNBSZ DBVTF PG UIFTF EJTUJODUJWF MFTJPOT TJODF UIF FYQBOTJPO PG UIF
DSBOJBM EJQMPÌ EVF UP IZQFSQMBTJB JT UIF DPNNPO DIBSBDUFSJTUJD PG UIFTF BJMNFOUT *O UIJT TUVEZ XF QSFTFOU SFTVMUT UIBU DIBMMFOHF
UIF BTTPDJBUJPO PG QBSJFUBM BOE PSCJUBM QPSPUJD MFTJPOT BOE DPOTFRVFOUMZ UIF MJOL CFUXFFO UIF MBUUFS BOE BOBFNJB " $5 BOBMZTJT
PG DSBOJBM UIJDLOFTT NFBTVSFNFOUT O
BDSPTT UIF WBVMU PG JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI DSJCSB PSCJUBMJB O
MBDLJOH QPSPUJD IZQFSPT
UPTJT BOE B IFBMUIZ QPQVMBUJPO O
TIPXT UIBU UIF QBUIPMPHJDBM JOEJWJEVBMT BSF NBSLFE CZ B DPOTJEFSBCMZ UIJO EJQMPÌ ăJT JT
DPOUSBSZ UP UIF FYQFDUFE IZQFSQMBTUJD SFTQPOTF PG NBSSPX FYQBOTJPO UIBU JT UZQJDBM PG CMPPE EJTPSEFST TVDI BT BOBFNJB HFOFUJD PS
BDRVJSFE ăVT JU JT TVHHFTUFE UIBU DSJCSB PSCJUBMJB JT NPTU MJLFMZ EJTBTTPDJBUFE XJUI UIF DBVTFT
PG QPSPUJD IZQFSPTUPTJT PCTFSWFE PO
UIF WBVMU ăJT JT JNQPSUBOU CFDBVTF BTTVNJOH B TJNJMBS BFUJPMPHZ GPS CPUI DSBOJBM MFTJPOT IBT TIBQFE UIF VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG BODFTUSBM
EJTFBTF FTQFDJBMMZ TJODF UIFTF MFTJPOT BOEPS UIF BCOPSNBM EJQMPJD FYQBOTJPO IBWF CFFO OPUFE JO IPNJOJOT TVDI BT &MJZF 4QSJOHT
JF ,/.&4 4JOHB BOE 4BMÊ 3FDPOTJEFSJOH B TFQBSBUF BFUJPMPHZ PG QPSPUJD DSBOJBM MFTJPOT NBZ DPSSFDU UIF QBUI CZ XIJDI
XF VOEFSTUBOE UIF BĎJDUJPOT BOE QPUFOUJBM FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOEJUJPOT TVTUBJOFE JO UIF DPVSTF PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO BOE UIBU TUJMM
BĈFDU IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT UPEBZ
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT " TJODFSF UIBOL ZPV UP PVS GVOEJOH CPEJFT 6,*&3* -FWFSIVMNF (SBOU BOE &3$ "MTP UP "EEFOCSPPLFT
)PTQJUBM $BNCSJEHF UIF %VDLXPSUI $PMMFDUJPO -$)&4 1SPGFTTPS 3PCFSU 'PMFZ -$)&4 'BCJP -BIS BOE .BHHJF #FMMBUUJ
-$)&4
3FGFSFODFT<> )SEMJDLB " "OUISPQPMPHJDBM 8PSL JO 1FSV JO XJUI /PUFT PO 1BUIPMPHZ PG "ODJFOU 1FSVWJBOT 4NJUITPO . $ <> $PPMFZ 5# BOE 1 -FF 4FSJFT PG $BTFT PG 4QMFOPNFHBMZ JO $IJMESFO XJUI "OFNJB BOE 1FDVMJBS #POF $IBOHFT +PVSOBM PG "NFSJDBO 1FEJBUSJD
4PDJFUZ <> 0SUOFS %POBME + *EFOUJđDBUJPO PG 1BUIPMPHJDBM $POEJUJPOT JO )VNBO 4LFMFUBM 3FNBJOT OE FE "DBEFNJD 1SFTT -POEPO <>
)PMMBOE 5% BOE .+ 0#SJBO 1BSBTJUFT 1PSPUJD )ZQFSPTUPTJT BOE UIF *NQMJDBUJPOT PG $IBOHJOH 1FSTQFDUJWFT "NFSJDBO "OUJRVJUZ <> .PTFMFZ +PIO & ăF 1BMFPQBUIPMPHJD 3JEEMF PG i4ZNNFUSJDBM 0TUFPQPSPTJTu "NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 3PFOUHFOPMPHZ 3BEJVN ăFSBQZ BOE
/VDMFBS .FEJDJOF 142
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD MJWJOH ĔPPS PG 6OJU LZST #1
GSPN UIF 0TDVSVTDJVUP 4IFMUFS (JOPTB
5BSBOUP 4PVUIFSO *UBMZ
"OOBNBSJB 3PODIJUFMMJ1 1BPMP #PTDBUP1 %BOJFMF "VSFMJ1 'SBODFTDP #PTDIJO1 +BDPQP $SF[[JOJ1 (JVMJB .BSDJBOJ1 (JVMJP
1PHHJ2 4UFGBOP 3JDDP1 7JODFO[P 4QBHOPMP1
%JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4DJFO[F 'JTJDIF EFMMB 5FSSB F EFMM"NCJFOUF 63 1SFJTUPSJB F "OUSPQPMPHJB 6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ 4UVEJ EJ 4JFOB
*UBMZ p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ 4DJFO[F 4UPSJDIF F EFJ #FOJ $VMUVSBMJ -BCPSBUPSJP EJ 5PQPHSBđB EFJ 5FSSJUPSJ .JOFSBSJ 6OJWFSTJUÆ EFHMJ
4UVEJ EJ 4JFOB *UBMZ
ăF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD 0TDVSVTDJVUP SPDL TIFMUFS PQFOT JO UIF 1MFJTUPDFOF DBMDBSFOJUFT JO UIF SBWJOF PG (JOPTB BCPVU LN GSPN
UIF *POJD DPBTU ăF SFTFBSDI UIBU UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4JFOB IBT CFFO DBSSZJOH PVU TJODF IBT CSPVHIU UP MJHIU B TUSBUJHSBQIJD TF
RVFODF BCPVU NFUFST UIJDL NBEF PVU PG TVCIPSJ[POUBM MBZFST XJUI B EPNJOBOU TBOEZTJMUZ NBUSJY <> <> <> ăF DPMMBQTF PG UIF
TIFMUFST WBVMU MBSHF CMPDLT DBO CF PCTFSWFE BMPOH UIF TUSBUJHSBQIZ
SFTVMUFE JO UIF FSPTJPO PG TPNF PG UIF EFQPTJU "T B DPOTFRVFODF
UIJT JT OBSSPXFS JO UIF VQQFS MBZFST XIFSFBT JO UIF MPXFS POFT UIF FYQPTFE TVSGBDF SFBDIFT BO FYUFOTJPO PG TRVBSF NFUFST ăF
VQQFS QBSU PG UIF TUSBUJHSBQIZ CBTF PG 46 ZJFMEFE B $ EBUF PG #1 ".4 #FUB DBM #1
" GVSUIFS QPTU RVFN DISPOPMPHJDBM NBSLFS JT SFQSFTFOUFE CZ B UIJDL MBZFS PG UFGSB 46
BUUSJCVUFE UP UIF .PVOU &QPNFP (SFFO
5VĈ GSPN *TDIJB 3 4VMQJ[JP QFST DPNNFOU
EBUFE UP BCPVU LZST #1 ăJT WPMDBOJD MBZFS TFBMT B QBMBFPTVSGBDF 46
QMBDFE BU
B EFQUI PG BCPVU NFUFST GSPN UIF UPQ PG UIF EFQPTJU ăF TQFDJđD JOUFSFTU PG UIJT QBMBFPTVSGBDF FYQPTFE PWFS BO BSFB PG TRVBSF
NFUFST JT HJWFO CZ UIF QSFTFODF PG TUPOF BMJHONFOUT SFGFSBCMF UP UXP QPTTJCMF TUSVDUVSFT BMPOHTJEF MBSHF RVBOUJUJFT PG MJUIJD BOE
GBVOBM SFNBJOT ăF đSTU TUSVDUVSF DPNQSJTFT B NFUFST XJEF TFNJDJSDMF TUBOEJOH BHBJOTU UIF OPSUI XBMM PG UIF TIFMUFS BOE GPSNFE
CZ TNBMM DMVTUFST NBEF PG TUPOFT FBDI ăF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT BSF NPSF BCVOEBOU CFUXFFO UIF TUPOFT BMPOH UIF QFSJNFUFS
PG UIF TUSVDUVSF BOE PVUTJEF JU *O DPSSFTQPOEFODF XJUI UIF TUPOFT UIF QBMBFPTVSGBDF JT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ B TMJHIU CVU DMFBS SFMJFG ăF
TFDPOE TUSVDUVSF JT CZ UIF TJEF PG UIF QSFWJPVT POF BOE IBT TJNJMBS EJNFOTJPOT *UT QFSJNFUFS JT SBJTFE BOE FODMPTFT B EFQSFTTFE BSFB
XJUI GFX BOUISPQJD SFNBJOT ăF FYUFSOBM BSFB JT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ BCVOEBOU GSBHNFOUT PG MPOH CPOFT GSPN MBSHF VOHVMBUFT MJUIJD
SFNBJOT BOE TPNF TUPOFT XIJDI EP OPU BQQFBS UP CF TUSVDUVSFE ăF QSFMJNJOBSZ TUVEZ PG CPOFT NPTUMZ GSBHNFOUT PG EJBQIZTJT BOE
QPSUJPOT PG NBOEJCMFT BOE NBYJMMBSJFT IBT BMMPXFE UP EFUFSNJOF UIF QSFTFODF PG BU MFBTU POF GBMMPX EFFS BOE B NJOJNVN OVNCFS PG
JOEJWJEVBMT PG BVSPDIT PG EJĈFSFOU BHFT ăF MJUIJD JOEVTUSZ MJLF JO UIF PUIFS MFWFMT PG UIF TFRVFODF TIPXT BO FYQMPJUBUJPO PG MPDBM
SBX NBUFSJBMT KBTQFS ĔJOU BOE RVBS[BSFOJUF QFCCMFT PG EJĈFSFOU EJNFOTJPO BOE TIBQFT
GPS UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG NPTUMZ FMPOHBUFE
CMBOLT UISPVHI B VOJQPMBS -FWBMMPJT NPEBMJUZ "QQBSFOUMZ UIFSF JT OPU BOZ SFMFWBOU UFDIOJDBM JOWFTUNFOU GPS UIF USBOTGPSNBUJPO
PG UIF CMBOLT CZ NFBOT PG SFUPVDI " % NPEFMMJOH PG UIF TVSGBDF IBT CFFO NBEF XJUI B EJHJUBM QIPUPHSBNNFUSJD UFDIOJRVF QJDUVSFT IBWF CFFO UBLFO BSPVOE UIF TFMFDUFE BSFB 'SPN UIFTF B UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM NPEFM XJUI IJHI SFTPMVUJPO UFYUVSF IBT CFFO
FMBCPSBUFE ăF SFTVMUJOH EJHJUBM TVSGBDF DBO CF VTFE GPS NBOZ BOBMZTFT BNPOH XIJDI UIF BVUPNBUJD HFOFSBUJPO PG PSUIPQIPUPT
DSPTTJOH TFDUJPOT %&. BOE BSFBT DPNQVUBUJPO " HFPEBUBCBTF GPS UIF NBOBHFNFOU BOE BOBMZTJT PG TQBUJBM EBUB CPUI BU UIF NBDSP
BOE NJDSP MFWFMT
XBT BMTP DSFBUFE *O UIF DPOUFYU PG UIF NJDSPMFWFM UIF WFDUPSJBM NBQQJOH PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFNBJOT BOE PG UIF
TUSVDUVSFT UISPVHI QIPUPHSBNNFUSZ JT POHPJOH ăF HBUIFSJOH PG UIF RVBOUJUBUJWF EBUB JO SFMBUJPO UP UIF MJUIJD JOEVTUSJFT BOE UP UIF
GBVOBM SFNBJOT
BOE EBUB FMBCPSBUJPO UISPVHI UIF HFPEBUBCBTF XJMM BMMPX UP PCUBJO JNQPSUBOU JOGPSNBUJPO GPS UIF VOEFSTUBOEJOH
PG UIF XJEF CFIBWJPVSBM WBSJBCJMJUZ FYQSFTTFE CZ /FBOEFSUIBM HSPVQT JO SFMBUJPO UP UFSSJUPSZ NBOBHFNFOU UFDIOPMPHZ BOE QBSUJDV
MBSMZ UP UIF PSHBOJ[BUJPO BOE VTF PG UIF MJWJOH TQBDF ăF 46 PG 0TDVSVTDJVUP JT B IJHIMZ JOUFSFTUJOH BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF UP
HSBTQ UIF DVMUVSBM DPNQMFYJUZ PG /FBOEFSUIBMT
3FGFSFODFT<> 7JMMB 1 #PTDBUP 1 3BOBMEP ' 3PODIJUFMMJ " 4UPOF UPPMT GPS UIF IVOU QPJOUT XJUI JNQBDU TDBST GSPN B .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUF
JO TPVUIFSO *UBMZ +PVSOBM PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF <> #PTDBUP 1 (BNCBTTJOJ 1 3BOBMEP ' 3PODIJUFMMJ " .BOBHFNFOU PG
1BMFPFOWJSPONFOUBM 3FTPVSDFT BOE 3BX NBUFSJBMT &YQMPJUBUJPO BU UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD 4JUF PG 0TDVSVTDJVUP (JOPTB 4PVUIFSO *UBMZ
6OJUT BOE *O $POBSE / + 3JDIUFS + &ET
/FBOEFSUIBM -JGFXBZT 4VCTJTUFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ 0OF )VOESFE 'JĕZ :FBST PG /FBOEFSUIBM 4UVEZ 4QSJOHFS QQ
<> 3PODIJUFMMJ " 'SFHVHMJB . -POHP - .PSPOJ -BOGSFEJOJ " 3BOBMEP ' 4UVEJP UFDOPGVO[JPOBMF EFJ TVQQPSUJ B NPSGPMPHJB
USJBOHPMBSF EFMM64 EFM 3JQBSP -0TDVSVTDJVUP (JOPTB m 5BSBOUP
3JWJTUB EJ 4DJFO[F 1SFJTUPSJDIF 143
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF PDISF QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT GSPN 1PSD&QJD DBWF %JSF %BXB &UIJPQJB
%BOJFMB &VHFOJB 3PTTP1,2 "GSJDB 1JUBSDI .BSUÎ1 -BVSF %BZFU1 'SBODFTDP E&SSJDP1,3
6.3$/34 1"$&" 1SÊIJTUPJSF 1BMÊPFOWJSPOOFNFOU 1BUSJNPJOF 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF #PSEFBVY 'SBODF p 4&31
4FNJOBSJ E&TUVEJT J 3FDFSRVFT 1SFIJTUÖSJRVFT
%FQBSUBNFOU EF 1SFIJTUÖSJB )JTUÖSJB "OUJHB J "SRVFPMPHJB 6OJWFSTJUBU EF
#BSDFMPOB 4QBJO p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ )JTUPSZ $VMUVSBM 4UVEJFT BOE 3FMJHJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #FSHFO /PSXBZ
4ZTUFNBUJD FYQMPJUBUJPO PG QJHNFOU BU .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF .4"
TJUFT GSPN "GSJDB BOE .PVTUFSJBO TJUFT GSPN &VSPQF BOE UIF /FBS
&BTU IBT CFFO SFQFBUFEMZ JOUFSQSFUFE BT SFĔFDUJOH NPEFSO DVMUVSFT BOE IJHI DPHOJUJWF GVODUJPOT <> ăJT WJFX IPXFWFS JT DPO
USPWFSTJBM BOE FWJEFODF TIPXT UIBU JSPO SJDI NJOFSBMT XFSF BMTP VTFE GPS GVODUJPOBM QVSQPTFT EVSJOH UIF .4" <> ăF EFCBUF JT
IBNQFSFE CZ B MBDL PG JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF FBSMJFTU VTF PG QJHNFOU JO NBOZ SFHJPOT PG "GSJDB JODMVEJOH &BTU "GSJDB XIFSF UIF NPTU
BODJFOU SFNBJOT PG )PNP TBQJFOT XFSF SFDPWFSFE <> 8JUI UIF FYDFQUJPO PG B GFX TJUFT GSPN 4VC4BIBSBO "GSJDB JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF
XBZ QJHNFOU XBT TFMFDUFE QSPDFTTFE TUPSFE BOE VTFE JT TUJMM TDBOU XIJDI DPNQMJDBUFT UIF EFUFDUJPO PG CFIBWJPVSBM DPOTJTUFODJFT
BOE UIFJS FWBMVBUJPO JO UFSNT PG DPHOJUJPO *O PSEFS UP HBJO B CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF FNFSHFODF PG QJHNFOU SFMBUFE UFDIOPMPHZ
JO &BTU "GSJDB BOE UP FWBMVBUF UIF EFHSFF PG CFIBWJPVSBM DPNQMFYJUZ SFĔFDUFE CZ UIJT NBUFSJBM XF BOBMZTF PDISF MVNQT BOE PDISF
QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT SFDPWFSFE CZ ,FOOFUI % 8JMMJBNTPO <> JO BOE JO UIF .4" MBZFST PG 1PSD&QJD $BWF %JSF %BXB
&UIJPQJB
1PSD&QJD DBWF JT B LFZ QBMBFPMJUIJD TJUF MPDBUFE CFUXFFO UIF "GBS %FQSFTTJPO BOE UIF 4PNBMJ 1MBUFBV XJUI B TFEJNFOUBSZ
TFRVFODF JODMVEJOH -BUF .4" -BUFS 4UPOF "HF -4"
BOE /FPMJUIJD MBZFST 3FDPOEJUJPOJOH BOE MBCFMJOH PG PDISF MVNQT GSPN
8JMMJBNTPOT FYDBWBUJPOT JEFOUJđFE B IJUIFSUP WJSUVBMMZ VOLOPXO PDISF SFMBUFE BTTFNCMBHF DPNQSJTJOH MVNQT PG SFE CSPXO
BOE ZFMMPX JSPO SJDI NJOFSBMT PG XIJDI CFBS BOUISPQPHFOJD NPEJđDBUJPOT BOE PDISF QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT $POTJTUJOH PG NPSF
UIBO LH PG PDISF QJFDFT UIJT JT BU QSFTFOU UIF MBSHFTU LOPXO DPMMFDUJPO PG UIJT UZQF GPVOE BU B .4" TJUF "OBMZTJT PG UIF TQBUJBM
BOE TUSBUJHSBQIJD EJTUSJCVUJPO PG UIFTF JUFNT JEFOUJđFT DPODPNJUBOU DPODFOUSBUJPOT PG PDISF MVNQT BOE QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT BU EJĈFSFOU
EFQUI JOUFSWBMT BOE MPDBUJPOT <> ăF IJHIFTU DPODFOUSBUJPO PG PDISF MVNQT DPNQSJTJOH QJFDFT JT GPVOE JO DMPTF BTTPDJBUJPO
XJUI QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT ăJT TVHHFTUT QPTTJCMF DIBOHFT JO UIF MPDBUJPO PG UIF BSFBT EFWPUFE UP PDISF QSPDFTTJOH BOE NBLFT 1PSD
&QJD DBWF POF PG UIF SBSF TJUFT GSPN UIJT QFSJPE JO XIJDI QJHNFOU USFBUNFOU DBO CF EPDVNFOUFE JO EFUBJM 0DISF QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT
DPOTJTU PG VQQFS BOE MPXFS HSJOETUPOFT NBEF PG RVBSU[JUF DBMDJUF TBOETUPOF CBTBMU RVBSU[ BOE TIBMF *O B GFX DBTFT MBSHF PDISF
OPEVMFT XFSF VTFE BT VQQFS HSJOETUPOFT 5SBDFT PG VUJMJTBUJPO PO MPXFS HSJOETUPOFT WBSZ BDDPSEJOH UP UIF UZQF BOE IBSEOFTT PG UIF
SBX NBUFSJBM BOE JODMVEF TVCQBSBMMFM TUSJBUJPOT TNPPUIFE QSPNJOFOU BSFBT BOE QFSDVTTJPO QJUT ăFTF NBSLT BSF BTTPDJBUFE UP
SFE CSPXO BOE ZFMMPX PDISF SFTJEVFT PO POF PS CPUI TJEFT PG UIF HSJOETUPOFT PS PO UIF FOUJSF TVSGBDF PG UIFTF UPPMT 3FTJEVFT PG
PDISF QPXEFS BEIFSJOH UP UXFOUZPOF HSJOETUPOFT XFSF TBNQMFE BOE BOBMZ[FE XJUI 4&.&%9 BOE 3BNBO TQFDUSPTDPQZ 3FTVMUT
BSF DPNQBSFE UP POHPJOH 3BNBO DPMPSJNFUSJD 93' BOE 93% BOBMZTFT DPOEVDUFE PO PDISF MVNQT GPVOE JO TQBUJBM BTTPDJBUJPO
XJUI UIF QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT BOE PDISF QPXEFS QSPEVDFE CZ FYQFSJNFOUBMMZ HSJOEJOH JSPO SJDI SPDLT DPMMFDUFE DMPTF UP UIF TJUF 3FTVMUT
JOEJDBUF UIBU UIFTF UPPMT XFSF VTFE UP HSJOE B WBSJFUZ PG PDISF PG EJĈFSFOU TIBEFT NPTUMZ DPNQPTFE PG IFNBUJUF BOE HPFUIJUF FBDI
QSPWJEJOH QPXEFS PG B EJĈFSFOU TIBEF &YQFSJNFOUT BMTP TVHHFTU UIBU UIF SFTVMUJOH QPXEFST NBZ IBWF GFBUVSFE EFQFOEJOH PO UIF
HSJOETUPOFT VTFE EJĈFSFOU DPBSTFOFTT BOE JODPSQPSBUFE B WBSJBCMF BNPVOU PG RVBSU[ HSBJOT ăJT JT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI UIF IZQPUIFTJT
UIBU QJHNFOU QPXEFS PG EJĈFSFOU TIBEFT BOE UFYUVSFT XBT VTFE GPS EJĈFSFOU QVSQPTFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL +PÈP ;JMIÈP 1I% DPTVQFSWJTPS PG POF PG VT %&3
ăF "VUIPSJUZ GPS 3FTFBSDI BOE $POTFSWBUJPO
PG $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHFT "3$$)
HSBOUFE BDDFTT UP UIF PDISF GSPN 1PSD&QJD $BWF 3FTFBSDI CZ POF PG VT %&3
XBT GVOEFE CZ
UIF %PDUPSBM 3FTFBSDI TDIPMBSTIJQ QSPHSBN PG UIF .BSUJOF "VCMFU 'PVOEBUJPO BOE UIF 8FOOFS(SFO 'PVOEBUJPO ăJT SFTFBSDI
XBT DPOEVDUFE XJUI UIF đOBODJBM TVQQPSU PG UIF &VSPQFBO 3FTFBSDI $PVODJM "EWBODFE (SBOU 53"$4:.#0-4 /P BXBSEFE VOEFS UIF '1 QSPHSBN
3FGFSFODFT<> E&SSJDP ' 4USJOHFS $# &WPMVUJPO SFWPMVUJPO PS TBMUBUJPO TDFOBSJP GPS UIF FNFSHFODF PG NPEFSO DVMUVSFT 1IJM 5SBOT 3 4PD #
<> 8BEMFZ - )PEHTLJTT 5 (SBOU . *NQMJDBUJPOT GPS DPNQMFY DPHOJUJPO GSPN UIF IBĕJOH PG UPPMT XJUI DPNQPVOE BEIFTJWFT
JO UIF .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF 4PVUI "GSJDB 1SPD /BUM "DBE 4DJ <> .D%PVHBMM * #SPXO ') 'MFBHMF +( 4BQSPQFMT BOE UIF
BHF PG IPNJOJOT 0NP * BOE ** ,JCJTI &UIJPQJB +ु)VN &WPM <> %FTNPOE $MBSL + 8JMMJBNTPO ,% " .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF
PDDVQBUJPO TJUF BU 1PSD &QJD DBWF %JSF %BXB FBTUDFOUSBM &UIJPQJB
1BSU * "GS "SDIBFPM 3FW <> 3PTTP %& E&SSJDP ' ;JMIÈP + 4USBUJHSBQIJD BOE TQBUJBM EJTUSJCVUJPO PG PDISF BOE PDISF QSPDFTTJOH UPPMT BU 1PSD&QJD $BWF %JSF %BXB &UIJPQJB õVBU *OU JO QSFTT
IUUQEYEPJPSHKRVBJOU
144
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO BO VQEBUFE SFWJFX
.PSHBO 3PVTTFM1 .BSJF 4PSFTTJ1
-FJEFO 6OJWFSTJUZ ăF /FUIFSMBOET
#FDBVTF UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO JT JO B TUSBUJHSBQIJD QPTJUJPO BU UIF DSPTTSPBET PG UIF .JEEMF BOE 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD CFDBVTF JU JT PG
6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD UZQF BOE CFDBVTF POMZ /FBOEFSUIBM SFNBJOT XFSF EJTDPWFSFE BTTPDJBUFE XJUI JU UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO JT PĕFO
DBMMFE B iUSBOTJUJPOBM JOEVTUSZu &WFO JG .PVTUFSJBO iTPVWFOJSTu IBE CFFO BDUJWFMZ TFBSDIFE XJUIJO $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO JOEVTUSJFT UIFZ
BSF BMNPTU OPOFYJTUFOU *U JT JOEFFE DMFBS UIBU UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO JT OFJUIFS BO JOUFSNFEJBUF CFUXFFO UIF .JEEMF BOE UIF 6QQFS
1BMBFPMJUIJD OPS B NJY PG .JEEMF BOE 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD CFIBWJPVST 0O UIF DPOUSBSZ JU JT B VOJRVF TFU PG CFIBWJPVST XIJDI TIBSFT
DPNNPOBMJUJFT XJUI DPOUFNQPSBOFPVT UFDIOPDPNQMFYFT 8JUI UIJT UBML XF XJMM PĈFS BO VQEBUFE PWFSWJFX PG UIF $IÄUFMQFSSP
OJBO <> BOE XJMM QSPWJEF OFX JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO GSPN -FT $PUUÊT 8F XJMM DPODMVEF XJUI EJTDVTTJOH QPUFOUJBM
OFX MJOF PG FWJEFODF UP JNQSPWF PVS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF SJTF BOE GBMM PG UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO 'PS JOTUBODF UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQT PG UIF
$IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO XJUI UIF FBSMZ QIBTFT PG UIF "VSJHOBDJBO IBWF CFFO SFDFOUMZ SFWBMVBUFE <> #MBEF QSPEVDUJPO BT XFMM BT CMBEFMFU
QSPEVDUJPO BT EPDVNFOUFE BU õVJOÉBZ BOE OPX JO -FT $PUUÊT BSF GVOEBNFOUBMMZ EJĈFSFOU GSPN UIF 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO BOE &BSMZ
"VSJHOBDJBO POFT $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO CMBEFMFUT QSPEVDFE JO B $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO NBOOFS BOE SFUPVDIFE JOUP MBSHF %VGPVS MJLF CMBEFMFU
DBOOPU CF B DPJODJEFODF BOE BSF CFTU JOUFSQSFUFE BT FWJEFODF PG TVQFSđDJBM DPOUBDU CFUXFFO UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO BOE UIF 1SPUPBVSJH
OBDJBO ăJT JNQMJFT đSTU B DPOUFNQPSBOFJUZ PG UIFTF UXP HSPVQT PO B MBSHF HFPHSBQIJDBM TDBMF BOE TFDPOE UIF BEPQUJPO PG UIF JEFB
iSFUPVDIFE CMBEFMFUTu ESJWFO CZ UIF TFBSDI PG OFX TPMVUJPO GPS QSPKFDUJMF UFDIOPMPHZ *O UIF MBTU DBTF JEFB PG $IÄUFMQFSSPO QPJOUT
VTFE NBJOMZ BT QSPKFDUJMF TIPVME CF SFWBMVBUFE 5XP DBWF TJUFT XJUI B TUSBUJHSBQIZ DPNQPTFE PG TFWFSBM $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO MBZFST BU
"SDZTVS$VSF BOE õVJOÉBZ QSFTFSWF PSOBNFOUT CPOF UPPMT CMBDL BOE SFE QJHNFOUT JO BTTPDJBUJPO XJUI UIJT VOJRVF CMBEF QSPEVD
UJPO ăFTF GPSNFST CFIBWJPVST BSF GPS OPX POMZ LOPXO PO UIF OPSUIFSO MJNJUT PG UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO ăF HFPHSBQIJD QPTJUJPO m
BOE NBZCF UIF EBUJOH PG UIFTF UXP TJUFT BU UIF NBSHJOT PG UIF EJTUSJCVUJPO PG UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO NJHIU FYQMBJO UIF EFWFMPQNFOU
PG TQFDJđD CFIBWJPVST
3FGFSFODFT<> <> 4PSFTTJ . 3PVTTFM . &VSPQFBO .JEEMFUP6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD 5SBOTJUJPOBM *OEVTUSJFT $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO *O 4NJUI $M
&E
&ODZDMPQFEJB PG (MPCBM "SDIBFPMPHZ 4QSJOHFS /FX:PSL QQ <> <> 3PVTTFM . 4PSFTTJ . -F $IÄUFMQFSSPOJFO *O 0UUF
. &E
/FBOEFSUBM$SP .BHOPO -B 3FODPOUSF &SSBODF 1BSJT QQ <> <> 3PVTTFM . /PSNFT FU WBSJBUJPOT EF MB QSPEVDUJPO MJUIJRVF
EVSBOU MF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJFO MB TÊRVFODF EF MB (SBOEF3PDIFEFMB1MÊNBUSJF Æ õVJOÉBZ 7JFOOF
%PDUPSBM ăFTJT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1BSJT 0VFTU /BOUFSSF m
-B %ÊGFOTF Q <> <> 3PVTTFM . .ÊUIPEFT FU SZUINFT EV EÊCJUBHF MBNJOBJSF BV $IÄUFMQFSSPOJFO DPNQBSBJTPO BWFD MF 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJFO $
3 1BMFWPM 145
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B " MPDBM .PVTUFSJBO PSJHJO GPS UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO
,BSFO 3VFCFOT1 4IBOOPO .D1IFSSPO1 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO1
%FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ
3FDFOU EFUBJMFE BOBMZTFT PG LFZ JOEJWJEVBM $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO $1
BTTFNCMBHFT <> TUSFTT UIF EJTUJODU 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD OBUVSF
PG UIJT FOUJUZ XIJDI PDDVSSFE JO 'SBODF BOE OPSUIFSO 4QBJO CFUXFFO DB BOE LB DBM #1 " CMBEF UFDIOPMPHZ XJUI B GPDVT
PO CBDLFE FMFNFOUT BOE UIF DPPDDVSSFODF PG CPOF UPPMT QFSTPOBM PSOBNFOUT BOE QJHNFOUT DIBSBDUFSJTF UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO ăJT
GVMMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD OBUVSF NPSF UIBO FWFS SBJTFT RVFTUJPOT BCPVU UIF PSJHJOT PG UIJT JOEVTUSZ BOE JUT MJOLT XJUI UIF MPDBM .PVTUF
SJBO 4JODF UIF FBSMZ UI DFOUVSZ UIF QSFTFODF PG SFUPVDIFE CBDLFE LOJWFT JO CPUI UIF $1 BOE .PVTUFSJBO PG "DIFVMFBO 5SBEJUJPO
.5"
IBT CFFO VTFE UP BSHVF GPS BO FWPMVUJPOBSZ MJOL CFUXFFO UIFTF UXP FOUJUJFT .PSF SFDFOUMZ UIJT MJOL IBT CFFO TVQQPSUFE
GVSUIFS CZ UFDIOPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT BSHVJOH GPS B VOJRVF TIBSFE GPDVT PO FMPOHBUFE BOE CBDLFE CMBOLT <> $POWFSTFMZ PUIFS TUVE
JFT IBWF TUSFTTFE UIF SPMF PG UBQIPOPNJD EJTUVSCBODF RVFTUJPOJOH UIFTF UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM MJOLT BOE UIF .PVTUFSJBO PSJHJO PG UIF
$1 JO HFOFSBM < > )PXFWFS GVMMZ DPNQSFIFOEJOH UIF PSJHJOT PG UIF $1 SFRVJSFT B XJEFS EBUBESJWFO QFSTQFDUJWF SFBTTFTTJOH
UIF JOUFHSJUZ DISPOPTUSBUJHSBQIJD BOE UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG CPUI UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO BOE UIF WBSJPVT 'SFODI MBUF
.PVTUFSJBO BTTFNCMBHFT ăJT QSFTFOUBUJPO XJMM GPDVT EPXO PO EFUBJMJOH UIF UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG UIF $IÄUFMQFSSP
OJBO BOE JUT .PVTUFSJBO TVCTUSBUF *U đSTUMZ SFBTTFTTFT UIF DPOUFYUVBM RVBMJUZ PG UIF BTTFNCMBHFT UIBU PWFS UIF ZFBST IBWF CFFO
BTTJHOFE UP UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO *U JT DMFBS UIBU NBOZ GBDF TFWFSF JOUFSQSFUJWF MJNJUBUJPOT NBJOMZ SFMBUFE UP QPPS FYDBWBUJPO BOE
SFDPSEJOH UFDIOJRVFT OPOEJBHOPTUJD MJUIJD DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PS TNBMM BTTFNCMBHF TJ[F BOEPS UBQIPOPNJD EJTUVSCBODF 4VCTFRVFOU
GVSUIFS BOBMZTFT XJMM UIFO GPDVT PO UIF XFMMDPOUFYUVBMJTFE BTTFNCMBHFT BOE UIFJS UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM DPNQPTJUJPO 4FDPOEMZ
UIF WBSJPVT MBUF .PVTUFSJBO FOUJUJFT QSFTFOU JO 'SBODF CFUXFFO DB BOE LB DBM #1 JODMVEJOH UIF .5" UZQF " .5" UZQF #
BOE UIF EJTDPJEBMEFOUJDVMBUF .PVTUFSJBO BSF EJTDVTTFE XJUI B TQFDJđD GPDVT PO UIF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG UIF .PVTUFSJBO BTTFNCMBHFT
VOEFSMZJOH UIF $1 BOE EJĈFSFODFT JO MJUIJD EFOTJUZ BTTFNCMBHF TJ[F BOE UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM DPNQPTJUJPO 'JOBMMZ UIF FWJEFODF CPUI
JO GBWPVS BOE BHBJOTU B .PVTUFSJBO PSJHJO GPS UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO JT EFCBUFE BMPOHTJEF JUT QPUFOUJBM CFIBWJPVSBM JNQMJDBUJPOT
3FGFSFODFT<> 3PVTTFM . /PSNFT FU WBSJBUJPOT EF MB QSPEVDUJPO MJUIJRVF EVSBOU MF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJFO MB TÊRVFODF EF MB
(SBOEF3PDIFEFMB1MÊNBUSJF Æ õVJOD BZ 7JFOOF
6OQVCMJTIFE 1I% UIFTJT 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 1BSJT 0VFTU /BOUFSSF m -B %ÊGFOTF Q <> #BDIFMMFSJF
' õVFMMF VOJUÊ QPVS MF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJFO "QQPSU EF MBOBMZTF UBQIPOPNJRVF FU UFDIOPÊDPOPNJRVF EFT JOEVTUSJFT MJUIJRVFT EF USPJT HJTFNFOUT
BRVJUBJOT EF QMFJO BJS MF #BTUÊ #JEBSU 1ZSÊOÊFT"UMBOUJRVFT
FU $BOBVMF ** %PSEPHOF
6OQVCMJTIFE 1I% UIFTJT 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF #PSEFBVY * Q <>
1FMFHSJO + 4PSFTTJ . -F $IÄUFMQFSSPOJFO FU TFT SBQQPSUT BWFD MF .PVTUÊSJFO *O 7BOEFSNFFSTDI # .BVSFJMMF # &ET
-FT /ÊBOEFSUBMJFOT
#JPMPHJF FU DVMUVSFT $5)4 1BSJT QQ m <> 3JHBVE +1I -BUF /FBOEFSUIBMT JO 4PVUI 8FTU 'SBODF BOE UIF FNFSHFODF PG UIF 6QQFS
1BMBFPMJUIJD *O 4USJOHFS $ #BSUPO 3/& BOE 'JOMBZTPO +$ &ET
/FBOEFSUIBMT PO UIF &EHF 0YCPX #PPLT <> #PSEFT +( BOE 5FZTTBOEJFS
/ ăF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD OBUVSF PG UIF $IÄUFMQFSSPOJBO JO 4PVUI8FTUFSO 'SBODF "SDIFPTUSBUJHSBQIJD BOE MJUIJD FWJEFODF õVBU *OU 146
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S #SFBLBHF QBUUFSOT PG IPNJOJO MPOH CPOFT GSPN 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT "UBQVFSDB 4QBJO
/PIFNJ 4BMB1 +VBO -VJT "STVBHB1,2 *HOBDJP .BSUÎOF[3 "OB (SBDJB5ÊMMF[3
$FOUSP .JYUP 6$.*4$*** EF &WPMVDJÓO Z $PNQPSUBNJFOUP )VNBOPT .BESJE 4QBJO p %FQBSUBNFOUP EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB
6OJWFSTJEBE $PNQMVUFOTF EF .BESJE 4QBJO p ¦SFB EF 1BMFPOUPMPHÎB %FQBSUBNFOUP EF (FPMPHÎB (FPHSBGÎB Z .FEJP
"NCJFOUF 6OJWFSTJEBE EF "MDBMÃ .BESJE 4QBJO
)PNJOJO TLFMFUBM SFNBJOT VTVBMMZ BSF GPVOE CSPLFO JO UIF 1MFJTUPDFOF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM TJUFT )PX BOE XIFO UIF CPOFT XFSF CSPLFO
JT POF PG UIF NBJO UBQIPOPNJDBM RVFTUJPOT UIBU SFRVJSF BO BOTXFS ăF CPOF GSBDUVSBUJPO QBUUFSO JO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPOUFYUT EJĈFST
EFQFOEJOH PO UIF PSJHJO PG UIF BDDVNVMBUJPO ăF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT 4)
TJUF "UBQVFSDB #VSHPT 4QBJO
JT UIF MBSHFTU BDDVNV
MBUJPO PG IVNBO SFNBJOT PG UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF FWFS LOPXO "MUIPVHI UIFSF BSF EJĈFSFOU TDFOBSJPT UP EBUF UIF GPSNBUJPO PG
UIF IPNJOJO BDDVNVMBUJPO JT TUJMM VOTPMWFE 0OF PG UIF LFZT UP NBLF JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT BCPVU UIF PSJHJO PG BO BDDVNVMBUJPO PG TLFMFUBM
SFNBJOT BOE UBQIPOPNJD IJTUPSZ JT UP SFDPHOJ[F UIF GSBDUVSJOH PSJHJO 4UVEJFT JO UIF MBTU UXP EFDBEFT IBWF QSPQPTFE EJĈFSFOU IZ
QPUIFTFT UP FYQMBJO UIF GSBDUVSBUJPO DBVTFT JO IVNBO CPOFT PG 4) ăJT OFX TUVEZ PO UIF UBQIPOPNZ PG 4) TBNQMF USJFT UP QSPWJEF
OFX EBUB JO PSEFS UP DPOUSBTU UIF EJĈFSFOU JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PO UIJT NBUUFS ăF PCKFDUJWF PG UIF QSFTFOU XPSL JT UP EFTDSJCF BOE UP
RVBOUJGZ UIF GSBDUVSBUJPO QBUUFSOT PCTFSWFE JO UIF 4) TBNQMF JO PSEFS UP BQQSPBDI UP UIF PSJHJO PG UIF IVNBOT BDDVNVMBUJPO ăF
GSBDUVSFT PO UIF IPNJOJO MPOH CPOFT XFSF BOBMZTFE BOE DMBTTJđFE BDDPSEJOH UP 7JMMB BOE .BIJFV 7JMMB BOE .BIJFV FTUBCMJTI B DPNQMFUF NFUIPEPMPHJDBM GSBNFXPSL GPS UIF TUVEZ PG GSBDUVSFT JO IPNJOJO TBNQMFT BOE UIFZ DPNQBSF UIF GSFRVFODZ
PG UIF BUUSJCVUFT JO UISFF QSFIJTUPSJD BTTFNCMBHFT PG LOPXO BDDVNVMBUJPO PSJHJO DPMMFDUJWF CVSJBM BODJFOU BOUISPQJD GSBDUVSBUJPO
DBOOJCBMJTN
BOE FYDBWBUJPO GSBDUVSFT TBNQMF ăF SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU UIF 4) IPNJOJOT MPOH CPOFT TIPX B GSBDUVSF QBUUFSO DIBSBD
UFSJ[FE CZ GBS GPS UIF EPNJOBODF PG USBOTWFSTF GSBDUVSFT UP UIF MPOH BYJT DPNQMFUF DJSDVNGFSFODFT BOE GSBDUVSF FEHFT XJUI SJHIU BOHMFT
BOE KBHHFE TVSGBDFT ăFTF QSPQFSUJFT BSF UIF FYQFDUFE GPS UIF QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM GSBDUVSFT BOE BSF DPNQBUJCMF XJUI DPMMFDUJWF CVSJBM
BTTFNCMBHFT 7JMMB BOE .BIJFV ăF 4) MPOH CPOFT TBNQMF EP OPU IBWF BOUFNPSUFN GSBDUVSFT JF XJUI FWJEFODF PG CPOF
SFNPEFMMJOH ăF POMZ FYDFQUJPO JT UIF NFUBUBSTBM "5 XIJDI TIPXT B TUSFTT GSBDUVSF JO UIF EJBQIZTJT (SBDJB5ÊMMF[ FU BM "MUIPVHI UIF NBKPSJUZ PG UIF BOBMZTFE GSBDUVSFT TIPX QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT B TNBMM QPSUJPO BSPVOE PG BOBMZTFE
MPOH CPOFT EJTQMBZ PCMJRVF GSBDUVSFT XJUI CFWFMMFE BOHMFT BOE TNPPUI TVSGBDFT UZQJDBM PG CJPTUSBUJOPNJD GSBDUVSFT QFSJNPSUFN
4PNF BHFOUT DBO QSPEVDF UIJT LJOE PG CPOF CSFBLBHF J
IPNJOJO CSFBLBHF JJ
DBSOJWPSF GFFEJOH PS JJJ
USBVNB QSPDFTT /P UPPM
DVUNBSLT QFFMJOH QFSDVTTJPO NBSLT PS BOZ PUIFS BOUISPQJD NPEJđDBUJPO IBT CFFO GPVOE JO UIF IPNJOJO TBNQMF BOE TP JU JT WFSZ
JNQSPCBCMF UIBU IPNJOJOT DPVME CF UIF SFTQPOTJCMF PG UIBU LJOE PG GSBDUVSJOH ăF QSFTFODF PG UPPUI NBSLT JT OPU BTTPDJBUFE XJUI
GSBDUVSF FEHFT BOE UIF MPOH CPOF FOET BSF VTVBMMZ XFMM QSFTFSWFE ăFTF SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU DBSOJWPSFT BSF OPU UIF NBJO SFTQPOTJ
CMF PG CPOF GSBDUVSJOH GPS UIF 4) TBNQMF ăF UIJSE QPTTJCJMJUZ UP FYQMBJO UIF QFSJNPSUFN GSBDUVSBUJPO JT UIF USBVNBUJTN QSPDFTTFT
DPNQBUJCMF XJUI B CMVOU GPSDF USBVNB QSPEVDFE CZ B GSFFGBMM EPXO UIF WFSUJDBM TIBĕ UIBU DPOGPSN UIF BDDFTT UP 4) DIBNCFS
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT TUVEZ XBT QPTTJCMF UIBOLT UP UIF "UBQVFSDB FYDBWBUJPO UFBN FTQFDJBMMZ UIPTF JOWPMWFE JO UIF FYDBWBUJPOT
BU UIF 4JNB EF MPT )VFTPT TJUF ăF SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF .*/&$0 QSPKFDU $(-$
'VOEBDJÓO "UB
QVFSDB 1PTUEPDUPSBM HSBOU UP / 4BMB
BOE 3BNÓO Z $BKBM 1SPHSBN 3:$ $POUSBDU(SBOU UP " (SBDJB5ÊMMF[
3FGFSFODFT<> 7JMMB 1 .BIJFV & #SFBLBHF QBUUFSOT PG IVNBO MPOH CPOFT +PVSOBM PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO <> (SBDJB5ÊMMF[ " 1BCMPT
" .BSUÎOF[ * -PSFO[P $ $BSSFUFSP +. "STVBHB +- 4USFTT JO B .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJE "UBQVFSDB 4QBJO
QFSJPTUFBM SFBDUJPO
DPNQBUJCMF XJUI GBUJHVF GSBDUVSF JO B NFUBUBSTBM CPOF UI "OOVBM .FFUJOH PG UIF 1BMFPQBUIPMPHZ "TTPDJBUJPO 1PSUMBOE 0SFHPO 64"
Q 147
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 4JCFSJBO [PPNPSQIT " TFBSDI GPS NFBOJOH BOE JNQMJDBUJPOT GPS UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD FWJEFODF
4BOESB 4Ã[FMPWÃ1
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BU 'BDVMUZ PG 4DJFODF .BTBSZL 6OJWFSTJUZ
"QQSPBDI &UIOPMPHJDBM BOBMPHJFT EFSJWFE GSPN TUVEJFT PG SFDFOU FOWJSPONFOUT BOE TPDJFUJFT JO "SDUJD 4JCFSJB BSF CFJOH HFOFSBMMZ
BQQMJFE JO BSDIBFPMPHJDBM JOUFSQSFUBUJWF NPEFMT ăF BOBMPHJFT QSPWF UP CF JOTQJSBUJPOBM CFDBVTF FBDI PG UIFN IBWF UIF QPUFOUJBM
UP FOMBSHF UIF TDPQF PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF CZ JODMVEJOH BTQFDUT PG TPDJBM BOE TZNCPMJD TZTUFNT XJUIJO SFDFOU TPDJFUJFT ăF
TFBSDI GPS FUIOPMPHJDBM BOBMPHJFT JT VTVBMMZ DPOOFDUFE XJUI FWFSZEBZ MJGF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO BOE JT VTFE GPS JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PG 6QQFS
1BMFPMJUIJD UIJOLJOH BOE TZNCPMJTN " EJTDVTTJPO BCPVU UIFJS QPUFOUJBMT JO 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD NPCJMF BSU JT TVQQPSUFE CZ B SFMBUJWFMZ
CSPBE TQFDUSVN PG SFQSFTFOUFE BOJNBMT BOE CZ EJĈFSFOU NBUFSJBMT VTFE JO UIF QSPEVDUJPO " SFMBUJPO PS EJTQSPQPSUJPO PG UIFTF
iOBUVSBM TZNCPMTu NJHIU CF FTUJNBUFE BOE FBDI [PPNPSQIJD UIFNF JT QSPQPTFE UP JUT QSPCBCMF TPDJBM GVODUJPO OBNFMZ UP TPMWF
IVOUJOH QSPCMFNT UP PCUBJOEFCJMJUBUF BOJNBM QPXFS UP SFQSFTFOU BMMFHPSJD NFBOJOH BOE UP BTDSJCF NZUIPMPHJDBM JNQPS
UBODF )PXFWFS XF EP OPU FYQFDU BDDVSBUF JEFOUJđDBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF QFSDFQUJPO PG BOJNBMT BNPOH 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD IVNBOT BOE
SFDFOU 4JCFSJBO TPDJFUJFT ăVT XF DPODFOUSBUF PO PWFSDPNJOH PVS 8FTUFSO DVMUVSBM BUUJUVEF UP UIF IVNBOBOJNBM SFMBUJPOTIJQT PG
XIJDI 4JCFSJBO TPDJFUJFT DFSUBJOMZ IBE B EJĈFSFOU DPODFQUJPO *O PVS USBEJUJPO BOJNBMT BSF TFFO BT B QBSU PG OBUVSF BOE UIVT UIF
QBSUJDVMBS EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO BOJNBM TQFDJFT SFĔFDU đOF OBUVSBM BTQFDUT )VNBOT XJUI UIFJS CJPMPHJDBM CPEZ BOE DVMUVSBM NJOE BSF
QFSDFJWFE BT TPNFUIJOH FYUSBPSEJOBSZ BOE TVCTFRVFOUMZ PWFSDPNJOH BOZ PUIFS CFJOH JO OBUVSF /FWFSUIFMFTT TVDI SFMBUJPOTIJQ JT OPU
SFĔFDUFE CZ 4JCFSJBO TPDJFUJFT XIFSF IVNBOBOJNBM SFMBUJPOTIJQT BSF OPU EFDMBSFE PO UIF CBTJT PG DPJODJEFODF ăFTF BSF UIF SFTVMU
PG B MBSHF OVNCFS PG DPNQMFY SJUVBM BDUJWJUJFT BOE TZNCPMJD BQQSPBDIFT JOUP UIF XPSME XIFSF "OJNBM1FPQMF BSF SFTQFDUFE MJLF PUIFS
IVNBO OBUJPOT "OBMZTJT 8F BOBMZ[F FMFDUSPOJD EBUBCBTFT BOE MJUFSBUVSF PO [PPNPSQIJD BOE UIFSJBOUSPQJD đHVSJOFT DPMMFDUFE
EVSJOH UIF +FTVQ /PSUI 1BDJđD FYQFEJUJPO <> 4VCTFRVFOUMZ UIF TPDJBM WBMVF BOE NZUIPMPHJDBM DPOUFYU UIBU BDDPN
QBOZ FBDI [PPNPSQIJD UIFNF XFSF EPDVNFOUFE ăF DBVTBMJUZ CFUXFFO SBX NBUFSJBMT BSUJTUJD TUZMF đOBM QPMJTIJOH BOE VUJMJ[BUJPO
PG UIF PCKFDUT XBT SFDPSEFE XJUIJO UIJT DPMMFDUJPO #VU TFWFSBM RVFTUJPOT SFNBJOFE TUJMM VOSFTPMWFE CFDBVTF PG MJNJUBUJPOT HJWFO CZ
UIF OBUVSF PG FUIOPMPHJDBM DPMMFDUJPO BOE BWBJMBCMF EFTDSJQUJPOT 0VS LOPXMFEHF JT UIVT CPSEFSFE FJUIFS CZ BO BCTFODF PG TQFDJđD
BSDIFPMPHJDBM FMFNFOU XJUIJO SFDFOU DVMUVSFT PS CZ JUT JOTVċDJFOU FYQMBOBUJPO DBVTFE CZ TDJFOUJđD JOUFSFTUT PG FUIOPMPHJTUT PS CZ
UIF GBDU UIBU UIF SFTFBSDIFS IBT CFFO FYDMVEFE GSPN TVDI TPDJBM BDUJWJUJFT XIJDI NJHIU CF EJTSVQUFE CZ VOGBNJMJBS QSFTFODF 3FTVMUT
%FTQJUF UIF QSPCMFNT XJUI DPNQBSJOH BOE JEFOUJGZJOH FUIOPMPHJDBM BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFDPSET UIF QBMFPFUIOPMPHJDBM GSBNFXPSL
IFMQT VT UP SFBMJ[F IPX EZOBNJD BOE DPNQMFY UIF DVMUVSBM CBDLHSPVOE JT BDDPNQBOZJOH FBDI [PPNPSQIJD UIFNF BOE UIBU BO BTTFTT
NFOU PG UIF TPDJBM WBMVF PG FBDI [PPNPSQIJD UIFNF JT BMNPTU VOQSFEJDUBCMF QSPDFTT .PSFPWFS UIFTF TUBUFT EP OPU SFĔFDU KVTU UIF
BDUVBM TJUVBUJPO CVU UIFZ BSF FTTFOUJBM BOE TPNFUJNFT JOTFQBSBCMF DPNQPOFOUT PG B DVMUVSBM NFNPSZ XJUI B UFOEFODZ UP NFNPSJ[F
[PPNPSQIJD UIFNFT HSBEVBMMZ EJTBQQFBSJOH GSPN BDUVBM FOWJSPONFOU PG TPDJFUJFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * XPVME MJLF UP FYQSFTT NZ BQQSFDJBUJPO UP - ,FOEBMM / " (SFHPSFW BOE # -BOEVB GSPN "NFSJDBO .V
TFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ JO /FX :PSL GPS UIF BDDFTT UP +FTVQ /PSUI 1BDJđD EBUBCBTFT BOE GPS QFSNJTTJPO UP SFQSPEVDF JNBHFT GSPN
UIF DPMMFDUJPO UP + .MÎLPWTLÝ GSPN /BUJPOBM .VTFVN JO 1SBHVF GPS DPOTVMUBUJPO PG BWJBO đHVSJOFT UP + 4WPCPEB GSPN 'BDVMUZ PG
4DJFODF BU .BTBSZL 6OJWFSTJUZ BOE *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ $"4 JO #SOP GPS IJT DPNNFOUT
3FGFSFODFT<> #PBT ' +FTVQ /PSUI 1BDJđD &YQFEJUJPO ăF "NFSJDBO .VTFVN +PVSOBM 148
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B *OWFTUJHBUJOH UIF MJOL CFUXFFO QBTU BEBQUBUJPOT BOE NPEFSO EJTFBTFT B OVUSJUJPOSFMBUFE QFSTQFDUJWF
.BSDP 4B[[JOJ1 "OESFB õVBHMJBSJFMMP1 "OOB $IFSVCJOJ1 4BSB %F 'BOUJ1 &O[P 4QJTOJ2 %POBUB -VJTFMMJ 1
-BCPSBUPSZ PG .PMFDVMBS "OUISPQPMPHZ BOE $FOUSF GPS (FOPNF #JPMPHZ %FQBSUNFOU PG #JPMPHJDBM (FPMPHJDBM &OWJSPONFOUBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB p -BCPSBUPSZ PG 1SPUFPNJDT %FQBSUNFOU PG #JPMPHJDBM (FPMPHJDBM &OWJSPONFOUBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PMPHOB
" TUSJOH PG CJPMPHJDBM BOE DVMUVSBM DIBOHFT TUSPOHMZ SFMBUFE UP UIF PDDVQBUJPO PG OFX FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYUT IBT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE UIF
FWPMVUJPO PG UIF IVNBO MJOFBHF FTQFDJBMMZ EVSJOH UIF XJEFTQSFBE DPMPOJ[BUJPO PG OPO"GSJDBO DPOUJOFOUT CZ BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPEFSO
IVNBOT ăFSFGPSF HFPHSBQIJDBMMZ BOE UFNQPSBMMZ EFđOFE WBSJBUJPO PG TFMFDUJWF QSFTTVSFT BDUJOH PO UIF HFOPNFT PG CPUI ) TBQJFOT
BODFTUPST BOE NPEFSO QPQVMBUJPOT USJHHFSFE HFOFUJD BEBQUBUJPOT JO SFTQPOTF UP MPDBM FOWJSPONFOUT *O QBSUJDVMBS OFDFTTJUZ UP DPQF
XJUI VOQSFDFEFOUFE OVUSJUJPOBM MBOETDBQFT QSPNQUFE B OVNCFS PG CJPMPHJDBM TIJĕT JO NBOZ IVNBO HSPVQT NBJOMZ SFMBUFE UP UIF
JOUSPEVDUJPO PG DPOTJEFSBCMF NPEJđDBUJPOT PG UIFJS EJFUT BOE PG OFX DIBMMFOHFT UP UIFJS NFUBCPMJTN <> DPOUSJCVUJOH UP JOĔVFODF
B WBSJFUZ PG USBJUT BNPOH XIJDI EJĈFSFOUJBM EJTFBTF TVTDFQUJCJMJUZ PG IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT EVF UP QPTTJCMF NBMBEBQUJWF QSPDFTTFT <>
*O GBDU UIF SBUF PG EJFUBSZ DIBOHFT ESBNBUJDBMMZ JODSFBTFE JO UIF WFSZ SFDFOU FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ PG PVS TQFDJFT BT B DPOTFRVFODF PG
JOUSPEVDUJPO PG BHSJDVMUVSBM BOE QBTUPSBMJTU QSBDUJDFT PG DPOTVNQUJPO PG JOEVTUSJBM SFđOFE GPPET BOE PG FWFSJODSFBTJOH HMPCBMJ[B
UJPO <> UIVT QPUFOUJBMMZ DPOWFSUJOH TPNF BEBQUJWF USBJUT JOUP NBMBEBQUJWF POFT *O BDDPSEBODF UP UIJT WJFX JODSFBTJOH EJTDPSEBODF
CFUXFFO PVS BODJFOUMZ EFUFSNJOFE CJPMPHZ BOE DPOUFNQPSBSZ OVUSJUJPOBM PS DVMUVSBM QBUUFSOT JT TVQQPTFE UP IBWF DPOUSJCVUFE UP
UIF TQSFBE PG TFWFSBM DPNQMFY EJTFBTFT XIJDI NBZ SFQSFTFOU CZQSPEVDUT PG QBTU BEBQUJWF FWFOUT EVF UP MPDJ UIBU IBWF CFDPNF EFUSJ
NFOUBM JO NPEFSO TPDJFUJFT <> 5P UFTU UIJT IZQPUIFTJT XF IBWF JOWFTUJHBUFE UIF HFOFUJD MFHBDZ PG OBUVSBM TFMFDUJPO PO B QBOFM PG
BCPVU POF IVOESFE HFOFT SFQSFTFOUBUJWF PG UIF NBJO QMBZFST ESJWJOH GVODUJPOBM QBUIXBZT BTTPDJBUFE UP GPPE EJHFTUJPO BOE FOFSHZ
CBMBODF PS XIJDI UVSOFE PVU UP CF BMUFSFE JO NFUBCPMJD BOE OVUSJUJPOSFMBUFE EJTFBTFT 4FRVFODF EBUB GPS IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT MJWJOH
JO EJĈFSFOU CJPNFT XFSF DPMMFDUFE GSPN QVCMJD EBUBCBTFT BOE VTFE JO DPNCJOBUJPO XJUI VOQVCMJTIFE EBUB PO JOEJWJEVBMT BĈFDUFE
CZ DFSUBJO OVUSJUJPOSFMBUFE EJTFBTFT UP FYQMPSF QBUUFSOT PG WBSJBUJPO BU NPSF UIBO TJOHMF OVDMFPUJEF WBSJBOUT BOEPS JOEFMT
1PQVMBUJPO EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO BOBMZTFT CBTFE PO UIF DBMDVMBUJPO PG QBJSXJTF 'TU JOEJDFT BNPOH HFOFUJDBMMZ IPNPHFOFPVT DMVTUFST PG
QPQVMBUJPOT BOE PO UIFJS DPNQBSJTPO XJUI HFOPNFXJEF 'TU EJTUSJCVUJPOT QPJOUFE PVU B GFX HFOFT VOVTVBMMZ EJĈFSFOUJBUFE XJUI
SFTQFDU UP BWFSBHF HFOPNJD QBUUFSOT )BQMPUZQF TUSVDUVSF BOE QPUFOUJBM EFWJBUJPOT GSPN B OFVUSBM NPEFM PG FWPMVUJPO XFSF UIFO
JOWFTUJHBUFE BU UIFTF DBOEJEBUF SFHJPOT CZ BQQMZJOH TFWFSBM OFVUSBMJUZ UFTUT BOE CZ QFSGPSNJOH DBMJCSBUFE DPBMFTDFOU TJNVMBUJPOT UP
EJTFOUBOHMF UIF JOUFSQMBZ CFUXFFO OBUVSBM TFMFDUJPO EFNPHSBQIJD FWFOUT BOE MPDBM NVUBUJPOSFDPNCJOBUJPO SBUFT JO TIBQJOH UIF
PCTFSWFE QBUUFSOT PG WBSJBUJPO ăJT FOBCMFE UP FMVDJEBUF JNQMJDBUJPOT PG MPDJ SFTQPOTJCMF GPS QBTU BEBQUJWF FWFOUT JO UIF FYBNJOFE
EJTFBTFT DPOUSJCVUJOH UP FYQMBJO UIFJS VOEFSMZJOH NFDIBOJTNT BOE QSFTFOUEBZ FQJEFNJPMPHJDBM QBUUFSOT BT XFMM BT TPNF PG UIF FWP
MVUJPOBSZ QSPDFTTFT UIBU NBEF PVS HFOPNF QSPOF UP UIF TJEF FĈFDUT PG NPEFSO FOWJSPONFOUBM TUJNVMJ
3FGFSFODFT<> -VDPDL .% .PMFDVMBS /VUSJUJPO BOE (FOPNJDT /VUSJUJPO BOE UIF "TDFOU PG .BOLJOE +PIO 8JMFZ 4POT )PCPLFO QQ
<> #SPXO &" (FOFUJD FYQMPSBUJPOT PG SFDFOU IVNBO NFUBCPMJD BEBQUBUJPOT IZQPUIFTFT BOE FWJEFODF #JPM 3FW $BNC 1IJMPT 4PD <> /FTTF 3. .BMBEBQUBUJPO BOE OBUVSBM TFMFDUJPO 2 3FW #JPM m <> -VDB ' 1FSSZ () %J 3JFO[P " &WPMVUJPOBSZ BEBQUBUJPOT UP
EJFUBSZ DIBOHFT "OOV 3FW /VUS <> #MFLINBO 3 .BO 0 )FSSNBOO - #PZLP "3 *OEBQ " ,PTJPM $ #VTUBNBOUF $% 5FTIJNB ,.
1S[FXPSTLJ . /BUVSBM TFMFDUJPO PO HFOFT UIBU VOEFSMJF IVNBO EJTFBTF TVTDFQUJCJMJUZ $VSSFOU #JPMPHZ 149
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 3FWJTJUJOH UIF IPNJOPJE IVNFSVT m " % (.. BTTFTTNFOU PG MPDPNPUPS BOE TIBQF DPSSFMBUFT
.BSHIFSJUB 4CBODIJ1 .BSUJO 'SJFTT1
.VTÊVN OBUJPOBM EuIJTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF 1BSJT
ăF IVNFSVT JO BOUISPQPJE QSJNBUFT FYIJCJUT B OVNCFS PG GFBUVSFT UIBU DPSSFMBUF XJUI MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS BU MFBTU BMPOH CSPBE
DBUFHPSJFT 'PS FYBNQMF EJĈFSFODFT JO IVNFSBM UPSTJPO BOE DVSWBUVSF EFQUI BOE TIBQF PG UIF PMFDSBOPO GPTTB FYUFOTJPO PG UIF DB
QJUVMVN JO JOGFSJPS WJFX EFWFMPQNFOU PG UIF NFEJBM BOE MBUFSBM USPDIMFBS SJEHF IBWF CFFO XFMM EPDVNFOUFE BNPOH IPNJOPJET BOE
UIFZ IBWF CFFO VTFE UP JOGFS MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS GSPN WBSJPVT GPTTJM IPNJOJOT ăF .JMMJPO ZFBS PME SFNBJOT GSPN .BMBQB "V
TFEJCB
IBWF ZJFMEFE JOUSJHVJOH SFTVMUT JO UIBU UIFZ FYIJCJU GPSFBSN GFBUVSFT UIBU TVHHFTU MBUF SFUFOUJPO PG DMJNCJOH BOE TVTQFOTPSZ
BCJMJUJFT BT FYQSFTTFE JO UIF NPEFSBUF VMOBS USPDIMFBS LFFMJOH BOE UIF DVSWFE QIBMBOHFT ăF QVSQPTF PG UIJT TUVEZ XBT UP GVSUIFS
RVBOUJGZ IVNFSBM TIBQF JO IPNJOPJET VTJOH % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT BOE UP UFTU UP XIJDI FYUFOU JU DBO CF MJOLFE XJUI MPDP
NPUPS CFIBWJPS " TFDPOE HPBM XBT UP BTTFTT TIBQF WBSJBUJPO TFFO JO GPTTJM IPNJOJOT TVDI BT "V TFEJCB BHBJOTU UIBU TFFO JO FYUBOU
BQFT *O QBSUJDVMBS XF TPVHIU UP RVBOUJGZ TIBQF WBSJBUJPO PG UIF EJTUBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF WJB UIF VTF PG TFNJMBOENBSLT ăF EJTUBM KPJOU
JT UIPVHIU UP SFĔFDU EJĈFSFODFT JO NFDIBOJDBM TUSFTTFT SFTVMUJOH GSPN GVODUJPOBM SFRVJSFNFOUT PG BSCPSFBMUFSSFTUSJBM MPDPNPUJPO
&YUBOU IPNJOPJET FYIJCJU EJĈFSFODFT JO MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS SBOHJOH GSPN MBSHFMZ UFSSFTUSJBM RVBESVQFEBMJTN JO (PSJMMB UP QSFEPN
JOBOUMZ BSCPSFBM RVBESVQFEBMJTN JO 1POHP BOE UIF IJHIMZ TQFDJBMJ[FE CSBDIJBUPST )ZMPCBUJEBF
BOE XF IZQPUIFTJ[FE UIBU PWFSBMM
BOE EJTUBM IVNFSBM TIBQF WBSJFT BDDPSEJOHMZ UIFSFGPSF QSPWJEJOH UIF NFBOT UP BTTFTT MPDPNPUJPO JO FYUJODU TQFDJFT 8F DPMMFDUFE
% MBOENBSLT BOE TFNJMBOENBSLT PO FYUBOU IPNJOPJET JODMVEJOH NPEFSO IVNBOT
BOE GPTTJM IPNJOJOT -BOENBSLT
XFSF FYUSBDUFE CZ B TJOHMF PCTFSWFS .4
GSPN TVSGBDF TDBOT XJUI B SFTPMVUJPO PG NN "ĕFS BMMPXJOH TFNJMBOENBSLT UP TMJEF
BMM MBOENBSLT XFSF TVCKFDUFE UP 1SPDSVTUFT TVQFSJNQPTJUJPO BOE UIF SFTJEVBMT XFSF VTFE GPS BMM TVCTFRVFOU NVMUJWBSJBUF TUBUJTUJDBM
BOBMZTFT ăF SFTVMUT DPOđSN UIBU FYUBOU BQF IVNFSJ DBO CF EJTUJOHVJTIFE PO UIF CBTJT PG UIF EFHSFF PG BSCPSFBMJUZ )ZMPCBUJET IBE
UIF NPTU EJTUJODU TIBQF FTQFDJBMMZ XJUI SFTQFDU UP UIF NPTU UFSSFTUSJBM IPNJOPJE (PSJMMB 1POHP CPSF NPSF BċOJUJFT XJUI )VNBOT
JO JUT EJTUBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF XIJDI NBZ SFĔFDU JO UIF MBUUFS B MPTT PG GFBUVSFT SFMBUFE UP UFSSFTUSJBM BEBQUBUJPO 8IFO UIF DPOTJEFSBCMF
TJ[F WBSJBUJPO XBT UBLFO JOUP BDDPVOU (PSJMMB BOE 1BO XFSF SFMBUJWFMZ TJNJMBS UP FBDI PUIFS XIJMF TIPXJOH UIFJS HSFBUFTU EJĈFSFODFT
XJUI SFTQFDU UP 1POHP BOE )VNBOT 3FHBSEJOH JUT IVNFSBM TIBQF "V 4FEJCB FYIJCJUFE BċOJUJFT XJUI NPSF BSCPSFBM TQFDJFT TVDI
BT 1POHP BOE 1BO BOE XBT PVUTJEF UIF SBOHF PG NPEFSO IVNBOT UIVT DPOđSNJOH UIBU UIJT IPNJOJO TQFDJFT SFUBJOFE B TJHOJđDBOUMZ
NPSF BSCPSFBM MPDPNPUPS CFIBWJPS
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT - #FSHFS GPS HSBDJPVTMZ IBWJOH NBEF BWBJMBCMF DBTUT PG "V TFEJCB
150
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B &YQMPSJOH 1BMBFPMJUIJD XFBQPO EFMJWFSZ TZTUFNT VTJOH B DPOUSPMMFE BOE SFBMJTUJD FYQFSJNFOUBM TFUVQ
QSFMJNJOBSZ SFTVMUT
/JOB 4DIMPFTTFS1,2 3BEV *PWJUB1
.0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTFVN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO 3(;. /FVXJFE (FSNBOZ p
%FQBSUNFOU PG 1SF BOE 1SPUPIJTUPSZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG .BJO[ (FSNBOZ
*O UIF MBTU EFDBEFT NBOZ SFTFBSDIFST JO UIF đFME PG VTF XFBS TUVEJFT NBEF BO FĈPSU JO EFWFMPQJOH TPMJE NFUIPET UP JEFOUJGZ TUPOF
BSUFGBDUT XIJDI XFSF VTFE BT UJQT PG QFOFUSBUJWF IVOUJOH XFBQPOT MBODFT KBWFMJOT EBSUT BOE BSSPXT
ăJT TUVEZ GPDVTFT PO UIF
BQQSPBDI QSPQPTFE CZ ,BSM )VUDIJOHT <> XIJDI SFMJFT PO TFDPOEBSZ GSBDUVSF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT OBNFMZ 8BMMOFS MJOFT BOE GSBDUVSF
XJOHT
UP JOGFS UIF QSFDVSTPSZ MPBEJOH SBUF PG UIF JNQBDU UIBU DBVTFE UIF GSBDUVSF BOE DPOTFRVFOUMZ UIF UZQF PG MBVODIJOH NFDIB
OJTN VTFE JO UIF EFMJWFSZ PG UIF XFBQPO ăFTF GSBDUVSF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT BOE UIFJS QSPQFSUJFT XFSF BMSFBEZ EJTDPWFSFE JO UIF T CZ
)FMNVU 8BMMOFS BOE LOPXO GPS B MPOH UJNF JO UIF đFME PG CSJUUMF GSBDUVSF NFDIBOJDT <> ăFJS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM BQQMJDBUJPO XBT FY
UFOTJWFMZ EJTDVTTFE CZ +PIO 5PNFODIVL JO IJT EJTTFSUBUJPO <> 8BMMOFS -JOFT 8-
BOE GSBDUVSF XJOHT '8
PDDVS PO DSBDL GSPOUT
PG CSJUUMF TPMJET MJLF HMBTT PCTJEJBO BOE BMTP đOFHSBJOFE DIFSU ăFJS DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT BMMPX GPS UIF DBMDVMBUJPO PG UIF JOTUBOUBOFPVT
DSBDL TQFFE BU B QBSUJDVMBS QPJOU PO UIF DSBDL GSPOU ăJT WFMPDJUZ JT EFQFOEFOU PO TFWFSBM GBDUPST UIF NPTU JNQPSUBOU PG XIJDI JT UIF
QSFDVSTPSZ MPBEJOH SBUF JF UIF SBUF BU XIJDI GPSDF JT BQQMJFE TVDI UIBU GBTUFS JNQBDUT SFTVMU JO GBTUFS DSBDL TQFFET
1SFWJPVT TUVEJFT
IBWF IZQPUIFTJ[FE UIBU JU JT QPTTJCMF UP EJTUJOHVJTI CFUXFFO EJĈFSFOU MBVODIJOH NFDIBOJTNT CBTFE PO B TVċDJFOUMZ MBSHF TBNQMF PG
GSBDUVSFT CFDBVTF GSBDUVSFT SFTVMUJOH GSPN EJĈFSFOU JNQBDU TQFFET DBO UIFNTFMWFT CF DMBTTJđFE JOUP UISFF TUBHFT RVBTJTUBUJD SBQJE
BOE EZOBNJD
XIJDI JO UVSO DPSSFTQPOE UP EJĈFSFOU SBOHFT PG QSFDVSTPSZ MPBEJOH SBUFT <> *O UIF DVSSFOU TUVEZ OFX FYQFSJNFOUT
XFSF DPOEVDUFE UP FWBMVBUF UIF SFMJBCJMJUZ PG UIJT NFUIPE GSPN UXP EJĈFSFOU QPJOUT PG WJFX 'JSTU TJODF JO B QSFWJPVT DPOUSPMMFE
FYQFSJNFOU *PWJUB FU BM <> TJNVMBUFE JNQBDU WFMPDJUJFT CVU BMM PUIFST SFQPSUFE MBVODI WFMPDJUJFT XF BJNFE UP DIFDL WFMPDJUZ DVSWFT
GPS UIF FOUJSFUZ PG UIF USBKFDUPSZ GSPN MBVODI UP JNQBDU 4FDPOE TJODF *PWJUB FU BM <> VTFE TPEBMJNF HMBTT BOE TZOUIFUJD UBSHFUT XF
XBOUFE UP QSPEVDF B DPNQBSBUJWF ZFU XFMM DPOUSPMMFE EBUBTFU GSPN BO FYQFSJNFOU XJUI BOJNBM UBSHFUT BOE B OBUVSBMMZPDDVSSJOH SBX
NBUFSJBM 6TJOH UIJT NPSF SFBMJTUJD TFUVQ XF NFBTVSFE UIF WFMPDJUJFT BOE BDDFMFSBUJPO PG UISFF EFMJWFSZ TZTUFNT MBODF KBWFMJO BOE
TQFBSUISPXFS EBSU
UP FWBMVBUF UIF NBHOJUVEF PG UIF EJTUJODUJPO CFUXFFO JNQBDU WFMPDJUJFT BU UBSHFU FOUSZ BT XFMM BT JOTJEF UIF
UBSHFU
BOE EFUFSNJOF JG UIF QBUUFSO PCTFSWFE DBO CF SFMBUFE UP B QBSUJDVMBS EFMJWFSZ TZTUFN BT DMBJNFE JO UIF MJUFSBUVSF *O UPUBM
B OVNCFS PG JEFOUJDBM HMBTT DPQJFT PG B -FWBMMPJT QPJOU <> BOE LOBQQFE PCTJEJBO QPJOUT QFS EFMJWFSZ TZTUFN
PG UIF TBNF
TJ[F XFSF IBĕFE PO UIF TQFBSTEBSUT BOE UISVTUUISPXO PO B DPNQMFUF IPSTF DBSDBTT CZ FYQFSJFODFE FYQFSUT ăF BDDFMFSBUJPO DVSWF
PG FBDI TIPU XBT NFBTVSFE JODMVEJOH EVSJOH UIF BDUVBM JNQBDU XJUI UIF IFMQ PG BO BDDFMFSPNFUFS BUUBDIFE UP UIF XFBQPO JUTFMG
1SPKFDUJMF WFMPDJUJFT XFSF SFDPSEFE VTJOH B WJEFP DBNFSB ăF CSPLFO QPJOUT XFSF BOBMZTFE VOEFS B NJDSPTDPQF BOE 8' BOE '8
QIPUPHSBQIFE BOE GSBDUVSF TQFFET DBMDVMBUFE GPS EFUBJMFE FYQMBOBUJPO PG UIF NFUIPE TFF <>
)FSF XF SFQPSU UIF đSTU SFTVMUT PG
UIJT FYQFSJNFOU 8F DBO QSFMJNJOBSJMZ DPODMVEF UIBU UIF SFMBUJPO CFUXFFO QSFDVSTPSZ MPBEJOH SBUF BOE UIF QBUUFSO PCTFSWFE JT CPUI
XFBL BOE EFQFOEFOU PO GBDUPST UIBU BSF EJċDVMU UP SFDPOTUSVDU BSDIBFPMPHJDBMMZ TVDI BT UIF UZQF PG BOJNBM IVOUFE XJUI B QBSUJDVMBS
QPJOU ăF JOĔVFODF PG QBSBNFUFST MJLF IJEF BOE ĔFTI XIJDI TMPX EPXO B USBWFMMJOH QSPKFDUJMF QMBZ B NPSF JNQPSUBOU SPMF UIBO
QSFWJPVTMZ BTTVNFE EVSJOH JNQBDU VOUJM UIF NPNFOU PG DSBDL JOJUJBUJPO $POTFRVFOUMZ UIFZ TIPVME OPU CF VOEFSFTUJNBUFE XIFO
SFDPOTUSVDUJOH XFBQPO MBVODIJOH NFDIBOJTNT GSPN BSUFGBDUT PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM PSJHJO
3FGFSFODFT<> )VUDIJOHT 8, .FBTVSJOH VTFSFMBUFE GSBDUVSF WFMPDJUZ JO MJUIJD BSNBUVSFT UP JEFOUJGZ TQFBST KBWFMJOT EBSUT BOE BSSPXT +PVSOBM
PG "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF m <> 4BIMF : )VUDIJOHT 8, #SBVO %3 4FBMZ +$ .PSHBO -& /FHBTI " "UOBGV # 1FUSBHMJB
.% &BSMJFTU 4UPOF5JQQFE 1SPKFDUJMFT GSPN UIF &UIJPQJBO 3Jĕ %BUF UP :FBST "HP 1-P4 0/& <> ,FSLIPG ' #SVDINFDIBOJTDIF "OBMZTF WPO 4DIBEFOTGÅMMFO BO (MÅTFSO (MBTUFDIOJTDIF #FSJDIUF m <> 5PNFODIVL + ăF EFWFMPQNFOU PG B
XIPMMZ QBSBNFUSJD VTFXFBS NFUIPEPMPHZ BOE JUT BQQMJDBUJPO UP UXP TFMFDUFE TBNQMFT PG FQJQBMFPMJUIJD DIJQQFE TUPOF UPPMT GSPN )BZPOJN $BWF *TSBFM
1I% %JTTFSUBUJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5PSPOUP <> *PWJUB 3 FU BM JO QSFTT *EFOUJGZJOH XFBQPO EFMJWFSZ TZTUFNT VTJOH NBDSPGSBDUVSF BOBMZTJT BOE GSBDUVSF
QSPQBHBUJPO WFMPDJUZ B DPOUSPMMFE FYQFSJNFOU *Oु*PWJUB 3 4BOP , &ET
.VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ BQQSPBDIFT UP UIF TUVEZ PG 4UPOF "HF XFBQPOSZ
4QSJOHFS %PSESFDIU
151
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 3FTJEVBMT PG TIPSU UJNF PDDVQBUJPOT PS TUSVDUVSFE MBOETDBQF VTJOH OFX BTQFDUT UP UIF đOE MBZFST GSPN
UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD PG 8FJNBS&ISJOHTEPSG
5JN 4DIÛMFS1
ăVSJOHJBO 4UBUF 0ċDF GPS UIF 1SFTFSWBUJPO PG )JTUPSJDBM .POVNFOUT BOE "SDIBFPMPHZ 8FJNBS
ăF TJUF PG 8FJNBS&ISJOHTEPSG JT XFMM LOPXO GPS UIF DPOTJEFSBCMF đOET PG ĔPSBM BOE GBVOBM SFNBJOT BOE TUPOF BSUFGBDUT CVU BMTP
PG UIF SFNBJOT PG UIF FBSMZ /FBOEFSUIBMT UIFNTFMWFT "MUIPVHI UIF USBWFSUJOF EFQPTJU JODMVEJOH UIF đOET JT WFSZ MBSHF BSPVOE LN
JO UIF /8 4& EJSFDUJPO
NPTU PG UIF đOET SFMBUFE UP UIF IVNBO BDUJWJUJFT DPNF GSPN B SFMBUJWFMZ TNBMM BSFB JO UIF DFOUSBM QBSU
BSPVOE N YN
XIFSF UIF RVBSSZJOH UPPL QMBDF GSPN UIF CFHJOOJOH UP UIF NJEEMF PG UIF UI DFOUVSZ ăF RVBSSZ IBT CFFO
BDUJWF VOUJM OPX 4JODF BO BSFB XJUI B đOEJOH IPSJ[PO XIPTF BQQFBSBODF EJĈFST DMFBSMZ GSPN UIBU PG UIF DFOUSBM BSDIBFPMPHJDBM
TJUF JT PCTFSWFE JO UIF BDUVBM USBWFSUJOF RVBSSZJOH " DPNQBSJTPO PG UIF OFX QMBDF BOE UIF PME POF JT EJċDVMU EVF UP UIF DPNQMJDBUFE
QSPDFTTFT PG UIF PSJHJOBUJPO PG USBWFSUJOF BOE UIF MPOH EJTNBOUMJOH IJTUPSZ PG UIF TJUF HPJOH CBDL UJMM UIF FOE PG UI DFOUVSZ /FWFS
UIFMFTT JU JT SFNBSLBCMF UIBU JO UIF OFX đOE MBZFS UIF EFOTJUZ PG BOJNBM CPOFT JT FYUSFNFMZ MPX JO DPOUSBTU UP BCPVU UIF TBNF EFOTJUZ
PG BSUFGBDUT EFTDSJCFE JO UIF SFTVMUT PG UIF SFTFBSDI DBSSJFE PVU GSPN UP BT UIF POMZ XFMM EPDVNFOUFE TNBMM QBSU GSPN UIF
DFOUSBM đOE DPODFOUSBUJPO GSPN XIJDI BMTP BMM VQ UP OPX LOPXO IVNBO SFNBJOT DPNF GSPN "UUFNQUT UP FYQMBJO UIFTF OPUBCMF
EJĈFSFODFT DBO CF EFSJWFE GSPN UIF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF BODJFOU MBOEGPSN DPOđHVSBUJPO ăJT QPJOU PG WJFX HJWFT TPNF BSHVNFOUT
UP UIF TUSVDUVSFE MBOETDBQF VTJOH PG UIF FBSMZ /FBOEFSUIBMT XIJDI BSF EJTDVTTFE IFSF 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE OFX NJOJOH UFDIOPMPHJFT
NBEF JU QPTTJCMF UP HFU IJHIFS UFNQPSBM SFTPMVUJPO JO UIF TUSBUJHSBQIJD PCTFSWBUJPO 8JUIJO UIF TDPQF PG UIF QSPEVDUJPO PG B OFX
NPEFM PG UIF USBWFSUJOFGBDJFT XIJDI JT QSFTFOUFE IFSF UIF JOUFSFTUJOH RVFTUJPO PG UIF UFNQPSBM SFMBUJPO PG TJOHMF đOE [POFT DBO CF
QBSUJBMMZ BOTXFSFE #VU UIF MPDBMMZ EJTDPOUJOVPVT TFEJNFOUBUJPO PG UIF USBWFSUJOF BOE UIF QBSUJBMMZ WFSZ IJHI HSPXUI SBUFT DPNQMJ
DBUF UIF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG UIF UFNQPSBM FYQJSJFT )PXFWFS UIFTF PĈFS PO UIF PUIFS IBOE UIF QPTTJCJMJUZ UP SFDPOTUSVDU TIPSU FWFOUT
WFSZ FYBDUMZ XJUI SFHBSE UP UIF FOWJSPONFOUBM SFMBUJPOT ăF BJNT PG UIJT XPSL BSF UP QSFTFOU UIF đSTU SFTVMUT PG UIF UBQIPOPNZ PG
UIF đOE MBZFS JO DPOTJEFSBUJPO CZ UIF DVSSFOU TUBUF PG FYDBWJBUJPO
152
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă ăF TJHOJđDBODF PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB GPS VOEFSTUBOEJOH 1BSBOUISPQVT SPCVTUVT
+FĈSFZ 4DIXBSU[1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 1JUUTCVSHI
4JODF JUT BOOPVODFNFOU "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB IBT CFFO QSFTFOUFE BT UIF iBODFTUPSu PG HFOVT )PNP <> CBTFE PO JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG
DSBOJBM QPTUDSBOJBM BOE EFOUBM GFBUVSFT /FWFSUIFMFTT JUT UBYPOPNJD EJTUJODUJWFOFTT IBT CFFO DIBMMFOHFE PO UIF HSPVOET UIBU TJODF
UIF TQFDJFT JT CBTFE PO UIF TLVMM PG B TVCBEVMU <.BMBQB )PNJOJE .)
> JUT BEVMU NPSQIPMPHZ DPVME CF DPNQBSBCMF UP LOPXO
BVTUSBMPQJUIT <> "MUIPVHI JOUFSQSFUBUJPO PG UIF EFOUJUJPO IBT SFBċSNFE UIF TUBUVT PG TFEJCB <> B NPSF EFUBJMFE BOBMZTJT EFNPO
TUSBUFT UIBU UIF NPTU GBWPSBCMF DPNQBSJTPO JT XJUI ,SPNESBBJ 5.C UIF NBOEJCVMBS IPMPUZQF PG 1BSBOUISPQVT SPCVTUVT 'PS
FYBNQMF QSFTFSWFE BMWFPMJ JO .) NBOEJCMF 68 TVHHFTU UIBU UIF NJTTJOH 1 XFSF TJNJMBS JO TIBQF UP 5.C JF BT
JO .) 68
.) 1 XBT MBSHFS FTQFDJBMMZ JO B EJTUFOEFE IZQPDPOF SFHJPO TVDI UIBU UIF CVDDBM TJEF PG UIF UPPUI XBT
NFTJPEJTUBMMZ .%
TPNFXIBU TIPSUFS XIJMF UIF CVDDBM TJEF PG 1 XBT NBSHJOBMMZ CVU WJTJCMZ MPOHFS UIBO UIF MJOHVBM TJEF ăF .T
PG .) BOE 5.C BSF FTQFDJBMMZ TJNJMBS JO UIF PCMJRVF PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF EJTUBM QBSU PG UIF DSPXO BOE UIF QSFTFODF PG OPUDIFT
CFUXFFO CVDDBM DVTQT BOE B DJOHVMJE PO UIF QSPUPDPOJE 'VSUIFS 68 BOE 5.C . IZQPDPOJE CBTFT FYUFOE MJOHVBMMZ
BDSPTT UIF DSPXOT NJEMJOF IZQPDPOJET BSF DPNQSFTTFE BOE CFBS IZQPDSJTUJET BOE TNBMM IZQPDPOVMJET BOHMF JOXBSE QBSBMMFMJOH UIF
PCMJRVF PSJFOUBUJPO PG UIF DSPXOT EJTUBM TJEFT " HSPPWF PO UIF JOUFSOBM GBDF PG 5.CT . NFUBDPOJE CBTF QSPEVDFT B iQJMMBS
MJLFu GFBUVSF XIJDI JT TFFO PO 68T . "T JO 68T . UIF QSFTFSWFE EJTUBM QBSU PG 5.CT . CFBST B EFđOJUJWF
QSPUPDPOJE CVDDBM DJOHVMJE UIBU BCVUT UIF NFTJBM TJEF PG UIF IZQPDPOJE JO DPODFSU XJUI B OPUDI CFUXFFO UIFTF UXP DVTQT 'VSUIFS
UIF .T PG 5.C BOE 68 BSF HFOFSBMMZ TJNJMBS JO TJ[F BOE TIBQF BOE BMTP JO QSFTFOUJOH CVDDBM DVTQ OPUDIFT BMTP JO
68B
EJTUJODU CVDDBM DJOHVMJET PO UIF EJTUBM QBSU PG UIF QSPUPDPOJE B TMJHIU CVDDBM FOBNFM TXFMMJOH CFMPX UIF IZQPDPOVMJE
B EJTUPCVDDBMMZ PCMJRVFMZ PSJFOUFE NFUBDPOJE CBTF BOE .% TIPSU USJHPOJE CBTJOT DPOđOFE UP UIF JOOFS QPSUJPOT PG UIF QSPUPDPOJE
BOE NFUBDPOJE CBTFT *O MJHIU PG UIF BCPWF .) BOE TIPVME CF SFHBSEFE BT 1BSBOUISPQVT SPCVTUVT #FJOH TNBMMFS UIBO 5. C
UIF .BMBQB IPNJOJET XFSF MJLFMZ GFNBMF OPU NBMF #FSHFS FU BM 'VSUIFS QSFMJNJOBSZ TUVEZ JOEJDBUFT UIBU 5. OPU
5. B JT DPNQBSBCMF UP .) JO VQQFS EFOUBM BOE MPXFS GBDJBM NPSQIPMPHZ XIJDI JOEJDBUFT UIBU UIF GPSNFS BT XFMM BT .)
SFQSFTFOU UIF TLVMM BOE VQQFS EFOUJUJPO PG 1 SPCVTUVT (JWFO UIF BQQBSFOU BTTPDJBUJPO PG QPTUDSBOJB XJUI .BMBQB DSBOJB NBOEJCMFT
BOE UFFUI XF NJHIU OPX EJTDVTT JO FBSOFTU UIF NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIJT UBYPO BOE SFWJTJU JUT IZQPEJHN
3FGFSFODFT<> #FSHFS -3 EF 3VJUFS %+ $IVSDIJMM 4& 4DINJE 1 $BSMTPO ,+ %JSLT 1)(. ,JCJJ +. "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB B OFX
TQFDJFT PG )PNPMJLF BVTUSBMPQJUI GSPN 4PVUI "GSJDB 4DJFODF %0* TDJFOD <> 4USBVTT " (VO[ 1 #FOB[[J 4 4QPPS ' -BUF KVWFOJMF DSBOJBM HSPXUI BOE UIF EJBHOPTJT PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT TFEJCB 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF &VSPQFBO 4PDJFUZ GPS UIF 4UVEZ PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO <> *SJTI +% (VBUFMMJ4UFJOCFSH % -FHHF 44 EF 3VJUFS %+ #FSHFS - %FOUBM NPSQIPMPHZ BOE UIF QIZMPHFOFUJD uQMBDFu PG "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT
TFEJCB 4DJFODF %0* TDJFODF
153
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 3PEFOU CJPDISPOPMPHZ BU ,MJOLFSUT 4UFSLGPOUFJO 7BMMFZ 4PVUI "GSJDB
'SBOL 4FOFHBT1,2
613 $/34 'SBODF 6/*4" p %JUTPOH /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ 4PVUI "GSJDB
#PMUT 'BSN BT EFđOFE CZ $PPLF JT B GPTTJMJGFSPVT BSFB LN TPVUIXFTU PG UIF 4UFSLGPOUFJO DBWFT 4PVUI "GSJDB
ăF )36
)01& 3FTFBSDI 6OJU
JT B NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ JOUFSOBUJPOBM UFBN XPSLJOH JO UIJT BSFB TJODF JUT DSFBUJPO JO ăJT GPTTJMJGFSPVT
DBWF TZTUFN TUSFUDIFT PWFS UXP QSPQFSUJFT ,MJOLFSUT BOE (SFFOTMFFWFT 6OUJM OPX TJUFT IBWF CFFO JEFOUJđFE SBOHJOH GSPN UIF
&BSMZ 1MJPDFOF UP UIF &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF ăFSF BSF GPVS TJUFT PO UIF #PMUT 'BSN DBWF TZTUFN UIBU IBWF QSPWFO UP CF PG JOUFSFTU BOE
IBT CFDPNF UIF BSFB PG GPDVT GPS UIF )36 CBTFE PO UIFJS QPTTJCMF BHF "WFT $BWF BU (SFFOTMFFWFT BOE .JMP " # #SBE 1JU " #
BOE 8BZQPJOU BU ,MJOLFSUT 3BEJPNFUSJD EBUJOH JT B XFMM FTUBCMJTIFE NFUIPE JO &BTU "GSJDB CVU POMZ SFDFOUMZ IBT UIJT NFUIPE
QSPWFO CFOFđDJBM GPS TPVUIBGSJDBO EFQPTJUT #JPDISPOPMPHJDBM EBUJOH NBJOMZ CBTFE PO TVJET FRVJET BOE CPWJET
JT POF PG UIF QPQV
MBS EBUJOH UFDIOJRVFT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI TPVUIBGSJDBO TJUFT #FDBVTF PG BO BQQBSFOU NPSQIPMPHJDBM TUBTJT UIF 1MJPDFOF BOE 1MFJTUPDFOF
SPEFOUT PG 4PVUI "GSJDB XFSF OPU VTFE B MPU BT DISPOPMPHJDBM JOEJDBUPST ăF EJTDPWFSZ PG 8BZQPJOU BOE #SBE 1JU # IJHIMJHIUFE
UIF JNQPSUBODF PG BODJFOU SPEFOU GBVOBT FTQFDJBMMZ UIF &VSZPUPNZT QIZMFUJD MJOFBHF *U TIPXT JO UIF VQQFS BOE MPXFS UPPUISPXT B
QSPHSFTTJWF GVTJPO PG UIF NBJO DVTQT JOUP MBNJOBF UIF EJTBQQFBSBODF PG UIF BDDFTTPSZ DVTQT BOE BO JODSFBTF JO UIF OVNCFS PG MBN
JOBF BU UIF UIJSE VQQFS BOE đSTU MPXFS NPMBST MFBEJOH UP B UPPUI QBUUFSO GPVOE UPEBZ JO 0UPNZT BOE 1BSPUPNZT *U JOEJDBUFT B EJFU
DIBOHF UPXBSET B WFSZ TQFDJBMJ[FE HSBTT GFFEJOH IBCJU UIBU NJHIU CF MJOLFE UP UIF FYUFOTJPO PG $ HSBTTMBOET EVSJOH UIF 1MJPDFOF
JO 4PVUI "GSJDB ăF DPOTFDVUJWF TQFDJFT PG UIJT MJOFBHF BMMPXT GPS UIF CJPDISPOPMPHJDBM QMBDFNFOU PG 8BZQPJOU BOE #SBE 1JU
# UP TMPU TVDDFTTJWFMZ JO CFUXFFO -BOHFCBBOXFH BCPVU .Z
BOE .BLBQBOTHBU 3PEFOU $PSOFS BOE .FNCFS BSPVOE .Z
ăF CJPDISPOPMPHJDBM SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU UIF TJUFT PG 8BZQPJOU BOE #SBE 1JU # BSF DVSSFOUMZ UIF PMEFTU JEFOUJđFE GPTTJMJGFSPVT
EFQPTJUT JO UIF 4UFSLGPOUFJO 7BMMFZ
3FGFSFODFT<> $PPLF )#4 %JOPGFMJT CBSMPXJ .BNNBMJB $BSOJWPSB 'FMJEBF
DSBOJBM NBUFSJBM GSPN #PMUT GBSN DPMMFDUFE CZ UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
$BMJGPSOJB BGSJDBO FYQFEJUJPO 1BMBFPOU "GS 154
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S &BTU &VSPQFBO NPEFMT GPS UIF .JEEMFmUPm6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD USBOTJUJPO JO &BTUFSO &VSPQF
"OESFZ " 4JOJUTZO1
*OTUJUVUF GPS UIF )JTUPSZ PG .BUFSJBM $VMUVSF 3"4 4U1FUFSTCVSH 3VTTJB
ăFSF BSF TFWFSBM NPEFMT GPS 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD PSJHJOT JO &BTUFSO &VSPQF
· ,PTUFOLJ NPEFM XJUI BO *OJUJBM 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD TUSBUVN BT B EJTUJODU QSFEFDFTTPS UP UIF "VSJHOBDJBO BOE DPOUFNQPSB
OFPVT UP UIF MPDBM uUSBOTJUJPOBMu 4USFMFUTLJBO
· 4PVUIXFTUFSO XJUI B MPDBM "VSJHOBDJBO PG .PMPEPWBO WBSJFUZ BT XFMM BT XJUI TFWFSBM MPDBM DVMUVSBM USBEJUJPOT PG WBSZJOH
BċMJBUJPO
· 7PMZO 5SBOTDBSQBUJBO XJUI "VSJHOBDJBO B QSPCBCMF *OJUJBM 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD 4PLJUOJUTB
BOE -FWBMMPJTMFQUPMJUIJD ,SF
NFOJUTZBO
USBOTJUJPOBM BTTFNCMBHF
· $SJNFBO XJUI WBSJPVT MPDBM MBUF .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD FOUJUJFT JTPDISPOPVT BOE QPTTJCMZ NPSF SFDFOU UIBO UIF "VSJHOBDJBO
BOE UIF VOJRVF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHF BU #VSBO,BZB ***$
· /PSUIFBTUFSO 6SBMT
TJNJMBS UP UIF ,PTUFOLJ NPEFM CVU XJUI MPDBM GFBUVSFT
· $BVDBTVT XJUI QSPCMFNBUJD "VSJHOBDJBO BOE "INBSJBO
&WJEFODF IBT FNFSHFE SFDFOUMZ GPS BO i6QQFS %OFQS NPEFMu PG .JEEMFUP6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD FWPMVUJPO BOE GPS 6QQFS 1BMBF
PMJUIJD PSJHJOT JO UIF .JEEMF 7PMHB #BTJO ăF DIJFG PCTUBDMF UP XPSLJOH PVU UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO .JEEMF BOE 6QQFS 1BMBF
PMJUIJD JO &BTUFSO &VSPQF SFNBJOT UIF EFđOJUJPO PG UIF MBUF .PVTUFSJBO EVF UP VODFSUBJOUJFT SFHBSEJOH UIF EBUJOH PG BTTFNCMBHFT
"U QSFTFOU UIF NPTU MJLFMZ MBUF .PVTUFSJBO TJUFT JO &BTUFSO &VSPQF JODMVEF UIF GPMMPXJOH 4IMZBLI .JEEMF %PO #BTJO
MBZFS 7***
LB <DBM #1 LB>
UZQPMPHJDBMMZ DMPTF UP BTTFNCMBHF PG #FMPLV[NJOPWLB -PXFS %OFQS
BOE UIF VQQFS DVMUVSBM IPSJ[POT
PG ,IPUZMFWP 6QQFS %OFQS #BTJO
XJUI SBEJPDBSCPO EBUFT PG BOE LB DBM #1 ăF MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT PG UIFTF
TJUFT FYIJCJU TPNF DPNNPO GFBUVSFT FTQFDJBMMZ UFDIOPMPHJDBM XIJDI TVQQPSUT UIF IZQPUIFTJT PG B QTFVEP -FWBMMPJT MFQUPMJUIJD
USBOTJUJPO UP UIF MPDBM 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD 5P UIFTF BTTFNCMBHFT NBZ QPTTJCMZ CF BEEFE 3P[IPL 4FB PG "[PW DPBTU
XIFSF DVMUVSBM
IPSJ[PO *7 ZJFMEFE UIF JTPMBUFE UPPUI PG B NPEFSO IVNBO JO B .PVTUFSJBO DPOUFYU /FX SFTFBSDI PO UIF FBSMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD
PG UIF .JEEMF 7PMHB #BTJO TVHHFTUT ZFU BOPUIFS NPEFM XJUI B SBEJPDBSCPO EBUF GSPN . 0UUF
PO /FQSZJBLIJOP DVMUVSBM MBZFS
***
PG #FUB
DBM #1 LB
ăJT BTTFNCMBHF UPHFUIFS XJUI UIF TJUF 0VOEPSZ QSPWJEFT FWJEFODF GPS
B MPDBM FBSMZ 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD XJUI CJGBDJBM MFBG QPJOUT FYIJCJUJOH TJNJMBSJUJFT UP UIF #VSBO,BZB ***$ QPJOUT /POF PG UIF NPEFMT
DBO CF SFKFDUFE BU UIJT QPJOU CVU B NVMUJSFHJPOBM QBUUFSO PG 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD EFWFMPQNFOU BQQFBST NPSF MJLFMZ UIBO B TJOHMF MPDBM
PSJHJO BU UIJT QPJOU XIFUIFS CZ JO TJUV FWPMVUJPO PS BDDVMUVSBUJPO GSPN FYUFSOBM TPVSDF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT (SBOUT 1SFTJEJVN 3"4 3'#3 155
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S .VTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB FTUJNBUJPO GPS /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE 1BMFPMJUIJD NPEFSO IVNBOT
"TUSJE 4MJ[FXTLJ1 &DLIBSE 4DIÕOBV2 $PMJO 4IBX3 ,BUFSJOB )BSWBUJ1
1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSMZ 1SFIJTUPSZ BOE õVBUFSOBSZ &DPMPHZ4FODLFOCFSH $FOUFS GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPO BOE
1BMFPFOWJSPONFOU &CFSIBSE ,BSMT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO p ,MJOJL VOE 1PMJLMJOJL GÛS BMMHFNFJOF ,JOEFSIFJMLVOEF ,MJOJLVN
EFS 6OJWFSTJUÅU [V ,ÕMO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF 1"7& 3FTFBSDI (SPVQ BOE ăF .D%POBME *OTUJUVUF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM
3FTFBSDI
8F IBWF EFWFMPQFE B NFUIPE GPS NVTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB FTUJNBUJPO BU PG UIF GPSFBSN GSPN DPSUJDBM CPOF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB
PG UIF SBEJVT <> ăF GPSNVMB JT CBTFE PO EBUB BCPVU UIF NVTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB BOE UIF DPSUJDBM CPOF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BU PG GPSFBSN MFOHUI JO B MJWJOH IVNBO TBNQMF PG IFBMUIZ (FSNBOT BHFE GSPN UP ZFBST .VTDMF BSFB BOE DPSUJDBM BSFB
XFSF NFBTVSFE EJSFDUMZ JO WJWP BOE EBUB XBT BOBMZ[FE VTJOH NVMUJQMF MJOFBS SFHSFTTJPOT 1FSDFOU 4UBOEBSE &SSPS PG &TUJNBUF 4&&
GPS NVTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB FTUJNBUJPO GSPN DPSUJDBM CPOF JT UP ăJT NFUIPE XBT BMSFBEZ TVDDFTTGVMMZ BQQMJFE
UP B TLFMFUBM TBNQMF GSPN UIF -JOFBS 1PUUFSZ $VMUVSF <> 0VS SFTVMUT XFSF JO MJOF XJUI QSFWJPVT BOBMZTFT PG UIF /FPMJUIJD TBNQMF
BOE TIPXFE B TJHOJđDBOU EJĈFSFODF CFUXFFO /FPMJUIJD BOE SFDFOU DIJMESFO JO GPSFBSN NVTDVMBSJUZ )FSF XF QSFTFOU UIF SFTVMUT PG
NVTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB FTUJNBUJPO GPS BEVMU /FBOEFSUIBM SBEJJ GSPN UFO JOEJWJEVBMT BOE BEVMU 1BMFPMJUIJD NPEFSO IV
NBO SBEJJ GSPN JOEJWJEVBMT ăF NBKPS HPBM PG UIF QSFTFOU TUVEZ XBT UP RVBOUJGZ WBSJBUJPO BNPOH /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE 1BMFPMJUIJD
NPEFSO IVNBOT JO GPSFBSN NVTDVMBSJUZ BOE UP UFTU JG UIF MPOH IFME DPOWJDUJPO PG iTUPDLZu < > /FBOEFSUIBMT XJUI B iHFOFSBM
NVTDVMBS IZQFSUSPQIZ PG UIF VQQFS CPEZu < > DBO CF DPOđSNFE GSPN UIFJS GPSFBSN NVTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB TJ[F &TUJNBUFE
NVTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFBT XFSF TUBOEBSEJ[FE CZ SBEJVT MFOHUI UP EFSJWF BU B TVSSPHBUF GPS GPSFBSN TUSFOHUI BOE UP JODPSQPSBUF UIF
EJĈFSFODFT JO MJNC QSPQPSUJPOT PG /FBOEFSUIBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT .VTDMF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM BSFB FTUJNBUJPOT XFSF BMTP TUBOEBSE
J[FE CZ FTUJNBUFE CPEZ NBTT UP PCUBJO JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU UIF NVTDVMBSJUZ PG UIF GPSFBSN JO SFMBUJPO UP UIF HFOFSBM QIZTJRVF BOE
UIF BQQFBSBODF PG UIF GPSFBSNT JO SFMBUJPO UP UIF SFTU PG UIF CPEZ 3FTVMUT PG UIFTF BOBMZTFT BSF EJTDVTTFE JO UIF DPOUFYU PG QSFWJPVT
BTTVNQUJPOT BCPVU /FBOEFSUIBM BOE 1BMFPMJUIJD NPEFSO IVNBO CPEZ CVJME BOE TUSFOHUI
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL BMM DVSBUPST BOE JOTUJUVUJPOT XIP HSBOUFE VT BDDFTT UP GPTTJM TQFDJNFOT BT XFMM BT FW
FSZPOF JOWPMWFE JO UIF %0/"-% TUVEZ
3FGFSFODFT<> 4MJ[FXTLJ " 4DIPFOBV & 4IBX $ )BSWBUJ , .VTDMF BSFB FTUJNBUJPO GSPN DPSUJDBM CPOF "OBU 3FD m <>
4MJ[FXTLJ " #VSHFS)FJOSJDI & 'SBODLFO . 8BIM + )BSWBUJ , 1JMPU 4UVEZ GPS 3FDPOTUSVDUJPO PG 4Pĕ 5JTTVFT .VTDMF $SPTT4FDUJPOBM
"SFB PG UIF 'PSFBSN &TUJNBUFE GSPN $PSUJDBM #POF GPS B /FPMJUIJD 4BNQMF "OBU 3FD &QVC BIFBE PG QSJOU %0* BS <> 8PMQPĈ .
1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ .D(SBX)JMM .JDIJHBO <> $BSUNJMM + 4NJUI ') ăF )VNBO -JOFBHF +PIO 8JMFZ 4POT /FX +FSTFZ
156
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 'VODUJPOBM &RVJWBMFODF XJUIJO UIF %FWFMPQJOH .BTUJDBUPSZ 4ZTUFN
0MJWJB ". 4NJUI1 4BNVFM / $PCC2 -BVSB $ 'JUUPO3
ăF )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM p $FOUSF GPS "OBUPNJDBM BOE )VNBO 4DJFODFT )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM 6OJWFSTJUZ PG )VMM
p $FOUSF GPS "OBUPNJDBM BOE )VNBO 4DJFODFT )VMM :PSL .FEJDBM 4DIPPM 6OJWFSTJUZ PG :PSL
ăF QSJNBUF TLVMM DIBOHFT DPOTJEFSBCMZ JO TIBQF BOE JODSFBTFT JO TJ[F EVSJOH QPTUOBUBM EFWFMPQNFOU BOE IBT B OVNCFS PG QPUFO
UJBMMZ DPNQFUJOH TZTUFNT BOE GVODUJPOT UP BDDPNNPEBUF PS NBJOUBJO BT JU DIBOHFT JODMVEJOH UIF NBTUJDBUPSZ TZTUFN BOE GFFEJOH
ăF GVODUJPOBM FċDJFODZ PG UIF NBTUJDBUPSZ TZTUFN JT EFUFSNJOFE CZ TFWFSBM GBDUPST JODMVEJOH UIF NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF PG UIF KBX
DMPTJOH NVTDMFT BU B QBSUJDVMBS CJUF QPJOU JOMFWFSPVUMFWFS
NVTDMF GPSDF BOE EFOUBM NPSQIPMPHZ 8JUI JODSFBTJOH MFOHUI PG UIF
TLVMM BOE EFOUBM FSVQUJPO EVSJOH POUPHFOZ JU NBZ SFBTPOBCMZ CF FYQFDUFE UIBU QPTU XFBOJOH UIF MFWFS BSN MFOHUIT PG UIF NVTDMFT XJMM
DIBOHF QSFEJDUBCMZ JOUSBTQFDJđDBMMZ UP NBJOUBJO NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF PS FWFO UIF NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF PG KVWFOJMFT XJMM CF HSFBUFS
UIBO UIBU JO BEVMUT UP DPNQFOTBUF GPS UIFJS SFEVDFE NVTDVMBUVSF *O UIF UXP UBYB TUVEJFE UP EBUF UIF SFTVMUT IBWF CFFO DPOĔJDUJOH
ăJT TUVEZ UIFSFGPSF UFTUT XIFUIFS NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF PG UIF NBJO NBTUJDBUPSZ NVTDMFT UFNQPSBMJT BOE NBTTFUFS
SFNBJO DPO
TUBOU PS DIBOHF JOUSBTQFDJđDBMMZ EVSJOH POUPHFOZ BDSPTT B SBOHF PG DBUBSSIJOF QSJNBUFT XJUI B WBSJFUZ PG EJFUT BOE XIFUIFS WBSJBODF
JO NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF JT SFMBUFE UP UIF EJFUBSZ EJĈFSFODFT % DPPSEJOBUFT EBUB XBT DPMMFDUFE GPS BO POUPHFOFUJD TFSJFT PG 1BO
USPHMPEZUFT (PSJMMB HPSJMMB 1POHP QZHNBFVT $FSDPQJUIFDVT OJDUJUBOT BOE $PMPCVT TBUBOBT 0SJHJOT BOE JOTFSUJPOT GPS UIF NBTTFUFS
BOE UFNQPSBMJT NVTDMF UFNQPSPNBOEJCVMBS KPJOU GVMDSVN
BOE CJUF QPJOU MPDBUJPOT PG UIF NPTU BOUFSJPS *
BOE QPTUFSJPS UPPUI
JO GVODUJPOBM PDDMVTJPO . . PS .
XFSF VTFE UP DBMDVMBUF UIF JOMFWFST NPNFOU BSN GPS UIF KBX DMPTJOH NVTDMFT
BOE UIF
PVUMFWFST MPBE BSN GPS CJUJOH BU B HJWFO UPPUI
ăF BTTPDJBUFE NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF XBT TVCTFRVFOUMZ DBMDVMBUFE GPS FBDI NVTDMF
PWFS FBDI CJUF QPJOU BOE DPNQBSFE XJUIJO BOE CFUXFFO FBDI TQFDJFT 8JUIJO FBDI TQFDJFT NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF JODSFBTFT EVSJOH
POUPHFOZ GPS UIF NPTU QPTUFSJPS NPMBS CJUF XIJMTU JODJTPS CJUFT TIPX B NPSF HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF PG NFDIBOJDBM FċDJFODZ CF
UXFFO KVWFOJMFT BOE BEVMUT ăJT JOEJDBUFT UIBU MPXFS NVTDMF GPSDFT JO ZPVOHFS JOEJWJEVBMT DPVME CF DPNQFOTBUFE GPS CZ B SFMBUJWFMZ
IJHIFS NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF EVSJOH JODJTPS CJUFT ăFSF BSF DMFBS JODSFBTFT JO NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF PG UIF NPTU EJTUBM UPPUI EVSJOH
POUPHFOZ FTQFDJBMMZ GPS UIF NPSF PCEVSBUF GFFEFST $ TBUBOBT 1 QZHNBFVT ( HPSJMMB
BOE JOUFSTQFDJđD EJĈFSFODFT JO NFDIBOJ
DBM BEWBOUBHF CFUXFFO UIF BEVMUT BMTP BQQFBS UP SFĔFDU EJFUBSZ EJĈFSFODFT 4FYVBM EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF PVUMFWFS MFOHUI BSF SFDPSEFE
CVU OP TJHOJđDBOU EJĈFSFODFT JO NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF TVHHFTUJOH JOMFWFST BEKVTU UP NBJOUBJO GVODUJPOBM FRVJWBMFODF JO UIF NPSF
QSPHOBUIJD NBMFT ăF SFTVMUT PG UIJT TUVEZ TVHHFTU UIBU NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF WBSJFT JOUSBTQFDJđDBMMZ BOE JOUFSTQFDJđDBMMZ XJUIJO
QSJNBUFT 8IJMF TQFDJFT XJUI B NPSF PCEVSBUF EJFU EFWFMPQ B NPSF FċDJFOU MFWFS TZTUFN SFRVJSFE GPS UIFJS TQFDJBMJ[FE EJFU KVWF
OJMFT EP OPU QPTTFTT BO JODSFBTFE NFDIBOJDBM BEWBOUBHF ăFTF đOEJOHT NBZ CF EVF UP MFTT NFDIBOJDBMMZ SFTJTUBOU GFFEJOH CFIBWJPST
PG KVWFOJMFT JO DPNQBSJTPO XJUI BEVMUT PS TVHHFTU UIBU KVWFOJMFT DPQF XJUI UIF NFDIBOJDBM EFNBOET PG BO BEVMU EJFU UISPVHI PUIFS
NFDIBOJTNT TVDI BT UIF EFOUBM UPQPHSBQIZ PG VOXPSO UFFUI BOE JOUFSOBM NVTDMF BSDIJUFDUVSF
157
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 7BSTDIF 3JWJFS " .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF TJUF XJUI 4UJMM #BZ BOE )PXJFTPOT 1PPSU BTTFNCMBHFT JO
TPVUIFSO /BNBRVBMBOE 4PVUI "GSJDB
5FSFTB 4UFFMF1,2 "MFY .BDLBZ3 ,BUISZO 'JU[TJNNPOT2 #FO .BSXJDL4 +BZTPO 0SUPO5,6 4UFWF 4DIXPSU[ 1 .BSFJLF
4UBIMTDINJEU7
6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB %BWJT p .BY 1MBOL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8PMMPOHPOH p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8BTIJOHUPO p "4)" $POTVMUJOH 1UZ
-UE p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BQF 5PXO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5ÛCJOHFO
*O TPVUIFSO "GSJDB UIF 4UJMM #BZ 4#
BOE )PXJFTPOT 1PPSU )1
JOEVTUSJFT IBWF CFDPNF DFOUSBM UP PVS JOWFTUJHBUJPOT JOUP UIF NPEF
BOE UFNQP PG IVNBO CFIBWJPSBM FWPMVUJPO BOE NPEFSO IVNBO PSJHJOT )PXFWFS GFX TJUFT FYJTU UIBU QSFTFSWF CPUI JOEVTUSJFT XIFSF
UIF NPTU EFUBJMFE RVFSJFT BCPVU UIFJS DISPOPMPHJDBM UFDIOPMPHJDBM BOE FDPMPHJDBM SFMBUJPOTIJQT DPVME CF CFTU BEESFTTFE ăF OFXMZ
JEFOUJđFE TJUF PG 7BSTDIF 3JWJFS 73
TPVUIFSO /BNBRVBMBOE 8FTUFSO $BQF 1SPWJODF 4PVUI "GSJDB
QSPWJEFT TVDI BO PQQPS
UVOJUZ CFDBVTF JU QSFTFSWFT CPUI 4# BOE )1 JOEVTUSJFT XJUIJO B MPOHFS TFRVFODF PG .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF .4"
DVMUVSBM IJTUPSZ 8F
JOJUJBMMZ UBSHFUFE UIJT SFHJPO GPS SFTFBSDI CFDBVTF JU JT JO UIF 4VDDVMFOU ,BSPP PVUTJEF PG UIF XFMMEPDVNFOUFE DPBTUBM BOE NPOUBOF
[POFT PG UIF 'ZOCPT BOE CFDBVTF JU JT TJUVBUFE XJUIJO UIF 8JOUFS 3BJOGBMM ;POF XIFSF NPJTUVSF XBT NPSF BWBJMBCMF EVSJOH UIF
DPPMFS QIBTFT PG QSFIJTUPSZ BOE UIFSFGPSF NBZ IBWF CFFO PDDVQJFE EVSJOH .*4 PS .*4 QPUFOUJBMMZ ZJFMEJOH FBSMZ -4" PS FBSMZ
.4" BTTFNCMBHFT 8F đSTU JEFOUJđFE 73 JO XJUI POMZ B TNBMM UFTU FYDBWBUJPO 4UFFMF FU BM 8F SFUVSOFE JO GPS B MBSHFS đFME TFBTPO JODPSQPSBUJOH CMPDL BOE CVML TBNQMJOH GPS NJDSPNPSQIPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT BOE PQUJDBMMZ TUJNVMBUFE MVNJOFT
DFODF 04-
EBUJOH *O BEEJUJPO UP MBSHF BTTFNCMBHFT PG TUPOF BSUJGBDUT UIF TJUF BMTP QSFTFSWFT GBVOB PTUSJDI FHHTIFMM BOE QJHNFOUT
UISPVHIPVU UIF DVSSFOU TFRVFODF 73 BQQFBST UP CF B DPMMBQTFE SPDLTIFMUFS XJUI B TNBMM SFNOBOU PG UIF TIFMUFS QSFTFSWFE BU UIF
UPQ FYUFOEJOH JO GSPOU PG UIF TJUF JT B N MPOH TMPQF UIBU SJTFT N GSPN UIF TMPQF CBTF UP UIF TIFMUFS 8F IBWF FYDBWBUFE N Y
N Y N PO UIF TMPQF BOE N Y N Y N JOTJEF UIF TIFMUFS .BDSP BOE NJDSPNPSQIPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF TFEJNFOUBSZ
TFRVFODF SFWFBMT EJĈFSFOU GPSNBUJPO QSPDFTTFT BOE DPOEJUJPOT PO UIF TMPQF DPMMVWJBM QSPDFTTFT CJPUVSCBUJPO NPJTU DPOEJUJPOT GSPN UIPTF JOTJEF UIF TIFMUFS GFX QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM BMUFSBUJPOT ESZ DPOEJUJPOT *OTJEF UIF TIFMUFS UIF TFEJNFOUBSZ NBUFSJBM BOE
UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM NBUFSJBM DPOUBJOFE XJUIJO JT JO QSJNBSZ DPOUFYU XIJMF PO UIF TMPQF UIF EJTUVSCBODFT BSF NPSF WBSJBCMF *OTJEF
UIF TIFMUFS XF IBWF VODPWFSFE )1 NBUFSJBM BU UIF CBTF PG UIF VOJU XJUI MBUF .4" BCPWF BOE DBQQFE CZ MBUF )PMPDFOF -BUFS 4UPOF
"HF 0O UIF TMPQF UIF EFFQFTU NBUFSJBMT BSF QSF4# GPMMPXFE CZ VOJGBDJBM QPJOUT O
CJGBDJBM QPJOUT O
BOE UIFO CBDLFE
BSUJGBDUT O
#BTFE PO UIF BOBMZTJT PG TJOHMFHSBJOT FJHIU PG UFO 04- TBNQMFT QSPWJEFE SFMJBCMF EBUFT XJUI IJHIFS DPOđEFODF JO
TJY PG UIFN ăF TFEJNFOUT TVSSPVOEJOH UIF )1 BTTFNCMBHFT FBDI QSPWJEFE POF TBNQMF POF JOTJEF UIF TIFMUFS BOE POF PO UIF TMPQF
XIJDI XFSF CSBDLFUFE CZ PUIFS TBNQMFT ăFTF TBNQMFT TVHHFTU UIBU UIF )1 JOEVTUSJFT XFSF EFQPTJUFE LB 8IJMF PVS SFTVMUT
BSF TUSBUJHSBQIJDBMMZ DPOTJTUFOU UIFZ BSF TVCTUBOUJBMMZ ZPVOHFS UIBO BOZ QSFWJPVTMZ QVCMJTIFE )1 DISPOPMPHJFT 8JUIJO B SFHJPOBM
DPOUFYU UIF 73 BTTFNCMBHFT DBO CF DPNQBSFE UP "QPMMP 9* 4QJU[LMPPG %JFQLMPPG )PMMPX 3PDL 4IFMUFS BOE ,MFJO ,MJQIVJT
BNPOH PUIFST UP BEESFTT RVFTUJPOT DPODFSOJOH MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHZ TUPOF NBUFSJBM FYQMPJUBUJPO DISPOPMPHZ JODMVEJOH USBOTJUJPOT
BOE IJBUVTFT
FDPMPHZ BOE UIF JOOPWBUJPO PG DPNQMFY CFIBWJPST
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT &YDBWBUJPOT XFSF DPOEVDUFE VOEFS )FSJUBHF 8FTUFSO $BQF 1FSNJU /P JTTVFE UP 0SUPO MBOEPXO
FST 1FUSP BOE -PVJT 7JTTFS HFOFSPVTMZ HSBOUFE BDDFTT BOE TVQQPSU ăF 64 /BUJPOBM 4DJFODF 'PVOEBUJPO -#4 -FBLFZ 'PVOEBUJPO
UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB %BWJT BOE UIF "VTUSBMJBO /BUJPOBM 6OJWFSTJUZ IBWF GVOEFE UIF SFTFBSDI BMPOH XJUI BEEJUJPOBM TVQQPSU
GSPN PVS MPDBM JOTUJUVUJPOT
3FGFSFODFT<> 4UFFMF 5& .BDLBZ " 0SUPO + 4DIXPSU[ 4 7BSTDIF 3JWJFS B OFX .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF TJUF JO TPVUIFSO /BNBRVBMBOE 4PVUI
"GSJDB 4PVUI "GSJDBO "SDIBFPMPHJDBM #VMMFUJO 158
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B 1SFEJDUJOH KBX TIBQF CBTFE PO NPEFMT PG NBYJMMPNBOEJCVMBS JOUFHSBUJPO
4UFGBOJF 4UFM[FS1 1IJMJQQ (VO[1 'SFE 4QPPS1
%FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p %FQBSUNFOU
PG $FMM BOE %FWFMPQNFOUBM #JPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ $PMMFHF -POEPO 6,
%FOUPHOBUIJD NPSQIPMPHZ JT POF PG UIF NBJO BTQFDUT UIBU DIBSBDUFSJ[F EJĈFSFOU IPNJOJO TQFDJFT ăF NBTUJDBUPSZ BQQBSBUVT TIPXT
EJĈFSFODFT JO EFOUBM TJ[F NBOEJCVMBS DPSQVT SPCVTUJDJUZ EFHSFF PG QSPHOBUIJTN BOE BSDBEF TIBQF 4PNF IPNJOJO TQFDJFT BSF POMZ
LOPXO CZ UIFJS VQQFS PS MPXFS KBX NPSQIPMPHZ BOE JU XPVME CF CFOFđDJBM JG UIFJS NBUDIJOH MPXFS PS VQQFS KBX TIBQFT DPVME CF QSF
EJDUFE BOE UIVT SFDPHOJTFE JO UIF GPTTJM SFDPSE ăJT UZQF PG QSFEJDUJPOT DBO CF BUUFNQUFE VTJOH HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT CBTFE PO
TUBUJTUJDBM NPEFMT EFTDSJCJOH UIF TQBUJBM BOE GVODUJPOBM JOUFHSBUJPO PG NBOEJCMFT BOE NBYJMMBF JO FYUBOU IVNBOT BOE HSFBU BQFT )FSF
XF FYBNJOF UIF DBQBCJMJUZ PG B NVMUJQMF NVMUJWBSJBUF SFHSFTTJPO NPEFM CBTFE PO % MBOENBSLT EJHJUJ[FE PO DPNQVUFE UPNPHSBQIJD
TDBOT PG BTTPDJBUFE VQQFS BOE MPXFS KBXT PG BEVMU FYUBOU )PNP QSFJOEVTUSJBM
1BO (PSJMMB BOE 1POHP UP QSFEJDU UIF EFOUBM BSDBEF
TIBQF PG NBOEJCMFT GSPN NBYJMMBF BOE WJDF WFSTB 5P BTTFTT XIFUIFS UIJT NPEFM DBO CF VTFE GPS B IPNJOJO TQFDJFT XIJDI IBT B KBX
NPSQIPMPHZ OPU TFFO JO FYUBOU UBYB XF BMTP BOBMZTF UXP 1BSBOUISPQVT CPJTFJ GPTTJMT UIF VOBTTPDJBUFE NBYJMMB PG 0) BOE UIF 1FOJOK
NBOEJCMF XF đSTU BQQMZ FYUBOU SFHSFTTJPO NPEFMT UP QSFEJDU B MPXFS KBX GPS 0) BOE DPNQBSF UIF QSFEJDUFE MPXFS KBX UP 1FOJOK
BHBJOTU UIF CBDLESPQ PG QBJSXJTF TIBQF EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO NBOEJCMFT XJUIJO FYUBOU TQFDJFT MJLFXJTF XF DPNQBSF UIF NBYJMMBSZ
QSFEJDUJPO GPS 1FOJOK UP 0) 8F đOE UIBU UIF QSFEJDUFE TIBQFT PG PVS FYUBOU TBNQMF GBMM XJUIJO UIF BDUVBM SBOHF PG JOUSBTQFDJđD
WBSJBUJPO %JTDSJNJOBOU GVODUJPO BOBMZTJT TIPXT UIBU UIF QSFEJDUJPOT BSF DPSSFDUMZ BTTJHOFE UP UIF SFTQFDUJWF UBYPO 6TJOH B NPEFM
PG JOUFHSBUJPO DPNCJOJOH BMM UBYB QSFEJDUFE BSDBEFT BSF BDDVSBUF CVU XF HFU TPNFXIBU EJWFSHJOH TIBQFT GPS UIF BOUFSJPS UFFUI UIF
QPTUDBOJOF EFOUJUJPO JT MFTT BĈFDUFE 0VS SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF UIBU JOUFHSBUJPO QBUUFSOT BSF IJHIMZ DPOTFSWFE JO FYUBOU IPNJOJET XIJDI
BMMPXT VT UP FĈFDUJWFMZ QSFEJDU EFOUBM BSDBEF TIBQFT ăF BDDVSBDZ PG PVS JOUFHSBUJPO NPEFMT IPMET UIF QSPTQFDU UIBU BQQMJDBUJPO UP
UIF IPNJOJO GPTTJM SFDPSE JT B QSBDUJDBM QPTTJCJMJUZ UP QSFEJDU UIF NBUDIJOH HOBUIJD NPSQIPMPHZ " đSTU FWBMVBUJPO XJMM CF EPOF CZ
QSFTFOUJOH UIF đOEJOHT GPS UIF 1 CPJTFJ GPTTJMT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F UIBOL UIF GPMMPXJOH DVSBUPST BOE NVTFVNT GPS BDDFTT UP UIFJS TQFDJNFOT *OHP #FDINBOO BOE $ISJTUJOF
'FKB 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -FJQ[JH -FJQ[JH 0UUNBS ,VMMNFS 4FODLFOCFSH .VTFVN 'SBOLGVSU.BJO 'SJFEFS .BZFS BOE /PSB -BOHF .V
TFVN GÛS /BUVSLVOEF #FSMJO .BUUIFX 5PDIFSJ GSPN UIF 4NJUITPOJBO *OTUJUVUJPO 8BTIJOHUPO %$ UIF *WPSJBO BVUIPSJUJFT BOE
$ISJTUPQIF #PFTDI .1*&7" -FJQ[JH 8F BMTP XBOU UP UIBOL -BVSFO 4DISPFEFS GPS BDDFTT UP UIF MBTFS TDBO PG 1FOJOK BOE +FBO
+BDRVFT )VCMJO GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP UIF $54DBOT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF .BY 1MBODL 4PDJFUZ
159
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă 4NBMM CPOFT CJH EJĈFSFODFT " DPNQBSJTPO PG NPEFSO IVNBO BOE /FBOEFSUBM FBS PTTJDMFT
"MFYBOEFS 4UPFTTFM1 1IJMJQQ (VO[1 'SFE 4QPPS1,2 3PNBJO %BWJE1 5PCJBT 4DINJEU3 +FBO+BDRVFT )VCMJO 1
%FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG $FMM BOE
%FWFMPQNFOUBM #JPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ $PMMFHF -POEPO p ,MJOJL GÛS )BMT /BTFO VOE 0ISFOIFJMLVOEF 6OJWFSTJUÅUTLMJOJLVN
+FOB
%VF UP UIFJS NJOVUF TJ[F GFX NJEEMF FBS PTTJDMFT BSF LOPXO GSPN UIF IPNJOJO GPTTJM SFDPSE &WFO GPS /FBOEFSUBMT POMZ B IBOEGVM PG
TQFDJNFOT BSF LOPXO *O GBDU POMZ POF TQFDJNFO -B 'FSSBTTJ m QSFTFSWFT B DPNQMFUF PTTJDVMBS DIBJO JODMVEJOH UIF POMZ DPNQMFUF
NBMMFVT EFTDSJCFE TP GBS 4UVEJFT PG UIFTF /FBOEFSUBM PTTJDMFT VTJOH MJOFBS BOE BOHVMBS NFBTVSFNFOUT IBWF JOEJDBUFE EJĈFSFODFT CF
UXFFO )PNP OFBOEFSUIBMFOTJT BOE ) TBQJFOT < > )PXFWFS TVDI BOBMZTFT XFSF NBSSFE CZ UIF TNBMM GPTTJM TBNQMF TJ[F BOE UIF
UXPEJNFOTJPOBM NFBTVSFNFOUT EP OPU DBQUVSF UIF UZQF PG UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM %
TIBQF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT TIPXO UP EJTUJOHVJTI UIF
FBS PTTJDMFT PG FYUBOU IPNJOJET <> )FSF XF QSFTFOU B TUVEZ PG UIF % TIBQF PG /FBOEFSUBM FBS PTTJDMFT JODMVEJOH TFWFSBM QSFWJPVTMZ
VOEFTDSJCFE TQFDJNFOT ăF BOBMZTJT VTFT B HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD (.
NFBTVSFNFOU QSPUPDPM CBTFE PO % MBOENBSLT BOE
TFNJMBOENBSLT PCUBJOFE GSPN IJHI SFTPMVUJPO $5 JNBHFT <> -BOENBSLT XFSF BOBMZ[FE VTJOH QSJODJQBM DPNQPOFOU BOBMZTJT BĕFS
TUBOEBSEJ[JOH GPS QPTJUJPO PSJFOUBUJPO BOE TDBMF /FBOEFSUBMT XFSF DPNQBSFE UP B MBSHF DPNQBSBUJWF EBUBTFU PG NPEFSO IVNBOT
BOE "GSJDBO BQFT ăF SFTVMUT PG UIF (. BOBMZTFT TIPX UIBU UIF PTTJDMFT PG BMM TQFDJFT JO UIF TBNQMF DBO CF EJTUJOHVJTFE CZ UIFJS TIBQF
TUBUJTUJDBM TJHOJđDBODF 1
.PSFPWFS UIF PTTJDMFT PG /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT BSF EJTUJODUMZ EJĈFSFOU BOE XJUIJO UIF
DPNQBSBUJWF DPOUFYU PG UIF FYUBOU IPNJOJET UIF /FBOEFSUBM PTTJDMF NPSQIPMPHZ BQQFBST NPSF EFSJWFE UIBO UIBU PG NPEFSO IVNBOT
4USJLJOHMZ /FBOEFSUBMT TIPX MFTT PTTJDVMBS TIBQF WBSJBUJPO UIBO FYUBOU TQFDJFT EFTQJUF UIF TVCTUBOUJBM UJNF EFQUI PG UIF GPTTJMT ăF
(. BOBMZTJT FYQBOET PVS LOPXMFEHF PG UIF NPSQIPMPHJDBM EJTUJODUJWFOFTT PG /FBOEFSUBMT DPNQBSFE XJUI NPEFSO IVNBOT ăF EJG
GFSFODFT JO PTTJDMF TIBQF TIPVME CF JOWFTUJHBUFE GVSUIFS JO B GVODUJPOBM DPOUFYU BTTFTTJOH UIF JNQMJDBUJPOT PG UIF EFSJWFE /FBOEFSUBM
NPSQIPMPHZ GPS UIF BVEJUPSZ DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG UIJT TQFDJFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF .BY 1MBODL 4PDJFUZ 8F UIBOL 3 õVBN " #BM[FBV 4 'MPIS * #FDINBOO
$ 'FKB ' .BZFS $ 'VOL : 3BL * )FSTILPWJU[ + 3BEPWʃJʂ # 7BOEFSNFFSTDI .4 'JTDIFS 5 4DIÛMFS $ #PFTDI BOE "4539
GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP TQFDJNFOT
3FGFSFODFT<> )FJN +- -FT &OGBOUT /FBOEFSUBMJFOT EF -B 'FSSBTTJF .BTTPO 1BSJT <> 4QPPS ' ăF BVEJUPSZ PTTJDMFT *O ;JMIÈP +
5SJOLBVT & &ET
1PSUSBJU PG UIF "SUJTU BT B $IJME ăF (SBWFUUJBO )VNBO 4LFMFUPO GSPN UIF "CSJHP %P -BHBS 7FMIP BOE *UT "SDIFPMPHJDBM $POUFYU
*OTUJUVUP 1PSUVHVËT EF "SRVFPMPHJB -JTCPO QQ <> õVBN 3 3BL : "VEJUPSZ PTTJDMFT GSPN TPVUIXFTU "TJBO .PVTUFSJBO TJUFT + )VN
&WPM <> õVBN 3 .BSUÎOF[ * "STVBHB +- 3FBTTFTTNFOU PG UIF -B 'FSSBTTJF /FBOEFSUBM PTTJDVMBS DIBJO + )VN &WPM <> 4UPFTTFM " (VO[ 1 4QPPS ' $PNQBSBUJWF BOBUPNZ PG FBS PTTJDMFT JO "GSJDBO BQFT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT*OUSPEVDJOH B HFPNFUSJD
NPSQIPNFUSJD NFBTVSFNFOU QSPUPDPM *O "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM 160
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B ăF FBSMZ (SBWFUUJBO /FX FYDBWBUJPOT BU %PMOÎ 7ʋTUPOJDF1BWMPW
+JʼÎ 4WPCPEB 1,2 .BSUJO /PWÃL2 4BOESB 4Ã[FMPWÃ1
%FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ BU 'BDVMUZ PG 4DJFODF .BTBSZL 6OJWFSTJUZ p *OTUJUVUF PG "SDIBFPMPHZ "4 $3 JO #SOP
"MUIPVHI .PSBWJB PĈFST B DPNQMFY SFDPSE PG UIF &WPMWFE (SBWFUUJBO1BWMPWJBO CFUXFFO LB DBM #1 κ
FWJEFODF GPS
FBSMJFS (SBWFUUJBO TUBHFT XBT XFBL )FSF XF QSFTFOU OFX FWJEFODF PG UIF FBSMZ (SBWFUUJBO GSPN UIF %PMOÎ 7ʋTUPOJDFm1BWMPW BSFB
BOE EJTDVTT JUT NFBOJOH GPS UIF RVFTUJPO PG (SBWFUUJBO PSJHJO %PMOÎ 7ʋTUPOJDF ăF FYDBWBUJPO BU %PMOÎ 7ʋTUPOJDF **B VO
FBSUIFE B DFOUSBM NVMUJMBZFS IFBSUI IPSJ[POT D
BOE B TFRVFODF PG ".4 EBUFT GSPN UIF JOEJWJEVBM NJDSPMBZFST m LB
#1
B QFSJQIFSJD [POF XJUI TMJHIUMZ NPSF SFDFOU EBUFT XBT BTTPDJBUFE UP UIJT JOTUBMBUJPO IPSJ[POT CB EBUFE LB #1
"OBMZTFT PG QPMMFO DIBSDPBM GBVOB BOE BSUJGBDUT BEE UP VOEFSTUBOE GPSNBUJPO QSPDFTTFT PG UIJT QBSUJDVMBS IFBSUI BOE SFMBUFE EFWFM
PQNFOU PG UIF .*4 MBOETDBQF ăF DIBSDPBM SFDPSE EPDVNFOUT B DPME BOE ESZ MBOETDBQF XJUI DPOJGFSPVT USFFT UISPVHI UIF TFDUJPO
ăF QPMMFO SFDPSE DPOđSNT B QBSLMBOE MBOETDBQF XJUI TDBUUFSFE QSFTFODF PG DMJNBUJDBMMZ EFNBOEJOH CSPBEMFBG USFFT JO IPSJ[PO D
ăF QSFTFODF PG DFSUBJO TOBJM BOE NBNNBM TQFDJFT JODMVEJOH SFE EFFS JOEJDBUF BO FQJTPEF PG B SFTUSJDUFE GPSFTU GPSNBUJPO JO UIF
IPSJ[PO D ăF BTTPDJBUFE DVMUVSBM EFWFMPQNFOU TUBSUT GSPN VOEJBHOPTUJD 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JOEVTUSZ UPXBSET FBSMZ BOE FWPMWFE
(SBWFUUJBO1BWMPWJBO MJUIJD JOEVTUSJFT "O JNQPSUBOU FWJEFODF DPOUSJCVUFT UIF FBSMJFTU BTTFNCMBHF PG CVSOU DMBZ QFMMFUT JO UIJT SF
HJPO 1BWMPW *O XF FYDBWBUFE GPVS USFODIFT "%
BU UIF TJUF 1BWMPW *4PVUIXFTU 4FRVFODF PG $ EBUFT UBLFO GSPN TFDUJPOT
JO USFODIFT " # BOE % EFNPOTUSBUF UIBU UIF (SBWFUUJBO DVMUVSBM EFQPTJUT GPSNFE HSBEVBMMZ XJUIJO UIF UJNFTQBO PG m LB #1 " MBSHF WPMVNF PG QBMFPCPUBOJDBM NBMBDP[PPMPHJDBM PTUFPMPHJDBM BOE BSUFGBDUVBM NBUFSJBM JT CFJOH SFDPSEFE BOE JT TUJMM CFJOH
TPSUFE ăJT TFRVFODF DPWFST OPU POMZ UIF &WPMWFE (SBWFUUJBO1BWMPWJBO BT SFDPSEFE EVSJOH QSFWJPVT FYDBWBUJPO CZ # ,MÎNB
CVU
BMTP FBSMJFS IJUIFSUP VOLOPXO (SBWFUUJBO PDDVQBUJPOT CFMPX BOE BO &61 "VSJHOBDJBO
JOEVTUSZ JO USFODI % EBUFE LB #1
BOE NBSLFE CZ B DIBOHF JO SBX NBUFSJBM BOE UZQPMPHZ $PNNFOUT PO UIF (SBWFUUJBO PSJHJO 5SBEJUJPOBMMZ UIF (SBWFUUJBO PSJHJO JO
&VSPQF IBT CFFO DPOTJEFSFE BT POF PG UIF DIBOHFT XJUIJO B DPOUJOVPVT 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD EFWFMPQNFOU )FSF XF QMBDF UIF (SBWFU
UJBO JO DPOUFYU PG FBSMZ NPEFSO IVNBO NJHSBUJPOT JOUP &VSPQF BOE JOUFSQSFU JU BT UIF đOBM TUBHF PG UIF .JEEMFUP6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD
USBOTJUJPO 5XP NBKPS TUSFBNT PG UFDIOPMPHJDBM FYQBOTJPO NBZ CF USBDFE GSPN "GSJDB UP OPSUIFSO &VSBTJB CFUXFFO LZ #1 JF
QSJPS UP UIF "VSJHOBDJBO BOE (SBWFUUJBO
UIF -FWBMMPJTMFQUPMJUIJD BOE UIF CBDLFE CMBEFNJDSPCMBEF UFDIOPMPHZ 4VċDJFOU BUUFO
UJPO IBT BMSFBEZ CFFO QBJE UP FYQBOTJPO PG UIF đSTU TUSFBN GSPN OPSUI "GSJDB PWFS FBTUFSO QBSUT PG &VSPQF UP DFOUSBM BOE OPSUI "TJB
ăF TFDPOE MJOF XJUI UIF CBDLFE CMBEFTNJDSPCMBEFT BOE NJDSPMJUIT NBZ CF USBDFE JO TFWFSBM WBSJFUJFT PWFS UIF .FEJUFSSBOFBO "I
NBSJBO %BCCB 6MV[[JBO $IBUFMQFSSPOJBO 1SPUPBVSJHOBDJBO'VNBOJBO
TIPXJOH B UFDIOPMPHJDBM USFOE GSPN MBSHFS CMBEFTĔBLFT
UPXBSET đOF CMBEFT ăF BOUISPQPMPHJDBM DPOUFYU JT DPOUSPWFSTJBM XIFSFBT UIF FBSMZ CBDLFE QPJOUT JO TPVUIFSO BOE FBTUFSO "GSJDB
BOE UIF 6MV[[JBO BQQFBS UP CF QSPEVDUT PG NPEFSO IVNBOT UIF $IBUFMQFSSPOJBO BQQBSFOUMZ PDDVST JO DPOUFYU PG MBUF /FBOEFSUBMT
.JHSBUJPO EJĈVTJPO BOE BDDVMUVSBUJPO NPEFMT TIPVME CF DPOTJEFSFE BOE UFTUFE GSPN DBTF UP DBTF )FSF XF BSHVF UIBU UIF FBSMZ
CBDLFE CMBEF FYQBOTJPO CFUXFFO LB #1 QFSJPE CFDPNFT JNQPSUBOU JG XF TFBSDI GPS UIF SPPUT PG UIF (SBWFUUJBO BĕFS LB #1
BO FOUJUZ TFDVSFMZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI NPEFSO IVNBO GPTTJM SFDPSE
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI JT QBSU PG UIF &6 QSPHSBNNF '*5&".1 $; 'PSNBUJPO PG *OUFSOBUJPOBM
5FBN PO &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ PG UIF .PSBWJBO 1PQVMBUJPOT
161
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO ă 4QSVDF BOE QJOF m OFX JOWFTUJHBUJPOT PO UIF XPPEFO XFBQPOT PG 4DIÕOJOHFO -PXFS 4BYPOZ (FSNBOZ
ăPNBT 5FSCFSHFS1 6U[ #ÕIOFS1 1BTDBMF 3JDIUFS1 8FSOFS 4DIPDI2
/JFEFSTÅDITJTDIFT -BOEFTBNU GÛS %FOLNBMQĔFHF p -BCPS GÛS RVBSUÅSF )ÕM[FS
4JODF UIF MPXFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD TJUF PG 4DIÕOJOHFO JO -PXFS 4BYPOZ OPSUIFSO (FSNBOZ FYDBWBUFE CZ ) ăJFNF JT XPSME GBNPVT
GPS UIF đOEJOHT PG FYDFMMFOU QSFTFSWFE XPPEFO UPPMT BOE XFBQPOT ăF TJUF 4DIÕOJOHFO ** QSPWJEFE B TFRVFODF PG TFEJNFOU
DZDMFT PG B GPSNFS MBLF TIPSF EBUFE UP BO JOUFSHMBDJBM BCPVU ZFBST BHP XIJDI JT BTTJHOFE UP 0*4 TUBHF /JOF TQFBST POF
TNBMMFS UISPXJOH TUJDL BOE POF MBODF XFSF GPVOE JO MFWFM iTQFBS IPSJ[POu
UPHFUIFS XJUI MPUT PG BOJNBM CPOFT XJUI NBOZ USBDFT
PG CVUDIFSJOH )PSTF XBT UIF QSFZ PG DIPJDF CVU BMTP PUIFS IFSCJWPSFT XFSF IVOUFE 8IJMF ) ăJFNF TVHHFTUFE B TJOHMF NBKPS
IVOUJOH FWFOU UIFSF JT JODSFBTJOH FWJEFODF GPS SFQFBUFE WJTJUT PG UIF GPSNFS MBLF TIPSF EVSJOH UIF MBUF QIBTF PG UIF JOUFSHMBDJBM 8PSL
JT JO QSPHSFTT UP JOWFTUJHBUF B GVSUIFS QBSU PG MFWFM XIJDI XBT EFUFDUFE EVSJOH SFDFOU đFME XPSL "MUIPVHI đFME XPSL JO UIF T
XBT DPOEVDUFE VOEFS UJNF QSFTTVSF BMM XPPEFO SFNBJOT XFSF EPDVNFOUFE BOE DPMMFDUFE GPS GVUVSF BOBMZTJT 4JODF UIFO IVOESFET
PG XPPEFO SFNBJOT XFSF DBSFGVMMZ TUPSFE JO XBUFS CZ . -FINBO BOE UFBN JO UIF 4UBUF "HFODZ GPS $VMUVSBM )FSJUBHF PG -PXFS
4BYPOZ %VSJOH UIF MBTU ZFBST UIPVTBOET PG CPUBOJDBM NBDSP SFNBJOT IBWF CFFO JEFOUJđFE QSPWJEJOH UIF JNBHF PG UZQJDBM MBLF TIPSF
WFHFUBUJPO *O DPOUSBTU UIF XPPEFO XFBQPOT XFSF FYDMVTJWFMZ NBEF PG TQSVDF BOE QJOF Y
ăFZ TIPX TJHOT PG DPPMJOH HSPXUI
DPOEJUJPOT BOE XFSF JNQPSUFE UP UIF TJUF 4JODF XPSL JT JO QSPHSFTT CZ 1 3JDIFS BOE 8 4DIPDI BJNJOH PO UIF TZTUFNBUJD
JEFOUJđDBUJPO PG GVSUIFS QPTTJCMF XPSLFE XPPEFO PCKFDUT GSPN MFWFM "NPOH UIF SFNBJOT UIFSF JT B DPOTJEFSBCMF OVNCFS PG PUIFS
QJFDFT PG TQSVDF BOE QJOF ăF UBML XJMM QSFTFOU SFTVMUT PG UIJT POHPJOH BOBMZTJT BOE EJTDVTT UIF FWJEFODF PO UIF CBDLHSPVOE PG UIF
XFBQPOT .BQQJOH PG UIF TQSVDF BOE QJOF SFNBJOT JT DPOđSNJOH UIFJS DMPTF SFMBUJPOTIJQ UP IVNBO BDUJWJUJFT BOE JT DPOUSJCVUJOH UP
UIF CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF UBQIPOPNJDBM QSPDFTTFT BU UIF GPSNFS MBLF TIPSF ăF UBML XJMM BMTP EJTDVTT OFX XPSLFE XPPEFO
PCKFDUT
3FGFSFODFT<> 4DIPDI 8) #JHHB ( #ÕIOFS 6 3JDIUFS 1 5FSCFSHFS 5 JO QSFTT /FX JOTJHIUT PO UIF XPPEFO XFBQPOT GSPN UIF 1BMFPMJUIJD TJUF PG
4DIÕOJOHFO +PVSOBM PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO JO QSFTT
<> ăJFNF ) -PXFS 1BMFPMJUIJD IVOUJOH TQFBST GSPN (FSNBOZ /BUVSF <> ăJFNF ) %JF 4DIÕOJOHFS 4QFFSF .FOTDI VOE +BHE WPS +BISFO /JFEFSTÅDITJTDIFT -BOEFTBNU GÛS %FOLNBMQĔFHF )BOOPWFS ăFJTT
7FSMBH 4UVUUHBSU
162
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 9SBZ NJDSPUPNPHSBQIJDCBTFE TUSVDUVSBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF EFOUBM SFNBJOT GSPN UIF .PVTUFSJBO BOE
"VSJHOBDJBO MFWFMT PG UIF 'PTTFMMPOF DBWF -BUJVN *UBMZ
$MBVEJP 5VOJ[1,2 'FEFSJDP #FSOBSEJOJ1 -VDB #POEJPMJ3 "MGSFEP $PQQB4 %JFHP %SFPTTJ5 3PCFSUP .BDDIJBSFMMJ6,7 -VDJB
.BODJOJ5 $MÊNFOU ;BOPMMJ1
.VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ -BCPSBUPSZ ăF "CEVT 4BMBN *OUFSOBUJPOBM $FOUSF GPS ăFPSFUJDBM 1IZTJDT 5SJFTUF *UBMZ p $FOUSF GPS
"SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 8PMMPOHPOH "VTUSBMJB p 4F[JPOF EJ #JPBSDIFPMPHJB .VTFP /B[JPOBMF 1SFJTUPSJDP
&UOPHSBđDP u- 1JHPSJOJu 3PNB *UBMZ p %JQBSUJNFOUP EJ #JPMPHJB "NCJFOUBMF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3PNB -B 4BQJFO[B *UBMZ p &MFUUSB4JODSPUSPOF 5SJFTUF 4$Q" 4:3.&1 (SPVQ #BTPWJ[[B *UBMZ p 6.3 $/34 .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF
/BUVSFMMF 1BSJT 'SBODF p %ÊQBSUFNFOU (ÊPTDJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUÊ EF 1PJUJFST 'SBODF
ăF -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF EFQPTJU PG UIF 'PTTFMMPOF DBWF .POUF $JSDFP TPVUIFSO -BUJVN *UBMZ
DPOUBJOT B TUSBUJHSBQIJD TFRVFODF DIBS
BDUFSJ[FE CZ MFWFMT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI .PVTUFSJBO JOEVTUSZ PWFSMBJE CZ TUSBUB XJUI "VSJHOBDJBO TUPOF BSUFGBDUT " IVNBO NBOEJCVMBS
GSBHNFOU BOE UISFF JTPMBUFE MPXFS QFSNBOFOU UFFUI DVSSFOUMZ JEFOUJđFE BT -1 -. BOE -. XFSF SFDPWFSFE GSPN UIF VQQFS
.PVTUFSJBO MFWFM EVSJOH BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FYDBWBUJPOT DBSSJFE PVU JO <> 1SFWJPVTMZ LOPXO BT $JSDFP UIJT TFU PG TQFDJNFOT
JT OPX DPMMFDUJWFMZ OBNFE 'PTTFMMPOF <> *O UIF TBNF FYDBWBUJPO DBNQBJHOT GSPN UIF "VSJHOBDJBO MFWFMT XFSF BMTP SFDPWFSFE B
IVNBO TDBQVMBS QPSUJPO 'PTTFMMPOF BOE B QBSUJBM SJHIU NBYJMMB 'PTTFMMPOF CFBSJOH UIF QFSNBOFOU 3. BOE 3. <> ăF
TQFDJNFOT GPSNJOH UIF 'PTTFMMPOF HSPVQ BSF NPSF MJLFMZ SFGFSBCMF UP B TJOHMF KVWFOJMF JOEJWJEVBM XIJMF UIF 'PTTFMMPOF NBYJMMBSZ
GSBHNFOU BOE UFFUI TBNQMF BO BEPMFTDFOU <> *O PSEFS UP WFSJGZ UIFJS UBYPOPNJD BUUSJCVUJPO PSJHJOBMMZ CBTFE PO PVUFS NPSQIPMPHZ
JO UXP EFOUBM FMFNFOUT GSPN 'PTTFMMPOF -. BOE -.
BOE 'PTTFMMPOF XFSF JNBHFE CZ 9SBZ NJDSPUPNPHSBQIZ BU UIF
5PNPMBC TUBUJPO PG UIF &MFUUSB m 4JODSPUSPOF 5SJFTUF MBCPSBUPSZ #BTPWJ[[B 54
*UBMZ
BDDPSEJOH UP UIF GPMMPXJOH QBSBNFUFST L7 WPMUBHF " DVSSFOU NN PG "M đMUFS BOE B QSPKFDUJPO FBDI UP PWFS B TBNQMF SPUBUJPO ăF đOBM WPMVNFT
XFSF SFDPOTUSVDUFE XJUI BO JTPUSPQJD WPYFM TJ[F SBOHJOH GSPN UP N 'PMMPXJOH B TFNJBVUPNBUJD TFHNFOUBUJPO UPPUI DSPXO
UJTTVF QSPQPSUJPOT XFSF BTTFTTFE JODMVEJOH UIF SFMBUJWF FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT JOEFY <3&5> TFF <>
BOE FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT EJTUSJCVUJPO
NBQT XFSF DPNQVUFE #PUI .T 'PTTFMMPOF BOE BSF NPEFSBUFMZ XPSO XIJMF UIF DPSSFTQPOEJOH .T BSF BMNPTU VOXPSO UIVT
BMMPXJOH GPS B SFMJBCMF RVBOUJUBUJWF BTTFTTNFOU PG % DSPXO UJTTVF QSPQPSUJPOT *O UIF DBTF PG UIF -. PG 'PTTFMMPOF UIF BQJDBM
QPSUJPO PG UIF TMJHIUMZ XPSO QSPUPDPOJE NFUBDPOJE BOE FOUPDPOJE EFOUJOF IPSOT XFSF SFDPOTUSVDUFE (FPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD
BOBMZTFT XFSF QFSGPSNFE PO UXP TFUT PG TFWFO MBOENBSLT QMBDFE PO UIF &%+ PG BMM UIF JOWFTUJHBUFE TQFDJNFOT 8F DPNQBSBUJWFMZ
VTFE TJNJMBS FWJEFODF GSPN VQQFS BOE MPXFS QFSNBOFOU NPMBST SFQSFTFOUJOH /FBOEFSUIBMT /
BOE SFDFOU IVNBOT /
0VS BOBMZTJT DMFBSMZ TFUT UIF 'PTTFMMPOF MPXFS . 3&5 DMPTF UP UIF /FBOEFSUIBM BWFSBHF -. 3&5 CVU BU UIF
JOGFSJPS MJNJU PG UIF NPEFSO IVNBO SBOHF $POWFSTFMZ UIF 'PTTFMMPOF NBYJMMBSZ . 3&5 GBMMT XJUIJO UIF
FYUBOU IVNBO WBSJBUJPO BOE FYDFFET UIBU PG /FBOEFSUIBMT ăF FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT EJTUSJCVUJPO DBSUPHSBQIJFT
PG 'PTTFMMPOF NPMBST SFWFBM UIF UZQJDBM /FBOEFSUIBM SFQBSUJUJPO QBUUFSO XIJMF UIPTF PG 'PTTFMMPOF TIPX B SFMBUJWFMZ UIJDLFS PD
DMVTBM FOBNFM BT JO NPEFSO IVNBOT 3FTVMUT PG UIF (. BOBMZTFT PG UIF &%+ TIBQF TIPX UXP EJTUJODU QBUUFSOT PG NPMBS EFOUJOF
IPSO IFJHIU BOE QPTJUJPO UIF /FBOEFSUIBM POF CFJOH BTTPDJBUFE UP B TMJHIUMZ IJHIFS &%+ UPQPHSBQIZ BOE UP B NPSF NFTJPEJTUBMMZ
FMPOHBUFE PDDMVTBM CBTJO XIJMF NPEFSO IVNBOT IBWF SFMBUJWFMZ CVDDPMJOHVBMMZ MBSHFS DSPXOT "HBJO 'PTTFMMPOF NPMBST GBMM XJUIJO
PS WFSZ DMPTF UP
UIF /FBOEFSUIBM TIBQF TQBDF BOE GBS BQBSU GSPN UIF SFDFOU IVNBO POF XIFSFBT 'PTTFMMPOF JT PVUTJEF UIF SBOHF
PG CPUI HSPVQT CVU NVDI DMPTFS UP UIF NPEFSO DPOGPSNBUJPO *O DPODMVTJPO PVS % BOBMZTFT PG UIF 'PTTFMMPOF EFOUBM BTTFNCMBHF
DPOđSN UIBU JU TBNQMFT UXP EJTUJODU IVNBO HSPVQT 'PTTFMMPOF SFQSFTFOUJOH B /FBOEFSUIBM BOE 'PTTFMMPOF BO BOBUPNJDBMMZ NPE
FSO IVNBO JOEJWJEVBM
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT *TUJUVUP *UBMJBOP EJ 1BMFPOUPMPHJB 6NBOB 3PNB . 3VCJOJ " ;BSBUUJOJ 4PQSJOUFOEFO[B QFS J #FOJ "SDIF
PMPHJDJ EFM -B[JP 3PNB &9"$5 1SPKFDU GVOEFE CZ UIF 3FHJPOF 'SJVMJ7FOF[JB (JVMJB
3FGFSFODFT<> "MDJBUJ ( 1FTDF %FMđOP 7 7BDDB & $BUBMPHVF PG *UBMJBO GPTTJM IVNBO SFNBJOT GSPN UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD UP UIF .FTPMJUIJD +
"OUISPQPM 4DJ TVQQM
<> #JFUUJ " .BO[J ( 1SPQPTBM GPS B OFX EFOPNJOBUJPO PG UIF .POUF $JSDFP IPNJOJET *O #JFUUJ " .BO[J
( &ET
ăF 'PTTJM .BO PG .POUF $JSDFP 'JĕZ :FBST PG 4UVEJFT PO ăF /FBOEFSUBMT JO -BUJVN õVBUFSOBSJB /POB <> .BMMFHOJ ' 4FHSF
/BMEJOJ & " IVNBO NBYJMMB 'PTTFMMPOF BOE TDBQVMB 'PTTFMMPOF SFDPWFSFE JO UIF 1MFJTUPDFOF MBZFST PG UIF 'PTTFMMPOF DBWF .U $JSDFP *UBMZ
õVBU /PWB <> 0MFKOJD[BL "+ 4NJUI 5. 'FFOFZ 3/. .BDDIJBSFMMJ 3 .B[VSJFS " #POEJPMJ - 3PTBT " 'PSUFB + EF MB 3BTJMMB
. (BSDJB5BCFSOFSP " 3BEPWʃJʂ + 4LJOOFS .. 5PVTTBJOU . )VCMJO ++ %FOUBM UJTTVF QSPQPSUJPOT BOE FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT JO /FBOEFSUBM
BOE NPEFSO IVNBO NPMBST + )VN &WPM 163
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF "QQPTJUJPOBM "SUJDVMBS .PSQIPMPHZ PG UIF 5BMPDSVSBM +PJOU 3FĔFDUT 4VCTUSBUF 6TF 8JUIJO 4QFDJFT
"O &YBNJOBUJPO PG ăSFF $MPTFMZ 3FMBUFE )PNJOPJE 4QFDJFT
,FWJO 5VSMFZ1 4UFQIFO 'SPTU1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 0SFHPO
" NPTBJD PG BOLMF NPSQIPMPHZ BOE FWJEFODF PG SBQJE DIBOHF QVODUVBUF UIF 1MJP1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJE GPTTJM SFDPSE 1SFWJPVT TUVEJFT
VTJOH 4JOHVMBS 8BSQ BOBMZTJT IBWF TIPXO UIBU JO B EJWFSTF $BUBSSIJOF TBNQMF PG UBMPDSVSBM KPJOUT TVQFSGBNJMJFT SFTQPOE UP UFSSFT
USJBM PS BSCPSFBM VTF XJUI TJNJMBS TIBQF DIBOHFT BOE HFOFSB EJĈFS JO TIBQF JO SFTQPOTF UP UIJT TBNF CFIBWJPSBM TUJNVMVT 4JOHVMBS
8BSQ BOBMZTJT JT BO FĈFDUJWF UPPM GPS FYBNJOJOH UIF SFMBUJPO PG BOLMF BSUJDVMBS TIBQF UP TVCTUSBUF VTF ăF DVSSFOU TUVEZ FYBNJOFT
UIF VQQFS BOLMF KPJOU TIBQF PG UISFF DMPTFMZ SFMBUFE FYUBOU TQFDJFT BOE UIF FĈFDU PG TVCTUSBUF VTF CFIBWJPS
ăF TUVEZ HSPVQ XBT
TQFDJNFOT BEVMUT BOE TVCBEVMUT
GSPN UISFF DPNQBSBCMZ TJ[FE BEVMU IPNJOJE TQFDJFT 1BO QBOJTDVT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT
XJUI TVCTQFDJFT WFSVT USPHMPEZUFT TDIXFJOGVSUIJJ
BOE )PNP TBQJFOT BEVMU QPQVMBUJPOT
UI $FOUVSZ $JUZ %XFMMFST /FX
.FYJDP $MJĈ %XFMMFST < #1> &HZQUJBO %FTFSU.BSJUJNF < #1> "MBTLBO "SUJD.BSJUJNF < #1> $BMJGPS
OJB $PBTUBM )VOUFS(BUIFSFST < #1>
4QFDJNFOT PG EJTUBM UJCJBF BOE NBUDIFE UBMJ XFSF MBTFS TDBOOFE BOE UXFOUZTFWFO
MBOENBSLT UBMBS BOE UJCJBM
XFSF QMBDFE VTJOH -BOENBSL &EJUPS TPĕXBSF (FOFSBMJ[FE 1SPDSVTUFT BOBMZTJT .VMUJWBSJBUF 3F
HSFTTJPO 3FMBUJWF 8BSQT BOE 4JOHVMBS 8BSQ BOBMZTJT XFSF FNQMPZFE 4JOHVMBS XBSQ BOBMZTJT GPVOE OP USBKFDUPSZ PG UBMPDSVSBM KPJOU
TIBQF JO SFMBUJPO UP EFWFMPQNFOUBM BHF 3BUIFS FWJEFODF GPS BO FQJHFOFUJD FĈFDU BTTPDJBUFE XJUI JOEJWJEVBM TVCTUSBUF VTF XBT EF
UFDUFE JO UIF BEVMUT "MM TVCBEVMUT DMVTUFSFE XJUI NPSF BSCPSFBM BEVMUT TVHHFTUJOH BO BODFTUSBM BSCPSFBM BEBQUBUJPO 1BO QBOJTDVT IBE
BO BSCPSFBM QSPđMF XIJMF 1BO USPHMPEZUFT XBT UFSSFTUSJBM XJUI )PNP TBQJFOT %JĈFSFODFT XJUIJO 1BO USPHMPEZUFT BOE )PNP TBQJFOT
SFĔFDUFE EJĈFSJOH TVCTUSBUF VTF 1BO USPHMPEZUFT JO UIF TPVUIFSO $BNFSPPO IBE IVNBO DPOUBDU ZS #BLB
BOE XFSF NPSF
BSCPSFBM UIBO PUIFS TBNQMFT XIJMF )PNP TBQJFOT HMPCBM TVCTUSBUF VTF BOE UFDIOPMPHZ GPPUXFBS
QSPđMFT XFSF NBOJGFTU XJUI UIF
EJĈFSFODFT JO TIBQF JO CPUI UIF TVCTUSBUF JOWPMWFE BOE UIF FĈFDU PG UFDIOPMPHZ PO TVCTUSBUF VTF 4JOHVMBS XBSQ BOBMZTJT QSPWJEFT
JOTJHIUT JOUP UIF SFMBUJPO PG UBMPDSVSBM KPJOU TIBQF BOE CFIBWJPS XJUI GPSN SFĔFDUJOH TVCTUSBUF VTF )PNP TBQJFOT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT
BOE 1BO QBOJTDVT EFNPOTUSBUF UIF EJĈFSFODFT JO DMPTFMZ SFMBUFE UBYB 1BO QBOJTDVT TIPXT VOJGPSNJUZ PG TIBQF SFMBUFE UP BO BSCPSFBM
QSPđMF 1BO USPHMPEZUFT EFNPOTUSBUF DIBOHF EVF UP FOWJSPONFOUBM JOĔVFODFT BOE )PNP TBQJFOT QSPWJEF JOTJHIUT JOUP UIF NFDIB
OJTN PG TIBQF DIBOHF EVF UP UIF CFIBWJPSBM FĈFDU TVCTUSBUF VTF BT TVHHFTUFE JO UIF GPTTJM BTTFNCMBHF
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F BSF HSBUFGVM UP 8JMM )BSDPVSU4NJUI BOE &SJD %FMTPO PG UIF %FQBSUNFOU PG 7FSUFCSBUF 1BMFPOUPMPHZ
"./) GPS UIFJS BTTJTUBODF XJUI NBOZ BTQFDUT PG UIJT QSPKFDU BOE GPS QSPWJEJOH TPNF PG UIF IVNBOT BOE HSFBU BQFT TDBOT GSPN
UIF "./) 8F UIBOL &JMFFO 8FTUXJH BOE (JTTFMMF (BSDJB "./) :PIBOOFT )BJMF4FMBTTJF BOE -ZNBO +FMMFNB $./) 5FSSZ
,FOTMFS $13$ +VEJUI $IVQBTLP ).$; 5SBDZ %BNJU[ './) -JOEB , (PSEPO /./) %BSSJO 1 -VOEF /./) "OHFMB
(JMM 1PXFMM$PUUPO .VTFVN &NNBOVFM (JMJTTFO 3.$" BOE /BUBTIB +PIOTPO PG UIF 1" )FBSTU .VTFVN %FQBSUNFOU PG "O
UISPQPMPHZ 6$ #FSLFMFZ GPS BDDFTT UP UIFJS DPMMFDUJPOT BT XFMM BT 5JN 8IJUF BOE .JLF #MBDL GPS IFMQ XJUI UIF )FBSTU .VTFVN
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 0SFHPO /4' #$4
**4 BOE /*) (SBOU /P 1 33
164
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B ,JMM -PDBMJUZ BOE 4FUUMFNFOU B DPNQBSJTPO PG UXP .BHEBMFOJBO TJUF UZQFT
&MBJOF 5VSOFS1 .BSUJO 4USFFU1
.0/3&104 "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 3FTFBSDI $FOUSF BOE .VTVFN GPS )VNBO #FIBWJPVSBM &WPMVUJPO 3(;. /FVXJFE (FSNBOZ
8F QSFTFOU B DPNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTJT PG GBVOBM BTTFNCMBHFT GSPN UXP EJTUJODU UZQFT PG TJUFT PG UIF .BHEBMFOJBO QFSJPE UIF LJMMTJUF PG
3PDIF EF 4PMVUSÊ #VSHVOEZ 'SBODF
BOE UIF TFUUMFNFOU TJUF PG (ÕOOFSTEPSG /FVXJFE $FOUSBM 3IJOFMBOE (FSNBOZ
ăF TJUF BU
UIF CBTF PG UIF 3PDIF EF 4PMVUSÊ IBT CFFO EFTDSJCFE BT UIF iCFTUQSFTFSWFE FYBNQMF PG B MBSHFHBNF LJMMTJUF JO XFTUFSO &VSPQFu <>
XIJMF FYDBWBUJPOT BU (ÕOOFSTEPSG IBWF SFWFBMFE TPNF PG UIF NPTU DPNQMFUF MBUF 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD TFUUMFNFOU GFBUVSFT JO XFTUFSO
DFOUSBM &VSPQF JOUFSQSFUFE BT GPVS EJTUJODU EXFMMJOH TUSVDUVSFT #PUI MPDBMJUJFT QSPEVDFE SJDI BTTFNCMBHFT PG BOJNBM CPOFT JODMVE
JOH TPNF SFNBJOT BU (ÕOOFSTEPSG <> BOE GSPN FYDBWBUJPOT PG UIF .BHEBMFOJBO MFWFM BU 4PMVUSÊ <> 'PDVTTJOH PO UIF
SFTVMUT PG [PPBSDIBFPMPHJDBM BOBMZTFT VOEFSUBLFO BU CPUI MPDBMJUJFT BOE QSFTFOUJOH UIFTF EBUB BHBJOTU B CBDLHSPVOE PG PUIFS FWJEFODF
SFDPWFSFE BU UIF TJUFT BU (ÕOOFSTEPSG JODMVEJOH TUSVDUVSBM GFBUVSFT DPNQSJTJOH FMFNFOUT PG SPDLT MJUIJD BOE PSHBOJD BSUFGBDUT B
NBKPS DPSQVT PG đHVSBUJWF BSUw
XF JOWFTUJHBUF GVOEBNFOUBM EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF CPOF BTTFNCMBHFT XIJDI DPVME CF SFMBUFE UP UIF
EJĈFSFOUJBM VUJMJTBUJPO PG UIF TJUFT CZ .BHEBMFOJBOT "MUIPVHI UIF GBVOBT SFDPSEFE JO FBDI DBTF DBO CF DMBTTJđFE BT EJWFSTF IPSTF
EPNJOBUFT BU CPUI TJUFT JO UFSNT PG OVNCFST PG JEFOUJđFE TQFDJNFOT /*41
NJOJNVN OVNCFST PG JOEJWJEVBMT ./*
BOE PS JO
UFSNT PG JUT JNQPSUBODF JO UIF TVCTJTUFODF TUSBUFHJFT PG UIF TJUF PDDVQBOUT -BSHF OVNCFST PG JOEJWJEVBMT PG IPSTF XFSF QSFTFOU BU 4PMVUSÊ BOE BU (ÕOOFSTEPSG "U CPUI TJUFT UIF QSFTFODF PG BEVMU IPSTFT KVWFOJMFT BOE GPBMT TVHHFTUT UIBU UIF BOJNBMT XIJDI
XFSF LJMMFE BOE CVUDIFSFE XFSF NBJOMZ MJWJOH JO GBNJMZ HSPVQT " WFSZ EJĈFSFOU SFQSFTFOUBUJPO PG QBSUT PG UIF IPSTF TLFMFUPO XBT
PCTFSWFE BU UIF UXP TJUFT QIBMBOHFT BOE UFFUI EPNJOBUF BU (ÕOOFSTEPSG XIJMF UFFUI NBOEJCMFT TDBQVMBF BOE QFMWFT EPNJOBUF BU
4PMVUSÊ #PUI TJUFT XFSF DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ MPX GSFRVFODJFT PG IVNBO NPEJđDBUJPO DVU NBSLT IBNNFS TUPOFJOEVDFE OPUDIFT BOE
VTF PG SBX NBUFSJBM GPS B CPOF JOEVTUSZ
PO UIF IPSTF CPOFT *O UIF DBTF PG (ÕOOFSTEPSG UIJT JT WFSZ MJLFMZ MJOLFE UP QPPS QSFTFSWB
UJPO PG CPOF TVSGBDFT *O DPOUSBTU UIF CPOFT GSPN 4PMVUSÊ XFSF FYDFMMFOUMZ QSFTFSWFE B GBDU UIBU MFE UP TQFDVMBUJPO PO UIF SFBTPOT
GPS UIF EJTDSFQBODZ CFUXFFO UIF MBSHF OVNCFST PG IPSTF BOE UIF MBDL PG TUSPOH FWJEFODF PG CVUDIFSZ MPX JOUFOTJUZ PG FYQMPJUBUJPO
PS FYQFSUJTF PG UIF CVUDIFS
3FGFSFODFT<> 0MTFO 4 - 4PMVUSÊ " UIFPSFUJDBM BQQSPBDI UP UIF SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD IVOUJOH TUSBUFHJFT +PVSOBM PG )VNBO
&WPMVUJPO <> 4USFFU . 5VSOFS & ăF 'BVOBM 3FNBJOT GSPN (ÕOOFSTEPSG .POPHSBQIJFO EFT 3ÕNJTDI(FSNBOJTDIFO
;FOUSBMNVTFVNT #BOE 7FSMBH EFT 3ÕNJTDI(FSNBOJTDIFO ;FOUSBMNVTFVNT .BJO[ <> 5VSOFS & 4PMVUSÊ BO BSDIBFP[PPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG
UIF .BHEBMFOJBO IPSJ[PO .POPHSBQIJFO EFT 3ÕNJTDI(FSNBOJTDIFO ;FOUSBMNVTFVNT #BOE 7FSMBH EFT 3ÕNJTDI(FSNBOJTDIFO ;FOUSBMNVTFVNT
.BJO[
165
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S %PSTBM DBOUJOH JO IVNBO QFEBM BOE NBOVBM QSPYJNBM QIBMBOHFT EPFT OPU DPWBSZ BO BMUFSOBUJWF
FYQMBOBUJPO GPS IJHI EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO NBOVBM QIBMBOHFT
"OOFLF ) WBO )FUFSFO1 'MPSFOU %ÊUSPJU2 .BSUJO 'SJFTT2 "OUPJOF #BM[FBV2
6OJWFSTJUÅU #POO p .VTÊVN OBUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF
4FWFSBM GFBUVSFT PG QIBMBOHFT TVDI BT UIF EFHSFF PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH IBWF CFFO TIPXO UP CF SFMBUFE UP MPDPNPUPSZ CFIBWJPVS *O
QSJNBUFT JODSFBTFE EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO UIF NBOVBM QIBMBOHFT JT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI JODSFBTFE RVBESVQFEBM CFIBWJPVS XIFSFBT NPSF QBM
NBSMZ PSJFOUFE QSPYJNBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDFT BSF BTTPDJBUFE XJUI TVTQFOTPSZ CFIBWJPVS <> *O QFEBM QIBMBOHFT UIF EFHSFF PG EPSTBM
DBOUJOH IBT CFFO VTFE UP JOGFS CJQFEBMJTN < > $PWBSJBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF EFHSFF PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO QFEBM BOE NBOVBM QSPYJNBM
QIBMBOHFT IPXFWFS IBT OPU ZFU CFFO TUVEJFE BMUIPVHI UIF SFMBUJWFMZ IJHI EFHSFF PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO IVNBO QIBMBOHFT SFMBUJWF
UP PUIFS BOUISPQPJET IBT CFFO IZQPUIFTJTFE UP CF DBVTFE CZ IBOE BOE GPPU CPOFT CFJOH TFSJBMMZ IPNPMPHPVT XJUI TJNJMBS EFWFM
PQNFOUBM QBUIXBZT <> )FSF UIJT IZQPUIFTJT JT UFTUFE 5P UIJT QVSQPTF QIBMBOHFT PG BTTPDJBUFE BEVMU NPEFSO IVNBO )PNP
TBQJFOT
IBOET BOE GFFU TUPSFE BU UIF .VTÊVN OBUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF 1BSJT
BOE UIF /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO
XFSF TUVEJFE 4QFDJNFOT GSPN BMM DPOUJOFOUT FYDFQU PG DPVSTF "OUBSDUJDB
XFSF SFQSFTFOUFE JO UIF BOBMZTFT 1SPYJNBM QIBMBOHFT
XFSF EJHJUJTFE VTJOH B /FYU&OHJOF TVSGBDF TDBOOFS BOE DPOWFSUFE UP TVSGBDF NPEFMT VTJOH (FPNBHJD ăSFF MBOENBSLT XFSF EJHJ
UJ[FE PO UIF % TVSGBDF NPEFMT PG UIF QIBMBOHFT VTJOH -BOENBSL XIJDI XFSF DIPTFO UP SFĔFDU UIF EFHSFF PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH ăF
BOHMF CFUXFFO UIF MPOH BYJT PG UIF CPOF BOE UIF QSPYJNBM BSUJDVMBS TVSGBDF XBT DBMDVMBUFE VTJOH UIF 1ZUIBHPSFBO ăFPSFN #JWBSJBUF
DPSSFMBUJPO BOBMZTFT XFSF DPOEVDUFE POUP UIF BOHMFT JO 4144 1FBSTPOT DPSSFMBUJPO DPFċDJFOUT PG UIF CJWBSJBUF DPSSFMBUJPO BOBMZTFT
XFSF OFHBUJWF XFBL ȕ
BOE JOTJHOJđDBOU Qȕ
GPS FWFSZ SBZ ăJT DMFBSMZ JOEJDBUFT UIBU EPSTBM DBOUJOH PG UIF NBOVBM BOE
UIF QFEBM QIBMBOHFT EPFT OPU DPWBSZ "T B DPOTFRVFODF UIF PCTFSWFE IJHI EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO IVNBO NBOVBM QIBMBOHFT SFRVJSFT BO
BMUFSOBUJWF FYQMBOBUJPO "MUIPVHI UIF DVSSFOU EBUB EP OPU BMMPX GPS B EFđOJUJWF BOTXFS UIFSF BSF TFWFSBM QPTTJCJMJUJFT )JHI EFHSFFT
PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO IVNBO NBOVBM QSPYJNBM QIBMBOHFT NJHIU CF EVF UP DPWBSJBUJPO XJUI PUIFS FMFNFOUT UIBO UIF QFEBM QIBMBOHFT
TVDI BT UIF NFUBDBSQBMT UP BTTVSF QSPQFS GVODUJPOBMJUZ ăJT DPVME CF WFSJđFE CZ EJHJUJTJOH PUIFS CPOFT JO UIF IBOE BOE TUBUJTUJDBMMZ
UFTUJOH GPS UIF QPUFOUJBM QSFTFODF PG DPWBSJBUJPO "MUFSOBUJWFMZ IJHI EFHSFFT PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH JO IVNBO NBOVBM QSPYJNBM QIBMBOHFT
NBZ CF SFMBUFE UP UPPM VTF ăJT DPVME CF UFTUFE FJUIFS JO WJĂP %P QFPQMF XJUI IJHIFS EFHSFFT PG EPSTBM DBOUJOH EJTQMBZ IJHIFS EFHSFFT
PG EFYUFSJUZ PS PO GPTTJM NBUFSJBM %PFT UIF EFHSFF PG NBOVBM EPSTBM DBOUJOH QBSBMMFM UPPM EFWFMPQNFOU UISPVHI UJNF "EEJUJPO
BMMZ DPNQBSJTPOT XJUI PUIFS QSJNBUFT DPVME CF WFSZ JOGPSNBUJWF BT UIF QBUUFSO PG DPWBSJBUJPO NBZ EFQFOE PO MPDPNPUPSZ IBCJUT PS
UIF FYUFOU PG DPWBSJBUJPO JO QFEBM BOE NBOVBM EPSTBM DBOUJOH NBZ IBWF CFFO EJNJOJTIFE BU TPNF QPJOU JO UIF IVNBO FWPMVUJPOBSZ
MJOFBHF SFMBUJWF UP UIF HFOFSBM QSJNBUF QBUUFSO BOE QPUFOUJBMMZ UIF HFOVT "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăF BVUIPST BSF HSBUFGVM UP " 'SPNFOU 1 .FOOFDJFS " 'PSU 7 -BCPSEF BOE - )VFU GPS IFMQ XJUI UIF
TQFDJNFOT TUPSFE BU UIF .VTÊVN OBUJPOBM E)JTUPJSF OBUVSFMMF JO 1BSJT BOE 3 ,SVT[ZOTLJ GPS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTT UP UIF TLFMFUBM NB
UFSJBM JO UIF DPMMFDUJPOT PG UIF /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN JO -POEPO ăF BVUIPST XPVME BMTP MJLF UP UIBOL " (PTTF[ GPS EJHJUJTJOH
QBSU PG UIF TBNQMF VTFE IFSFJO BOE ( #FSJMMPO GPS WBMVBCMF BEWJDF ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ UIF $FOUSF OBUJPOBM EF MB 3FDIFSDIF
TDJFOUJđRVF UISPVHI UIF MBCFY #$%JW i%JWFSTJUÊT CJPMPHJRVFT FU DVMUVSFMMFT 0SJHJOFT &WPMVUJPO *OUFSBDUJPOT %FWFOJSu
3FGFSFODFT<> 3FJO 53 .D$BSUZ -" .FUBDBSQPQIBMBOHFBM KPJOU PSJFOUBUJPO JO BOUISPQPJE NBOVBM QIBMBOHFT ăF "OBUPNJDBM 3FDPSE
"EWBODFT JO *OUFHSBUJWF "OBUPNZ BOE &WPMVUJPOBSZ #JPMPHZ <> -BUJNFS # -PWFKPZ $0 .FUBUBSTPQIBMBOHFBM KPJOUT PG
"VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT BGBSFOTJT "NFSDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ m <> %VODBO "4 ,BQQFMNBO + 4IBQJSP -+ .FUBUBSTPQIBMBOHFBM
KPJOU GVODUJPO BOE QPTJUJPOBM CFIBWJPS JO "VTUSBMPQJUIFDVT BGBSFOTJT "NFSDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ m <> (SJċO /- 3JDINPOE
#( +PJOU PSJFOUBUJPO BOE GVODUJPO JO HSFBU BQF BOE IVNBO QSPYJNBM QFEBM QIBMBOHFT "NFSJDBO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ m
166
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S ăF uGPSHPUUFOu 1BMBFPMJUIJD IVNBO SFNBJOT GSPN UIF TJUF PG 3PDFO1BJM 'SBODF
3FBTTFTTNFOU PG UIF
BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPOUFYU BOE UBYPOPNJDBM EJBHOPTJT B OFX /FBOEFSUBM IVNFSVT
$ISJTUJOF 7FSOB1 "OUPOJP 3PTBT2 -BVSB 1FSF[$SJBEP2 +FBO1IJMJQQF 'BJWSF3 4BISB 5BMBNP4 4VTBOOB 4BXZFS 5 #FOFEJDUF
7PFMU[FM6 4ZMWBJO 4PSJBOP7
$/34613 %ZOBNJRVF EF M&WPMVUJPO )VNBJOF 1BSJT 'SBODF p (SPVQ PG 1BMFPBOUISPQPMPHZ ./$/$4*$ .VTFP /BDJPOBM EF $JFODJBT /BUVSBMFT$4*$ .BESJE 4QBJO p $/34 6.3 1"$&" 5BMFODF 'SBODF p %FQBSUNFOU
PG )VNBO &WPMVUJPO .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG &WPMVUJPOBSZ
(FOFUJDT .BY 1MBODL *OTUJUVUF GPS &WPMVUJPOBSZ "OUISPQPMPHZ -FJQ[JH (FSNBOZ p */3"1 $FOUSF *MF EF 'SBODF 1BOUJO
'SBODF p $/34 6.3 "S4D"O "O5&5 /BOUFSSF 'SBODF
"MUIPVHI EJTDPWFSFE BU UIF FOE PG UIF UI DFOUVSZ BOE FYDBWBUFE JO UIF NJEUI DFOUVSZ UIF TJUF PG 3PDFO1BJM .BJOFFU-PJSF
'SBODF
SFNBJOT MBSHFMZ VOLOPXO *U ZJFMEFE B N EFFQ BSDIFPMPHJDBM TFRVFODF XJUI TJY MBZFST QSPWJEJOH .JEEMF 1BMBFPMJUIJD JOEVT
USJFT BT XFMM BT TPNF USBDFT PG 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD *O BEEJUJPO UISFF IVNBO SFNBJOT XFSF GPVOE JO UIF MBUF T B EJTUBM GSBHNFOU
PG IVNFSVT B GSBHNFOU PG NBYJMMB BOE BO JTPMBUFE VQQFS NPMBS HFSN *O B TIPSU OPUF QVCMJTIFE JO <> . (SVFU BUUSJCVUFE
UIFTF IVNBO SFNBJOT UP NPEFSO IVNBOT EFTQJUF UIFJS BTTPDJBUJPO XJUI .PVTUFSJBO JOEVTUSJFT ăFZ XFSF IPXFWFS OFWFS EFTDSJCFE
JO EFUBJMT OPS SFBTTFTTFE TJODF UIJT TIPSU QVCMJDBUJPO "MUIPVHI UIF NBYJMMB GSBHNFOU JT OPX MPTU UIF VQQFS NPMBS BOE UIF IVNFSVT
GSBHNFOU BSF QSFTFOU JO UIF DPMMFDUJPOT PG UIF OBUVSBM IJTUPSZ NVTFVN PG UIF DJUZ PG "OHFST -JUIJDT GBVOB BT XFMM BT OPUFCPPLT
GSPN UIF T FYDBWBUJPOT BSF BMTP QBSU PG UIF DPMMFDUJPOT " OFX BOBMZTJT PG UIFTF IVNBO SFNBJOT BT XFMM BT B SFBTTFTTNFOU PG
UIFJS BSDIFPTUSBUJHSBQIJD DPOUFYU XBT UIVT OFFEFE BOE QPTTJCMF 0VS SFWJTJPO PG UIF BSDIFPMPHJDBM TFRVFODF BT XFMM BT UIF TUVEZ PG
UIF FYDBWBUJPO OPUFCPPLT GSPN UIF MBUF T BMMPX VT UP QSFTFOU IFSF B SFBTTFTTNFOU PG UIF BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DPOUFYU PG UIF IVNBO
SFNBJOT 0VS SFTVMUT DPOđSN UIF BTTPDJBUJPO PG UIF IVNBO SFNBJOT XJUI .PVTUFSJBO UFDIOPDPNQMFYFT ăF NBYJMMB BOE UIF JTP
MBUFE UPPUI BSF XFMM MPDBUFE JO B %FOUJDVMBUF .PVTUFSJBO MBZFS ăF MPDBUJPO PG UIF IVNFSVT JT MFTT BDDVSBUF CVU UIF EBUB TVHHFTU BO
BUUSJCVUJPO UP B õVJOB UZQF .PVTUFSJBO MBZFS /FYU XF QSPWJEF UIF SFTVMUT PG B NPSQIPMPHJDBM BOBMZTJT PG UIF IVNFSVT 0VS TUVEZ
JODMVEFT % NFUSJDT BOE % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT ăF IVNFSVT GSPN 3PDFO1BJM JT DPNQBSFE UP TBNQMFT PG /FBOEFSUBMT
1MFJTUPDFOF NPEFSO IVNBOT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI 6QQFS 1BMBFPMJUIJD JOEVTUSJFT BOE SFDFOU IVNBOT GSPN IJTUPSJDBM QFSJPET
ăF GSBH
NFOU PG IVNFSVT GSPN 3PDFO1BJM JT B EJTUBM GSBHNFOU UIBU JODMVEFT NPTU PG UIF EJTUBM FQJQIZTJT BOE B TNBMM QPSUJPO PG UIF EJBQIZTJT
ăF NFEJBM FQJDPOEZMF JT IPXFWFS NJTTJOH % NFUSJDT UIVT FODPNQBTT MJOFBS NFBTVSFNFOUT PG UIF PMFDSBOPO GPTTB USPDIMFB DB
QJUVMVN BOE EJTUPEPSTBM QJMMBST ăF % HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD (.
BOBMZTFT BSF CBTFE PO MBOENBSL DPOđHVSBUJPOT 'PS FBDI
EJTUBM FQJQIZTJT IPNPMPHPVT MBOENBSLT XFSF NFBTVSFE <> 'PS 3PDFO1BJM UXP MBOENBSLT MPDBUFE PO UIF NFEJBM FQJDPOEZMF
XFSF FTUJNBUFE CZ NFBO SFHSFTTJPO BOE TQMJOF ăFTF UISFF NFUIPET PG FTUJNBUJPO HJWF B WFSZ TJNJMBS SFTVMU "ĕFS 1BSUJBM 1SPDSVTUFT
TVQFSJNQPTJUJPO 1SJODJQBM $PNQPOFOU "OBMZTFT VTJOH PS MBOENBSLT XFSF SVO ăF % (. BOBMZTFT VTJOH PS MBOE
NBSLT EJTDSJNJOBUF XFMM /FBOEFSUBMT GSPN SFDFOU IVNBOT BOE 3PDFO1BJM GBMMT XJUIJO UIF /FBOEFSUBM SBOHF PO CPUI BOBMZTFT 0VS
SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU UIF IVNFSVT GSPN 3PDFO1BJM TIBSFT XJUI /FBOEFSUBMT B XJEF PMFDSBOPO GPTTB BOE OBSSPX EJTUPEPSTBM QJMMBST B
DBQJUVMVN SBUIFS TIPSU USBOTWFSTBMMZ BT XFMM BT B USPDIMFB UIBU JT NPSF IPSJ[POUBM UIBO PO 1MFJTUPDFOF BOE SFDFOU NPEFSO IVNBOT
"MM UPHFUIFS PVS SFTVMUT FTUBCMJTI VOFRVJWPDBMMZ 3PDFO1BJM BT B NFNCFS PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM HSPVQ 0OHPJOH XPSL BMTP JODMVEFT
NPSQIPMPHJDBM BOBMZTFT PG UIF VQQFS NPMBS ".4 EBUJOH PG UIF TUSBUJHSBQIZ BOE PG UIF IVNFSVT BT XFMM BT %/" BOBMZTFT
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT 8F XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL UIF /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN PG "OHFST BOE JO QBSUJDVMBS #FOPJU .FMMJFS GPS HJWJOH VT
BDDFTT UP UIF DPMMFDUJPOT UIF PċDFT PG SFHJPOBM BSDIBFPMPHZ u43" 1PJUPV$IBSFOUFTu BOE u43" 1BZTEFMB-PJSFu GPS TVQQPSUJOH
PVS SFTFBSDIU BT XFMM BT :WFT (SVFU GPS HJWJOH VT QJDUVSFT UBLFO CZ IJT GBUIFS BU UIF FYDBWBUJPOT ăJT SFTFBSDI IBT BMTP CFFO QBSUJBMMZ
GVOEFE CZ $(- HSBOU
3FGFSFODFT<> (SVFU . 3FTUFT EVO IPNNF GPTTJMF FO .BJOF FU -PJSF 6O )PNP TBQJFOT EBOT MF HJTFNFOU QSÊIJTUPSJRVF EF 3PDFO1BJM
$IBMPOOFTTVS-PJSF
#VMMFUJO EF MB 4PDJÊUÊ EUVEFT TDJFOUJđRVFT E"OHFST <> 3PTBT " 1FSF[$SJBEP - #BTUJS . &TUBMSSJDI " )VHVFUt
3 (BSDÎB5BCFSOFSP " 1BTUPS +' EF MB 3BTJMMB . " HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJDT DPNQBSBUJWF BOBMZTJT PG UIF /FBOEFSUBM IVNFSJ
FQJQIZTFTGVTFE
GSPN UIF &M 4JESÓO DBWF TJUF "TUVSJBT 4QBJO
+ )VN&WPM TVCNJUUFE
167
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S &BSMZ 1BMBFPMJUIJD đSF BU B MBUF &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO TJUF $VFWB /FHSB EFM &TUSFDIP EFM 3ÎP õVÎQBS
$BSBWBDB EF MB $SV[ .VSDJB 4QBJO
.JDIBFM +PIO 8BMLFS1 %JFHP &SDPMF "OHFMVDDJ 2 %BOJFMB "OFTJO2 "[VDFOB "WJMÊT'FSOÃOEF[3 'SBODFTDP #FSOB4 ¦OHFM
5PNÃT #VJUSBHP-ÓQF[ 3 :PMBOET 'FSOÃOEF[+BMWP5 .BSÎB )BCFS6SJBSUF6 .BSJBOP -ÓQF[.BSUÎOF[3 "OUPOJP
-ÓQF[+JNÊOF[1 *HOBDJP .BSUÎO-FSNB6 +PO 0SUFHB3PESJHÃÒF[6 4BSB & 3IPEFT7 5PNÃT 3PESÎHVF[&TUSFMMB8 +FBO-VD
4DIXFOOJOHFS9 "OOF 3 4LJOOFS10
%FQBSUNFOU PG ;PPMPHZ BOE 1IZTJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ #JPMPHZ 'BDVMUZ .VSDJB 6OJWFSTJUZ 4QBJO p i##BHPMJOJu -BCPSBUPSZ
GPS 1SFIJTUPSJD BOE .FEJBFWBM "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE )JTUPSJDBM (FPHSBQIZ %FQBSUNFOU PG )VNBOJUJFT 5SFOUP 6OJWFSTJUZ *UBMZ p .61"/5õ6"5 .VSDJBO "TTPDJBUJPO GPS UIF 4UVEZ PG 1BMBFPBOUISPQMPHZ BOE UIF õVBUFSOBSZ p %FQBSUNFOU PG
"SDIBFPMPHZ 4JNPO 'SBTFS 6OJWFSTJUZ $BOBEB p %FQBSUNFOU PG 1BMBFPCJPMPHZ /BUJPOBM .VTFVN PG /BUVSBM 4DJFODFT PG UIF
4QBOJTI /BUJPOBM 3FTFBSDI $PVODJM 4QBJO p %FQU PG 1SFIJTUPSZ "SDIBFPMPHZ "ODJFOU BOE .FEJBFWBM )JTUPSZ BOE
)JTUPSJPHSBQIJDBM 5FDIOJRVFT .VSDJB 6OJWFSTJUZ 4QBJO p %FQBSUNFOU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 'BDVMUZ PG "SUT BOE 4DJFODFT
6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5PSPOUP $BOBEB p %FQBSUNFOU PG .JOJOH &OHJOFFSJOH (FPMPHZ BOE $BSUPHSBQIZ $BSUBHFOB 1PMZUFDIOJD
6OJWFSTJUZ .VSDJB 4QBJO p 0YGPSE 6OJWFSTJUZ 3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ GPS "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE UIF )JTUPSZ PG "SU 0YGPSE 6, p %FQBSUNFOU PG $IFNJTUSZ 8JMMJBNT $PMMFHF 64"
'JOEJOHT HSFBUMZ TVHHFTUJWF PG đSF UFOEFE XFMM JOTJEF UIF MBSHF SPDLTIFMUFS PG $VFWB /FHSB EFM &TUSFDIP EFM 3ÎP õVÎQBS DPNF GSPN
EFFQMZMZJOH TFEJNFOUT EBUJOH GSPN DB .B .BHOFUPTUSBUJHSBQIJD JOWFTUJHBUJPO TJUVBUFT UIF FOUJSF TFEJNFOUBSZ TFRVFODF CFGPSF
.B #JPTUSBUJHSBQIJD FWJEFODF "-+
QPJOUT UP B UJNF CFUXFFO .B BOE .B ăF QBMBFPBOUISPQPMPHJDBM BTTFN
CMBHF JODMVEFT IPNJOJO UFFUI B MJNFTUPOF IBOEBYF BOE B XJEF SBOHF PG TNBMM DIFSU BSUJGBDUT &YDBWBUJPO PG TFEJNFOU MZJOH N CFOFBUI UIF UPQ PG UIF TFEJNFOUBSZ TFRVFODF N CFIJOE UIF DBWF NPVUI SFWFBMFE FWJEFODF UIBU đSF NBZ XFMM IBWF BĈFDUFE
CPOF BOE 1BMBFPMJUIJD DIFSU BSUFGBDUT .+8 ""' "5#- .)6 "-+ .-. *.- +03
)FSF UIFSF XFSF VODPW
FSFE CPUI DIBSSFE CPOF BOE BCVOEBOU XIJUF DBMDJOFE CPOF GSBHNFOUT TIPXJOH UIF DPOKPJOFE MFOHUIXJTF MPOHCPOF TQBMMJOH UIBU
JT UZQJDBM PG DJSDVNGFSFOUJBM TISJOLBHF BĕFS UIFSNBM WPMBUJMJ[BUJPO PG PSHBOJD DPNQPOFOUT DG ăFSNBMMZBMUFSFE MVTUSFMFTT DIFSU
GSBHNFOUT IFSF JODMVEF B OPEVMF DSBDLFE PQFO CZ IFBU SFWFBMJOH CPUI B QPUMJE GSBDUVSF BOE NBOZ TNBMM SB[PSTIBSQ TQMJOUFST TUJMM JO
QMBDF MJLF UIF QFUBMT PG BO PQFO ĔPXFS BOE BO BSUJđDJBMMZTUSVDL ĔBLF TJNJMBSMZ DSBDLFE PQFO CZ UIFSNBM TIPDL XJUI TIBSQ DPOKPJO
BCMF GSBHNFOUT TUJMM JO QMBDF UPHFUIFS #FDBVTF UIF TQMJOUFST IBE OPU CFFO EJTQFSTFE UIFTF UXP đOET DBO CBSFMZ IBWF CFFO EJTQMBDFE
NPSF UIBO B GFX DFOUJNFUSFT BĕFS VOEFSHPJOH UIFSNBM TIPDL ăFSNPMVNJOFTDFODF BOBMZTJT JT JO QSPHSFTT +-4
(FPBSDIBFP
MPHJDBM FWJEFODF "%& "%
JT JODPODMVTJWF UP EBUF 4FEJNFOU NJOFSBMT XFSF JOWFTUJHBUFE VTJOH 9SBZ ĔVPSFTDFODF 9SBZ
EJĈSBDUJPO BOE UIFSNPHSBWJNFUSJD BOBMZTJT XJUI NBTT TQFDUSPNFUSZ 53&
5BQIPOPNJD BOBMZTJT 4&3
BOE TDBOOJOH FMFDUSPO
NJDSPTDPQZ BOE FOFSHZ EJTQFSTJWF 9SBZ TQFDUSPTDPQZ PG CPOF GSBHNFOUT 4&3 :'+
BUUSJCVUF EJTDPMPVSBUJPO UP CVSOJOH OPU UP
QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM NJOFSBM TUBJOJOH BOE CPUI 'PVSJFS 5SBOTGPSN JOGSBSFE TQFDUSPTDPQZ '#
BOE FMFDUSPO TQJO SFTPOBODF BOBMZTJT
"4
JNQMZ đSJOH UFNQFSBUVSFT DB $ *U JT TVHHFTUFE UIBU UIF IJHI UFNQFSBUVSF BUUBJOFE JOTJEF $VFWB /FHSB NBZ IBWF
CFFO EVF UP đSF UFOEFE JOTJEF UIF SPDLTIFMUFS )PNJOJOT DPVME IBWF JOUSPEVDFE TNPVMEFSJOH CSBOET MFĕ CFIJOE CZ B GPSFTU đSF
PVUTJEF JO PSEFS UP FTUBCMJTI BOE UFOE B đSF XIFSF SBJO PS XJOE XPVME OPU FYUJOHVJTI JU ăFZ NBZ XFMM IBWF CFFO MFTT BGSBJE PG đSF
PVUTJEF UIBO PUIFS BOJNBMT UIFZ TBX ĔFFJOH CFGPSF JU ăBU NBZ IBWF MFE UIFN UP QMBZ XJUI đSF QFSIBQT JO PSEFS UP ESJWF BOJNBMT
JOUP OBUVSBM EFBUIUSBQT FH TXBNQT DMJĈT
GBDJMJUBUJOH CVUDIFSZ BOE SPBTUJOH ăJT CZ OP NFBOT MFBET UP BO JOGFSFODF UIBU UIFZ
DPVME SFQSPEVDF PS DPOUSPM đSF BU .B UIBU POMZ NBZ IBWF CFFO BUUBJOFE XFMM BĕFS .B BT FWJEFODF PG đSFQJUT PS DPOTUSVDUFE
IFBSUIT TUBSUT BQQFBSJOH JO UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD SFDPSE &WPMVUJPOBSZ DPOTFRVFODFT GPS IVNBO QIZTJPMPHZ BOE DPHOJUJPO BSF EJTDVTTFE
3FGFSFODFT<> 4DPUU (3 BOE (JCFSU - ăF PMEFTU IBOEBYFT JO &VSPQF /BUVSF <> 8BMLFS .+ -ÓQF[.BSUÎOF[ .7
$BSSJÓO(BSDÎB +4 3PESÎHVF[&TUSFMMB 5 4BO/JDPMÃTEFM5PSP . 4DIXFOOJOHFS +- -ÓQF[+JNÊOF[ " 0SUFHB3PESJHÃÒF[ + )BCFS6SJBSUF
. 1PMP$BNBDIP +- (BSDÎB5PSSFT + $BNQJMMP#PK . "WJMÊT'FSOÃOEF[ " ;BDL 8 $VFWB /FHSB EFM &TUSFDIP EFM 3ÎP õVÎQBS .VSDJB
4QBJO
" MBUF &BSMZ 1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJO TJUF XJUI BO i"DIFVMP-FWBMMPJTP.PVTUFSPJEu 1BMBFPMJUIJD BTTFNCMBHF õVBU *OUFSOBUM <> DG
6CFSMBLFS %) <> )VNBO 4LFMFUBM 3FNBJOT 5BSBYBDVN 8BTIJOHUPO %$ <> "OHFMVDDJ % "OFTJO % -ÓQF[.BSUÎOF[ .
)BCFS6SJBSUF . 3PESÎHVF[&TUSFMMB 5 8BMLFS .+ 3FUIJOLJOH TUSBUJHSBQIZ BOE TJUF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF 1MFJTUPDFOF EFQPTJU BU $VFWB /FHSB EFM
&TUSFDIP EFM 3ÎP õVÎQBS $BSBWBDB EF MB $SV[ 4QBJO
õVBU 4DJ 3FW 168
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S $SBOJBM EJWFSTJđDBUJPO JO /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT DPNQBSFE UP DPNNPO DIJNQBO[FFT
5JNPUIZ % 8FBWFS1
6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB %BWJT
&WJEFODF IBT CFFO BDDVNVMBUJOH GPS UIF JNQPSUBODF PG OFVUSBM FWPMVUJPOBSZ QSPDFTTFT JO HFOFSBUJOH DSBOJBM EJĈFSFODFT CFUXFFO
/FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT SFWJFXFE JO 3FG <>
ăFTF đOEJOHT CVJME PO QJPOFFSJOH XPSL EFNPOTUSBUJOH UIBU QBUUFSOT
PG DSBOJBM EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO BNPOH QSFTFOUEBZ IVNBO HSPVQT BSF DPOTJTUFOU XJUI OFVUSBM EJWFSHFODF <> 8JUI JTPMBUJPO CFUXFFO
HSPVQT BOE DPNQMFUF OFVUSBMJUZ JF OBUVSBM TFMFDUJPO JT OPU BDUJOH BU BMM
HFOFUJD ESJĕ QSPWJEFT UIF NFDIBOJTN BOE NVUBUJPO QSP
WJEFT UIF SBX NBUFSJBM GPS FWPMVUJPOBSZ EJWFSHFODF #VU IPX VOVTVBM BSF UIF SFTVMUT GPS /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT SFMBUJWF UP
PUIFS TQFDJFT "OE IPX EP DPNQBSJTPOT XJUI PUIFS UBYB JMMVNJOBUF UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ QSPDFTTFT VOEFSMZJOH DSBOJBM EJWFSTJđDBUJPO JO
UIF /FBOEFSUBM BOE NPEFSO IVNBO FWPMVUJPOBSZ MJOFBHFT $PNNPO DIJNQBO[FFT 1BO USPHMPEZUFT
QSPWJEF B VTFGVM TUBSUJOH QPJOU
GPS QMBDJOH UIF /FBOEFSUBM BOE NPEFSO IVNBO SFTVMUT JO B CSPBEFS DPNQBSBUJWF DPOUFYU CFDBVTF BMPOH XJUI CPOPCPT 1 QBOJTDVT
UIFZ BSF UIF FYUBOU TQFDJFT NPTU DMPTFMZ SFMBUFE UP IVNBOT 0G QBSUJDVMBS JOUFSFTU BSF DPNQBSJTPOT PG UIF XFTUFSO TVCTQFDJFT PG DPN
NPO DIJNQBO[FF 1 U WFSVT
XJUI UIF DFOUSBM 1 U USPHMPEZUFT
BOE FBTUFSO 1 U TDIXFJOGVSUIJJ
TVCTQFDJFT CFDBVTF UIF MJOFBHF
MFBEJOH UP UIF XFTUFSO TVCTQFDJFT TQMJU GSPN UIF MJOFBHFT MFBEJOH UP UIF PUIFS UXP TVCTQFDJFT BCPVU UIF TBNF UJNF UIBU UIF MJOFBHFT
MFBEJOH UP /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT TQMJU GSPN FBDI PUIFS 5P BEESFTT UIFTF RVFTUJPOT * VTFE DSBOJBM NFBTVSFNFOUT DPM
MFDUFE PO B TBNQMF PG IVNBOT /FBOEFSUBMT BOE DPNNPO DIJNQBO[FFT UP FTUJNBUF UIF /FBOEFSUBM WT NPEFSO IVNBO
BOE UIF 1 U WFSVT WT PUIFS TVCTQFDJFT TQMJU UJNFT $POTJTUFOU XJUI QSFWJPVT SFTVMUT CBTFE PO B MBSHFS TFU PG NFBTVSFNFOUT 8FBWFS
FU BM UIF /FBOEFSUBM WT NPEFSO IVNBO DSBOJBM FTUJNBUFT BSF TJNJMBS UP QVCMJTIFE %/"TFRVFODF FTUJNBUFT FH 3FG <>
*O DPOUSBTU UIF DPNNPO DIJNQBO[FF DSBOJBM FTUJNBUFT BSF NVDI TNBMMFS UIBO QVCMJTIFE %/"TFRVFODF FTUJNBUFT FH 3FG <>
*U BQQFBST UIBU DSBOJBM EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO IBT CFFO VODPOTUSBJOFE JO /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT DPNQBSFE UP DPNNPO DIJN
QBO[FFT BMMPXJOH JU UP QSPDFFE MBSHFMZ VOEFS UIF JOĔVFODF PG OFVUSBM FWPMVUJPOBSZ QSPDFTTFT $SBOJBM EJĈFSFOUJBUJPO JO DPNNPO
DIJNQBO[FFT NBZ IBWF CFFO SFTUSJDUFE CZ TUBCJMJ[JOH OBUVSBM TFMFDUJPO BDUJOH FJUIFS EJSFDUMZ PO UIF BTQFDUT PG DSBOJBM GPSN JODMVEFE
JO UIF BOBMZTFT PS JOEJSFDUMZ UISPVHI MJNJUT PO UIF BNPVOU PG WBSJBUJPO BWBJMBCMF GPS HFOFUJD ESJĕ UP BDU PO
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT * XPVME MJLF UP UIBOL ) )PFLTUSB + $IVQBTLP % -JFCFSNBO . .PSHBO + 3PVTTFBV 0 )FSTDIFOTPIO
3 ăPSJOHUPO % -VOEF & 8FTUXJH , #PUIB " (JMM # 8JMLFZ 1 +FOLJOT - 5PNTFUU 3 1PSUFMMB.JHVF[ ++ )VCMJO $
#PFTDI 6 4DIXBSU[ & (JMJTTFO BOE 8 8FOEFMFO GPS BDDFTT UP BOE BTTJTUBODF XJUI DPMMFDUJPOT UIF *WPSZ $PBTU BVUIPSJUJFT GPS
BMMPXJOH đFMEXPSL JO 5BÐ /BUJPOBM 1BSL BOE UIF FYQPSU PG DIJNQBO[FF TLFMFUBM SFNBJOT UIF MBUF 8 )PXFMMT GPS HFOFSPVTMZ TIBSJOH
IJT EBUB BOE UIF -4# -FBLFZ 'PVOEBUJPO GPS GVOEJOH
3FGFSFODFT<> 8FBWFS 5% 3BUFT PG DSBOJBM FWPMVUJPO JO /FBOEFSUBMT BOE NPEFSO IVNBOT *O &MFXB ".5 &E
$PNQVUBUJPOBM
QBMFPOUPMPHZ 4QSJOHFS7FSMBH QQ <> -ZODI . 1IZMPHFOFUJD IZQPUIFTFT VOEFS UIF BTTVNQUJPO PG OFVUSBM RVBOUJUBUJWFHFOFUJD
WBSJBUJPO &WPMVUJPO <> 3FMFUIGPSE +) $SBOJPNFUSJD WBSJBUJPO BNPOH NPEFSO IVNBO QPQVMBUJPOT "N + 1IZT "OUISPQPM <> (SFFO 3& FU BM " ESBĕ TFRVFODF PG UIF /FBOEFSUIBM HFOPNF 4DJFODF <> 1SBEP.BSUJOF[ FU BM (SFBU BQF HFOFUJD
EJWFSTJUZ BOE QPQVMBUJPO IJTUPSZ /BUVSF 169
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B /FX JOTJHIUT GSPN PME BSUFGBDUT " RVBOUJUBUJWF SFBTTFTTNFOU PG UIF -4" UFDIOPMPHZ PG UIF $FOUSBM
,FOZBO 3Jĕ
"MFY 8JMTIBX1 .BSUB .JSB[PO -BIS1
-FWFSIVMNF $FOUSF GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT %JWJTJPO PG #JPMPHJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF
"GSJDB JT IPNF UP B QMFUIPSB PG MPDBMJTFE -BUFS 4UPOF "HF -4"
MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHJFT ăF /BLVSV/BJWBTIB CBTJO PG UIF $FOUSBM
3Jĕ 7BMMFZ ,FOZB XIFSF BMNPTU B IVOESFE ZFBST PG BSDIBFPMPHJDBM SFTFBSDI IBWF MFE UP UIF BDDVNVMBUJPO PG B WBTU BSSBZ PG DVSBUFE
MJUIJD BTTFNCMBHFT <><><> JT OP FYDFQUJPO :FU EFTQJUF UIF BCVOEBOU DPMMFDUJPOT GSPN UIJT BSFB MJUUMF JT LOPXO BCPVU UIF SBOHF
BOE EJTUSJCVUJPO PG WBSJBUJPO XJUIJO BOE CFUXFFO UIFTF BTTFNCMBHFT UIFJS SFMBUJPOTIJQT UP FBDI PUIFS UIFJS FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOUFYU
BOE NPTU JNQPSUBOUMZ UIFJS NBLFST <> *EFOUJGZJOH BOE EFTDSJCJOH WBSJBUJPO JT FTTFOUJBM UP VOEFSTUBOEJOH BOZ JOEVTUSZ CVU POMZ
JO FYQMBJOJOH PS OPU
UIF WBSJBUJPO PCTFSWFE DBO BO VOEFSTUBOEJOH CF HBJOFE BCPVU UIF QFPQMF BOE QSPDFTTFT UIBU DSFBUFE JU )FSF
VOJ BOE NVMUJWBSJBUF TUBUJTUJDT BSF VTFE đSTUMZ UP FYQMPSF UIF WBSJBUJPO PG UIF -4" JO UIJT BSFB BOE TFDPOEMZ UP JOWFTUJHBUF TQBUJBM
UFNQPSBM BOE QBMBFPFOWJSPONFOUBM GBDUPST UIBU NBZ IBWF JOĔVFODFE UIF DPNQPTJUJPO BOE OBUVSF PG UIF BTTFNCMBHFT ăJT JT GPM
MPXFE CZ EJTDSJNJOBOU BOE DMBEJTUJD BOBMZTFT XIJDI CVJME EBUBESJWFO IZQPUIFTFT BCPVU UIF QSFIJTUPSJD QFPQMF PG UIF BSFB BOE UIF
QPQVMBUJPO QSPDFTTFT UIBU NBZ IBWF MFE UP UIF DPNQMFY QBUUFSOT PG WBSJBUJPO FWJEFOU JO UIFJS MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHJFT ăF SFTVMUT TUSPOHMZ
TVHHFTU UIBU DFSUBJO BTTFNCMBHF BOE BSUFGBDU BUUSJCVUFT FYIJCJU IJHI MFWFMT PG FOWJSPONFOUBMMZ EFUFSNJOFE WBSJBUJPO PS QMBTUJDJUZ
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HSFBUFS DPIFTJPO XJUI UIF FOWJSPONFOU XJUIJO XIJDI UIFZ XFSF QSPEVDFE UIBO UIFZ EP XJUI UIFJS SFTQFDUJWF UFDIOPMPHJFT USBEJUJPOT
PS BEBQUJWF TUSBUFHJFT "TTFNCMBHF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PS TUPOF UPPM EBUB UIBU FYIJCJU TVDI BTTPDJBUJPOT BSF UIFSFGPSF JOBQQSPQSJBUF GPS
GPSNJOH IZQPUIFTFT BCPVU UIF JOUFSBDUJPOT PG ANBLFST PG TUPOF UPPM UFDIOPMPHJFT XIJDI BMTP IBT JNQMJDBUJPOT SFHBSEJOH UIF WBSJBCMFT
VQPO XIJDI UIF DMBTTJđDBUPSZ QIBTFT PG UIFTF TQFDJđD JOEVTUSJFT IBWF CFFO CBTFE JO UIF QBTU 0WFSBMM BDDPVOUJOH GPS FOWJSPONFO
UBM JOĔVFODF PO UFDIOPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO JEFBT BCPVU QPQVMBUJPO GSBHNFOUBUJPO EVSJOH UIF MBUF1MFJTUPDFOF BOE FBSMZ)PMPDFOF BSF
TVQQPSUFE XJUI QBUUFSOT JO MJUIJD UFDIOPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPO TVHHFTUJOH B QSFIJTUPSJD QPQVMBUJPO TUSVDUVSF XJUI JOUFSBDUJPOT TJNJMBS
UP UIF HSPVQT PS USJCFT TFFO JO &BTUFSO "GSJDB UPEBZ )PXFWFS UIJT TUVEZ NBZ IBWF XJEFS NFUIPEPMPHJDBM JNQMJDBUJPOT SFHBSEJOH
UIF XBZ JO XIJDI TUPOF UPPM BUUSJCVUFT BSF VTFE UP EFMJOFBUF TUPOF UPPM UFDIOPMPHJFT HMPCBMMZ ăF /BLVSV/BJWBTIB #BTJO FYIJCJUT B
TQFDJđD TFSJFT PG NJDSPFOWJSPONFOUT BOE UIVT UIF QBUUFSOJOH JEFOUJđFE JO UIJT TUVEZ NBZ OPU CF B HPPE FYBNQMF PS HVJEF UP UFDIOP
FOWJSPONFOUBM JOUFSBDUJPO FĈFDUT FMTFXIFSF CVU VOUJM TVDI BTTFTTNFOU JT DBSSJFE PVU PO B HSFBUFS EJWFSTJUZ PG HFPHSBQIJD BSFBT BOE
BDSPTT EJĈFSFOU NPEFT PG UFDIOPMPHZ UIF GVMM QPUFOUJBM JNQBDU PG UIFTF FĈFDUT GPS BSDIBFPMPHJDBM DMBTTJđDBUJPO BOE IVNBO FWPMV
UJPOBSZ QBUUFSOT JO HFOFSBM SFNBJO B NZTUFSZ
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI XBT GVOEFE CZ B HFOFSPVT TDIPMBSTIJQ GSPN 4U +PIOT $PMMFHF $BNCSJEHF XJUI USBWFM BTTJTUBODF
GSPN UIF -FBLFZ 5SVTU UIF #BSUMF 'SFSF .BSZ &VQISBTJB .PTFMFZ 'VOE UIF 4NVUT GVOE BOE BO "OUIPOZ 8JMLJO 4UVEFOUTIJQ GSPN
UIF %FQBSUNFOU PG #JPMPHJDBM "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BNCSJEHF * XPVME BMTP MJLF UP UIBOL UIF /BUJPOBM .VTFVNT PG ,FOZB
GPS SFTFBSDI QFSNJTTJPOT BOE NVTFVN TVQQPSU %S $IBSMFT /FMTPO GPS IFMQGVM BEWJDF BOE đOBMMZ 1SPGFTTPS 3PCFSU 'PMFZ BOE UIF
TUBĈ BOE TUVEFOUT PG UIF -FWFSIVMNF $FOUSF GPS )VNBO &WPMVUJPOBSZ 4UVEJFT GPS UIFJS DPOUJOVBM TVQQPSU XIJMTU UIJT SFTFBSDI XBT
CFJOH DBSSJFE PVU
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"EBQUBUJPOT JO UIF $FOUSBM 3Jĕ 7BMMFZ ,FOZB "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB #FSLFMFZ <> 1IJMMJQTPO %8 "GSJDBO "SDIBFPMPHZ ăJSE
&EJUJPO FE $BNCSJEHF 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT $BNCSJEHF
170
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 'S 4IBQF TJ[F BOE NBUVSJUZ USBKFDUPSJFT PG UIF IVNBO JMJVN BOE JOUFSQPQVMBUJPO EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF
POUPHFOZ PG TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN
-BVSB 8JMTPO1 3BDIFM *WFT2 )VHP $BSEPTP3 -PVJTF )VNQISFZ4
4DIPPM PG #JPMPHJDBM &BSUI BOE &OWJSPONFOUBM 4DJFODFT 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /FX 4PVUI 8BMFT 4ZEOFZ "VTUSBMJB p "0$
"SDIBFPMPHZ (SPVQ 4U .BSHBSFUT #VTJOFTT $FOUSF 5XJDLFOIBN 6, p %FQBSUNFOU PG "SDIBFPMPHZ $FOUSF GPS 'PSFOTJD
3FTFBSDI 4JNPO 'SBTFS 6OJWFSTJUZ #VSOBCZ $BOBEB p %FQBSUNFOU PG &BSUI 4DJFODFT ăF /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO
6,
ăF QSPDFTT PG POUPHFOZ QMBZT B GVOEBNFOUBM SPMF JO UIF FNFSHFODF NBHOJUVEF BOE QBUUFSOJOH PG BEVMU TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN 6O
UBOHMJOH UIF DPNQMFY JOUFSBDUJPO CFUXFFO TIBQF TJ[F BOE BHF PWFS UIF DPVSTF PG POUPHFOZ JT QPUFOUJBMMZ EJċDVMU EVF UP UIF MBSHF
NPSQIPMPHJDBM WBSJBCJMJUZ JO TJ[F BOE TIBQF XJUIJO EJĈFSFOU QPQVMBUJPOT ăJT JT B QBSUJDVMBS QSPCMFN JO UIF TUVEZ PG KVWFOJMFT GPS
XIJDI GFX TLFMFUBM FMFNFOUT FYIJCJU FOPVHI EJNPSQIJTN UP FOBCMF TFY BTTJHONFOU BOE TVCUMF BHFTJ[FTIBQF EJĈFSFODFT NBZ IBWF B
SFMBUJWFMZ NBSLFE JOĔVFODF PO UIF TVDDFTT PG UIF NFUIPE BQQMJFE .PSQIPMPHJDBM GFBUVSFT PG UIF JMJVN IBWF DPOTJTUFOUMZ CFFO NPSF
TVDDFTTGVM GPS KVWFOJMF TFY EFUFSNJOBUJPO UIBO IBWF UFDIOJRVFT BQQMJFE UP PUIFS TLFMFUBM FMFNFOUT IPXFWFS SFMBUJWFMZ MJUUMF JT LOPXO
BCPVU UIF POUPHFOZ BOE NBUVSBUJPO PG TJ[F BOE TIBQF EJNPSQIJTN JO UIF JMJVN ăJT JT EVF UP UIF MJNJUBUJPOT PG FBSMJFS NFUIPET BOE
UIF EJċDVMUZ JO JOUFSQSFUJOH BOE DPNQBSJOH SFTVMUT CFUXFFO TUVEJFT UIBU IBWF EFBMU XJUI GPSN JF TJ[F BOE TIBQF JO EJĈFSFOU XBZT
*O UIJT TUVEZ XF VTF B HFPNFUSJD NPSQIPNFUSJD BQQSPBDI UP RVBOUJUBUJWFMZ TFQBSBUF UIF POUPHFOZ PG TJ[F BOE TIBQF PG UIF JMJVN
BOE QFSGPSN B TFSJFT PG BOBMZTFT EFTJHOFE UP QSPWJEF JOTJHIU JOUP JOUFSQPQVMBUJPO EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF POTFU SBUF BOE QBUUFSOJOH PG
TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN JO UIF JMJVN 8F DBQUVSFE UIF TIBQF PG UISFF USBJUT VTJOH PVUMJOFCBTFE FRVJEJTUBOU MBOENBSLT GPS B UPUBM PG JMJB GSPN -JTCPO 1PSUVHBM
BOE -POEPO 6,
TBNQMFT PG LOPXO BHF BOE TFY BHFT ZFBST
$PMMFDUJWFMZ PVS SFTVMUT JOEJDBUF
UIBU B
UIFSF JT B DMFBS EJTTPDJBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF POUPHFOZ PG TJ[F BOE TIBQF JO NBMFT BOE GFNBMFT C
UIF POUPHFOZ PG TJ[F BOE TIBQF
BSF FBDI EFđOFE CZ DPNQMFY OPOMJOFBS USBKFDUPSJFT UIBU EJĈFS CFUXFFO NBMFT BOE GFNBMFT D
UIFSF BSF JOUFSQPQVMBUJPO EJĈFSFODFT
JO POUPHFOFUJD TIBQF USBKFDUPSJFT XIJDI EFNPOTUSBUFT QPQVMBUJPOTQFDJđD QBUUFSOJOH JO UIF BUUBJONFOU PG TFYVBM EJNPSQIJTN BOE
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UIF SBUF PG TIBQF NBUVSBUJPO BOE TJ[F NBUVSBUJPO JT UZQJDBMMZ IJHIFS GPS GFNBMFT UIBO NBMFT 8F đOE UIBU NBMF BOE GFNBMF TIBQF
EJĈFSFODFT JO UIF JMJVN BSF CSPVHIU BCPVU CZ USBKFDUPSZ EJWFSHFODF XIJDI TVQQPSUT B DPOUJOVBM BOE BCTPMVUF JODSFBTF JO UIF TVDDFTT
PG TFY EFUFSNJOBUJPO PG CPUI NBMF BOE GFNBMF JMJB GSPN CJSUI UP ZFBST %JĈFSFODFT JO UIF SBUF PG TJ[F BOE TIBQF NBUVSBUJPO CF
UXFFO NBMFT BOE GFNBMFT TVHHFTU UIBU NBUVSJUZ NBZ CF BO JNQPSUBOU WBSJBCMF JO KVWFOJMF TFY EFUFSNJOBUJPO 4QFDJđDBMMZ JU XPVME CF
FYQFDUFE UIBU EJĈFSFODFT JO NBMF BOE GFNBMF NBUVSJUZ NBZ DPOGPVOE EJTDSJNJOBOU BOBMZTFT CZ JOUSPEVDJOH WBSJBUJPO OPU BDDPVOUFE
GPS JO BHFCBTFE HSPVQJOHT BOE UIBU TFHNFOUJOH POUPHFOZ JOUP NBUVSJUZ HSPVQJOHT NJHIU JNQSPWF DMBTTJđDBUJPO TVDDFTT 0VS SFTVMUT
GVSUIFS IJHIMJHIU DPOTJEFSBCMF WBSJBCJMJUZ JO TJ[F BOE TIBQF UISPVHIPVU POUPHFOZ BOE UIF DSPTTBQQMJDBUJPO PG TFYJOH NFUIPET UP
QPQVMBUJPOT PG EJĈFSFOU PS IJHIMZ CJBTFE BHF BOE TFY DPNQPTJUJPO QBSUJDVMBSMZ BU UIF ZPVOHFTU BHFT JT MJLFMZ UP CF VOTVDDFTTGVM
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ăJT SFTFBSDI JT TVQQPSUFE CZ 4XJTT /BUJPOBM 4DJFODF 'PVOEBUJPO 4/'
HSBOUT UP -"#8 1#;)1@
BOE 11@
171
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1FDIB ,VDIB 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 'S ăF DBWF UIF TLVMM BOE UIF XPNFO GFNBMF SFQSFTFOUBUJPO JO 1BMBFPMJUIJD SFTFBSDI
3FCFDDB 8SBHH 4ZLFT1 7JDUPSJB )FSSJEHF2 #SFOOB )BTTFUU2 4V[BOOF 1JMBBS #JSDI3
1"$&" 6OJWFSTJUZ PG #PSEFBVY p /BUVSBM )JTUPSZ .VTFVN -POEPO p #SPXO 6OJWFSTJUZ
.PTU SFTFBSDIFST BSF BXBSF PG TFY CJBTFT JO UIF TUVEZ PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO XIJDI XFSF B QSPEVDU PG DPOUFNQPSBSZ UI BOE UI
DFOUVSZ TPDJBM TUSVDUVSFT GBWPVSJOH UIF DPOTJEFSBUJPO PG NBMF FYQFSJFODF BT QSJNBSZ i&BSMZ NBOu iDBWFNFOu BOE PG DPVSTF i.BO
UIF )VOUFSu OPUJPOT EFWFMPQFE CPUI DSFBUFE CZ BOE BU UIF TBNF UJNF SFJOGPSDJOH QPQVMBS BOE TDIPMBSMZ GPDVT PO TVQQPTFE NBMF
BDUJWJUJFT BT UIF NPTU JNQPSUBOU ăFZ BMTP FĈFDUJWFMZ DBTU PVS NBMF BODFTUPST BT iEFGBVMU IVNBOTu MFBEJOH UP UIF PWFSTIBEPXJOH PG
GFNBMF MJGFXBZT BOE FWFO FYJTUFODF UISPVHIPVU UIF 1BMBFPMJUIJD 4PNFUIJOH TJNJMBS DBO CF BSHVFE GPS UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG PVS PXO
đFME UIF NPTU DFMFCSBUFE TDIPMBST PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO BSF QSFEPNJOBOUMZ NBMF EFTQJUF UIF TJHOJđDBOU DPOUSJCVUJPOT PG XPNFO
GSPN UIF WFSZ TUBSU PG TUVEZJOH PVS EFFQ QBTU *O B QSPKFDU TUBSUFE UP DPVOUFS UIF JNCBMBODF JO QPQVMBS QFSDFQUJPOT PG HFPMPHZ
QBMBFPOUPMPHZ BOE BSDIBFPMPHZ BT MBDLJOH JO XPNFO i5SPXFM#MB[FSTu EFWFMPQFE PSHBOJDBMMZ UISPVHI DPOUBDU PO TPDJBM NFEJB XJUI
UIF BJN UP IPTU B XFCTJUF XXXUSPXFMCMB[FSTDPN
UIBU DFMFCSBUFT UIF DPOUSJCVUJPOT PG CPUI XFMMLOPXO XPNFO BOE UIPTF XIP
IBWF CFDPNF PWFSMPPLFE 8F QSPEVDF TIPSU CJPHSBQIJD BSUJDMFT UIBU BJN UP CF MJHIUIFBSUFE ZFU SFTQFDUGVM BT XFMM BT BDDFQUJOH TVC
NJTTJPOT D PG PVS DPOUFOU JT OPX DSPXETPVSDFE 8IJMF XF EP OPU QSFUFOE UP CF IJTUPSJBOT PG TDJFODF BOE SFMZ UP B HSFBU FYUFOU
PO QSFWJPVTMZ QVCMJTIFE JOGPSNBUJPO UIF 5SPXFM#MB[FST QSPKFDU IBT CFFO TVDDFTTGVM JO EFNPOTUSBUJOH UISFF UIJOHT ăFSF XFSF NBOZ
NPSF XPNFO JOWPMWFE JO BSDIBFPMPHZ QBMBFPOUPMPHZ BOE HFPMPHZ UIBO JT HFOFSBMMZ SFBMJTFE 8PNFO XFSF BU UIF GPSFGSPOU PG UIFTF
TDJFODFT JODMVEJOH IVNBO FWPMVUJPO GSPN UIFJS JODFQUJPO 'BS GSPN CFJOH JTPMBUFE đHVSFT FYUSBPSEJOBSZ OFUXPSLT PG NFOUPSJOH
USBJOJOH BOE DPMMBCPSBUJPO FYJTUFE CFUXFFO UIFTF XPNFO XJUI TPNF LFZ JOEJWJEVBMT BOE TJUFT BDUJOH BT iIVCTu *O UIJT UBML XF TIPX
IPX UIF T FYDBWBUJPOT BU .PVOU $BSNFM BSF POF TVDI OPEF 8F EJTDVTT UIF DPOUSJCVUJPOT PG QBSUJDVMBS XPNFO XIP TIPVME CF
CFUUFS LOPXO XJUIJO PVS đFME JODMVEJOH UIF EJTDPWFSFS PG UIF 5BCVO /FBOEFSUBM B XPNBO LOPXO POMZ BT :VTSB 8F USBDF TPNF
PG UIF XFCT PG DPOOFDUJPOT XF IBWF NBQQFE XJUI UIF MFHFOEBSZ %PSPUIZ (BSSPE BT B DFOUSFQPJOU 'JOBMMZ XF BMTP DPOTJEFS IPX
GBS XF IBWF DPNF JO CBMBODJOH HFOEFS SFQSFTFOUBUJPO JO UIF TU DFOUVSZ TUVEZ PG IVNBO FWPMVUJPO
172
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPO /VNCFS 4B $PNQBSBUJWF FOEPTUSVDUVSBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IVNBO EFOUBM SFNBJOT GSPN
'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP BOE 7JTPHMJBOP *UBMZ
$MÊNFOU ;BOPMMJ1 'FEFSJDP #FSOBSEJOJ1 -VDB #POEJPMJ2 (JPWBOOJ #PTDIJBO3 "MGSFEP $PQQB4 %JFHP %SFPTTJ 5 3PCFSUP
.BDDIJBSFMMJ6,7 -VDJB .BODJOJ5 $BSMP 5P[[J3 $MBVEJP 5VOJ[1,8
*OUFSOBUJPOBM $FOUSF GPS ăFPSFUJDBM 1IZTJDT 5SJFTUF *UBMZ p .VTFP /B[JPOBMF 1SFJTUPSJDP &UOPHSBđDP u- 1JHPSJOJu 3PNB
*UBMZ p 6OJW 1JTB *UBMZ p m 6OJW 3PNB -B 4BQJFO[B *UBMZ p &MFUUSB4JODSPUSPOF 5SJFTUF 4$Q" *UBMZ p .VTÊVN /BUJPOBM
E)JTUPJSF /BUVSFMMF 1BSJT 'SBODF p m 6OJW 1PJUJFST 'SBODF p $FOUSF GPS "SDIBFPMPHJDBM 4DJFODF 8PMMPOHPOH "VTUSBMJB
ăF QFOFDPOUFNQPSBOFPVT .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF TJUFT PG 'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP -BUJVN
BOE 7JTPHMJBOP 'SJVMJ7FOF[JB (JVMJB
TFU D
LN BQBSU JO DFOUSBM BOE OPSUIFBTUFSO *UBMZ SFTQFDUJWFMZ IBWF ZJFMEFE TPNF BNPOH UIF PMEFTU IVNBO GPTTJM SFNBJOT UFTUJGZJOH B
QFPQMJOH QIBTF PG UIF *UBMJBO 1FOJOTVMB CSPBEMZ EVSJOH UIF HMBDJBM .*4 B QFSJPE BTTPDJBUFE UP POF BNPOH UIF IBSTIFTU DMJNBUJD
DPOEJUJPOT FWFO JO 4PVUIFSO &VSPQF BMPOH UIF FOUJSF õVBUFSOBSZ TZTUFN 'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP JT MPDBUFE JO UIF FYUFOTJPOBM UFDUPOJD
"OBHOJT CBTJO PG UIF -BUJOB 7BMMFZ D LN TPVUIFBTU PG 3PNF ăF CBTJO IBE CFFO đMMFE CZ MBDVTUSJOFBMMVWJBM TFEJNFOUT XIJDI
EVSJOH UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF D LB
XFSF DPWFSFE CZ QZSPDMBTUT GSPN UIF "MCBO )JMMT NBHNBUJD QSPWJODF SFW JO <>
5PHFUIFS XJUI TQSFBE "DIFVMFBO BSUFGBDUT BOE NBNNBM SFNBJOT UIF TJUF EBUFE UP LB <> IBT ZJFMEFE UISFF JTPMBUFE IVNBO
QFSNBOFOU UFFUI B MPXFS -* '3-*
B MPXFS 3. '33.
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<> 7JTPHMJBOP D LN OPSUIXFTU
PG 5SJFTUF XBT EJTDPWFSFE EVSJOH FYDBWBUJPOT PG UXP EJTUJODU MPDJ PG B LBSTUJD EPMJOF SFTVMUJOH GSPN UIF DPMMBQTF PG B DBWF "DDPSEJOH
UP UIF CJPTUSBUJHSBQIJD BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM FWJEFODF UIFTF MPDJ BSF DPOTJEFSFE QFOFDPOUFNQPSBOFPVT BOE IBWF CFFO SFDFOUMZ EBUFE
UP D LB CZ &436 TFSJFT <> ăF IVNBO EFOUPHOBUIJD BTTFNCMBHF GSPN 7JTPHMJBOP XIJDI IBT CFFO SFDFOUMZ SFWJTFE GPS
JUT BOBUPNJDBM JOWFOUPSZ JO <>
DPOTJTUT PG B SJHIU NBOEJCVMBS GSBHNFOU 7
QSFTFSWJOH UIF SPPUT PG UIF 1 BOE UIF . BOE đWF
JTPMBUFE VQQFS UFFUI DVSSFOUMZ JEFOUJđFE BT B 31 7
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BOE UIF TJY TQFDJNFOT GSPN 7JTPHMJBOP XFSF JNBHFE CZ 9SBZ NJDSPUPNPHSBQIZ
BU UIF .VMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ -BCPSBUPSZ PG UIF *$51 BOE BU UIF 5PNPMBC TUBUJPO PG UIF &MFUUSB 4ZODISPUSPO MJHIU TPVSDF 5SJFTUF BD
DPSEJOH UP UIF GPMMPXJOH QBSBNFUFST UP L7 WPMUBHF UP " DVSSFOU BOE B QSPKFDUJPO FBDI UP ăF đOBM
WPMVNFT XFSF SFDPOTUSVDUFE XJUI BO JTPUSPQJD WPYFM TJ[F SBOHJOH GSPN UP N GPS UIF JTPMBUFE UFFUI BOE PG N GPS UIF
NBOEJCVMBS GSBHNFOU 7 *O BMM TQFDJNFOT UIF PDDMVTBM TVSGBDF JT GSPN NPEFSBUFMZ UP FYUFOTJWFMZ XPSO UIVT QSFWFOUJOH BOZ SFMJBCMF
RVBOUJUBUJWF BTTFTTNFOU PG % DSPXO UJTTVF QSPQPSUJPOT CFDBVTF PG FOBNFM SFNPWBM )PXFWFS CFTJEFT QVODUVBM NFBTVSFNFOUT PG
SBEJBM FOBNFM UIJDLOFTT UIF WJSUVBM FYQMPSBUJPO PG UIF FOBNFMEFOUJOF KVODUJPO &%+
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BTTFNCMBHFT PG B OVNCFS PG NPSQIPMPHJDBM GFBUVSFT NBTLFE BU UIF PVUFS TVSGBDF 4DIFNBUJDBMMZ UIFTF JODMVEF B XFBL FYQSFTTJPO PG
UIF $BSBCFMMJT USBJU BO JOUFSSVQUFE USBOTWFSTF SJEHF BOE B DPNQMFUF PCMJRVF DSFTU PDDVSSJOH JO UIF VQQFS 3. 7 BOE 3. 7
B UVCFSDVMVN EFOUBMF PO UIF MPXFS '3-* B NFUBDPOVMJEUZQF UVCFSDVMVN JOUFSNFEJVN B IJHI BOE VOJOUFSSVQUFE NJEUSJHPOJE
DSFTU BOE BO JOUFSSVQUFE EJTUBM USJHPOJE DSFTU PO UIF MPXFS '33. *O BEEJUJPO UIF VQQFS QSFNPMBST GSPN 7JTPHMJBOP 7 7
BOE 7
BT XFMM BT UIF VQQFS BOE MPXFS NPMBST GSPN CPUI TJUFT 7 7 BOE '33.
FYIJCJU UXP UP UISFF BDDFTTPSZ DVTQVMFT MZJOH
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UIF PDDMVTBM CBTJO 8IJMF DPODFSOJOH UXP HFPHSBQIJDBMMZ TDBUUFSFE BOE RVBOUJUBUJWFMZ MJNJUFE TBNQMFT PVS DPNQBSBUJWF TUVEZ PG
UIF JOOFS TUSVDUVSBM NPSQIPMPHZ PG UIF EFOUBM BTTFNCMBHFT GSPN 'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP BOE 7JTPHMJBOP DPOUSJCVUFT UIF TUJMM EFCBUFE
RVFTUJPO PG UIF UBYPOPNJD TUBUVT BOE FWPMVUJPOBSZ IJTUPSZ PG ) IFJEFMCFSHFOTJT BOE QSPWJEFT OFX FWJEFODF UP DPNQBSBUJWFMZ BTTFTT
UIF QSJNJUJWF WT EFSJWFE TUBUVT PG TPNF GFBUVSFT JNQSJOUFE BU UIF &%+ MFWFM XJUI SFTQFDU UP UIF đHVSFT GSPN PUIFS .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF
&VSPQFBO OPUBCMZ "UBQVFSDB 4)
BOE /PSUI "GSJDBO 5JHIFOJG TBNQMFT
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CZ UIF 3FHJPOF 'SJVMJ7FOF[JB (JVMJB
3FGFSFODFT<> .VUUPOJ ( 4DBSEJB ( ,FOU %7 4XJTIFS $$ .BO[J ( 1MFJTUPDFOF NBHOFUPDISPOPMPHZ PG FBSMZ IPNJOJO TJUFT BU $FQSBOP
BOE 'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP *UBMZ &BSUI 1MBOFU 4DJ -FUU <> 4FHSF "( "TDFO[J " 'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP *UBMZT FBSMJFTU .JEEMF
1MFJTUPDFOF IPNJOJE TJUF $VSS "OUISPQPM <> "TDFO[J " 4FHSF "( "SUFGBDUT BOE IVNBO UFFUI BU UIF 'POUBOB 3BOVDDJP .JEEMF
1MFJTUPDFOF TJUF $FOUSBM *UBMZ
"OUISPQPMPHJF <> 'BMHVÍSFT $ #BIBJO ++ %VWBM . 4IBP 2 )BO ' -FCPO . .FSDJFS /
1FSF[(PO[BMF[ " %PMP +. (BSDJB 5 " LB &436TFSJFT DISPOPMPHZ PG "DIFVMJBO TJUFT JO 8FTUFSO &VSPQF õVBU *OUM <> 5VOJ[ $ #FSOBSEJOJ ' #POEJPMJ - #PTDIJBO ( $PQQB " %SFPTTJ % .BDDIJBSFMMJ 3 .BODJOJ - ;BOPMMJ $ " SFBTTFTTNFOU
PG UIF .JEEMF 1MFJTUPDFOF IVNBO EFOUBM SFNBJOT GSPN 7JTPHMJBOP 5SJFTUF *UBMZ
CBTFE PO IJHISFTPMVUJPO QIBTF DPOUSBTU NJDSPUPNPHSBQIZ 1SPD
&VSPQ 4PD )VN &WPM BCTUSBDU
173
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B " IJHISFTPMVUJPO DISPOPTUSBUJHSBQIJD GSBNFXPSL GPS UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD PG TPVUIFBTUFSO *CFSJB
+PÈP ;JMIÈP1 %BOJFMB "OFTJO2 %JFHP "OHFMVDDJ2 &SOFTUJOB #BEBM3 %BO $BCBOFT4 "SNBOEP -VDFOB5 *HOBDJP
.BSUÎO-FSNB6 4VTBOB .BSUÎOF[5 )FOSJRVF .BUJBT7 %BWJEF 4VTJOJ2 7BMFOUÎO 7JMMBWFSEF3 +PTFđOB ;BQBUB6
*$3&"6OJWFSTJUZ PG #BSDFMPOB 4QBJO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5SFOUP *UBMZ p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 7BMFODJB 4QBJO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG
#BSDFMPOB 4QBJO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG UIF "MHBSWF 1PSUVHBM p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG .VSDJB 4QBJO p 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JTCPB 1PSUVHBM
%VF UP QSPCMFNT PG JOUFHSJUZ SFMBUFE UP TVSGBDF EZOBNJDT BOE QPTUEFQPTJUJPOBM NPEJđDBUJPO PG DBWF BOE SPDLTIFMUFS TFRVFODFT
DPVQMFE XJUI UIF QBVDJUZ PG TJUFT FYDBWBUFE XJUI NPEFSO UFDIOJRVFT UIF DISPOPTUSBUJHSBQIZ PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD PG 4PVUI&BTU
*CFSJB SFNBJOT DPOUSPWFSTJBM PO B OVNCFS PG QPJOUT OBNFMZ B
UIF SFHJPOBM QSFTFODF PG UIF .PVTUFSJBO VOUJM UIF UJNF SBOHF PG
UIF &BSMZ "VSJHOBDJBO C
UIF DISPOPMPHZ BOE BċOJUJFT "VSJHOBDJBO PS (SBWFUUJBO
PG JUT FBSMJFTU QIBTFT D
UIF FYJTUFODF PG B
1SPUPTPMVUSFBO QIBTF BLJO UP UIBU PG UIF "UMBOUJD GBÉBEF E
UIF PSEFSFE TVDDFTTJPO PS MBDL UIFSFPG PG 6QQFS 4PMVUSFBO JOEFY
GPTTJMT 1BSQBMMÖ QPJOUT CBDLFE BOE TIPVMEFSFE QPJOUT
F
XIFUIFS UIF 4PMVUSFPHSBWFUUJBO JT GPMMPXFE CZ UIF #BEFHPVMJBO PS CZ
B -PXFS .BHEBMFOJBO BT XFMM BT UIF UJNJOH PG UIF USBOTJUJPO UP POF PS UIF PUIFS G XIFUIFS B .JEEMF .BHEBMFOJBO QIBTF DBO CF
EJĈFSFOUJBUFE $MBSJđDBUJPO PG UIFTF QSPCMFNT IBT JNQMJDBUJPOT UIBU SFBDI CFZPOE UIF SFHJPO BT TPNF DPODFSO JTTVFT PG NPEFSO IV
NBO FNFSHFODF BOE IVNBO CJPHFPHSBQIZ PG NPSF HFOFSBM JOUFSFTU OBNFMZ B
UIF IZQPUIFTJT UIBU /FBOEFSUBMT QFSTJTUFE JO QBSUT
PG *CFSJB GPS B GFX NJMMFOOJB MPOHFS UIBO FMTFXIFSF JO &VSPQF C
UIF SPMF QMBZFE CZ UIF $BOUBCSJBO $PSEJMMFSB UIF *CFSJBO 4ZT
UFN BOE UIF 1ZSFOFFT JO UIF HFOFSBUJPO PG FOWJSPONFOUT BOE BEBQUBUJPOT UIBU EFTQJUF TJNJMBSJUJFT TFU UIF DVMUVSFTUSBUJHSBQIZ PG
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PS D
UIF FYUFOU UP XIJDI HJWFO UIFTF EJĈFSFODFT UIF OPUJPO PG BO *CFSJBO SFGVHF DPOUSJCVUJOH UP QPTU-(. SFTFUUMFNFOU PG DFO
USBM BOE OPSUIFSO &VSPQF DBO CF TVQQPSUFE 5XP BEKBDFOU SPDLTIFMUFST FYDBWBUFE TJODF JO .VMB .VSDJB
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CPO EFUFSNJOBUJPOT $PNCJOFE XJUI UIF BTTPDJBUFE BSUFGBDU BTTFNCMBHFT UIJT JOGPSNBUJPO B
FTUBCMJTIFT UIF SFHJPOBM FYJTUFODF
PG BO &WPMWFE "VSJHOBDJBO QIBTF EBUFE UP LB $ #1 C
EPDVNFOUT UIF DISPOPTUSBUJHSBQIJD FOUJUZ PG B -PXFS 4PMVUSFBO
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TVHHFTUT IVNBO
BCBOEPONFOU EVSJOH UIF 0MEFTU %SZBT BSJE QIBTF BU "%# DN PG TUFSJMF EFQPTJUT TFQBSBUF UIF -PXFS .BHEBMFOJBO GSPN UIF
6QQFS .BHEBMFOJBO XIJDI QPTUEBUFT LB $ #1 BOE JT DPOUBJOFE JO B QBMFPTPJM SFQSFTFOUJOH B MPDBM NBOJGFTUBUJPO PG UIF
#MMJOH"MMFSE FQJTPEF
"U "%# DPNCVTUJPO GFBUVSFT EFđOF BO BSDIFPMPHJDBM TUSBUJđDBUJPO UIBU DBO CF SFTPMWFE XJUI DFOUJNFUSJD
QSFDJTJPO FYQMBJOJOH UIF IJHISFTPMVUJPO OBUVSF PG UIJT SFDPSE ăF WBSJBUJPO JO EJTUSJCVUJPO NBLF BOE UFNQFSBUVSF SFBDIFE JO
UIFTF GFBUVSFT NPTUMZ $ BDDPSEJOH UP '5*3 EBUB
QSPWJEFT JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF TQBUJBM TUSVDUVSF PG JOEJWJEVBM PDDVQBUJPO
FWFOUT IBWF CFFO EJĈFSFOUJBUFE TP GBS
6OMJLF CPOF TIFMM JT XFMM QSFTFSWFE QSPWJEJOH BO BCVOEBOU SFDPSE PG UIF VTF PG NBSJOF
TIFMM PSOBNFOUT JO BO BSFB LN GSPN FYUBOU DPBTUMJOFT ăF FWJEFODF GSPN QIZUPMJUIT BOE DIBSDPBM QSPWJEFT JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF
MPDBM FOWJSPONFOU BOE IPX JUT QMBOU SFTPVSDFT XFSF FYQMPJUFE 'PS JOTUBODF EVSJOH UIF -(. BOE UIF 5BSEJHMBDJBM GVFM XBT PCUBJOFE
GSPN BSJE MJHOJđFE QMBOUT NPTUMZ KVOJQFS XJUI &QIFESB "SUFNJTJB BOE XPPEZ 'BCBDFBF
XIJMF 1JOVT OJHSBTZMWFTUSJT XFSF QSFTFOU
BOE VTFE EVSJOH UIF .PVTUFSJBO BOE UIF 6QQFS .BHEBMFOJBO 1IZUPMJUIT GSPN $ZQFSBDFBF JOEJDBUF UIF DPMMFDUJPO PG QMBOU NBUFSJBM
GSPN B OFBSCZ XBUFSDPVSTF
174
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
1PEJVN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 4FTTJPO 4B &YQMJDJU TJNJMBSJUJFT BOE FYQFDUFE WBSJBCJMJUZ UIF *OJUJBM 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JO /PSUIFBTU "TJB
/JDPMBT ;XZOT1 /JDPMBT 5FZTTBOEJFS2 .BTBNJ *[VIP3 -JVENJMB 7 -CPWB4 &WHVFOZ 1 3ZCJO5 4FSHFJ " (MBEZTIFW 5 "OESFJ 7 5BCBSFW5 %BNJFO 'MBT6 4UFWFO - ,VIO7
6OJWFSTJUZ PG $BMJGPSOJB%BWJT 64" p 6.3 53"$&4 6OJWFSTJUÊ 5PVMPVTF -F .JSBJM 'SBODF p 5PLZP
.FUSPQPMJUBO 6OJWFSTJUZ 'BDVMUZ PG 4PDJBM 4DJFODFT BOE )VNBOJUJFT +BQBO p /PWPTJCJSTL 4UBUF 6OJWFSTJUZ 3VTTJB p *OTUJUVUF
PG "SDIBFPMPHZ BOE &UIOPHSBQIZ 4JCFSJBO #SBODI 3VTTJBO "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT /PWPTJCJSTL 3VTTJB p '34'/34
6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JFHF #FMHJVN p 4DIPPM PG "OUISPQPMPHZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG "SJ[POB 5VDTPO 64"
'PS B MPOH UJNF UIF FNFSHFODF PG GVMMĔFEHFE 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD USBEJUJPOT IBT CFFO SFHBSEFE BT B QSPYZ GPS UIF đSTU BQQFBSBODF PG
"OBUPNJDBMMZ .PEFSO )VNBOT ".)
JO &VSBTJB 8IFUIFS IVNBOT EJTQFSTFE QSJPS PS BĕFS UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG B GVMM A.PEFSO
#FIBWJPSBM 1BDLBHF JT B DSVDJBM RVFTUJPO GPS UIF UJNJOH PG UIF ".) EJTQFSTBM JO "TJB <> " TJOHMF EJTQFSTBM BDSPTT TPVUIFSO "TJB JT
VOMJLFMZ UP BDDPVOU GPS UIF EJWFSTJUZ PG UIF &VSBTJBO GPTTJM BOEPS BSDIFPMPHJDBM SFDPSE *OTUFBE JU IBT CFFO SFDFOUMZ FNQIBTJ[FE UIBU
TFWFSBM SPVUFT NVMUJQMF EJTQFSTBM PS PUIFS NFDIBOJTNT TVDI BT HFOF ĔPX TIPVME CF DPOTJEFSFE <> *O &VSBTJB BTTFNCMBHFT UFSNFE
BT *OJUJBM 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD *61
UIBU DPNCJOF .JEEMF BOE 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD GFBUVSFT VTVBMMZ QSFEBUF UIF PMEFTU ".) JO UIF GPTTJM
SFDPSE *O /PSUIFBTU "TJB UIFTF BTTFNCMBHFT BSF EPDVNFOUFE BT FBSMZ BT UIF (SFFOMBOE *OUFSTUBEJBM DJSDB LB DBM #1
JO 4JCFSJB
BOE JO .POHPMJB ăJT TJUVBUJPO MFBET VT UP BTL XIFUIFS UIF *61 SFQSFTFOU BO FBSMZ ".) EJTQFSTBM /PSUIXBSE GSPN UIF )JNBMBZB PS
BO JOEFQFOEFOU FWPMVUJPO PG TJNJMBS LJOET PG UFDIOPMPHJFT 6TJOH BSDIFPMPHJDBM EBUB XF DPNQBSF UIF EFđOJOH GFBUVSFT PG UIF *OJUJBM
6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD CFUXFFO UIF "MUBJ BOE /PSUIFSO $IJOB ăJT MBSHFTDBMF DPNQBSJTPO GPMMPXT NFUIPET TVHHFTUFE UP RVBOUJGZ UIF
EFHSFF PG DPNQMFYJUZ PCTFSWFE XJUIJO BTTFNCMBHFT VTJOH UIF DPODFQU PG QSPDFEVSBM VOJUT EFWFMPQFE CZ 1FSSFBVMU BOE DPMMFBHVFT <>
5P EJĈFSFOUJBUF DVMUVSBM USBOTNJTTJPO EJTQFSTBM
GSPN DPOWFSHFODF JOEFQFOEFOU JOWFOUJPO
TQFDJđD UZQPUFDIOPMPHJDBM NBSLFST
IBWF CFFO EFđOFE <> BOE SFDPHOJ[FE BT DVMUVSBMMZ TFOTJUJWF GPMMPXJOH UIF DPODFQUT PG JOUSJDBUF DPNQMFYJUZ BOE SFHJPOBM VCJRVJUZ
EFWFMPQFE CZ #ZSOF <> ăF SFTVMUT PCUBJOFE VOEFSMJOF SFHJPOBM QBUUFSOT PG WBSJBCJMJUZ CFUXFFO BTTFNCMBHFT CVU BMTP IJHIMJHIU FY
QMJDJU TJNJMBSJUJFT *OTUFBE PG SFQSFTFOUJOH UFDIOJDBM DPOWFSHFODFT POMZ UIF TIBSFE GFBUVSFT ESBX UIF DPOUPVST PG B /PSUIFBTU "TJBO
*61 UFDIOPDPNQMFY UIBU QSFEBUFT UIF GVMMZ EFWFMPQFE 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JO UIJT SFHJPO #FDBVTF UIF TVEEFO BQQFBSBODF PG TVDI B
UFDIOPDPNQMFY EVSJOH UIF (SFFOMBOE *OUFSTUBEJBM JNQMJFT NPWFNFOUTDPOUBDU PWFS MPOH EJTUBODFT UIF SFTVMUT QSFTFOUFE IFMQ
NPWF UPXBSE B CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG -BUF 1MFJTUPDFOF QPQVMBUJPO EZOBNJD $POTJEFSFE JO UIF DPOUFYU PG SFDFOU BEWBODFT JO QIZT
JDBM BOE NPMFDVMBS BOUISPQPMPHZ BSDIFPMPHJDBM EBUB QSPWJEF OFX QFSTQFDUJWFT PO UIF TJHOJđDBODF PG UIF A/PSUIFSO 3PVUF GPS UIF
TDFOBSJPT PG ".) EJTQFSTBM JOUP "TJB
3FGFSFODFT<> .FMMBST 1 (PSSJ ,$ $BSS . 4PBSFT 1" 3JDIBSET . 1 (FOFUJD BOE BSDIBFPMPHJDBM QFSTQFDUJWFT PO UIF JOJUJBM NPEFSO
IVNBO DPMPOJ[BUJPO PG TPVUIFSO "TJB 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF /BUJPOBM "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT EPJ QOBT <> 3BTNVTTFO . (VP 9
8BOH : -PINVFMMFS ,& FU BM "O "CPSJHJOBM "VTUSBMJBO (FOPNF 3FWFBMT 4FQBSBUF )VNBO %JTQFSTBMT JOUP "TJB 4DJFODF /FX :PSL /:
QQ <> 1FSSFBVMU $ #SBOUJOHIBN 1 + ,VIO 4- 8VS[ 4 (BP 9 .FBTVSJOH UIF $PNQMFYJUZ PG -JUIJD 5FDIOPMPHZ $VSSFOU
"OUISPQPMPHZ 7PM /P 4 "MUFSOBUJWF 1BUIXBZT UP $PNQMFYJUZ &WPMVUJPOBSZ 5SBKFDUPSJFT JO UIF .JEEMF 1BMFPMJUIJD BOE .JEEMF 4UPOF "HF QQ
44 <> ;XZOT / -BNJOBS 5FDIOPMPHZ BOE UIF 0OTFU PG UIF 6QQFS 1BMFPMJUIJD JO UIF "MUBJ 4JCFSJB 4UVEJFT JO )VNBO &WPMVUJPO -FJEFO
6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT -FJEFO <> #ZSOF 38 $VMUVSF JO HSFBU BQFT VTJOH JOUSJDBUF DPNQMFYJUZ JO GFFEJOH TLJMMT UP USBDF UIF FWPMVUJPOBSZ PSJHJO PG
IVNBO UFDIOJDBM QSPXFTT 1IJMPTPQIJDBM 5SBOTBDUJPOT PG UIF 3PZBM 4PDJFUZ # #JPMPHJDBM 4DJFODFT m
175
ESHE · ABSTRACTS
176
ESHE · AUTHOR / PAGE INDEX
A
Agarwal, N., 26
Akbal, E., 45
Alcázar de Velasco, A. , 27
Alconchel, S., 51
Aldeias, V., 28 , 83
Alex, B., 34
Ali, S., 95
Alshamali, F., 111
Alt, K., 89
Anagnostou, P., 29
Anastasi, A., 66
Anesin, D., 168 , 174
Angelucci, D.E., 168 , 174
Anikovich, M., 105
Ankjærgaard, C., 30
Arsuaga, J.L., 27 , 31 , 44 , 100 , 128 , 147
Ashton, N., 32
Asrat, A., 130
Assefa, Z., 130
Aureli, D., 143
Avilés-Fernández, A., 168
B
Badal, E., 174
Bahain, J.-J., 59 , 130
Balzeau, A., 81 , 166
Banks, W., 65
Barash, A., 35 , 38
Barbieri, A., 33
Bargalló, A., 51
Barkai, R., 71
Barzilai, O., 34 , 43
Bastir, M., 35 , 38 , 76
Bates, M., 32
Bates, R., 32 , 101
Bayle, P., 36 , 65
Beaudet, A., 37
Beauval, C., 65
Been, E., 35 , 38
Beeton, T., 90
Behrensmeyer, A.K., 140
Belcastro, M.G., 112
Bello, S.M., 39
Benazzi, S., 40 , 68 , 71
Berger, L., 103
Bermudez de Castro, J.M., 100
Berna, F., 168
Bernardini, F., 61 , 109 , 163 , 173
Berthaume, M., 41
Betti, L., 42
Biddittu, I., 61
Birch, S.P., 172
Boaretto, E., 34 , 43
Bobe, R., 140
Bocherons, H., 132
Böhner, U., 162
Bondioli, L., 163 , 173
Bonenfant, C., 57
Bonmatí-Lasso, A., 44
Bonneau, N., 45
Bordes, J.-G., 65
Borel, A., 46
Borgia, V., 47
Boscato, P., 143
Boschian, G., 173
Botton, J., 139
Braga, J., 37
Braun, D., 140
Bromage, T., 100
Brühl, E., 141
Bruxelles, L., 28 , 36 , 37
Buchegger, L., 48
Buck, L., 49
Büdel, T., 56
Buitrago-López, A.T. , 168
Buzhilova, A., 50
C
Cabanes, D., 174
Capecchi, G., 119 , 137
Capocasa, M., 29
Caramelli, D., 109
Cardoso, H., 171
Carlin, M., 47
Carlson, K., 103
Carretero, J.M., 44 , 128
Chacón, M.G., 51
Chalamon, M., 59
Chapman, T., 52
Chapon, C., 130
Cherubini, A., 149
Chèze, L., 46
Chiotti, L., 28 , 53
Clarke, R.A., 67
Cobb, S.N., 157
Cofran, Z., 54
Collard, M., 131
Colombet, P., 36
Conard, N.J., 33 , 97 , 116 , 132
Condemi, S., 57 , 107 , 112 , 119 , 137
Coolidge, F., 55
Coppa, A., 163 , 173
Couture, C., 65
Cremaschi, M., 109
Crezzini, J., 47
Crompton, R., 32
Cunha, E., 76
D
Damblon, F., 124
D'Aout, Kristiaen, 32
David, R., 160
Davies, S., 101
Dayet, L., 144
De Beer, F., 37
De Fanti, S., 149
De Groote, I., 32
de la Rasilla, M., 76
De Loecker, D., 141
De Vos, J., 93
Dean, C., 88 , 113
Debono Spiteri, C., 56
Degioanni, A., 57
Delpiano, D., 58
Demirhan, O., 45
D'Errico, F., 65 , 144
Détroit, F., 59 , 81 , 166
di Maida, G., 60
Di Vincenzo, F., 61 , 109
Dibble, H., 28 , 83 , 106
Discamps, E., 65
Dobney, K., 131
Dobrovolskaya, M., 115
Douglass, M., 106
Dowdeswell, M.R., 91
Dreossi, D., 163 , 173
Drucker, D., 95 , 132
Duff y, S., 32
Dumoncel, J., 37
Dunsmore, M., 62
Duval, M., 63
E
Eapen, V., 67
Eisová, S., 73
El Zaatari, S., 64
Emanuele, S., 29
Estalrrich, A., 76
F
Faivre, J.-P., 36 , 65 , 167
Falzone, A., 66
Fang, Z., 67
Fernández-Jalvo, Y., 168
Fiorenza, L., 68
Fitton, L., 69 , 157
Fitzsimmons, K., 90 , 158
Flas, D., 175
Foley, R.A., 82
Fontes, L.M., 70
Fornai, C., 48 , 71 , 99
Frater, N., 72
Freidline, S., 84
Friedl, L., 73
Friess, M., 75 , 150 , 166
Froment, A., 75 , 139
Frost, S., 164
Frouin, M., 65 , 83
G
Gallagher, A., 74
Galland, M., 75
Galli, C., 109
Gamble, C., 136
García Martínez, D., 35 , 76
García Río, F., 35
García-Moreno, A., 77 , 89
García-Taberno, A., 76
Gasparyan, B., 95
Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., 77 , 89 , 141
Gerasimenko, N., 124
Giabobini, G., 109
Gigli, E., 109
Giovanni, D.B., 29
Giuliani, C., 78
Gladyshev, S.A., 175
Glantz, M., 90
Godinho, A., 114
Godinho, R.M., 79
Goldberg, P., 28 , 83
177
Gómez de Soler, B., 51
Gommery, D., 80 , 134
Gopher, A., 71
Gracia-Téllez, A., 44 , 100 , 128 , 147
Gravina, B., 65
Green, D., 140
Grimaud-Herve, D., 81
Grine, F., 84
Grove, M., 101
Grunstra, N.D.S., 82
Guadelli, J.-L., 36
Guérin, G., 65 , 83
Gunz, P., 84 , 121 , 159 , 160
Guralnik, B., 30
H
Haber-Uriarte, M., 168
Haesaerts, P., 124
Haeusler, M., 117
Harvati, K., 84 , 85 , 132 , 156
Hassett, B., 86 , 88 , 172
Hatala, K., 140
Henry, A., 56 , 104 , 133
Hernandez, M., 130
Herrel, A., 45
Herridge, V., 172
Hershkovitz, I., 34 , 71
Hoare, P., 32
Hoffecker, J., 105
Holliday, T., 73
Horton, K., 90
Hosfield, R., 87
Hovers, E., 130
Hublin, J.-J., 40 , 64 , 81 , 84 , 121 , 124 , 146
, 160
Huguet, R., 76
Humphrey, L., 88 , 171
Hutschenreuther, A., 56
Hutson, J., 89
Huws, D., 101
I
Iovita, R., 90 , 151
Ives, R., 171
Izuho, M., 175
J
Jain, M., 30
Jashashvili, T., 91 , 134
Jaubert, J., 65
Jeffries, T., 88
Jéquier, C., 92
Jones, M.K., 136
Joordens, J., 93
Jungklaus, B., 94
K
Kaiser, T., 89
Kandel, A.W., 95
Kellberg Nielsen, T., 96
178
Kgasi, L., 80
Kindler, L., 77 , 141
Kitagawa, K., 97
Kiura, P., 140
Kloos, P., 116
Knipper, C., 89
Kotula, A., 94
Koudou, Y., 139
Koulakovska, L., 124
Kozowyk, P., 98
Krause, J., 132
Krenn, V.A., 99
Krönneck, P., 97
Krueger, K., 64
Kuhn, S.L., 175
Kuiper, K., 30
Kullmer, O., 40
L
Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, F., 36
Lacruz, R., 100
Lahaye, C., 65 , 83
Lamb, H., 101
Lanteri, A., 135
Lari, M., 109
Laurat, T., 141
Lawrence, J., 102
Lbova, L.V., 175
Le Cabec, A., 103
Lebon, M., 59
Lenoble, A., 65
Leonard, C., 104
Leplongeon, A., 130
Lesur, J., 59
Levkovskaya, G., 105
Lewis, M., 32
Lewis, S.G., 32
Lewis-Bale, T., 86
Lin, S., 106
Lo Vetro, D., 109
Longo, L., 107
López-Jiménez, A., 168
López-Martínez, M., 168
Lorenzo, C., 128
Louryan, S., 52
Lucena, A., 174
Luiselli, D., 149
Lustenhouwer, W., 93
M
Macchiarelli, R., 37 , 163 , 173
Macho, G., 108
Mackay, A., 158
MacLarnon, A., 49
Madelaine, S., 36
Mancel, D., 36
Mancini, L., 163 , 173
Manzi, G., 61 , 109 , 135
Marais, E., 59
Marchi, D., 110
Marciani, G., 143
Marder, O., 34
Marina, S., 111
Mariotti, V., 112
Marshall, M., 101
M
Martelli, S.A., 113
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Martínez, S., 174
Martini, F., 109
Martín-Lerma, I., 168 , 174
Martinon Torres, M., 100
Martins, A.C., 114
Marwick, B., 158
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Mortlock, D., 67
Mounier, A., 119
Münzel, S.C., 97
Muscolino, F., 109
Mvimi, M., 59
N
Nadell, J., 120
Nespoulet, R., 53
Neubauer, S., 121
Newton, A., 122
Newton, I., 123
Nguyen, H., 40
Nicola, M., 29
Nigst, P., 124
Noack, E., 125
Novák, M., 161
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O
O'Connell, J., 104
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Ortega-Rodrigáñez, J., 168
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Ostrofsky, K., 140
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P
Pablos, A., 128
Parfitt, S.A., 32
Pasquini, A., 129
Pastoors, A., 60
Patel, B.A., 91
Pearson, O., 130
Peglar, S., 32
Pennisi, A., 66
Pereira, L., 111
Peresani, M., 58 , 92
Perez-Criado, L., 167
Persico, D., 109
Piezonka, H., 60
Pike, A.W., 136
Pinto, I., 114
Pirson, S., 124
Pitarch Martí, A., 144
Platonova, N., 105
Pleurdeau, D., 59 , 130
Plisson, H., 65
Plomp, K., 131
Poggi, G., 143
Poggiani Keller, R., 109
Porat, N., 30
Posth, C., 132
Potze, S., 80
Pouydebat, E., 46
Power, R., 133
Prat, S., 134
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Pryor, A.J.E., 136
Puaud, S., 130
Puymerail, L., 137
Q
Quagliariello, A., 149
Quintard, A., 65
R
Raaum, R., 138
Rae, T., 49
Ramirez Rozzi, F., 139
Ravara, S., 109
Ravazzi, C., 109
Rendu, W., 65
Reyes-Centeno, H., 85
Rhodes, S., 168
Ricci, S., 119 , 137
Richmond, B., 140
Richter, D., 141
Richter, P., 162
Rivera, F., 142
Roberts, H., 101
Rodríguez-Estrella, T., 168
Roebroeks, W., 93 , 141
Romagnoli, F., 51
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Rooze, M., 52
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Rosso, D.E., 144
Roussel, M., 145
Rubini, M., 61 , 133
Ruebens, K., 146
Rybin, E.P., 175
S
Sala, N., 147
Salazar-Garcia, D.C., 133
Sandgathe, D., 28 , 83
Sarig, R., 71
Savage, R., 32
Sawyer, S., 167
Sázelová, S., 148 , 161
Sazzini, M., 149
Sbanchi, M., 150
Schloesser, N., 151
Schmidt, S., 56
Schmidt, T., 160
Schoch, W., 162
Schönau, E., 156
Schuenemann, V.J., 95
Schüler, T., 152
Schulp, A., 93
Schwartz, J., 153
Schwenninger, J.-L., 168
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Scott, N., 121
Senegas, F., 154
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Sholukha, V., 52
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Sitzia, L., 36
Skinner, A., 168
Slizewski, A., 156
Smith, G.M., 77 , 141
Smith, O.A.M., 157
Smith, T.M., 103
Soares, P., 111
Soressi, M., 145
Soriano, S., 167
Soto, M., 51
Spagnolo, V., 143
Spisni, E., 149
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Spry-Marqués, P., 124
Stahlschmidt, M., 158
Steele, T., 158
Stelzer, S., 159
Stoessel, A., 160
Strand Vidarsdottir, U., 131
Street, M., 165
Stringer, C., 32
Sunkar Biçer, Ö., 45
Susini, D., 174
Svoboda, J., 161
T
Tabarev, A.V., 175
Tafforeau, P., 103
Taimagambetov, Z., 90
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Teyssandier, N., 175
Thackeray, F., 37 , 134
Tillier, A.-M., 65
Tocheri, M.W., 91
Torres, I., 35
Toussaint, M., 64
Tozzi, C., 173
Tribolo, C., 130
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Turley, K., 164
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U
Usik, V., 124
V
van Heteren, A.H., 166
Van Os, B., 93
Van Sint Jan, S., 52
Vaquero, M., 51
Vashro, L., 104
Veldman, A., 59
Veneziano, A., 135
Verna, C., 167
Villaluenga, A., 89
Villaverde, V., 174
Voeltzel, B., 167
W
Wadley, L., 116
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Wallduck, R., 39
Wallinga, J., 30
Warshaw, J., 100
Watzke, J., 56
Weaver, T., 169
Weber, G.W., 48 , 71 , 99
Weniger, G.-C., 60
Weston, D., 131
Wijbrans, J., 30
Williams, C., 32
Wilshaw, A., 170
Wilson, L., 171
Wragg Sykes, R., 172
Z
Zaio, P., 61
Zanolli, C., 61 , 109 , 163 , 173
Zapata, J., 174
Zazzo, A., 59
Zhao, Z., 67
Zilhão, J., 174
Zwyns, N., 175
179
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peshe 3 - ESHE - European Society for the study of Human Evolution

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