3 - Bronto Creatives

Transcription

96 page annual report for
Singapore Association for
Mental Health
ngonly.pdf
-V4-forviewi
A-20120808
2
1 8/8/201
Presiden t’s Message
9:25:51 PM
1- Cover-F
SAMHARYR1
tion
e Associa
Singapor
l Health
ta
en
M
r
fo
yoh
4 Toa Pa
69 Lorong
10069)
#01-365 S(3
22
32
55
T: 62
34
F: 6252 68
m.sg
singnet.co
E: samhhq@
rg.sg
amhealth.o
W: www.s
O
SI N G AP
CI
RE AS SO
L
R M EN TA
AT IO N FO
H EA LT H
Over the last year, SAMH has made headway with regards to developing services, engaging leaders, building up a
network of peers and developing a communications strategy to reach the public. At our last Charity Dinner, it was
the first time a Head of State, President Dr Tony Tan was a Guest-of-Honour. SAMH also had a golden opportunity
to update Health Minister Mr Gan Kim Yong during his visit to Club 3R to garner support for the Association’s work
and to address some of the challenges faced in developing community mental health services related to resource
allocation e.g. lack of suitable sites for new services. Interestingly the visit was initiated by an inspired caregiver, the
father of a client in our services. This highlights the important role of caregivers in enhancing mental health outreach
and service delivery systems.
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
ss
tal Wellne
en
Towards M
I am a psychiatrist whose subspecialty is in working with children and adolescents.
Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialise in mental illness. By this very notion,
it means that psychiatrists can be rather dogmatic in the way they view problems.
Mental illnesses or psychiatric disorders have been classified for the longest time
using a medical model classification system. Such a system implies discreet categories
of illnesses based on either symptom clustering or causality. In psychiatry, most of the
illnesses are based on symptom clusters as causes are often complex and not linear in
nature. Many psychiatrists use medications as the mainstay of treatment to alleviate
symptoms associated with serious mental illnesses. However, mental illnesses have
many concurrent social issues that need more than just medicine. Motivation for
treatment, support of peers and caregivers and a nurturing society that can accept
the marginalised and stigmatised cannot be treated with medications. This is the role
of the Singapore Association for Mental Health. Our objectives are to promote mental
health, prevent mental illness, improve the care and rehabilitation of the mentally ill
and the emotionally disturbed, and to reduce the misconception and social stigma
that surround mental illness. Many of what SAMH hopes to do cannot be done by
ourselves alone and would need collaboration and partnership.
M A N AGEMEN T COMMITTEE
b
Activity Hu
Village
@Pelangi een
Associate Professor
This is the third year that I am elected to the office of President and I hope to focus
Daniel Fung,
on 3 main areas in the coming year:
President, Chairperson,
(a) Encouraging help seeking behaviour;
Personnel and Strategic Review
(b) Developing new community initiatives to support the mentally ill, and
Committees, & Fundraising
(c) Improving the staff structure and governance within our organisation.
Committee Member
ok Gr
8 Buangk
S(539752)
78
T: 6315 67
79
F: 6315 67
Encouraging Help Seeking Behaviour
The recent Singapore Mental Health Survey reveals that there is a significant delay to
seek professional help for psychiatric disorders. Self and perceived stigma continues
to be barriers in the delivery of community mental health services. The challenge
for any community mental health organisation like SAMH is to continue to pioneer
integrated non-stigmatized service systems so people can utilise this services without
worrying about perceptions. For this to happen, an overall collaborative process
needs to be in place which supports the development of a seamless service network
and creating a culture of openness and acceptance within our communities.
bak
Bukit Gom
mes
5
Group Ho
East Ave
Batok
239 Bukit
50239)
#01-165 S(6
03
T: 6564 70
98
F: 6265 14
2
SINGAPORE ASSOCIATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH
Annual Report FY2011
Office
Bearers
Y
CM
MY
& Personnel Committee
Member
150
Ms Joanne Chio Siew Ling,
Honorary Secretary,
Personnel Committee Member
& Fundraising Commitee
Member
h
4 Toa Payo
69 Lorong
10069)
#01-365 S(3
22
T: 6255 32
34
F: 6252 68
M
CMY
K
120
90 77
78 77 81 76 72 71 70 78 76 75 75
60
30
0
Hub
Creative Road
CY
n
90 Goodma
e
Arts Centr
Goodman
752)
1-47 S(539
Block L #0
51
84
44
T: 63
51
F: 6344 84
8
d
ntre an
Insight Ce
re
Oasis Cent
e3
g Pasir Av
139 Poton
9)
6 S(35013
#01-132/13
76
T: 6283 15
40
21
F: 6283
7019
1800 283
Helpline:
28 30 32 34 33 32 39 45 43 43 43 42
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Resident Earning Scheme
Associate Professor Sheltered Workshop
Leslie Lim Eng Choon, NATURE OF ACTIVITIES/ PROGRAMS
Honorary Treasurer,
INITIATIVES IN FY2011
Chairperson, NEW
Fundraising
(a) Retail Training Programme
Commitee & Personnel
This is a pilot joint training project with AH residents, as
Committee Member
well as clients from BGGH, Insight Centre, YouthReach
and Club 3R. The training aims to equip clients with
basic retail skills such as use of cash register, account and
inventory paperwork, communication and marketing.
Participants are subsequently placed in transitional
employment to apply the skills learned and gain working
experience.
Supported
by:
MsFoong
CarineChei,
Ang,
Mrs Tan
Committee Member
Member
Committee
(b) Social Enterprise
AH staff managed the Suntec Retail Store, a
groundbreaking eight-month project that involved
staff and clients from AH and other SAMH centres. The
objectives were to help clients enhance vocational skills
and facilitate readiness for competitive employment, as
well as to increase public awareness of SAMH services,
and in the process reduce misconceptions and social
stigma surrounding mental illness. Creative handmade
items like jewelry, handphone accessories and paintings
were sold, with proceeds going back to the residents
after deducting the basic cost of materials.
SOCIAL WORK SERVICES
Social Work Services (SWS) aims to deliver enriching
and effective rehabilitation for residents in PV with the
eventual goal of re-integrating into the community.
Psychosocial rehabilitation programmes conducted
include individual case management, job and social
assessments, personal skills training sessions, support
groups and recreational activities.
A highlight during the financial year was the collaboration
between SWS and both Northeast and Northwest
Community Development Centres (CDC) to develop
the vocational skills of residents through special skills
courses offered by them. Residents with interest and
potential for external employment were encouraged to
apply for CDC training programmes such as Motivational
Workshop to boost confidence, ‘Shape-Up’ to improve
retail image and sales approaches, and Workforce
SkillsYeo Tuck Eng,
Mr Colin
Qualification in various areas.
Committee Member
Dr Ong Say How,
Committee Member
& Fundraising
Commitee Member
ACT I V I TY HUB
potential and are keen for employment. Various forms of
support are provided to residents throughout the
process
of gaining and maintaining employment such as
Dr Joseph Leong
Jern-Yi,
Committee Member
orientation to the working environment, mediation with
& Chairperson,
Services and provision of emotional support through
employers
Review Committee:
Support
counselling.
Services
In FY2011, VPS provided residents with 277 external
employment opportunities. A total of 263 residents
(94.9%) were successfully employed. This constitutes
an average of 22 residents being successfully employed
each month. We are grateful to employers concerned
for providing these opportunities and support to our
residents. In the new financial year, we will continue to
work with the residents and employers on job retention.
The figure below shows a breakdown of the number of
employment opportunities in April 2011 - Mar 2012.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
SINGAPORE
ASSOCIATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH
0
300
250
200
150
100
0
Mr Bernard Lian Thiam Huat,
Committee Member &
Chairperson, Services Review
Committee: Rehab & Research
Services
3
9
50
NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN FY2011
VOCATIONAL PLACEMENT SERVICES
In FY2011, sexuality issues were increasingly discussed
in individual psychological interventions as a response to
emerging trends. Male and female residents were also
integrated in group sessions to facilitate appropriate
interaction in community conditions. To enhance
engagement and content delivery, the use of multimedia
was increased to encourage positive feedback.
Another milestone during the year was participants in
the computer-based Cognitive Training programme
completing the basic course and either graduating to
the advanced course or gaining employment.
200
150
100
50
0
NUMBER OF RESIDENTS SERVED DURING THE FINANCIAL
YEAR (MONTHLY AVERAGE 189)
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES
The focus of Psychological Services (PS) is to relieve
psychologically-based distress and/or dysfunction and
to promote subjective well-being in residents. Sessions
conducted for this purpose include psychological
assessments and interventions, psycho-education,
social skills training, anger management and addiction
management.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
NUMBER OF RESIDENTS SERVED DURING IN FY2011
(MONTHLY AVERAGE 120)
ART THERAPY SERVICES
NUMBER OF RESIDENTS SERVED BY VOCATIONAL
PLACEMENT SERVICES IN FY2011
ch
YouthRea Hub@Tiong Bahru
l Service
Socia
Bahru Road
298 Tiong
za
Central Pla
68730)
#03-08 S(1
20
64
93
T: 65
26
F: 6665 93
M A N AGEMEN T COMMITTEE
Committee
Members
ACT I V ITY HUB
Club 3R
C
Developing Community Initiatives
A review of our services in FY2011 has shown that all programmes continue to meet their service targets. SAMH has
also been working with major stakeholders like the Agency for Integrated Care and the Ministry of Health to be part
of a larger national mental health strategy. A number of new initiatives were pioneered to address the needs of our
clients and their families.
(1)
The management contract for the Pelangi Village Activity Hub has been renewed by MCYS for another five
year period with effect from 1st April 2012. “Project 65”, a new individualised programme proposal which is
developed based on length of stay, age grouping and as well as the aspirational need of the residents was
adopted for implementation. With the changing profile of the new residents, it was important to revisit the
programme strategy.
(2)
Creative Hub was opened in September 2011 at Goodman Arts Centre as part of a 5-year plan to expand
SAMH’s Club 3R services in the community. The service delivery is based on an integrative concept that utilises
creative arts and therapeutic work and aspires to reduce stigmatisation.
(3)
Tote Board Community Healthcare Fund (TBCHF), approved a sum of $859,807 (80% of programme cost) in
support of SAMH YouthReach Residence. It is an innovative, youth respite program that looks at the recovery
of youth identified with a mental illness. It is based on a unique combination of WrapAround, Milieu Therapy
and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Model. This will provide a step down facility from hospital inpatient care. The
current challenge is locating suitable facilities to launch the programme.
(4)
SAMH partnered RealTime Health to produce an educational video titled 'Living with Schizophrenia'. The video
is interview driven with personal stories shared by participants living with schizophrenia. The online video is a
valuable tool for SAMH to reach out to the patients and family members. With this added asset, we are looking
forward to reaching out to an even wider group of audience especially through the uploading of the video to
the internet. Through this partnership we are able to address the need for Asian Based Recovery Stories to
enhance our outreach strategy. SAMH would be piloting the launch of a mobile application to help people
cope with their mental illness.
(5)
SAMH has merged Club3R services with the Oasis Club for greater synergy of drop in services for the mentally
ill who are well enough to be home or go to work but still require some level of support and recreation. Plans
are underway for the expansion of its services into two other locations namely Jurong and Bedok and to ease
the over-crowding situation at the Toa Payoh location.
(6)
SAMH has set up a Research committee led by Professor John Rush from Duke NUS Graduate Medical School
to look into answering some of the questions about specific gaps and needs in our community work.
(7)
Time and effort was invested to develop corporate collaterals. Exciting, new programme brochures, Hope
Newsletter and posters were developed as part of this outreach strategy, to enhance the communication
and outreach. Efforts will continue, to expand corporate collaterals and to develop more electronic-based
communication.
(8)
SAMH and Silver Ribbon had jointly submitted a bid for hosting the World Federation Mental Health Biennial
Congress 2015, with the theme, “The New Synergy: Peer & Professional Partnership”. This congress will allow
SAMH to work towards the collaborative advocacy role that is important in the development of mental health
services.
(9)
NTUC Learning Hub and Northwest CDC are working with SAMH Oasis Day Centre and Club 3R to develop
an Environmental Cleaning WSQ Course for residents of Pelangi Village which will equip them for employment
Dr Lee Cheng,
for the cleaning industry at the national level.
Vice-President
ANNUA
L R
Vocational Placement Services (VPS) play an important
role in the rehabilitation process of PV residents. The
objective of VPS is to facilitate reintegration with the
community by improving a resident’s confidence,
financial stability and independence in competitive
employment. Staff explore external employment
opportunities and job-match residents who have
FY2011
EPORT
52
During the financial year, Art Therapy Services (ATS)
continued on its mission to provide holistic and
therapeutic rehabilitation to the residents of Pelangi
Village through programmes such as drawing, ceramics,
sculpture, woodworking and painting. Art therapy
intervention is also provided to residents to help them
53
of:
Member
Creati ve Hub
Creative Hub was opened in September 2011 at
Goodman Arts Centre as part of a five-year plan to
expand SAMH’s Club 3R services in the community. It
is an integrative concept that incorporates the creative
arts in therapeutic work. Predicated on the belief that
people can heal and grow through creative expression,
visual art, music and dance are utilised in a supportive
environment to promote recovery and mental wellness.
From unformatted
Word document
Creative Hub
Through the Creative Hub,
• Persons with mental disorders will have a communitybased platform for expressive therapy. This will
enhance integration and reduce stigmatisation.
• Caregivers struggling with the care of persons with
mental illness can be supported by using expressive
arts in improving their personal wellbeing.
• The general public can use expressive arts as a
therapeutic tool for reducing stress, increasing
self-awareness and preventing the development of
disorders.
• Public awareness and education will increase
collaboration among community partners, thus
creating more opportunities for persons with mental
illness.
experiential WOrkShOpS
These 90-minute workshops engage participants in
using the creative process for expression, reflection and
to increase awareness.
puBliC talkS and WOrkShOpS
Seven talks and workshops for the general public to
promote mental health and create awareness of mental
illness were conducted. Total participations under
outreach was 408.
No of participaNts by programme from september
2011 to march 2012
Programme
Sept
2011
Oct
2011
Nov
2011
Dec
2011
Jan
2012
Feb
2012
Mar
2012
3
5
5
9
8
9
15
54
6
22
116
Individual Art
Therapy
Skill Session
9
9
36
28
Open Studio
14
2
8
8
6
22
16
76
Closed Studio
0
25
18
19
18
19
21
120
Closed Therapy
Group
0
0
0
14
14
13
13
54
Caregivers
Therapy Group
0
3
7
0
4
0
5
19
Art/ Music
Experiential
0
19
27
15
8
24
10
103
0
20
260
10
22
55
41
Outreach
6
Total per
programme
408
Brief description of programmes
moNthly Number of participaNts iN creative hub
Open StudiO
This is a place to relax and discover joy in free expression
and spontaneous creativity, for individuals who need
to get away, for a while, from the hustle and bustle of
everyday life.
to print- and webready PDF file.
SkillS SeSSiOnS
Each month, we focus on different art skills and
techniques. Individuals can develop their abilities in a fun
and relaxing environment. In total we have conducted 11
different skills sessions.
Caregiver therapy grOupS
Caregiver therapy groups sessions are continually
conducted for caregivers to express and address their
emotions through art therapy.
individual art therapy/COunSelling
Art therapy is the process of creating art for emotional,
psychological and physical wellness. It is also used to
assist in reflecting, decision-making and finding solutions.
One way or another, we all have to find what best fosters the flowering of our humanity in this contemporary
life, and dedicate ourselves to that. - Joseph Campbell
grOup WOrk
In small groups with a maximum of six participants, and
led by a facilitator, Group Work is intended to empower
people and encourage personal development.
Month
No. of
Participants
Sept
2011
Oct
2011
Nov
2011
Dec
2011
Jan
2012
Feb
2012
Mar
2012
Total
Avg per
mth
26
80
331
97
89
178
149
950
156
Pie chart shows the different groups of clients served for
FY2011.
2%
12.5%
85.5%
People in Recovery
Public
SAMH Clients
Future direCtiOn
Creative Hub hopes to reach out to more people in order
to create awareness of mental health. We also hope to
target schools, especially children from lower-income
and to include programmes for the elderly living within
the vicinity.
57
Mental Health
l
r m en ta
ti o n fo
h ea lt h
OA SIS DAY CEN TRE
STATISTICAL RETURNS FOR OASIS DAY CENTRE
oasis Day centre (oDc) provides psycho-social rehabilitation for people with
psychiatric conditions. the main objective of oDc is to assist the trainees in reintegrating into the community by helping them improve the management of their
psychiatric conditions. training hours start from 9am to 5pm from mondays to fridays
(except public holidays). oDc is a programme funded by the ministry of health (moh)
and the national council of social service (ncss). trainees are required to pay a
monthly programme fee ranging from $10 to $35, which is calculated based on means
testing, a subsidy system introduced by moh.
Intake Assessments/ Admission Procedures
all referred applicants are required to attend an intake interview at oDc, whose
purpose is to assess suitability, while providing the applicant an opportunity to view
and learn about the centre. as the involvement and support of the family are important
in the rehabilitation process, at least one family member of the applicant must be
present at the intake assessment to provide an overview of the applicant’s profile. at
the same time, the process provides staff with an opportunity to clarify and have a
better understanding of the applicant’s life issues and goals.
Private Hospital/ Psychiatrists
Private Hospital/ Psychiatrists
5.3%
Khoo Teck Phuat Hospital
Khoo Teck Phuat Hospital
5.3%
Singapore General Hospital
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
AGENCIES
Singapore General Hospital
10.6%
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
5.3%
Institute of Mental Health (IMH)
30
annua
r
l repo
10
t fY20
annual report fY2010
Institute of Mental Health (IMH)
73.5%
7
trainees discharged
13
5
number of trainees as at 31 march 11
42
44
total attendance
8480
8111
total number of working days
252
253
average daily attendance
33.7
32.1
30
30.2 Male
40
50.6 Male
40.7 Male
50
50.9 Female
60
60.1 Male
70
60.6 Male
PROFILE OF TRAINESS ACCORDING
TO AGE AND GENDER IN FY2010
80
30.6 Female
PERCENTAGE OF REFERRALS
42
6
40.5 Female
SOURCES AND PERCENTAGE OF REFERRALS IN FY2010
FY2010
49
trainees admitted
in fY2010, 2 trainees took on the caregiving role at
home for their elderly brother and mother who had
chronic illnesses. as a result, the trainees had to apply
for long leave from oDc. last year, there were also a few
trainees who had to recuperate at home due to falls and
operations.
a person with mental illness between ages 19 to 55 can apply with a referral from
a psychiatrist. an application should include a psychiatric assessment and a social
report from the respective psychiatrist and medical social worker. photocopies of the
applicant and caregivers’ essential documents such as identity card, recent pay slips,
income tax and cpf statements are also required for means testing.
Source Referrals
in fY2010 oDc received a total of 19 referrals. imh continues to be a major contributor
among the mental health care hospitals. the following depicts the number of referrals
received from various agencies for admission to oDc.
FY2009
number of trainees brought forward
60.6 Female
llness
e
W
l
a
t
n
e
Towards M
60.1 Female
oasis Day
centre
OA SIS DAY CEN TRE
AGE AND GENDER OF TRAINESS
si n
a ss o c ia
g a po re
20
10
0
Pilot Programme for Dual Diagnosis
oDc started a pilot programme for persons with Dual
Diagnosis, working initially with persons with psychiatric
disability as well as with mild intellectual disability, to
study the needs and support required to support them.
all 5 who were admitted to the programme were able to
integrate into the main programme and 1 was discharged
for employment. oDc continues to work with special
schools and service partners to better support persons
with Dual Diagnosis.
Vocational Training
in fY2010, 5 trainees were discharged from oDc to open
employment. Discharge was initiated by the trainees,
supported by their caregivers, when they felt that they
had settled into their employment and was confident
of sustaining themselves on the job independently.
amongst these 5 trainees, 1 of them had a Dual Diagnosis
of a mild intellectual disability and psychiatric disability. in
the process of preparing her for work, we partnered the
family to educate them on illness management, specific
supports which the trainee will need to manage their
work stress and ways to communicate with the trainee to
facilitate sustenance. at the time of reporting, she was still
helping out in the family’s mobile flea market business.
Success Story – ‘Taking the First Step’
the highlight of this year’s vocational training is the
celebration for a trainee who went out to work for the
first time in her life! after a period of psycho-social
training, skills training and vocational counselling, oDc
placed her on work trials to let her gain confidence and
exposure. from the success that she experienced, she was
motivated to get a job on her own. she applied to work as
part of a fast food crew and was able to sustain herself for
a month. in the interim, she was also supported via phone
counselling when she encountered challenges at work.
she applied for other jobs on her own and initiated on
her own accord to be discharged from the centre after 6
months as she felt that she could manage on her own. at
our last outing, we understand that she was still working.
annual report fY2010
31
Mental Health
Community men tal
Healt H eduCation
Bukit GomBak
Group Homes
Bukit GomBak
Group Homes
75% stated that they are now better able to prevent
a relapse by identifying early symptoms and seeking
treatment.
82% believed that they have enhanced their coping
skills.
•
•
The Community Mental Health Education programme aims to increase public
awareness of mental health issues and concerns, to promote mental well-being,
and to reduce stigma against mental illness. In FY2012, a total of 92 events were
organised to further these goals.
Year
FY2012
FY2011
FY2010
Art
Talks /
Exhibitions /
Workshops
Seminars
24
19
16
14
10
4
Training
7
2
2
Outreach
19
16
13
Public
Forums
Visits to
SAMH
Media /
Publicity
Total
7
6
10
13
10
26
8
9
14
92
72
85
Public Forums
SAMH organises public forums on a regular basis across a wide range of mental
health topics. These forums aim to increase general knowledge of mental health
conditions and to provide practical advice. Audiences often provide feedback on
excellent speakers and relevance of the topics presented. Thanks to the support of
our speakers and participants, our public forums are generally well-attended.
EMPlOyMEnT
The following graph outlines the number of residents
who were employed and the number of job placements
made. The total number of placements made in FY2012
was 65.
FIGure 2: New ADMISSIoNS AccorDING To GeNDer
FIGure 5: cASeloAD AccorDING To rAce
30
OCCUPAnCy And CASElOAd
BGGH has a maximum capacity of 36 clients. Figure 3
depicts the monthly occupancy rate as of last day of each
month for FY2012. It also illustrates the actual caseload
served for each month.
RECOVERy
A supportive and recovery-oriented rehabilitative
environment, with individualised care plans, can greatly
minimise hospitalisations. Through psycho-education,
clients are taught to recognise early signs of relapses and
medication management as they gain further insight into
their illness thus enhancing their coping skills. clients are
then more empowered as they regain confidence as well
as independence which foster social inclusion. The chart
below shows that in FY2012, there were a total of 10
hospitalisations (18.9% of the total caseload). It is also
observed that lesser relapses occurred in those who
have received longer periods of rehabilitation.
25
seminars / Talks on menTal HealTH
A list of topics for talks / workshops conducted by SAMH professional staff is available
upon request to groups or organisations who are interested. They include stress
management, introduction to art therapy, and understanding mental illness, to name
a few. A minimal fee is charged as follows:
Less than 30 participants
More than 30 participants
Corporate
$150/hour
$250/hour
VWO / Schools
$100/hour
$200/hour
World menTal HealTH day 2012
World Mental Health Day is a global mental health education campaign initiated by
the World Federation of Mental Health (WFMH). This special day is commemorated
on 10 October every year across the globe.
In 2012, SAMH celebrated World Mental Health Day with the theme “The Way
Forward − Weaving Community Safety Networks”. Reflecting the theme, SAMH
jointly organised the event with the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) and Agency for
Integrated Care (AIC). It was a fruitful collaboration between the 3 representative
agencies of hospital, step-down, and community care.
Community Mental
Health Education
Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also
what it takes to sit down and listen. ~ Winston Churchill
over the years, caseloads with male clients continue
to be higher, compared to female clients. while the
percentage of caseload of ethnic groups remained
relatively constant for the past 3 years (see Fig. 5), there
is a slight shift in our caseload of ethnic groups in females
in the past year.
FIGure 6: relATIoNSHIp BeTweeN relApSeS AND No. oF
YeArS IN reHABIlITATIoN
A survey done in FY2012 with 29 clients on their recovery
goal revealed the following positive outcomes:
•
86% felt they have gained a greater insight of their
illness.
•
86% said that they are more knowledgeable about
their medication.
•
86% expressed confidence in communicating
with their doctor about their condition.
The occasion was set on 6 Oct 2012, at the Drama Theatre at School of the Arts
(SOTA). It saw 366 people getting together in the heart of the city to commemorate a
meaningful day. Dr Lam Pin Min, Chairman of Government Parliamentary Committee
(Health), graced the event as Guest-of-Honour. Dr Daniel Fisher, renowned psychiatrist
and mental health advocate, was keynote speaker for World Mental Health Day
2012. He talked about the meaning of recovery, and the importance of dialogue
and connection to recovery. He also shared about discovering his life purpose while
recovering from schizophrenia.
20
15
10
Table 1: lisT of social-RecReaTional acTiviTies
5
0
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
employed
placements
FIGure 7: eMploYMeNT AND JoB plAceMeNTS
Below are the outcomes from a survey conducted in
FY2012 with 29 clients on their community reintegration
goal:
•
86% said they have a better understanding of the
kind of job that they want.
•
72% believed that they are better able to sustain
themselves in a job.
•
72% stated that they have enhanced their
independent-living skills.
•
68% said they have a greater awareness of resources
available in the community.
•
75% expressed greater confidence about living on
their own in the community.
FIGure 3: SuMMArY oF MoNTH-eND occupANcY AND
cASeloAD
FIGure 8: SuMMArY oF SeTTINGS AFTer DIScHArGe
SOCIO-RECREATIOnAl ACTIVITIES
psychosocial rehabilitation services at BGGH, which
provides purposeful socio-recreational activities,
introduce clients to a variety of community resources and
offer them opportunities to seamlessly blend into the
community. The following table highlights the activities
organised in FY2012.
dISCHARGE
In FY2012, 24 residents were discharged from BGGH with
67% discharged into the community (see Fig. 8). Most of
these clients were able to acquire their own one-room
rental flats within four to six months upon application to
HDB while some were reunited with family members or
have moved out to live in staff quarters provided by their
employers. The number of clients who were referred
back to the referral source is 7 in FY2012, consistent with
FY2011, but maintained a decrease from 11 in FY2010.
Date
Activities
organizers / Sponsors
2012
Apr 19
clients’ wedding ceremony
BGGH / Newly weds
Jun 26
Dumplings Festival Treat
Donor: Mr lee Kee liang
Jul 8
Jurong lake run
Taman Jurong
community Sports club
Jul 13
Singapore Garden Festival
National parks Board
Aug 9
National Day Buffet Dinner
Donor: Mr richard Hew
Sep 1
Flyer outing / river cruise
Silver ribbon S’pore /
Jardine MINDSeT
Sep 4
project Mending Sky: us
Drama Box
Sep 28
Mooncakes Festival Treat
Donor: Mr philip Kwek
Sep 29
volunteering at Moon cakes
Making
Xing Yi Zhong Xing /
pasir ris elias cc
oct 2
Temple’s Anniversary vegetarian
Dinner
chee chung Temple
oct 6
SAMH world Mental Health Day
SAMH
oct 8
video Session on Nick vujicic’s
life cum Discussion
BGGH
oct 8
Flower Making Session (unit 3)
BGGH
oct 15
Flower Making Session (unit 4)
BGGH
oct 26
Hari raya Buffet Dinner
BGGH
oct 30
Movie: Finding Nemo
Simei care centre
Nov 3
carnival of Drums - The
promontory @ Marina Bay
Students care Service
Nov 13
Deepavali Buffet Dinner
BGGH
Nov 19
SAMH’s Governance Award
celebrations (units 3 & 4)
BGGH
Nov 21
SAMH’s Governance Award
celebrations (units 1 & 2)
BGGH
Nov 23
everything Matters Art exhibition
SAMH
Nov 26
Gift card Making Session (unit 3)
BGGH
Nov 28
News Discussion (Bus Drivers on
Strike) (unit 1)
BGGH
Dec 7
Bukit Batok Movie Night: Batman
Begins
Bukit Batok Gros
FIGure 4: cASeloAD AccorDING To GeNDer
FY2011
21
36
FY2011
37
120 page Wedding&Lifestyle
Magazine for MegaExpress
contents
EDITOR’S WORD
4
PUBLISHER’S WORD
6
EVENTS
Mega Expo Feature
MegaXpress International showcases the latest in weddings
and lifestyle
/2014
.pdf 1 7/4
M10Issue2
Cover - WL
DETAILS
Love Exchange
Buying gifts for your other half can be as fun as the
wedding
The Wedding Carriage
Ideas for memorable getaways
1:14:56 AM
8
16
FASHION
Hejab Chameleon
Inspirations for hejab-wearers from boardroom to ballroom
with colours from spring and summer
Probably Pink
Probably a girl’s first choice of lip colour
In The Nude
Versatile yet tricky, there is a nude lip shade for every skin
tone
Paint The Town Red
From the bright scarlet to the deep crimsons
20
24
60
20
Get Our
Digital
Version
Now
Masih
Bersama
n
Walaupu
COVER STORY
Seeking Daniella
Daniella Sya talks about her exodus from radio and foray
into TV and film
Kahwin
Muda
R
E
V
O
C
The
Modern
Hejab
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Turkeyof
A Land ts
Contras
82
38
50
51
52
L’Oréal Strong
Hold Defining
Gel
54
HONEYMOON
24
Turkey – A Land of Contrasts
A honeymoon destination with various climates and cultures
2
10 ISSUE
VOLUME
L
BILINGUA
Photography: Matthew Teo, Calibre
Pictures and Ideas
Styling: Nanny Eliana & Nur’ain Sopah
Model: Bianca from Basic Models
Hair: La Fayan Mode, 9448 5388
Makeup: MAKEUP & HAIR COSMOPROF
ACADEMY
Purple crystal slides, $29 each from
Chomel at all Chomel outlets.
BEAUTY
38
54
BEAUTY
Sensitive Swabs
Cleansers for sensitive skin
Rock Chic
Update the smoky eye with deep blues, rock chick style
Silver Lining
Few things open the eyes like silver, especially for our darkskinned sisters
Mauve It
Vary your use of pinks and mauves to suit the eyes
Plum Princess
Plums are sultry and bring out the gold in your tan
Blushing Bride
The pursuit of that healthy-looking flush, made simple
SANGGAR PENGANTIN
Muda Tapi Kekal
Pasangan yang kahwin muda dan masih bersama seperti
Shazimie Tahir dan Rita Buang semakin jarang kelihatan
LIFESTYLE
It Takes Two
To not go to the movies and have more meaningful date
night activities instead
76
90
2
INTERIOR
The Ottoman Empire of Comfort
Not only for sitting on, ottomans and stools can be storage
pieces adapted to the theme of your space
Nectar + Nude Eye Palette
$79 from Bobbi Brown at all Bobbi Brown counters
60
$15.90 at all leading
retailers including
Watsons, Guardian,
SASA, selected
departmental
stores and major
supermarkets and
hypermarkets
Rouge Artist Palette, #08 Plum
$72 from MAKE UP FOR EVER at all
MAKE UP FOR EVER counters
Spot Lighting
Shadow
in OR-1
Eyeshadow
Palette
62
64
$27 from KATE at all
KATE counters
Lash Power
Feathering Mascara
66
Quick
Remake
Liquid
$38 from Clinique at all Clinique
counters
68
70
TONI & Guy
Hair Meet
Wardrobe
Prep
Smoothing
Detangler
76
$21.90 available
at selected
personal
care stores,
supermarkets and
hypermarkets
Plum Princess
$23.50
from KATE
at all KATE
counters
B y N A N N y E L I A N A & N u R ’ A I N S O PA H
Plums make for a warmer and sultrier take
on the smoky eye; they also bring out the
gold in your skin if you have a tan. Keep your
hair soft and away from your face to balance
off this look.
82
Lip Sheer
in Plum
$36 from
Bobbi Brown
at all Bobbi
Brown stores
Quickliner for Eyes Intense
$30 from Clinique at all Clinique counters
Pro Finish,
#140 Neutral
Honey
86
Pressed Eyeshadow,
Metallic, Medium
Brown #856
$69 from MAKE
UP FOR EVER at
all MAKE UP FOR
EVER counters
STOCKISTS
88
Clever Kitchen
Full kitchen processes with half the effort, thanks
to these nifty gadgets
90
$22 from Shu Uemura at all
Shu Uemura counters
Pressed Eyeshadow,
Metallic, Medium Purple
#785
$22 from Shu Uemura at all Shu
Uemura counters
3
Applemango
volume
Essence Mist
for Hair
$25 from Skin
Food at all Skin
Food stores
68
69
:
uty Issue
The Bea
cks,
Lipsti ers
Blush he
&t
New
Smoky
Eye
DETAILS
“For a long day out, such as shopping or an outing with friends and family, fuss-free
materials such as viscose can still look fresh and put together, even after hours of wear.”
Sisters Ruwaidah and Rosmawati Saini, started Hijab Studio,
an online boutique specialising in various types and styles
of hejab and YuniQ Creations, an online Muslimah fashion
boutique, to fulfill the needs of women who are looking for
edgy, fun and fashionable ways of wearing the hejab. “Hijab
Studio is all about being fashion forward without sacrificing
modesty and catering to the modern hejab wearing woman
who is educated, well-travelled and has eclectic tastes. The
younger generation is interested in hejab styles that aren’t
dowdy or old-fashioned and can be worn with clothes that you
can buy off regular high street brands and shopping centres.”
Says Rosmawati, “Although rather synonymous with the Arab
‘galabeyah’ and the Malay ‘baju kurung’ there’s no reason that
one cannot mix and match the hejab with regular clothes for as
long as it is done modestly.”
a
l
l
e
i
n
a
D
s
r
e
f
e
r
P
Sya
wn
a
r
B
o
t
s
Brain
Ruwaidah, or better known as Aida, who is clearly the creative
think tank behind the businesses, says that selecting the right
fabric, length and even colour for your hejab depends on the
activity and weather for the day. She says hejab for outdoor or
indoor activities such as cycling or even yoga should be made
of materials that can breathe such as cotton and absorbent
materials such as cotton lycra. “It makes more sense for you
to keep the length of your hejab under two metres, so that
you can keep cool, especially in humid weather such as in
Singapore. For such activities, hejabs which are slip-ons are
preferred over fussy loose fabric needing twisting, knotting and
pinning.”
For work, where you’re most likely to find yourself in cooler, airconditioned environments, you would need something versatile
to take you between offices and restaurants for business
lunches. Woven cotton or georgette shawls make versatile
options for anything from three-piece power suits to traditional
‘kebaya’ and ‘baju kurung’ sometimes worn by Malay-Muslim
women on Fridays. “For a long day out, such as shopping or
an outing with friends and family, fuss-free materials such as
viscose can still look fresh and put together, even after hours of
wear.”
Ruwaidah elaborates, “For functions such as weddings,
product launch parties or dinners, the layering effect goes a
long way in creating an air of sophistication. Experimenting with
luxurious materials such as silk, chiffon or even lace or glitter
with tulle in all sorts of lengths and widths are recommended
for a more glamorous look.”
Jewellery can also be used to spruce up an evening outfit;
take a leaf out of our fashion spread where we have pinned
necklaces to the hejab instead of the usual brooches. Take
note to choose necklaces that are not too long; chokers and
collar pieces are definitely more suitable and practical than
longer lariat-type necklaces. While larger ornate pieces are
more striking and give your outfit a sense of movement, they
can also be heavy and weigh down your hejab, so unless you
are really good with securing your fabrics with pins, it’s best to
wear smaller, lightweight pieces for days when you have to be
on your feet a lot or going to meetings.
The Wedding Carriage
By NANNy ELIANA & CONAN GOH
Whether you prefer the vintage touch or to be whisked away in a luxury sedan
on your big day, every newlywed wants to make a memorable getaway.
W
And if you’re just too busy to change your outfit after a long day
at the office to see your relatives who have come to visit from
abroad for dinner, a change of hejab or even hejab accessory is
sometimes all you need for a change of look.
Our fashion spread this issue showcases the colours and cuts
on the catwalk with panache, Muslimah style. Colours are de
ri geur this season, particularly pink and orange in their various
permutations; you will find every shade in that spectrum from
fuschia to salmon and peach to cerise and even tangerine.
These shades also influence the yellows and purples on the
colour palette this season and you may still be able to spot the
rich cobalt or turquoise blues, a leftover from last year.
There are also plenty of large and small prints to play with;
you will find ethnic and abstract prints emerging while paisley
makes yet another comeback, joining the floral prints that have
been on the catwalk from last year. If you’re concerned about
wearing clashing prints, remember to pair a printed piece with
a neutral colour such as white, black or khaki or keep them in
multiple but very small doses such as on your shoes or bag, or
on the sleeves of your jacket.
Opposite page: Headscarves are stylist’s own. Verde necklace
by Tataborello, $590, from www.tataborello.com. Jacket
with multi-coloured organza sleeves by Zardoze, $459, from
CK Tangs. Long-sleeved blouse by Warehouse, $113 from
CK Tangs. Drawstring trousers by Headline, $99 from CK
Tangs. Floral print heels, $180 from Steve Madden. 3.10 carat
diamond Mughal Ring, $3,500 from Arizma. Colt 33 timepiece
with Steel case, Stratus Silver dial with White Sahara leather
strap, $3,730, from Breitling.
settlers who moved to the Mississippi Valley. Evil spirits were
said to lurk at such happy events to cause a disturbance, so in
those days wedding guests made loud noises to ward them off;
some banged pots and pans, some sounded their horns, and
some tied cans to the bumper of the wedding car so that the
spirits don’t follow the newlyweds into their new life together.
The tradition of tying cans to the back bumper of the wedding
car is not just a kitschy trend of the hippie era as some would
think, but dates way back to the 1600s among early French
Perhaps bringing back some of these traditions with your
wedding vehicle of choice would make your wedding day more
memorable for you and your nearest and dearest.
Colours are de ri geur this
season, particularly pink
and orange in their various
permutations; you will find
every shade in that spectrum
from fuschia to salmon and
peach to cerise and even
tangerine.
Photo by Love Bug Rent a Beetle
20
40
edding vehicles are not merely for transporting
the bride and groom from place of
solemnisation to the new home or honeymoon.
There are many traditions involving wedding
vehicles that date as far back to the era of the Pharaohs in
ancient Egypt.
41
21
120 page Wedding&Lifestyle
Magazine for MegaExpress
Always check the budget
INTERIOR
“Apart from facilitating daily activities,
when used correctly, lighting can showcase
design elements such as colour and texture
and imbue a space with different moods.
You can also understate rather than
underline good design with poor lighting.”
Flowers can also make an intimate
event look expensive; if you do
not have the budget to decorate
your entire ballroom with your
favourite blossoms, then perhaps
it would be more sensible to
reserve them for the more intimate
solemnisation ceremony or that
wedding dinner for friends and
colleagues.
Before you decide for every corner of the ballroom and every
member of your family to wear the same blossoms as your
handheld bouquet, do a budget check. Labour makes a large
part of floral arrangement costs; blossoms need to be treated
and primed before they are arranged as part of the decor.
Flowers can also make an intimate event look expensive; if
you do not have the budget to decorate your entire ballroom
with your favourite blossoms, then perhaps it would be more
sensible to reserve them for the more intimate solemnisation
ceremony or that wedding dinner for friends and colleagues.
For best effect, it is better to focus all the blooms in a smaller
space rather than spreading them out.
Let There Be Light
NaNNy EliaNa
1
10 ISSUE
VOLUME
L
A
U
G
BILIN
3
an
Pasang
Lighting is not just a design issue, but a very practical one that influences our
daily activities. WLM flicks the switch to see what works and what doesn't.
We are
A
ny household would have different rooms
for different functions, so the lighting should
correspond with the activities in each room. Having
a reasonable variety of light fixtures in a room
allows for flexibility and control over the ambience of a space,
such as a directional light for reading, soft lighting for a quiet
evening and indirect lighting for stay-in movie nights.
Floor lamp lounge Big
Deal, Molecule living
8!
$890, at all Molecule Living Stores
This floor lamp is made of chromeplated metal, marble and plastics,
inclusive of dimmer.
Shedding the light on home lighting is Joey Khu from Project
File, “Apart from facilitating daily activities, when used correctly,
lighting can showcase design elements such as colour and
texture and imbue a space with different moods. You can
also understate rather than underline good design with poor
lighting.”
Now on!
iPad
Power
tangani ngga
rumahtaa
& kerjay
By Angel Florist (Tel: 6820 8306) using
purple orchids, white cymbidium
orchids and baby's breath
By Blissfulthots (Tel: 6252 7887)
using cymbidium orchids and
hypericium berries
FillSTa floor lamp, iKEa
$79, at all IKEA Stores
Gives a soft mood light. Polypropylene plastic, polycarbonate
plastic and aluminium. Designed by Gunner Jensen.
88
p in
Heads U
Photo courtesy of XXX
89
3434
35
FASHION
between ourselves was that I’m not quite established yet and
being the man of the family, I must be able to support her. I’m
fortunate in that Malaque and I are linked by the entertainment
business and she is a business owner herself, so she is more
understanding and accepting of my work and everything that
comes with the territory.”
Style
Hejab eup
& Mak
About Malaque
to
Colours rty
Hit a Pa
“At first my mother was hesitant
about accepting Syarif as a
son-in-law, because he is not
from Arab descent and she had
insisted before that I marry an
Arab. But Syarif has always
been very polite and a gentleman
with her; in fact he didn’t
propose to me first, but sought
my hand in marriage from my
mother and my stepfather.”
Happy New Hue
BY NaNNY EliaNa
s
d
r
i
b
g
n
o
S
&
Syarif e
Malaqu
to Marry
If you have anything to thank the tropics for, it would be the ease and aplomb
with which you can wear bright colours.
Photography:
Adrian Chen, Calibre Pictures and Ideas
Model:
Gabrielle S from Basic Models
Styling:
Nanny Eliana and Amelia Seah
Makeup & Hair:
Stella Leung, Tel: 9878 8667
Special thanks to the Sultan Hotel at 100 Sultan Gate for allowing us to shoot
on their premises
Opposite page: Pink maxi dress, $159 by Oasis from Robinsons, pink square
enamel earrings, $90 by Rosso Prezioso from Brandcoding, rainbow weave
wooden box clutch, $225 by Rachana Reddy from Inverted Edge, nude heels
are model's own.
Many might remember Malaque Mahdaly as one of the
final eight contestants in the last and final season of the
Singapore Idol. Syarif was then a promotions and advertising
intern with MediaCorp and was assisting with the running
of the Singapore Idol auditions and publicity activities for its
contestants. It was only a matter of time before the two of them
connected via Facebook and he invited her to see his shows.
They have been dating for over four years but it was not until
the last year that they thought about taking their relationship to
the next level.
“At first my mother was hesitant about accepting Syarif as a
son-in-law, because he is not from Arab descent and she had
insisted before that I marry an Arab. But Syarif has always been
very polite and a gentleman with her; in fact he didn’t propose
to me first, but sought my hand in marriage from my mother
and my stepfather,” Malaque beamed.
After training with cooking school Sunrice Global Chef
Academy in Singapore, the 24-year-old spent half a year in
Chicago, United States earlier this year, to practise and perfect
her craft in cake-making. Syarif had volunteered to accompany
Malaque's mother on her convocation as her stepfather was
unable to attend; this was a rare opportunity for the couple to
spend time together. They spent two weeks in Chicago and
New York, which Malaque said, “was best time we had ever
had together.” The Indonesian born Arab is now a proud owner
of a home-based online cake boutique, Gula by Malaque and
teaches belly dancing on the side. “My dream is to be able to
establish myself as a cake artiste and have a cooking school. I
have always liked to teach.”
The two will be tying the knot on the 22nd of November 2014
and Syarif, who was raised in Singapore by an Indonesian
father and an Indian mother, sees himself returning to
Singapore more frequently in the coming months to assist
Malaque with organising the wedding, which they are planning
on their own with the help of family and friends and without
engaging a wedding planner. He said, “I’m carving a niche for
myself and I’m sure there’s a way for us to be together even as
I get busier with projects in Kuala Lumpur. Malaque has always
been a pillar of support for me, and I also want to be the same
to her; hopefully my work will support her business and vice
versa.”
We wish the couple our warmest congratulations and the very
best for the future!
40
41
52
53
53
3
Session
Preparation
Objectives
n
e
v
e
s
s and
ser vation
b
O
,
e
c
n
nge
Evide
mate Cha
li
C
f
o
ts
c
Impa
disaster risk
reduction
Understand the links between disasters
and development
Articulate how disasters impact
development, and how development can
increase vulnerabilities to disasters
Why DRR: Linking Disaster and Development
2
1
Disasters provide
development
opportunities
Positive Realm
Negative Realm
Disasters set back
development
Session 3: Why DRR - Linking Disaster and Development
They challenge prospects for achieving
the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs), in particular the target of
halving extreme poverty by 2015.
of disasters particularly to vulnerable groups (e.g. poor,
children, elderly, etc.). The trainer-facilitator prompts
participants to individually reflect on the following questions:
a) How has this happened?
b) Who suffered most? Why they suffered?
c) What could have been done for this not to happen?
3. The trainer-facilitator will introduce to participants hard
two
orks
l Framew
d Regiona DRR
Global an
on
s
ie
and Bod
Curriculum
g Course
101 Trainin
e Project
DRR-CCA Community Resilienc
AP HEA
session
three
Disaster
: Linking
Why DRR elopment
ev
and D
Curriculum
g Course
101 Trainin
e Project
AP HEA
10
In Aceh, Indonesia, the 2004
Tsunami is estimated to have
increased the proportion of people
living below the poverty line from
30% to 50%. A DFID study found
that without the 2000-2001
drought, poverty in Pakistan would
have decreased by 13%.
11
12
13
14
Picture: Typhoon Morakot, Taiwan 2009
Absolute levels of disaster risk
are increasing due to various
pressures, including climate
change.
facts, data and statistics that show who suffer most and are
vulnerable to impacts of disasters especially the poorest of
the poor. He/she then cites actual contrasting situations and
cases between countries that are highly developed versus
the least developed which were both impacted by the same
type of hazard but because the latter has the least capacity,
has suffered most.
Economic losses associated with
disasters almost doubled in real
terms between the 1960s and the
1990s. But people’s perceptions of
the level of risk they face are
lagging behind.
Can sustainable development be
achieved without taking into account
of DRR?
• Answer: NO!
• Risk will always remain…
• We have to address the root causes of
vulnerability that includes:
 Human
 Economic
 Social
 Environmental
 Scientific
 Technical
 Physical
additional
handouts
• Disaster Risk Reduction is sound
investment for sustainable development
3
5
Exposure to disasters increases
the vulnerability of the poor,
deepening their poverty and
preventing them taking advantage
of economic opportunities.
Disasters pose a significant and
growing threat to development
Disaster Realm
6
 The 6.5, which hit central California in 2003, took two
lives and injured 40 people. By comparison, the 6.6
earthquake, which hit Iran four days later, killed over
40,000 people. Both events took place in areas with
high-density populations.
2. He/she will present slides that show the negative impacts
Development
can reduce
vulnerability
Disasters provide development opportunities
• Developing countries experience higher
levels of mortality
Steps
Curriculum
ing Course
Project
101 Train
DRR-CCA Community Resilience
AP HEA
Development
can increase
vulnerability
Disasters set back development
d.
• According to UNDP 24 out of 49 LDCs
face high levels of disaster risk
1. The trainer-facilitator explains the objectives of the session.
+
Development can increase vulnerability
c.
Disasters affect poor countries
and poor people the most.
Steps
Development Realm
-
Development can reduce vulnerability
b.
3
Facilitation
Disasters
provide
development
opportunities
a.
Session
Time: 1 ½ hours
Disasters
set back
development
3. The trainer-facilitator will prepare four coloured
A4-size papers. A medium-thick coloured paper
is recommended. He/she will write in each paper
the following statements:
2
4
Session
Development
can increase
vulnerability
2. He/she will write vertically in big bold letters
the statement, Negative Realm, on the left side
of the quadrant. He/she will also write on the
further right side, Positive Realm. On the upper
center, he/she will write Development Realm,
then Disaster Realm at the bottom center of the
quadrant. See the example on the next page.
is sound
investment for
sustainable
development
3
3
Session
Development
can reduce
vulnerability
session
1. Trainer-facilitator prepares four easel sheets and
join them all to create a quadrant
At the end of the session, participants must be able to:
Appreciate the importance of Disaster
Risk Reduction as core to good
development
n
o
i
s
s
e
s
3
Session
Preparation
12 session set of facilitator
handbook folders for
WorldVision
3
Session
Objectives
Session
session
five
Risk Reduc
tion
15
16
16
7
Measures
Curriculum
g Course
101 Trainin
e Project
AP HEA
session
six
ics:
hange Bas
Climate C d Causes
an
Science
Curriculum
g Course
101 Trainin
e Project
AP HEA
17

3 - Bronto Creatives

Transcription

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