AADMRT Newsletter Winter 2006

X-Ray Lab & Imaging
Currents
Quarterly Publication of the American Association of Dental Maxillofacial Radiographic Technicians
Winter 2006
TMJ Imaging:
What Should be the Standard of Care?
By: Dr. Francisco Eraso
Standard of care:
“ … watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence
that a reasonable person in the circumstances would
exercise …”
The problem is that the “standard” is often a subjective
issue upon which reasonable people can differ, however, a standard of care holds a person of exceptional
skill or knowledge to a duty of acting.
This brief descriptive paper is not trying to define by any means
the standard of TMJ imaging. The goal of this article is to
review some concepts for determining what is more appropriate in TMJ diagnosis using imaging as a diagnostic tool.
Knowledge of the anatomy of the TMJ is an extremely important component of the diagnostic process, it will help us to determine which imaging technique is the most appropriate in the
diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The anatomic components of the TMJ are osseous, soft tissues and
other structures (i.e. joint compartments).
(Figure 1 )
Francisco Eraso, DDS, MS, MS, MSD.
Visiting Clinical Associate Professor
Indiana University School of Dentistry
Department of Oral Facial Development
Orthodontics Section
Inside This Issue
TMJ Imaging
President's Message Jeannie Herriott...........2
Editor’s View
Standard continued on page 15
Camille Mayorga...............5
News and Trends
.....................................6
Membership Vote
...............................9
Board Report
Figure 1: Osseous component of the TMJ complex that can be seen
in an image
Dr. Francisco Eraso...........1
Merry Hampton.........10
California Report
Matt Kroona........13
New Product
Planmeca.............22
Lab Products
.................................26
President's Message
It is a privilege to be a part of this great organization, and I look forward to my final year on the
Board with both excitement for what is yet to be, and certainly a little anxiety about fulfilling my
commitment to you as your President. I will do my best in AADMRT’s strive for excellence in
service and education for its members, and I know this can happen with the help of terrific Board
members. I was so pleased at our last Board meeting to be a part of this caring, motivated and
dedicated group. And where would we be without the work of Merry as our secretary and Claudette
as our treasurer! Thank you all!
To follow in the footsteps of past president Craig Dial makes me understand how it must feel to be
next in line to skate after Michelle Qwan or Sasha Cohen! Craig has been an inspiration that has
made me want to do more than I thought I could for our organization. He has helped our organization build into what we are today - an awesome resource for our educational needs and goals. I
Jeannie Herriott
would like to thank Craig for his years of unselfish commitment, and to show where our organization has been and where it is going with some of my favorite messages from Craig over the years:
“...We, as an organization also need to continue to
stay updated in areas like computer technology, xray equipment, continuing education, and technical aspects. Our group has mega horsepower to get
the job done, plenty of torque to go forward with
new ideas, and you can be reassured your organization will take care of you, just like you have taken
care of it over all these years.”
“The AADMRT organization is also an
investment...Let’s look into what the AADMRT does
for our dollar. First off, our group offers continuing education courses twice a year. We also have a
tremendous resource through this quarterly newsletter. Another valuable piece of being a member
is our web site...The AADMRT is also advertising
your lab for you.”
Lastly, a quote printed in 2003 but appropriate today:
“This organization is based on volunteers to function. Without the people to come forward and volunteer, we would not have an organization. I am
proud of our entire group, and the fact that we as
an organization can step up, help out, and happily
assist when needed.”
I am also proud of our organization, and with the help
of the Board and other volunteers, we will continue to
get better and better.
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3
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Editor's View
Everyday we are faced with obstacles. Most of these obstacles are minor glitches that
keep our day from running as smoothly, and peacefully, as we would like. How about
when we finish writing the long and detailed email message and when we press send it gets
lost in never-land and we must begin again. Or when we turn off on our exit only to find
traffic backed up and we are already running late, or the coffee filter falls in and ruins the
fresh pot of coffee, and we have to start all over, these situations tend to make us feel
stressed and anxious. But these events are daily episodes that should not raise our heart
rate if we can just take them in stride and make the best of the situation. We cannot control
these daily-annoying obstacles; the only thing we can control is how they make us feel, and
how they change our disposition for that time and perhaps the rest of the day. I think the
Master Yogi’s really are on to something with the deep cleansing breath. At these critical
stressful moments, stop and take a deep breath in and out and let it go...
Camille Mayorga
“Any fact facing us is not as important as our attitude toward it, for that determines our success or failure”
~Norman Vincent Peale~
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News and Trends
Future Radiology Meetings
KAOMFR Winter 2006 - 38th General Assembly and Scientific Meeting, Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology March 17-18, 2006 Yonsei University Dental Hospital :http://eng.kaomfr..org
AADMRT Spring 2006 - The 2006 spring meeting will be held in Yorba Linda, California near Los Angeles. This
will be a 1-day 6 C.E. meeting, and will be held on a Saturday, May 6. Matt Montgomery is hosting, date yet to be
determined. Log onto www.AADMRT.org for details
EADMFR Summer 2006 - 10th European Congress on DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology 1-3 June 2006, Leuven,
Belgium www.eadmfr..org
CARS Summer 2006 - Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 20th International Congress and Exhibition
June 28 - July 1, 2006 Osaka, Japan www.cars-int.de/
th
AADMRT Fall 2006 - This meeting will be held at the beautiful Monterey Marriott on September 28-30 . Bart
web is hosting, more details to come in next issue of Currents, and the AADMRT web site.
AAOMR Fall 2006- The American Association of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology will have its annual session in
Charleston, South Carolina from November 16 – 20. For more details, log on to www.AAOMR.org
IADMFR Summer 2007 - The 16th International Congress of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology First Announcement
June 26-30, 2007 Beijing , China www.iadmfr..org
*For details on these and other meetings, please log onto the AADMRT web site and go to future events.
EADMFR
This is a european radiology group that you may want to get involved with. Their quote from the web site states: "It is the
objective of the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology to promote, advance and improve clinical practice, education and/or research specifically related to the specialty of dental and maxillofacial radiology within Europe,
and to provide a forum for discussion, communication and the professional advancement of its members. "
For more information log onto their web site at: www.eadmfr..org
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News and Trends
Chocolate River
ON NEW YEARS EVE A CHOCOLATE NAPA RIVER RAN THROUGH PACIFIC DENTAL
MOUNTS & SUPPLIES
There was about 4 feet of water in the parking lot and 6 inches of water in our building. We lost about half of our
inventory. Fortunately our manufacturing equipment was not damaged. When the water receded our offices were
covered with silt/mud which has amazing properties;
it is so slippery you are surprised to be on your rear in
the mud in an instant; it is of microscopic fineness that
is very heavy and dries to a plastic-like hardness. It
required two power-washer treatments and a supercharged wet vacuum to restore our floors. Replacing
our inventory and cleaning our inventory space has
been a challenge. We want to thank our loyal customers for understanding and continuing to support us.
Bill and Silvia Landt
Pacific Dental Mounts
Pacific Dental Mounts neighbors being creative in getting to their
business next door to us.
Find A Lab
Did you know that you can locate your lab via the AADMRT web site? That is right, if a
referral wants to find the closest lab to him or her, they can log onto our web site and type in
the zip code, the web site will give them the 5 closest labs to that zip code. Our web site can
also locate international imaging centers too.
Then the dentist can find out details about that lab like address, phone
number, if the lab has a web site, and the link to the labs site. The doctor
and his office (and patients) can even get a map with directions to your
lab! All this information is based on how much you choose to fill out
when submitting your application into our membership chairperson. So
log on now and type in your zip code to see what information your local
referrals can know about your office.
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Membership Vote on Bi-Laws
The AADMRT board of directors would like to propose an amendment to the
organizations Bi-Laws, and therefore require the general membership to submit
a vote on this proposal at the next meeting, which will be the spring conference
May 6, held at the Loma Linda University in Yorba Linda, California.
Tracy Saucier
According to article XIII Section B, “No amendment shall be put to vote unless written notice thereof, stating the proposed amendment, shall have been
mailed or delivered personally to each member of this association at least 10
days prior to the meeting at which the voter on the proposal amendment is to
be taken".
The proposed amendment is an addition to Article IV as follows:
Student Membership: Persons enrolled in the AADMRT X-Ray School are to receive ½ off of their
membership dues for no more than two years enrollment. At the time of the students issue of their
limited permit, to the end of two years, whichever comes first, the student will then be required to pay
full fair dues the same as all membership.
If you have any questions or suggestions
please contact Tracy Saucier, Bi-Laws
chair at: [email protected]
UPDATE DIRECTORY PHOTOS
Devery Wallace is working on the new
membership directory and would like an
updated photograph of the members. Many
of the members do not have a photo in the
directory at all and need to send one in. We
all have digital cameras in our office so get
a picture of yourself today and email directly
to Devery. She is still taking submissions for
the new cover so send her one of your favorite pictures and maybe she will chose it
for the next cover!
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Board Meeting Report
The AADMRT Board of Directors held it’s meeting in Sacramento,California on January
28, 2006. Merry Hampton, executive Secretary, submits the minutes:
The board has congratulated Jeannie Herriott for stepping up to fill Craig Dials shoes
as President of AADMRT.
Merry Hampton
The Board welcomes two new members:
Tony Giacobazzi will come in as Vice President, previously held by Duane Perry.
Sara Tarazi has assumed the Nominating chair position from Jeannie Herriott.
Bart Webb continues as our Advertisement chair. He is working with Devery Wallace
with the membership directory as well as vendors for our Fall Convention. Bart will supply the Executive Secretary
the Convention package for future convention chairs.
Kathleen Cox is our Membership chair, membership fees remain at $90.00 annually.
123 current members, 8 of these are first time members. 85 Labs are listed with members. International members
include: Australia,Canada, Israel, and Brazil.
Kevin Fox chair for Recruitment, he has circulated about 440 brochures to non-members as well as AADMRT
students.
Tracey Saucier is continuing as our By-Law chair person. She will be asking the general membership to vote on
offering a ½ off of one year membership for AADMRT students.
She will also place the Bi-Laws on a CD and provide them to the Executive Secretary.
Camille Mayorga submits her report regarding the
“Currents” newsletter. There are four issues per year.
Approximately 20-30 pages per issue. 16 advertisers. Format has stayed the same.
Spring Seminar hosted by Matt Montgomery at
Loma Linda University, Yorba Linda, CA. Held on
May 6th 2006. Classes begin 8:30 am-3:00pm.
(6 units) Registration will be sent out soon.
Fall Convention hosted by Bart Webb. Held on
October 19-21, 2006 at the Beautiful Marriott in
Monterey, CA.
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Board Members hard at work
From left: Kathleen Cox, Kevin Fox, Devery Wallace,
Dawn Harrat, and Sara Tarazi
Membership Directory will be sent out by Devery Wallace as soon as the membership applications are all in.
Should be receiving around April 1st. 2006. Devery would like new member photos submitted to update.
Treasurer, Claudette Buehler reporting that accounts have been changed to Washington Mutual. One account
remains at Schools Credit Union, waiting for Paypal funds to be
transferred. She now has a Credit/Debit card set up, along with one
distributed to the Executive Secretary.
AADMRT School has 21 students. School Administrator is Matt
Kroona; Instructors are Devery Wallace and Dawn Harrat. School
Librarian is Tracey Saucier. Devery and Dawn are asking for
changes within the course to make it more consistent. The board
would like to meet with all involved to help make a final decision.
The Board approved to place one advertisement it the Orthodontic
Products Magazine.
Our newest two board Members:
Tony Giocobazzi and Sara Tarazi
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California Report
Submitted By: Matt Kroona
The California Radiologic Technology Certification Committee (RTCC) met on Thursday,
Dec 15 in Sacramento. The agenda consisted of one topic: Training Requirements for the
Operation of Computed Radiography (CR/DR) Equipment. The purpose of the meeting
was to discuss Title 17, Section 30447 (a) (6), which restricts limited permit holders from
using digital radiology equipment. It was clear from the discussion that there is a serious
power struggle going on between the “haves” (CRTs) and the “have-nots” (LPs). CRTs currently are not required to have any training in the proper use of CR/DR equipment. They feel that their education makes them
inherently capable of using digital equipment properly. LPs on the other hand are too stupid (my summary of their
carefully selected words) and can’t be trusted or even trained to properly and safely expose patients using complicated computer technology. I couldn’t decide if I should laugh or cry at their backward reasoning. No decision was
made at the meeting and the discussion will continue at the next RTCC meeting scheduled for Feb. 22 in Burbank.
The good news is that as Dental Limited Permits, we are exempt from the restriction on using digital radiographic
equipment. The bad news is that there is a class war brewing in California and unfortunately, we are members of the
“under” class. My hope is that we will blur these lines of class by continuing to do everything in our power to
give the dental and medical community every reason to respect us, to look up to us for our expertise, and to admire
us for the excellence we bring to this ever changing field.
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Standard continued from page 1
The mandibular condyle is convex along the surface that receives the force, wider in the medio–lateral
dimension, and has an oval shape antero–posteriorly. This observation and others, such as the relation of
the articular disc with the condyle and the temporal bone, muscle attachments, and occlusion, requires a
3-D approach to analyze the TMJ complex. Sagittal and coronal sections in the imaging of the TMJ are
needed to fulfill this requirement. (Figure 2)
In the diagnostic process it is important to differentiate
two concepts: differential diagnosis and diagnosis. The
first concept refers to the possibilities based on the
patient’s signs and symptoms while the diagnosis refers
to the art of distinguishing one or more entities from
others. For this to happen we need to use diagnostic
aids, which are instruments or procedures that expedite
the diagnostic process (i.e. imaging). These diagnostic
aids should be reliable and valid. The diagnostic validity
of imaging techniques had been measured in the literaFigure 2: Sagittal and coronal cuts needed in the 3-D
ture using concepts such as sensitivity (ability to diagassessment of the TMJ
nose correctly a condition that actually exists) and specificity (ability to diagnose a condition that actually does
NOT exist (false positive) in relation to a “gold standard” (the best instrument, procedure, finding or
criteria to recognize a disorder or pathology).
As mentioned before, hard tissues, soft tissues or a combination of both TMJ’s structures can be seen in
an image. For hard tissue assessment (i.e. bone changes, condylar position) the following common
imaging techniques can be considered:
·
·
·
·
·
Transcranials
Panoramics
Extraorals (lateral, posterior-anterior, SMV views, etc)
Tomography
Computed tomography/Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CT – CBCT).
Transcranial images are good for condylar translation assessment and have been used as a “screening”
tool for osseous changes in the lateral 1/3 of the articulation, however, because of projection geometry
the articular space can be distorted. The validity of the transcranial x-ray for the assessment of a diagnostic task such as rheumatoid arthritis using tomography as the “gold standard” is good (sensitivity
79% - specificity 96%). 1
When studies used panoramic imaging (Figure 3) for the same diagnostic task using the same “gold
standard”, results were as good or better than the transcranial images (sensitivity 81% – specificity
100%).1 But, a question for these studies should be: is tomography the “gold standard”?
Standard continued on page 17
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Standard continued from page 15
Figure 3: Bone changes of the condyle found in panoramic images
Submental-vertical (SMV) views help us to minimize technical errors aligning the X-ray beam relative to the condylar
axis in the horizontal plane. Ideally, it must be used in combination with other images (tomography) for optimal
diagnostic results.
Tomography on the other hand has been considered as one of the best diagnostic aids for the evaluation of the articular
spaces, it is optimal in the detection of bone lesions, especially when frontal and sagittal views are taken in combination. Studies using this technique for the detection of osseous defects showed inferior results compared to previous
studies (sensitivity 61% - specificity 73%), however, using direct visual exams of autopsy specimens as a “gold
standard”.2
Computed tomography (CT) is an excellent diagnostic tool that overcomes most of the problems with the techniques
previously described: it offers excellent resolution and is effective for the diagnosis of tumors. Even though it is a tool
that easily allows 3-D assessment of the TMJ complex, it is not useful for the visualization of soft tissue and requires
high levels of radiation. Also, high cost and limited availability are some of its main disadvantages. When reports in the
literature used CT for the detection of osseous defects employing tomography as the “gold standard”, results were
excellent (sensitivity 100% – specificity 94%).3 When direct visual exams of autopsy specimens were used as a “gold
standard”, results were also very good (sensitivity 75% – specificity 94%).4
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) differs from CT in the type of source detector complex and in the method
of data acquisition. Because, CBCT presently uses one rotation around the patient similar to the panoramic radiography, a complete dento-maxillofacial volume or limited area of interest (i.e. TMJ) can be obtained.5 As far as radiation
dose, CBCT is much lower when compared to CT and comparable to a series of dental radiographs when we
balanced diagnostic potential, risks and cost. (Table 1) 6
Standard continued on page 18
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Standard continued fom page 17
Table 1: Effective dose for different acquisition modes
Multi slice scanner (* Siemens Sensation 64, 120 kV, effective tube current 80mAs, slice thickness 0.75mm & ** Newtom QR DVT
9000, 110 kV, tube current 2.5 mA)
Taking into account all of the advantages of the
CBCT to image the TMJ complex, CBCT provides the opportunity to evaluate several areas of
interest (i.e. sinuses, airways, etc.). This 3-D approach is a powerful tool for diagnosis, planning,
monitoring and evaluation of TMD. (Figure 4)
For soft tissue assessment (i.e. disc position) the
following most common imaging techniques can
be considered:
·Arthrography
·Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Arthrography was a technique described in the
past to demonstrate its potential value in the diagnosis of soft tissue derangement of the joint. However, it had few advocates, and the technique itself for the TMJ had only limited clinical use. The
reasons for the skeptical attitude toward this
Figure 4: CBCT TMJ study
method is attributed to at least 3 disadvantages:
(Courtesy: Dr. David Hatcher – DDI Imaging Center, Roseville, CA).
1) difficulty of injecting into the joint compartment,
2) pain for the patient, 3) information gained at
the early stage of its development was usually of limited value for treatment planning and evaluation of prognosis.7
MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making this technique possible to distinguish between soft and hard tissue. It
provides excellent images of disc displacement (DD) in multiple planes. However, problems such as cost, availability
and claustrophobia need to be taken into consideration. It is important to recognize that MRI results should not dictate
the treatment; clinical signs and examinations are more important. MRI is not a routine procedure for most patients. It
is indicated when something other than disc displacement (i.e. tumors), prior to intracapsular surgery or when conservative treatment options are not effective. The validity of MRI images for the detection of DD (sagittal & frontal views)
using direct visual exams of autopsy specimens as a “gold standard” showed very promising results (sensitivity 86% &
87% – specificity 63% & 80% respectively).8,9 (Figure 5)
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SUMMARY:
A complete assessment of the TMJ requires the knowledge of its components. Panoramic radiographs had been demonstrated to be an excellent
screening tool. If tomography is being used to evaluate the osseous components of the TMJ, SMV views should be taken to correct the X-ray beam in
relation to the condylar axis at the horizontal plane.
It is clear that 3-D imaging has becoming an essential tool in dentistry. The
development of spiral CT, CBCT and MRI has revolutionized the way that
we evaluate the TMJ complex. Three dimensional analysis is a powerful tool
for planning, monitoring and evaluating the TMJ; however, the accuracy and
reliability depends on the correct application of the images obtained. CT
Figure 5: MRI evaluation (sagittal &
images are documented in the literature to be the image of choice for hard
4
frontal
views) for an orthodontic patient
tissue assessment, however, radiation dose, cost and availability are a conscreened using a panoramic radiograph
cern. CBCT is an excellent choice for a complete 3-D TMJ assessment; however, further studies are needed to confirm its diagnostic validity. MRI definitely is the standard of care for soft tissue assessment; however, it is important to recognize that MRI results should not
dictate the treatment. Clinical signs and examinations are not replaced by MRI.
Finally, the ability to interpret the information obtained is proportional to familiarity with the structures and imaging
technique. The proper interpretation of images by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist is as important as the images
themselves. This approach will enhance treatment planning and its proper clinical application.
REFERENCES:
1.
Larheim TA, Johannessen S, Tveito L. Abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint in adults with rheumatic disease. A comparison of
panoramic, transcranial and transpharyngeal radiography with tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1988;17:109-113.
2.
Rohlin M, Akerman S, Kopp S. Tomography as an aid to detect macroscopic changes of the temporomandibular joint. An autopsy study
of the aged. Acta Odontol Scand 1986;44:131-140.
3.
Manzione JV, Katzberg RW, Brodsky GL, Seltzer SE, Mellins HZ. Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: diagnosis by
direct sagittal computed tomography. Radiology 1984;150:111-115.
4.
Westesson PL, Katzberg RW, Tallents RH, Sanchez-Woodworth RE, Svensson SA. CT and MR of the temporomandibular joint:
comparison with autopsy specimens. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;148:1165-1171.
5.
Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig WL. Orthodontics. Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed.: Elsevier Mosby, 2005:77.
6.
Swennen GRJ, Schutyser F, Hausamen JE. Three - Dimensional Cephalometry: Springer, 2006:6.
7.
Katzberg R, Westesson, PL. Diagnosis of the Tempomandibular Joint. 1st ed.: Saunders, 1994:101.
8.
Tasaki MM, Westesson PL. Temporomandibular joint: diagnostic accuracy with sagittal and coronal MR imaging. Radiology
1993;186:723-729.
9.
Katzberg RW, Westesson PL, Tallents RH, et al. Temporomandibular joint: MR assessment of rotational and sideways disk displacements. Radiology 1988;169:741-748.
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New Product
PRESS RELEASE November 22, 2005
The University of Maryland chose Planmeca to build a digital clinical environment for dental
education
The Finnish dental equipment manufacturer Planmeca Oy has signed a major equipment delivery
agreement with the University of Maryland. Planmeca will supply the Baltimore College of Dental
Surgery (BCDS) with 324 dental units including integrated software and digital imaging equipment
for educational and clinical use. This agreement is the largest delivery agreement in the history of
Planmeca and worth nearly 10 million U.S. dollars.
In co-operation with Planmeca USA, Inc. Planmeca Oy will supply the Baltimore College of Dental
Surgery with 324 digital dental units and patient chairs, 79 digital intraoral X-ray units, as well as digital
panoramic X-rays. In addition, Planmeca’s Canadian subsidiary, Triangle Furniture Systems, Inc. will
supply the university with all the operatory dental cabinets. This equipment will be delivered and installed
by July 1, 2006.
This project is Planmeca’s second major university delivery to North America this year. Earlier this year
Planmeca supplied the Canadian University of British Columbia’s Faculty of Dentistry, in Vancouver,
with 144 dental units including integrated software and digital imaging equipment.
”Planmeca is the only manufacturer in the industry who can offer integrated equipment and software
solutions for specific needs of dental education and large university clinics. Our software and the digital
platform of the dental units enable remote monitoring and management of the units. Moreover, this
integrated system provides means for modern, factbased interactive tutoring and centralized advisory system, which is highly beneficial and cost-efficient in
large clinics”, says Mr. Tuomas Lokki, Vice President,
Marketing and Sales.
The BCDS will be the most modern dental school in
the U.S. “This generation of students expects education that is integrated into technology. In addition, they
want to have fun at the workplace and at studies and
they are looking for an opportunity to learn at their
own pace.
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This is possible in the IT-friendly environment. Our students deserve the best possible hardware and
software as well as a learning environment where information is available on-demand”, explains Dr.
Christian Stohler, Dean of the BCDS.
The U.S. market expects extensive quality assurance regulations such as HIPAA standards for improved
patient safety in oral health care. All dental unit field data, digital treatment documentation as well as
patient information, intraoral, extraoral X-rays, and intraoral camera images are automatically stored in
the database for scientific research and educational purposes. “Ultimately, this data will create a backbone for artificial intelligence to be used in tutoring. The challenge is to change the entire concept of
dental education including new equipment, new curriculum and new way of thinking. Planmeca’s solution
is flexible enough to fullfill these requirements”, says Dr. Stohler.
“This is a significant project for us, because it is the first major university delivery to the U.S. However,
this year has strongly indicated that the North American market is looking toward Planmeca’s technologically advanced dental units for the future. The region has traditionally been strong grounds for our
radiology equipment. Planmeca has a market share of approximately 30% of dental radiology equipment
in the U.S.”, says Mr. Lokki.
For further information, please contact:
Mr. Tuomas Lokki, Vice President, Marketing and Sales
Tel. +358 20 7795 523
[email protected]
Planmeca Oy
Planmeca Oy, the parent company of the Finnish Planmeca Group, was established in 1971. Planmeca manufactures a full
line of high technology dental equipment, including dental units, panoramic and intraoral X-rays, as well as leading digital
imaging X-ray systems. The company has also pioneered in the use of digital dental practice concepts that allow efficient
and ergonomic information management.
More than 96% of Planmeca’s production is exported to over 80 countries. Planmeca is well established on the U.S.
market and has considerable market shares in many European countries and market share is profitably growing also in
Asia. Planmeca is Europe’s third largest dental equipment manufacturer and the largest privately-owned dental manufacturer in the field. The Group estimated turnover for the year 2005 is approximately MEUR 420 with over 1,700 employees.
University of Maryland, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery
www.dental.umaryland.edu
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Newsletter Deadlines
Future AADMRT Event Calender
Winter Issue: December 1
2006 Spring Seminar
Yorba Linda, CA
May 6
Spring Issue: March 1
Summer Issue: June 1
2006 Fall Conference
Monterey, California
October 19-21
Fall Issue: September 1
For Advertising Information :
2007 Spring Seminar
Northern California
TBA
[email protected]
For Article Submission Info:
[email protected]
We Appreciate our Advertisers:
Foto Club
Aperio Services
Pacific Dental Mounts
ceph-X, Inc.
Planmeca
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Hitachi Medical Systems
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