docKINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomes
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KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomes
KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomes Animal Diversity Deuterostomes chordates echinoderms arthropods tardigrades roundworms Ecdysozoa Protostomes rotifers mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids flatworms Animals with a 3-layer embryo cnidarians Animals with tissues sponges placozoans Animals 2 Fig. 25-7b, p. 407 DEUTEROSTOME COELOMATES 3 Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chordata DEUTEROSTOMES Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderm = “spiny skin” ~10,000 species (mostly marine) Examples Sea star, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar 4 Echinoderms Characteristics 5 part body plan Symmetry (most) Larvae bilateral Adult “radial” Water vascular system Movement 5 Water Vascular System 6 Animal Diversity Deuterostomes chordates echinoderms arthropods tardigrades roundworms Ecdysozoa Protostomes rotifers mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids flatworms Animals with a 3-layer embryo cnidarians Animals with tissues sponges placozoans Animals 7 Fig. 25-7b, p. 407 PHYLUM CHORDATA ~50,000 species 4 common features Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal slits Post anal tail Other common characteristics Bilateral Coelomate Cephalization Complete digestive system Closed circulatory system 8 Chordates Vertebrates & invertebrate species Invertebrate chordates No backbone ~2,100 species Vertebrate chordates Backbone of cartilage or bone Brain enclosed in skull 9 Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates Invertebrate Chordates Subphylum Cephalochordata Lancelets (Amphioxis) Scaleless, fish-like Notochord extends to front of head 11 Invertebrate Chordates Subphylum Urochordata Tunicates (Sea Squirts) Motile larvae, sessile adults 12 Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates FISH Jawless Cartilage Skeleton Ray-finned Jawed Bony Skeleton Lobe-finned 14 Craniate Invertebrate Hagfish Predators, scavengers 15 Predators, scavengers Characteristics Jawless Cartilage skeleton Unpaired fins No backbone! Jawless Vertebrate Lampreys Predators (almost parasites) 16 Characteristics Jawless Cartilage skeleton Unpaired fins Have a backbone! Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates Class Chondrichthyes “Cartilage fish” Examples Sharks, skates, rays Characteristics Jaws Cartilage skeleton Teeth not fused to jaw Calcified Gill slits separate & exposed 18 Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates Bony fishes Ray-finned fish (“ray-wing”) Examples Most fish species Trout, salmon, etc. Characteristics Jaws Skeleton of bone Swim bladders (most) Paired fins Single gill opening (operculum) 20 Bony Fish Body Plan 21 Other bony fish Lobed-finned fish (“flesh-wing”) 23 General characteristics like bony-fish Ventral fins (paired) formed from fleshy body extensions Example: coelacanth Lungfish Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates Class Amphibia “Double-life” Examples Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders Characteristics 25 ~5,700 species Reproduction tied to water Respiration: lungs, gills and/or skin Moist glandular skin 3-chambered heart Ectotherms Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates snakes lizards “stem” reptiles tuataras ichthyosaurs plesiosaurs birds therapod dinosaurs other dinosaurs pterosaurs archosaurs crocodilians turtles anapsids therapsids mammals synapsids CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN PALEOZOIC ERA TRIASSIC JURASSIC CRETACEOUS MESOZOIC ERA TERTIARY TO PRESENT Fig. 26-16c, p. 442 Class Reptilia “To creep” ~ 8,000 species Examples Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles & alligators Characteristics Dry skin Scales Ectotherms Amniotic egg 28 Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates Class Aves Examples Birds 10,000 species Characteristics Feathers Modified forelimbs (wings) Leg scales “Hollow” bones Endotherms Amniotic egg (calcareous shell) 31 Kookaburra sits in the old gumtree… Chordate Phylogeny ray-finned fishes lungfishes tunicates lampreys “reptiles” cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals lancelets hagfishes lobe-finned fishes fishes amniotes tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates craniates ancestral chordates Class Mammalia 4,500 species Characteristics Hair Mammary glands Teeth 34 Specialized Endotherms Mammalian Teeth Heterodont dentition 35 Chordate Development Oviparous Viviparous Egg layed and young develop externally Eggs develop within mother’s body, young born live Ovoviviparous Eggs retained and hatch within mother’s uterus 36 Mammalian Diversity Oviparous Viviparous Pouched Placental 37 Monotremes Order Monotremata Oviparous mammals Feed off milk after hatching 38 Marsupials Order Marsupialia Viviparous pouched mammals Nourished by yolk sac during early development Non-placental “Premature” birth; feed off milk in pouch 39 Placental Mammals Viviparous placental mammals Embryo nourished through entire development within uterus 40
