Radio Frequency Spectrum Resources Management Report

Transcription

KOSOVO PROVISIONAL
INSTITUTIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
Ministry of Transport & Communications
The Telecommunications Regulatory Agency
EUROPEAN BANK FOR
RECONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
Radio Frequency Spectrum
Resources Management Report
(Part 1)
Numbering Resources
Management Report
(Part 2)
Pristina, Kosovo
August 2, 2006
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.
8283 Greensboro Drive
McLean, VA 22102
Tel
Fax
1-703-902-5000
1-703-902-3333
www.boozallen.com
2 August 2006
Mr. Paul Moffatt, Counsel
Office of the General Counsel
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
One Exchange Square
London EC2A 2JN
United Kingdom
Tel +44 20 7338 6150
Subject: Kosovo: Telecommunications Regulatory Development Project –
C13647/USTD-2004-0201
– Radio Frequency Spectrum Resource Management Report
– Numbering Resources Management Report
Dear Mr. Moffatt:
As set forth in our contract with the EBRD regarding the referenced
project, Booz Allen Hamilton is pleased to present our Radio Frequency
Spectrum Resource Management Report and Numbering Resources
Management Report covering our findings, analyses, and recommendations on
spectrum management and numbering planning.
In compliance with the requirements of the Terms of Reference for the
project, the Radio Frequency Spectrum Resource Management Report presents
our understanding of the commercial, legal and regulatory situation for spectrum
in Kosovo, identifies the factors that contribute to ineffective management of
limited resources, and lays out a set of recommendations to improve the overall
environment for the planning, management, and monitoring of spectrum.
Similarly, the Numbering Resources Management Report presents our
understanding of the commercial, legal and regulatory situation for number
planning allocation in Kosovo, identifies inconsistencies and barriers to
competition and development of the telecommunications industry, and lays out a
set of recommendations for a new numbering plan. Implementation of several of
these recommendations will have to be timed with Kosovo’s final status,
especially the acquisition of a country code.
Kosovo: Telecommunications Regulatory Development Project
August 2, 2006
Page 2
We are sending an electronic version of the reports both to you and
Telecommunications regulatory Authority and Ministry of Communications and
Transport in Kosovo. The required multiple hard copies of the document in
English are enclosed.
Please feel free to contact me by phone at +1 (703) 902-5326, or by email at [email protected] if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
John M. Adams
Project Manager
Attachments
CC:
Anton Berisha, Chairman, Telecommunications Regulatory Agency
Agim Kukaj, Director of Telecommunications, Ministry Deputy Ministry
Telecommunications & Transport
Part 1
KOSOVO PROVISIONAL
EUROPEAN BANK FOR
Radio Frequency Spectrum
Resources Management Report
Appendices
Pristina, Kosovo
August 2, 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE…………………………………………………………………
1
2. EXTERNAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT………………………………………………..
2.1 THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION………………………………
2.1.1 ITU-Radiocommunication (ITU-R Sector)………………………………………..
2.1.2 ITU-Telecommunication (ITU-T Sector)…………………………………………….
2.1.3 ITU-Telecommunication Development (ITU-D Sector)…………………………….
2.2 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT………………………………………………................
2.3 THE EUROPEAN UNION …………………………………………………......................
2.3.1 ERC and Region 1…………………………………………………………………….
2.3.2 Accession State Behavior……………………………………………………………..
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3. THE KOSOVO INTERNAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT……….................................... 7
3.1 ROLE OF TRA IN SETTING SPECTRUM POLICY………………………………………... 7
3.2 TRA VERSUS MTC POLICY MAKING RESPONSIBILITIES……………………………... 7
3.3 KOSOVO'S SPECTRUM POLICY OBJECTIVES…………………………….................... 8
3.3.1 Universal access/service……………………………………………………………….. 8
3.3.2 Competitive Sector Structure.………………………………………..………………… 8
3.4 SPECTRUM SPECIFIC POLICIES………………………………………........................... 9
3.4.1 Improved and expanded communication…………………………………………….. 9
3.5 EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT AND REGULATION………………………………………. 9
3.5.1 Frequency Coordination………………………………………………………………... 9
3.5.2 Interference Mitigation…………………………………………………………………. 10
3.5.3 Licensed Operations……………………………………………………...................... 10
3.5.4 Unlicensed Usage………………………………………………………...................... 10
3.5.5 Non-Licensed Usage…………………………………………………….……………. 10
3.5.6 Enforcement……………………………………………………………………….…… 10
3.6 MOU BETWEEN TRA AND UNMIK FMO…………………………………………………. 11
4. THE KOSOVO FREQUENCY ENVIRONMENT………………………………………………..
4.1 FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENTS……………………………………………………………..
4.2 ALLOCATION METHODS……………………………………………………......................
4.3 PROCEDURES………………………………………………………………………………..
4.4 FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENTS……………………………………………………………..
4.4.1 Below 500 Megahertz (MHz)………..………………………………………………...
4.4.2 500 MHz – 1.2 Gigahertz (GHz)………………………………………………………
4.4.3 Above 1.2 GHz………………………………………………………………………….
4.5 TYPE APPROVAL…………………………………………………………….......................
4.6 MONITORING……………………………………………………………….........................
4.7 THE UNMIK FMO PLAN……………………………………………………………………..
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5. CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………….......................... 17
6. RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................................................... 18
APPENDIX A: MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE LICENSE ISSUANCE APPROACHES................... A-1
APPENDIX B: TYPE APPROVAL REGULATION TEMPLATE............................................... B-1
APPENDIX C: AVAILABLE SPECTRUM MONITORING EQUIPMENT.................................. C-1
APPENDIX D: ANALYSIS OF THE KOSOVO TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATION…... D-1
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Spectrum Resources Management Report
1.
INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
Radio spectrum is a limited public resource. Effective spectrum management is
important to maximize the usefulness of this limited resource for an Administration and
its designated national regulatory authority. Spectrum management techniques, applied
by establishing a solid regulatory and legal framework managed by a national regulatory
authority, establish the telecommunications basic structure of wireless development
within an Administration. Foremost within this development is a key understanding of
the spectrum environment. This is a particularly key factor in a developing
administration such as Kosovo, where there has been significant development but little
capability for actual regulation up until now. The radio spectrum is used by commercial
enterprises to provide a variety of wireless services, including mobile voice and data,
broadcast television and radio, and satellite services, in addition to a variety of private
functions. Governments use spectrum to fulfill a variety of missions, including national
defense, aviation communication, public safety, and weather services.
At the outset it is important to realize that the primary objectives of radiofrequency (RF)
spectrum management are threefold:
Improve efficiency;
Mitigation of interference due to nonlicensed usage or usage outside license
requirements (e.g., type acceptance of equipment, EIRP beyond limits);
Promotion of new services (including those on unlicensed bands)
Unlike other telecom issues such as numbering plans, which are largely focused incountry except for directory and connectivity issues, spectrum issues are a truly global
matter—governed everywhere by the same basic laws of physics—that not only
encourages but demands participation across borders inasmuch as RF energy does not
respect political boundaries in the same manner that fixed network infrastructure does.
In order to build understanding of this process this report will combine a discussion with
the major elements and actors of spectrum planning and policy in 1) the EU 2)
worldwide and 3) a detailed discussion of the specific situation in Kosovo.
This analysis and the accompanying conclusions and recommendations will have the
symbiotic effects of facilitating innovation, protecting the rights of existing licensees,
encouraging both local and foreign investment, and above all ensuring that increased
and affordable wireless services are available to the people of Kosovo.
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2.
EXTERNAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
Before examining the specific environment in Kosovo it is important to understand the
regulatory and quasi-regulatory framework in which TRA will be required to operate and
actively participate in addressing key spectrum issues internally and with its neighbors.
The primary entities involved here aside from the national governments of Kosovo’s
immediate border administrations of Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Albania are
the administrations of the European Union (EU) and those with membership in
International Telecommunications Union (ITU).
2.1
The International Telecommunication Union
The ITU is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and is a United Nations organization
chartered with coordinating global telecommunications networks and services. It is
within the ITU where governments and the private sector manage these networks and
services.
International Telecommunication Union Structure
2
Within the ITU structure, there are three bureaus, or ‘sectors’ which provide
coordination for global telecommunications services:
2.1.1 ITU-Radiocommunication (ITU-R Sector): The mission of the ITU
Radiocommunication Bureau is, inter alia, to ensure rational, equitable, efficient and
economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services,
including those using satellite orbits, and to carry out studies and adopt
recommendations on radiocommunication matters. ITU-R is most closely connected
with Spectrum, but not exclusively so.
This mission lies within the broader framework of the purposes of ITU, as defined in
Article 1 of the ITU Constitution and is, in particular, to "maintain and extend
international cooperation among all the Member States of the Union for the
improvement and rational use of telecommunications of all kinds".
The specific role of ITU-R within the framework of this mission is as follows. ITU-R shall:
• Effect allocation of bands of the radiofrequency spectrum, the allotment of radio
frequencies and the registration of radio frequency assignments and of any
associated orbital position in the geostationary satellite orbit in order to avoid
harmful interference between radio stations of different countries;
• Coordinate efforts to eliminate harmful interference between radio stations of
different countries and to improve the use made of radio-frequencies and of the
geostationary-satellite orbit for radiocommunication services.
The operational basis of the ITU-R is the Radio Regulations (RR). Article 5 of the RR is
composed of the three ITU Regional spectrum allocation tables. Kosovo is within ITU
Region 1.
The method of modifying the RR is a World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC).
World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC) are held every two to three years. A
WRC will review, and, if necessary, revise the Radio Regulations, A WRC may also:
1. Revise the Radio Regulations and any associated Frequency assignment and
allotment Plans;
2. Address any radiocommunication matter of worldwide character;
3. Instruct the Radio Regulations Board and the Radiocommunication Bureau, and
review their activities; and
4. Determine Questions for study by the Radiocommunication Assembly and its
Study Groups in preparation for future Radiocommunication Conferences.
2.1.2 ITU-Telecommunication (ITU-T Sector): The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Bureau (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors of the International
Telecommunications Union (ITU), which was founded in 1865. ITU-T was established
on 1 March 1993 within the framework of the "new" ITU, replacing the former
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT).
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The function of ITU-T is to provide global telecommunication standards by studying
technical, operating and tariff questions. The results of these studies are published as
ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T aims to continue to be recognized as the pre-eminent
worldwide telecommunication standards body. Although less directly relevant to the
immediate spectrum needs of Kosovo, this standards role, as the more practical duty as
being the primary determinant of such key issues as international dialing codes also
ensures the necessity of the TRA following their activities in Kosovo.
2.1.3 ITU-Telecommunication Development (ITU-D Sector): The
Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) is the executive arm of the
Telecommunication Development Sector, and is headed by an elected Director. Its
duties and responsibilities cover a variety of functions ranging from program supervision
and technical advice to the collection, processing and publication of information relevant
to telecommunication development.
The mission of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (ITU-D) aims at achieving
the Sector's objectives based on the right to communicate of all inhabitants of the planet
through access to infrastructure and information and communication services. In this
regard, the mission is to:
1. Assist developing countries in the field of information and communication
technologies (ICTs), in facilitating the mobilization of technical, human and
financial resources needed for their implementation, as well as in promoting
access to ICTs.
2. Promote the extension of the benefits of ICTs to all the world’s inhabitants.
3. Promote and participate in actions that contribute towards narrowing the digital
divide.
4. Develop and manage programs that facilitate information flow geared to the
needs of developing countries, with a focus on those with special needs,
including the disabled and disadvantaged.
These missions are designed to complement that of other organizations and entities
seeking to improve access to communication technologies and services in the
developing world, including entities involved with Kosovo such as the UN, EBRD and
others.
2.2
Training and development
ITU-D works directly with the ITU-R to disseminate training programs and software for
spectrum management. The mission encompasses ITU’s dual responsibility as a
United Nations specialized agency and an executing agency for implementing projects
under the United Nations development system or other funding arrangements. This
benefit of a developing administration is an important point to keep in mind as the TRA
evolves in its spectrum management regulatory roles discussed below.
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2.3
The European Union:
Within the European Union (EU), the management and policy development for
telecommunications is done by the Information Society (Information Society and Media
Directorate-General). The mission of the Information Society and Media Directorate
General supports the development and use of Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) for the benefit of all European citizens.
The Information Society role is to:
1. Support innovation and competitiveness in Europe through excellence in ICT
research and development.
2. Define and implement a regulatory environment that enables rapid development
of services based on information, communication and audio-visual
technologies, so fostering competition that supports investment, growth and
jobs.
3. Encourage the widespread availability and accessibility of ICT-based services,
especially those that have the greatest impact on the quality of life of the
citizens.
4. Foster the growth of content industries drawing on Europe’s cultural diversity.
5. Represent the European Commission in international dialogue and negotiations
in these fields, and promote international cooperation in ICT research and
development.
Within the Information Society Directorate-General, Radio Spectrum policy is the
mandate of the Radio Spectrum Sector and the Radio Spectrum Committee (RSC) and
the Radio Spectrum Policy Group within the Information Society DG. The RSC assists
in the development and adoption of technical implementing measures aimed at ensuring
harmonized conditions for the availability and efficient use of radio spectrum, as well as
the availability of information related to the use of radio spectrum.
One of the major functions of this sector is the interface with the European
Radiocommunications Office (ERO) and the development of and publication of a
European common table of frequency assignments. The RSPG is a strategic group
which assists and advises the Commission on spectrum-related issues such as
availability, harmonization and allocation, information on allocation, availability and use
of radio spectrum, methods for granting rights of use, refarming, relocation, valuation
and efficient use and protection of human health.
In those circumstances where the regulator believes the spectrum is a scarce resource,
owned by the Government, and worthy of significant compensation, value based pricing
must be employed. A prime example is the availability of the Global System for Mobile
communications (GSM) 1 spectrum allocations at 880-915 MHz paired with 925-960
MHz (GSM900) and at 1710-1785 paired with 1805-1880 MHz (GSM1800) to
accommodate 3 or 4 mobile service providers in Kosovo rather than the virtual
monopoly now existing with PTK’s wholly-owned Vala 900 subsidiary. The process to
1
Groupe Spécial Mobile (French)
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determine when spectrum is scarce enough to warrant the use of spectrum value
pricing should be administered by the TRA. This should also be done in a transparent
manner, consistent with the policy of the Kosovo Ministry of Transport and
Telecommunications (MCT) and by utilizing input from potential stakeholders.
Having determined that some form of value based pricing is required; the challenge
then becomes how value should be determined. Administrative procedures are
complex, time-consuming and notoriously unreliable, while the market alternatives –
competitive bidding, auctions and secondary trading – are unpredictable and make it
difficult for regulators to pursue social goals, such as empowerment of previously
disadvantaged groups. Despite these difficulties, the regulator is faced with only two
alternatives: conduct analyses that act as a proxy for market driven approaches, or 2)
design an award and allocation process that allows market forces to set the fee.
2.3.1 ECC/ERO and ITU Region 1. The Electronic Communications Committee
(ECC) supports the ERO, in consultation with the European Commission (EC) and on
behalf of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
(CEPT), in the development of the European Common Allocation (ECA) table. The ECA
contains the Table of Frequency Allocations desired for CEPT members, and the CEPT
administrations endeavor to align their administration table of allocations to the ECA.
The ECA is reviewed periodically, and a key impetus for ECA review is an ITU-R WRC.
The ECA is aligned, to the greatest extent practical, with the ITU-R Region 1
allocations. As each CEPT administration does within their individual Table of
Frequency Allocations, the ECA contains relevant footnotes and notes decisions
relating to deviation from the ITU Region 1 allocations.
2.3.2 Accession State Behavior. Achieving recognition as a trusted administration,
and as a ‘good neighbor’, a new administration seeking permanent recognition with the
EU and CEPT administrations would securely develop an encompassing Table of
Frequency Allocations, taking into full account the differences between this Table and
the ECA and the ITU Region 1 Table. Such differences would be clearly stated within
footnotes, duly notified to the ERO and the ITU-R, and clearly showing the national
regulatory authority statute, or agreement, indicating the need for a deviation from the
ECA or Region 1 allocations.
In Kosovo, the TRA should develop a full understanding of the reasons and statutes
either needed or in existence showing how deviations from the ECA and Region 1 Table
exist. As a first step, this effort is key to reorganization as a reliable administration
trusted in the development of its radiocommunications authority and capabilities.
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3.
THE KOSOVO INTERNAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
Spectrum management as it exists in Kosovo today may effectively be described as
laissez-faire. As will be described below, there is a burgeoning wireless industry both
involving officially established carriers and newer operations set up by entrepreneurs.
Given the new and uneven nature of services, plus the limitations of the
Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) under current legal authority
established under the original telecommunications law there is little opportunity for the
TRA or any other entity to exercise consistent and proactive authority, particularly
regarding burgeoning and highly localized services being developed and deployed by
small entrepreneurs around Kosovo. 2However, there are a number of measures that
TRA is already well positioned to initiate with regard to the use of Spectrum within
Kosovo. Essentially the TRA and MTC are already working with UNMIK in its nominal
role as frequency coordinator. However as noted earlier TRA authority is limited and in
April 2005 the Provisional Government of Kosovo Temporary Media Commissioner
(TMC) petitioned for the right to control broadcast frequencies. Beyond this fairly
narrow range of spectrum applications, the TRA is beginning to engage and work with
MTC to assume greater responsibility for several key functions throughout Kosovo
related to spectrum management issues.
3.1
Role of TRA in Setting Spectrum Policy
The Kosovo Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (TRA) is responsible for
regulating telecommunications activities throughout Kosovo, to include facilitation of
privatization and market entry. The TRA is an independent regulatory body established
as a provisional institution of self-government. The Kosovo Ministry of
Telecommunications (MTC) which, as part of the provisional government, had
previously overseen telecommunications within Kosovo, remains in existence and
coordinates with the TRA. Within the Kosovo spectrum management and policy
framework, the TRA now holds nominal regulatory authority in Kosovo. It is now
incumbent upon TRA to receive and act upon proper support to ensure its ability to
discharge spectrum policy in a manner that ensures real change in Kosovo and
bolster’s credibility for TRA within the international spectrum community.
3.2
TRA versus MTC Policy Making Responsibilities
The MTC is responsible for setting broad government policy in the field of
telecommunications, including broadcasting. The TRA, in its evolving function, will
assume more specific functions that will include the expectation to manage the
harmonization of Kosovo spectrum, and will also manage domestic licensing and
enforcement of spectrum use. The mandate to set policy includes the area of radio
frequency spectrum policy which is instrumental and necessary in the development and
efficiency of telecommunications services in Kosovo. Key to the development of a
2
Regulation No. 2003/16, “On the promulgation of a Law adopted by the Assembly of Kosovo on
Telecommunications”, dated 12 May 2003.
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spectrum management policy is the utility of spectrum management fees, which at the
very least should cover actual costs to administer applications and implement and
enforce spectrum usage.
3.3
Kosovo's Spectrum Policy Objectives
Spectrum policy is an integral part of governments overall telecommunications sector
policy objectives. In most cases spectrum policy does not on its own constitute a
desired end, but rather acts in concert with other policies to achieve broader objectives.
The following national policy objectives can be advanced through improved spectrum
policies:
y
y
Universal access/service
Competitive sector structure
3.3.1 Universal access/service. Universal service and universal access are goals
intended to empower not the owners of telecom networks, but their users. As an
example in the spectrum context, TRA should take steps to ensure that adequate
spectrum is allocated and licensed to support development of and competition among
innovative new wireless voice and data providers in addition to Vala 900. As well as
supporting market entry, this has a universal service component in ensuring that all
citizens of Kosovo have access to reasonably-priced services.
3.3.2 Competitive Sector Structure. Closely related to issues of universal service
and affordable prices is concern for a competitive sector structure. Increasing
competition into a telecommunications sector is usually pursued to achieve other related
sector objectives such as lowering the price of telecommunications services to
consumers, increasing quality of service, and greater access.
However, in certain cases the relative merits of various structure options are
ambiguous. For example, provision of communications services in rural areas is an
area where the effects of market structure vary depending on the country's stage of
network development. On the one hand, subsidizing rural build-outs is easier in a
monopoly environment than it is in an openly competitive regime, but in cases where
traditional build-outs are not economical, liberalized licensing of alternative suppliers is
necessary. Where it is, the alternative supplier’s extension of service into new areas
will also be greatly facilitated by a local monopoly. These scenarios might be the
optimal scenario in Kosovo at least near-term given the existence of the extensive
PTK/Vala 900 infrastructure to support additional services by entrepreneurs.
However, once service is established in a new area, a local monopoly will militate
against keeping retail service prices low. To the extent ownership of any local
communication media is concentrated in a limited number of hands, competition and
diversity will be suppressed, and prices will be high. Affordable prices generally require
a competitive market structure.
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3.4
Spectrum Specific Policies
Given the overall national objectives, the challenge becomes formulating spectrum
policies that support these broad objectives. Spectrum pricing and the method of
allocating spectrum to current and future users directly impacts the ability of the Kosovo
government to enhance competition, achieve universal access/service and new market
entrants to the telecommunications sector through domestic entrepreneurship and/or
foreign investment.
3.4.1 Improved and expanded communication. A primary regulatory objective is to
maintain spectrum quality while maximizing the amount of communication carried over a
given spectrum space. However, a dilemma facing regulators is that this goal of
increased carrying capacity has to be forward-looking. Spectrum managers need to
encourage spectrum usage for the provision of communication services to the public,
while protecting the spectrum from overuse, thereby preserving future availability of
spectrum for new or changed services. Some long range planning is necessary to
ensure that sufficient spectrum will be available to meet the needs of future innovative
services or technologies.
Such new services and technologies generally increase the commercial value of
spectrum. Therefore, dynamic inefficiencies may arise if spectrum cannot be readily
reallocated in response to technological changes. It is also necessary to protect
frequencies required for national objectives, such as national defense, police and other
emergency services and scientific research. Clearly the security and public safety
related aspects of spectrum usage are even more of a concern as UNMIK works with
the PISG to ensure stability and growth within the Kosovo region.
3.5
Effective Enforcement and Regulation
It is essential that the TRA promote the value of spectrum by keeping it clear for
authorized (licensed) users from inroads by both unauthorized (non-licensed) users and
harmful interference from operations on other bands whether licensed or not. This
means having an effective, adequately funded monitoring and enforcement program,
with sufficient personnel, equipment, training and statutory authority. It also requires
accurate maintenance of the frequency assignment databases, so that the monitoring
and enforcement sections can readily identify unauthorized users, and the licensing
section can be assured of making new assignments only in truly unoccupied
frequencies.
3.5.1 Frequency Coordination. Currently neither TRA nor other government entities
in Kosovo maintain databases of frequencies as does the US in the form of the NTIA
(National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Government
Master File (GMF) for Federal Frequencies and the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) Universal Licensing System (ULS) for all other frequencies. PTK
has its own spectrum database—a legacy when as a PTT it was both provider and
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regulator—that it continues to use and update independently coordinate frequencies for
Vala 900, with staff trained in the US at the FCC and/or NTIA.
3.5.2 Interference Mitigation. The TRA does have limited capacity through
radiofrequency (RF) engineering staff contracted or assigned to it to do frequency
analysis, and RF testing equipment that UNMIK maintains within Kosovo. However,
practically speaking the limited availability of staff or equipment through these means
has limited the ability of the TRA to identify the sources of harmful interference, much
less mitigate them.
3.5.3 Licensed Operations. A search of publicly-available records indicates that TRA
has issued individual licenses to PTK (its switched network and separately to its Vala
900 mobile network and DardaNet ISP operating units) and to two independent ISPs,
iPKONET and Kujtesa. This is in contrast the class type licensing scheme that existed
pre-privatization, when PTK was a PTT with integrated regulatory authority. The Vala
900 license did not include a channelization plan.
3.5.4 Unlicensed Usage. As with licensed mobile radio and telephone services, there
is an increased interest in deploying unlicensed networks using technologies such as
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Despite the lack of protection for such services even under
developed regulations (e.g., Title 47, Part 15 of the United States Code for US
applications overseen by the Federal Communications Commission) these services are
seen as in other nations as attractive for market rollout of new technologies due, by
definition, to the lack of requiring a license fee or a more formalized equipment type
acceptance process.
3.5.5 Non-Licensed Usage. There clearly a significant amount of nonlicensed uses
by devices whose type, EIRP, frequencies used, etc., would otherwise demand a
license who are simply operating on frequencies indiscriminately. Taxi drivers reported
that channel use was often chaotic, with multiple operators often on one band whether
licensed to be there or not. With the actual or expected emergence of small mobile
carriers to compete with Vala 900, such congestion is likely to extend to cellular or PCS
types services.
3.5.6 Enforcement. As noted above, given its limited frequency coordination and
interference mitigation capabilities, as well as its evolving authority within UNMIK and
the Kosovo government, TRA’s enforcement powers today have been commensurably
limited. Rather, the agency has relied with some success on its collaborative
relationships with the providers themselves to provide information on a voluntary basis.
As the market expands involving potential entrants based in Kosovo or elsewhere it is
essential that TRA develop a fully-comprehensive enforcement model related to
spectrum, this will ensure a number of factors, key among them being:
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Reliability and availability of services deployed on licensed will be protected
against harmful interference by nonlicensed or unlicensed user groups or
individuals operating improperly maintained and/or type-accepted equipment.

Incentives both to new market development and investment in spectrum licenses

Credibility in the international spectrum community that TRA has a proper
enforcement model
In order to do this it is important that TRA have proper equipment and staffing rather
than relying on the provision of resources from UNMIK, both for actual monitoring and
prosecution of enforcement actions.
3.6
MOU between TRA and UNMIK FMO
A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is in progress between the TRA and FMO.
This memorandum if executed by SRSG executive decision would establish an interim
relationship between the two entities pending the full transfer of the frequency
management and monitoring functions to PISG, and require a three-month review of the
MOU thereafter. FMO and TRA would continue full cooperation on all aspects of
frequency management and monitoring. The memorandum anticipated that TRA would
become the sole authority for issuing licenses for the use of the commercial frequency
bands allocated to its jurisdiction by the SRSG pursuant.
There would be a two-phase period for licensure:
In the first phase (time period to be agreed between parties), FMO will continue
to receive, review, and recommend action on license applications, but in close
cooperation and coordination with TRA’s Frequency Management Department,
which shall prepare licenses in accordance with FMO recommendations and
transmit them to the TRA for issuance.
In the second phase, TRA will assume full administrative responsibility to receive,
review, and recommend action on license applications to the TRA, but will keep
the FMO fully informed of the licensing process, by submitting to FMO a copy
(soft and hard) of the dossier associated with each frequency license (including
the application, technical filled forms and the license itself) issued by TRA.
Any interference case in the frequency bands managed by TRA will be reported to FMO
with a regular “interference report form”. Likewise, FMO will inform TRA of any
interference cases reported to its office. Specialists from both FMO and TRA will follow
the case until a final decision, which shall be made known to the interested parties also.
The FMO and the TRA Frequency Management Department shall cooperate in
developing a plan for the regular and ongoing monitoring of the frequencies within the
jurisdiction of the TRA to ensure that cases of unauthorized or non-conforming
frequency uses are identified and reported to the TRA for appropriate enforcement
action. Where the TRA decides to initiate an enforcement action against an
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unauthorized or non-conforming frequency use, it shall keep the FMO fully apprised of
its actions.
4.
THE KOSOVO FREQUENCY ENVIRONMENT
Frequency allocations within Kosovo are promulgated by UNMIK via the Kosovo Table
of Frequency Allocations (Table) in accordance with guidelines promulgated by
CEPT/ERC for harmonized frequency use throughout the European Union. Many of the
frequency bands are dedicated of military or security use related to peacekeeping
activities and are documented in Part A of the Table, which is apparently restricted and
which the team did not examine. However, in Part B of the table, “Specific Radio
Frequencies Identified as Vacant for Allocation to TRA,” there appear to be ample
allocations designed for public or industry use, again in accordance with CEPT/ERC
guidelines.
These include typical commercial-application uses such as radionavigation, satellite
business/industrial/land transportation (B/ILT) use, private land mobile or specialized
mobile radio (PLMR/SMR) point to point / point to multipoint microwave hops or
cellular/personal communications type services. The microwave hops in particular have
been critical since the end of hostilities in 1999 for bringing high capacity
telecommunications into and out of Kosovo, with such functions now more typically
being carried by fiber optic lines in other parts of the EU.
4.1
Frequency Assignments
In contrast to the allocations, frequency assignments are somewhat less defined within
Kosovo, with many channel plans likely incomplete or inaccurate in relation to actual
usage. Although TRA has nominal authority to make frequency assignments through its
licensing authority, in point of fact beyond Vala 900’s individual operating license3 it has
not actually issued any assignments
4.2
Allocation Methods
Closely related to the spectrum pricing policy is the method of license allocation. As
previously discussed, for certain services the license fee and the spectrum fee are
directly linked. In these cases the market value of the operator license is synonymous
with the market value of the spectrum band. Because of this linkage a discussion of
various allocation methods is necessary APPENDIX A) accordingly provides further
detail in this regard.
4.3
Procedures
3
UNMIK Provisional Institutions of Self-Government, TRA; License for the Installation, Maintenance and
Operation of a Public GSM Mobile Communications Network in the Territory of Kosova, [Vala 900 License] 30
July 2004.
12
Frequency allocations within Kosovo are promulgated by UNMIK via the Kosovo Table
of Frequency Allocations (Table) in accordance with guidelines promulgated by
CEPT/ERC for harmonized frequency use throughout the European Union. Kosovo is
harmonized with normal GSM bands, and the Table notes IMT-2000 bands Many of the
frequency bands are dedicated of military or security use related to peacekeeping
activities and are documented in Part A of the Table, which is apparently restricted and
which the team did not examine. However, in Part B of the table, “Specific Radio
Frequencies Identified as Vacant for Allocation to TRA,” there appear to be ample
allocations designed for public or industry use, again in accordance with CEPT/ERC
guidelines. These include typical commercial-application uses such as radionavigation,
satellite business/industrial/land transportation (B/ILT) use, private land mobile or
specialized mobile radio (PLMR/SMR) point to point / point to multipoint microwave
hops or cellular/personal communications type services. As will be detailed later in the
report he microwave hops in particular have been critical since the end of hostilities in
1999 for bringing high capacity telecommunications into and out of Kosovo, with such
functions now more typically being carried by fiber optic lines in other parts of the EU.
4.4
Frequency Assignments
In contrast to the allocations, frequency assignments are somewhat less defined within
Kosovo, with many channel plans likely incomplete or inaccurate in relation to actual
usage. Although TRA has nominal authority to make frequency assignments through its
licensing authority, in point of fact beyond Vala 900’s individual operating license 4 it has
not actually issued any assignments
4.4.1 Below 500 Megahertz (MHz). Frequency usage on the very high frequency
(VHF) bands between 156.0350 and 174.000 MHz and ultra high frequency (UHF)
between 452.0125 and 468.8250 has been relatively well mapped. Taxi, mining,
railroad and other B/ILT users populating these bands VHF spectrum are fairly well
identified. Many UHF spectrum users, which include the drivers of taxis and buses,
tend to rely on relatively low-power handheld units (“walkie talkies”) rather than the
vehicle-mounded mobile units common elsewhere. In addition to range, coverage and
reliability issues, drivers team members talked to informally noted that individuals from
different taxi companies talking on the same channel was common, and remedied by
switching to another channel or talking over the weaker signal.
4.4.2 500 MHz – 1.2 Gigahertz (GHz). At this juncture the channel plans for the
spectrum in the 500 MHz - 1.2 GHz are far less defined, with many of the channel plans
either nonexistent or in any event not made widely available, including to TRA. The
only official licensed publicly-available mobile telephony service in Kosovo is provided
by the recently privatized state-owned PTT, the Post and Telecommunications of
Kosovo (PTK) through its Vala 900 operating unit. Vala 900 has spectrum available to it
for licensure on the upper 800 MHz band and lower 900 MHz band as detailed below:
4
UNMIK Provisional Institutions of Self-Government, TRA; License for the Installation, Maintenance and
Operation of a Public GSM Mobile Communications Network in the Territory of Kosova, [Vala 900 License] 30
July 2004.
13
Band
Channel
1–58
Channel
62–71
High
Frequ
encies
890.0–
901.6
MHz
902.4–
904.2
MHz
Low
Frequ
encies
935.2–
946.6
MHz
947.4–
949.2
MHz
TOTAL
Usage
(MHz)
23.0
3.6
23.6
As of the team’s January 2006 visit it was reported that 13.6 MHz of this total was
actually licensed by Vala 900, which is also stated in the Vala 900 license. The
remaining 10 MHz is not formally assigned but apparently held in reserve for future
capacity expansion.
4.4.3 Above 1.2 GHz. As noted previously, microwave services have been and
remain particularly critical as the primary source of high capacity telecommunications
lines. The existence of high mountains in the region has hampered fiber deployment
even beyond economic considerations, however like many developing nations Kosovo
has relied on legacy microwave equipment to provide multiple high capacity
telecommunications links in and into the country--currently Kosovo has 2.4 g GHz
microwave links crossing all four borders--Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro and Albania.
Indeed the topography of the Kosovo region itself has facilitated the use of wireless
equipment. A relatively flat plain surrounded by high mountains with moderate-height
mountains in the center have facilitated ‘high site’ Multichannel Multipoint Distribution
Service (MMDS) distribution throughout Kosovo and limited cross-border interference.
A noteworthy grass roots development is that Internet Cafes in towns throughout
Kosovo are now connected to microwave networks independently established operated
by ISPs such as iPKONET’s and Kujtesa. In addition to serving surrounding homes and
businesses the Internet Cafe operators often set up as a local exchange carrier (LEC)
by wiring in to local businesses and residences. In some instances it was related that
these cafes also provide localized mobile radio services using the microwave link as
backhaul. Additionally, the increased availability of Internet services through fiber loop
deployment are also seen as the fastest route to “last mile” connectivity and universal
service faster than would be possible using any expansion of the switched network.
Kujtesa expects full "universal service" broadband coverage to every household in
Prishtina in 2006, expanding to the rest of the country by the end of 2007.
14
4.5
Equipment Certification, or Type Approval
Equipment utilizing the limited spectrum resource must meet stringent technical
standards for operation. These standards may vary by the frequency allocation in which
the equipment operates. Compliance with emission standards, out-of-band compliance,
and other technical and safety parameters. This falls under Equipment Certification, or
in some administrations is known as type approval.
Equipment certification is best implemented in harmonized spectrum allocations.
Equipment operating in allocations not harmonized with, for example, the ECA table
should comply with additional specific equipment certification parameters set by an
administration for operations in spectrum not in compliance with the ECA or with the ITU
Region 1 allocation table. Maintaining an authorization listing for equipment certified to
operate in non-harmonized spectrum allocations is the responsibility of each individual
administration.
Within Kosovo, the best example of a regulatory regime to adopt is the European Radio
and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) 5 directive. The R&TTE
directive was adopted in April 2000 and remains in effect across Europe as a
harmonized Directive for manufacturers and administrations to follow when placing
telecommunications equipment on the market and before any equipment can use a
spectrum resource. Equipment certified under the R&TTE directive is notified by the
application of the CE mark on the equipment.
Adoption of the R&TTE directive, and the modification of the national regulations within
Kosovo to reflect this adoption, is recommended. Particulars on a regulatory framework
for adoption by the TRA are provided as APPENDIX B.
4.6
Monitoring
Currently TRA does have access to frequency monitoring equipment on and ad hoc
basis from FMO, and is likewise attempting to hire and train additional junior staff as
funding becomes available and as competition from private sector jobs for talented staff
makes recruiting by TRA (as opposed to Vala 900 or other private concerns) a
challenge.
Likewise, TRA is currently dependent on the FMO for the availability of frequency
monitoring equipment, with the only other such known equipment in country belonging
to Vala 900. As the relationship between TRA and FMO moves forward under the MOU
discussed previously, it will be necessary for TRA to procure frequency management
equipment of its own. APPENDIX C contains an overview and analysis of some basic
frequency monitoring equipment solutions that may be considered along with others.
5
Directive 1999/5/EC
15
4.7
The UNMIK FMO Plan
As shown in APPENDIX D Booz Allen Hamilton critically evaluated the existing Kosovo
Table of Frequency Allocations (Part A and Part B) and performed a general
comparison to the existing European Common Allocations (ECA) 6 and the current ITU
Region 1 allocations 7. No direct comparison between other ERC and ECC reports was
conducted, nor any comparison to the ITU-R Radio Regulations, with the exception of a
review of Article 5.
Findings on the current Kosovo Table of Frequency Allocations (Part A and Part B) are
that for the spectrum used by KFOR, there is a good harmonization with ECA and ITU
Region 1 (R1) allocations. However, within the KFOR harmonized bands there are
major PRIMARY services not allocated in the current Kosovo table examples include
SPACE RESEARCH, RADIO ASTRONOMY, and EARTH EXPLORATION. This could
be corrected by a detailed examination and review for harmonization with the ECA and
ITU allocations. If a service allocation is not in use in Kosovo, the adjacent
administration protection for those services should be noted by a Kosovo footnote, and
a finding and recommendation is Kosovo should get in the habit of documenting needed
footnotes to both the ECA and the ITU R1 allocations to show different uses within
Kosovo.
The higher allocations in the Kosovo table there is good harmonization with the ECA
and ITU R1.
Within the lower portion of the Kosovo table, there is general harmonization with the
ECA and ITU R1, the exception being the inclusion of recent WRC decisions within the
Kosovo table. Some of the specifics noted are: a primary service not receiving
protection by Kosovo is Maritime Distress in the HF bands...although Kosovo is a
landlocked country, HF fixed/mobile propagation could propagate to nearby shorelines
and cause harmful interference to maritime distress.
Within much of the Kosovo table, proper administration (Kosovo) footnotes on utilization
are needed. Also, the LMR and PMR are fairly harmonized.
6
The European table of frequency allocations and utilizations covering the frequency range 9 kHz to 275
GHz, or European Common Allocation Table (ECA) (ERC Report 25)
7
Radio Regulations, Article 5 (Frequency Allocations), Edition of 2004 (published by ITU)
16
5.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Spectrum in Kosovo is substantially unregulated, with UNMIK enforcement
largely focused on sustaining critical peacekeeping and TRA activity ad hoc and
sporadically applied.
2. Type acceptance for RF emissions equipment is virtually nonexistent.
3. Specific assignments / channel plans are likely outdated or incomplete. Some
key assignments like Vala 900 are not publicly available, including the specific
amount of frequencies used.
4. TRA lacks both the technical resources and staff headcount to conduct
monitoring and enforcement.
5. Beyond Vala 900 subscriptions, there is no formal option for consumer access to
current generation spectrum-based resources services.
6. Conversely, there is a robust grassroots industry using spectrum for business-tobusiness services such as microwave links.
7. Significant revenue potential exists in a regulated spectrum environment in
Kosovo both in terms of direct fees as well as in the value proposition of clear
spectrum.
8. International activities are limited to UNMIK addressing contingency items such
as interference rather than coordinated planning.
9. Kosovo's telecommunications environment is poised to undergo significant
changes, moving towards a liberalized environment in which competition and
commercial application will expand tremendously. New services are being
developed particularly in the IP can take advantage of technological changes,
and create new markets and needs when coupled with a wireless “last mile”
solution.
10. The random/nonlicensed use of frequencies has been a fairly latent problem only
due to the lack of wireless services for consumers since the end of the war in
1999; new service offerings will soon result in frequency congestion below 1.2
MHz
11. As with the existing point-to-point and MMDS microwave infrastructure in Kosovo
wireless systems offer low cost means of extending communication services into
areas not yet served by existing wireline systems in Kosovo, including unlicensed
applications which have no licensure or set-up costs consistent with proper type
acceptance of equipment and non-interference with licensed users.
17
6.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. As contemplated in the MOU, The sole authority for regulating all frequency use,
including the monitoring and enforcement spectrum licensed, unlicensed, and
nonlicensed applications, as well as type acceptance criteria based on EC/ETSI
standards should be transferred from the UNMIK FMO and vested within TRA.
2. If need be limited exceptions from direct TRA regulation for government
purposes can be created such as is done in the US with the separate
management of Federal Agency spectrum by the NTIA, as well as the possibility
of broadcasters as is currently contemplated. Broadcast frequencies could
conceivably also be regulated separately. In both cases however direct
coordination with TRA on all such exceptions must be required in any regulatory
scheme.
3. TRA needs to be ensured the resources and staffing to conduct comprehensive
interference mitigation through both adequate funding to hire train and retain
qualified engineering staff. Likewise, appropriate spectrum monitoring equipment
should be procured by or on behalf of TRA for their exclusive use.
4. Adequate spectrum should be identified for unlicensed applications usage to
promote further development at low costs.
5. Along with its licensing/enforcement authority TRA should also be empowered to
collect fees and penalties, both to fund its own operating costs as well as provide
revenue to the government of Kosovo (e.g., as licensure fees or fines).
6. The TRA should commission a proper study by technical professionals of the
Kosovo Table of Frequency Allocations. The data from this analysis could be
use to fully update the legacy UNMIK plan to reflect up-to-date ERC/ECC/ECA
and ITU-R1 conformity, and note exceptions with Kosovo footnotes;
7. TRA should develop proper documentation for Kosovo exception to the
ERC/ECC/ECA and the ITU Radio Regulations.
8. TRA should convene a proper delegation for interfacing with the ITU and WRC,
and develop methodology for notifying to adjacent administrations differences in
allocations or allocation use.
18
9. TRA, based on the review of its frequency allocations, should determine the
proper exception footnotes (deviations from the ECA table) and notify the ITU-R
of these footnotes for Kosovo for inclusion in future table updates.
10. Spectrum pricing policy should be adjusted to support the universal
access/service goals established for Kosovo.
11. Spectrum prices should at least be sufficient to cover regulatory costs. Where
spectrum has commercial value, prices should be adjusted to fit the value,
thereby encouraging efficient use, providing a transparent and objective basis for
allocation, and compensating the public for the resource value. Spectrum pricing
can encourage efficient spectrum use by discouraging waste and improving the
economic return on investment in efficient technologies.
12. Kosovo should work toward establishing a common framework and should
assess fees in a competitively neutral fashion. Regulatory fees should generally
be established by TRA in a manner that both recognizes the relative regulatory
burden imposed by different classes of providers and the need for comparability,
both in the magnitude and the form of the fees.
13. TRA should form an advisory committee to better engage with industry and the
user community
14. TRA should assume its proper role as an NRA in coordinating internationally on
spectrum issues at the country-to-country, regional, EU and global level and
participating in policy and standards making bodies.
15. TRA should develop provide incentives (through assignment of licenses,
regulatory flexibility, fee abatements) to encourage innovative and competitive
new services for spectrum use.
19
APPENDIX A: MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE LICENSE ISSUANCE APPROACHES
I.
Comparative Hearings
Until recently, this was the norm - granting licenses without fee or with a nominal fee,
through administrative procedures, on a first-come-first-served basis where spectrum
availability was sufficient to satisfy all the demand from qualified applicants, and through
comparative hearings where it was not.
Comparative hearing procedures tend to maximize both the regulatory costs and the
time required to issue a license. The qualifications of each competing applicant have to
be formally compared, based on published criteria, such as experience in the sector,
financial resources, proposed quality of service, coverage plan and projected schedule
for service implementation. The process usually does not lead to any reliable means of
identifying a superior applicant, because most of the applicants are virtually
indistinguishable from each other. As a result, decisions are often based on minor,
cosmetic differences among the applicants, and are frequently challenged by
unsuccessful applicants. An economically efficient result - assigning the contested
frequency to the applicant who places the highest value on it - can occur only by
chance. This process provides little information as to the value of the spectrum.
II.
Competitive Bids
Competitive Bids try to maintain a technical evaluation of the applicants while
introducing market factors in determining the initial license fee. The process may
include pre-qualification of prospective bidders, a pass/fail technical evaluation, and a
mathematical comparison of financial and network development proposals of technically
qualified bidders.
III.
Lotteries
In a lottery, licensees are selected at random from among all competing spectrum
applicants. This reduces the administrative cost burdens of comparative hearings, and
may even reduce the cost of defending decisions against legal challenges, though this
is by no means certain. At the same time, a lottery may create a different kind of
administrative burden by encouraging more applications to be filed. Lotteries are only
appropriate if identical, usually empty, lots of radio spectrum are being assigned, and if
technical differences among the applicants are not important.
The results of lotteries are not generally economically efficient. Spectrum is not
assigned to those who value it most, except by chance; significant transaction costs are
incurred, but no revenues are generated, unless applicants pay entry fees or the
winners pay license fees; and lottery winners frequently transfer their spectrum rights to
other parties, thus capturing the resource rents for themselves. In other words, lotteries
are, almost by definition, speculative ventures. In the U.S., the only country in which
A-1
they have been tried on any significant scale, their defining characteristic was
speculation, with active participation by parties’ intent on trading the licenses rather than
using them to provide radio services.
IV.
Auctions
One of the arguments against fees set by administrative fiat, as described in preceding
sections, is that each of the formulas is so ad hoc, designed in response to specific
problems and applicable only under limited conditions. There simply is no optimum
formula for administratively determining an economically efficient spectrum usage fee.
Many economists believe truly efficient market assignment of radio spectrum can only
be achieved if licenses are auctioned and are tradable (as described above, under
“Secondary trading”).
Unfortunately, there are also only very limited circumstances where auctions offer a
practical means of spectrum assignment. First, to hold an auction there must be
competing applicants. In other words, in any auction, demand must exceed supply.
Furthermore, international spectrum allocations in many bands preclude any definition
of a spectrum right that would be actionable on a national level.
However, even where demand does exceed supply and international allocations do not
interfere, an auction may not be practical. In general, effective auctions (i.e., auctions
that successfully achieve efficient resource allocation) require well-informed bidders,
who know their market potential and the consequent value of market inputs, like
spectrum. On the other hand, only empty frequency bands can be readily auctioned,
and most bands are not empty. (It is feasible to auction bands with some existing
tenants, and has been done in New Zealand, Australia and a few other cases, but it
complicates the definition of the spectrum rights available for auction, and may also be
complicated politically.) This leads to an apparent paradox that, on the one hand, for
auctions to succeed a market must be mature, with well-informed bidders, while on the
other hand, if a market is mature, most spectrum will already be in use, making it hard
to hold an auction.
Forms of auctions. The image of auctions as the essence of a free market becomes
even more clouded when we realize how difficult it is to design an auction that can
actually work within a free market environment. As Canada’s Department of
Communications noted, in preparing for that country’s first spectrum auctions, “a badly
designed auction may result in inefficient assignments, delayed deployment of services,
and lost resource rents.”
The goal is to design an auction that accurately reveals the market clearing price.
When only a single item is being auctioned, its value entirely self-contained (i.e.,
independent of any other item), auction design is simple. The traditional “English”
auction works well. An auctioneer announces a price, a bidder expresses a willingness
to buy at that price, and the auctioneer raises the price, and keeps raising it until he
reaches a level at which only one person is willing to bid, and no one is willing to bid
A-2
higher. Since this is the point at which the second highest bidder drops out of the
auction, the final price is at least equal to the private valuation of the second highest
bidder. The winning bidder has a higher valuation for the item, so he gets a payoff
consisting of the difference between his valuation and the final bid.
The final price is, by definition, a market clearing price, but it is at the lower end of the
range of clearing prices. (It is important to recognize that each bidder’s valuation
represents the highest price the bidder feels he can pay for the item and still use it in a
way that will be commercially profitable. Thus, the “payoff” mentioned above is an extra
bonus, over and above the winning bidder’s profit potential. In another sense, it is the
reward for the risk of participating in the auction.)
The inverse of the English auction is the “Dutch” auction, in which the auctioneer begins
with a high price and gradually lowers it until one of the bidders claims the item. This is
a format that encourages guesswork. No one wants to pay a price that is equal to his
valuation of the item on auction, because they can usually increase their monetary
payoff by claiming the item at a lower price. Consequently, all participants try to guess
the valuation of the second highest bidder, and claim the prize before the bidding
reaches that level. This is risky business, and may lead to a winning bid that is below
the true market clearing price. That is, there may be dissatisfied non-winning bidders
who valued the item higher than the winner did, but lost out because they misjudged
their competitors’ valuations and let the price drop too low.
The likelihood of a sub-optimal price is especially great if the bidders are risk neutral.
That is, bidders will be conservative if failure to win the auction represents only a lost
opportunity, with no risk of any competitive harm from the winning bidder. On the other
hand, if bidders are risk averse (e.g., if losing the auction means facing competition in
their core business from the winner), they will try to minimize the risk of losing by
bidding as close as possible to their true valuation. In this case, the result may be a
higher bid than in an English auction.
A Dutch auction can be improved by isolating the bidders (e.g., by putting them in
enclosed booths), and allowing them to respond to an electronic display of the
descending bid price by pressing a button when they wish to claim the prize. This can
then be made into a “second-price” auction by allowing the price to continue descending
until a second bidder signals a willingness to buy. The first bidder then wins the auction
and pays the second bidder’s price. As this is, in every respect, identical to a sealed-bid
second-price auction, we will discuss its benefits below, after first describing the sealedbid first-price auction, the standard procedure for awarding business procurement
contracts.
In this format, each bidder submits one bid, sealed for confidentiality until all the bids
are opened, and the highest bidder pays his declared price. This is the format that
perhaps best suits the term “winner’s curse”, because the announcement that a bidder
has won the auction also conveys to the winner the bad news that everyone else
thought the item was worth less. Again, this is a format that encourages guesswork, so
A-3
the winner, having bid with inadequate market knowledge, often proves to be truly
“cursed” by business failure. (See the discussion of India’s auction experience, below.)
As with the standard Dutch auction, all participants in the sealed-bid first-price auction
try to guess the valuation of the second highest bidder, and bid at that level or slightly
higher. In both these formats, the winner’s payoff will again be the difference between
his valuation and the bid he pays, but this difference may be smaller than it is in an
English auction.
The sealed second-price auction works the same as its first-price counterpart, except
that when the bids are opened, the winning bidder gets the auctioned item at the
second highest bid price. In this case, each bidder has an incentive to bid his true
valuation of the item. While he may improve his chances of winning the auction by
bidding above his valuation, he also creates the risk of having to pay a price that is
above his valuation. Conversely, bidding below his valuation reduces his chances of
winning, without reducing the price he’s obligated to pay if he does win. As in the
English auction, the winning bidder’s payoff will be the difference between his valuation
and the valuation of the second highest bidder. However, with the sealed second-price
auction the payoff becomes known to all participants when the winning bidder’s bid is
disclosed. Thus, this format, when used for a public auction of public resources, often
prompts the unwarranted criticism that the payoff represents lost economic rent. The
advantage of the sealed second-price auction is that it assures a market clearing price
while avoiding the English auction’s risk of bidding cartels.
However, none of the foregoing can be applied to an auction with multiple, mutually
interdependent items on offer (such as nearly identical blocks of radio spectrum),
because none of them facilitates efficient aggregation of multiple items or ensures that
similar items will go at similar prices. This is especially true with single-round sealed-bid
auctions, in which participants are forced to bid blind, unable to know how high they
have to go to win a particular item.
Thus, suppose three spectrum licenses are on offer in a sealed-bid auction, and their
frequencies and geographic locations are such that, as a group, they would comprise a
very valuable complement to my current business. Taken together, I value the three
licenses at $30 million. However, if they cannot be acquired in a block, each license,
taken individually, is only worth $7 million to me. My problem arises if one of the other
bidders, unknown to me, values one of the licenses at more than $10 million. If I submit
an identical bid of $10 million on each license, and one of them goes to another bidder
for $11 million, I will have to pay $20 million for two licenses that are only worth $14
million to me.
Under the same circumstances, if the licenses are offered sequentially in an open
English auction, I may face a risk of predatory bidding from a rival with deeper pockets
and a desire to prevent me from mounting a competitive challenge to his business.
Such an adversary could simply force the bidding up on the first one or two licenses in
the sequence, making me pay higher prices than I want to for them and handicapping
me in the later bidding. For example, with a $30 million budget for the three licenses, I
A-4
might bid $23 million for the first two, thinking that the third, by itself, will have little value
to other bidders and I will be able to get it for $7 million - only to see it go to my rival for
$10 million.
In situations of this type, where items on auction are complements, there may be no
market clearing price for individual items, and the auction formats described above will
lead to inefficient results - winning bids below the market-clearing price and identical
items going for wildly different prices. There are auction formats that can improve the
results, albeit with increasing complications for the bidders, as well as for the auction
administrators.
For identical lots, a second-price sealed-bid format can be adapted to a simultaneous
auction, with the highest bidders matching the number of lots (i.e., for n lots, the n
highest bidders) paying the bid price of the highest unsuccessful bidder. Since
everyone pays the same price, it is sometimes called a “one-price” auction. It has been
used successfully by New Zealand for some spectrum auctions where the lots were
essentially identical, but like any second-price auction, it is subject to public criticism
when the difference between what the winning bidders offer and what they pay
becomes known.
In August 1995, the Indian government stood the logic of second-price auctions on its
head by auctioning two cellular licenses in each of 20 regions (“circles”), and requiring
the second highest bidder in each case to match the highest bidder’s price. (If the 2ndhighest bidder declined to match the highest bidder, this option was offered to the 3rdhighest bidder, and so on down the list of bidders until, if none chose to match the
highest bid, the second license was re-auctioned.) Bidders were generally not well
informed of the market value, but were anxious not to be left out of what was generally
regarded as one of the most valuable telecoms markets ever offered at auction. Just
before the sealed tendering process began, the chairman of India’s privatization
commission, Mrityunjay Athreya, observed prophetically, “I suspect most companies will
err on the high side, just to get in the market.”
In fact, the winning bids were wildly inflated, and in most of the circles they were several
times as high as the second-highest bid. (In auctions three weeks later for basic service
licenses, one high bid was 80 times the second-highest bid.) Second-high bidders had
to go back to their creditors to get funding for the newly inflated license costs, and the
result three years later is inadequate networks, declining usage, a growing code-calling
problem and low revenues. (These problems may also be partly attributable to the fact
that the government took several months to award licenses after announcing the
winners, and forced some winners to divest themselves of some of the licenses, due to
a post-auction decision to restrict ownership in the more desirable regions.) The
licensees are reporting huge operating losses and pleading for relief from their license
fee payments.
The FCC’s approach, using simultaneous multiple-round auctions, has avoided
problems with second-price auctions by ensuring that the winning bidders will pay the
A-5
highest expressed bid prices. Furthermore, the FCC design, first introduced in 1994 for
three different types of PCS frequencies, works just as effectively with lots that are not
identical.
The Commission’s goal was to maximize the information available to bidders during the
course of the auction, to give them confidence and allow them to bid their true valuation
for all lots. Though the process is very complicated in execution, its principles are
simple. Multiple lots are open for bidding at the same time, and sealed bids on all lots
are taken in a series of rounds. The results of each round (i.e., the highest bid and
bidder for each lot) are announced to the bidders before the start of the next round, and
the rounds continue as long as there are acceptable bids placed on any of the lots.
The multiple rounds allow each bidder to see how others value each lot, and which lots
they are trying to aggregate. The bidders can then adjust their own strategies, to try for
second or third options if it appears they will not be able to acquire their optimal
assortment of lots. Since all lots remain open throughout the auction, a bidder can drop
out of the bidding for a lot that is highly contested and shift to another lot, which he
regards as a close substitute, but for which the bidding is less competitive. In this
circumstance, a bidder may even choose to withdraw an earlier bid on one of the lots for
which he is no longer bidding. (A withdrawn bid is subject to a penalty if the lot from
which it was withdrawn subsequently closes at a lower price. Usually the bidder has to
pay the difference between the closing price and the withdrawn bid. The latest auction
by Australia’s ACA yielded A$347.4 million from winning bids, and A$2.7 million in
withdrawal penalties.) Finally, because the winning bidder for each lot pays the highest
price bid for that lot, the winners’ payoffs are not disclosed.
General problems. All the preceding discussion of how a poorly-designed auction can
encourage poor judgment on the part of bidders may lead some to believe that a welldesigned auction can prevent it, but this is not the case. Even the best-designed
auction cannot prevent poor, even inefficient results, as evidenced by the outcome of
the FCC’s 1996 auctions, described below. Essentially, even though economic theory
assumes players are rational actors, there is nothing in human history to suggest that
this is the case, and the opposite is often revealed at auctions. Even theoretically,
Youssef, et al., have noted that, “the superiority of the market compared to the
administrative and centralized system can be proved only if, (1) the market is perfectly
competitive, (2) transaction and enforcement costs are nil, (3) information is perfect and
the environment certain.” The global experience with auctions, described below, has
been mixed.
The problems most often cited with respect to spectrum auctions are that (a) they favor
foreign investors, (b) they reduce capital resources available for system construction, (c)
they promote spectrum speculation, and (d) they create opportunities for manipulating
sector structure (blocking entry or otherwise limiting competition).
The last mentioned, if unchecked, can do particular harm to the goal of market
efficiency. With any of the aforementioned auction forms, there is a risk that one
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spectrum user may buy extra bandwidth to prevent it from being used by competitors.
For example, if the incumbent in a particular market (bidder A) has more financial
resources than a potential new entrant (bidder B), then a particular block of spectrum
that would permit B to compete with A may be worth more to A as an inactive frequency
held in reserve, than it is to B as an avenue for entering the market. In other words, the
value of the spectrum to A (Va) exceeds its value to B (Vb). If the spectrum is sold to A
at Va the public will realize the full monetary value of the spectrum, but will not have
competitive entry in mobile telephone services. On the other hand, if the spectrum is
sold to B at Vb the public will not realize the full monetary value, but will have
competitive entry. The difference between the two valuations (Va-Vb) represents
monopoly profits that A can earn if B is kept out of the market, and this can be viewed
as a monetary loss to consumers.
Canada’s Department of Communications, in soliciting comments and
recommendations on auction policy, noted that, “To prevent a licensee from
warehousing spectrum for the purpose of pre-empting the entry of other service
providers, many spectrum authorities in other countries impose service roll-out
requirements as a condition of license.” It added that this might not be necessary in a
sector or market that was already sufficiently competitive.
Imposing service roll-out requirements on an auction simply means auctioning timelimited rights to implement service on a frequency - not a property right, but a right to
use the radio spectrum. Bidders who have definite, short-term plans for using spectrum
in provision of a service value such a right of use more highly than bidders with less
definite plans, and they reflect that in their bids.
Another difficulty that has marred some auctions is the problem of spectrum
speculation. While secondary trading may help to ensure that a market clearing price is
achieved and spectrum is delivered to the most efficient user, speculation can prevent
the process from working smoothly. This has been especially apparent in open
markets, such as the U.S., where competition is fierce and successful bidders have a
reasonable expectation of trading their spectrum rights to aspiring spectrum users.
Uninformed speculators, who do not know either the true commercial value of individual
licenses or the relative merits of various license aggregations, can drive prices up, often
going beyond a reasonable valuation level and finding themselves with rights that can
only be traded at a loss. This has resulted in some delays in getting needed spectrum
into use. (Note that speculation is even more of a problem with lotteries, as discussed
above.)
A less debilitating, but no less real, problem with auctions is the fact that they favor
foreign investors. Of course, this is only a matter of concern in countries where national
public policy favors domestic ownership of communication resources, for reasons that
are usually non-economic. A foreign investor has an advantage in most auction formats
for two reasons - greater access to capital and more experience in assessing the value
of communication markets. Most countries where this is an issue deal with it by
including in the bidder pre-qualification standards a restriction on foreign ownership.
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A greater concern is the fact that spectrum auctions can reduce the capital resources,
foreign or domestic, that are available for constructing communication systems. Though
it may be important, from a public policy point of view, to capture economic rents
associated with a limited public resource, it is also important to put the resources to use,
and this can be delayed when the lion’s share of bidders’ capital is being paid into the
national treasury. An auction concept that has been successfully applied to the
privatization of some national telecoms operators (e.g., in Bolivia) is a capitalization
auction, in which each bid represents the bidder’s commitment to capitalize the
enterprise being auctioned. In the case of a spectrum auction, bids might represent the
bidders’ commitment to capitalize a service to use the frequency on offer. The difficulty
here is with enforcement, especially in markets where distribution systems account for
much of network costs and a licensee’s investment in his network depends largely on
the success of his marketing efforts.
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APPENDIX B – TYPE APPROVAL REGULATION TEMPLATE
PROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
KOSOVO
TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATORY AUTHORITY
TYPE APPROVAL OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL AND RADIO EQUIPMENT
IN KOSOVO
Prishtina, August 2, 2006
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SEAL
KOSOVO
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Kosovo, pursuant to Sections 4(4) and
59(3) of the Telecommunications Law of 2002, has adopted the following:
Regulation Concerning the Type Approval of
Telecommunications Terminal and Radio Equipment
I.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
Purpose and Application
(1)
In accordance with Sections 58 and 59 of the Telecommunications Law, Law No. 2002/7
(promulgated by UNMIK/REG/2003/16 (12 May 2003)), this Regulation provides general terms
and conditions for issuing type approval certificates for radio and telecommunications terminal
equipment, including recognition of attests issued by recognized international institutions and
other national administrations.
(2)
This Regulation, and particularly the exemption from type approval procedures based on
recognition of approvals granted by recognized international organizations and national
administrations set forth in Article 7 hereof, shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with
the principles of transparency and non-discrimination, technological neutrality, the assurance of
efficient competition, and the application of the minimal regulatory burden necessary to protect
the integrity of networks and the interests of users and consumers in the territory of Kosovo.
(3)
This Regulation shall apply to all entities that engage or intend to engage in
telecommunications activities in the territory of Kosovo.
(4)
As used in this Regulation, “entities” applies to parties engaging in or intended to engage
in the operation of telecommunications networks or the provision telecommunications services
in the territory of Kosovo.
(5)
Forms annexed hereto comprise an integral part of this Regulation, except that the
Authority may make minor technical and non-substantive changes thereto for ease and
convenience without the necessity of a new regulation.
Article 2
Definitions
(1)
For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions shall be applicable:
“CE Marking” means the mark on Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment signifying the
manufacturer’s declaration that the equipment complies with the essential requirements of
the relevant European health, safety and environmental protection legislation.
“Certificate of Type Approval” means the authorization granted by the Authority to install,
connect, use, or sell for use in territory of Kosovo any telecommunications equipment or
radio equipment.
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Telecommunications Regulatory Authority
Type Approval Regulation
“Common Technical Regulations” or “CTRs” mean the rules and standards governing the
connection of Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment to networks in the Member States
of the European Union promulgated under the Terminal Equipment Directive (Directive
98/13/EC) by the Technical Regulations Applications Committee (TRAC) of the European
Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) at the request of the Approval Committee for
Terminal Equipment (ACTE) chaired by Directorate General XIII of the European
Commission.
“Customer Premises Equipment” (also synonymously referred to as “connected
telecommunications equipment”) means terminal equipment, including but not limited to
telephone instruments, PABXs, video conferencing devices, etc., that is connected to the
Public Network and resides on the customer’s premises
“Equipment Class” means a class identifying particular types of apparatus which are
considered to be similar and those interfaces for which the apparatus is designed. An
apparatus may belong to more than one equipment class.
“Harmonized Standard” means a technical specification for Terminal Equipment or Radio
Equipment promulgated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI),
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), or the European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) under a mandate from the European
Commission in conformity with procedures set forth in Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) and
published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, voluntary compliance with
which creates a presumption of conformity with legal requirements for type approval in the
member states of the European Union.
“Interface” means (i) a network termination point, which is a physical connection point at
which a user is provided access to a Public Network; and/or (ii) an air interface specifying
the radio path between radio equipment and their technical specifications;
“ITU” means the International Telecommunications Union, including any of its relevant
standard-setting constituent organs.
“National Technical Standards” mean technical specifications for Terminal Equipment or
Radio Equipment promulgated by the Authority in accordance with the procedures
established under the Telecommunications Law.
PABX” means a private automatic branch exchange that permits the internal switching or
routing of telephone calls at a customer premises, and includes systems designed for small
businesses (small business systems) and systems that provide features associated with key
sets (key systems) and similar devices.
“Public Communications Service Provider” shall have the meaning set forth in the
Telecommunications Law.
“Public Network” shall have the meaning set forth in the Telecommunications Law.
“Radio Equipment” shall have the meaning set forth in the Telecommunications Law.
“Radio Waves” means electromagnetic waves of frequencies from 9 kHz to 3000 GHz,
propagated in space without artificial guide;
“Recognized EU National Technical Standards” mean a technical specification for
Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment promulgated by a European national standards
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body that is a member of the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), but which has
not been promulgated as a Harmonized Standard.
“Terminal Equipment” shall have the meaning set forth in the Telecommunications Law.
The system of connection for Terminal Equipment may be wire, radio, optical or any other
electromagnetic system.
(2)
Words and expressions not defined in this Regulation, but defined in the
Telecommunications Law have, in this Regulation, the meanings so defined.
(3)
Words importing the singular shall, unless the context otherwise requires, include and
apply to the plural and vice versa.
(4)
Words denoting persons shall include individuals, partnerships, bodies corporate and
any other entities with legal personalities.
Article 3
Type Approval Standards
(1)
To be approved for connection to a Public Network, Terminal Equipment and Radio
Equipment shall–
(a)
comply with the relevant Common Technical Regulations;
(b)
comply with standards for user safety, including standards for emissions from low
voltage equipment;
(b)
comply with international standards applicable in the territory of Kosovo, including
standards for environmental health and safety and electromagnetic radiation and
emissions;
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meet such standards as specified for electromagnetic compatibility;
(d)
pose no risk of harm to the Public Network;
(e)
comply with provisions of the Telecommunications Law and regulations pertaining to
electrical and harmful interference;
(f)
effectively and efficiently utilize the radio spectrum; and
(g)
be technically compatible with the network.
(2)
Section 1 of this Article applies to medical equipment and motor vehicle equipment that
has radio or terminal equipment built-in as a constituent part or accessory.
(3)
This Regulation shall not apply to:
(a)
Receivers designed exclusively to receive audio or television broadcast channels;
(b)
Cable and wire installations for the reception of broadcast channels;
(c)
Radio equipment from self-assembly kits, unless such equipment is sold on the
market.
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II.
TYPE APPROVAL PROCEDURES
Article 4
Requirement of Type Approval
(1)
All Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment, and the parts or components thereof, to
be installed, connected, used, or sold for use in territory of Kosovo shall conform to relevant ITU
and other applicable technical standards.
(2)
Unless otherwise exempted, all Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment, and the
parts or components thereof, to be installed, connected, used, or sold for use in the territory of
Kosovo shall receive a Certificate of Type Approval from the Authority in accordance with this
Regulation.
(3)
Type approval shall be done only once and subsequent users of the same model of
Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment shall not have to apply to the Authority for type
approval.
(4)
Categories of Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment that require a Certificate of
Type Approval include, but are not limited to:
(a)
Telephone instruments;
(b)
Fax machines;
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PABXs;
(d)
Telex equipment
(e)
Modems;
(f)
Cordless telephones;
(g)
Cellular telephones;
(h)
GSM telephones
(i)
Pagers;
(j)
Wireless remote devices;
(k)
Telecommunications switching equipment;
(l)
Mobile radios;
(m)
Radio transmitters;
(n)
Radio receivers;
(o)
Satellite earth stations;
(p)
Telecommunications switching equipment;
(q)
Other equipment emitting a radio signal; and
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Any other equipment to be connected to any part of a Public Network.
(5)
The Authority may update the list set forth in section 4 of this Article without the
necessity of adopting a new by-law and shall publish such modifications on its website.
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(6)
Receive-only Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment devices shall be exempt from the
type approval requirements of this Regulation but shall comply with the CTR requirements in
Article 10.
Article 5
Type Approval Application
(1)
Applicants for a Certificate of Type Approval shall submit an application to the Authority
stating the name of the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment to be approved, the name of
the manufacturer of the equipment, the intended use within the territory of Kosovo, and the
name and address of the authorized representative of the individual or organization that will hold
the Certificate of Type Approval.
(2)
Applications for a Certificate of Type Approval shall be supported by the following
information:
(a)
Appendix A: A technical description of the equipment to be approved sufficient
for the identification of the equipment;
(b)
Appendix B: Schematic diagrams of the equipment to be approved;
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Appendix C: Relevant technical documentation of the equipment to be approved;
(d)
Appendix D: True copies of any available test reports and authorizations on
electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety, and also indicating the
specifications against which these tests have been carried out.
(e)
Appendix E: If the equipment for which type approval is sought has received a
certificate of approval that is recognized by the Authority, a list of the Common
Technical Regulations and other harmonized standards that are to be applied in
full or in part or, where harmonized standards have not been applied or do not
exist, copies of the approval and the relevant underlying test reports;
(f)
Appendix F: Bills of materials, and other customs forms, pertaining to the
equipment to be approved;
(g)
Appendix G:
equipment;
(h)
Appendix H: Where appropriate, a letter of agency from the manufacturer of the
equipment or his principals or distributors appointing the applicant as the agent
or distributor for the sale of the equipment.
A copy of the user guide or manufacturer’s manual for the
(3)
Unless the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment for which type approval is sought
has received a type approval that is recognized by the Authority, or is otherwise exempt under
this Regulation, a sample of the equipment must be submitted for testing at the time of the
submission of the application for a Certificate of Type Approval.
(4)
Applications for a Certificate of Type Approval shall bear the original signature of an
officer or authorized representative of the applicant.
(5)
Applications for a Certificate of Type Approval and all other documentation submitted
therewith shall be submitted in the English language, except that, in the case of documentation
in a foreign language, an English translation may be provided.
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(6)
Upon receipt of the application, the Authority shall compute the applicable fee and
invoice the applicant within 30 days of receipt of the application. Failure by the applicant to
remit the invoiced fee within 30 days of its receipt may result in the loss of provisional type
approval provided for herein.
(7)
The Authority may require a minimum of 4-6 weeks time to review the application,
conduct tests and grant type approval for Customer Premises Equipment and a minimum of 4-6
months for larger Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment, which includes without limitation
telecommunications switching equipment with more than 1000 ports or high capacity microwave
radio equipment.
(8)
Subsequent changes in models, design and other technical specifications of Terminal
Equipment and Radio Equipment will require fresh type approval from the Authority.
Article 6
Provisional Type Approval
(1)
Applicants for a Certificate of Type Approval shall be eligible on a provisional basis to
import, to install, connect, use, or sell for use in the territory of Kosovo the Terminal Equipment
and Radio Equipment pending review and final action upon the application for a Certificate of
Type Approval in accordance with this section.
(2)
If the application for a Certificate of Type Approval meets the requirements of this
regulation, and the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment complies with basic requirements,
provisional type approval shall be granted for an initial period of six months, which period may
be extended for an additional six months, provided that the equipment has a record of
satisfactory performance within the first six-month period.
(3)
The Authority shall deny provisional approval where Terminal Equipment poses a hazard
to the Public Network or to human health, or where Radio Equipment poses a hazard to human
health or will cause harmful interference.
(4)
The Authority shall give notice to the applicant that provisional type approval has been
granted and in such notice the Authority shall issue a provisional type approval registration
number to be displayed on the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment.
(5)
The Authority may limit the number of units introduced under provisional type approval
for good cause.
(6)
During the six-month period, reports regarding the working status and maintenance of
the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment will be considered by the Authority.
(7)
During the six-month period of provisional type approval any person or persons may
submit complaints to the Authority regarding the use or performance of the Terminal Equipment
or Radio Equipment.
(a)
A complaint shall be in writing and shall contain:
(i)
the name and address of the complainant;
(ii)
the name (and address if known) of the applicant against whom the complaint is
made; and
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(iii)
a complete statement of the facts, including supporting data, where available,
showing that the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment does not conform to
the requirements of this section.
(b)
The Authority shall forward a copy of all complaints to the applicant and afford
the applicant the opportunity to rebut in writing each complaint.
(8)
The Authority may revoke provisional type approval should the type approval conditions
be violated or upon any other good cause shown.
(9)
Prior to revoking provisional type approval, the Authority shall notify the holder of its
intention to revoke and permit the holder to offer a written explanation and justification why
provisional type approval should not be revoked.
Article 7
Recognition of Type Approval from
Other Institutions and Administrations
(1)
Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment that has been authorized to be installed,
connected, used, or sold for use pursuant to a type approval issued by an international
institution or the administration of country that is recognized by the Authority shall be entitled to
full type approval in the territory of Kosovo and shall be exempt from provisional type approval
and testing procedures.
(2)
The Authority shall recognize type approvals granted under the Harmonized Standards
of the European Union, including, without limitation –
(a)
Cellular mobile telephones and radio transmitter base stations certified, and
bearing the appropriate label, for use in the European Union;
(b)
Facsimile machines certified, and bearing the appropriate label, for use in the
European Union;
(c)
PABX and related equipment certified, and bearing the appropriate label, for use
in the European Union;
(d)
Customer Premises Equipment and related equipment certified, and bearing the
appropriate label, for use in the European Union;
(e)
Other Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment certified, and bearing the
appropriate label, for use in the European; and
[(f) – et seq. reserved for the insertion of additional recognitions]
(3)
In the absence of a recognized standard under sections 2 of this Article, the Authority
shall recognize type approvals granted under Recognized EU National Standards, provided that
applicant for type approval can demonstrate compliance with the standards set forth in Article 3
of this Regulation.
(4)
The Authority may also recognize international standards or recommendations adopted
by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), or other standards setting institutions that conduct type approval testing
and certification, provided that applicant for type approval can demonstrate compliance with the
standards set forth in Article 3 of this Regulation.
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(5)
The burden shall be on the party seeking the recognition of a type approval granted by
another administration to demonstrate that the equipment qualifies for recognition hereunder.
Article 8
National Technical Regulations
(1)
The Authority may adopt National Technical Regulations for Terminal Equipment and
Radio Equipment to enable applicants to obtain national conformity certification as required in
cases where a harmonized Standard does not apply.
(2)
The Authority may in National Technical Regulations choose to recognize the results of
tests performed by an accredited European test laboratory for national conformity certification.
(3)
National Technical Standards adopted by the Authority will be published on its official
web site.
(4)
All equipment that certified in conformity with National Technical Regulations must bear a
national marking.
(5)
Proposals for the adoption of National Technical Regulations may be developed by the
Authority or submitted to the Authority by any interested party.
(6)
Proposals for the adoption of National Technical Regulations shall be published by the
Authority on its website with an invitation to interested parties to submit comments to the Authority
within thirty (30) days, which comments shall be taken into account by the Authority in making its
decision whether to adopt a standard or to modify a proposed standard for adoption.
Article 9
Full Approval
(1)
Upon the expiration of the provisional type approval period, a Certificate of Type
Approval shall be granted for a period of ten (10) years, which period may be extended for an
additional 10 years.
(2)
The Authority may deny an application for a Certificate of Type Approval if it finds that
during the provisional approval period it has been demonstrated that the grant of full approval:
(a)
is contrary to the public interest; and
(b)
Will damage the Public Network, cause harmful interference, or endanger human
health.
(3)
In making its determination, the Authority will consider the number of complaints
received and any technical issues that have arisen during the provisional approval period.
(4)
The issuance of a Certificate of Type Approval will include the issuance of a registration
number to be displayed on the equipment as it is installed, connected, used, or sold for use in
the territory of Kosovo. The Authority shall keep the registration number on file for the life of the
use of the equipment.
(5)
The Authority shall give the applicant written notice of the denial of an application for a
Certificate of Type Approval and provide specific reasons for the denial.
(6)
The Authority may revoke a Certificate of Type Approval upon good cause shown. Upon
revocation, the holder of a Certificate of Type Approval may petition the Authority for
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reconsideration or to modify the equipment and apply for type approval of the modified
equipment.
Article 10
Labelling Requirements
(1)
Type approved Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment should carry –
(a)
a permanent label or engraved marking that provides the (i) the conformity
certificate and type approval number, (ii) date of manufacture, and (iii) the name of
the conformity certificate or type approval holder;
(b)
a short Declaration of Conformity in the Albania, Serbian, and English languages
including a contact web and/or mail address where the complete technical
documentation is available and stating that the product is in compliance with the
applicable Harmonized Standard; and
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one of the following statements according to the intended purpose of the Terminal
Equipment or Radio Equipment:
(i)
“May be connected to the public communications network in the territory of
Kosovo”,
(ii)
“Private business radio equipment – Kosovo”,
(iii)
“Private amateur radio equipment – Kosovo”,
(iv)
“Private CB radio equipment – Kosovo”,
(v)
“Private leisure radio equipment – Kosovo”.
(2)
Details given on the label or engraved imprinting must also figure clearly in the user
handbook and on the product wrapping. Restrictions on taking equipment into use must be
explained in the user manual and on the packaging.
(3)
It is prohibited to affix any mark that could be confused with European marking on
conformity certified Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment.
(4)
The Authority may prescribe further procedural rules for the verification and labelling of
Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment pursuant to the provisions of this Regulation and shall
publish such information on its website.
Article 11
Requirements for Electrical Devices
(1)
–
All electrical devices used, marketed or manufactured in the the territory of Kosovo shall
a)
Not harm the environment or the user;
b)
Not interfere with public health and safety;
c)
The electromagnetic interference they cause does not exceed a level that allows radio
and telecommunications equipment and other electrical devices to operate in the
manner in which they were designed;
d)
They have an adequate level of resistance to electromagnetic interference allowing
them to operate in the manner in which they were designed.
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(2)
The provisions of section 1 of this Article shall not apply to:
(a)
Electrical energy or the network for the generation, transmission and distribution of
power;
(b)
The intended signal emitted by radio transmitters.
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Radio equipment from self-assembly kits that are not commercially available.
(3)
When, as a result of electromagnetic interference, electrical devices or parts thereof
cease to comply with the requirements of this Article the owners or users shall, at their own
expense, repair the electrical devices and return them to full compliance with the requirements
of this Regulation, or failing to do so, remove them from use
(4)
Electrical devices that are designed for educational or testing purposes may exceed the
permissible level for generating electromagnetic interference, provided that they are designed
for the study of electromagnetic phenomena and provided further, that reasonable measures
are taken to ensure that the devices do not interfere with other electrical devices in the vicinity.
(5)
The Authority may permit the limited use of complicated electrical devices that fail to
fulfill the requirements related to electromagnetic compatibility, provided that the use is limited in
time and place, and that reasonable measures to be specified by the Authority are taken to
ensure that the devices do not interfere with other electrical devices in the vicinity.
(6)
The Authority shall prescribe procedures for the verification and labelling of electrical
devices pursuant to the provisions of this Article and shall make such information publicly
available.
Article 12
Labelling Requirements Related to
Compliance With Common Technical Regulations
(1)
Terminal Equipment, Radio Equipment, and electrical devices that have received
European conformity certification under the CTRs must carry visible, legible and permanent
European “CE” marking showing that it conforms to all applicable Directives (e.g., TTE, Low
Voltage, EMC).
(2)
The CE Marking should conform to the following format:
(3)
The CE marking must be affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the product or to its data
plate. However, where this is not possible or not warranted on account of the nature of the
product, it must be affixed to the packaging, if any, and to the accompanying documents, where
such documents are required. Where a notified body list from the list of notified bodies
published in the Official Journal of the European Communities is involved in the production
control phase of the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment, its identification number must
follow the CE marking.
(4)
Where the Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment is intended for connection to the
Public Network, an “X” shall be included in the marking. Where the Terminal Equipment or
Radio Equipment is capable of being connected to the Public Network, but is not intended for
such a purpose, an “X” shall be included in the marking.
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(5)
Certificates of conformity to a CTR issued by a notified body within an EU member state
shall be recognized in the territory of Kosovo and no other administrative formality is required
(and vice versa) for certification.
(6)
A list of the CTRs currently in force will be published by the Authority on its website.
Article 13
Permission to Clear Customs
(1)
To ensure that imported Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment does not damage or
jeopardize the integrity of the Public Network, cause harmful interference, or endanger human
health, compliance with the type procedures set forth in this Regulation is required prior to the
importation of Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment into the territory of Kosovo.
(2)
The preceding rule shall not apply in circumstances where:
(a)
A cellular phone or fax machine is imported by an individual person who is:
(i)
visiting the territory of Kosovo for less than 30 days;
(ii)
taking up permanent residence in territory of Kosovo for the first time; or
(iii)
a resident of territory of Kosovo returning after being overseas; and
(iv)
which is solely for the personal use of the individual person importing the
cellular phone; and
(v)
bears a label, or is submitted for clearance by Customs with documentation
stating that the cellular mobile phone is authorized for use by a recognized
administration.
(b) Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment is temporarily imported for demonstration
purposes and said equipment bears a label, or is submitted for clearance by Customs
with documentation stating that the equipment is authorized for use by a recognized
administration.
©
Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment is imported solely for use as a temporary
field facility by:
(i)
a criminal law enforcement agency in the territory of Kosovo; or
(ii)
a defense or other national security organization of the territory of Kosovo;
and
(iii)
bears a label, or is submitted for clearance by Customs with documentation,
stating that the cellular mobile phone is authorized for use by a recognized
administration.
(3)
Except for temporary imports referred to in section 2 of this Article, Terminal Equipment
and Radio Equipment that conforms to the provisions of this Regulation may be freely marketed,
freely transferred and used in the territory of Kosovo, provided that it is correctly installed and
maintained.
Article 14
Inspection and Effect of Type Approval
B-12
(1)
Provided that Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment complies with the requirements
of this Regulation, operators shall not prohibit its interconnection with appropriate interfaces.
(2)
Inspectors appointed by the Authority may prohibit the marketing, sale or use of
Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment and electrical devices that do not comply with this
Regulation or adopt other measures specifically approved by the Authority aimed at preventing
the marketing, sale or use thereof in the territory of Kosovo.
(3)
If Terminal Equipment or Radio Equipment that is clearly labeled or otherwise declared
to be conforming to the requirements of this Regulation causes serious damage to the network,
emits harmful radio interference or inflicts other damage to the operation of the network, an
operator may exclude it or remove it from use. The operator shall notify the user and the
Authority of such exclusion or removal without delay and the Authority may confirm or overrule
such a measure.
(4)
The Authority may prohibit or restrict the marketing, sale or use of a specific item of
Radio Equipment if it threatens:
(a)
The operation of radio-navigation services;
(b)
Services intended to provide for the national security or national defense,
©
Services intended to protect against natural and other disasters or other
emergencies; or
(d)
Serious deterioration, frequent interference or interruption of radiocommunications
services.
Article 16
Cooperation with UNMIK and Other PISG Bodies
(1)
The Authority shall establish cooperative mechanisms with the bodies of the United
Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) responsible for the administration of import controls and
customs procedures in the territory of Kosovo to enable the efficient and orderly implementation
of this regulation.
(2)
The Authority shall establish cooperative mechanisms with the relevant bodies of the
Provisional Institutions of Self Government (PISG) in Kosovo for the efficient and orderly
implementation of enforcement procedures under this regulation.
Article 16
Repeal and Savings
(1)
Upon entry into force of this Regulation, the following existing regulations shall be
repealed –
(a)
Are there any current provisions for standards in Kosovo that should be
repealed.
(2)
The following existing regulations shall remain in effect and shall be brought into accord
mutatis mutandis with the provisions of this Regulation –
(a)
Are there any current provisions for standards in Kosovo that should remain
in effect?
B-13
Article 17
Inspection and Effect of Type Approval
(1)
This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the UNMIK Official
Gazette of the territory of Kosovo.
B-14
ANNEX I
FORM
Application for Provisional Type Approval of
Telecommunications Terminal and Radio Equipment
[TO BE DRAFTED]
B-15
APPENDIX C: SPECTRUM MONITORING OPTIONS
ITU-R SM is the combination of administrative and technical procedures necessary to
ensure the efficient utilization of radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication
services defined in ITU Radio Regulations and operation of radio systems without
causing harmful interference. One aspect of the recommendations is spectrum
monitoring, including the methods of measurement at a distance of emission
parameters, spectrum occupancy, identification of emissions and location of sources of
harmful interference. Spectrum monitoring may be coupled with spectrum management
systems to support administrative, licensing, engineering analysis, and monitoring
control activities. Below is a representative sample of current spectrum monitoring
options and their characteristics.
Key Considerations
Overview
ITU-R
Fixed
stations
Mobile
stations
Portable
stations
ITU-R
SM.
182-4
377-3
378-9
443-2
854-1
1050-2
1139
1392-1
1447
1537
Monitoring, management, direction finding and measurements according
to ITU recommendations for stationary, transportable and mobile
applications.
Monitoring Receiver (R&S ESMB) ITU-R SM compliant: 377, 378, 443,
182, 328, and 845.
Fixed stations require large antennas and sufficient space for equipment,
therefore remote-controlled by the unattended monitoring stations via
fast network links can be integrated into the system.
For monitoring and locating fixed transmitters and for homing. A vehicle
becomes a fully integrated mobile monitoring station, if it is equipped
with a GPS receiver, a compass, and a communication unit to connect to
a lab for additional analysis.
For determining the exact location of a transmitter in areas where the
use of vehicles is not possible, therefore the portable devices are
equipped with a handheld directional antenna
Description
Automatic monitoring of occupancy of the radio-frequency spectrum
Accuracy of frequency measurements at stations for international monitoring
Field-strength measurements at monitoring stations
Bandwidth measurement at monitoring stations
Direction finding and location determination at monitoring stations of signals
below 30MHz
Tasks of a monitoring service
International monitoring system
Essential requirements for a spectrum monitoring stations for developing
countries
monitoring of the radio coverage of land mobile networks to verify compliance
with a given license
Automation and integration of spectrum monitoring systems with automated
spectrum management
Vendor
Overview
Agilent Technologies
Measuring company providing analytical and electrical instruments to the life sciences,
chemical analysis, communications, and electronics industries. The company has three
primary businesses: electronic measurement, bio-analytical measurement and
C-1
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Antennas
Drawbacks
Cost
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Antennas
Drawbacks
Cost
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Drawback
Cost
semiconductor test solutions. It has 21,000 employees and serves more than 110
countries.
RF/microwave instruments and systems, wireless comm., general test and measurement
equipment.
Agilent E3238 Signal Intercept and Collection Solutions
Depending on which tuner (Microwave, HF or V/UHF) is used, up to 20 GHz supported;
the entry-level solution provides up to 6 GHz frequency range with 36MHz bandwidth.
Their PSA spectrum analyzers support up to 50 GHz.
External antennas needed to feed into the system tuner.
Detection of intermittent, random and hidden signal through the use of vector signal
analyzers, instead of standard spectrum analyzers. This provides demodulation
functionality.
Externally interfaced
Restriction on product exports to certain countries (including Kosovo)
Dependent upon the configuration
SAT Corporation
A Lanham, MD based supplier of automatic signal monitoring systems and networks for
satellite and terrestrial monitoring applications.
Satellite, spectrum monitoring and satellite simulation tools
SAT SigMon Series
Omnidirectional system serves 100 Hz - 40 GHz, and used for a quick sweep over an
area. Manual directional system used for locating active signals between 10 MHz – 40
GHz. Automatic direction finding mode detects intermittent, random signals between 2
MHz and 18 GHz. It can be configured to serve up to 40 GHz.
Two vehicles equipped with directional antennas can triangulate an exact location.
Better precision with demodulation.
On-site training offered.
FCC has been using their products for test and analysis.
Existing antennas, or vendors’ own.
Standard models are not ITU-R compliant, but can be configured to be.
Approximately $350,000 for an omnidirectional system, which comprises of multiple
omnidirectional antennas, a spectrum analyzer, RF switches and a controller. The cost
highly depends on the configuration.
Rohde and Schwarz
Test and measurement, information technology and communications company based in
Germany, with 6150 employees worldwide and representatives in over 70 countries
Test and measurement, mobile and trunked radios, radiocommunications, broadcasting,
signal intelligence, spectrum monitoring, antennas, and IT security.
R&S ARGUS-IT
Monitoring Receivers, spectrum analyzers, modulation analyzers, and direction finders
may be combined for different frequency ranges and tasks.
Monitoring receivers ITU-R SM.377, 378, 443, 182, 328, and 845 compliant.
Configuration per customers’ requirements in conjunction with the engineers in Munich.
A range of antennas, providing complete coverage of the 100Hz to 40GHz frequency
range. Their broadband antennas minimized the number of antennas needed.
Omnidirection and directional antennas can both be used for optimum reception.
Frequency range from 100Hz to 40GHz; WiMax covers <66GHz. Will their system be
able to support .16?
Configuration dependent and company confidential; need to contact sales rep in Munich
directly.
C-2
Figure 1: Rhode and Schwarz Antennas and Covered Frequency Ranges
C-3
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Antennas
Cost
POC
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Antennas
Drawbacks
Cost
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Antennas
ATDI
A Paris-based IT company focusing on spectrum management, broadcasting and
microwave radio systems. It provides solutions in planning radio networks and
management of frequencies.
A range of software systems that meet the planning and administration requirement
of radio networks, designed for network operating in frequency ranges between 10
KHz and 450 GHz. Different software tools for network simulation, demographic
analysis, networking planning and administration, and spectrum control and
administration.
ICS Manager nG for network administration, spectrum control and administration.
Based on ITU-R SM.1370, Advanced Automated Spectrum Management System.
The modules cover the following: spectrum planning, ITU notification, international
coordination, national allocation plan and licenses management, operational
management, and licenses penalties and fees.
Spectrum planning, international notification and coordination, national license and
operational management.
This system appears to be more configured more for management, planning, ITU
notification (after the target has been identified) with existing data, rather than
actually data collecting (e.g., for enforcement).
Additional tools needed for the physical spectrum monitoring thereby required.
Also unsure how this WiMAX Forum will affect ICS management.
Not Publicly Available
Daniel Shumire 703.433.5450 (returning 2/10/06)
Tektronix
Satellite, spectrum monitoring and satellite simulation tools
S1705A
Frequency range: 900MHz to 2 GHz
Externally interfaced
Claims to be a “spectrum monitor,” but seems more of a stand-alone spectrum
analyzer
$7,000
STAR-H Corporation
SpectraStar Advanced Digital Spectrum Monitoring System
Monitors spectrum occupancy between DC to 450 MHz, or up to 1 GHz optionally.
3 GHz expansion in the works
Proprietary empirical prediction SW can provide probabilistic ranking of unoccupied
spectrum channels for immediate reallocation while minimizing interference – not
pertinent to the Kosovo project
MATLAB-based SW; complex calculations/analysis can be further performed nonrealtime
Reduced-height MF broadcast, HF communications, Low-profile communications,
and Wideband V/UHF antennas
Drawbacks
Cost
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Communications Research Centre
Spectrum Explorer
A stand-alone software application running on a PC
C-4
Antennas
Drawbacks
Cost
Vendor
Overview
Business
Fields
Product
Key
Features
Antennas
Drawbacks
Cost
Key features include the following: Channel detection and occupancy; signal
power and frequency characterization; automatic estimation of the background
noise floor level; and database recording.
Can identify modulation and the underlying communication system format in realtime.
Optional demodulation.
Optiona real-time estimation of angle-of-arrival of all detected signals.
External
Limited in configuration scope
Communications Research Centre
Spectrum Explorer
A stand-alone software application running on a PC
Key features include the following: Channel detection and occupancy; signal
power and frequency characterization; automatic estimation of the background
noise floor level; and database recording.
Can identify modulation and the underlying communication system format in realtime.
Optional demodulation.
Optiona real-time estimation of angle-of-arrival of all detected signals.
External
Limited in configuration scope
C-5
APPENDIX D – ANALYSIS OF THE KOSOVO TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
Frequency band
( kHz)
RR Region 1 allocations and relevant footnotes
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
9 - 14
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
TRA
14 - 19.95
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
TRA
19.95 - 20.05
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20
kHz)
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL
(20 kHz)
20.05 - 70
FIXED
MARITIME
FIXED
TRA
70 - 72
RADIONAVIGATION S5.60
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
72 - 84
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
RADIONAVIGATION S5.60;
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
84 - 86
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
86 - 90
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
RADIONAVIGATION
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATION
TRA
90 - 110
Fixed
S5.64
RADIONAVIGATION
Fixed
FMO
110 - 112
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.64
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATION
TRA
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
112 - 115
D-1
Notes
115 - 117.6
Fixed
Maritime mobile
S5.64;
RADIONAVIGATION
Fixed
FMO
Frequency band
( kHz)
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
117.6 - 126
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
S5.64
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
126 - 129
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
129 - 130
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
S5.64
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
S5.64;
BROADCASTING
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
FIXED
FMO
BROADCASTING
Media Commission
(MC)
255 - 283.5
BROADCASTING
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
BROADCASTING
MC
FMO
283.5 - 315
MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION (radiobeacons)
S5.73; S5.74
FMO
315 - 325
Maritime radionavigation (radiobeacons) S5.73
;
325 - 405
130 - 148.5
148.5 - 255
D-2
Notes
RADIONAVIGATION
FMO
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
435 - 495
MARITIME MOBILE S5.79; S5.79A
Aeronautical radionavigation
S5.81 S5.82
FMO
495 - 505
MOBILE(distress and calling)
S5.83
505 - 526.5
MARITIME MOBILE S5.79; S5.79A
S5.84
S5.81
BROADCASTING
FMO
BROADCASTING
KFOR
1 606.5 - 1 625
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE S5.90
LAND MOBILE
S5.92
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
1 625 - 1 635
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
FMO
1 635 - 1 800
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
S5.92;
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
405 - 415
415 - 435
Notes
Frequency band
( kHz)
526.5 -1 606.5
D-3
This sub-band will be
used by military forces
to support Moral &
Welfare purposes and
other military
requirements.
1 800 - 1 810
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
FMO
1 810 - 1 850
AMATEUR
S5.98; S5.99; S5.100;
AMATEUR
TRA
1 850 - 2 000
FIXED
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile
S5.92; S5.103
FIXED
FMO
Frequency band
( kHz)
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
2 000 - 2 025
FIXED
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile (R)
S5.92; S5.103
FIXED
FMO
2 025 - 2 045
FIXED
Meteorological aids S5.104
S5.92; S5.103
FIXED
Meteorological aids
FMO
2 045 - 2 160
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
2 160 - 2 170
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
S5.92
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
FMO
2 170 - 2173.5
MARITIME MOBILE
MOBILE
FMO
2 1735 - 2190.5.
S5.108; S5.109; S5.110;S5.111
2 190.5 - 2 194
MARITIME MOBILE
MOBILE
FMO
2 194 - 2 300
FIXED
S5.92; S5.103; S5.112
FIXED
FMO
D-4
Notes
2 300 - 2 498
FMO
FIXED
BROADCASTING S5.113
S5.103
(2500 kHz)
FIXED
BROADCASTING
2 501 - 2 502
Space Research
Frequency band
( kHz)
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
2 502 - 2 625
FIXED
S5.92; S5.103; S5.114
FIXED
FMO
2 625 - 2 650
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION
S5.92
FIXED
S5.92; S5.103
FIXED
FMO
2 498 - 2 501
2 650 - 2 850
MC.
(2500 kHz)
2 850 - 3 025
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)
S5.111; S5.115
FMO
3 025 - 3 155
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)
FMO
3 155 - 3 200
FIXED
S5.116; S5.117
FIXED
BROADCASTING S5.113
S5.116
FIXED
FMO
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FMO, MC
3 200 - 3 230
D-5
Notes
Broadcasting
assignments will be
coordinated between
FMO and MC and finally
approved by FMO
3 230 - 3 400
FIXED
BROADCASTING S5.113
S5.116;
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FMO, MC
3 400 - 3 500
FMO
3 500 - 3 800
AMATEUR S5.120
FIXED
S5.92
Frequency band
( kHz)
3 800 -3 900
Broadcasting
assignments will be
coordinated between
approved by FMO
KFOR; FMO; TRA
assigned on primary
basis to support military
purposes. The only
civilian service inside
this sub-band is the
Amateur Service, that
may be assigned on
secondary basis.
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
Notes
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
3 900 - 3 950
FMO
3 950 - 4 000
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FMO; MC
4 000 - 4 063
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
D-6
Broadcasting
assignments will be
coordinated between
approved by FMO
4 063 - 4 438
MARITIME MOBILE S5.79A; S5.109; S5.110;
S5.130; S5.131; S5.132; S5.129
4 438 - 4 650
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
4 650 - 4 700
FMO
4 700 - 4 750
FMO
4 750 - 4 850
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
BROADCASTING S5.113
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
BROADCASTING
FMO; MC
Broadcasting
assignments will be
coordinated between
approved by FMO
4 850 - 4 995
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
BROADCASTING S5.113
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
BROADCASTING
FMO; MC
Broadcasting
assignments will be
coordinated between
approved by FMO
4 995 - 5 003
000 kHz)
(5 000kHz)
Frequency Band
( kHz)
Kosovo Allocations
Major Users
Notes
5 003 - 5 005
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME
Space research
(5 000kHz)
5 005 - 5 060
FIXED
BROADCASTING S5.113
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FMO; MC
Broadcasting assignments
will be coordinated
between FMO and MC and
finally approved by FMO
5 060 – 5 250
FIXED
Mobile except aeronautical mobile
FIXED
FMO
D-7
5 250 - 5 450
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
5 450 - 5 480
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
5 480 - 5 680
S5.111; S5.115
FMO
5 680 - 5 730
S5.111; S5.115
FMO
5 730 - 5 900
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
5 900 - 5 950
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.136
5 950 - 6 200
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
6 200 - 6 525
MARITIME MOBILE S5.109; S5.110 S5.130;
S5.132; S5.137
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
6 524 - 6 685
FMO
6 685 - 6 765
FMO
6 765 - 7 000
FIXED
Land mobile
S5.138
FIXED
Land mobile
FMO
Frequency Band
( kHz )
RR Region 1 allocations and relevant
footnotes
Kosovo Allocations
Major Users
D-8
New ITU Broadcasting
Allocation 5900-5950
Should be used by
FIXED/MOBILE only in
K…Maritime Distress use
only-JEB
Notes
7 000 - 7 100
AMATEUR S5.120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
TRA
7 100 - 7 300
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
7 300 - 7 350
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.143
FIXED
Land mobile
FMO
7 350 - 8 100
FIXED
Land mobile
S5.144
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
FMO
8 100 - 8 195
8 195 - 8 815
MARITIME MOBILE S5.109; S5.110
S5.132; S5.145
S5.111
8 815 - 8 965
FMO
8 965 - 9 040
FMO
9 040 - 9 400
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
9 400 - 9 500
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.146
9 500 - 9 900
BROADCASTING
S5.147
BROADCASTING
MC
9 900 - 9 995
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
D-9
Protect MMS...only use
FIXED in Kosovo…add
MM 8195-8815
HFBC primary in R1 in
April 2007…fixed in
Kosovo can’t cause harm
Kosovo Allocations
Major Users
9 995 - 10 003
000 kHz)
S5.111
(10 000 kHz)
10 003 - 10 005
Space research
S5.111
10 005 - 10 100
S5.111
FMO
10 100 - 10 150
FIXED
Amateur S5.120
FIXED
Amateur
KFOR; FMO; TRA
10 150 - 11 175
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
11 175 - 11 275
FMO
11 275 - 11 400
FMO
11 400 - 11 600
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
11 600 - 11 650
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.146
11 650 -12 050
BROADCASTING S5.147
BROADCASTING
MC
Notes
Frequency band
( kHz)
D-10
assigned on a primary
basis to support military
purposes. The only civilian
service allowed inside this
sub-band is the Amateur
Service, that may be
assigned on a secondary
basis.
12 050 -12 100
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.146
FIXED
FMO
12 100 - 12 230
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
Frequency band
( kHz)
12 230 - 13 200
MARITIME MOBILE S5.109; S5.110
S5.132; S5.145
FIXED
FMO
13 230 - 13 260
FMO
13 260 - 13 360
FMO
13 360 - 13 410
FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
FIXED
S5.150
FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY
FMO
FIXED
FMO
13 410 – 13 570
13 570 - 13 600
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.151
13 600 - 13 800
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
13 800 - 13 870
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.151
FIXED
FMO
13 870 - 14 000
FIXED
14 000 -14 250
AMATEUR S5120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
AMATEUR
TRA
D-11
Notes
14 250 - 14 350
AMATEUR S5120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
TRA
14 350 - 14 990
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
Frequency band
( kHz)
Kosovo Allocations
Major Users
14 990 - 15 005
000 kHz)
S5.111
(15 000 kHz)
15 005 - 15 010
Space research
15 010 - 15 100
FMO
15 100 - 15 600
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
15 600 - 15 800
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.1346
FIXED
FMO
HFBC protection
15 800 - 16 360
FIXED
S5.153
FIXED
FMO
Maritime Mobile
Protection
16 360 - 17 410
MARITIME MOBILE S5.109; S5.110; S5.132; S5145
17 410 - 17 480
FIXED
17 480 - 17 550
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.146
17 550 - 17 900
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
17 900 - 17 970
FMO
17 970 - 18 030
FMO
D-12
Notes
FIXED
FMO
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
Notes
18 068 - 18 168
AMATEUR S5.120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
S5.154
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
TRA
This sub-band will be used
for military purposes
following the policy written
in ARFA Handbook and
NATO joint Civil/Military
frequency Agreement.
18 168 - 18 780
FIXED
FMO
?-Kosovo allocation
18 780 - 18 900
MARITIME MOBILE
18 900 - 19 020
BROADCASTING S5.134
S5.146
19 020 - 19 680
FIXED
FMO
Maritime AP17 plan
19 680 - 19 800
19 800 -19 990
FIXED
19 990 - 19 995
Space research
S5.111
18 030 - 18 052
FIXED
18 052 - 18 068
FIXED
Space research
Frequency band
( kHz)
FIXED
(20 000 kHz)
D-13
19 995 - 20 010
000 kHz)
S5.111
20 010 - 21 000
FIXED
Mobile
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO
21 000 -21 450
AMATEUR S5.120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
TRA
21 450 - 21 850
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
Frequency band
( kHz)
Kosovo allocations
Major Users
21 850 - 21 870
FIXED S5.155A
S5.155
FIXED
FMO
21 870 - 21 924
FIXED S5.155B
21 924 - 22 000
FMO
22 000 - 22 855
S5.156
FIXED
FMO
22 855 - 23 000
FIXED
S5.156
23 000 - 23 200
FIXED
S5.156
FIXED S5.156A
FIXED
FMO
FIXED
FMO
23 200 - 23 350
D-14
Notes
Maritime Safety/AP17
FIXED
S5.156
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
FMO
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
FMO
24 890 - 24 990
AMATEUR S5.120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
TRA
24 990 - 25 005
000 kHz)
(25 000 kHz)
25 005 - 25 010
Space research
25 010 - 25 070
FIXED
FIXED
FMO
Frequency band
( kHz)
Kosovo allocations
Major Utilization
25 070 - 25 210
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
FMO
25 210 - 25 550
FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY
FMO
25 670 - 26 100
FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING
MC
26 100 - 26 175
FIXED
FMO
26 175 - 27 500
FIXED
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
FIXED
MOBILE
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO
23 350 - 24 000
24 000 - 24 890
25 550 - 25 670
27 500 – 28 000
D-15
Notes
TRA
Maritime Safety/AP17
28 000 - 29 700
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
D-16
TRA
Frequency band
RR Region1 allocation
and relevant footnotes
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
29.700 - 30.005
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE
Defense systems.
EU1 EU2
MOBILE
KFOR
Defense systems.
Radio microphones,
under study.
30.005 - 30.010
MHz
SPACE OPERATION
(satellite identification)
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE RESEARCH
MOBILE
30.01 - 37.50 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE
Defense systems.
Radio microphones,
under study.
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU27
Defense systems.
Radio microphones
30.01 - 34.90 MHz.
ERC
Recommendatio
n
CEPT/ERC/REC
70-03.
Model control
34.995 - 35.225
MHz (exclusive
allocation).
37.50 - 38.25 MHz
38.250 - 39.986
MHz
EU1 EU2
The bands 30.3 30.5 MHz and
32.15 - 32.45
MHz are
harmonized
military bands.
FIXED
MOBILE
Radio Astronomy
S5.149
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
Radio Astronomy
S5.149
PMR.
EU1 EU2
Defense systems.
RA continuum
measurements.
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU2
Defense systems.
39.0 - 39.2 MHz
is under study as
a harmonized
band for meteorscatter
applications.
D-17
Following the
policy written in
ARFA Handbook
and NATO Joint
Civil / Military
Frequency
Agreement, this
sub-band will be
assigned on
exclusive basis to
support military
purposes.
Frequency band
RR Region1 allocation
and relevant footnotes
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
39.986 - 40.020
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
Space Research
MOBILE
Space Research
PMR.
EU1 EU2
RR Region1 allocation and
relevant footnotes
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
40.02 - 40.66
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.150
MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU2
40.660 - 40.700
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.150
MOBILE
S5.150
Defense systems.
MOBILE
Major Users
Notes
Kosovo
Allocation
Major Users
Notes
MOBILE
KFOR
Following the policy
written in ARFA
Handbook and
NATO Joint Civil /
Military Frequency
Agreement, this
sub-band will be
assigned on
exclusive basis to
support military
purposes.
Defense systems.
Frequency band
40.70 - 40.98
MHz
Kosovo
Allocations
Defense systems.
EU1 EU2
ISM.
General SRD.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC
70-03.
PMR.
EU1 EU2
Defense systems.
40.980 - 41.015
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
Space Research
S5.160 S5.161
MOBILE
Space Research
PMR.
EU1 EU2
41.015 44.000 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.160 S5.161
MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU27
Defense systems.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Defense systems.
D-18
Frequency band
relevant footnotes
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
44.0 - 46.4 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.162A
MOBILE
S5.162A
PMR.
EU1 EU27
Defense systems.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 - 68
MHz.
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
S5.162A
PMR.
EU1 EU27
Defense systems.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
LAND MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
On-site paging in the
band 47.00 - 47.25
MHz.
Defense systems.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
46.4 - 47.0 MHz
47 – 48 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.162A S5.163 S5.164
S5.165 S5.169 S5.171
S5.162A S5.164
D-19
Kosovo
Allocation
Major Users
Notes
Frequency band
relevant footnotes
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
48.0 - 48.5 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.162A S5.163 S5.164
S5.165 S5.169 S5.171
LAND MOBILE
S5.162A S5.164
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
48.5 - 50.0 MHz
50 - 51 MHz
51 - 52 MHz
52 - 54 MHz
Defense systems.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
General SRD 49.50
50.00 MHz.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
SAB.
LAND MOBILE
S5.162A S5.164
LAND MOBILE
Amateur
S5.162A S5.164
Defense systems.
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
Defense systems.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46.0 –
68.0 MHz.
LAND MOBILE
Amateur
S5.162A S5.164
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
Defense systems.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
LAND MOBILE
S5.162A S5.164
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
SAB.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
Defense systems.
D-20
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
MOBILE
KFOR
Following the
policy written in
ARFA
Handbook and
NATO Joint
Civil / Military
Frequency
Agreement, this
sub-band will be
assigned on
exclusive basis
to support
military
purposes.
Frequency band
relevant footnotes
54 - 61 MHz
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
LAND MOBILE
S5.162A S5.164
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
SAB.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
61 - 68 MHz.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 – 68
MHz.
Defense systems.
Frequency band
relevant footnotes
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
61 - 68 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.162A S5.163 S5.164
S5.165 S5.169 S5.171
LAND MOBILE
S5.162A S5.164
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU3
Defense systems.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, FB paired with
54 - 61 MHz.
Geographical
sharing with wind
profiler radars in
the range 46 - 68
MHz.
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
S5.149 S5.174 S5.175
S5.177 S5.179
MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU4
Defense systems.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
77.80 80.25 MHz.
68.00 - 70.45
MHz
D-21
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
MOBILE
KFOR
Following the
policy written in
ARFA
Handbook and
NATO Joint
Civil / Military
Frequency
Agreement, this
sub-band will be
assigned on
exclusive basis
to support
military
purposes.
Frequency band
relevant footnotes
70.45 - 74.80
MHz
European Common
Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
Radio Astronomy
S5.149
PMR.
EU1 EU2 EU4
EU27
Defense systems.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2.b, ML paired
with 80.25 84.60 MHz.
73.3 - 74.1 MHz is
a harmonized
military band.
RA continuum
measurements.
RA: 73.0 - 74.6
MHz for solar wind
monitoring.
74.8 75.2 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.180 S5.181
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.180 S5.181
ILS/Marker beacons.
EU1
75.2 - 77.7 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
S5.175 S5.179 S5.184
S5.187
MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU2
Defense systems.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
85.00 87.50 MHz.
D-22
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
European Common Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
77.7 - 77.8 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
S5.175 S5.179
S5.184
S5.187
MOBILE
PMR.
EU1 EU2
77.8 - 84.6 MHz
Defense systems.
MOBILE
MOBILE
PMR.
Defense systems.
MOBILE
85.0 - 87.5 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.190
BROADCASTING
Notes
MOBILE
KFOR
Following the
policy written in
ARFA
Handbook and
NATO Joint
Civil / Military
Frequency
Agreement, this
sub-band will be
assigned on
exclusive basis
to support
military
purposes.
BROADCASTING
MC; KFOR
1.This sub-band
can be used by
military forces to
support Moral &
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, FB paired with
68.00 74.80 MHz.
Harmonized military
band 79.0-79.7
MHz.
EU1 EU2
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, Single
frequency.
EU1 EU2
PMR.
Defense systems.
87.5 - 100.0
MHz
Major Users
EU1 EU2 EU27
PMR.
Defense systems.
84.6 - 85.0 MHz
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, Single
frequency.
Kosovo
Allocations
FM sound
broadcasting
Geneva
Agreement 1984.
D-23
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, FB paired with
75.20 77.70 MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
100 - 108 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.194
BROADCASTING
FM sound
broadcasting
Geneva
Agreement 1984.
108.000 117.975 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.197
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.197
ILS/Localizer 108 112 MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
117.975 121.450 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)
S5.111 S5.198
S5.199
S5.200 S5.201
S5.200
Aeronautical
mobile
communications
for safety and
regularity of flight.
EU5
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)
KFOR, FMO
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace)
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
S5.199 S5.200
EPIRB
Band only available
for distress and
safety purposes.
MOBILESATELLITE (Earthto-space)
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE
KFOR, FMO
Aeronautical
mobile
communications
for safety and
regularity of
flight.
Band only
available for
distress and
safety
purposes.
EPIRB
121.45 - 121.55
MHz
Notes
Major Users
Notes
Welfare
purposes and
other military
requirements.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
VOR 108.000 117.975 MHz.
D-24
Kosovo
Allocations
KFOR; FMO
ILS/Localizer
108 112 MHz.
VOR 108.000 117.975 MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
121.55 - 136.00
MHz
136 - 137 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)
S5.202 S5.203
S5.203A
S5.203B
137.000 137.025
MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.209
Fixed
Mobile except
Aeronautical
mobile (R) S5.204
S5.205
S5.206
S5.208
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
S5.200 S5.201 S5.202
Aeronautical
mobile
communications
for safety,
regularity of flight,
airline business
and airport mobile
communications.
EU5
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)
KFOR, FMO
Aeronautical
mobile
communications
for safety,
regularity of
flight, airline
business and
airport mobile
communications
.
METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.208A S5.209
Space Operation (space-to-Earth)
Space Research (space-to-Earth)
S5.206 S5.208
Meteorological
Satellite.
EU6
METEOROLOGIC
ALSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
KFOR; FMO
Mobile
restricted to
Aeronautical
Mobile (OR).
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
Mobile restricted to
Aeronautical Mobile
(OR), including air
sport.
Meteorological
Satellite.
Low earth
orbiting
satellites.
D-25
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
137.025 137.175 MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.209
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
S5.204 S5.205
S5.206
S5.208
MOBILE
Mobile-Satellite (space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.209
S5.206 S5.208
Meteorological
Satellite.
EU6
METEOROLOGIC
AL- SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
KFOR; FMO
Mobile
restricted to
Aeronautical
Mobile (OR),
including air
sport.
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
Aeronautical Mobile
(OR), including air
sport.
Meteorological
Satellite.
Low earth
orbiting
satellites.
D-26
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
137.175 137.825 MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.209
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
S5.204 S5.205
S5.206
S5.208
MOBILE
S5.206 S5.208
Meteorological
Satellite.
EU6
METEOROLOGIC
AL- SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
KFOR; FMO
Mobile
restricted to
Aeronautical
Mobile (OR),
including air
sport.
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
Aeronautical Mobile
(OR), including air
sport.
Meteorological
Satellite.
Low earth
orbiting
satellites.
D-27
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
137.825 138.000 MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.209
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
S5.204 S5.205
S5.206
S5.208
MOBILE
S5.208A S5.209
S5.206 S5.208
Meteorological
Satellite.
EU6
METEOROLOGIC
AL- SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
KFOR; FMO
This is a
harmonized
military band.
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (OR)
S5.210 S5.211
S5.212
S5.214
LAND MOBILE
S5.210 S5.211
138.0 143.6 MHz
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
Aeronautical Mobile
(OR), including air
sport.
Mobile
restricted to
Aeronautical
Mobile (OR),
including air
sport.
Meteorological
Satellite.
Low earth
orbiting
satellites.
Air operation
control.
Various mobile
applications.
SRD.
D-28
EU2 EU5 EU27
This is a harmonized
military band.
SRDs in the band
138.20 - 138.45
MHz.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (OR)
LAND MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (OR)
LAND MOBILE
KFOR; FMO
This is a
harmonized
military band.
SRDs in the
band 138.20 138.45 MHz.
ERC
Recommendati
on
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
143.60 - 143.65
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (OR)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
S5.211 S5.212
S5.214
LAND MOBILE
SPACE RESEARCH (space-toEarth)
S5.211
Air operation
control.
EU2 EU5 EU27
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (OR)
S5.210 S5.211
S5.212
S5.214
LAND MOBILE
S5.210 S5.211
Air operation
control.
144 146 MHz
AMATEUR S5.120
AMATEURSATELLITE
AMATEUR S5.120
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
146.0 - 146.8
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
MOBILE
146.8 - 148.0
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
MOBILE
143.65 - 144.00
MHz
Various mobile
applications.
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
CEPT/ERC/RE
C 70-03.
military band.
Air operation
control.
Various mobile
applications.
Various mobile
applications.
EU2 EU5 EU27
military band.
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
PMR
EU7
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, Single
frequency.
PMR
EU7
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
151.4 152.6 MHz.
D-29
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
KFOR
KFOR
This sub-band
will be assigned
following the
policy written in
ARFA
Handbook.
Defense radio
communication
s systems
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
148.0 - 148.4
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
MOBILESATELLITE (Earthto-space) S5.209
S5.218 S5.219
S5.221
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) S5.209
MOBILE
S5.218 S5.219 S5.221
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
EU6 EU7
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
S5.218 S5.219
S5.22
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) S5.209
MOBILE
S5.218 S5.219 S5.221
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
EU6 EU7
PMR.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
153.0 154.5 MHz.
S5.224A
RADIONAVIGATI
ON-SATELLITE
S5.224B
S5.220 S5.222
S5.223
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
S5.224B
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) S5.209 S5.224A
MOBILE
S5.220 S5.222 S5.223
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
EU6
PMR.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, Single
frequency.
148.4 - 149.9
MHz
149.90 - 150.05
MHz
Kosovo
Allocations
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
152.6 153.0 MHz.
PMR.
D-30
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
Major Users
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
150.05 151.40
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
S5.149
MOBILE except Aeronautical
Mobile
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
PMR.
EU7
Radio astronomy
applications.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, ML paired with
154.65 - 156.00
MHz.
RA continuum
measurement and
pulsar/solar
observation.
Mobile
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
PMR.
EU7
Radio astronomy
applications.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, FB paired with
146.8 - 148.4 MHz.
RA continuum
measurement and
pulsar/solar
observation.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
Meteorological
Aids
Mobile
PMR
EU7
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile (R)
S5.226 S5.227
Mobile
PMR
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, FB paired with
148.4 - 149.9 MHz.
EU7
151.4 - 153.0
MHz
153 - 154 MHz
154.0 - 154.5
MHz
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b, FB paired with
148.4 - 149.9 MHz.
D-31
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
KFOR
This sub-band
will be assigned
following the
policy written in
ARFA
Handbook.
Defense radio
communication
s systems
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
154.50 - 154.65
MHz
Mobile
PMR
EU7
154.65 - 156.00
MHz
Mobile
PMR
156.0000 156.5125 MHz
Mobile
S5.226
RR Appendix 18
156.5125 156.5375 MHz
MARITIME MOBILE
S5.226 S5.227
156.5375 156.7625 MHz
Mobile
S5.226
156.525 MHz
digital selective
call for distress,
safety and calling.
RR Appendix 18
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
FMO; TRA
PMR (civil
systems)
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
Single frequency.
EU7
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
FB paired with
150.05 - 151.40
MHz.
EU7 EU8
Ship station, paired
with 160.600 160.950 MHz /
single frequency
156.375 - 156.5125
MHz.
EU7 EU8
Single frequency.
D-32
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
156.7625 156.8375 MHz
MARITIME
MOBILE (distress
and calling)
S5.111 S5.226
MARITIME MOBILE
S5.111 S5.226
International
distress, safety
and call frequency
+ guard bands.
156.8375 157.4500
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
mobile
S5.226 S5.229
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
S5.226
RR Appendix 18.
EU7 EU8
156.8375 156.8750 MHz
single frequency
maritime.
Ship station, paired
with 161.500 162.050 MHz /
single frequency
156.850 MHz.
Mobile
PMR
EU7
Mobile
S5.226
RR Appendix 18
Mobile
PMR
157.45 - 160.60
MHz
160.600 160.975 MHz
160.975 161.475 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
mobile
S5.226 S5.229
Notes
Major Users
EU7 EU8
Coast station, paired
with 156.000
156.375 MHz.
EU7
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
Single frequency.
Notes
International
distress, safety
and call
frequency +
guard bands.
LAND MOBILE
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
ML paired with
162.050 - 165.200
MHz.
D-33
Kosovo
Allocations
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
FMO; TRA
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
FMO; TRA
PMR (civil
systems)
PMR (civil
systems
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
161.475 162.050 MHz
Mobile
S5.226
RR Appendix 18
EU7 EU8
162.05 – 165.20
MHz
Mobile
PMR
165.200 165.225 MHz
Mobile
PMR
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Coast station, paired
with 156.875 –
157.450 MHz.
EU7
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
FB paired with
157.450 - 160.600
MHz.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
FMO; TRA
165.225 169.400 MHz
Mobile
PMR
EU7
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
ML paired with
169.825 - 174.000
MHz.
D-34
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
169.400 - 169.825
MHz
Major Utilization
Notes
Mobile
ERMES
169.4125169.8125 MHz
EU7
ERC Decision
CEPT/ERC/DEC/(94
)02 ERMES in the
band 169.4125169.8125 MHz.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-08, Annex
2b,
Single frequency.
PMR.
169.825 - 174.000
MHz
174 – 216 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.235 S5.237
S5.243
Mobile
PMR
EU7
ERC Rec. T/R 2508, Annex 2b, FB
paired with 165.225
- 169.400 MHz.
BROADCASTING
LAND MOBILE
S5.235
TV Stockholm
Agreement 1961.
T-DAB Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
Radio
microphones on a
tuning range
basis, under
study.
EU9
D-35
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-05.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 52-02.
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
PMR (civil
systems)
BROADCASTING
MC
ERC
Recommendati
on
T/R 25-05.
ERC
Recommendati
on
T/R 52-02.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
BROADCASTING
S5.235
T-DAB Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 52-02.
Existing TV
transmitters
according to
Stockholm
Agreement 1961.
BROADCASTING
MC
ERC Rec. T/R
52-02.
existing TV
transmitters
according to
Stockholm
Agreement
1961.
T-DAB
Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
BROADCASTING
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.243 S5.246
S5.247
BROADCASTING
T-DAB Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 52-02.
BROADCASTING
MC
ERC
Recommendati
on
T/R 52-02.
BROADCASTING
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.243 S5.246
S5.247
BROADCASTING
Land Mobile
216 - 223 MHz
223 – 225 MHz
225 – 230 MHz
T-DAB
Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
T-DAB Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
D-36
EU10
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 52-02.
T-DAB sharing with
defense on national
basis.
This band is within
the military tuning
range 225 - 400
MHz.
BROADCASTING
Land Mobile
MC; FMO
ERC
Recommendati
on
T/R 52-02.
T-DAB sharing
with defense on
national basis.
This band is
within the
military tuning
range 225 - 400
MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
230 – 235 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.247 S5.251
S5.252
MOBILE
T-DAB
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Defense systems.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 52-02.
military band.
T-DAB allotments in
this band according
to Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement 1995.
T-DAB sharing with
defense on a
national basis.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Defense
systems.
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.111 S5.199
S5.252
S5.254 S5.256
MOBILE
S5.254
T-DAB
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Defense systems.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 52-02.
military band.
T-DAB allotments in
this band according
to Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement 1995.
T-DAB sharing with
defense on a
national basis.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Defense
systems.
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems.
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
235 – 240 MHz
240.00 – 242.95
MHz
Air Traffic Control.
military band.
D-37
Frequency band
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
242.95 - 243.05
MHz
MOBILE SATELLITE (Earth-tospace)
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
S5.199 S5.254 S5.256
EPIRB
Band only available
for distress and
safety purposes.
MOBILE
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE
EPIRB
Band only
available for
distress and
safety
purposes.
243.05 - 267.00
MHz
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems.
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
FIXED
MOBILE
Space Operation
(space -Earth)
S5.254 S5.257
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems.
MOBILE
KFOR.
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems.
MOBILE
KFOR
Air Traffic
Control (ATC)
This is a
harmonized
military band.
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems.
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
FIXED
MOBILE
Mobile-Satellite
(Earth-
MOBILE
S5.254 S5.255
Defense systems.
military band.
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
267 - 272 MHz
272 – 273 MHz
273 – 312 MHz
312 - 315 MHz
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
military band.
EU10 EU27
military band.
EU10 EU27
Air Traffic Control
(ATC)
military band.
military band.
D-38
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
315 – 322 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems.
EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
322.0 – 328.6
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
S5.149
MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
Defense systems.
Radio astronomy
applications.
KFOR
This is a
harmonized
military band.
RA continuum
measurements,
also VLBI.
328.6 - 335.4
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.258 S5.259
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.258 S5.259
LS/Glide path
military band.
RA continuum
measurements, also
VLBI.
EU2
MOBILE
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
KFOR
LS/Glide path
335.4 - 380.0
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
S5.254
Defense systems
EU7 EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
Air Traffic
Control.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
military band.
EU10 EU27
military band.
D-39
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
380 – 385 MHz
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
MOBILE
S5.254
Emergency
services
Defense systems.
EU2 EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)0
1
ERC Rec. T/R
02-02
ERC Rec. T/R
22-05,
ML paired with
390.00 –
395.00 MHz.
MOBILE
S5.254 S5.255
385 - 387 MHz
387 – 390 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.254
S5.255
Digital land mobile
– TETRA
Defense systems.
D-40
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)01
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 02-02
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 22-05,
ML paired with
390.00 – 395.00
MHz.
military band.
Emergency services
sharing with defense
applications.
EU2 EU10 EU27
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC(96)04.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 22-05, ML
paired with 395.00 399.90 MHz.
military band.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Emergency
services
sharing with
defense
applications.
MOBILE
KFOR; FMO
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC(96)0
4.
ERC Rec.T/R
22-05, ML
paired with
395.00 - 399.90
MHz.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
390 – 395 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
S5.254
Emergency
services.
EU2 EU10 EU27
MOBILE
KFOR; FMO
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)0
1.
ERC Rec.T/R
02-02.
ERC Rec.T/R
22-05, FB
paired with 380
- 385 MHz.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
Emergency
services
sharing with
defense
applications.
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
S5.254
MOBILE
KFOR; FMO
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC(96)0
4.
ERC Rec. T/R
22-05 FB paired
with 385 - 389.9
MHz.
This is a
harmonized
military band.
RADIONAVIGATI
ON-SATELLITE
FMO
395.0 - 399.9
MHz
Defense systems.
Digital land mobile
TETRA.
Defense systems.
399.90 400.0500 MHz
MOBILESATELLITE (Earthspace) S5.209
S5.224A S5.220
RADIONAVIGATI
ON-SATELLITE
S5.222 S5.224B
S5.260
S5.222 S5.224B S5.260
MOBILE SATELLITE (Earthspace) S5.209 S5.224A S5.220
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)01.
ERC Rec.T/R 02-02.
ERC Rec.T/R 22-05,
FB paired with 380 385 MHz.
military band.
Emergency services
sharing with defense
applications.
EU2 EU10 EU27
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 22-05
FB paired with 385 389.9 MHz.
military band.
MOBILE
SATELLITE
(Earth- space)
D-41
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
400.050 –
400.150 MHz
STANDARD
FREQUENCY
AND TIME
SIGNAL
SATELLITE (400.1
MHz)
MOBILE
400.15 –
401.00 MHz
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
S5.263
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.208A S5.209
Space Operation
(space-to-Earth)
S5.262 S5.264
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
METEOROLOGICAL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE RESEARCH (space-toEarth) S5.263
S5.264
Major Utilization
Low earth orbiting
satellites.
Meteorological
radio sondes.
D-42
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
MOBILE
FIXED
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
The sub-band
400.050402.500 MHz is
assigned to the
development of
telephone
systems in rural
areas.
This sub-band
will be assigned
following the
policy written in
the NATO Jpint
Civil/Military
Frequency
Agreement, to
match KFOR
Meteorological
Aids
requirements.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
401 – 402 MHz
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS EARTH
EXPLORATIONSAT (Earth-tospace)
METEOROLOGIC
AL SAT. (Earth-tospace) SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile
EARTH EXPLORATION-SAT
(Earth-to-space)
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Meteorological
radio sondes.
EU2 EU11
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
FIXED
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
The sub-band
400.050402.500 MHz is
assigned to the
development of
telephone
systems in rural
areas.
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
EARTH
METEOROLOGIC
AL SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
EARTH EXPLORATION-SAT
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
402 - 403 MHz
Meteorological
satellites, data
collection
platform.
ERC Rec. ERC/REC
70-03,
ultra low power
medical implants
(3MHz within the
band 401-406 MHz
under study).
This sub-band
will be assigned
following the
policy written in
NATO Joint
Civil / Military
Frequency
Agreement, to
match KFOR
Meteorological
Aids
requirements.
Meteorological
radio sondes.
Meteorological
satellites, data
collection
platform.
D-43
EU2 EU11
ERC Rec. ERC/REC
70-03,
ultra low power
medical implants
(3MHz within the
band 401-406 MHz
under study).
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
EARTH
METEOROLOGIC
AL SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
ERC Rec.
ERC/REC 7003,
Meteorological
radio sondes.
Meteorological
satellites, data
collection
platform.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
403 - 406 MHz
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
Meteorological
radio sondes.
EU2 EU11
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
KFOR; FMO
406.0 - 406.1
MHz
S5.266 S5.267
S5.266 S5.267
EPIRB
Band only available
for distress and
safety purposes.
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
406.1 - 410.0
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
R/ ASTRONOMY
S5.149
LAND MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
Analogue and
digital land mobile
Radio astronomy
applications.
Single frequency
operation.
RA continuum
measurement and
pulsar observation.
LAND MOBILE
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
ERC Rec. ERC/REC
70-03,
ultra low power
medical implants
(3MHz within the
band 401-406 MHz
under study).
Notes
Band only
available for
distress and
safety
purposes.(EPIR
B)
FMO; TRA
Simplex
analogue and
digital land
mobile.
Radio
astronomy
applications.
D-44
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
410 – 420 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-space)
MOBILE except
aeronautical Mobile
Analogue and
digital PMR.
EU7
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
FMO; TRA
Sub-band
410.050 –
412.500 MHz
is assigned to
the
development
of rural
telephone
systems.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
Radiolocation
S5.271
MOBILE except
aeronautical Mobile
Radiolocation
AMATEUR
RADIOLOCATION
S5.138 S5.275
S5.280
S5.282
AMATEUR
RADIOLOCATION
420 - 430 MHz
430.00 - 433.05
MHz
433.05 - 434.79
MHz
434.79 - 438.00
MHz
TETRA.
AMATEUR
RADIOLOCATION
Land Mobile
S5.138 S5.280
Analogue and
digital PMR.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 2205.
ERC Rec. T/R 2508, Annex 2b, ML
paired with 420 430 MHz.
EU7
Analogue and
digital PMR.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 2205.
TETRA.
TETRA
EU2 EU12
ISM.
EU2 EU12
General SRD.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
EU2 EU12
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur Satellite
Service restricted to
435 - 438 MHz.
D-45
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
AMATEUR
FMO; TRA
ISM (General
SRD)
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE
RADIOLOCATION
FMO; TRA
Amateur
Satellite
Service
restricted to
435 - 438
MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
438 – 440 MHz
440 - 450 MHz
450 - 455 MHz
Major Utilization
AMATEUR
RADIOLOCATION
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
Radiolocation
S5.286
MOBILE except aeronautical
mobile
Radiolocation
Analogue and
digital PMR.
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.209 S5.271
S5.286 S5.286A
S5.286B S5.286C
S5.286D S5.286E
MOBILE
Analogue and
digital PMR
TETRA.
PMR 446 in the
band 446.0 446.1 MHz.
Existing public
cellular networks.
D-46
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
EU2 EU12
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
KFOR
EU7
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
KFOR; FMO; TRA
All existing
assignments
will remain as
they are
according to
the relevant
agreement
FMO-KFOR
J6
1.This subband will be
assigned
according to
relevant
agreement
FMO-KFOR
J6:
On-site paging (callout & answer-back).
EU7
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 2205.
2. PMR 446 in
the band
446.0 - 446.1
MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
455 - 456 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.209 S5.271
S5.286A
S5.286B
S5.286C
S5.286E
MOBILE
Analogue and
digital PMR
TETRA.
EU7
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.271
S5.287
MOBILE
S5.287
456 – 459 MHz
Existing public
cellular networks.
Analogue and
digital PMR
TETRA.
Existing public
cellular networks.
459 – 460 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.209 S5.271
S5.268A
S5.286B
S5.286C
S5.286E
MOBILE
Analogue and
digital PMR.
TETRA.
Existing public
cellular networks.
D-47
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04 .
ERC Rec. T/R 22-01
and T/R 22-05.
EU7
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04 .
ERC Rec. T/R 22-05
and T/R 32-02.
EU7
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 2205.
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
460 – 470 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
MeteorologicalSatellite (space-toEarth)
S5.287 S5.289
S5.290
MOBILE
S5.287 S5.289
Analogue and
digital PMR.
EU7
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
KFOR; FMO; TRA
Same note as
above
BROADCASTING
MC
This sub-band
can be used
by military
forces to
support Moral
& Welfare
purposes and
other military
requirements.
TETRA.
On board
communications
467.525 - 467.575
MHz (maritime).
Existing public
cellular networks.
470 – 608 MHz
608 - 614 MHz
BROADCASTING
S5.149
S5.306 S5.311
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 2201, T/R 22-05 and
T/R 32-02.
BROADCASTING
Mobile
Stockholm
Agreement 1961
complemented by
the Chester 1997
Agreement.
SAB.
Radio
microphones on a
tuning range
basis, under
study.
SAB. Band 470 862 MHz to be
reviewed for
possible future
applications after the
introduction of DVBT.
BROADCASTING
Radio Astronomy
Mobile
S5.149 S5.306
Stockholm
Agreement
1961complemente
d by the Chester
1997 Agreement.
SAB.
Radio
microphones on a
tuning range
basis, under
study.
SAB. Band 470 862 MHz to be
reviewed for
possible future
introduction of DVBT. RA continuum
measurements and
LBI.
D-48
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
614 – 790 MHz
790 –838 MHz
838 - 862 MHz
Major Utilization
Notes
BROADCASTING
Mobile
Stockholm
Agreement 1961
complemented by
the Chester 1997
Agreement.
SAB.
Radio
microphones on a
tuning range
basis, under
study.
Stockholm
Agreement 1961
complemented by
the Chester
Agreement 1997.
SAB.
Radio
microphones on a
tuning range
basis, under
study.
Defense systems.
Stockholm
Agreement 1961
complemented by
the Chester 1997
Agreement.
SAB.
Radio
microphones on a
tuning range
basis, under
study.
Defense systems.
EU13
FIXED
BROADCASTING
S5.316
BROADCASTING
Mobile
S5.316
FIXED
BROADCASTING
S5.316
BROADCASTING
MOBILE
S5.316
D-49
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
KFOR; FMO
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
KFOR
SAB.
Band 470 - 862 MHz
to be reviewed for
possible future
EU2 EU13
SAB and tactical
radio relay.
Band 470 - 862 MHz
to be reviewed for
possible future
EU2 EU13
MOBILE primary
restricted to tactical
radio relay.
SAB, mobile on a
secondary basis.
Band 470 - 862 MHz
to be reviewed for
possible future
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
862 – 870 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
BROADCASTING
S5.322
MOBILE
Single frequency
applications.
Cordless
Telephones.
Defense systems.
SRD in 868 - 870
MHz.
Social alarms in
869.2 -869.25
MHz.
Wireless audio in
863 - 865 MHz.
EU2 EU13
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
06.
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 70-03.
Digital land
mobile.
EU2 EU13
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
MOBILE
FMO
ERC Rec. TR
25-09,
ML paired with
921 – 925
MHz.
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
02, ML paired
with 925 - 935
MHz.
870 – 876 MHz
MOBILE
TETRA.
Defense systems.
876 - 880 MHz
MOBILE
Digital land
mobile.
UIC railway
systems.
Defense systems.
880 - 890 MHz
MOBILE
EGSM.
Defense systems.
D-50
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)06.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 22-05, ML
paired with 915 –
921 MHz.
EU2 EU13
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 25-09, ML
paired with 921 –
925 MHz.
EU2 EU13
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)02,
ML paired with 925 935 MHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
890 – 915 MHz
FIXED MOBILE
except
aeronautical
mobile
BROADCASTING
S5.322
Radiolocation
MOBILE
Radiolocation
GSM.
EU13 EU14
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Existing cellular
networks.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(94)01,
ML paired with 935 960 MHz.
Sub-band:
901.000904.800 MHz
is used for
military
purposes.
FIXED MOBILE
except
aeronautical
mobile
BROADCASTING
S5.322
Radiolocation
S5.323
MOBILE
Radiolocation
Digital land
mobile.
EU2 EU13 EU14
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
BROADCASTING
S5.322
Radiolocation
S5.323
MOBILE
Radiolocation
Digital land
mobile.
UIC railway
systems.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU13 EU14
MOBILE
Radiolocation
FMO
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 25-09, FB
paired with
876 - 880
MHz (UIC
railway
systems).
MOBILE
Radiolocation
EGSM.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU13 EU14
MOBILE
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97
)02, FB paired
with 880 - 890
MHz (EGSM).
MOBILE
Radiolocation
GSM.
Existing cellular
networks.
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Sub-band
946.000949.800 MHz
is used for
military
purposes.
915 - 921 MHz
921 – 925 MHz
925 – 935 MHz
935 – 942 MHz
TETRA.
Defense systems.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)04.
ERC Rec. T/R 2205, FB paired with
870 - 876 MHz.
ERC Rec. T/R 2509, FB paired with
876 - 880 MHz.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)02,
D-51
EU13 EU14
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(94)01,
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
942 – 960 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
BROADCASTING
S5.322
S5.323
MOBILE
GSM.
Existing cellular
networks.
EU13
960 - 1215
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.328
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.328
Flight, Safety,
Navig. and
Information
Distribution
Systems (for ex.,
DME, SSR
TACAN, , MIDS).
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
KFOR
Civil
Aeronautical
Systems to be
coordinated
with KFOR
1215 –1240
MHz
EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIG. –
SAT. (space-toEarth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.329 S5.331
S5.332
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIG.-SAT. (space-toEarth)
EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (active)
SPACE RESEARCH
RADIONAVIGATION
Radar and
Navigation
Systems and
Active Sensors.
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATIO
N-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
KFOR
Civil Airfield
Radars to be
coordinated
with KFOR
GNSS
D-52
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(94)01,
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
1240 -1260
MHz
EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIG –
SAT. (space-toEarth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
Amateur
S5.329 S5.331
S5.332
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIG.- SAT. (space-toEarth)
EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (active)
SPACE RESEARCH
RADIONAVIGATION
Amateur
S5.329 S5.331 S5.332
Radar and
Navigation
Systems and
Active Sensors.
EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH
Amateur
S5.282 S5.331
S5.332
RADIOLOCATION
EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (active)
SPACE RESEARCH
RADIONAVIGATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
S5.282 S5.331 S5.332
Radar and
Navigation
Systems and
Active Sensors.
1260 -1270
MHz
GNSS
D-53
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
SATELLITE(spaceto-Earth)
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Amateur
KFOR
Defense
Systems
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
FMO
Civil Airfield
Radars to be
coordinated
with KFOR
Radar and
Navigation
Systems and
Active
Sensors.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
1270 –1300
MHz
EARTH
EXPLORATIONSATELLITE
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (active)
SPACE RESEARCH (active)
RADIONAVIGATION
Amateur
S5.331 S5.332
Radar and
Navigation
Systems and
Active Sensors.
Wind profiler radars
between 1270 MHz
and 1295 MHz.
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Amateur
FMO
Radar and
Navigation
Systems and
Active
Sensors.
SPACE
RESEARCH
(active)
Amateur
S5.282 S5.330
S5.331 S5.332
Wind profiler
radars
between 1270
MHz and
1295 MHz.
1300 - 1350
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.337
Radiolocation
S5.149
AERONAUTICAL
RADIOLOCATION
S5.149
Radar and
Navigation
Systems.
RA spectral line
observations 1330 1400 MHz.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
1350 -1394
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
S5.149 S5.339
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
MOBILE
S5.149 S5.339
Defense systems.
EU2 EU15 EU15A
KFOR
Low capacity fixed
links.
Channel plan for the
fixed service in ERC
Rec. T/R 13- 01,
Annex A.
RA spectral line
observations 1330 1400 MHz.
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
MOBILE
Defense
Systems
Civil low
capacity fixedlinks to be
coordinated
with KFOR
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Channel plan
for the fixed
service in
ERC Rec. T/R
13- 01,
Annex A.
1394–1400 MHz
D-54
Civil Airfield
Radars to be
coordinated
with KFOR
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
1400 - 1427
MHz
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.340 S5.341
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (passive).
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive).
S5.340 S5.341
Passive
applications.
EU15
EARTH
(passive).
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive).
TRA
1427 - 1429
MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(Earth-to-space)
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
SPACE OPERATION (Earth-tospace)
FIXED
mobile
Defense systems.
EU2 EU15A EU15
KFOR
Low capacity fixed
links.
Rec. T/R 13 - 01,
Annex B.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
1429 - 1446
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
FIXED
mobile
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
Defense
Systems
Civil low
coordinated
with KFOR
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
Channel plan
for the fixed
service in ERC
Rec.T/R 1301, Annex B
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
1446-1452 MHz
1452 – 1459 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
BROADCASTING S5.345 S5.347
BROADCASTING- SAT. S5.345
S5.347
Digital Audio
Broadcasting.
D-55
EU15
ERC
Recommendation
Notes
Defense
Systems
Frequency band
1459 -1492 MHz
1492 - 1517
MHz
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
mobile
BROADCASTING
S5.345 S5.347
BROADCASTING
- SATELLITE
S5.345 S5.347
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Fixed
Mobile except Aeronautical
Mobile
T-DAB.
T/R 52-02.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
S5.341
FIXED
mobile S5.341
Defense systems.
EU2 EU15 EU15A
KFOR
Low capacity fixed
links.
Recommendation
T/R 13 - 01, Annex
A.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FIXED
mobile S5.341
Unidirectional
fixed links.
EU2 EU15 EU15A
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
SPACE OPERATION (space-toEarth)
FIXED
MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-toEarth)
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
Unidirectional
fixed links.
EU15
FIXED
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
1517 - 1525
MHz
1525 - 1530
MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile S5.349
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
Wiesbaden
Special
Arrangement
1995.
Defense systems.
Mobile satellite
systems.
D-56
Notes
Civil low
coordinated
with KFOR
Unidirectional
fixed links.
Mobile satellite
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
1530 - 1533
MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.353A
Earth ExplorationSatellite
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.353A
Earth Exploration-Sat.
Fixed
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
1533 - 1535
MHz
SPACE
OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.353A
Earth Exploration
Satellite
Fixed
Mobile except
aero. mob.
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.353A
Earth Exploration Satellite
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
1535 - 1544
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.353A
S5.354
S5.341 S5.351 S5.353A
S5.354
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
TRA
D-57
Notes
Mobile satellite
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
1544 - 1545
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.354
S5.356
S5.341 S5.354 S5.356
Search and
rescue satellite
systems including
GMDSS.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
TRA
Search and
rescue satellite
systems
including
GMDSS.
Mobile satellite
systems.
Mobile satellite
systems.
1545 - 1555
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
S5.357 S5.357A
S5.359
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
S5.357 S5.357A S5.359
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
TRA
Mobile satellite
systems.
1555 - 1559
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
S5.359
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
S5.359
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
TRA
Mobile satellite
systems.
1559 - 1610
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
RADIONAVIGATI
ON SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.359
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.359
GNSS
EU15
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
RADIONAVIGATIO
N SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
KFOR
Civil services
to be
coordinated
with KFOR
D-58
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
1610 - 1610.6
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
MOBILE
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.359
S5.364 S5.366
S5.367 S5.368
S5.371 S5.372
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.341 S5.359 S5.364 S5.366
S5.367 S5.368 S5.371 S5.372
Satellite personal
communications
systems.
EU15
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
MOBILE
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
TRA
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
03
1610.6 - 1613.8
MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
MOBILE
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
S5.149 S5.341
S5.359 S5.364
S5.366 S5.367
S5.368 S5.371
S5.372
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149 S5.341 S5.359 S5.364
S5.366 S5.367 S5.368 S5.371
S5.372
Satellite personal
communications
systems.
EU15
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
MOBILE
SATELLITE (Earthto-space)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
FMO; TRA
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
03
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.359
S5.364 S5.365
S5.366 S5.367
S5.368 S5.371
S5.372
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
Mobile satellite (space-to-Earth)
S5.341 S5.359 S5.364
S5.365 S5.366 S5.367 S5.368
S5.371 S5.372
Satellite personal
communications
systems.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
MOBILE
SATELLITE (Earthto-space)
Mobile satellite
(space-to-Earth)
TRA
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
03
1613.8 - 1626.5
MHz
Radio astronomy
applications.
D-59
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)03
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)03
Important band for
radio astronomy
spectral line
observations.
EU15
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)03
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
1626.5 - 1631.5
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.353A
S5.354
S5.341 S5.351 S5.353A
S5.354
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
KFOR
Civil services
to be
coordinated
with KFOR
1631.5 - 1636.5
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.353A
S5.354 S5.374
S5.341 S5.351 S5.353A
S5.354 S5.374
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
1636.5 - 1645.5
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.353A
S5.354
S5.341 S5.351 S5.353A
S5.354
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
1645.5 - 1646.5
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.354
S5.375
S5.341 S5.354 S5.375
Search and
rescue satellite
system including
GMDSS.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
TRA
Search and
rescue satellite
system
including
GMDSS.
1646.5 - 1656.5
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
S5.357A S5.376
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
S5.357A S5.376
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
TRA
Mobile satellite
systems
1656.5 - 1660
MHz
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.341 S5.351
S5.354
S5.374
S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
S5.374
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
D-60
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
1660 - 1660.5
MHz
MOBILE-SATEL
(E-to-s)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
S5.149 S5.341
S5.351 S5.354
S5.376A
MOBILE-SATEL (E-to-s)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149 S5.341 S5.351 S5.354
S5.376A
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
TRA
Important
band for radio
astronomy.
VLBI
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautic. S5.149
S5.341 S5.379A
RADIO ASTRONOMY SPACE
RESEARCH Fixed
Mobile except aeronautic. S5.149
S5.341 S5.379A
Radio astronomy
applications.
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
Important
band for radio
astronomy:
Continuum line
and VLBI
measurements
.
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
FIXED
MOBILE, no
aeronautical
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
S.149 S.341
METEOROLOGIC. AIDS
FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY
Mobile except aeronautic. S.149
S.341
Radio astronomy
applications.
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
FIXED
Mobile except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE (sto-E)
MOBILE S5.380
S5.341
METEOROLOGIC. AIDS
(s-to-E)
MOBILE S5.380
Fixed
S5.341
TFTS (ground to
air).
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
METEOROLOGIC
AL SAT. (space-toEarth)
MOBILE S5.380
Fixed
FMO; TRA
1660.5 - 1668.4
MHz
1668.4 – 1670
MHz
1670 -1675
MHz
Radio astronomy
applications.
Mobile systems.
Mobile systems.
Important band for
radio astronomy.
VLBI
EU2 EU15A EU15
Important band for
radio astronomy:
Continuum line and
VLBI
measurements.
EU2 EU15A EU15
Important band for
radio astronomy.
Meteorological
applications.
Meteorological
applications.
D-61
EU15
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(92) 01.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 42-01.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(92)
01.
ERC
Recommendat
ion T/R 42-01.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
1675 -1690 MHz
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
MOBILE except
Aeronautic. Mob.
S5.341
METEOROLOGIC. AIDS
FIXED
(s-to-E)
MOBILE except Aeronautic. Mob.
S5.341
Mobile systems.
EU2 EU15A EU15
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL SATELLITE (sto-E)
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
KFOR
1690 -1700 MHz
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE (sto-E) Fixed
Mobile except
Aeronautical
Mobile S5.289
S5.341 S5.382
METEOROLOGIC. AIDS
(s-to-E) Fixed
Mobile S5.341 S5.382
Meteorological
applications.
EU2 EU15A EU15
METEOROLOGIC.
AIDS
METEOROLOGIC
AL SATELLITE (sto-E)
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
1700 -1710 MHz
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE (sto-E) MOBILE
except
Aeronautical
Mobile S5.289
S5.341
FIXED METEOROLOGICAL
SATELLITE (s-to-E) Mobile
except Aeronautical Mobile
S5.341
Meteorological
applications.
EU2 EU15A EU15
1710 –1785
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE S5.380
S5.149 S5.341
S5.385
S5.387 S5.388
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.149 S5.341 S5.385
DCS 1800
EU15
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
DCS1800
ERC/DEC/(95)
03. ERC
Rec.T/R 2207.
FIXED
MOBILE
Mobile systems.
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
Military
Systems
1785 –1800 MHz
Meteorological
applications.
ERC/DEC/(95)03.
ERC Rec.T/R 2207.
D-62
EU2 EU15
Radio microphones
(under study).
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
1800 – 1805 MHz
1805 – 1880 MHz
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
MOBILE S5.380
Fixed
TFTS (air to
ground).
EU15
MOBILE
Fixed
FMO; TRA
TFTS (air to
ground)
FIXED
MOBILE
1880 – 1885 MHz
MOBILE
DCS 1800
ERC/DEC/(92) 01.
ERC Rec.T/R 4201.
EU15
ERC/DEC/(95)03.
ERC Rec.T/R 22 07.
Fixed
DECT
EU15
ERC/DEC/(94) 03.
1885 – 1900 MHz
MOBILE
S5.388
1900 - 1910 MHz
FIXED
S5.388
Fixed
DECT
EU15
ERC/DEC/(94) 03.
MOBILE
IMT-2000
EU16 EU15ERC
Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)07
1910 – 1930 MHz
1930 - 1980 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.388
1980 - 2010
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE-SAT. (Eto-s)
S5.388 S5.389A
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE- SAT. (E-to-s)
S5.388 S5.389A
IMT-2000 satellite
component.
Satellite personal
communications
systems. (SPCS)
D-63
EU16 EU150
ERC Decisions
ERC/DEC/(97)03,
ERC/DEC/(97)04
and
ERC/DEC/(97)07.
ERC/DEC/(92)
01. ERC
Rec.T/R 4201.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
MOBILE
Fixed
FMO; TRA
DCS 1800
ERC/DEC/(95)
03. ERC
Rec.T/R 22 07.
DECT
ERC/DEC/(94)
03.
MOBILE
Fixed
FMO; TRA
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
DECT
ERC/DEC/(94)
03.
IMT-2000
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
07.
IMT-2000
SPCS
ERC/DEC/(97)
03,
ERC/DEC/(97)
04 and
ERC/DEC/(97)
07.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
2010 - 2025
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE S5.388
FIXED
MOBILE S5.388
IMT-2000
EU16 EU15
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
IMT-2000
2025 – 2110
MHz
SPACE
OPERATION (Eto-s) (space-tospace)
EARTH
(Earth-to-space)
(space-to-space)
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.391
SPACE
RESEARCH (E-tos) (s-to-s) S5.392
FIXED
MOBILE S5.391
SPACE RESEARCH (E-to-s)
(s-to-s)
SPACE OPERATION (E-to-s)
(s-to-s)
EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (E-to-s) (s-to-s)
S5.392
Fixed links
EU2 EU16A EU15
KFOR
Space science
services.
Recommendation
T/R 13-01, Annex C.
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH (deep
space)(E-to-s)
S5.388
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE RESEARCH
s)(deep space)
S5.388
IMT-2000
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.388
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.388
2110 - 2120
MHz
2120 - 2170
MHz
ERC/DEC/(97)07.
Mobile systems.
ERC/DEC/(97)
07.
Civil services
to be
coordinated
with KFOR
PRIMARY
Services not
noted in
Kosovo
EU15 EU16
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)07.
(E-to-
IMT-2000
EU15 EU16
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)07.
D-64
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
IMT-2000
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
07.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
IMT-2000
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
07
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
2170 - 2200
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE-SAT. (sto-E)
S5.388 S5.389A
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE-SAT. (s-to-E) S5.388
S5.389A
IMT-2000 satellite
component.
EU15 EU16
FMO; TRA
ERC Decisions
ERC/DEC/(97)03,
ERC/DEC/(97)04
and
ERC/DEC/(97)07.
IMT-2000;
SPCS
Satellite personal
communications
systems. (SPCS)
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
OPERATION (sto-E) (s-to-s)
EARTH
EXPLORAT.SAT. (s-to-E) (s-tos)
FIXED
MOBILE S5.391
SPACE
RESEARCH (sto-E) (s-s) S5.392
SPACE OPERATION (s-to-E)
(s-to-s)
EARTH EXPLOR.-SATELLIT (sto-E)(s-to-s)
FIXED
MOBILE S5.391
SPACE RESEARCH (s-to-E) (sto-s) S5.392
Fixed links
EU15 EU16A
KFOR
Space science
services
Recommendation
T/R 13-01, Annex C.
RA VLBI.
FIXED
MOBILE
2290 - 2300
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
SPACE
RESEARCH (deep
space)(s-to-E)
FIXED
mobile
SPACE RESEARCH (deep space
) (s-to-E)
Mobile systems.
2300 - 2350
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
Mobile systems.
2200 – 2290
MHz
Mobile systems.
EU2 EU15
RA VLBI.
EU2 EU15
Rec.ERC/REC 6202.
D-65
ERC
Decisions
ERC/DEC/(97)
03,
ERC/DEC/(97)
04 and
ERC/DEC/(97)
07
Defense
Systems
Civil Services
to be
coordinated
with KFOR
SPACE
OPERATION (sto-E) (s-to-s)
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
2350-2400 MHz
Radiolocation
S5.150 S5.282
S5.395
Radiolocation
S5.150
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
Parts of the band
are used for
aeronautical
telemetry on a
national basis.
FIXED
MOBILE
Radiolocation
KFOR
Defense
Systems
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
Amateur satellite
FMO; TRA
ISM
SRD
RLAN
RFID
Rec.
ERC/REC 7003
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
ISM
SRD
RLAN
RFID
Rec.
ERC/REC 7003
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
SPCS
ISM
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
2400 - 2450
MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
Amat.
sat.S5.150 S5.282
ISM
SRD
RLAN
RFID
EU2 EU15
2450 - 2483.5 MHz FIXED
MOBILE
Radiolocation
S5.150 S5.397
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.150
ISM
SRD
RLAN
RFID
EU2 EU15
2483.5 -2500 MHz FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE-SAT. (sto-E) Radiolocation
S5.150 S5.371
S5.398 S5.399
S5.402
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE- SATELLITE (space-toEarth)
S5.150 S5.371 S5.402
In accordance
with ECA.
EU15
2500 - 2520 MHz
MOBILE- SATELLITE (space-toEarth)
Fixed
S5.403 S5.414
FIXED S5.409
S5.410 S5.411
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
MOBILE-SAT.(sto-E)
S5.403 S5.407
S5.414
ERC Rec.
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
Rec. ERC/REC 7003.
Satellite personal
communications
systems.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)03).
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(97)
03.
ISM.
Mobile satellite
systems.
D-66
EU15
Mobile satellite
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
2520-2545 MHz
FIXED S5.409
S5.410 S5.411
MOBILE except
aeronautical
Mobile
BROADCASTINGSATELLITE
S5.413 S5.416
S5.339 S5.403
FIXED
mobile
S5.339
S5.403
Fixed links.
EU2 EU15
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
Defense systems.
Channel plan for
Recommendation
T/R 13-01, Annex D
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
Defense
Systems
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
KFOR
Defense
Systems
2545-2593 MHz
2593-2622 MHz
2622- 2655 MHz
2655 - 2670 MHz
FIXED S5.409
S5.410 S5.411
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
BROADCASTINGSAT. S5.413
S5.416
Earth
ExplorationSatellite Radio
Astronomy
Space Research
(passive)
S5.149
FIXED
mobile
Earth exploration satellite
(passive)
Radio astronomy
Space research (passive)
S5.149 S5.420
Fixed links.
U2 EU15
Mobile systems.
Recommendation
T/R 13-01, Annex D.
RA continuum
measurements.
D-67
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
2670 - 2690 MHz
FIXED S5.409
S5.410 S5.411
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Earth ExplorationSatellite Radio
Astronomy
Space Research
S5.149 S5.419
S5.420
MOBILE- SATELLITE (Earth-tospace)
Fixed
Radioastronomy
S5.149 S5.419 S5.420
Mobile satellite
systems.
EU15
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
2690 - 2700 MHz
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.340
EARTH EXPLORATION SATELLITE (passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH
S5.340
Passive
applications.
EARTH
EXPLORATION SATELLITE
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
TRA
2700 – 2900 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIG.S5.
337
Radiolocation
S5.423
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIG. S5.337
Radiolocation S5.423
Radars and
Navigation
Systems.
Meteorological
radars.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA;
KFOR
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.426
Radiolocation
S5.425 S5.427
Radiolocation
S5.425 S5.427
Radars
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA;
KFOR
2900 - 3100 MHz
D-68
RA continuum
measurements.
Notes
Radars and
Navigation
Systems.
Meteorological
radars..
Radars
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
3100 –
3300 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
Earth ExplorationSatellite (active)
Space Research
(active)
S5.149
RADIOLOCATION
Earth Exploration-Satellite (active)
Space Research (active)
S5.149
Radars and Active
Sensors.
3300 -3400 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
S5.149 S5.429
S5.430
RADIOLOCATION
Radars
3400 - 3410 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile
Radiolocation
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-toEarth)
MOBILE
Amateur
Radiolocation
Fixed links.
EU17 EU17A
Wireless fixed
access systems.
Rec. ERC/REC 1403 Fixed includes
point to multipoint.
Mobile for
coordinated
ENG/OB links for
occasional use.
Upper limit for
radars is 3410 MHz.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile
Radiolocation
FIXED
MOBILE
Fixed links.
3410- 3500 MHz
3500 - 3600 MHz
Wireless fixed
access systems.
D-69
Notes
EU17A
Rec.ERC/REC 1403
Fixed
includes point to
multipoint.
Coordinated
ENG/OB links for
occasional use.
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
Radars and
Active
Sensors.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Fixed links.
Wireless fixed
access
systems.
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Fixed links.
Wireless fixed
access
systems.
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
Coordinated
ENG/OB links
for occasional
use.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
3600 - 4200 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile
FIXED
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links, plan to be
developed
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinate. Earth
stations.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1208
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-08
4200 - 4400 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.438
S5.440
AERONAUTICAL
S5.440
Radio altimeters.
EU18
Earth explorer.
satellite use for sea
surface
temperat.measure.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
FMO; KFOR
4400 - 4500 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE
Transhorizon
links.
EU2 EU20 EU27
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
Defense systems.
4500 - 4800 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.441
MOBILE
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.441
MOBILE
Defense systems.
This is a
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile systems.
EU20 EU27
Transhorizon links.
Telecommunications
satellites to
coordinate. Earth
stations. Fixed
Satellite frequency
plan in 4500 - 4800
MHz. Fixed Satellite
Service not to be
implemented in
NATO Europe. This
is a harmonized
military band for
fixed and mobile
systems.
D-70
Defense
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
4800 - 4990 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE S5.442
Radio Astronomy
S5.149 S5.339
FIXED
Mobile
Radio Astronomy
S5.149 S5.339
Defense systems.
EU20 EU27
Coordinated
ENG/OB links for
occasional use.
This is a
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile systems.
4990 – 5000 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
Space Research
S5.149
FIXED
Mobile
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149
RA continuum
measurements
and VLBI.
EU20 EU27
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
S5.367 S5.444
S5.444A
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
Space Research
S5.367 S5.444
5000 - 5030 MHz
5030 - 5150 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.367 S5.444 S5.444A
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Radio
Astronomy in
Kosovo?
Coordinated
ENG/OB links for
occasional use.
This is a
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile systems.
MLS
D-71
Notes
Aeronautical
Radionavigation and
Fixed Satellite
Service envisaged
in some countries.
RA VLBI
observations.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
FMO; KFOR
EU18
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
FMO; KFOR
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
5150 - 5250 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.447A
S5.446 S5.447
S5.447B
S5.447C
MOBILE
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) S5.447A
S5.446 S5.447 S5.447B
S5.447C
HIPERLANs
ERC/DEC/(96)03.
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Feeder links for
the MobileSatellite service.
Rec.ERC/REC 7003.
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)
03.
5250-5350 MHz
EARTH
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH
S.447D. S.448A
RADIOLOCATION SPACE
RESEARCH S.447D. S.448A
Weapon system
radars.
Shipborne and
VTS Radar.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
Tactical Radar.
5350 - 5460 MHz
EARTH
(active)
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.449
Radiolocation
S5.448B
AERONAUTICAL
Fixed
Radiolocation S5.448B
Weapon system
radars.
Shipborne and
VTS Radar.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
Tactical Radar.
Position Fixing.
Active Sensors.
Aeronautical
Radionavigation and
Fixed Satellite
Service envisaged
in some countries.
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 70-03.
HIPERLANs
D-72
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
EU22
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N Fixed
Radiolocation
KFOR
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
5460 - 5470 MHz
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.449
Radiolocation
Radiolocation
Weapon system
radars.
Shipborne and
VTS Radar.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
Tactical Radar.
Position Fixing.
EU22
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
Radiolocation
S5.452
Radiolocation
S5.452
Weapon system
radars.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
Tactical Radar.
EU22
5650 - 5725 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Space Research
(deep space)
S5.282
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
S5.282
Weapon system
radars.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
Tactical Radar.
EU22, EU17,23
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
S5.150
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace)
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Mobile
S5.150
Non civil
radiolocation.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
ISM 5725 - 5875
MHz.
5795 - 5805 MHz
Road Transport
and Traffic
Telematic
Systems (RTTT).
SRDs in 5725 –
5875 MHz.
EU22, EU23
D-73
Notes
Radiolocation
5470 – 5650 MHz
5725 - 5830 MHz
Major Users
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
Amateur Satellite
Service (Earth to
space), 5650 - 5670
MHz from RR
S5.282.
ERC/DEC/(92)02.
ERC/REC 70-03.
Amateur Satellite
Service (space to
Earth), 5830 - 5850
MHz from RR
S5.282.
RTTT in 5805-5815
MHz on a national
basis.
Civil services
will use the
sub-band
5725-5875
MHz for ISM
and SRD
services only.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
5830 - 5850 MHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
S5.150
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Mobile
S5.150
Non civil
radiolocation.
Ground based
and airborne
weather radar.
ISM 5725 - 5875
MHz.
5795 - 5805 MHz
Road Transport
and Traffic
Telematic
Systems (RTTT).
SRDs in 5725 –
5875 MHz.
EU22, EU23
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
Civil services
will use the
sub-band
5725-5875
MHz for ISM
and SRD
services only.
5850 - 5925 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
S5.150
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.150
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites from
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
ISM 5725 - 5875
MHz.
SRDs in 5725 –
5875 MHz.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
5925 - 6425 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
S5.149 S5.440
S5.458
FIXED
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1401.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites from
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
D-74
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(92)02.
ERC/REC 70-03.
Amateur Satellite
Service (space to
Earth), 5830 - 5850
MHz from RR
S5.282. RTTT in
5805-5815 MHz on
a national basis.
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
ERC/REC 1401.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
6425 - 6700
MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
S5.149 S5.440
S5.458
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) S5.441
Earth Exploration-Satellite
(passive)
S5.149 S5.440 S5.458 S5.458A
S5.458B
S5.458C
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1402.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 14-02.
6700 – 7075 MHz
7075 – 7125 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(space-to-Earth)
S5.441
MOBILE S5.458
5.458A S5.458B
S5.458C
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.458 S5.460
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites from
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
EESS sea surface
temperature
measurements.
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
Feeder links
for the MSS in
6925 – 7075
MHz.
Fixed Satellite
Plan 6725 – 7025
MHz.
Feeder links for
the MSS in 6925
– 7075 MHz.
FIXED
(passive)
S5.458
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1402.
FIXED
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 14-02.
Medium/High
capacity fixed
links.
7125 – 7250 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.458 S5.460
FIXED
MOBILE
Earth Exploration-Satellite (E-to-s)
Space Operation (E-to-s) S5.458
S5.460
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 385.
D-75
EESS sea surface
temperature
measurements.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F. 385.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
7250 - 7300 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
S5.461
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.461
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 385.
Mobile satellite
7250 - 7375 MHz.
EU2 EU27
This is a
harmonized military
band for satellite
operation. FIXED
and MOBILE
services not to be
implemented in
most NATO
countries.
FIXED-SATELLITE
(s-to-E)
MOBILESATELLITE (s-toE)
KFOR
This is a
harmonized
military band
for satellite
operation.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT(s-to-E)
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
S5.461
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLIT(s-to-E)
Mobile
S5.461
EU2 EU27
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE (sto-Earth)
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
S5.461A
FIXED
(s-to-Earth)
Mobile
S5.461A
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLIT
(space-to-Earth)
METEOROLOGIC
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
7300 - 7450 MHz
7450 - 7550 MHz
Defense systems.
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 385.
Mobile satellite
7250 - 7375 MHz.
This is a
harmonized military
band for satellite
operation.
7250-7300
MHz is paired
with 79758025 MHz for
MOBILE
SATELLITE
allocation.
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F. 385.
Defense systems.
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 385.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU27
This is a
harmonized military
band for satellite
operation.
Meteorological
satellites limited to
geostationary
systems.
D-76
This is a
harmonized
military band
for satellite
operation.
This is a
harmonized
military band
for satellite
operation.
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F. 385.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
7550 - 7750 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
FIXED
Mobile
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 385.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU27
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
This is a
harmonized
military band
for satellite
operation.
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.461B
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
FIXED
(space-to-Earth) S5.461B
Mobile
7850 -7900 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
FIXED
Mobile
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Defense systems.
Military use in some
countries.
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
based on
Recommendati
on
ITU-R F. 386.
7900 - 7975 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
S5.461
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.461
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Mobile satellite
7900 - 8025 MHz.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU27
military band for
satellite operation.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
based on
Recommendati
on ITU-R F.
386.
7750 - 7850 MHz
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Defense systems.
This is a
harmonized military
band for satellite
operation.
EU2
Meteorological
satellites limited to
non-geostationary
systems.
Military use in some
countries.
D-77
FIXED
METEOROLOGIC
AL SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F. 385.
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F. 386.
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
7925-8025
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE S5.461
FIXED
MOBILE S5.461
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Mobile satellite
7900 - 8025 MHz.
Defense systems.
FIXED and MOBILE
services not to be
implemented above
7975 MHz in NATO
countries.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
KFOR
Defense
systems.
EARTH
EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (s-toE)
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
S5.462A S5.463
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (s-to-E)
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.462A S5.463
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Mobile 8025 8200 MHz.
EU2 EU27
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
EARTH
EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (s-toE) FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE (Eto-s) MOBILE
S5.462A S5.463
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (s-to-E) FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE (E-to-s) MOBILE
S5.462A S5.463
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
8025 - 8175 MHz
8175 - 8215 MHz
military band for
This is a
harmonized
military band
for satellite
operation.
Fixed links
based on
Recommendati
on
ITU-R F. 386.
Defense systems.
Earth exploration
satellite systems.
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Defense systems.
Earth exploration
satellite systems.
D-78
EU2 EU27
military band for
Fixed links
based on
Recommendati
on
ITU-R F. 386.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
8215 - 8400 MHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
EARTH
EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (s-toE)
S5.462A S5.463
FIXED
MOBILE
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (s-to-E)
S5.462A S5.463
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F. 386.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU27
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F. 386.
8400 - 8500 MHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
S5.465
FIXED
SPACE RESEARCH (space-toEarth) S5.465, S5.466
Radiolocation
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F.386.
RA VLBI
observations.
FIXED
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA
Fixed links
based on
Recommendat
ion
ITU-R F.386.
8500 - 8550 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavig.
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
Shipborne, land
and airborne
surveillance and
weapon system
radars.
EU2 EU24
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR; FMO
This is a
harmonized military
band for satellite
operation.
Earth exploration
satellite systems.
D-79
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
8550 - 8650 MHz
EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH
(active)
S5.469A
RADIOLOCATION
EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (active)
S5.469A
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavig.
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
Shipborne, land
and airborne
surveillance and
weapon system
radars.
EU2
8650 - 8750 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
EU2
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
8750 - 8850 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.470
RADIOLOCATION
AERONAUTICAL
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
EU2 EU24
RADIOLOCATION
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
KFOR
8850 - 9000 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.472
RADIOLOCATION
S5.472
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
EU2 EU24
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
9000 - 9200 MHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.337
Radiolocation
AERONAUTICAL
Radiolocation
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
EU2 EU24
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Radiolocation
KFOR
9200 - 9300 MHz
RADIOLOCATION
MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.472
S5.474
RADIOLOCATION
S5.472 S5.474
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
EU2 EU24
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
D-80
ERC/REC 70-03.
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
9300-9500 MHz
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S.476
Radiolocation
S5.427 S5.474
S5.475
RADIONAVIGATION S.476
Radiolocation
S5.427
S5.474 S5.475
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
EU2 EU24
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Radiolocation
KFOR
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATION
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
EU2 EU24
9800 - 10000
MHz
RADIOLOCATION
Fixed
S5.479
RADIOLOCATION
Space Research
S5.479
Civil and non civil
aeronautical
radionavigation
systems e.g.
airfield approach.
Shipborne, land
and airborne
surveillance and
weapon system
radars.
EU2 EU24
10 - 10.15 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
S5.479
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION Amateur
S5.479
Non civil radar.
EU2 EU17A
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR.
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
Fixed includes
Civil and non civil
radar (low power)
in certain sub
bands.
EU2 EU17A
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
9500-9800 MHz
10.15 - 10.30
GHz
Amateur
ERC/REC 70-03.
KFOR
ERC/REC 70-03.
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
Radiolocation
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
D-81
Notes
CEPT/ERC/REC 1205.
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-05.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
Civil and non civil
radar (low power)
in certain sub
bands. ENG/OB is
envisaged.
EU2 EU17 EU17A
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
KFOR; FMO
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
MOBILE
Amateur
AmateurSatellite
Fixed includes
EU2 EU17 EU23
EU17A
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
MOBILE
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
FIXED
MOBILE
Radiolocation
FIXED
MOBILE
Radiolocation
Fixed includes
FIXED
MOBILE
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
Radiolocation
FIXED
Mobile
Radiolocation
Fixed includes
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
Radiolocation
FMO; TRA
10.30 - 10.45
GHz
10.45 - 10.50
GHz
10.50 - 10.55
GHz
10.55 - 10.60
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
Amateur
Civil and non civil
radar.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
D-82
EU17A
CEPT/ERC/REC 1205 &
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
EU17A
Recommendations
CEPT/ERC/REC 1205 &
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
Notes
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 70-03.
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ions
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-05 &
CEPT/ERC/R
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
10.60 - 10.65
GHz
EARTH
(passive)
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
Radiolocation
S5.149
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY EARTH
EXPLORATION-SATELLITE
(passive) SPACE RESEARCH
Radiolocation
S5.149
Fixed includes
EU17A
EC 70-03.
ERC/REC 12-05.
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (passive) FIXED
Mobile RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH S5.149
Fixed includes
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.340 S5.483
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
S5.340
10.65 - 10.68
GHz
10.68 – 10.70
GHz
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
Passive
applications.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
Passive
applications.
Passive
applications.
Major Users
RA Continuum
measurements and
VLBI.
Surface emissivity
and precipitation
measurements.
EU17A
ERC/REC 12-05.
RA Continuum
measurements and
VLBI.
Surface emissivity
and precipitation
measurements.
RA Continuum
measurements and
VLBI.
Surface emissivity
and precipitation.
D-83
Kosovo
Allocations
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
FMO; TRA
Notes
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-05.
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
10.70 – 11.70
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(Earth-to-space)
S5.441 S5.484
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (s-to-E)
S5.441 S5.484
Land Mobile-Sat.(s-to-E)
Mobile
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1206.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Land MobileSatellite (space-toEarth)
Mobile except
aeronautical
mobile
FMO; TRA
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-06.
FIXED
BROADCASTING
Mobile except
Aeronautical
Mobile
S5.487 S5.487A
S5.492
FIXED
BROADCASTING-SATELLITE
Mobile
Satellite
broadcasting in
accordance with
Appendix S30.
Future use of this
band for point to
multipoint radio links
for cable TV
distribution depends
on the replanning of
RR Appendices S30
& S30A.
FIXED
Mobile except
Aeronautical Mobile
FMO; MC; TRA
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(space-to-Earth)
S5.484A
S5.494 S5.495
S5.496
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.484A
S5.495
Fixed satellite
applications.
Priority for civil
networks. Low
density carriers,
including VSATs
and digital SNG are
encouraged to use
this band.
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
11.70 – 12.50
GHz
12.50 - 12.75
GHz
Fixed Satellite
Plan 10.7 – 10.95
/ 11.2 – 11.45
GHz in
accordance with
App. 30B.
S5.487 S5.487A S5.492
D-84
Fixed links.
Fixed satellite
applications.
Low density
carriers,
including
VSATs and
digital SNG
are
encouraged to
use this band.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
12.75 - 13.25
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.441
MOBILE
Space Research
(deep
space)(space-toEarth)
FIXED
Fixed links based
on
Recommendation
ITU-R F.497.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites from
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1202.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
FMO; TRA
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-02.
EARTH
(active)
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.497
SPACE
RESEARCH
(active)
S5.498A
AERONAUTICAL
S5.498A
Doppler
Navigation aids.
EU26
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
FMO; KFOR
Doppler
Navigation
aids.
EARTH
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
Standard
Frequency and
Time SignalSatellite (Earth-tospace)
S5.501A S5.501B
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE RESEARCH
S5.501A S5.501B
Doppler
Navigation aids.
Motion sensors in
13.4 - 14.0 GHz.
Ship berthing
radars. Military
land, airborne and
naval radars.
EU2 EU26
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
13.25 - 13.40
GHz
13.40 - 13.75
GHz
Fixed satellite
Plan.
Ship berthing
radars.
Earth exploration
observations.
D-85
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
13.75 - 14 GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.484A
RADIOLOCATION
Standard
Frequency and
Time Signal-Sat.
(E-to-s) Space
Research
S5.502 S5.503
S5.503A
RADIOLOCATION
Space Research
S5.502 S5.503
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed applications.
Priority for civil
networks. Future
VLBI
observations.
Mil. land, airborne
and naval radars.
Navigation radars.
EU2 EU26
RADIOLOCATION
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
KFOR
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-to-s) S5.484A
S5.506
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.504
Mobile-Satellite (Eto-s) except
aeronautical
mobile-satellite
Space Research
Mobile-Satellite (E-to-s) except
aeronautical mobile-satellite
Space Research
S5.504
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed and mobile
applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1303.
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.484A
Mobile-Satellite
(Earth-to-space)
except aeronautical
mobile-satellite
FMO; TRA
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-to-s) S5.484A
S5.506
RADIONAVIGATI
ON S5.504
Mobile-Satellite (Eto-s) except
aeronautical
mobile-satellite
Space Research
S5.508
Mobile-Satellite (Earth-to-space)
except aeronautical mobilesatellite
Space Research
S5.504 S5.508
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed and mobile
applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
14 - 14.25 GHz
14.25 - 14.30
GHz
VSAT/SNG
applications.
VSAT/SNG
applications.
D-86
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
Low density carriers,
including VSATs
and digital SNG, are
encouraged to use
this band.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1303.
Fixed links to be
coordinated with
fixed satellite
service on a national
basis.
Notes
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 13-03.
Low density
carriers,
including
VSATs and
digital SNG,
are
encouraged to
use this band.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
14.30 - 14.40
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-to-s) S5.484A
S5.506 MOBILE
except
Aeronautical
Mobile
MobileSatellite (E-to-s)
RadionavigationSatellite
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed and mobile
applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
VSAT/SNG
applications.
ERC/ REC 13-03.
14.40 - 14.47
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Eto-s) S5.484A
S5.506
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile MobileSatellite (E-to-s)
Space Research
(s-to-E)
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed and mobile
applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1303.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-to-s) S5.484A
S5.506 MOBILE
except
aeronautical
mobile MobileSatellite (E-to-s)
except
aeronautical
mobile-satellite
Radio Astronomy
S5.149
Radio Astronomy S5.149
14.47 - 14.50
GHz
VSAT/SNG
applications.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed and mobile
applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
VSAT/SNG
applications.
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Mobile-Satellite
(Earth-to-space)
except aeronautical
mobile-satellite
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 13-03.
Fixed links to be
coordinated with
fixed satellite
basis.
Fixed links to be
coordinated with
fixed satellite
basis.
ERC/REC 13-03.
Fixed links to be
coordinated with
fixed satellite
basis.
RA spectral line
observations and
future VLBI.
Fixed links to
be coordinated
with fixed
satellite
service on a
national basis.
VSAT/SNG
applications.
D-87
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
14.50-14.62 GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.510
MOBILE
Space Research
FIXED
MOBILE
Radio Astronomy
Defense systems.
EU20 EU27
FMO; TRA
Civil and non-civil
fixed links.
ERC/REC 12-07
FIXED
MOBILE
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-07
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
The band
14.62 - 15.23
GHz is a
harmonized
military band
for fixed and
mobile
services.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-07
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
TRA
Passive
applications.
Future VLBI
observations
compatible with
primary use.
14.62-14.80 GHz
14.80-15.23 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
Space Research
S5.339
FIXED
MOBILE
Radio Astronomy
S5.339
Defense systems.
EU20 EU27
Civil and non-civil
fixed links
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1207
The band 14.62 15.23 GHz is a
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile services.
15.23-15.35 GHz
15.35 - 15.40
GHz
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile services.
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive) S5.340
S5.511
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH
S5.340
Passive
applications.
D-88
RA continuum
measurements and
future VLBI.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
15.40 - 15.43
GHz
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.511D
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.511D
15.43 – 15.63
GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE (s-toE)(E-to-s) S5.511A
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.511C
15.63 – 15.7 GHz
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Doppler radar low
power sensing.
Ground
movement radars.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
FMO; KFOR
FIXED-SATELLITE (s-to- E)(E-tospace) S5.511A
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.511C
Fixed satellite
applications for
MSS feeder links.
Doppler radar low
power sensing.
Ground
movement radars.
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space to
Earth)(Earth to
space)
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
FMO; KFOR
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.511D
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.511D
Doppler radar low
power sensing.
Ground
movement radars.
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
FMO; TRA
15.70 - 16.60
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
S5.512
RADIOLOCATION
Defense systems.
EU27
This is a
harmonized military
band for land,
airborne and naval
radars.
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
This is a
harmonized
military band
for land,
airborne and
naval radars.
16.60 - 17.10
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
Space Research
(deep space)(E-tos) S5.512
RADIOLOCATION
Space Research (Earth-to-space)
Defense systems.
EU27
This is a
harmonized military
band for land,
airborne and naval
radars.
17.10 - 17.20
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
S5.512 S5.513
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
Defense systems.
EU2
KFOR; FMO
HIPERLAN.
ERC/REC 70-03.
RADIOLOCATION
Mobile
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 70-03.
HIPERLANS
Military radar
applications.
Military radar
applications.
D-89
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
17.20 - 17.30
GHz
EARTH
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH
(active)
S5.512 S5.513
S5.513A
RADIOLOCATION
MOBILE
S5.513A
Defense systems.
EU2
Military radar
applicat.
ERC/REC 70-03.
Mobile allocation for
HIPERLANs which
have priority over
space services.
HIPERLANs cannot
claim protection
from radiolocation
service.
RADIOLOCATION
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
FMO; TRA
Missile systems
radars.
Airborne terrain
following radars.
HIPERLAN.
Notes
KFOR; FMO
Defense
systems.
Missile
systems
radars.
Airborne
terrain
following
radars.
HIPERLAN.
ERC/REC 7003.
17.30 - 17.70
GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.516
Radiolocation
S5.514
FIXED
Radiolocation
Point to multipoint
systems.
Appendix S30A of
Radio
Regulations.
Feeder link plan
for 11.7 - 12.5
GHz.
EU2
Missile systems
radars.
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
FIXED
Radiolocation
17.70 - 18.10
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.484A (Earth-tospace) S5.516
MOBILE
FIXED
(Earth-to-space) S5.516
Fixed links.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinated Earth
stations.
Feeder link plan
17.7 - 18.1 GHz.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1203.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(Earth-to-space)
D-90
Major Users
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-03.
Fixed links.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
18.10 - 18.30
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
S5.519
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
S5.519 S5.521
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.484A S5.520
(s-to-E) S5.519
Fixed links.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
Feeder link band
18.1 - 18.4 GHz
for BSS (WARC
92).
Fixed links.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
Feeder link band
18.1 - 18.4 GHz
for BSS (WARC
92).
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1203.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
METEOROLOGIC
AL-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-03.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(Earth-to-space)
FMO; TRA
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.484A
MOBILE
FIXED
Fixed links.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1203.
18.30 - 18.40
GHz
18.40 - 18.60
GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) (Earth-to-space) S5.484A
S5.520
D-91
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1203.
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-03.
Fixed links.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-03.
Fixed links.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
18.60 - 18.80
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.523
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
Earth ExplorationSatellite (passive)
Space Research
(passive)
S5.522
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-toEarth) S5.523
(passive)
S5.522
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1203.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-03.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.523A
MOBILE
FIXED
S5.523B S5.523C S5.523D
S5.523E
Fixed links.
Fixed and mobile
satellites to
uncoordinated
Earth stations
18.80 - 19.30
GHz
19.30 - 19.70
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(sto-E) (E-to-s)
S5.523B
S5.523C;S5.523D
5.523E
MOBILE
19.70 - 20.10
GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.484A
Mobile-Satellite (sto-E)
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
Earth Exploration
Satellite is included,
but is subject to
further studies in
ITU-R.
Fixed links.
EESS surface
emissivity, snow,
sea ice and
precipitation.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites to
coordinated Earth
stations. Priority
for civil networks.
D-92
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 1203.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
FMO; TRA
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 12-03.
Fixed and
mobile
satellites to
uncoordinated
Earth stations
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
20.10 - 20.20
GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
S5.484A
MOBILESATELLITE (sto-E) S5.525
S5.526
S5.527 S5.528
MOBILE-SATELLITE (s-to-E)
S5.525 S5.526 S5.527 S5.528
Fixed and mobile
satellites to
uncoordinated
Earth stations.
20.20 - 21.20
GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Standard
Frequency and
Time SignalSatellite
Fixed and mobile
satellites to
uncoordinated
Earth stations.
EU2 EU27
21.20 - 21.40
GHz
EARTH
(passive)
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE RESEARCH
Unidirectional,
temporary fixed or
mobile links,
including
ENG/OB.
21.40 - 22 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.530
S5.530
Wide band high
definition
television.
D-93
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE (space
to Earth)
FMO; TRA
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
KFOR
The MOBILE
SATELLITE
allocation is
paired with
43.5-45.5 MHz
Passive systems will
be phased out by
2015.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Unidirectional,
temporary
fixed or mobile
links, including
ENG/OB.
Fixed service
envisaged in some
countries.
MC
Wide band
high definition
television.
harmonized military
band for satellite
downlinks.
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
22 - 22.21 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile
S5.149
FIXED
Mobile
RADIO ASTRONOMY
Fixed links.
EU17A
FMO; TRA
Passive
applications.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
Rec.T/R 13-02.
RA spectral line
observations (water
line and redshifted
water line under
22.5 GHz).
FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 13-02.
Fixed links.
EARTH
(passive) FIXED
MOBILE except
Aeronautical
Mobile RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.149 S5.532
FIXED
MOBILE
RESEARCH Earth ExplorationSatellite (passive) S5.149
S5.532
Fixed links.
EU17A
RA applications.
ERC Rec.T/R 13-02.
EESS systems will
be phased out by
2015. RA spectral
line observations
(water line and
redshifted water line
under 22.5 GHz)
also VLBI.
22.50 - 22.55
GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE
RESEARCH
Fixed links.
EU17A
FMO; TRA
RA applications
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
FIXED
MOBILE
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 13-02.
Fixed links.
22.55 - 22.60
GHz
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE
S5.149
FIXED
MOBILE
RESEARCH S5.149
Fixed links.
EU17A
RA applications
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
22.21 - 22.50
GHz
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
D-94
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
22.60 - 23 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
RESEARCH S5.149
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
RA applications.
Methyl Formate
and Ammonia
lines 22.81 22.86 GHz.
EU17A
RA spectral line
observations
(Methyl Formate
and Ammonia lines
22.81 - 22.86 GHz).
23 - 23.55 GHz
FIXED
SATELLITE
S5.149
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
RA spectral line
observations.
INTERMOBILE
23.55 - 23.60
GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED
SATELLITE
23.60 - 24 GHz
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.340
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH
S5.340
Passive
applications.
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE
S5.150
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
S5.150
ISM 24 - 24.25
GHz SRD.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
24 - 24.05 GHz
INTERMOBILE
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
Fixed links.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
Kosovo
Allocations
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
Major Users
Notes
TRA
Continuum
observations.
Ammonia line.
Water vapor
measurements.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 70-03.
ISM 24 - 24.25
GHz
D-95
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
24.05 - 24.25
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Earth ExplorationSatellite (active)
S5.150
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Earth Exploration-Satellite (active)
Fixed
Mobile
S5.150
Defense radars.
Rain radar from
satellites.
ISM 24.05-24.25
GHz.
SRD.
ENG/OB is
envisaged.
EU2
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Fixed
Mobile
FMO; KFOR;
TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
CEPT/ERC/R
EC 70-03.
FIXED
MOBILE
Unidirectional,
temporary fixed
links.
EU17A
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Unidirectional,
temporary
fixed links
FIXED
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
FIXED
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 13-02.
Fixed links.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 13-02.
24.25 - 24.45
GHz
FIXED
24.45 - 24.50
GHz
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
24.50 - 24.65
GHz
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
ISM 24.05 24.25 GHz.
24.65 - 24.75
GHz
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
FIXED
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
24.75 - 25.25
GHz
FIXED
FIXED
Fixed links.
ERC Rec.T/R 13-02.
25.25 - 25.50
GHz
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
S5.536
MOBILE
Standard
Frequency and
FIXED
MOBILE
INTER-SATELLITE S5.536
Fixed links.
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
EARTH
(space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILE
Earth Exploration-Satellite (s-to-E)
S5.536A
25.50 - 26.50
GHz
Fixed links.
Fixed links.
D-96
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 13-02.
Fixed links.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
26.50 - 27 GHz
S5.536A
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
S5.536
MOBILE
Standard
Frequency and
FIXED
MOBILE
Earth Exploration-Satellite (s-s)
S5.536A
Defense systems.
EU27
FIXED
MOBILE
KFOR
This is a
harmonized
military band
for fixed and
mobile
systems.
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
S5.536
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE
Earth Exploration-Satellite (spacespace)
Defense systems.
27.50 - 28.50
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.484A S5.539
MOBILE
S5.538 S5.540
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) (space-to-Earth) S5.484A
S5.539
S5.538 S5.540
Fixed links.
Fixed Satellite
Service (s-to-E)
use limited to
beacons for uplink
power control
27.5-27.501 GHz.
Feeder links to
broadcasting
satellites (HDTV)
27.5 - 29.5 GHz.
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendat
ion
T/R 13-02.
Fixed links.
Feeder links to
broadcasting
satellites
(HDTV) 27.5 29.5 GHz.
28.50 - 29.10
GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT(E-to-s)
S5.484A S5.523A
S5.539 MOBILE
Earth ExplorationSatellite (E-to-s)
S5.540 S5.541
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT(E-to-s) S5.484A
S5.523A S5.539 Earth Explorat.Satellite (E-to-s) S5.540 S5.541
Fixed links.
Feeder links to
broadcasting
satellites (HDTV)
27.5 - 29.5 GHz.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites from
coordinated Earth
27 - 27.50 GHz
This is a
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile systems.
INTERSATELLITE
EU27
This is a
harmonized military
band for fixed and
mobile systems.
D-97
ERC
Recommendation
T/R 13-02.
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(space-to-Earth)
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
29.1 – 29.50 GHz
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT(E-to-s)
S5.523C S5.523E
S5.535A S5.539
S5.541A MOBILE
Earth ExplorationSatellite (E-to-s)
S5.541 S5.540
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT(E-to-s) S5.523C
S5.523E S5.535A S5.539
S5.541A Earth ExplorationSatellite (Earth-to-space) S5.541
S5.540
stations.
29.50 - 29.90
GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-to-s) S5.484A
S5.539
Earth ExplorationSatellite (Earth-tospace) S5.541
Mobile-Satellite (Eto-s)
S5.540
FIXED-SATELLITE
(E-to-s)
S5.484A S5.539
Earth Exploration-Satellite (E-to-s)
S5.541
Mobile-Satellite (E-to-s)
S5.540
Fixed and mobile
satellites from
uncoordinated
Earth stations.
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Eto-s) S5.484A
S5.539
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Earth ExplorationSatellite (Earth-tospace) S5.541
S5.525 S5.526
S5.527 S5.538
S5.540 S5.543
FIXED-SATELLITE
(E-to-s)
(s-to-E) S5.484A S5.539
Earth Exploration-Sat. (Earth-tospace) S5.541
S5.540 S5.525 S5.526 S5.527
S5.538 S5.543
Fixed and mobile
satellites from
uncoordinated
Earth stations.
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(space-to-Earth)
FSS Space to
Earth use limited
to beacons for
uplink power
control 29.999 30 GHz.
29.90 - 30 GHz
D-98
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
FMO; TRA
Mobile-Satellite
(Earth-to-space)
FMO; TRA
Notes
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
30 - 31 GHz
FIXEDSATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Standard
Frequency and
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-tospace) (space-to-Earth)
Fixed and mobile
satellites from
uncoordinated
Earth stations.
This is a
harmonized military
band for satellite
uplinks.
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILESATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
KFOR; FMO
This is a
harmonized
military band
for satellite
uplinks.
31 - 31.30 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.149
Standard
Frequency and
Space Research
S5.544
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.149
Fixed links.
Fixed includes point
to multipoint.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Fixed links.
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.340
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH
S5.340
Passive
applications.
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
TRA
31.30 – 31.50
GHz
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
RA continuum
measurements.
Surface
temperature and
emissivity,
atmospheric
attenuation.
D-99
RA continuum
measurements.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
31.50 –
31.80 GHz
EARTH
(passive)
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH Fixed
Mobile except
Aeronautical
Mobile
S5.149
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH Fixed
Mobile
S5.149
Passive
applications.
Fixed includes point
to multipoint.
FMO; TRA
Surface
temperature and
emissivity,
RA continuum
measurements.
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
Fixed
Mobile except
Aeronautical
Mobile
Fixed includes
point to
multipoint.
31.80 – 32 GHz
FIXED S5.547A
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
SPACE
RESEARCH (deep
space)(s-to-E)
S5.547 S5.548
FIXED S5.547A
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.547 S5.548
High density fixed
links.
Space research
(deep space) in
some countries.
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
FMO; TRA
High density
fixed links.
32 – 32.30 GHz
FIXED S5.547A
INTERSATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
SPACE
RESEARCH (deep
space)(s-to-E)
S5.547 S5.548
FIXED S5.547A
RADIONAVIGATION
INTER-SATELLITE
S5.547 S5.548
High density fixed
links.
Space research
(deep space) in
some countries.
32.30 – 33 GHz
FIXED S5.547A
INTERSATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.547 S5.548
FIXED S5.547A
INTER-SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.547 S5.548
High density fixed
links.
atmospheric
attenuation.
D-100
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
33 - 33.40 GHz
FIXED S5.547A
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
S5.547
FIXED S5.547A
RADIONAVIGATION
INTER-SATELLITE
S5.547
High density fixed
links.
FIXED to be
reviewed at WRC99.
FIXED
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
FMO; TRA
High density
fixed links.
33.40 - 34.20
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
Motion sensors.
Short range radar.
Surveying and
measurement.
Defense systems.
EU2 EU27
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
This is a
harmonized
military band
for
radiolocation
systems
34.20 - 34.70
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH (deep
space)(E-to-s)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE RESEARCH (Earth-tospace)
EU2 EU27
military band for
radiolocation
systems.
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
34.70 - 35.20
GHz
RADIOLOCATION
Space Research
RADIOLOCATION
Space Research
Motion sensors.
Short range radar.
Surveying and
measurement.
Defense systems.
35.20 – 35.5 GHz
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
RADIOLOCATION
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
RADIOLOCATION
Short range radar.
EU2 EU27
KFOR
Defense systems.
military band for
radiolocation
systems.
METEOROLOGICA
L AIDS
RADIOLOCATION
METEOROLOGIC
AL AIDS
EARTH
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH
(active) S5.551A
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH (active)
S5.551A
Satellite rain
radars.
EU2 EU27
35.5 –36 GHz
Defense systems.
D-101
military band for
radiolocation
systems.
military band for
radiolocation
systems.
This is a
harmonized
military band
for
radiolocation
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
36 - 37 GHz
EARTH
(passive) FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive) S5.149
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH (passive)
Radio Astronomy S5.149
Snow, ice and
precipitation
measurements.
EU27
military band for
fixed and mobile
systems.
FIXED
MOBILE
Radio Astronomy
KFOR
This is a
harmonized
military band
for fixed and
mobile
systems.
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space to Earth)
FIXED
SPACE RESEARCH
Earth)
FIXED
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendatio
n T/R 12-01.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)
Earth ExplorationSatellite
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
Earth ExplorationSatellite (space-to-Earth)
FMO;TRA
ERC
Recommendatio
n T/R 12-01.
37 – 37.50 MHz
37.50 - 38 GHz
Future non civil
fixed and mobile
systems.
Defense systems.
(space to
Hydrogen cyanide
and Hydroxil lines
36.43 36.5 GHz.
Low and medium
capacity fixed
links for civil and
non civil
applications.
EU2
Low and medium
capacity fixed
links for civil and
non civil
applications.
EU2
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
D-102
ERC
Recommendation T/R
12-01.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
ERC
Recommendation T/R (space-to-Earth)
12-01.
Low and
medium
capacity fixed
links for civil
and non civil
applications.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
38 - 39.50 GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
Earth ExplorationSatellite (space-toEarth)
FIXED
Earth Exploration-Satellite (spaceto-Earth)
Low and medium
capacity fixed
links. Sub bands
37 - 37.142 GHz
paired with 38.26 38.402 GHz for
unplanned,
uncoordinated
use, subject to
national decisions.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
EU2
39.50 - 40 GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILE
Possible band for
broadband mobile
systems.
Shared civil and
non civil allocation
for future satellite
and terrestrial
systems.
D-103
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
ERC
Recommendation T/R (space-to-Earth)
12-01.
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendatio
n T/R 12-01.
EU2
FMO; TRA
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE (spaceto-Earth)
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
40 - 40.50 GHz
EARTH
EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (E-tos)
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(Earth-to-space)
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE-SATELLITE ((space-toEarth)
SPACE RESEARCH (Earth-tospace)
Possible band for
broadband mobile
systems.
EU2
FIXED
BROADCASTING
Mobile
S5.551B
BROADCASTING
FIXED
S5.551B
Multipoint video
distribution
systems.
40.50 - 42.50
GHz
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
FMO; TRA; MC
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)0
5.
Shared civil and
and terrestrial
systems.
BROADCASTING
ERC
Recommendation T/R FIXED
52-01.
ERC Decision
ERC/DEC/(96)05.
ERC
Recommendatio
n T/R 52-01.
Multipoint
video
distribution
systems.
42.50 - 43.50
GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.552 MOBILE
except
Aeronautical
Mobile
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
S5.149
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
S5.552 MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile RADIO
ASTRONOMY S5.149
Future civil fixed
and mobile
systems. Possible
band for
broadband mobile
system.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
D-104
Silicon monoxide lines FIXED
and many other
FIXED-SATELLITE
spectral lines in this
(Earth-to-space)
band.
MOBILE except
Aeronautical Mobile
FMO; TRA
Future civil
fixed and
mobile
systems.
Possible band
for broadband
mobile system.
Telecommunic
ations
satellites for
fixed
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
43.50 - 45.50
GHz
MOBILE S5.553
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
RADIONAVIGATI
ON-SATELLITE
S5.554
45.50 - 47 GHz
MOBILE S5.553
MOBILE-SATELLITE
Fixed-Satellite
S5.554
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
Fixed-Satellite
KFOR
MOBILE S5.553
MOBILESATELLITE RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIG.-SATELLIT S5.554
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
FMO; TRA
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE
FMO; TRA
47 – 47.20 GHz
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE
AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
47.20 - 48.50
GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
S5.552
MOBILE
S5.149 S5.340
S5.552A S5.555
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
S5.552A S5.555
Defense systems.
EU27
military band for
satellite uplinks and
mobile systems.
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed applications.
Priority for civil
networks.
Feeder links for 40
GHz broadcasting
satellites.
D-105
High altitude platform FIXED
stations in the bands
FIXED-SATELLITE
47.2-47.5 GHz and
(Earth-to-space)
47.9-48.2 GHz.
MOBILE
Amateur
FMO; TRA
This is a
harmonized
military band for
satellite uplinks
and mobile
systems.
MOBILESATELLITE
allocation is
paired with 20.2
– 21.2 GHz
Feeder links
for 40 GHz
broadcasting
satellites.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
48.50 – 50.20
GHz
Major Utilization
Notes
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.149 S5.340 S5.555
Low and medium
capacity fixed
links.
EU17A
Telecommunicatio
ns satellites for
fixed applications.
Kosovo
Allocations
FIXED
Carbonmonosulphide FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
line 48.94 – 49.04
GHz.
MOBILE
Major Users
Notes
FMO; TRA
Low and
medium
capacity fixed
links.
Feeder links
for
broadcasting
satellites 48.5
– 49.2 GHz.
Feeder links for
broadcasting
satellites 48.5 –
49.2 GHz.
50.20 - 50.40
GHz
EARTH
(passive)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.340 S5.555A
S5.340
Passive
applications.
50.40 - 51.40
GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
Mobile-Satellite (Eto-s)
FIXED
Shared civil and
and terrestrial
systems.
51.40 - 52.6 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
S5.547 S5.556
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.547 S5.556
High density fixed
links.
D-106
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Mobile-Satellite
(Earth-to-space)
FMO; TRA
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
EU2
High density
fixed links.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
52.6 – 54.25 GHz
EARTH
(passive)
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.340 S5.556
S5.340 S5.556
Passive
applications.
FIXED
Atmospheric
temperature sounding
54.25 - 55.78
GHz
EARTH
(passive) INTERSATELLITE
S5.556A
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
Passive
applications.
Atmospheric
temperature
sounding.
55.78 - 56.9 GHz
EARTH
(passive) FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
S5.556A
MOBILE S5.558
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.547
FIXED
INTER-SATELLITE S5.556A
S5.547 S5.558
Passive
applications.
EU21
EARTH
(passive)
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
FIXED
MOBILE S5.558
S5.547 S5.558A
Passive
applications.
56.9 - 57.0 GHz
Low and medium
capacity fixed
links (1.47 GHz
forward/ return
separation):
intended for
support
infrastructure for
large scale mobile
networks.
Low power short
range fixed and
mobile systems
(frequency
planning not
D-107
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommendation T/R
22-03.
Atmospheric
temperature
sounding.
EU21
ERC
Recommendation T/R
22-03.
Atmospheric
temperature
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
Low power
short range
fixed and
mobile
systems
(frequency
planning not
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
S5.558A
MOBILE S5.558
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.547
Major Utilization
Notes
required).
sounding.
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
Notes
required).
ERC
Recommendati
on T/R 22-03.
57 – 58.2 GHz
EARTH
(passive)
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
S5.556A
MOBILE S5.558
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.547
FIXED
MOBILE S5.558
S5.547
Passive
applications.
Atmospheric
temperature
sounding.
FIXED
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
58.20 - 59 GHz
EARTH
(passive)
FIXED
MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH
(passive)
S5.547 S5.556
FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY
S5.547 S5.556
Passive
applications.
EU6 EU19
FIXED
FMO; TRA
High density
fixed links.
EARTH
(passive) FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE S5.558
RADIOLOCATION 5.559 SPACE
Passive
applications.
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
The band 5961 GHz is a
harmonized
military band
for fixed,
mobile and
59 – 59.3 GHz
High density fixed
links.
Defense systems.
D-108
Atmospheric
temperature
sounding.
EU2 EU27
Atmospheric
temperature
sounding.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo
Allocations
Major Users
S5.556A
MOBILE S5.558
RADIOLOCATION
5.559 SPACE
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo Allocation
Major Utilization
59.3 - 62 GHz
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE S5.558
RADIOLOCATION
S5.559
S5.138
FIXED
INTER-SATELLITE
RADIOLOCATION S.5.559
S5.558
Defense systems.
Cordless local
area networks.
ISM 61 - 61.5
GHz. SRD
Low and medium
capacity fixed
links (1.47 GHz
forward /return
separation based
on plan for 54.25 57.2 GHz).
EU2 EU27
FIXED
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
The band 59-61 GHz
is a harmonized
military band for fixed,
mobile and
radiolocation systems.
D-109
ERC
Recommendations
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003 & T/R 22-03.
The band 59-61 GHz
is a harmonized
military band for fixed,
mobile and
radiolocation systems.
Notes
radiolocation
systems.
Notes
CEPT/ERC/
REC 70-03 &
T/R 22-03.
The band 5961 GHz is a
harmonized
military band.
Low and
medium
capacity
fixed links
( 1.47 GHz
forward/
return
separation
based on
plan for
54.25- 57.2
GHz).
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
62 - 63 GHz
63 - 64 GHz
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
INTER-SATELLITE
MOBILE S5.558
RADIOLOCATION
S5.559
Short range non
civil radiolocation.
Broadband mobile
systems for
connec. to IBCN
paired with 65 - 66
GHz.
EU2
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR; FMO;
TRA
ERC
Recommend
ation T/R 2203.
INTER-SATELLITE
MOBILE S5.558
RADIOLOCATION S5.559
Short range non
civil radiolocation.
Road transport
and traffic
telematics (RTTT
vehicle to road
/vehicle to
vehicle).
Decision
ERC/DEC/(92)02
ERC
Recommendation T/R
22-03.
Decision
ERC/DEC/(9
2)02
ERC
Recommend
ation
CEPT/ERC/
REC 70-03
ERC
Recommendations
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003 & T/R 22-03.
64 - 65 GHz
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile
S5.547
S5.556
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
S5.547
S5.556
High density fixed
links.
FIXED
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
High
density
fixed links.
65 - 66 GHz
EARTH
FIXED
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE except
aeronautical
mobile SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.547
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE
FIXED
INTER-SATELLITE
MOBILE
except aeronautical mobile
High density fixed
links.
ERC
FIXED
Recommendation T/R MOBILE except
22-03.
aeronautical mobile
FMO; TRA
ERC
Recommend
ation T/R 2203.
Broadband mobile
systems for
connection to
IBCN paired with
62 - 63 GHz.
D-110
High density
fixed links.
Broadband
mobile
systems for
connection to
IBCN paired
with 62 - 63
GHz.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
66 - 71 GHz
INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE S5.553
S5.558 MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
RADIONAVIGATI
ON-SATELLITE
S5.554
INTER-SATELLITE MOBILE
S5.553 S5.558 MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
S5.554
Future civil
systems.
71 - 74 GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
S5.149 S5.556
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
RADIO ASTRONOMY S5.149
S5.556
Defense systems.
74 - 75.50 GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
Space Research
(space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILE
Space
Research (space-to-Earth)
Future civil
systems.
75.50 - 76 GHz
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE Space
Research (spaceto-Earth)
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE Space Research
(space-to-Earth)
RA applications.
D-111
Notes
EU27
military band.
Pairing of this band
with 81 - 84 GHz is
envisaged in military
systems.
RA: Formaldehyde
line 72.77 - 72.91
GHz.
Kosovo Allocation
Major Utilization
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
RADIONAVIGATIO
N-SATELLITE
FMO; TRA
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
KFOR
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
FMO; TRA
AMATEUR
AMATEURSATELLITE
FMO; TRA
Notes
This is a
harmonized
military
band.
Pairing of
this band
with 81 - 84
GHz is
envisaged
in military
systems.
Future civil
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
76 - 78 GHz
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
Space Research
(space-to-Earth)
S5.560
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
Civil radiolocation.
EU2
FMO; TRA
76 - 77 GHz RTTT
(Radar).
Decision
ERC/DEC/(92)02
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
Decision
ERC/DEC/(
92)02
RADIOLOCATION S5.560
Amateur
AmateurSatellite
Earth ExplorationSatellite Space Research (s-to-E)
Civil and non civil
radiolocation.
EU2
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-Satellite
FMO; TRA
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLIT
(s-to-E) MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
Space Research
(s-to-E)
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT (s-to-E)
MOBILE
Space Research (s-to-E)
Defense systems.
EU27
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
KFOR
84 - 86 GHz
FIXED
MOBILE
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTINGSAT. S5.561
FIXED
MOBILE
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING-SAT. S5.561
FIXED
MOBILE
BROADCASTING
FMO; TRA; MC
86 - 92 GHz
EARTH
(passive) RADIO
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE (passive) RADIO
ASTRONOMY SPACE
RESEARCH S5.340
RADIO
ASTRONOMY
TRA
78 - 81 GHz
81 - 84 GHz
ERC
Recommen
dation
CEPT/ERC/
REC 70-03.
ERC
Recommendation
CEPT/ERC/REC 7003.
military band.
Pairing of this band
with 71 - 74 GHz is
envisaged in military
systems.
Passive
applications.
D-112
RA: Continuum and
spectral line
measurements.
This is a
harmonized
military
band.
Pairing of
this band
with 71 - 74
GHz is
envisaged
in military
systems.
Frequency band
RR Region1
allocation and
relevant
footnotes
Major Utilization
Notes
Kosovo Allocation
Major Utilization
Notes
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
S5.149 S5.556
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLIT (E-to-s) MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
Radio
Astronomy
S5.149 S5.556
Short range radar.
EU2
KFOR
RA: Diazenylium line
and numerous other
spectral lines.
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
Short range
radar.
EARTH
(active)
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.562
RADIOLOCATION
SPACE
RESEARCH S5.562
Short range radar.
EU2
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
Short range
radar.
94.1 –95 GHz
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
S5.556
FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
S5.556
Short range radar.
95 - 100 GHz
MOBILE S5.553
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATI
ON
RADIONAVIGATI
ON-SATELLITE
Radiolocation
S5.149 S5.554
S5.555
MOBILE S5.553
MOBILE-SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
Radiolocation
S5.149 S5.554 S5.555
ASTRONOMY
SPACE
RESEARCH
S5.340
92 - 94 GHz
94 – 94.1 GHz
Cloud profiler
radar.
Cloud
profiler
radar.
EU2
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
KFOR
EU2
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATIO
N
RADIONAVIGATIO
N-SATELLITE
Radiolocation
FMO;TRA
RA: Multiple line
Observations.
Continuum
observations.
D-113
Short range
radar.
Part 2
KOSOVO PROVISIONAL
EUROPEAN BANK FOR
Numbering Resources
Management Report
Appendices
Pristina, Kosovo
August 2, 2006
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1
2. REGULATORY AND POLICY BACKGROUND .................................................................... 3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
BASIC NUMBERING PRINCIPLES…………………………………………………………… 3
EVOLVING NUMBERING POLICY…………………………………………………………… 4
CURRENT EU POSITIONS…………………………………………………………………... 6
NON-GEOGRAPHIC NUMBERS–ETNS……………………………………………………. 6
3. CURRENT NUMBERING SITUATION ................................................................................... 9
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
KEY ISSUES……………………………………………………………………………………. 9
TECHNICAL CONCERNS…………………………………………………………................. 9
STATUS ISSUES……………………………………………………………………………….11
3.3.1
International Community Activity……………………………………………………11
3.3.2
Assignment of a National Destination Code……………………………………… 11
LEGACY NUMBERING PLANS……………………………………………………………… 12
3.4.1
Fixed Network Numbering……………………………………………………………12
3.4.2
Mobile Numbering……………………………………………………………………. 12
3.4.3
IP-Based Numbering………………………………………………………………… 13
EMERGENCY NUMBERING…………………………………………………………………. 13
DEMOGRAPHICS……………………………………………………………………………... 14
FOLLOW-ON NUMBERING PLANS………………………………….................................15
4. FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................. 16
5. RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................................................... 17
APPENDIX A: CURRENT KOSOVO SWITCHED NETWORK................................................ A-1
APPENDIX B: CURRENT KOSOVO NUMBERING PLANS ................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C: DRAFT KOSOVO NUMBERING AGREEMENT.............................................. C-1
APPENDIX D: DRAFT KOSOVO NUMBERING PLAN ........................................................... D-1
i
Numbering Resources Management Report
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The development of numbering policies and plans is a practice which exhibits
considerable variation, both worldwide and within the EU, and for which there is not yet
any consistent guidance or direction. Essentially, numbering remains very much a
prerogative of individual national governments. In developing its numbering policy, TRA
should be guided more by its own internal needs than any other factor such as the need
to attempt to conform with purported EU or international standards which themselves
are as yet far from resolved.
Numbering is a key commercial enabler that that be a key competitive factor for the
telecommunications industry. Thus, numbering within Kosovo, while lacking the
potential for return on investment as compared to the licensure of ISPs and wireless
operators, is a critical element for promoting Kosovo’s development.
Current numbering within Kosovo remains dominated by PTK’s use of the numbering
space, in much the same manner as in former Yugoslavia. A new numbering policy for
Kosovo is required that must be based on the priority of introducing more choice and
competition in the sector. Numbering plan objectives are driven by the process of
liberalization, market segmentation, and objectives resulting from the rapidly changing
economic and technological environment.
Therefore, as a generally applicable best practice, numbering regulations should
adequately reflect the following commercial considerations:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Numbers are increasingly becoming identified with particular operators;
As the number of new entrants to the telecommunications market increases, one
of their operational issues will be managing the numbers of their subscribers;
New entrants must be able to obtain equal quality numbers for example through
dialing parity (i.e., when the same number of digits have to be dialed for access
to services of competing operators);
Each operator should be assigned sufficient blocks of numbers to run its
business;
Number blocks should be assigned to operators on a fair and non-discriminatory
basis;
Warehousing of numbers should be prohibited.
Furthermore, Kosovo’s National Numbering Plan should have the following attributes:
•
Sufficient capacity to meet growth of telecommunications services, taking into
account the characteristics of available technologies, the forecast growth of
population, the geographic distribution of demand and the prospect of increasing
penetration, particularly in the more prosperous business communities.
•
Designated capacity for the introduction of services that may be new to each of
these countries but have been proved to be commercially successful in other
countries.
1
•
•
•
•
Spare capacity in the form of codes and number ranges that are not associated
with the services in a) or b) above and therefore potentially suitable for brand
new services or use of short codes.
Sufficient significance in the first few digits for callers to determine the nature of
the service and likely charge, and for network operators to be able to route calls
efficiently.
Neutrality in a liberalized environment, where multiple operators may be
competing to provide service to existing and new customers.
Suitability for independent administration, including publication of the status of all
codes and blocks of numbers, together with the procedures for obtaining
capacity.
In particular, it is important that the TRA ensure that
1. Basic system inconsistencies are addressed at the technical level to allow for
further development and upkeep of the legacy infrastructure even while Kosovo’s
status as an independent nation continues to evolve
2. Numbering blocks formerly held as part of the Yugoslav PTT that preceded PTK
be made available to support new and competitive services within Kosovo
Provision should also be made for the future introduction of “carrier selection” and
“number portability,” which enable customers to choose their long-distance carrier or
retain their number if they wish to change operator and make the best choice in service,
service quality and price. Besides the direct benefits of price savings, this is expected to
bring large indirect benefits to society and economy.
In so doing, the TRA should have the authority to become directly engaged in managing
Kosovo’s numbering resources, to make appropriate incremental changes in
infrastructure and to ensure that sufficient, but not excessive, resources are directed to
these ends.
2
2.
REGULATORY AND POLICY BACKGROUND
2.1
Basic Numbering Principles
Although there are wide variations in usage and practice, for nearly a century
numbering plans have been an essential national planning resource, in that they enable
subscribers to make and receive telephone calls between exchanges, whether across a
few miles or around the world. The “city/geographic code” is that part of the dialed
telephone number that specifies a telephone exchange system. Telephone numbering
plans assign city/geographic codes to exchanges, so that dialers may contact
telephones outside their local system. Normally placed at the beginning of the number,
city/geographic codes have historically indicated geographical areas (although, as
discussed later, this is not necessarily the case with digital overlays and other
technological advances). Together, numbering plans and their component
city/geographic codes direct telephone calls to particular regions on the public switched
telephone network (PSTN or ‘fixed’ network) where they are further routed by the local
network.
Callers within the geographical area of a given city/geographic code usually do not need
to include this particular city/geographic code in the number dialed, thereby giving the
caller shorter local telephone numbers. In some cases between or within
city/geographic codes, dialers may need to dial an extra digit (e.g., ‘1’ in North America
and ‘0’ in much of Europe including some but not all exchanges in Kosovo). In the case
of international phone numbers, the city/geographic code directly follows the National
Destination Code (NDC) assigned to that country.
Although the International Telecommunication Union’s Standardization Bureau (ITU-T)
has attempted to promote common standards around the world, numbering plans,
developed over many years on the basis of domestic or regional resources and needs,
assume different formats in different parts of the world. For example, the ITU
recommends that member states adopt ‘00’ as their international access code.
However, these recommendations are not binding on member states, and many
numbering plans, such as those participating in the North American Numbering Plan
and Kosovo, do not conform.
As discussed earlier, the international numbering plan establishes specific country
prefixes, NDCs which denote nations or groups of nations. ITU Recommendation E.164
regulates NDCs. However, as noted, beyond assignment of its NDC each country is
free to define the numbering within its own network space. As a result, regional
city/geographic codes may have any number of variations.
Areas where regional city/geographic codes must be dialed as part of the subscriber
number (regardless of whether dialing in or out of the local exchange network) are
known as a “closed” subscriber plan. An “open” dialing plan by contrast is one in which
there are different dialing arrangements for local and long distance telephone calls. This
means that to call another number within the same city or area, callers need only dial
3
the number, but for calls outside the area, a city/geographic code is required. Kosovo
has such a plan.
In order to expand available numbers within a region without disrupting current
numbers, with new digital switch technology it is becoming increasingly common (e.g.,
in heavily populated parts of North America such as New York City and Los Angeles) to
allow “overlays” where new numbers are issued under a different city/geographic code
within the same local exchange. In these areas where a new city/geographic code
overlays an older city/geographic code, dialing 1 + city/geographic code is now required
even for local calls, which means that the system within the United States is now closed
in certain areas and open in others.
Dialing from mobile phones is different in that the city/geographic code is always
necessary, but not the trunk code; this is true regardless of the phone's city/geographic
code.
Open and closed dialing plans should not be confused with open and closed numbering
plans. A closed numbering plan, such as found in North America, features fixed length
city/geographic codes and local numbers. An open numbering plan, as found in
assorted countries that have not yet standardized their national significant numbers
(NSN) including Kosovo, involves variable length of the city/geographic code or local
number, or both. Closed dialing plans are rare where numbering plans are open.
A closed numbering plan is one in which the subscriber's number is a standard length,
and a closed dialing plan is one in which the subscriber's number is used for all calls,
even in the same area. This has traditionally been the case in small countries and
territories where city/geographic codes have not been required. However, many
countries exhibit a trend towards making all numbers a standard length, and
incorporating the city/geographic code into the subscriber's number. This usually makes
the use of a trunk code obsolete.
While the use of full national dialing is less user-friendly than using only a local number
without the city/geographic code, the increased use of mobile phones, which require full
national dialing and can store numbers, means that this is of decreasing importance. It
also makes easier to display numbers in the international format.
2.2
Evolving Numbering Policy
Fundamentally it is important to note that numbering is, while not per se a ‘finite’
resource – by adding digits the number of subscriber numbers can be successively
increased by factors of ten – such increases involve a substantial cost of both initial
development and implementation, as well as in making any changes to the system.
Even allowing for the use of asynchronous / IP-based switches (“soft switches”) that
may be reconfigured far more easily than analog switches requiring modification of the
physical design or even characteristics of the switch, renumbering still carries a cost in
4
requiring changes such as a re-education in dialing practices within the country, as well
as the need to address dialing and directory information worldwide.
Numbering schemes have received new emphasis in the past fifteen years (since the
introduction of the facsimile machine and the modem) due to the recognized need for
available numbering blocks for these and any number of new information technology
and telecommunications applications, including ready connectivity to emergency
services. A complex set of rules that attempt to guide numbering policy has begun to
evolve a national level, through local regulatory, industry or public action/interest, or
more formally within the EU by the European Commission of Telecommunications
Regulatory Authorities (ECTRA), as well as the European Radiocommunication Office
(ERO)
There is an overall framework established by the ITU with regard to a range of
numbering issues having a global impact, from the allocation of country codes to the
maximum length of telephone numbers and the introduction of global numbers for
services such as global free-phone (based on the 800 number).
A review is currently underway as to how the world telephony numbering plan might
evolve to meet the demand. In particular, both Governments and operators are pushing
for country codes to be allocated not only to new states, but also to specific types of
service (for example, satellite-based personal communications services - where each
system operator has requested the allocation of a country code for global access), and
even to specific networks or network operators . With only 85 country codes remaining,
the limits of the current global numbering plan are becoming apparent.
At the national level, numbering plans have been traditionally been owned and
managed by the incumbent telecommunications organization—very often a state-run
Post, transportation and telecommunications enterprise (PTT) or a legacy entity as in
the case of PTK in Kosovo. Those companies allocated the dialing codes for particular
cities or particular services (e.g. mobile or paging systems), the individual numbers for
their customers and, where they existed, the numbers used by their competitors. Such
national numbering schemes can vary greatly between ITU member States, but conform
to general rules established at a global level under the auspices of the ITU.
5
2.3
Current EU Positions
The current EU framework clearly assigns the rights relating to national numbering
plans to the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) such as TRA. However, beyond that
it provides little guidance for the actual construction of numbering systems for the
premium rate services (PRS) that are the key operational and revenue generating
element of any telecommunications organization and the most critical for a nation’s
economy. The Annex to the Authorization Directive sets out that the NRAs may
designate the type of service to be used and attach requirements to it.
Numbering ranges have also been used to indicate different price levels for PRS
services, sometimes in combination with categories of content. Although the new
framework makes no specific reference to the use of number ranges in this way, there is
little reason to question whether this practice is in conformity with the Framework.
Finally the Framework Directive allows the harmonization of numbering plans when
necessary to support pan-European services, but so far there has been no such
harmonization for pan-European PRS numbers. As a result, TRA should consider itself
empowered to manage numbering Kosovo’s numbering resources with an eye towards
finding its own optimal model, one that provides the most economic benefit at the least
expense
2.4
Non-Geographic Numbers – ETNS
The European Telephony Numbering Space (ETNS) is a European numbering space
parallel to existing national numbering spaces, and is intended to provide a
standardized scheme used for the provisioning of a standardized numbering scheme
throughout the EU. The main objective of the ETNS is to allow effective numbering for
European international services for which national numbers may not be adequate and
global numbers may not be available. International code ‘3883’ was assigned by ITU-T
to 24 European countries in March 2000.
Four ETNS services are now available: Public Service Application, Customer Service
Application, Corporate Networks, and Personal Numbering. A European Service
Identification (ESI) code has been designated for each ETNS service. The one-digit
code follows the European NDC 388 and European Service Code 3 (3883):
ETNS Service
ESI
Public Service Application (PSA)
3883 1
Customer Service Application (CSA) 3883 3
Corporate Network (CN)
3883 5
Personal Numbering (Personal)
3883 7
6
The ETNS Numbering Scheme is as follows:
International number
or range
Usage of international number or range
Additional network
information
+388
Proper
+388 3XXXXXXXXXX
geographic; European Telephony Numbering Space
+388 31XXX
shared cost; European Telephony Numbering Space
+388 33XXXXXXX
shared cost; European Telephony Numbering Space
+388 35XXXXXXXXX
virtual private network; European Telephony
Numbering Space
+388 37XXXXXXXXX
personal; European Telephony Numbering Space
+388 3780000XXXX
voipGATE S.A.
+388 3790000XXXX
voipGATE S.A.
+388 3790100XXXX
voipGATE S.A.
Article 28 of the Universal Service Directive requires Member States to ensure access
to non-geographic numbers "where technically and economically feasible". Since PRS
numbers are non-geographic numbers in the national numbering plans, this requirement
clearly applies. However, technical and economic feasibility appears so far to have been
judged insufficient for practical implementation, and as yet there is no national
environment where non-geographic numbers assigned in this manner have led to any
specific action or enabled cross-border traffic.
Article 27 of the Universal Service Directive likewise requires Member States to ensure
that all public telephony operators can handle calls to the European telephony
numbering space, as virtually all including Kosovo do under their legacy numbering
plans. This has raised the question whether ETNS could be used for PRS. A UK
association, Network for Online Commerce (NOC), has launched a formal request for
the use of ETNS numbers for pan-European PRS. However, this request was rejected
in 2004 by the Numbering, Naming and Addressing Working Group (NNA WG) of the
Electronic Communications Committee of CEPT, which acts as ETNS Administrator.
The main reasons for this decision were lack of fraud prevention mechanisms and
consumer protection issues, particularly price transparency.
ETNS therefore has not provided a solution for pan-European PRS in that particular
case, nor will it likely supersede any current geographic numbering schemes now in
effect in any specific country or region within Europe. Under the current situation in
Kosovo, to be discussed below, TRA therefore need not feel obliged for the foreseeable
future to impose or even advocate such a plan in comparison to development and
7
management of its current geographic numbering scheme appropriate to the current
state of technology and based on practical in-country objectives such as the immediate
needs of Kosovo’s own economy and citizens. However, national regulators that
participated in the NNA WG decision do not rule out that the decision could be reversed
if consumer protection and fraud prevention mechanisms were sufficiently improved,
which may be the case in Kosovo as current-generation technologies are being
implemented. At this point it may be worthwhile for Kosovo to revisit the ETNS issue,
based on its current technology expansion and economic drivers.
8
3.
THE CURRENT NUMBERING SITUATION IN KOSOVO
3.1
Key Issues
Essentially, numbering in Kosovo has remained ‘frozen in time’ to an earlier era when
Kosovo as a province of the former Yugoslavia and PTK was an arm of the Yugoslav
PTT. The Kosovo fixed-line network (APPENDIX A), which PTK now attempts to
manage and TRA will prospectively regulate as an independent system, is almost
entirely a legacy of that era. It has been fifteen years since PTK has formally updated
its numbering plan, which remains in effect to this day (APPENDIX B).
PTK essentially retains exclusive control of Kosovo’s numbering resources, in that PTK
and its wholly owned mobile subsidiary Vala 900 control Kosovo’s 4,000,000 current
fixed-line and 1,000,000 mobile subscriber numbers. Both are tracked through a
proprietary database maintained internally by PTK. PTK’s TRA license, available on
their web site, does not mention specific numbers or specific availability thereof, and
even the non-public utilization reports PTK provides directly to TRA do not provide any
more information than total subscriber percentages for the seven city/region codes
within Kosovo.
3.2
Technical Concerns
As in many other countries, the public telephone network in Kosovo has evolved over
many years using technology which has ranged from simple manual exchanges to
modern digital systems. Various generations of switched equipment operated by PTK
when it was a state-owned PTT will continue to provide service during the upcoming
period of network modernization.
The large majority of codes and numbers in the existing numbering plan are used for
conventional (analog) telephone service, identifying fixed network termination points on
customers’ premises. The remainder of officially-known and recognized numbering
blocks is assigned to Vala 900. For example, even PTK’s own ISP subsidiary DardaNet
which holds an individual license from the TRA and essentially provides dialup services
only does not have specific numbering blocks associated with it as identified on the
license itself. Other established ISPs recognized by TRA such as Kujtesa and iPKONET
which offer more current generation broadband technology certainly have no access at
all to such numbering blocks that would enable them to offer voice services.
In Kosovo, as with most other nations worldwide to date, the numbering plan was
developed when the public switched telephone networks used step-by-step exchanges,
analog transmission systems, and primitive signaling schemes. These networks
contained a relatively large quantity of exchanges, ranging from a few hundred to about
ten thousand lines. Even the smallest exchanges could handle local calls
independently.
9
Modern digital exchanges with soft switch technology, some capable of serving 100,000
lines or more, have centralized central (trunk) switch control systems which act as hosts
to subscriber line concentrator subsystems (either co-located or remote). Concentrators
typically serve up to one thousand lines but in normal operation all calls (including those
between users connected to the same concentrator) are routed via the host control
center. Several concentrators may be grouped in clusters to provide more capacity
where required, but all are controlled from the host exchange. The current PTK
switched network system upgrade anticipates the implementation of such technology in
the future. This should further facilitate the provision of new subscriber lines and
services, and may also offer such features as number portability not currently available
in Kosovo.
One effect of network developments in other countries has been to encourage the
introduction of linked numbering schemes in which one shorter city/geographic code is
used to serve several communities that previously had longer codes of their own.
Linked numbering schemes also reduce the need for national dialing by extending the
range of local-number dialing. These schemes also reduce the incidence of wrong
numbers by removing the ambiguities that arise when codes of different length have the
same values in the first one or two digits. This makes it difficult for callers to decide
when calls can be made using only the local number and when national dialing with the
prefix (0) must be used. Grouping smaller areas behind a two-digit code would allow
local dialing throughout the area, but may affect distance dependent charges. Any new
numbering plan developed in Kosovo consistent with technological upgrades should
avoid such ambiguities.
The TRA is required to maintain and publish the national numbering plan showing
current and planned future use of all designated codes and number ranges. The
numbering plan database—now privately maintained by PTK—would record (as no
doubt it does now) the status of all codes and number blocks as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
FREE - not in use and available for allocation
RESERVED - pending allocation (details withheld if commercially sensitive)
ALLOCATED - showing the entity to which allocated, service, and date
PROTECTED - temporarily or permanently not available for service
UNUSABLE - due to system constraints or risk of misdialing
10
3.3
Status Issues
An important aspect of TRA’s development as a regulatory agency involves its
participation in and receptiveness from the European and international community in the
area of numbering. As noted below, there is a strong need for TRA to build recognition
here to be able to full develop and control its own numbering resources.
3.3.1 Assignment of a Kosovo National Destination Code: An important critical
matter from the standpoint Kosovo autonomy and national pride is the assignment of a
unique NDC for international dialing access. Currently Kosovo’s fixed networks are
accessed using “borrowed” prefixes. 381, the code for Serbia-Montenegro, is employed
for fixed-line services, while Vala 900 employs Monaco’s prefix of 377. A certain amount
of both direct cost and lost domestic revenue opportunities are incurred through the use
of out-of-region numbers.
As early as the start of 2006 ITU’s ITU-T formally rejected Kosovo’s application for a
unique national numbering prefix, also known as a national destination code (NDC) from
among the 85 unassigned NDCs still available. Although some practical argument could
be made regarding the need to preserve the pool of international dialing codes until
Kosovo's status has been fully recognized, this is essentially a political issue —i.e.,
confirmation of Kosovo’s status as an independent nation or its formal inclusion as part
of a larger political entity.
3.3.2 International Activities: The relevant ITU-T Recommendations potentially
affecting the numbering situation in Kosovo include (but are not limited to) the following,
with additional recommendations that could be considered at any time by the ITU-T:
•
•
•
E.160
Definitions relating to national and international numbering plans.
E.161
Arrangements of figures, letters, and symbols on telephones and
other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network.
E.163
Numbering plans for international telephone service.
It would be of benefit for Kosovo, through the TRA, to participate in the activities of ITUT, as well as the activities of the Conférence Européenne des Administrations des
Postes et des Télécommunications (CEPT) and the European Technical Standards
Institute (ETSI).
11
3.4
Legacy Numbering Plans
As noted previously and as detailed in Appendix B. Kosovo has a closed numbering
system requiring a trunk code, with two different 8+1 NSN patterns, consisting of a 2 or
3 digit city/region code and 2/3 or 3/3 subscriber number patterns based on the specific
exchange, i.e.:
XXX-(0)YYY-ZZ-ZZZ or XXX-(0)YY-ZZZ-ZZZ
• Where X represents the three Digit NDC
• Where Y represents the 2-3 Digit City/Region Code (+0 for some in-country
numbers)
• Where Z represents the 5-6 Digit Subscriber Number
The International Access Prefix is ‘99,’ in contrast to the more common (though by no
means universal) ‘00.’
For lack of an independent NDC, Kosovo has effectively been able to derive the benefit
of the excess capacity within other European numbering plans. While this has not yet
presented a saturation issue due to the relative abundance of numbers available from
these ‘borrowed’ prefixes, this situation has had the effect of limiting in-country
telecommunications infrastructure development due to the inherent dependency out-ofcountry sources for this resource.
3.4.1 Fixed Network Numbering: As discussed above, PTK currently has a capacity
of 4,000,000 subscriber numbers. These are distributed geographically in the seven
major city/region areas of Kosovo. As of the third quarter of 2005 utilization was
reported as follows:
Prishtina
Mitrovica
Prizreni
Peja
Gjilan
Ferizaj
Gjakova
4.7%
1.4%
1.1%
1.0%
1.3%
7.9%
1.0%
How these numbers are assigned and/or held in reserve remains proprietary to PTK,
which internally tracks utilization figures by city/region block along with outage
restoration response times and percentage utilization per block.
3.4.2 Mobile Numbering: Mobile numbering is more consistent in comparison to fixed
networks, with XXX-(0)YY-ZZZ-ZZZ being the standard pattern, and ‘44’ replacing the
two-digit city/region code on all numbers.
Vala 900 reported that only 38.5% of 1,000,000 potential numbers are currently utilized,
with only three of ten blocks 100% utilized. Numbering blocks above 800-000 are used
12
as secondary numbers for fax and data linked to primary mobile numbers. Even
allowing for this and anticipating a significant and growing use of mobile phones by the
population, there is no immediate scarcity problem within mobile numbering any more
than in the case of fixed-line numbering.
3.4.3 IP-Based Numbering: The availability of IP services through, iPKONET,
Kujtesa, and even PTK itself is expected to increasingly facilitate the availability of
voice-over-Internet-protocol (VoIP) services as a strong competitor for traditional
switched network services. Many Internet Centers/Cafés are offering VoIP services
directly on-premises as well as through direct hardwire connections to adjacent
residences and businesses – in effect a “micro” competitive local exchange carrier
(CLEC) delivery model.
While PTK’s DardaNet has thus far stayed almost entirely with dialup (modem and DSL)
type services using its secondary numbers rather than provide broadband services such
as VoIP, it is a more than reasonable assumption that other ISPs are doing so on one
basis or another, perhaps using Skype which does not require numbering resources.
There is no clear pattern as to how these entities handle numbering in an attempt to
replicate fixed-type services as is done by Vonage in the US and other providers, but for
lack of access to PTK numbering blocks, it is not unreasonable that some of these
entities are either developing their own ‘unofficial’ numbering plans or else ‘cloning’
without authorization presumably unused numbers from PTK’s blocks.
3.5
Emergency Numbering
As in the United States, UK and the rest of the EU, an overarching regulatory concern
relating to fixed-network service, particularly where IP-based services are coming into
play, is the need for emergency service direct access numbering (1-1-1-, 9-1-1, 2-1-1,
etc.). In the case of Kosovo, special emergency service access codes are available, but
fragmented, with 112 being police, 93 being fire, and 94 being ambulance services. As
Kosovo society evolves, the welfare of the citizenry mandates the availability of a single
emergency access number.
However, the issue of IP-based emergency numbering is still evolving, even in the US,
where Vonage has been working with the Federal Communications Commission on
emergency numbering after some well-publicized cases where 9-1-1 VoIP access was
unavailable during an emergency. Currently government agencies around the world,
such as the U.S. Department of Transportation, are beginning to explore how “next
generation” IP and mobile emergency numbering can be addressed, but even here
there is no complete resolution. For Kosovo, however, consideration of this issue should
be deferred until a single emergency code and integrated public safety answering points
(PSAP) to support it are established.
13
3.6
Demographics
Given the displacement and upheaval that occurred during the war period of the late
1990’s, it has been difficult to estimate the subscriber base within Kosovo or within any
particular city or region with any great degree of precision. The OSCE Municipal Profile
of Pristina, published annually since 2000 and available on the Internet, has regularly
maintained that the population of Pristina is more than 500,000, based on an estimate
first made under chaotic conditions in 2000.
In 2003, the UNMIK Directorate of Civil Protection and Emergency conducted an
assessment of the inhabitants of each of the 36 sub-municipal units of Pristina
municipality. Teams went from house to house completing 'family cards', recording
basic information on each household member. A total of 28,275 households and
161,749 inhabitants were identified through that exercise. The Directorate believed it
had covered some 70-80 percent of all households, yielding an estimated population of
about 231,070 inhabitants.
The figures given by the Directorate are not the only administrative data that can be
used to estimate the urban population. In 2004, there were 34,634 households
connected to the Pristina water supply. Using the Directorate of Emergency's figure of
5.7 members per average household, this suggests that 197,000 people are connected
to water in the city. Allowing for a certain percentage of illegal connections, this would
yield an urban population of somewhat above 200,000.
A second central assumption of the 2020 Strategy, related to the first, is that net
immigration is likely to average 6,400 persons per year in the coming decade. This, in
addition to natural growth, would yield a likely population by 2020 of 650,000. The
analysis of the socio-economic situation needs to be grounded in real research. A city
that today has perhaps 220,000 inhabitants, and might grow to 250,000 inhabitants by
2020, has very different infrastructure and investment needs from a city of 650,000.
It is worth recalling as detailed above that PTK reports that only 2.7% of an overall
4,000,000 potential switched network numbers are utilized throughout Kosovo, with no
more than 13.7% saturation in even the heaviest use region (not Prishtina), and 38.5%
utilization of current numbering capacity. PTK staff interviewed informally predicted that
given current fixed network numbering block utilization as opposed to mobile and VoIP
subscription the current numbering plan, was adequate for at least 20 years if not
indefinitely within Kosovo. Thereby, number saturation per se is not a near term
significant issue, certainly as compared to other key problems identified in this
document. Even the more saturated used mobile services have substantial growth
capacity within the currently existing ‘44’ numbering scheme.
14
3.7
Follow-On Numbering Plans
In light of the discussion above, two separate documents have been prepared which
should assist the TRA developing a regulatory framework for numbering, the first
document, provided APPENDIX C presents a Numbering Agreement template which
takes into account the current state of technology and policy development and is
designed to ensure efficient and equitable use of the current numbering resources
within Kosovo, with the potential to be fully compatible with more comprehensive
developments as discussed previously. The schemes contemplated in the draft TRA
Numbering Plan or developments discussed in the remainder of this report.
Additionally, a more comprehensive Draft Numbering Plan, provided as APPENDIX D,
anticipates an environment after establishment of TRA’s authority as a regulatory entity
after which it is reasonable to assume it will be in a position to directly influence through
either the publication of requirements/standards or through a collaborative process with
industry. Commensurate to that level of influence it is likewise anticipated that TRA will
have regular access to detailed information regarding planned technical modifications of
the infrastructure designed to accommodate numbering. Finally, this scheme anticipates
the eventual assignment of a unique NDC to Kosovo.
15
4.
FINDINGS
1.
Even given the estimates of rapid population growth estimates for Prishtina and
the rest of Kosovo number saturation is not likely to be a near-term issue for either PTK
fixed-line or Vala 900, the current incumbents, nor is it likely to be for new entrants.
2.
Currently PTK and Vala 900 maintain sole control over all available numbering
resources (i.e., unused numbers) within Kosovo, including fixed line numbers in the
millions and mobile numbers in the hundreds of thousands.
3.
It is important that TRA, rather than PTK, be empowered to assume control of the
availability and allocation of numbering blocks to all current or potential licensed service
providers on an equal, transparent and non-discriminatory basis.
4.
Ongoing soft-switch implementation is likely to make wholesale number
conversion (e.g., to a more standardized regional, European or international scheme)
relatively simple once a NDC for Kosovo is granted; likewise it will offer potential for
number portability and other advanced telecommunications features and services not
currently possible in Kosovo.
5.
VoIP and mobile services are likely to provide strong competition to, or even
overtake, traditional switched network services in terms of customer base, alleviating
pressure for PSTN development but also further complicating the issue of emergency
service access
6.
Within the current PSTN numbering plan, the biggest technical problem is the
inconsistency by geographic region between subscriber numbers, although phone
numbers use the same number digits so this problem is largely user-transparent.
7.
While numbering for the PSTN does not present significant new direct revenue
opportunities for TRA, the availability of numbering blocks for new market entrants will
ensure the availability of both licensure revenue for the TRA and new revenuegenerating consumer activities.
8.
While the continuity of PTK operations and maintenance of the system has
provided some stability over the past couple of decades, as new market entrants appear
it will be essential that they have access to the numbering scheme in order to ensure
that they are able to legitimately develop as properly licensed entities in Kosovo.
16
5.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1.
TRA, with the support of UNMIK, telecommunications industry participants, the
public and the European community should continue to advocate that ITU-T issue an
individual numbering plan containing a separate NDC for Kosovo. After receipt of that
code, and with additional support from future soft-switch and IP-based implementations,
Kosovo should transition to a single national prefix for fixed, mobile, and IP based
services
2.
Concurrently with the current progress of system upgrades to accommodate
changes, the TRA in consultation with industry stakeholders should develop a National
Numbering Agreement in accordance with the attached template (APPENDIX C) to
ensure that any future Regional Numbering Plans to be adopted within Kosovo will
ensure or support evolution towards:
a) Sufficient capacity to meet growth of telephone services in each country, taking
into account the characteristics of available technologies, the forecast growth of
population, the geographic distribution of demand and the prospect of increasing
penetration, particularly in the more dynamic business communities.
b) Designated capacity for the introduction of services which may be new to Kosovo
but have been proved to be commercially successful in other countries.
c) Spare capacity in the form of codes and number ranges which are not associated
with the services in a) or b) above, and are therefore potentially suitable for brand
new services.
d) A consistent NSN pattern to facilitate callers being able to reliably determine the
nature of the service and likely charge, and for network operators to be able to
route calls efficiently. (either XXX-(0) YYY-ZZ-ZZZ or XXX-(0) YY-ZZZ-ZZZ).
e) Neutrality in a liberalized environment where multiple operators are competing to
provide service to existing and new customers.
f) Suitability for independent administration, including publication of the status of all
codes and blocks of numbers, together with the procedures for obtaining
capacity.
3.
A national emergency numbering system should be developed and implemented
for all types of users, with integrated PSAPs to route calls to fire, police and emergency
medical services (EMS) in lieu of separate numbers and separate dispatch staff and
facilities for each.
4.
The TRA should be prepared to assume responsibility for co-coordinating any
work on standards relating to numbering, and be prepared to act as an interface with
ITU-T on international numbering matters.
17
5.
A unified national numbering scheme (e.g., a 10+ digit scheme such as the North
American and a number of European numbering plans, or an 11 digit scheme
compatible with ETNS) could be considered as a long-term objective, but only after the
above issues have been addressed.
18
APPENDIX A – KOSOVO PSTN SWITCHING
The Following map shows the existing situation of switching systems in Kosovo.
A-1
APPENDIX B – CURRENT KOSOVO NUMBERING PLAN
1. Prishtina (City/Region Code - 038)
Location
Exchange Class
Exchange
Type
International
CC (E.164)
International
number
notation
format (E.123)
National
number
notation
format
(E.123)
Numbering
blocks
PRISHTINA/Dardani
TRANSIT/LOCAL
(Tr/L.E)
EWSD
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
500 000 5xx xxx
BARDHOSH
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
515 000 515 999
KODRA E DIELLIT
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
510 000 512 999
TASLIXHE
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
516 000 518 999
SHKABAJ
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
563 000 563 999
AJVALI
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
564 000 564 999
LLUZHAN
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
575 000 575 999
SHTIME
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
KOMORAN
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
589 000 589 999
590 000 –
590 999
587 000 587 999
JANJEVA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
567 000 567 999
SLLATINA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
566 000 566 999
MAGURA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
588 000 588 999
MILLOSHEVA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
565 000 565 999
KASTRIOT
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
560 000 562 999
LYPJAN
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
581 000 582 999
BESIANA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
570 000 573 999
B- 1
MALISHEVA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
569 000 569 999
ARTANA
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
576 000 576 999
DRENASI
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
584000
585999
PRISHTINA/Iliri
TRANSIT/LOCAL
(Tr/L.E)
EWSD
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
220 000 249 999
BABIMOVC
TERMINAL (T.E.)
SI
2000/214
381
+381 38 XXXXX
038
XXXXX
87 500 - 87
911
n/a
GRA_ANICA
NODE (N.E.)
SI
2000/224
381
+381 38 XXXXX
038
XXXXX
83 000 - 84
999
GUSHTERICA
TERMINAL(T.E.)
OMNI-G
381
+381 38 XXXXX
038
XXXXX
86 000 - 86
999
F.KOSOVA
TERMINAL(T.E.)
DKTS 23
381
+381 38 XXXXX
038
XXXXX
534000
539999
LEPINA
TERMINAL(T.E.)
OMNI-G
381
+381 38 XXXXX
038
XXXXX
89 000 - 89
999
Aeroporti
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
594 000 –
594999
Maticani
DLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
258 000 –
259999
Kashagia
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
254 000 –
257999
Kodra e trimave
RDLU
381
+381 38 XXXXXX
038
XXXXXX
250 000 –
253999
2. Mitrovica (028)
Exchange Class
Exchange
Type
International
CC (E.164)
Internationa
l nr notation
format
(E.123)
National
notation
(E.123)
MITROVICA
MAIN (M.E.)
AXE 10
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
33 000 - 39
999
MITROVICA
LOCAL (L.E.)
ARF 102
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
20 000
29999
VUSHTRRI
NODE (N.E.)
DKTS 23
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
71 000 - 73
999
B- 2
number
format
Numbering
blocks
Location
-
-
–
SKENDERA
J
NODE (N.E.)
ARF 102/4
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
82 000 - 82
699
LEPOSAVIQ
NODE (N.E.)
SI
2000/224
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
83 000 - 85
000
LESHAK
TERMINAL (T.E.)
SI
2000/224
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
88 000 - 88
999
n/a
SOQANICA
TERMINAL (T.E.)
SI
2000/224
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
86 000 - 86
999
n/a
Z.POTOK
RSS - AXE 10
Remote Unit
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
60 000 - 60
999
ZHITKOVC
RSS - AXE 10
Remote
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
62 000 - 62
999
PRILLUZHA
RSS - AXE 10
Remote Unit
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
67 000 - 67
999
BANJSKA
RSS - AXE 10
Remote Unit
381
+381
XXXXX
28
028 XXXXX
69 000 - 69
299
3. Peja (City/Region Code - 039)
Location
Exchange
Class
Exchange
Type
International
CC (E.164)
International
number
notation
format (E.123)
National
number
notation
format (E.123)
Numbering
blocks
PEJA
MAIN (M.E.)
M 10CN
381
+381 39XXXXX
039 XXXXX
30 000 – 34
999
PEJA
LOCAL (L.E.)
ARF 102
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
20 000 – 29
999
BAJA E PEJES
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
SI2000/214
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
66 000 – 66
999
GORAZHDEC
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
SI 2000/214
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
67 200 - 67
912
KLINA
NODE (N.E.)
SI2000/224
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
70 000 – 71
199
BUDISALC
TERMINAL(T.E.)
DKTS 22
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
B- 3
BURIM
NODE (NE.)
ARK 335
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
51 000 - 51
999
GJURAKOVC –
Out of order
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
ARK 5314
381
+381 39 XXXXX
039 XXXXX
56 000 - 56
179
4. Gjakova (City/Region Code - 0390)
Location
Exchange
Class
Exchange
Type
International CC
(E.164)
International
notation
(E.123)
nr
format
National
notation
(E.123)
number
format
Numbering
blocks
GJAKOVA
MAIN (M.E.)
M 10CN
381
+381 390XXXXX
0390 XXXXX
20 000 – 29
999
DECAN
NODE (N.E.)
ARF 102/4
381
+381 390XXXXX
0390 XXXXX
61 000 – 61
999
5. Prizreni (City/Region Code - 029)
Location
Exchange
Class
Exchange
Type
International
CC (E.164)
notation
format
(E.123)
National number
notation format
(E.123)
Numbering
blocks
PRIZREN
LOCAL
(L.E.)
M 10CN
381
+381 29XXXXX
029 XXXXX
41 000 – 45
999
PRIZREN
LOCAL
(L.E.)
ARF 50
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
22 000 – 26
999
PRIZREN
LOCAL
(L.E.)
ARF 102
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
30 000 – 34
999
RAHOVEC
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
ARF 102/4
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
76 000 – 77
999
MAMUSHA
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
SI 2000/214
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
73 000 - 73
336
MUSHITISHT
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
ARK 522A
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
75 100 – 75
299
BROD
NODE (NE.)
ARK 314
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
85 100 - 85
279
B- 4
DRAGASH
NODE (NE.)
ARK 335
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
81 000 - 81
999
THERANDA
NODE (NE.)
SI2000/224
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
71 000 - 72
119
KRUSHA
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
ARK 522A
381
+381 29 XXXXX
029 XXXXX
79 000 - 79
199
6. Ferizaj (City/Region Code - 0290)
Location
Exchange
Class
Exchange
Type
International
CC (E.164)
notation
format
(E.123)
National number
notation format
(E.123)
Numbering
blocks
FERIZAJ
LOCAL
(L.E.)
ARF 102
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
20 000 – 28
999
BABUSH –Out
of order
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
I 500/1000A
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
65 000 – 65
575
NERODIME
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
ARF 102
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
75 000 - 75
449
SHTERPC
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
ETC 960
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
70 000 – 71
999
n/a
DOGANAJ
TERMINAL
(TE.)
ARK 314
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
81 700 - 81
879
NIKAJ
TERMINAL
(T.E.)
SI 2000/224
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
84 000 - 84
299
KACANIK
NODE (NE.)
ARK 335
381
+381 290XXXXX
0290 XXXXX
80 000 - 80
999
7. Gjilan (City/Region Code - 0280)
GJILAN
MAIN (M.E.)
M 10CN
381
+381 280 XXXXX
0280 XXXXX
20 000 – 29
999
DARDANA
NODE (N.E.)
SI2000/224
381
+381 280 XXXXX
0280 XXXXX
70 000 – 72
999
VITI
NODE (N.E.)
SI2000/224
381
+381 280 XXXXX
0280 XXXXX
80 000 – 81
999
KLLOKOT
TERMINAL (T.E.)
SI2000/224
381
+381 280 XXXXX
0280 XXXXX
85 000 – 85
999
B- 5
RANILLUG
TERMINAL (TE.)
ARF 102
381
+381 280 XXXXX
0280 XXXXX
8. Short numbers
•
92 Police
•
93 Fire Department
•
94 Emergency call
•
95 Time information's
•
977 Failure registrations
•
988 Information's about subscribers telephone number
9. Mobile Numbering Blocks
Vala 900 has utilization 1,000,000 potential numbers as detailed below.
B- 6
75 000 - 75
999
n/a
APPENDIX C: DRAFT KOSOVO NUMBERING AGREEMENT
This agreement as enacted as Regulation No. 2006/[xx] governs the establishment of
authority by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority concerning conditions and
the procedures for numbering in the territory of Kosovo as established through the
Provisional Institutions of Self Government and in coordination with the United Nations
Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK).
1.
Basis and Purpose
The following regulations are promulgated pursuant to Regulation No. 2003/16, “On the
promulgation of a Law adopted by the Assembly of Kosovo on Telecommunications”,
dated 12 May 2003 pursuant to the 1999 Telecommunications Law concerning a
national plan for allocating telephone numbers among telecommunications providers.
2.
Title and Commencement
2.1
These regulations may be cited as the Telecommunications Numbering
Regulations.
2.2
These regulations shall be deemed to come into force on the [xxx ] day of [xx]
2006.
3.
Definitions
3.1
Terms defined in the Act shall have the same meaning under these regulations.
For the purposes of these regulations, the following definitions shall also apply.
Kosovo Numbering Plan means the numbering plan for the geographic of Kosovo as
administered by the TRA in coordination with the provisional government and UNMIK.
Kosovo Numbering Plan Administrator (KNPA) refers to the entity or entities
responsible for managing the Kosovo Numbering Plan.
4.
General Requirements
4.1
The TRA is hereby designated to act as the administrator of Kosovo Numbering
Plan.
4.2
Consistent with the principles set forth in section 3 of the Act, and to ensure that
telecommunications numbers are made available on an equitable basis, the TRA shall
coordinate with the KNPA in order to:
5.
(a)
Facilitate entry into the telecommunications marketplace by making
telecommunications numbering resources available on an efficient, timely
basis to telecommunications providers;
(b)
not unduly favor or disfavor any particular telecommunications industry
segment or group of telecommunications consumers; and
(c)
not unduly favor one telecommunications technology over another.
Administration by TRA
C-1
5.1
The TRA may, if it determines that to do so would facilitate the interoperation of
[insert country name] telecommunications networks:
(a)
administer databases or information, administrative or operational systems
related to the functioning of telecommunications networks, or
(b)
Administer numbering resources used in the functioning of
telecommunications networks, including the portion of the Kosovo Number
Plan resources that relates to its autonomous telecommunications
networks.
5.2
The TRA may determine any matter and make any order with respect to the
databases, information, administrative or operational systems or numbering resources.
5.3
The TRA may assign a member to any committee or advisory board to provide
advice and recommendations on numbering issues.
6.
Kosovo Numbering Plan
The national plan for allocating numbers among telecommunications providers shall be
consistent with the numbering plan established originally by PTK under the 1991
Yugoslav plan an subject to technological and operational changes.
7.
Kosovo Numbering Plan Administrator.
7.1
The TRA shall discharge its duties as with respect to the administration of
Kosovo Numbering Plan in an independent and impartial manner.
7.2
Those duties shall include, but are not limited to:
(a)
Ensuring that the interests of all EU member countries and the rest of the
international community are considered;
(b)
Processing number assignment applications associated with, but not
limited to: city/geographic codes carrier identification codes; central office
codes, Signaling System network codes, and Automatic Number
Identification Integration Integers (ANI II);
(c)
Assigning the numbers and codes described in paragraph (b) of this
section;
(d)
Maintaining and monitoring administrative number databases;
(e)
Assuming additional telecommunications number administration activities,
as assigned; and
(f)
Ensuring that any action taken with respect to number administration is
consistent with this part.
7.3
The TRA shall take the recommendations of the Ministry of Transport and
Communications, industry stakeholders, and UNMIK into account in discharging its
duties under these regulations.
C-2
8.
Application Requirements
8.1
All telecommunications providers must submit any request or application for
number assignment to the TRA for review at least 30 days prior to filing such request or
application to the Kosovo Numbering Plan Administrator.
8.2
If regulatory certification is required, the applicant must be able to demonstrate
that regulatory authorization has been obtained for the area where the code is to be
utilized.
9.
Central Office Codes
9.1
Central Office Code administration shall be performed by the KNPA or any other
entity or entities designated by TRA.
9.2
To the extent that any telecommunications provider allocates central office codes
to another telecommunications provider, such allocation must be made in a nondiscriminatory fashion, taking into consideration technical and other factors.
9.3
A telecommunications provider that allocates central office codes to another
telecommunications provider:
(a)
shall not charge fees for the assignment or use of central office codes to
other telecommunications providers, including paging and commercial
mobile radio service providers, unless the telecommunications provider
assigning the central office code charges one uniform fee for all carriers,
including itself and its affiliates; and
(b)
shall apply identical standards and procedures for processing all central
office code assignment requests, and for assigning such codes,
regardless of the identity of the entity making the request.
9.4
The TRA shall arbitrate complaints by telecommunications providers and may
impose fines or other penalties on telecommunications providers that have been found
to discriminate in allocating numbers to independent service providers.
10.
Costs of Number Administration
10.1 All telecommunications providers in [member state] shall contribute on a
competitively neutral basis to meet the costs of establishing numbering administration.
(a)
For each telecommunications provider, such contributions shall be based
on the gross revenues from its telecommunications services.
(b)
The contributions in paragraph (a) of this section shall be based on each
contributor's gross revenues from its provision of telecommunications
services reduced by all payments for telecommunications services and
facilities that have been paid to other telecommunications providers.
C-3
11.
Warehousing and Hoarding of Numbers including Toll-Free Numbers
11.1 In order to conserve the scarce number resource, telecommunications providers,
their affiliates, and responsible agents shall not:
(a)
warehouse numbers including toll-free numbers, a process defined as
reserving numbers without having an actual subscriber for whom those
numbers are being reserved; and
(b)
hoard numbers including toll-free numbers, a process defined as obtaining
for their subscribers more numbers than the subscribers intend to use for
the provision of service.
11.2
Numbers shall not be sold by the entity acquiring them to others for a fee.
12.
Number Portability
12.1 All local exchange carriers in [insert name of country] shall provide number
portability in compliance with the following performance criteria:
(a)
supports network services, features, and capabilities existing at the time
number portability is implemented;
(b)
efficiently uses numbering resources;
(c)
does not require end users to change their telecommunications numbers;
(d)
does not result in unreasonable degradation in service quality or network
reliability when implemented;
(e)
does not result in any degradation in service quality or network reliability
when customers switch telecommunications providers;
(f)
does not result in a telecommunications provider having a proprietary
interest;
(g)
is able to migrate to location and service portability; and
(h)
has no significant adverse impact outside the areas where number
portability is deployed.
12.2 A Committee shall be established to create and implement a system of number
portability that meets the criteria in section 11.1 for Kosovo. This Committee shall be
known as the Committee on Number Portability and shall coordinate its activities with
the MTC and UNMIK.
12.3 Membership in this Committee shall include, but not be limited to, representatives
of the TRA, the incumbent telecommunications provider, and independent and
competitive telecommunications providers.
12.4 After addressing technical feasibility issues and, if necessary, conducting
workshops and technical trials, the Committee on Number Portability shall made a
recommendation to the TRA on the schedule for carriers to implement number
portability. The TRA will establish a deployment schedule based on the Committee's
recommendations.
C-4
12.5 Telecommunications providers that are unable to meet the deadline for
implementing number portability must seek an extension from the TRA, which may be
granted only after the telecommunications provider has submitted the following
information:
(a)
The facts that demonstrate why the telecommunications provider is unable
to meet the TRA's deployment schedule;
(b)
a detailed explanation of the activities the carrier has undertaken to meet
the implementation schedule prior to requesting an extension;
(c)
an identification of the particular switches for which the extension is
requested;
(d)
the time within which the telecommunications provider will complete
deployment in the affected switches; and
(e)
a proposed schedule with milestones for meeting the deployment date.
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APPENDIX D: DRAFT KOSOVO NUMBERING PLAN
KOSOVO
PROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
NUMBERING PLAN FOR
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
IN KOSOVO
Prishtina, August 2, 2006
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NUMBERING PLAN FOR
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
IN KOSOVO
Pursuant to Sections 4(4) Section 37 of the Telecommunications Law of 2002,
the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Kosovo has adopted the following
Regulation on A Numbering Plan for Telecommunication Networks in Kosovo.
1. General provisions
Article 1
(Purpose)
The purpose of the Numbering Plan for the telecommunication networks in Kosovo is to
provide:
a) efficient management of the numbering resource for the public telecommunication
networks and public telecommunication services;
b) Non-discriminatory access to the numbers, series of numbers, names and
addresses for each and every public telecommunication operator and public
telecommunication service provider.
Article 2
(Subject)
The Numbering Plan refers to the allocation and usage of numbers, series and blocks of
numbers, names and addresses for public telecommunication networks and public
telecommunication services.
Article 3
(Definitions and abbreviations)
Terms used in this Regulation from the telecommunications Law shall have the meaning
ascribed to them therein.
In addition, the following expressions and abbreviations are used in the text with the
following meaning:
•
•
•
Numbering Plan denotes a structure of numbers, series of numbers, names and
addresses and a schedule of their utilization in providing access to public
telecommunication networks and/or public telecommunication services.
Series of number denoted continual sequence of numbers of a certain length.
“End User” denotes one or more legal or natural persons that have entered into a
contract for access to public telecommunication networks and public
telecommunication services for their own needs or for provision of other types of
services.
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“Number Portability” denotes the end user’s right to retain an existing number, name
and address during change of telecommunication services provider.
Geographic portability denotes the end user’s right to retain the existing number,
name and address during change of geographic connecting point.
Service portability denotes the end user’s right to retain the existing number, name
and address during change of services.
Carrier denotes public telecommunication operator and/or public telecommunication
services provider.
ITU – International Telecommunications Union.
ITU-T – International Telecommunications Union – Standardization Sector.
ISO – International Standardization Organization.
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission.
X. 121 international number for data denotes global unique information about the
address of a terminal in data transmission network that is consisted of identification
code for the data transmission network and terminal number within the frameworks
of this data transmission network, with no more than 14 figures, in accordance with
the recommendation X 121 of ITU-Standardization Sector.
NTN – Network Terminal Number denotes identification of the connecting point
within the frameworks of a separate network for data transmission, with no more that
10 figures, in accordance with the recommendation X 121 of ITU-Standardization
Sector.
DNIC – Data network identification code denotes the first four figures in X.121
international data number that identify one or more data transmission networks.
PNIC – Private Network Identification Code denotes a code with no more than 6
figures and that follows the DNIC in X.121 international data number. Taken
together, DNIC and PNIC identify a private data transmission network.
Article 4
(Assignment and utilization of numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses from the
Numbering Plan)
The numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses from the Numbering Plan may
be used for public telecommunication networks or public telecommunication services
only on the basis of an approval issued by the Telecommunications Directorate
(hereinafter referred to as “the Authority”).
The Authority shall assign numbers, series of numbers, name and addresses from the
Numbering Plan for public telecommunication operators, public telecommunication
service providers and end users. The assigning may be limited in respect of time.
In the assignment, the Authority shall take into account the following factors:
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a) efficient utilization of the numbering resources;
b) need for sufficient numbering resources available during longer period of time;
c) requests and wishes of the submitter of the request, the end users and the
interested parties;
d) costs that the submitter of the request and other public telecommunication operators
and public telecommunication service providers and end users shall incur regarding
the assignment;
e) utilization of series of numbers that have previously been assigned to the submitter
of the request for the appropriate telecommunication service;
f) compliance of the request with the terms of the Authority regarding the previous
assignments of numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses;
g) relevant recommendations, standards and agreements; and
h) other factors that the Authority considers relevant for the performing of the purpose
of the Numbering Plan.
The Authority shall establish deadlines within which the assigned numbers, series of
numbers, name and addresses shall be put into use.
Each user may reserve numbers, series of numbers, name and addresses within a
period not exceeding two years.
Each user of numbers, series of numbers, name and addresses shall be obliged to
return the assigned resources if they are no longer used.
The assigned numbers, series of numbers, name and addresses may not be used for
any other purpose except as stipulated in the assignment and may not be transferred or
leased to another person without prior written consent from the Authority.
Article 5
(Fees and prices connected with the assignment and utilization of numbers, series of numbers,
names and addresses)
An annual fee shall be paid for the assigned numbers, series of numbers, names and
addresses in order to provide safe and efficient performing of the Authority’s operations
for assignment and utilization of the available numbering resources.
Administrative fees for the assignment and utilization of numbers and number blocks
will be set in accordance with Section 9 of the Telecom Law.
The fee schedule is set forth as Appendix 1 to this regulation.
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The Authority shall collect the fees.
Article 6
(Necessary data about the submitter of the requirement)
In submitting a request for assignment of numbers, series of numbers, names and
addresses, the submitter of the request should submit the following data and
information to the Authority:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
name and permanent seat of the submitter of the requirement;
required number, series, name and address;
description of the service;
information about the prices and technical implementation of the service;
documentation about the needs for numbering resources, including the anticipations
for five years in advance;
f) planned date for the commencement of utilization of the numbers, series of
numbers, names and addresses for provision of public telecommunication services;
and
g) other information considered relevant.
Article 7
(Term for making a decision regarding the requirement)
The Authority shall make a decision regarding the requirement for assignment of
numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses within a term not exceeding 30
days after the day the requirement was submitted.
Article 8
(Disposal of assigned numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses from the Numbering
Plan along with the subject activities)
The numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses assigned by the Authority may
be disposed along with the activity under the condition that the new user satisfies the
requirements for retainment of the numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses,
if such a disposal is approved by the Authority.
After the cessation of the activity, the assigned numbers, series of numbers, names and
addresses must be returned to the Authority.
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Article 9
(Appropriation of assigned numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses from the Numbering
Plan)
The Authority may seize the right of the operator of the public telecommunication
network or the public telecommunication service provide and/or end user for possession
and utilization of a number, series of numbers and its parts, name or address from the
Numbering Plan if:
a) the terms of assignment are not followed;
b) the regulations in force are not complied with;
c) the fees established by the Authority regarding the assignment and utilization of
numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses are not paid;
d) the number, series of numbers, name or address is not used;
e) changes in the allocation of numbers, series of numbers, names or addresses are
necessary;
f) the numbering Plan is modified; or
g) appropriation or temporary withdrawal is necessary as a result of extraordinary
causes.
The Authority shall issue an announcement accompanied with explanation regarding
the appropriation of numbers, series of numbers, names or addresses. The term for
informing the provider and/or user that possesses and uses a number, series of
numbers or its parts, name or address from the Numbering Plan shall depend on the
cause and the purpose of the appropriation, but it may not be shorter than 60 days. If
the appropriation is a result of unpaid fees to the Authority, the informing about the
appropriation may be issued in a shorter time interval, but not shorter than 30 days.
The appropriation of numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses shall be
performed through exclusion from the traffic by the operators of public
telecommunication networks, and after written informing of the Authority.
Article 10
(Submitting reports to the Authority)
The operators of public telecommunication networks and public telecommunication
services providers that have been assigned with numbers, series of numbers, names or
addresses from the Numbering Plan should submit an annual report to the Authority
until the 1st of February each year, disclosing the utilization of the assigned numbers,
series of numbers, names or addresses. Under special conditions, the Authority may
require submission of reports within shorter time intervals.
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The report should include the following information about each assigned series of
numbers:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
allocation of the series of numbers on various services, reimbursements etc.;
percentage portion of numbers in active utilization;
percentage portion of numbers that have been reserved, but are not actively used;
percentage portion of non-assigned numbers;
each assignment of series of numbers to other operators, i.e. providers;
forecast for utilization of the series of numbers for each of the following three years;
and
g) any other information related to the utilization of the number that is required by the
Authority.
The report must also include information about any number from the series of numbers
that is disposed to other operators of public telecommunication networks or public
telecommunication service providers.
The telecommunication service providers with DNIC assigned by the Authority must
submit a report that discloses the utilization of the series of numbers under the assigned
DNIC until the 1st of February each year.
The report should include the following information:
a) data transmission network numbering plan in a form of a short review;
b) length of subscriber and/or final numbers;
c) number of subscribers to the data transmission network or in the areas of individual
numbers;
d) each planned change in the numbering plan or the structure of the numbers;
e) name of the operator of the public telecommunications network for data transmission
or name of the provider of the public telecommunication service for data
transmission and the value of DNIC for at least one another network to which the
operator or the provider has been interconnected; and
f) any other information about the utilization of special DNIC required by the Authority.
The Authority may require the telecommunication service providers with PNIC to submit
a report disclosing the manner of utilization of the series of numbers under the assigned
PNIC.
Article 11
(Publicly available information)
The Authority enables public availability of the Numbering Plan, the assignments, the
statistics and the reviews that accompany the assignments.
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The Authority produces an annual report about its activities related to administrating and
managing of the numbers.
Article 12
(Obligation for submission of data for telecommunications book)
The Authority may require the operators of public telecommunication networks and
public telecommunication services providers that have been assigned with numbers,
series of numbers, names or addresses to provide information for telecommunications
book about numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses that have been given
for utilization to the end users by such operators or providers.
The end users shall have the right to decide whether their numbers, series of numbers,
names and addresses shall be made publicly available.
2. Numbering plan for the networks of the public
telecommunication operators and public telecommunication
service providers
Article 13
(Terms)
•
Prefix
Prefix denotes an indicator consisted of one or more figures and enables selection of
various types of numbers (such as local, national and international), transit networks
and/or services.
•
International prefix
Denotes a combination of numbers selected by the calling subscriber when it calls a
subscriber in its country, but outside its numbering area.
•
Country code
Denotes a combination of one, two or three figures and characterizes the called
country.
•
Trunk code
Denotes a figure or figures combination (excluding the national (trunk) prefix) that
characterizes the called numbering area in the country. The trunk code is selected
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before the called subscriber number where the calling and called subscriber are in
different numbering areas.
•
Subscriber number
Denotes a number that should be selected or called in order to reach a subscriber in
the same local network or numbering area. Usually, this number is shown in a phone
book according to the name of the subscriber.
•
National (significant) number
Denotes a number that should be selected after the national (trunk) prefix in order to
reach a subscriber in the same country, but outside the same local network or
numbering area.
The national number includes the trunk code and the subscriber number.
•
Geographic number
Denotes national number for particular geographic area.
•
Non-geographic number
Denotes national number that is not connected to a particular geographic area.
•
Denotes number that is selected after the international prefix in order to reach a
subscriber in another country.
The international number includes the country code of the called country followed by
the national number of the called subscriber.
•
National destination code (NDC)
Denotes code field in the Numbering Plan that, combined with the subscriber
number, constitutes the national number included in the international number on
digital network of integrated services. The NDC is used to select the network and/or
the trunk code.
NDC may be a decade figure or a combination of decade figures (without prefixes)
that characterizes the numbering area in the country.
The NDC should be inserted before the called subscriber number when the calling
and the called numbers are in different numbering areas.
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NDC in ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is identical to TC in telephony
network.
•
Numbering area
Denotes an area in which the calling subscriber reaches the called subscriber only
on subscriber number.
The numbering area may include subscribers connected to more switches.
Article 14
(National Numbering Plan and Structure)
The National Numbering Plan is in accordance with the recommendation E.164 of the
ITU – Standardization sector.
The structure of the national number in the Numbering Plan has the following schedule
of figures:
national prefix
NDC
subscriber number
tbd
1 or 2 figures
6 figures
8 figures (national number)
code of Kosovo
length of the national number
length of the subscriber number
international prefix
national prefix
reserved for future needs in the Numbering Plan
geographic numbers with 7-figures subscriber numbers
non-geographic numbers for services with special cost (share revenue
services, share cost services, premium rate services etc.)
non-geographic numbers for mobile telecommunication services, paging
services and personal communication services
non-geographic numbers for services (free phone services etc.)
D-10
first figure for standardized special and abbreviated numbers
first figure of subscriber numbers
(reconsidered)
International calls and calls to international services and international networks may be
performed by utilization of the international prefix 00, the country code assigned by ITU
and the national number.
The block series of numbers 01, 06 and 09 are reserved for future needs in the
Numbering Plan.
The carrier is selected by choosing a prefix.
Pre-selection of carrier is in reconsideration.
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Article 15
(Assignment and utilization of 7-figure and 6-figure numbers)
The Authority shall assign and 6-figure series of numbers in series of 1,000; 10,000;
and 100,000 numbers to the operators of public telecommunication networks and public
telecommunication service providers upon request.
service providers shall give the assigned numbers under paragraph 1 of this Article for
utilization of 6-figure numbers to their end users.
service providers may not, without a reason, withdraw a number that has been given for
utilization to an end user. The following may be reasons for withdrawal:
a) interrupted provision of the service to the end user;
b) the internal numbering plan of the operator needs to be modified; or
c) modifications of the law and other regulations or orders made by the Authority make
the withdrawal necessary.
service providers should provide efficient utilization of the assigned series of numbers.
In assigning new series of numbers to the operators of public telecommunication
networks and public telecommunication service providers, the Authority shall take into
account the utilization of previously assigned series of numbers and whether the terms
and conditions from the previous assignment have been observed.
The individual numbers in a series of numbers assigned to operators of public
telecommunication networks and public telecommunication service providers shall be
transferable to another operator of public telecommunication networks or public
telecommunication service provider. The individual numbers may be kept if the end user
changes the operator of public telecommunication networks and public
telecommunication service provider provided that the technical conditions support such
number portability.
If more than 50% of the numbers in a series of numbers are re-assigned to other
operators of public telecommunication networks or public telecommunication service
providers, the Authority shall transfer the series of numbers to the operator or the
provider that uses the largest quantity of numbers in the related series of numbers.
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Article 16
(Assignment and utilization of abbreviated numbers)
The Authority shall assign abbreviated numbers with length of 4 figures for numbering
areas with 6-figure subscriber numbers and abbreviated numbers with length of 5
figures for Prishtina to operators of public telecommunication networks, public
telecommunication service providers and end users, at a request.
The first two figures of the abbreviated numbers are 15.
Article 17
(Assignment and utilization of trunk codes)
The trunk codes from geographic numbers 02; 03 and 04 for 7-figure and 6-figure
subscriber numbers in the Numbering Plan for the telecommunication networks in
Kosovo for numbering areas shall be assigned in the following manner:
38
Prishtina
Article 18
(Assignment and utilization of non-geographic numbers from series 05; 07; and 08)
The Authority shall assign non-geographic numbers from the series __ and __ to
operators of public telecommunication networks, public telecommunication service
providers and end users, at a request.
The Authority shall assign non-geographic numbers from the series __ to operators of
public telecommunication networks and public telecommunication service providers, at
a request. The operators of public telecommunication networks and public
telecommunication service providers shall give the assigned numbers under paragraph
2 of this Article for utilization to their end users.
The individual numbers from these series may not be abbreviated.
Article 19
(Assignment and utilization of standardized special and abbreviated numbers)
The standardized special and abbreviated numbers have 3 figures.
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The series of numbers 1___- 1___ and _1__- 1___ is intended for standardized special
numbers. The Authority shall assign such numbers for special purposes at a request.
The standardized special numbers shall be assigned for two purposes:
a) public services; and
b) b) services of social meaning.
The structure of the standardized special numbers in the Numbering Plan is as follows:
reserve
urgent calls
reserve
The Authority shall also assign other numbers that, in addition to 112, will be available
for calls to various service departments for urgent services and other services. The
mentioned numbers are priority numbers.
reserve
police
Fire brigade
Emergency squad
Informing and alarm centre
Information about the condition of public roads
reserve
The standardized special numbers shall be unique.
Article 20
(Assignment and utilization of special numbers to the operators of public telecommunication
networks)
The series of numbers with initial digits 16 shall be reserved for utilization for special
numbers for the needs of the operators of public telecommunication networks. The
numbers may have length of 3 and 4 figures. The operators of public telecommunication
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networks may use this series of numbers for special internally defined services. These
numbers shall not be assigned to end users.
The series of numbers with initial digits 17 and 18 shall be reserved for utilization of
special numbers of the operators of public telecommunication networks that are used
for services that are accessible for the end users. The numbers may have length of 3
and 4 figures. The operator shall decide on the length of its particular special numbers
for operator of public telecommunication network, within the frameworks of these
limitations.
The operators of public telecommunication networks shall enter into contracts with other
operators of public telecommunication networks in order to enable access for the end
users that are connected to the networks of several public telecommunication operators
to the services numbered with special numbers.
Article 21
(Number portability)
The will issue a regulation with respect to the implementation of number portability at
such time as it deems appropriate, and after a proceeding to determine technical
feasibility of a system providing a right to the end user to port the geographic or service
number assigned by an operator..
3. Numbering Plan for the data transmission public telecommunication networks
Article 22
(Assignment and utilization of the identification codes of the public data transmission
telecommunication networks and the private data transmission networks)
The Authority shall assign utilization of the identification codes of the public data
transmission telecommunication networks and the private networks in accordance with
the recommendation X.121 of ITU – Standardization Sector.
DNIC may be assigned to a provider that has data transmission network, uses
addresses in accordance with the recommendation X.121 of ITU – Standardization
Sector and provides data transmission services for the public. The Authority may,
regarding the assignment, impose a limitation about the combination of digits that the
provider may put into utilization as initial digits in the final numbers MTB under the
assigned DNIC.
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In order to provide efficient utilization of the national X.121 resources, the Authority may
require that two or more providers share a DNIC. In such event, these providers shall be
informed at least six months in advance.
PNIC may be assigned to a provider that has data transmission network that uses
addresses in accordance with the recommendation X.121 of ITU – Standardization
Sector and provides data transmission services to a smaller group or for its own needs.
The assigned PNIC normally includes two or three digits in addition to DNIC that the
Authority puts aside for assignment to PNIC.
The provider that has been assigned a DNIC or PNIC shall assign final numbers to their
subscribers under DNIC or PNIC that has been assigned by the Authority, including all
limitations that the Authority may impose regarding the initial digits in the final number.
Article 23
(Interconnection)
[Note: Consider the current applicability to Kosovo of this provision]
Each public telecommunication service provider for data transmission that has been
assigned a DNIC by the Authority shall be obliged to establish, within six months after
the assignment, an interconnection regulated by a contract with at least one another
public telecommunication service provider for data transmission with assigned DNIC.
Each public telecommunication service provider for data transmission that has been
assigned a PNIC by the Authority shall be obliged to establish, within six months after
the assignment, an interconnection regulated by a contract with at least one another
public telecommunication service provider for data transmission with assigned DNIC or
PNIC.
If the mentioned interconnection under paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article is not
established within six months, the Authority shall appropriate the assigned DNIC or
PNIC.
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4. Other mandatory numbering plans
Article 24
(Assignment and utilization of identification codes for issuers of credit cards connected to
telecommunication services)
The Authority shall assign identification numbers to issuers of credit cards connected to
telecommunication services in accordance with the recommendation E.119 of ITU –
Standardization sector.
Article 25
(Assignment and utilization of codes for ISDN with responsibility for identification to closed user
groups)
The Authority shall assign identification codes to ISDN networks for network
identification where the provider is responsible for the management of closed user
groups in accordance with the recommendation E.167 of ITU – Standardization sector.
Article 26
(Assignment and utilization of codes for networks interconnected with mobile networks and
mobile services)
The Authority shall assign codes to mobile networks for identification of mobile terminals
and mobile users in accordance with the recommendation E.212 of ITU –
Standardization sector and in accordance with ISO’s standard ETC 300 523, under
country code for Kosovo 294.
The Authority shall assign codes to a network in accordance with the recommendation
E.214 of ITU – Standardization sector.
Article 27
(Numbering Plan for signal point codes)
The Numbering Plan for signal point codes shall be in compliance with the
recommendations Q.704 and Q.708 of ITU – Standardization sector.
The Authority shall assign international signalization codes in accordance with the
recommendations Q.704 and Q.708.
The Authority shall assign national signalization codes with structure 3-6-5 bytes, where
value 0 will be used for the first three bytes, the second field of six bytes shall denote
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the primary areas and the transit and international signal points, and the third field of
five bytes shall differ the signal points in the given primary area.
The national signalization codes shall be allocated in the following manner:
0-0-x
reserve
0-1-x
for international and transit signal points
0-2-x
for primary area Prishtina
0-3-x
for primary area Prishtina
0-4-x
0-5-x
0-6-x
0-7-x
0-8-x
0-9-x
0-10-x
0-11-x
0-12-x
0-13-x
0-14-x
0-15-x
0-16-x
0-17-x
0-18-x
0-19-x
0-20-x
0-21-x
0-22-x
0-23-x
0-24-x
0-25-x
0-26-x
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0-27-x
.
.
0-30-x
mobile telephony
0-31-x
reserve
.
.
0-63-x
reserve
Article 28
(Assignment and utilization of identification codes for producers that implement un-standardized
functions in telecommunication products)
The Authority shall assign codes for identification of providers that implement unstandardized functions in telecommunication products in accordance with the
recommendation T.35 of ITU – Standardization sector.
4. Transitional and final provisions
Article 29
For the utilization of numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses according to
this Plan, AD for telecommunications “PTK” Prishtina shall submit a requirement for
assignment of numbers, series of numbers, names and addresses, accompanied with
an implementation program, within three (3) months after the enforcement of this Plan.
Article 30
The Numbering Plan shall enter into force on the eighth day after publication in the
UNMIK Gazette.
[Note: Has UNMIK responded whether TRA may publish its enactments in the UNMIK
Gazette?]
Prishtina, [insert date]
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