Tooth variations2015-11

Tooth Variations
Suruedee Chinthakanan
Tooth variations
• Dental anomalies
• Cause :
– hereditary factor
– Developmental disturbances of teeth
www.ectodermaldysplsia.org
Tooth variations
• Enamel is formed from the ectodermal components.
• Dentin, pulp, cementum, the supporting PDL, and bone
are all derived from ectomesenchyme
http://www.uic.edu/classes/orla/orla312/VariationInToothMorphology.htm
Developmental disturbances of teeth
•
•
•
•
•
Disturbances in Size
Disturbances in Shape
Disturbances in Structure
Disturbances in Number
Disturbances in Eruption
R.Rajendran, B.Sivapathasundharam,2007
Developmental alterations in size of teeth
• Race , systemic disease , syndromes ,etc.
• Microdontia
– Hypodontia
– maxillary lateral incisors , permanent third molars
– “peg-shaped”
• Macrodontia
– mandibular third molar
www.medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
Developmental alterations in shape of teeth
• Alterations in crown shape
• Alterations in root shape
Alterations in crown shape
• shovel-shaped incisors
– permanent Maxillary lateral incisors
– permanent Maxillary central incisors
• Mamelons
– newly erupted teeth
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
www.nature.com
Alterations in crown shape
• Dens invaginatus (dens in dente)
– lingual pit
– Radiographic feature
– permanent maxillary lateral incisors ;
bilateral involvement
– Dental caries
grabpage.info
J.A.Regezi, J.J.Sciubba,
www.studyblue.com
R.C.K.Jordan,2008
Alterations in crown shape
• Palatogingival groove
– permanent incisors
– Dental caries & periodontal disease
pocketdentistry.com
www.ijds.in
www.slideshare.net
Alterations in crown shape
• Accessory lingual ridges
– permanent maxillary incisors : esp. central incisor
– Vary in number & size
• Talon cusps
– lingual surface three-pronged pattern as eagle’s talon
– Composes of : enamel, dentin and pulp
– permanent maxillary incisors
www.ascro.net
www.ejournalofdentistry.com
Alterations in crown shape
• Accessory cusps
– permanent premolars and molars
www.jaypeejournals.com
Alterations in crown shape
• Dens evaginatus
– tubercle or cusp : central groove , lingual ridge of
buccal cusp
–
–
–
–
permanent premolars , molars
premolars > molars , mandible > maxilla
Composes of : enamel, dentin and pulp
Exposes pulp
www.studyblue.com
www.uniondentalsurgery.com
blog.xuite.net
Alterations in crown shape
• Variation of cusp of carabelli
– Vary in size ; may be absent
– Vary in location
www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com
Alterations in crown shape
• cervical enamel extension (cervical enamel
projection)
– mandibular molars > maxillary molars
– Periodontal disease
www.studyblue.com
Alterations in crown shape
• Taurodontism
– Large pulp chamber , apically bifurcation
Oral Maxillofacial pathology,2004.
Alterations in crown shape
• Hutchinson’s incisor / mulberry molar
– congenital syphilis
www.sfmedia.dental.pacific.edu
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
Alterations in root shape
Alterations in root shape
•
Dilaceration
–
–
permanent maxillary incisors
Root canal treatment , extraction
www.researchgate.net
J.A.Regezi, J.J.Sciubba, R.C.K.Jordan,2008
www.studyblue.com
Alterations in root shape
•
Accessory roots (supernumerary roots)
–
–
third molars , mandibular canines , premolars
Root canal treatment , extraction
www.forp.usp.br
medind.nic.in
quizlet.com
Alterations in root shape
• Enamel pearls
– maxillary molars > mandibular molars
– furcation , cemento-enamel junction
– Periodontal disease
gallerily.com
www.studyblue.com
www.methuenperio.com
Alterations in root shape
• fused root
• Dwarfed roots
www.doctoruldedinti.info
www.studyblue.com
Alterations in root shape
• Concrescence
– Fused of root surface by
cementum
– Permanent maxillary molars
www.studyblue.com
drmohitmangla.blogspot.com
Alterations in root shape
• Hypercementosis
– Permanent premolars & molars
medicine.academic.ru
www.scielo.br
Developmental disturbances of teeth
•
•
•
•
•
Disturbances in Size
Disturbances in Shape
Disturbances in Structure
Disturbances in Number
Disturbances in Eruption
R.Rajendran, B.Sivapathasundharam,2007
Disturbances in Number
•
•
•
•
Supernumerary tooth
Congenital missing
Fusion
Gemination
www.scienceopen.com
www.studyblue.com
Disturbances in Number
• Fusion
www.ijdr.in
www.studyblue.com
www.studyblue.com
Disturbances in Number
• Gemination
forum.dentalxp.com
www.dentalaegis.com
www.studyblue.com
www.contempclindent.org
Tooth variations
• Permanent Incisors
• Permanent Canines
• Permanent Premolars
• Permanent molars
• Deciduous teeth
Permanent Incisors
• Permanent Maxillary Incisors
– Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors
– Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors
• Permanent Mandibular Incisors
– Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors
– Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors
Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors
Labial
Lingual
Incisal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 11,21
• Shape : Ovoid, Taper, Square
www1.nobelbiocare.com
www.habdcprostho.com/Prosthodontics
/Veneers3.htm
blog.drnormanhuefner.com
• La grooves
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 11,21
• La profile; convex
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 11, 21
• Mammelons
• Pit/groove at cingulum
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 11, 21
• Shovel-shaped incisor
www.fossa-medicaldictionary.thedictionary.com
• Hutchinson’s incisors
www.sfmedia.dental.pacific.edu
www.nature.com
Variations of 11, 21
• Accessory lingual ridges
• Extremely long root & short root
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Labial
Lingual
Incisal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 12, 22
• Peg shape
www.dental.mu.edu/oralpath/lesions
/densindente/densindente.htm
• Congenital missing
www.blledental.com.edu
Variations of 12, 22
• Prominence in the distal lobe
– Slight prominence
– Moderate prominence
– Pronounced prominence
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 12, 22
• Talons cusp
• Lingual pit / deep lingual fossa
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
www.ascro.net
ipj.quintessenz.de.1jpg.jpg
www.jaypeejournals.com
Variations of 12, 22
• Dens invaginatus
www.mndental.org
Oral Maxillofacial pathology,2004.
Variations of 12, 22
• Palato-gingival groove / Palato-radicular
groove
• Curvature of root
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors
Labial
Lingual
Incisal
Mesial
Distal
Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors
Labial
Lingual
Incisal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 31, 41 & 32, 42
• La surface inclination
• Mammelons
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 31, 41 & 32, 42
• Root:
– Curvature
– Longitudinal grooves
– 2 roots
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Canines
• Permanent Maxillary Canines
• Permanent Mandibular Canines
Permanent Maxillary Canines
Labial
Lingual
Incisal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 13, 23
• Cusp tip:
– blunted
– nippled apex
• Cusp ridge:
– vertical pitch
– shoulder
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variation of 13, 23
• Lingual tubercle or cingulum
• Root; long, short, hook
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular Canines
Labial
Lingual
Incisal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 33, 43
• Shoulder
• Inclination of
crown : root
 “bending”
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 33, 43
• Root
– Deep longitudinal groove
– Juxta-positional root
– 2 roots
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Premolars
• Permanent Maxillary Premolars
– Permanent Maxillary First Premolars
– Permanent Maxillary Second Premolars
• Permanent Mandibular Premolars
– Permanent Mandibular First Premolars
– Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars
Permanent Maxillary First Premolars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 14, 24
•Conical cusp
• Intercuspal width
•Blunted cusp
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 14, 24
• Bell shaped premolar
• Deep buccal groove
•Mesiobuccal groove
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 14, 24
Convergence of
root profile
Bifurcation
point
Irregular
curvature of root
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Maxillary Second Premolars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 15, 25
Strongly developed styles
Deep pit
Distal tranverse ridge
Irregular pattern of
supplemental
grooves
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 15, 25
Cusplet
Rounded buccal cusp
&
Irregular curvature
of root
Conical buccal cusp
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular First Premolars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 34, 44
Transverse ridge
• Mesiolingual groove
•number
•depth
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 34, 44
Lingual cusp
Root
Distal style
of
buccal cusp
•2 roots
•Deep longitudinal
groove
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 35, 45
2 cusped mandibular premolar
Pit & groove pattern
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 35, 45
M&D styles of buccal cusp
Root curvature
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Molars
• Permanent Maxillary Molars
– Permanent Maxillary First Molars
– Permanent Maxillary Second Molars
– Permanent Maxillary Third Molars
• Permanent Mandibular Molars
– Permanent Mandibular First Molars
– Permanent Mandibular Second Molars
– Permanent Mandibular Third Molars
Permanent Maxillary First Molars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 16, 26
Oblique ridge
Cusp of Carabelli
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 16, 26
Styles on MB cusp
Variations of the
Carabelli trait
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 16, 26
small & large
Oblique ridge
Anterior transverse
ridge on MB cusp
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 16, 26
Curvature of root
Board MB root
Straight linual
root
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Maxillary Second Molars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 17, 27
Pit-groove patterns
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 17, 27
DL cusp
2 MB root
Fused MB & L root
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular First Molars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 36, 46
Pit & groove pattern
Distal cusp
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Variations of 36, 46
Roots !!
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular Second Molars
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Mesial
Distal
Variations of 37, 47
First and Second molar
Roots !!
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Maxillary Third Molars
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Permanent Mandibular Third Molars
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums,1969
Thank You for your attention!!
References
•
•
•
B.S.Kraus, R.E.Jordan, L.Abrums. Dental anatomy
and occlusion. The Williams and Wikins; Maryland.
1969.
M.M.Ash, S.J.Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy
Physiology, and Occlusion. Saunders; St.Louis. 2003.
R.Rajendran, B.Sivapathasundharam. Shafer’s
textbook of oral pathology. 5th. Elsevier; New Dheli.
2007.