docTourmalinization in the Astaneh granitoids (south west Arak)
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Tourmalinization in the Astaneh granitoids (south west Arak)
Vol. 17, No. 3 Fall 1388/2009 Tourmalinization in the Astaneh granitoids (south west Arak) * Z. Tahmasbi1 , A. Ahmadi Khalaji 2, M. Rajaeieh3 1- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lorestan, Lorestan, Iran 2- Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran 3- Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran (Received: 25/12/2008, in revised form: 6/4/2009) Abstract: The studied area is a small portion of Sanandaj – Sirjan zone. Metasomatism at the contact of intrusive body studied and penetration of Al-rich rocks caused tourmalinization to stratiform tourmalinite in pelitic hornfels. In addition, hydrothermal fluids crystallized tourmaline nodules in monzogranite surface. The Fe/ (Fe + Mg) ratio in varied between 0.4-0.76 in stratiform tourmaline and 0.83-0.96 in tourmaline nodules respectively. The tourmaline composition is schorlite- dravite. Chemical zoning in this mineral show that system is open and crystallization is unequilibrium. The flat trace end rare earth elements imply to mobility of LREE induced to alteration that this phenomena occur to increasing HREE/ LREE in this type tourmalines. Keywords: Astaneh, microprobe, metasomatism, Sanandaj- Sirjan zone, tourmaline. . !" * # $ %& ' ( ) * Corresponding author, Tel.: +98 (0661) 3349083, Fax:+98 (0661) 6200005, E-mail: [email protected] s } D 4]` 7A56 3( T2 R s C W0 LN 5N g $ (2 3 4 3 *5) % ,# 3 % 5 @ , >2 ;!< / / : /0 = >*1 7# 89 = !"# $ % ! % &' ( $ %0 12 3 !"# ,-./ &' ( $ %0 12 3 !"# ,-./ &' ( ( -. / )$" *' ( )$" *' ( + 56( *' ( 4 / / : ) C -:D 3": : 8% ": 3 E : "# . -:0 : @- :A ?"2:$ > %%:$ !3 3( ;<-:= ': 9 $ "9 - 7 8% : $ E :NQ.5 -:N E( : P E :N 2%2 -D O -6 9 J(312 -D K/ 9 L2%2 - G 3( %M E NF%$ "9 G "2HID ! )$G E 2J-)2 ("# )Z :$ -:.[) :N 2 ("#!T - U8$ E! VN"# O -6 9 ( 12 -D W# ) ( XY(" E N 0 G "9 !S/ . $( 0 )2.R e-: 3( :N12 -D c2d"D . $( "2b) ^/a4 ^/`] NVN"# ! ^/_ ^/\] 129 E (- E N12 -D Fe/(Fe+Mg) [ . $( @ 2Wd "6 %/ . $( 3 9 L) 2$ ! -.[D 12Y g D , / h ("0 "* ' d 1 ( 2W20 E %9 8% . $( !( – 2 -0 E :NV::N"# d :Z : "::6 %/ E-::* ( -::9 U8 : . ( :0( 12 : -D ) :' :D *)::$ Z :9 E( : P E :N12 : -D 1: ( HREE/LREE T2< : i (T: ( K:/ 9 1: ( d ( $"# 7j2) V[$ d Z "6 %/ k"AD "9 P ( 12 -D . $( 0 N12 -D .12 -D ?"2$ > %%$ !3 E - : R q k"A) "y%/ V (-%/ 9 -9 "y%/ ! [n] $( 3( : (-D : := [ ] -:0 : ) "# "z -#"# E N i (T: ( :9 ( T9G ! E"2*9G E N R "H( -Z F%$ :$ "9 : 1: ( J( ( 3( { N .[ ] -0 (3G -#"# 7? h (":0 ! 12 : -D 2W2:0-Jv E :N #| ! ! )Z %0F%$ . $( $ "9 - 7 8% G X2&'D )$G : !D C % E E :NF%:$ e(-: ( :/" :d (-:%/ 9 12 -D ;% ( 9 -:?! : ! [n ] -0 -#"# ! ) ' D 1 lG : N G : 9 ) : 9(! E : N : 2.RG ! : )2 ("# E : NF%::$ G 1 ( . $( "Dg!( ) 9 "# E N )' ! N &$( N 2D W*R p:2q E ( : R :./ :9 $ %0F%$ E N $ "9 d # 3(-:N ":9("9 -:9 ,! : T2 ! ' ! 3( E( ") # -:9 .6( C %%d XWY 12 -D .[s] "2# ("r 5)$( E :N :0 E :Ni%:d(! "H( = $( E( )$-R E NF%$ F%:$ :9 :)2 ("# E Nh2A -9 3( %M 9 "# W# E( : P C :0 -#"# E NF%$ E("9 . -0 X2&'D 9T2 :9 ( :2%2 -D v(! ( WjY % t 3( i29) 12 -D 3( %M ( : R -#"# O ? , WD 12 -D .[x w] "9 = F #* 0 / > %%:$ (-: :9"M g W:0 i: 9 :$ "9 -: 7 8% C -D . $( ) "# ("r k( ( )$" 0 @"M@-%? ! ?"2$ :9 ) :9(! E :NF%:$ $ ! NX20 )$G E 2J-)2 ("# N ' D 1 ( -#"# K/ 9 ! $( "= l-5 V2$( !v E ! A Y(- ! Q.5 -N O! 2R( 2[ G C Z Y .[ }] ( X&0) $( 0 Q.5 -N %.[ -N C Z Y [email protected] : &2 !")& ( "# E( 8 7 TjD R + (}xx ) xn}}}} :"9 W + (^]] ) 44_`^a4 :15.D g-~ % - * s . . . E 2J-)2 ("# C -D .[ }] $ "9 - 7 8% $ %012 3 3( ƒ-&:$!"&2 :9 :NF%:$ 1: ( 3( )Z %0F%$ ‚2r $ "9 3( 5):$( :9 $ "9 - E N12 -D . "# O -6 %[8r h:$-D ( 2 …:$() (Huelva) (-:.N *' ( „3( "R T *)$ g-:: " ::9 9 2)::$ .( g! : ?) : 0 T2 : G g!( :: * , :j ( (O, OH) -:2 G 4 3( 5)$( 9 N d 1 ( E )Z $ E(":9 . :$( :0 †": )2 "‡ ! O -6 9 1NG Xd ! 0 ICP-Ms *):$ 9 = 1 ( N12 -D /" "6 %/ $ "9 T2 : G E(":9 .(+ g! :?) 0 T2 G T2 0 *' 3G !":&2 V: ! s x • :W ( C (":9 :9 k3 : €q E( 8 JXA- : 3( "R T: ":9( *):$ :9 Q…:$ ! 0 ( X 26 J(3 12 / }}}}}C 0 -D 4aa T2 R 4 W0 \ .? $ 7' 1 $ : - - ("# X :0 : (!(" c:2D"D :9 -:D 1 ( E NF%$ : E :NF%:$ ":9 !S:/ . $( 2 ("#!T - ! - TD (-d Y 9 E % T2 -RG C -D T2 8% 9"M g W0 0 . ( -:?! )2$( - $ %0F%$ c2d"D 9 €9" ") -.2d 4 C -::D 2W2::0-Jv ! )Z %::0F%::$ N(-::0 • ::$( "::9 @!l 3( G :9 ) :9(! E :N 2:$( - ! ):$G E 2J-)2 ("# .[ ] ( 0 X6 Y ( N ' D + 2 -[25 G) )AD 7)$-R # GH := 1 ( 3( 12 -D E! Y E NF%$ 3( E ( "9 -W 3( QR ! :0 :2 D k3 €q E (- E N /-Wj ! NVN"# (" ( $ %0 d ! $ %0 -.9 .j 2 ? j.Z E WY( ! L2:$ )R E("9 2.r …$ . L2 .d E("9 2 -)$P! L $ ! T:%*% ! 1:NG E("9 2 L T2% E("9 2D ) ( L2%2 - G . %) "# ("r 5)$( - "5 E("9 2D RG .12 -D E NVN"# ! E (- E N12 [$ W q s n *):$ C %N @ )0 v ) ! . 0 T2 G 8200 Super Probe nA : "? O :0 ! ! !")& ( -.2d KeV T2 G 1Wˆ E(":9 D &2.2:$ :2J (v E N ( ):$( . :$( -:9 "… G -D 3( 03( "R T T2 G 1 ( 5 s s . . . E 2J-)2 ("# C -D .12 J(3 12 -D -D 3( ICP-MS „! 9 @ 2Wd "6 %/ T2 G 2 ( 5 -D E NVN"# ! E( P E N12 : T[$ E( - r * %< 9 ! E( - r E N (- O -6 9 N :0 : E :NF%:$ 12 V2):$S9- ("# NF%$ 1 ( -D 9 ("WN E N 9 . TD (-d ! -& d . -0 - : 0 ,< * I*# : O -6 ! 9 $ "9 - 7 8% -& ::::: ! :NQ.5 -N ! 1: ( . : ( N 2%2 -:W%Z -D 1 ( :E( P E N12 € ":$ 0 3( 0 (":) .[ s n] ::::0 9 )Z ::::$ 12:::: 3 ::::9 NEl-5 :::: TWN ! -D = ) $ + ! Y P "N -F%:$ 1 ( k3 €q -D :9T2 E NF%$ 9 N 2J-)2 ("# 3" E N P 3( 9! %D O -6 9 ! ( T d $( TD (-d 3( 12 : -0 1):0( :N12 : -D 1: ( 3 :9 E :N :#| ! 3( .(+b, c X&0) $( 1&W &' J ' 2D-29 3( :0"$ E :N : P 3( 9! :%D X :0 N G 7) E"2*)W$ ! ::::: 12 ::::: -D + :::::2D-29 ! TD (-:::::d+ 4aa T2 R 4 W0 \ .? 12 )$ 7 -W ˆ) 12 NF%$ -D ! TD (-d &2 -D .(+aX&0) -0 (" ( $ %0 - :( d ! $ %0 -.9 .j 2[:0 ! L2 ) "2 V 2 ? N G E"2# ("r NVN"# ":)W2.2 +^ 3( :NVN"# "8r .(+d, eX&0) $( U2[ D E N $( "2b) 10! i 9 E( -: r F 9 12 1:0! i: 9 j.Z E WY( . -:0 : : ! …::$ . L2::$ )R . :$( k : ( : . $( 20 Y 1 ( c M E N d 3( .(+fX&0) :9G 720 Y 9 T[$ 9 X ( : -::?! : :2D-29 0 )2 "$ 3Sd- vSR s w :N :2 ("#!T - U8$ "9 NVN"# 1 ( : ( 12 ":2D ETd" c2d"D ! E( ( ")W2.2 _^ ! Y D "2D 7) N -D 1 ( 7) N k3 €q [$ W q -: E :N : [ 7j2) ! :$( G -?! 9 12 )$ 7 -W -D VN"# + ! -0 F "22bD 1 ( . (10! 720 Y ! -D E NVN"# 20 Y ! Td" 129 :9 [ : VN"# Td" ")'29 E ( R 9 "j% i ( 2R 12WN -g!( :) ! $( O! 5) NVN"# X&0 . -0 G 720 Y E"N :‡ E :NX&0 3( & . $( E (! "d E!"d N G 1 "D " -y:D :b . :$ "9 -: 7: 8% E :NQ.5 -:N E (-: 12 -D :a , . 03( "RT ! R-&$!"&2 )$ 7 -W 12 -D " ! yD 2 $ d 12 -D E NVN"#: d,e . 0 T2 G 12 -D 3( 03( "RT " -yD :c TD (-d ! !-& 3( %M E N P 9 E (- 12 -D 3( R-&$!"&2 .10! F 9 ! 2.r …$ . ! TD (-d 3( %M 20 Y 9 12 -D E NVN"# 3( V T E W :f ( ) "# ("r U2[ D E N ( O -6 9 s . . . E 2J-)2 ("# C -D 12:9 (E (-: ) E( P E N12 $( "2b) ^/_t :9 . :$( X / 12 2 r- 4aa T2 R 4 W0 \ .? -‹Y "* 29 d -D 1 ( # %d("R Na-Ca ( -W -: 7 8% E N12 !( T2< -D -2 G 4 3( 2W20-Jv E N #| ! 122 D E("9 5)$( 9 N $( .( g! ?) :$( XY3Z6(T6 O18)(BO3)3 12 ':: 12 :: -D 2 r- ! (! 8Z „3("9 V Na* + Al* 9 [ Ca + Mg* :N : ': ( : !( %2' ? Ld 7? d N ' .(_b X&0) [n] Fe-Mg-Ca ! Fe-Mg-Al ( -:W e [:0( 3 V 9 TWN E N 2 - :2.R ) ! N 2 R ) 12 d :Z N -W 1 ( R ) ! N 2.R ) C") # -D TD (-d E NF%$ ! Al 3( .(t X&0) "2# E :NV:N"# ("r Ca 3( "2 E N ! a\ `_ E (-: E N12 MREE -D : "6 %/ $ "9 .(+ g! ?) $( + ^ 12 :9 ': ( ? Š )[ -D E-* ( E( ( E( P 12 -D N :5% E j% 9 ( 12 : ":6 %/ U8 MREE -D E NVN"# -:?! :9 ( 12 : -D E :NVN"# [n}] • :$( ":9 .[ ] -:0 : 3( :0 (3G E N REE d (Œ: N E ? -Z HREE :N -W 1 ( ( BE . -0 2 !G r 12 -D E -.9 )Z $ "# g-q &2 ! …$ . "6 %/ 1 ( # :0 :%M 1: ( d (] X&0) ( 0 %M LREE 9 [ :9 [ : LREE "::6 %/ ")'::29 k"::AD 3( :0 2.r E N12 -D 1 ( O! 5D .(4a ")'29 N12 ^/\] E (-: E N12 : (-D : . 0 9 HREE X -D E"$ ‰T? g- " 1 ( 9 $( Mg ! Fe " Fe/(Fe+Mg) ( -D = E -q ! ^/ _ [ X-Vac./(X-Vac. + Na) ( -W (t X&::0) Fe-Mg-Ca ! Fe-Mg-Al ( -::W ! (4b X&::0) 2 -:0 :[2d"D C") :# N d 1 ( d %N Fe-Mg- ! Fe-Mg-Al ( -W .[ + n] "2# Ca, Al ': -9 d E"2Z D E N D NVN"# X&0) %) N – -9 "D12 R : D ":6 %/ 1 ( 3( X = Ca, Na, K, [I vacancy] Y = Li, Mg, Fe2+, Mn2+, Al, Cr3+, V3+, Fe3+, (Ti4+) Z = Mg, Al, Fe3+, V3+, Cr3+ T = Si, Al, (B) B = B, [I vacancy] V = OH, O, (F) W = OH, F, O 2 r- • $( "9 ! -9 Al 3( e [0( $ "9 - E N12 -D Mg/(Mg + Fe) 9 dZ -@ : "# :d -0 2?-D W# i ( ? 1Wˆ "6 %/ 1 ( d [ t _] ' Y ' (La/Yb)N = ^/`] t/ : G -W/ g- " • :$( ":9 . :$( ^/a4 ^/`] 12 : -D E :NVN"# ! ! (La/Sm)N = +/ta _ ! Š )[ . %N #3 :$ :9 12 -D E NVN"# d d -D %) N (La/Sm)N= 4/aa _/4 ! (La/Yb)N= + /+ +4/+ Sm 0 , j ( (O, OH) .[ ] $( Na-1 Mg-1 :N -W L2$"D ! (_a X&0) [ ] $( X : $ "9 j%$ "y%/ „! 9 B - 4 ! OH - 0 [$ A :Z E N ‹: X2&'D "* 29 ! %)2WN( 9 Al Na-1 Mg-1 ( + E! d 1 ( E )Z $ g- " 9 9 2)$ _ :j ( E("9 B2O3 ! H2O (T2 . $( ./ 9 Y 2 r- ::% "::* E ::N12':: ? ::= ::N :: ( -:W D . : "# O -::6 : 03( "R T:: T2 : G : 8 .d -q :d 1: ( )Z :$ Al ! Al O Mg -1 (OH)-1 E N %2' ? 0 ! ^/t+ ^/a ZE‹ E ( ( : 7 ': :d :$( Ca <^/+ N12 E :N ( -D X E N -2D d Xd .(4d -D -D E NVN"# Al : 3 " : . :$( J(3 12 2 -0 hZ EP 9 ( : .[n] :$ N12 : -D 1: ( -:& - g-: " : G 7:WN . :$P 9 Al ( Fe3+ T2< : ( . %) N Z 2 r- ./ 9 . $( Al LD( ] E( ( Al %2' ? "* 29 0 d $( Y< 4 N [ Al in R2 ( -W Q2.2$ N -W 1 ( E"2# ("r [ x] Fe .(4cX&:0) $( Y 2 r- Li -‹:Y C %N $ "9 - E N -W M(Fe+ Mg)< 3 2 rg-: " N -W E"2# ("r . $( L:D( ] :[ " D :N : -W ")'29 9 [ Mg ( -W !( Fe, MgO(":22bD "* ' Ca :9 H Š :[ " D ( : !( ("r ' d 1 ( E )Z $ N -W L2$"D . $ N -W 1 ( X&:0) :$( :2J [ G E ( : %2' ? C %N ' R2* 9 (" ( $ %0 d ! $ %0 -.9 .j !( – 2 -0 C") # 12 -D c2d"D :b .12 2 ? -D g- " j.Z E WY( X [$ W q s x 2 r- • $( "9 $ "9 - 7 8% E N12 9 [ R2* ( -W :d .[ ]] M(Fe+Mg)=3 hZ " 3 -D E"2# ("r :a :3 $ N -W E"2# ("r "* ' Mg 9 [ Fe ( -W :c R2*= Fe + Mg + Mn + Al, R2= Al + 1.33Ti + Si-12 Al in R2 N 12 .Na* + Al :9 [ : Ca+Mg* ! (! *) :[WN :b ! :$ N : -W -D E NVN"# I E (- E N12 -D # %d("R "* ' Na 9 [ Ca E N -W 3( N ( -W : a 4 $ . %) N 4 X&0 9 ' LJS/ Mg*= Mg + Fe + Mn + 2Li – Ti, Na* = Na + K, Al* = Al + Fe3+ + 2Ti-Li s . . . E 2J-)2 ("# C -D J(3 12 -D 4aa T2 R 4 W0 \ .? .[+] Ca-Fe-Mg! Al-Fe-Mg ::::D ::::$ E ::::N ( -W E! ::::$ "9 -:::: 7:::: 8% E ::::N12 :::: -D i ::::W :5 $LLLL :4 : G :9 ) 9(! E N 2.RG ! N 2D W*R L2)2 3( "2 E N 2J-)2 ("# :+ G 9 ) 9(! E N 2.RG ! N 2D W*R L2)2 3( %M E N 2J-)2 ("# : E :N 2 :R ) ! N 2.R ) :t L2%2 - G 3( e [0( 3 V 9 TWN E N 2 R ) ! N 2.R ) :_ Fe3+ 3( 0"$ 12 -D TD (-d E NF%$ TWN E :NV:2 (") !( :\ Fe3+ 3( 0"$ 12 -D TD (-d E NF%$ ! N 2.R ) D &2.2$ -& d E NF%$ :] L2%2 - G 3( e [0( 3 V 9 D &2.2$-& d E NF%$ :` N 2% d!"2R ) ! NO %9"d ) :a ,!"d ! L (! 3( %M 0 -#"# E N ' D ! 12 R L2 .d 9 0 -#"# : + :NO :%9"d ) : Ca 3( ":2 E :N :2.R ) ! :N 2 :R ) 12 : -D TD (-:= E :NF%$ : ^ Ca 3( %M E N 2.R ) ! N 2 R ) . %) N 4 X&0 9 ' LJS/ . 0 -#"# E NV2 (") !( . $( 4 X&0 9 ' LJS/ .[sn] D-[&%/ ( -W E! p2 :ˆ E :%9 : 8% -?! .(4 X&0) ( !( &:0G E :%9 : 8% ! E (-: E :N12 : -D 3( d :Y ! ( 0( 12 0 -D 9 "# *)$ Z 9 ( 12 2W20 c2d"D ! ' ! :6 $ 2 -0 E :NV::N"# h (":0 ! $ "9 - 7 8% E N -W -D # O("22bD # G O&G E( : P O -::6 ! : 9 :$ "9 -:: 7:: 8% 12 : -D O -6 9 ! E 2J-)2 ("# C -D ! j @"M @-%? E NQ.5 -N : ? g-.A X 0 d -0 N 2 ("#!T - VN"# (" ( $ %0 E :N d ! $ %0 -.9 .j 2 ? :d :9 :N :0 1 ( . "2# . -0 X2&'D 12 ("r E( ( 129 E N 0 12 -D E NVN"# X2&':D . ( 0 -.[) VN"# O -6 9 LN g [ 9 ! U2[ D W# E N 0 -.[D 9 ) ': Ž ': 3-:%N :N G E!":d X&:0 12%< g-~ : (3 ) :N 9 $ -VN"# - ("2R V2D("d-d- N. ( Fe 3( 0 T:d" -: ("2R 1:0! 72:0 Y , :/ 0 e [0( "9( :W# L) :2$ ! W# ! Na, K g ) ( ! 12 -D E NVN"# [ • %< E 0 9 ^/] 3( ")Wd [ P 1 ( "#( ? :Z *):$ Z V 3( -9 ! Al 3( %M E N -:9 ":)Wd :9 ?-D 9 E( P E N 2%2 E : "# ! ):0( .[n n ] :$( :0 :NQ.5 -N ^/a 3( i2:9 12 : -D E :NV:N"# X:Y(" [ -D dZ ":6 %/ 1: ( € 3-D 9 12 REE ':: ( ? Š )[ :: E-::* ( . ( ! :$ N := 1: ( )' . : ( -9 )' P -D d $( ': ( Sm )2 ("#!T -: "6 %/ E-* ( ! Tv : X:W/ [ ] :NE":2 [D : ! -9 3( %M E N -#"# :D 5% E j% 9 ! )0( ! W# :$ "9 -: 7: 8% E"2 [D E NF%$ -[ - : ":z 9 2 9 E( P E N12 E :N )': :9T2 ":9 N@ "# "2HID 3( = Y = %N ./ 9 ./ 9 12%•WN . $ : # ! TD (-::= 3( X;'::) E( : P E :NF%::$ ! E 25 -::$ .( -D 1 ( X2&'D [ ( ( -9 ! E 25 -$ E N -*9G) ?!"Z E N 0 3 XW/ : d : ! 12 : -D : %N : i%::d(! (-:: L) :2$ V: :d : 3 .[ns] -:0 : -.[) D &2.2$! -9 E :Ni%d(! 0 9 3 9 ( 12 - G (- E NF%$ E("9 :9T2 F%:$ ! :9 :? c:?- W# :W# E"2ZI:D X:Y(" :N 0 129 :d %d j ( .2 )R 2W20 ("# ŠP-:W . -:0 : (-: F%:$ 9 N 0 ‚ "q 3( -9 ? . -0 0 /F%$ EP 9 Š )[ -D X2&'D ! Al-Fe-Mg E :N ( -W ! :N :2.R ) :)2.R :N G X2&'D C %N *%:$ :$ h ("0 N 2%2 :$ "9 -: E :N -W L2$"D :N ' [+] Ca-Fe-Mg :' :D . $ N 2 R) d Al, Mg, Fe, Ca, Na -?- E N ::9T2 Š )[ ' -D E("9 E"2 [D *)$ Z ( 1:NG OS2;':D -:[ ( 12 : -D NF%$ 1 ( A8 "# '5'DG ! ( 12 - G E N REE "6 %/ *)$ Z -#"# -9 3( %M E N 0 7.2$! 9 E -D "6 %/ E-* ( = ' D -:#"# 3( i2R @ "# %2' ? ! [nn] G 3( X6 Y E( ( -D Al -D 1 ( ] N :2J-.d : ! : ?!"Z E :N :0 "::H( - 0 i%d(! ‚ "q 3( D %) N *)$ Z "* 29 E (- E N12 dZ [n ' ( ? Š[ " D *) ::9 G N12 :% (-D : 12%•WN NF%$ 1 ( .[n}] $( Al 3( %M h2A ': ( [0 E NF%$ REE "6 %/ L ( 12 : -D E :NV:N"# :d 1: ( -:.[D 7:j2) :N V: [ : 1 ( d D -6 €: 3-D ŠP-:W .(] X&:0) :%N : E :NF%:$ V: -D j ( -9 3( %M E N@ "# 7.2$! "::* E : N . ( E"2ZID : ! E (-: E :N :2%2 .[ ] -0 $( ' D 9 N@ "# :W# E :N 0 3( -9 E"# ' "9 E( P E N 2%2 F%:$ :9 ! %) :N %M -9 3( N@ "# d . $( E( P E N12 "# "H( Z ' D 9 -9 ? :Z *):$ Z -:9 ^/] 3( P 9 D"2M -.[D ! N :2J-.d *):$ Z :9 (-:D :W ( N12 ! -D - 9T2 Al 3( %M E N X2&':D :9 "j% -D € "$ EP :9 ( : -9 ) 9 "* ' 0 9 ^/a 3( ")'29 :' :D :9 :N G i PG ! N 0 :' :D E .[ n] -0 j ( N 2W20 Al 3( :%M E :N "# "9 N 0 i%d(! . $( FeO* = FeO/FeO + MgO -D d $( 12 .[ x] ( 0 X2&'D #3 $ "6 %/ O"? . -0 12 $( D Fe 3( ŠP-W "22bD 9 "j% F%$ -:0 ! *) 9 *) &0 Td" 9 9 Na, K % :& T2 h (":0 =!3 $ "z 9 3( :0 ": ( 1: ( . $( %M Na, K 3( ! B, F E! :Y E :N s 3 :9 E :NL) :2$ :9 :N .[n n}] :$( ) :9(! :%d : ":R ( F%:$ E N *) &0 12 : -D ET:d" [$ W q -D ! ( i%d(! D &2.2$-%2 - G E :N ( O -6 9 N 2 ("#!T :d E"2ZI:D X:Y(" j.Z E WY( d 9 -9 3( %M E N .[nw ] %N X2&'D .[n ] : $( \^ +t^ ppm : NX2::0 *):$ Z 1 ":DL Y D 3( -9 ! :2)Z( $ EN d d $ -::9 12* : 2 "z 9 1 ("9 %9 i (T ( 9 .[nx] %) N 12 R 7? h ("0 ! 0 (3G $ E N d!• ( -9 E N -9 ' s . . . E 2J-)2 ("# C -D Q5 J(3 12 -D -12 R "9("9 ^ 4aa T2 R 4 W0 \ .? \ D ^ + REE Td"WD . ( N@ "# [1] Slack J. F., Herriman N., Barnes R. G., Plimer I. 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