3. Green urban areas incorporating sustainable land use.

3. Green urban areas incorporating sustainable land use.
3A. Current Situation
Location Nijmegen
Nijmegen, uniquely located on a moraine area and the Waal, a diversified relief (80 meters) according
to Dutch standards, descending from the high and dry East to low and wet West. The oldest city in the
Netherlands was founded as a border town of the Roman Empire. Nijmegen developed as
a concentric semi-circle until 1990: its oldest nucleus and present centre on the river, and with a radial
road structure. The Waalsprong was set up after 1980 and now embraces Nijmegen along the river.
During its rapid development since 1860, Nijmegen has incorporated the beautiful estates and
monastery gardens into the urban fabric in a sustainable manner. Besides, a lot of greenery has been
added, such as the beautiful web of boulevards (circa 1880) around the centre and the extensive
Goffertpark (1939). Nijmegen's territory (5760 hectare) has been urbanized to the South of the Waal
and is becoming more urbanized to the North of the Waal, where it is still partly agricultural. Nijmegen
has 168,000 inhabitants, 70,000 homes.
Map 1: Municipality borders and Land Use
Economic activity is conducted mainly on the urban fringe, spacious living areas lie further from center
than compact neighbourhoods. From the centre, the (public) greens gradually spread, mainly in
districts like Dukenburg and Lindenholt with lots of natural greenery and water; neighbourhoods in the
'50s mostly with simple lawns with groups of trees.
Public greenery/dwelling places = 92m2 (standard government value = 75 m2);
Public greenery/capita = 40m2 (Figure 1/2/3).
Figure 1: Distribution
percentage/district
of
public
green
space
per
district,
Dutch
English
Wijknummer
Number of neighbourhood
Openbaar groen oppervlak (m2)
Public green surface (m2)
m2 openbaar groen per inwoner
m2 public green per inhabitant
openbaar groen %
public green %
per
capita/district
and
Figure 2: Number of inhabitants/district
Dutch
Bevolkingsomvang [aantal] 2010-2014
Stadsdeel uit Gemeente Nijmegen
Nijmegen-Centrum
Nijmegen-Oost
Nijmegen-Oud-West
Nijmegen-Nieuw-West
Nijmegen-Midden
Nijmegen-Zuid
Dukenburg
Lindenholt
Nijmegen-Noord
Onbekend
Totaal
English
Size of population (number) 2010-2014
Area of Municipality of Nijmegen
Nijmegen Centre
Nijmegen East
Nijmegen Old West
Nijmegen New West
Nijmegen Middle
Nijmegen South
Dukenburg
Lindenholt
Nijmegen North
Unknown
Total
Verkeer
4%
Bebouwd
7%
7%
Semi-bebouwd
Recreatief
19%
Agrarisch
Bos en open
natuurlijk terrein
10%
50%
3%
Figure 3: Land use in the Municipality of Nijmegen
Dutch
Verkeer
Bebouwd
Semi-bebouwd
Recreatief
Agrarisch
Bos en open natuurlijk terrein
English
Traffic
Built on
Partly built on
Recreational
Agricultural
Forest and open natural terrain
New developments
In the spatial development of Nijmegen, our Spatial Zoning Vision 2013 has a leading role, based on
theEcopolis strategy and embedded in our long-term ambitions for sustainability (energy neutral by
2045, climate-proof by 2050) and forecasts/estimates on population development. Greenery and
water provide important structural basis, and are essential links to the environment (river, moraine,
Ecological Network) (Map 2).
Map 2: Sustainable Urban Development (Spatial Zoning Vision 2013)
Dutch
Duurzame stedelijke ontwikkeling
Bestaande groengebieden
Waal en Maaswaal kanaal
Zoekgebieden binnenstedelijk groen
Investeren groen in en om de stad
Investeren in blauwe structuren
Waterveiligheid
Zoekgebieden windenergie
Trace warmtenet
Aandachtsgebieden klimaat (hitte+wateroverlast)
HOV
Snelfietsroute
Transferium
Ontwikkellocatie Waalfront/Waalsprong
English
Sustainable urban development
Existing green areas
Waal and Maas-Waal Channel
Search areas inner-city green
Investing green in and around the city
Investing in blue structures
Water safety
Search areas wind energy
Trace heat network
Focus areas climate (heat+flooding)
High Quality Public Transport
Super cycle route
Transferium
Development area Waalfront and Waalsprong
In the 90s the government gave Nijmegen a major building task: 12,000 homes. Nijmegen did not
want to sacrifice greenery and nature in the city and the region. The solution was the incorporation of
the agricultural neighbouring municipality Lent, North of the Waal. This district is provided with a
sustainable water system, stringent energy performance standards, district heating from the residual
heat of waste incineration and a robust green-blue framework that connects to the natural landscapes
around Nijmegen.
Climate change leads to more river water discharge. De Waal bend at Nijmegen is a bottleneck. The
state surprised Nijmegen assigning it to build a bypass across the Waalsprong, a huge intervention in
the urban morphology. This obligation to climate adaptation was used as a challenge for boosting
quality: a unique urban landscape, with a lot of unbroken nature, an island, a quay and space for
events and watersports. A green-blue artery through the city centre, the connection with nature on
both sides of the city: Nijmegen embraces de Waal (Figure 4, 10, 12). During the global Waterfront
Congress (New York, 2012) Nijmegen received the prestigious Waterfront Award for water
management and urban renewal.
Figure 4: Secondary channel and the new city centre Waalsprong
Restructuring, sustainable use of space
Nijmegen has many restructuring projects in the city center, residential areas and industrial estates.
Nijmegen has little undeveloped land, as preference has been given to infill, except in the
Waalsprong. Relocation of business areas provides space for attractive residential areas (Map 2:
Develop Location Waalfront). The renewal of the campuses (Radboud University + Business School
Arnhem Nijmegen (HAN) + Radboud University Medical Center) is a mega-project with a lot of public
investment in public transport (train/bus), cycling and the creation of attractive, sustainable and green
work environment.
Functional changes in the city center are accompanied with the addition of Green Allure (Figure 5).
Our participation in the European Future Cities reflects our ambition and way of thinking, with lots of
attention to the role of greenery and water in the climate adaptation. We develop our city for
sustainability: we test projects for sustainability with the new and nationally recognized GPR
methodology, which is applied in the whole City Region Arnhem-Nijmegen.
Quality of green and blue areas
Greenery and water are essential for the quality of the living environment, social cohesion and health
(social sustainability). Moreover, greenery and water, together with the cycling infrastructure, form a
basic, connective structure for urban development and spatial coherence with the surrounding
municipalities. Our budget focuses on citizen satisfaction with the (management of) greenery/water.
The multiannual average score is 7.5, for built-in districts structurally lower (5.8). The aim of our green
policy is to draw the built-in neighbourhood nearer towards the average.
Therefore, we have been applying a budget indicator since 2011: 'contiguous greenery of
0.5 hectare within 300 meter from each property' (Map 4). This is true now for more than 95% of the
residents. Moreover, our city council decided (2013) to establish more green space in neighbourhood
enclosed by main roads and rail, such as the Rose district, within 300 meters as standard, as soon as
special opportunities arise.
7
5
1
6
2
3
4
8
Map 4:
Red: Homes in 2011 further than 300 meters away from 0.5 hectare continuous green
Blue: New parks within a year of completion:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Park Korenmarkt, completed in 2012
Truus Mast Park completed in 2014 (see Section 3E 'Good Practices')
Park Tollensstraat, completion in 2015
Park Enkstraat, completion in 2015
Park Spekstraat, completion in 2016
Park Noviokassen, completion in 2016
Park community center De Biezantijn, completed in 2014
Expansion of greenery in Rozenbuurt (isolated neighbourhood)
The satisfaction with greenery and water is closely related to the range and quality of facilities for
outdoor games and recreational sport. Since 2003, we have been applying these standards: 1.5
playground/100 children under 12 years, one playground/100 children aged 12-18 years.
Establishment and management of playing areas in accordance with strict legal requirements. The
establishment of playing areas, but also places for young people (informal sports fields) and older
people (jeu de boules tracks, gardens for movement) takes place in close consultation with target
groups.
Since 2001, we focus on environmentally-friendly riverbanks and improvement of water quality for the
city's waters, in particular in the districts Dukenburg and Lindenholt, based on agreements and
investment programs with Water board Rivierenland and Rijkswaterstaat (National Water board).
Besides the value of the experience, the quality of the scenery is essential in our Main Green
Structure (in our historic parks and in the city centre) (Map 5). Restructurings connected to this are
strictly tested by the Urban Quality Commission. Furthermore, there are our main parks at the State
(archaeological) monument. So they fall under protection/quality control by the state.
Map 5: The urban greenery structure connects to the Ecological Network around the city
Dutch
Water en groenstructuren
Bosrijke groengebieden
Open groengebieden
Parken en binnenstedelijke groengebieden
Uiterwaarden
Waal en Maaswaal kanaal
English
Water and green structures
Green areas with a lot of forests
Open green areas
Parks and inner-city green areas
Floodplains
Waal and Maas-Waal channel
Watersystemen
Stuwwal
Water systems
Moraine area
The main tree structure provides a connective part of the green structure. In the event of felling, a tree
is re-planted in its place (1-to-1). For trees outside the main tree structure, the re-planting regime
depends on tree species and the particular situation.
The ideas book Green Allure Inner City has been in place since 2009 as a flywheel for green
innovation in Nijmegen, an emphatic wish of the residents and businesses. Results so far: two parking
places have been transformed into parks (figure 5), green wall, tree lanes in 5 shopping and 3
residential streets, green facades in various streets by residents/entrepreneurs, innovation with
greenery and esplanade fountain at the station (above the car park) and a park on a former factory
site. Green Allure Inner City has drawn on the European project Future Cities.
Figure 5: Green Allure Inner City Park Korenmarkt
Investments and exploitation of Greenery and Water
Nijmegen-Noord: approximately € 300 million in investments in green and blue infrastructures, partly
by the municipality, mostly by the government (2010-2020).
Park Lingezegen: investment of € 68.5 million, of which € 3.8 million of expenses from Nijmegen.
Nijmegen South of the Waal:
Management and maintenance of public greenery (main green structure + residential green area):
approximately € 6 million annually.
Management + investments in Games/informal sports in public parks: € 2 million annually.
Specific investments in greenery:
•
•
•
new parks in residential areas period 2010-2015, realization and preparation: € 5 million;
New green city centre, realization 2008-2013: € 2.5 million;
Investment volume in private and public restructuring projects: no exact information.
Specific other investments in the city:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
city water investment volume 2001-2012 €8 million .
subsidies (approximately 33%) to investments in private green roofs € 100,000 annually;
subsidies (approximately 33%) to investments in pruning/felling of trees for residents
€100,000 annually;
budget investments in pruning/felling projects in the public area €200,000 annually.
realization of pruning: 55 hectares up to 2006, 65 hectares from 2007 to 2013 (public and
private);
realization private green roofs 2010 to 20130: 3 hectares.
realization of participation project 'Green Ribbons' 2015: €200,000; following years
€300,000/year.
3B - Performance goals set up in the past
The general vision and purpose: a compact city with 0.5 hectares of green within 300 meters
of walking distance from each house, a green ring around the city, easily accessible by
bicycle, being conform to our overall city vision, and development of Waalsprong (see 3A
maps 2 & 5).
When restructuring land use, legal environmental standards are applicable for, among others,
soil, water, air, archeology and noise. For green structures, mostly municipal standards and
ambitions are applicable. The involvement of residents, businesses and institutions is huge:
based both on legal requirements for public participation, but also especially through active
participation in planning, design and management.
The construction of residential and commercial areas is synchronized within the city region ArnhemNijmegen: the city region chooses the concentration and optimal connection to the structure of public
transport. For the municipality of Nijmegen the state target of 12,000 homes applies.
The restructuring projects fit into the environmental development of Nijmegen: the process of
urbanization accelerated after 1950, with urban commercial areas transformed into residential areas
and industrial areas concentrated on major transport axes and on the outskirts of the city. The input
and desires of citizens has had a major influence on projects.
We list a number of restructuring projects below that reflect the development of Nijmegen during the
last ten years.
Restructuring Projects
Hessenberg
One of the urban transitions is at the former site of a newspaper office/printing firm (approximately 4
hectares) with 140 apartments, underground parking, very energy efficient, built-in nests for swiftswallows; currently the completion of the refurbishment of a monumental, dilapidated orphanage,
located near the monumental Kronenburgerpark.
Construction project Dobbelman
On grounds of a former soap factory (1.5 hectares) realization of a striking residential area,
completed in 2012, with a total of 200 homes (of which 50 are nursing homes), work project for the
disabled, studios, car-free lawn, indoor parking, using a factory frame; a striking factory chimney
(1920) is integrated; near Thiemepark, Vondelpark and Nature Garden.
Parks in Bottendaal
Bottendaal is a densely built and populated district near the inner city, close to the railway station,
surrounded by radial roads and rail. Since 1970, a process of relocation activities of businesses and
building new homes has been taking place. Besides, since 1995, greenery has been added at the
persistent wishes by residents:
•
•
•
At the location of the former cardboard factory, no housing construction, but the construction of
Nature Garden Bottendaal (0.18 hectares), managed by local residents; realization in 1995.
Thiemepark: much appreciated, a favourite meeting park (0.5 hectares), after the demolition of
the printing press, realized in 1999 (see Figure 6).
Vondelpark (0.4 hectares), formerly wholesaler of building materials), near new vocational
school and station, realized in 2007.
Figure 6: Thieme Park
Figure 7: plan sketch of Park West 1995
Park West
In densely built-up stone/brick neighbourhoods (1920-'50) with a shortfall of greenery and
environmental pollution from neighboring industrial estates. The urban building concept of 'Park
West' (Figure 7) consists of a string of parks, allotment gardens, sports fields, playgrounds, dog fields
(totaling approximately 50 hectares). Realization is associated with the reconstruction of residential
and industrial areas, the construction of a road bridge and a ring road, rainwater retention basins,
and environmental problems (reducing air and noise pollution). Realization almost completed.
Limos
When, after closing down, the Limos barracks (15 Hectares) has lost its function, huge buildings and
new complexes for homes were developed (also for specific weak groups, asylum seekers), an
elementary school, a restaurant and art studios, with underground parking. 10 hectares is public
parks, which benefit the densely built surrounding neighbourhood. Several bunkers have been
converted into cellars for bats. Residents living around manage the little natural forest. Realization
completed in 2008.
Reconstruction Waalfront
Transformation of former industrial area on the Waal (15 hectares) into housing. Forms an important
project in the vision of 'Nijmegen embraces the Waal'. Purpose sustainable residential area,
approximately 2,500 homes, high density, future-proof consideration of the discharge of water into
the Waal. Opening to Waal for built-up districts (1920-'30) to the South of Waalfront using industrial
heritage and cultural integration (old fortification). Realization process, design and construction pace
have since been adapted to the construction crisis. Realization: 2012-2020.
Restructuring the Heijendaal Estate (100 hectares)
The antiquated buildings of the Radboud University and the Radboud University Medical Center are
successively replaced by facilities conforming to modern requirements of use, higher operating
pressure and high durability standards in 1995-2015, adding student housing, preserving existing
student flats (solar energy) and total renovation of the university sports center, including energy
extraction from the soil. The intention is to recover as much as possible of the old structure of the
Heijendaal Estate and to develop it into a green campus (Figure 8). This is also the building location
of the new Business School Arnhem/Nijmegen (formerly scattered across town). Completion of the
most sustainable school building in the Netherlands in 2014. Public transport system adjusted
(special bus and cycling routes). Heijendaal Railway Station is modernized.
Figure 8: Campus Heijendaal Estate
Restructuring Hatert
The Hatert district, which has 132 hectares, 9700 inhabitants, built in 1950-1960 as uniform ruralstyle dwellings and condominiums, almost exclusively rented out, also in uniform, dull green, has
evolved into a socially problematic area. The district was declared to be one of 40 problematic neighbourhoods of the Netherlands in 2006. State, province, municipality, building companies and health
institutions have since invested heavily in the district, both in physical and social sustainability.
Regarding physical land use: renovation of the Park along the canal and establishment of colorful
flower beds in all public gardens (all together 2.5 hectares), disconnecting draining of storm water (10
hectares of roads and residential buildings) (investment of € 1.8 million) (Figure 9). Realization
completed in 2012.
Figure 9: Hatert Green Plan (new parks and greenery)
Waalsprong (12,000 houses) (realization 2005-2025)
The additional building project from the state could not extend to the South of the Waal due to large
effects on the quality of life and the destruction of nature. Design North of the Waal comes out of
the Ecopolis strategy: sustainable water structure and robust green structure, with connections to the
surrounding environment (Figure 8). Strategy initially met with defiance by private developers.
Figure 10: Water system Waalsprong
Dutch
Bestaand water
Nieuw water
droogvallende watergang
centrale wadi
overloopleiding naar singel
stuw
circulatiegemaal
English
existing water
new water
tidal watercourse
central wadi
overflow pipe to canal
weir
circulation pumping station
The Ecopolis strategy works excellently for water: rain water storage in a sustainable water system
(lakes, ponds and wades). For greenery, robust border areas are developed. Greenery in the districts
(300-meter standard) seems feasible despite the building crisis and the poor housing market.
Sustainable urban development and habitat quality is integral in planning and project development
through the sustainability methodology GPR. Connection to green and blue structures along the Waal
and in Park Lingezegen (=landscape park between Arnhem and Nijmegen; 1700 hectare, €68.5
million investment, completed in 2018).
Sustainability agenda
In our Spatial Zoning Vision, sustainable urban development is the basic theme in all spatial
developments. This sustainable approach is also taken into account in the economic development
(Energy and Environmental Technology), demographic change (binding people to the city, adaptable,
lifetime homes) and climate change (adaptation measures).
The ambitions are embodied in the Sustainability Agenda (2011): five tracks including the track of
sustainable urban development. In its framework, we work on climate adaptation, sustainable
building, sustainable green space and water. Sustainable urban development is closely interwoven
with our other four tracks (mobility, energy, economy, municipal buildings and organization).
Renovation of urban areas is linked with making houses more energy-efficient and the development
of the quality of public space, improving the structure of public transport and cycling.
In our Water Plan Nijmegen (2001), we, together with our partners, decided to:
co-operate more towards a sustainable water system, with the aim of a healthy and resilient water
system and an attractive living environment at the lowest cost to society.
From the Water Plan and sewer plans (indicator 8 and 9) we worked energetically on disconnecting:
the rainwater does not drain into the sewer, but filters into the ground. As of now, 115 hectares have
been disconnected since 2001(out of the 700 acres of pavement that drains into the combined
sewer). The Water Plan has also led to more water awareness among people through our Water
Service Point. Several fountains have been set up that make water visible in the city.
Quality of green and blue areas
There are no legal requirements for the amount and distribution of greenery; greenery is mainly a
local ambition. For water, however, there are compelling laws and regulations.
The green policy was established in the policy Green Belt (2007), with the opportunities and
frameworks for Nijmegen's greenery at city level and broken down to district level. The distribution,
size and quality of green and blue areas must meet criteria such as climate, games and sports, social
cohesion, health and marketing of the city. Specific elaboration is found in the Handbook of Urban
Trees, with legal rules and our policy regulations. In the budget, we have translated the progress of
the green policy into concrete indicators. Public investment in green and blue areas are always
initiated in consultation with community groups. The commitment to greenery as well as active
greenery management is huge (about 150 projects).
3C. Future plans
Nijmegen has chosen sustainable spatial development, with sustainable energy (via among others
solar panels, economization on energy, smart grids, district heating, transition of coal plant GDF
Suez, and wind energy) and climate adaptation (ancillary channel, Delta Programme) as the first
basic structures to be realized (Figure 11). Many of the current restructuring projects will be
completed in the coming years. We discuss the most important developments and plans below:
Figure 11: GDF SUEZ grounds (the coal plant is closing down; transition to sustainable
energy location) and Room for the Waal (construction of ancillary channel, relocating dikes)
Waalfront and Waalsprong
The economic crisis and the sluggish housing market are especially noticeable on large construction
sites. Therefore we focus on small construction flows and extension of the time horizon (Figure 12). A
positive side effect is that markets and consumers demand for distinctive quality and durability.
Figure 12: Urban development view
of Waalsprong
Dutch
Legenda
Ruime woonwijk
Gemengd
ruim/compact
Bedrijventerrein
Compacte
woonwijk
Centrum
Eiland (nog geen
invulling)
English
Legend
Spacious
residential area
Combination
spacious/compact
Industrial area
Compact
residential area
Centre
Island (to be
determined)
Collective private commissions are
also deployed in Waalsprong: individuals jointly
develop their own projects themselves. They
are building 50 sustainable residential units of
clay and reeds, with low parking norms, low
energy costs and a new sanitation concept as a
housing association with a group of the
residents.
Individuals also build sustainable homes made
of straw (Figure 13). A city island, a secondary
channel, a green and water management
structure and main infrastructure (including a
heating network) as well as facilities like
schools and health facilities are constructed
according to plan, which is attractive for future
developers, builders and residents.
Figure 13: Waalsprong: construction of one
of the straw houses
At Waalfront, (among others in the former soup factory Honig (Figure 14) and in the former spinning
mill Vasim) the solution is sought by temporarily (8 years) allocating otherwise empty business
premises (for artists' studios, a skating hall, a covered market place), also in the context of 'creation
of space'. The project focuses more strongly on opportunities offered by the market: more organic,
gradual district development rather than large-scale top-down construction flows. The potential
remains enormous, due to the excellent location on water, close to the city centre and good access.
Figure 14: Honig Complex: part of development location to live and work; in the next eight
years temporary innovative place making
Delta Programme
With the new National Delta Programme, the Dutch government wants to prepare us well for the
climate change in this century, which is also essential for Waalsprong and Waalfront. The Delta
Programme contains proposals and strict standards for setting up water-robust installations (besides
Water Security and Sweet Water plans).
In the Delta Programme of 2015, the requirement of climate resilience by 2050 is laid down for the
cities (resistance to increasing rainfall, drought and heat). The Delta Decision for Spatial Adaptation,
with which Nijmegen co-operates very actively, will include concrete recommendations for cities. This
can provide opportunities and limitations, especially for plan development in the Waalfront.
Vision and plans
Nijmegen already has a substantial building task, as limits to growth come in sight. Developmentoriented management of the city is becoming more and more important. In the coming years the
focus remains on sustainability in the built stock, priority for bicycles and public transport and
providing space for renewable energy. The foundation lies in our City Vision 2020 (prepared in 2013)
and the Spatial Zoning Vision. Both visions are the result of coordination with neighbouring
municipalities, higher authorities, German authorities and of extensive consultation among citizens,
businesses and institutions.
The City Vision 2020 lists ten essential principles:
1. We cherish our special history, our unique location, our identity as a city for knowledge and
students, and the unique and social institution of the citizens of Nijmegen.
2. The strength of the city lies in experimentation and innovation, in enterprises, institutions,
breeding grounds of ideas, and networks, besides all that has been built up during our long
history and is still successful.
3. Nijmegen wants to be a modern city with space and opportunity for all, where citizens,
institutions, businesses and government work together on an acceptable existence for all.
4. Nijmegen becomes even more beautiful by working on the environmental quality in special
places, respecting the unique character of the neighbourhood.
5. We are improving the accessibility of and in the city by giving priority to high-quality public
transport and cyclists.
6. Together with businesses and residents, we invest in a sustainable city: energy-neutral,
clean and green.
7. We strengthen our leading position in the field of life sciences by focusing on
connections among health, nutrition and exercise.
8. Nijmegen wants to be a European city where people work, study and live without
borders.
9. Nijmegen supports regional cooperation where the choice of partners and form depends on
the subject matter.
10. The city of Nijmegen wants to be a modern, reliable and fair government, less of
a hindrance and more a facilitator.
The new City Council (from 2014) remains committed to the City vision and the Sustainability
Agenda (as to the target of energy neutrality by 2045). For next four years, the green ambition is:
• City greenery in the context of the "300-meter green standard" according to the decision of
the council of October 2013, where locations and finances were determined.
• In addition, extra credit for greenery in Nijmegen Old-West (€1,000,000).
• Together with neighboring municipalities and other partners, continue with the green ring
around the city: completion of the realization of the first phase Lingezegen Park; and starting
with the follow-up phase.
• The continued development of the green-blue axis in the city center, in conjunction with the
nature and river landscape outside the city.
• Management of large green areas in and around the city as much as possible into the hands
of nature conservation organizations (Figure 15). In urban green management, we involve
citizens more and more, transfer of 5% of management budget to neighborhood groups.
• In 2015 € 200,000, in the following years € 300,000/year as incentive for residents projects
focused on ecology (such as badgers, butterflies, bees, swifts, otters, peregrine falcons) and
urban agriculture, green instead of gray and tree campaign (10,000 extra trees, 60,000).
• € 375,000 annually for greenery improvements in public space in residential areas
Figure 15: Webpage of the Society
administrator Nijmegen Heumensoord
for
the
Preservation
of
Nature,
3D. References
Policy documents
Coalition agreement 2014-2018: Together for a social, sustainable and enterprising Nijmegen.
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/milieuenafval/groen
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/mmbase/attachments/1497568/R2013128topindicator_groen_en_besteding_opbrengst_Heumensoord.pdf(indicator 300m standard for
green)
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/visies_op_stadsontwikkeling/structuurvisie
(Spatial
Zoning Vision 2013)
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/gemeente/beleid/stadsvisie (City Vision 2020)
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/gemeente/belastingen__financien/stadsbegroting_jaarstukken (City Budget
2014-2018)
Green management by municipality and residents
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/milieuenafval/groen/beheer
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/milieuenafval/groen/groen_zelf_beheren
http://eetbaarnijmegen.nl/
http://participatiekaart.nl/nijmegen
http://www.natuurmonumenten.nl/natuurgebied/heumensoord
Special developments
http://www.waalsprong.nl
http://www.waalfrontnijmegen.nl
www.honigcomplex.nl/ (Honig Complex otherwise temporarily appropriated for Waalfront)
http://devasim.nl/ (Vasim Complex otherwise temporarily appropriated for Waalfront)
http://www.waalhalla-centrum.nl/ (Walhalla, otherwise temporarily appropriated for Waalfront)
http://http://www.ruimtevoordewaal.nl
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/Ruimte_voor_de_Waal
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/Waalsprong
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/wonen/ontwikkeling/waalfront
http://www.strowijknijmegen.nl/ (straw houses in Waalsprong)
http://www.klimaatbestendigestad.nl/dbra.html (Delta Decision Spatial Adaptation)
http://parklingezegen.nl/ (Park Lingezegen)
http://mozartbuurt.nl/groene-parel/ (Truus Mastpark)
Statistical information
http://www2.nijmegen.nl/gemeente/onderzoekencijfers/stads-_en_wijkmonitor
http://nijmegen.buurtmonitor.nl/
3E. Best practices
Two transitions to sustainable land use, very different in scale, but identical in nature, means of
realization and objectives, and also identical in their ways of description below:
Truus Mastpark (0,5 hectares)
In a built-up district, on site of a former swimming pool, after removal of soil contamination; plan
developed together with residents; residents will manage some gardens, use the park for leisure,
keeping contact and festivities. Investment of € 600,000; delivered: in August 2014. See Figure 16.
Dutch
Naar de begraafplaats
Plantvak (neutraal)
Aan te planten boom
Fietshuis
Zitplek
Extra oversteekplek
Plantvak (kleurrijk)
Speelornament
Speelkuil
Bestaande bomen
Schetsontwerp Parkje
Voormalige Zwembad Oost
English
To the cemetery
Plant area (neutral)
Tree to be planted
Bicycle home
Sitting area
Additional crossover
Plant area (colourful)
Playing ornament
Playing circle
Existing trees
Sketch Park Former
Swimming pool east
Figure 16: Draft plan of Truus Mastpark
Park Lingezegen (1700 hectares)
In urbanized area between Arnhem and Nijmegen, on former agricultural area, with removal of local
soil contamination and unexploded explosives from World War II; developed plans with farmers, other
landowners and residents; plenty of space for sustainable private initiatives (including business), such
as urban agriculture, recreation, sport, health care, provided it is appropriate within the landscaped
park. Investment (phase 1) of € 68.5 million, of which € 3.8 million from Nijmegen; completion 80% in
2014, remainder due by 2018. See Figure 17.
Figure 17: Planning map Park Lingezegen