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Reconnaissance Survey of Pollution Load of River Kali
Reconnaissance Survey of Pollution Load of River Kali CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India) Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110032 Website: www.cpcb.nic.in e-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Chapter 1.0 Background 2.0 Objective of the study 2.1 Methodology 3.0 Observations 3.1 Problem Area 3.2 Sampling locations of Point Sources 3.2.1 Point Sources 3.2.2 Salient features of point source around Meerut City 3.2.3 Drain wise assessment of pollution load 4.0 Distribution of pollution load with Industry Specific 5.0 River Points 6.0 Major Findings 7.0 Recommendations Page 1 1 1-3 4 4 4 6 7-9 10-19 19 21-26 26-27 27 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 1.0 BACKGROUND The Kalinadi is an intermittent river, flowing during the monsoon season. It originates near Khatholi town (Uttar Pradesh) and flows through the districts of Meerut, Hapur, Bulandshar, Aligarh, Kasganj and finally merges with river Ganga at Kannauj (Uttar Pradesh). The area under study is a part of the Indogangetic Plains, lies between the latitude 29°9' 34.29” N to 27°1'321.34"N and the longitude 77°45' 15.10” E to 77°58'14.03"E in districts of Uttar Pradesh. The climate of the area is characterized by a moderate type of subtropical monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the area is about 1000 mm, out of which the main part is received during the monsoon period. The major land use is agriculture and there is no effective forest cover. The soils of the area are loam to silty loam and are free of carbonates. River Kali has a total length of 550 km (approximately). Earlier, Kali river gets water during monsoon season and groundwater recharge. Now a days, groundwater recharge is minimal and mostly industrial & domestic wastewater is discharged in to river Kali system. The river receives considerable amounts of wastewater every day from the industries and municipal area of Meerut city, Hapur, Bulandshar city which leads to deterioration of water quality. Reconnaissance 2.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of the study was to assess the pollution level of River Kali and its tributaries drain which ultimately leads to increase in pollution level of Ganga river at downstream of Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh. Pollution load of river Kali also leads to sanitary nuisance such as generation of foul smell due to anaerobic condition. 2.1 METHODOLOGY: The methodology adopted for the study: i) Desk Inventory ii) Wet Inventory 1. Desk inventory: To carry out the present study, dry inventory was conducted based on background information available in-house and from regional offices of State Pollution Control Board Uttar Pradesh. During dry inventory monitoring scheduled and sites were finalized. Satellite image of river was also framed as shown in figure1. Sampling was performed keeping in view of the following: a) Continuous flow is taking place at the sampling point and in near periphery. b) Samples collection from centre of drain. 2. Wet Inventory: The CPCB’s team monitored river Kali and its drains during 17th October – 19th October, 2011. The identified sampling points included river Kali at upstream and downstream of major cities, its contributories drains. The sampling locations are summarized in table 1. 1 Chhuiya Drain River Kali Ganga Canal from Bijnor used for dilution of river Kali near confluence point of Chhuiya Drain 2 Figure 1: Satellite image of river Kali alongwith adjoining drains Bulanshar Drain Drain Kadrabad Drain Hapur Drain Camela drain Abu Nallah-2 Abu Nallah-1 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Table 1: Sampling locations of river and their adjoining drain Sl.No. 1. Code KR1 Source River Name Kali nadi 2. KR2 River Kalinadi 3. KD1 Drain AbuNallah-1 4. KR3 River Kalinadi 5. KD2 Drain AbuNallah-2 6. KD3 Drain 7. KR4 River 8. KD4 Drain 9. KD5 Drain 10. KD6 Drain 11. KD7 Drain 12. KR5 River 13. KD8 Drain 14. KR6 River 15. KD9 Drain Location Near Lawaru Village NH19- near Saini Village Near village Gesupur Latitude 29° 7'2.00"N Latitude 77°44'27.88"E 29° 2'9.74"N 77°47'10.90"E 28°57'42.98"N 77°45'53.47"E Near village Gesupur 28°57'42.98"N 77°45'53.47"E 28°57'7.38"N 77°44'37.81"E 28°56'29.68"N 77°44'18.26"E 28°48'42.34"N 77°48'43.63"E 28°43'40.10"N 77°52'20.99"E 28°41'5.06"N 77°47'7.64"E 28°38'21.63"N 77°47'2.38"E 28°35'28.64"N 77°48'10.90"E 28°35'29.58"N 77°49'28.78"E 28°25'1.47"N 77°51'12.47"E 28°23'38.85"N 77°51'48.81"E 28°23'34.82"N 77°51'38.22"E Front of Kirti Palace Slaughter Near House Drain Kajipur or Camela Drain Kalinadi Near Kaol Village Chhuyia NH-24 Drain Hapur Drain Near Akroli village Kadarabad Near Drain Brijnathpur Sugar Mills Gulaothi Near Drain Railway Track Kalinadi Near Aichana Bulandshar Near Drain-1 Devpura-1 colony Kalinadi D/s of Bulandshar Bulandshar Near Drain-2 Mohan Katti 3 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 3.0 OBSERVATIONS 3.1 Problem Area The present study covers River Kali from Lawaru village, Uttar Pradesh (U.P) to Bulandshar, U.P. Different type of industries (Distilleries, Paper Mills, Diaries, Sugar Mills) discharges their partially treated and untreated effluent into said river. Untreated/Partially treated sewage of Meerut, Hapur, Gulaothi leads to deterioration of water quality of Kalinadi. 3.2 Sampling Locations of Point Sources Grab samples were collected from 10 locations and analyzed for physio-chemical parameters such as pH, TDS, TSS, Total Kjedehal Nitrogen, BOD, COD, DO. Point source and river sampling points is depicted in table 2. The sampling points are depicted on Schematic flow diagram at figure 2. Table 2: Point Sources of River Kali Sl.No. Code Source 1. KD1 Drain Point Source AbuNallah-1 2. KD2 Drain AbuNallah-2 3. KD3 Drain 4. BG Canal Slaughter House Drain or Camela Drain Ganga Canal Near Chhapokali 5. KD4 Drain 6. KD5 Drain 7. KD6 Drain Kadarabad Drain 8. KD7 Drain Gulaothi Drain Near Akroli village Near Brijnathpur Sugar Mills Near Railway Track 9. KD8 Drain Bulandshar Drain-1 Near Devpura-1 colony Domestic Drain 10. KD9 Drain Bulandshar Drain-2 Near Katti Domestic Drain Chhuyia Drain Hapur Drain Location Description Near village Gesupur Mixed Drain Front of Kirti Palace Near Kajipur Domestic Drain Mixed Drain NH-24 Mohan Fresh Water Mixed Drain Mixed Drain Mixed Drain Domestic Drain 4 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Figure 2: Schematic Flow diagram of River Kali 5 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 3.2.1 Point Sources: lytical results of point sources are depicted in table 3. BOD load and flow Analytical distribution of adjoining drains are shown in figure 3 and 4. Table 3: Analytical results of point sources SL.No. Point Source Flow (MLD) Parameters BOD load kg/day pH COD BOD TSS TDS TKN 1. AbuNallah-1 50 7.70 303 113 86 1540 5650 2. AbuNallah-2 188 7.40 284 108 230 648 20304 3. 7.21 888 520 789 1132 72800 4. Slaughter 140 House Drain or Odean Nallah Chhoyia Drain 86 8.27 3170 731 257 5076 62886 5. Hapur Drain 56 7.46 145 31 128 - 1736 6. Kadarabad Drain Gulaothi Drain 49 7.96 97 21 35 - 1029 4 7.26 385 183 290 - 732 Bulandshar Drain-1 Bulandshar Drain-2 22 7.95 70 22 47 - 484 - 7.34 105 40 143 - - 7. 8. 9. Note : All units are measured in mg/l except pH Kadarabad Drain 8% Gulaothi Drain 1% Bulandshar Drain-1 4% AbuNallah-1 AbuNallah 8% Hapur Drain 9% AbuNallah-2 AbuNallah 32% Chhuyia Drain 14% Slaughter House Drain or Odean Nallah 24% Figure 3: Pie Pie-chart showing Flow distribution of adjoining drains 6 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Kadarabad Drain 1% Hapur Drain 1% Gulaothi Drain 1% Bulandshar Drain-1 0% AbuNallah-1 AbuNallah 3% AbuNallah-2 12% Chhuyia Drain 38% Slaughter House Drain or Odean Nallah 44% Figure 4: Pie-chart chart shows BOD load distribution of adjoining drains Close examination to table 3 and figure 3 and 4 reveals that flow-wise wise Abu Nallah 2 and Odean Nallah are the highest and the drains Chhoiya, Abu nallah 1, Hapur and Kadrabad are of same group with around 50 MLD. While considering the load load-wise wise distribution, Chhoiya and Slaughter house drains are the highest follows by Abu Nalla Nalla-2. 2. Abu Nallah-1, Na Hapur, Kadrabad drain are of same group. The domination of Chhoiya and Slaughter house drain is due to industrial discharges of industrial wastewater. 3.2.2 Salient features of Point Source around Meerut City A. Abu Nallah-1, 1, Abu Nallah Nallah-2 and slaughter house drain (Camela drain) carries industrial and domestic wastewater of Meerut city city. 378 MLD of combined/mixed wastewater is discharged into river Kali and out of which 26.2 MLD is industrial wastewater and remaining 351.8 MLD is sewage water. Meerut city has 33mld sewage treatment capacity out of which 1 MLD is in operation. 48 MLD capacity is under construction. Even if 80 MLD is in operation it is highly inadequate to meet the requirement. Sewage Treatment Plants installation in the process aand Meerut Development Authority (MDA) are installing 09 STPs. Status of STPs in Meerut city is depicted in table 4. Sugar Mills, Paper Mills and distilleries discharged partially/untreated wastewater either into said drains or into river Kali. Quantification of industrial wastewater discharged directly into river Kali is depicted in table 5 and flow distribution of said three drains is shown in figure 5. Table 4: Status of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) located in Meerut Sl.No Location of STP Capacity Commissioned Status (MLD) Authority Lohia Nagar 10 Meerut Completed but 1. Development not 7 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Sl.No Location of STP Capacity (MLD) 2. Satabadi Nagar 15 3. Shradhapuri Phase –I 06 4. Sainik Vihar 06 5. Pallopuram Phase-I 7 6. Ganga Nagar 10 7. Ved Viyaspur 15 8. Pandav Nagar 01 9. Pullopuram Phase-I 05 10 Rakshapuram 06 Slaughter House Drain or Odean Nallah-140 MLD Commissioned Authority Authority Meerut Development Authority Meerut Development Authority Meerut Development Authority Meerut Development Authority Irrigation Department Meerut Development Authority Meerut Development Authority Meerut Development Authority Meerut Development Authority Status Commissioned Completed but not Commissioned Under Construction Under Construction Completed but not Commissioned Under Construction Under Construction Commissioned and consent from SPCB granted Under Construction Under Construction AbuNallah-1 50 MLD 188 AbuNallah-2 -188 MLD Figure 5: Pie-chart chart shows flow distribution of Abu Nallah Nallah-1, Abu Nallah-22 and Slaughter House drain 8 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Sl No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Table 5: Status of polluting Industries in U.P. discharging effluent into River Kali (E) Name and Address of Products ETP Disposal Final Remarks Effluen Industry Status through disposal t in to Quantit River y (KLD) M/s Anand Duplex Ltd. Duplex Board Installed Kali Kali Waste paper 3000 Saini Meerut 75 T/D based M/s Dev Priya Products P. Kraft paper 200 Installed Kali Kali Waste paper 4000 Ltd. Saini Meerut T/D based M/s Dev priya Parpers P. Duplex Board Installed Kali Kali Waste paper 1500 Ltd. Saini Meerut 60 T/D based M/s Anand Triplex Ltd. Duplex Board Installed Kali Kali Waste paper 4500 Saini Meerut 125 T/D based M/s New Bonanja Ind. Ltd. Kraft paper Installed Kali Kali Waste paper 3000 Saini, Meerut 60T/D based M/s Ajanta Handtex P. Ltd. Textiles Installed Kali Kali 10 Garh Road Meerut Dyeing Kali Kali M/s Ashoka Handloom Textiles Installed Unit-II (Anjuman Dye)arh Dyeing 15 Rd Meerut Kali Kali M/s Mudra Cold Storage Frozen meat Installed Garh Road Meerut packaging 25 30T/D Kali Kali M/s Mikki Export Jaim Frozen meat Installed Road Meerut packaging 5 5 T/D Kali Kali M/s Pashupati Textiles Textiles Installed 8 Garh Road Meerut Dyeing M/s Shilpi Handigeb Pvt. Textiles Installed Kali Kali 20 Ltd., Garh Road, Meerut Dyeing Kali Kali Seasonal M/s U.P. State Sugar Sugar 2500 Installed Industry TCD Corporation, Panninagar 1000 Bulandshahar Kali Kali Seasonal M/s Agauta Sugar Sugar 2500 Installed Industry Chemicals Ltd, TCD 1200 Bulandshahar Kali Kali Zero M/s U.P. Cooperative Alcohol 30 Installed Discharge Sugar `Federation, Anoop KLD Shahar Bulandshahar Kali Kali Seasonal M/s Kishan Shakari Chini Sugar 2500 Installed Industry Mills Jahgirabad, TCD 1200 Bulandshahar Kadrabad Kali Zero M/s Ghaziabad organic Ltd. Industrial Installed Drain Discharge Distillery Unit Bhojpura Alcohol 50 500 Modinagar, Ghaziabad KLD Nala Kali M/s Mikki Export Jaim Frozen meat Installed Road Meerut packaging 5 5 T/D Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board 9 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 3.2.3 Drain wise assessment of Pollution Load 1. Abu Nallah-1: 50 MLD of flow was measured and BOD load of 5650 kg/day is measured with BOD concentration of 113 mg/l. Abu Nallah-11 is a mixed drain and carries 8.6 MLD of industrial water and 41.4 MLD of domestic waste water of Meerut. Sampling point is depicted in figure 6. Details of the industries discharging their partially/untreated waste into Abu Nallah Nallah-1 are shown in table 6 Figure 6: Abu Nallah-1 Table 6: Status of polluting Industries in U.P. discharging effluent into Abu Nallah Nallah-1 Sl No. Name and Address of Industry Products ETP Status 1. M/s Daurala Sugar works (Distillery Unit) Daurala Meerut Alcohol 60 KLD Installed 2. M/s United Spirits (Central Distillery) Meerut Cantt Alcohol10900 KL/ Annum Installed 3. M/s Indian Potash Ltd.Sakauti Tanda Meerut M/s Daurala Sugar works (Distillery Unit) Daurala Meerut M/s Daurala Sugar works (Chemical Unit) Daurala Meerut Sugar 1800 TCD Alcohol 60 KLD Installed 4. 5. 6. 7. M/s Daurala Organics Daurala Meerut M/s Skol Breweries Ltd. Meerut Cantt. Organics chemicals, drugs Intermediates Fine organics chemicals 350 T/Month Breweries Effluen t Quantit y (KLD) 1500 Only Bottlin g 700 Installed Disposal through Final Remarks disposal in to River Abu Nallah-1 Kali Zero Discharge Abu Nallah-2 Kali Only Bottling Abu Nala Kali Abu Nala Kali Seasonal industry Zero Discharge Abu Nala Kali Abu Nala Kali Abu Nala Kali 1500 Installed 3600 Installed 1240 Installed 120 Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board 10 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Table 7: Status of polluting Industries in U.P. discharging effluent into Odean nallah Sl No. Name and Address of Industry Products ETP Status Effluent Quantity (KLD) Disposal through Final disposal in to River 1. M/s H.M. Polytex Shyam Nagar Meerut Textiles Dyeing Installed 10 Odean Nala Kali 2. M/s Al-Junaid Food Product Hapur Road Meerut Frozen meat packaging 30T/D Installed 25 Odean Nala Kali 3. M/s Al-Aqsa Foods Product Alipur Hapur Road Meerut Frozen meat packaging 30T/D Installed 25 Odean Nala Kali 4. Al-Kaif Ind. Alipur Meerut Frozen meat packaging30 T/D Installed 20 Odean Nala Kali 5. M/s Al-Faheem Meatex Pvt. Ltd. Hapur Road, Meerut Frozen meat packaging 16 T/D Installed 20 Odean Nala Kali 6. M/s Pashubadshala Nagar Nigam Merrut Animal Slaughtering Not Installed 1000 Odean Nala Kali Remarks Closed Closure order issued by the Board 7. M/s Al-Aliya Export Hapur Road Meerut Frozen meat packaging30 T/D Installed 25 Odean Nallah Kali Closed 8. M/s U.P. Dying and Printing Nauchandi Ground Meerut Textiles Dyeing Installed 20 Odean Nallah Kali - 9. M/s Harbans Foods P. Ltd. Mohddinpur Meerut Dairy Installed Odean Nallah Kali M/s Arshi Textiles Hapur Road Meerut Textiles Dyeing Odean Nallah Kali 10. 300 Installed 10 Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board 4. Chhoyia Drain: Chhuyia drain carries industrial waste water of Mawana sugar mills and other industries of Meerut. Chhuyia is a mixed drain and carries 9.58 MLD of 12 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI industrial water and 76.42 MLD of domestic waste water of Meerut Meerut. BOD load of Chhoiya Drain is 62886 MLD with BOD concentration of 731 MLD. Details of the industries discharging industrial effluent to Chhoiya Drain is depicted in table 8. Sampling point is shown in figure 10 and 11. Figure 10 and 11 : Sampling point of Chhoiya Drain Table 8: Status of polluting Industries in U.P. discharging effluent into Chhoiya Drain Sl No. Name and Address of Industry 1. M/s Naglamal Sugar Complex (Sugar Unit) Naglamal Meerut Sugar6000 TCD Installed M/s Chamunda Papers P. Ltd. Dherkhera Meerut Kraft paper 40 T/D Installed 2. Products ETP Status Effluen t Quanti ty (KLD) 2500 Disposal through Final disposal in to River Chhoiya Nala Kali Seasonal industry Chhoiya Nala/Kadar abad Drain Kali Waste paper based/ combined ETP with M/s Chamunda Paper Chhoiya Nala Kali Agro based Presently waste paper based Chhoiya Nala Kali Waste paper based 850 3. M/s Anand Tissues Ltd. Fitkari Meerut Kraft paper 50T/D Installed 4000 4. M/s Sangal Papers Ltd. Vill. Bhainsa Mawana Road Meerut News print paper 100 T/D Installed 2200 Remarks 13 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Sl No. 5. Name and Address of Industry M/s Aqdas Foods Pvt. Ltd. Syal, Meerut Products Frozen meat packaging 25 T/D ETP Status Effluen t Quanti ty (KLD) Installed 25 Disposal through Chhoiya Nala Final disposal in to River Kali Remarks - Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board canal:: Surplus amount of fresh water is released into 5. Dilution of Kali River via Ganga canal river Kali from Ganga canal near Chhapokali village for the purpose of dilution in said river. Photograph showing Ganga canal releasing water into river Kali in figure 12 and 13. Figure 12 and 13 showing release of fresh water into river Kali 6. Hapur town: rain carries 56 MLD of industrial and domestic waste water from Hapur Drain: Hapur Drain Hapur town with BOD load of 1736 kg/day. Sampling site of Hapur drain near Akroli village is shown in figure 14.. M/s Novbhart Duplex Ltd. Bdnauli, Ghaziabad discharge 1050 KLD of effluent to Hapur drain via small Chhoiya drain. 14 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Table 9: Status of industrial units discharging wastewater in Kadrabad drain Sl No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Name and Address of Industry Products ETP Status M/S U.P. StateSugarCorp.Ltd. Mohiddinpur Meerut M/s Sumit Agro Products Ltd. Panchli Meerut M/s Paswara papers Ltd. Mohiddinpur Meerut Sugar 2500 TCD Installed News print paper 100 T/D Kraft paper 50T/D Installed M/s Dev agro priya Fibers Panchli Meerut Kraft paper 120 T/D Installed M/s Ashok Handloom Unit-I, Shyam Nagar Meerut M/s Jyoti Ind. Partapur Meerut Textiles Dyeing Installed Textiles Dyeing Installed M/s Kamal Prints Udyogpuram Meerut M/s Modern Process House, Mohkampur Meerut M/s Olympic Fastners Partapur Meerut Textiles Dyeing Textiles Dyeing Installed Dyeing Installed Kali 160 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 20 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 450 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 40 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 325 20 10 Installed Textiles Dyeing Installed Dyeing Installed Textiles Dyeing Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 15 15 12. M/s Shakun Handi Fab Gangol Road Partapur Meerut 13. M/s Avante Grade Carpet P. Ltd. Gangol Road Meerut 14. M/s Gangol Sahkari Dugdh Udpadak Sangh Ltd. 15. M/s Aunpuam Processors (Mayur Tex Process House) Partapur Seasonal industry Kali 3300 Installed Kali Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain 700 Textiles Dyeing Remarks 15 Installed 11. M/s Ramatex Process House Rithali Meerut Final disposal in to River 130 4000 Dyeing Disposal through Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad Nala Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad Drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad Drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad Drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad Drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad Drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain 1000 10. M/s Olympic Zippers P. Ltd. Partapur Meerut Dairy Efflue nt Quanti ty (KLD) Installed Installed Installed Kali Kali Kali Waste paper based Waste paper based Waste paper based Kali Kali Kali Kali 16 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Sl No. Name and Address of Industry Products ETP Status Meerut 16. M/s Nelco India P. Ltd. Mohakampur Meerut Sports Goods 17. M/s Rachit Prints Partapur Meerut Textiles Dyeing Installed 18. M/s Rajkumar Textiles Meerut Textiles Dyeing Installed 19. M/s National Handloom Ind., Mohakampur Phase-II, Meerut 20. M/s Modi Sugar Mills, Modi Nagar Ghaziabad 21. M/s modinagar Papers Mills Ltd, Modi Nagar, Ghaziabad 22. M/s Modi Pon Fibers Company, ModiNagar, Ghaziabad 23. M/s Ordinance Factory Muardnagar, Ghaziabad 24. M/s Kailash Dairy Delhi Road Meerut Textiles Dyeing Installed Sugar 5000 TCD Semi Craft paper 50 TPD Installed Nilon Yarn/ polyester Chip 19940Mt/Yr Defence Equipment Dairy Installed 25. M/s Modi Distillery, Modi Nagar Ghaziabad 26. M/s Shimbhawali Sugar Mills (Brijnathpur Distilary Unit), Pancsheel Nagar 27. M/s Shimbhawali Sugar Mills (Brijnathpur Sugar Unit), Pancsheel Nagar 28. M/s Ghaziabad organic Ltd. Distillery Unit Bhojpura Modinagar, Ghaziabad Efflue nt Quanti ty (KLD) 10 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 15 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 20 Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Kali 30 Kali 2040 Kadrabad Drain Kadrabad Drain Kadrabad Drain Kali 600 Oxidation pond - Partapura/ Kadarabad Drain Kadrabad Drain Kali Kadrabad Drain Kali Kadrabad Drain Kali Seasonal Industry Kadrabad Drain Kali Zero Discharge 500 21000 Installed Installed Installed 300 Sugar 3000 TCD Installed Industrial Alcohol 50 KLD Installed Remarks Kali 300 Alcohol 30 KLD - Final disposal in to River Partapura Drain/ Kadrabad drain Installed Installed Disposal through 300 500 Kali Kali Seasonal Industry Waste papers Based Zero Discharge Zero Discharge Seasonal Industry Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board 8. Gulaothi drain: Gulaothi drain carries 04 MLD of domestic wastewater into river. BOD load of Gulaothi drain is 732 kg/day. Figure 17 and 18 shows sampling location of said drain. 17 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 200 180 Flow in MLD 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 Total Flow 20 Domestic 0 Industrial Figure 21: Drain Drain-wise domestic and industrial pollution load 4.0 Distribution of Pollution Load with Industry Specific Sugar mills, Paper mills, Distilleries and textile dyeing industries discharged their untreated/partially treated effluent either into river Kali or into Abu nallah nallah-1, Kadarabad drain, Chhoiya drain and Odean Nallah. Distribution of different industrial sector effluent to different recipients is depicted in Table 110. Figure 22 to 277 shows industrial wastewater distribution using pi-charts. 19 Paper Mills 76% Diary & others 2% Sugar mills 13% Figure 25: Industrial wastewater distribution of Chhoiya drain Frozen Meat 0% Sugar mills 26% Figure 22: Industrial effluent distribution of Kadarabad drain Textile & Dyeing 9% Paper Mills 74% Odean Nallah, 1.455 Waste Paper 80% Fine Organics 61% Distilleries & Breweries 39% Figure ure 24 24: Industrial wastewater distribution of River Kali Frozen Meat packagin g 0% Sugar Mills Textile 20% dyeing 0% Figure gure 223: Industrial wastewater distribution into river and drains 20 Figure 27: Industrial wastewater distribution of Abu Nallah Nallah-1 Abu Nallah-1, 8.66 Textile 3% Frozen Meat 28% Kali river , 16.088 Figure 26: Industrial wastewater distribution of Odean nallah Slaughte r House 69% Chhoiya Nallah, 9.575 Kadarabad drain, 14.815 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Table 10: Distribution of different industrial sector effluent to different recipients Sl.No Quantity (MLD) Industrial Sector 1. Industrial Effluent recepients point River Kali 16.08 i. ii. iii. iv. 2. Abu Nallah-1 8.66 i. ii. 3. Odean Nallah 1.455 i. Sugar Mills Paper Mills Textile & Dyeing Frozen Meat Packaging Distilleries Fine Organic Chemical Frozen Meat Packaging Slaughter House Drain Textile Dyeing Sugar mills Paper mills Frozen Meat Packaging Sugar Mills Paper Mills Textile and dyeing industries Defence Equipment ii. 4. Chhoiya Drain 9.575 5. Kadarabad drain 14.815 Quantity (MLD) iii. i. ii. iii. i. ii. iii. iv. 3.9 16 0.053 0.035 3.12 4.840 0.415 1.0 0.040 2.5 7.050 0.025 1.8 10.64 1.225 0.35 Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board 5.0 River Points Monitoring of River Kali was carried out at6 locations from Lawaru Village to Bulandshar Drain. Satellite image depicting monitoring locations of river Kali is placed in figure 28. Analytical results of river kali are placed at table 11. Table 11: Analytical results of River Kali SL. No. Code 1. KR1 2. KR2 3. KR3 River at Kali Flow (MLD) Near 0 Lawaru Village NH1915 near Saini Village Near village 70 Gesupur Parameters pH COD BOD TSS TDS TKN BOD load kg/day - - - - - - - 6.86 625 330 344 1356 - 4950 7.39 479 241 196 1456 - 16870 21 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Near Kaol 375 7.46 Village 5. KR5 Near 550 7.67 Aichana 6. KR6 D/s of 700 7.7 Bulandshar Note : All units are measured in mg/l except pH 4. KR4 395 136 311 960 - 51000 90 27 - 410 16.60 14850 23 08 - 400 14.10 5600 Close examination to table 10 indicates that KR2, KR3, KR4 has the highest BOD and COD load. After dilution with fresh Ganga water, the load is minimized which is depicted at KR5 and continue. The same trend is followed in TDS. The results indicates that the drains like Abu Nallah-1, 2, Odean Nallah, Chhoiya Nallah needs attention for pollution control immediately along with a minimum flow at upstream. This will renovate the water quality of Kali river. 22 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI Salient Features of River Points: 1. River Kali near Lawaru village ((KR1): River Kali was dry near Lawaru village, U.P as no flow was observed and therefore, sample was not taken. Figure 29 2 and 30 shows dry condition of river Kali. Figure 29 and 30 shows dry condition of river kali 19 near Saini village (KR2): 15 MLD of flow was measured with 2. River Kali at NH-19 BOD load of 4950 kg/day and BOD concentration of 330 mg/l. M/s Dev Priya Products P. Ltd. and some other industries are discharging their wastewater directly to Kali river. Figure shows monitoring location at NH NH-19 near Saini village. Figure 31 and 32 shows Kali river at NH-19 19 near Saini village 24 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 3. River Kali Near village Gesupur (KR3): 70 MLD of flow was measured with BOD load of 16870 kg/day. Abu Nallah Nallah-11 mixed with Kali river before the said locations. And sample was taken after confluence of Abu Nallah Nallah-1. Figure 33 and 34 depicting River Kali near ear village Gesupur Figure 33 and 34: River Kali after confluence of Abu Nallah-1 Nallah 4. River Kali Near Kaol Village (KR4): River Kali receives wastewater from Abu Nallah-2 and Slaughter house drain before said location and 375 MLD of flow was observed. observed BOD concentration was decreased to 136 mg/l due to the dilution from sewage of Abu Nallah Nallah-2 and slaughter house drain. However, BOD load was increased to 510 51000 00 kg/day. The image of river Kali near Kaol village is shown in figure 35 and 36. Figure 35 and 36: River Kali near Kaol village 5. River Kali near Aichana village (KR5): 550 MLD of flow was measured whereas nearby villagers were abstracting river water for irrigation purpose. Hapur drain, Kadarabad drain, Gulothi drain mixed with river Kali before said monitoring location. 25 RECONNAISSANCE SUR SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI BOD concentration suddenly decreases from 136 mg/l to 27 mg/l. Later, it was found that surplus amount of fresh water was released from Ganga canal near Chhapokali village. BOD load was show decline trend and 14850 kg/day was measured at said location. Figure 37 shows image of river Kali near Aichana vill village. Figure 37: River Kali near Aichana village 6. River Kali downstream of Bulandhshar (KR6): BOD load suddenly decreased to 5600 kg/day alongwith BOD concentration of 08 mg/l. Domestic wastewater of Bulanshar was also discharged to Kali river. Figure 338 shows image of river Kali at Bulandshar town. Figure 38: River Kali at Bulandshar 6.0 Major Findings 1. Flow of river Kali at Khhataulii town was zero which shows that natural source of river Kali was abolished and flow was only observed during monsoon. 2. BOD concentration at NH NH-19 19 near Saini village was highest i.e 330 mg/l alongwith COD 625 mg/l. This results only depicts that nearby industries like M/s Dev Priya Products P. Ltd,, M/s Anand Duplex discharge effluent to river Kali. 26 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF POLLUTION LOAD OF RIVER KALI 3. Abu nalla-2 and slaughter house drain mostly carries untreated sewage of Meerut city which lead to deterioration of water quality of River Kali. Odean nallah carries maximum BOD load of 72800 kg/day and added heavy flow to river Kali. 4. Chhoiya drain also has maximum COD concentration of 3170 mg/l compare to all major drains with heavy BOD load of 62886 kg/day. It shows that Chhoiya drain carries industrial wastewater. 5. BOD load of river Kali near Kaol village was 51000 kg/day and it decreases to 14850 kg/day as industrial waste is diluted with sewage of Hapur, Meerut and release of fresh water from Ganga canal. 6. Improvement was observed at downstream of Bulandshar as BOD load decreases to 5600 kg/day due to dilution of river Kali. 7.0 Recommendations: In the light of above, the following actions are proposed: 1. As stated earlier, Odean Nallah carries maximum BOD load to river Kali therefore, slaughter house shall treat their effluent so that entire effluent meet the prescribed effluent discharge standards. 2. Industrial pollution load of Slaughter house drain, Chhoiya drain and Kadarabad drain needs to be curtailed by controlling industrial pollution with immediate effect. 3. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) shall ensure that sewage of Meerut, Hapur and other cities is conveyed to Sewage treatment plants (STPs). 4. UPPCB shall ensure that no industrial unit discharges its untreated/partially treated effluent into Kali river. 5. Concerned Authorities of U.P ensure that all the wastewater shall be conveyed to STPs and CETPs so that only treated wastewater is discharged into drains or river. 6. UPPCB with concerned authorities shall evolve an action plan for the abatement of pollution of river Kali. 7. Mass awareness programme shall be organized to make aware the people about the need of the river. Dumping of Municipal solid waste shall be stopped immediately. 27
