What is Lessons From History? - Association for Project Management
Transcription
What is Lessons From History? - Association for Project Management
Avoiding Project Disasters Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects Presentation to APM London and South East branches March 16/17th 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland “Lessons From the Past that Assist the Projects of Today to Shape the World of Tomorrow” www.lessons-from-history.com Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Objectives: Analyze Titanic‟s construction project and voyage It uses lessons learned to understand key project issues. It looks at key decisions that led to project compromises. It questions why captain was unable to prevent disaster. It makes a step by step comparison to today‟s IT projects. Please prepare questions for the end of the presentation. Page 2 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The success rate of Projects is stubbornly low as first shown by the “Chaos” reports from Standish Group PMI reports $15 trillion in 2010 spent worldwide on projects, 20% of world’s GDP. $260 billion wasted due to project failures in US in 2009. Hypothesis: – Projects set seeds for future operational failures. – Problems attributed to poor decisions making in the project. Succeeded Failed Challenged 1994 16 31 53 1998 26 28 46 2000 28 23 49 2002 34 15 51 2004 29 18 53 2006 35 19 46 2008 32 24 44 Through 2010, government agencies will cancel 30% of the IT projects that they initiate, including at least 10% of projects budgeted at more than $200,000 (0.7 probability). 60 50 Source: “Chaos, a recipe for success,” Standish Group, 280,000 projects evaluated 1996 27 40 33 40 30 Source: Garner Group 20 10 0 Page 3 Check www.lessons-from-history/Project Success or Failure/ Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Some notable project failures during the project implementation or into operation Oct. 2009, eHealth Ontario, 30 full-time employees and 300 consultants many in senior positions. Aug. 2009, Digital trunked radio system failures Public-Safety Radio, Technology in Government May 2009, Google suffers major failure, various Apps kicking back in after widespread outage Sep. 2008 London Stock Exchange failed for 7 hours hurting clients who trade $17.5 bn a day. February 2008 - American LaFrance (ALF), “leading brand of custom-made fire fighting, rescue vehicles, and ambulances,” declared bankruptcy, blaming IBM and failed ERP implementation. Nov. 2007, passengers lineup terminal length (1 km), after glitch in Air Canada resv. system. January 2007, Sweden's largest Bank, Nordea, the biggest heist of customer accounts on record more than $1m was stolen. 2006 LCH.Clearnet shut down its Generic Clearing System (GCS) project at a cost of EUR67.9 m. 2006 Maine Medicaid Claims System project 1 year on “is a disaster of major proportions. Since the new system went live, it has cost the state of Maine close to $30 million.” Hershey‟s ERP implementation failure ($112m), distribution problems, 27% marketshare loss. The FoxMeyer Drug ERP system implementation failure led to collapse of entire $5 bn company. June 2004, RBC fell behind processing salary deposits thousands of Canadian workers as millions of transactions were affected by a computer glitch that caused payroll delays. June 2004, an air traffic control computer failure saw massive air disruption across the UK. All flights from UK airports were grounded after a problem at the National Air Traffic Service. Check www.lessons-from-history/Project Success or Failure/ Page 4 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Notable project failures during projects. Why do problems still occur and IT projects fail catastrophically? August 2008 Unencrypted memory stick lost with names/dates of birth of 84,000 inmates, England 's entire prison population. Home addresses of 33,000 who had six convictions. Feb. 2007 £20bn UK NHS computer system 'doomed to fail„a senior insider has warned. 2007 laptop with records of 600,000 recruits was stolen from Royal Navy recruiter's car 2006 Department of Homeland Security scuttles its $229m Emerge2 program (new financial IT system). 2005 US Justice Department stated $170m FBI Virtual Case File project a failure, after 5 yrs & $104m. In a 18-month period, FBI gave contractor 400 requirements changes. 2005 UK Inland Revenue gave $3.45 bn of tax overpayments because of software errors. April 2005 Australian inter-departmental warfare resulted in failure of $64m federal project. 2005 British food retailer J Sainsbury wrote off $526m in automated supply-chain system. IRS project on taxpayer compliance took decade to complete and cost $50 bn. Oregon DMV conversion to new software took 8 years and public outcry killed the project. State of Florida welfare system plagued with numerous errors & $260m in overpayments! May 2005 major hybrid car manufacturer installed software fix on 20,000 vehicles. The automobile industry spends $2 to $3 bn per year fixing software problems. July 2004 new welfare management system in Canada costing $200m unable to handle simple benefits rate increase. Contract never tested this in 6 weeks of acceptance tests. Check www.lessons-from-history/Project Success or Failure/ Page 5 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Bad IT service performance, IT project success rates, & IT investments are not a CIO problem affect all c-levels Most project management mistakes are either lack of adequate planning or communications breakdown (among project team or with project sponsors). • Source: Chaos, a recipe for success, Standish Group, 2008 “…serious deficiencies in senior executive skills with IT projects. Lack of PM skills cut benefits of IT projects by 25%.” “Executives are involved in selecting and approving projects, but rarely delivering them. 49% experienced one project failure in past 12 months.” • Source: KPMG's Global IT Project Management Survey, July 2005. C-levels need to understand: – Relationship IT projects / on-line operations – What can go wrong in complex on-line operation? Page 8 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland To understand relationship between operations & IT projects imagine yourself in 1912 in a Titanic lifeboat being rescued. Page 9 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In 1907 White Star Project Sponsor (Bruce Ismay) responded with a strategy that leveraged emerging technology Invest in technology - 3 new super liners to sweep Atlantic. First new ships for a dozen years Push emerging technology to limits. – Steel production – Propulsion system (steam turbine) – Communications (phone and wireless telegraph) – Automated control systems (mechanical) 40% larger than anything else available. Displacement - 52,310 tons Length - 882 feet 6 inches. Beam - 92 feet 6 inches Draft - 34 feet 6 inches. Height - 175 feet from keel to stack (the boat deck was 60 feet above the waterline). Decks - 9 total, A through G with the boilers below. Page 10 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Focus on luxury through increased space and capacity Address all three passage classes, priority on first-class. Quality of crossing, customer experience. Built for a Wednesday ship (7 versus 6 days). Mauretania 15% faster Page 11 Olympic 23% greater capacity Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland White Star‟s strategy (and business case) were based on priority for first class space allocation White Star‟s class segregation = today‟s customer segments. Passenger space allocated: – 60% for 905 first-class. – 7% for 1134 third-class. Bridge 2rd class quarters, berths 1st class quarters, staterooms, berths Engine rooms/Coal bunkers/Boiler rooms Page 12 3rd class berths 3rd class dining/kitchen Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects Crew quarters Cargo hold www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Integration Management - Project Charter Developed by Project Sponsor Ismay, and Pirie – Business reasons for project • Transform White Star’s business model & replace aging fleet – Luxury drives customers back, rather than speed of crossing – Project objectives (purpose) • Deliver 3 super liners over 7 year period – Staggered delivery so revenue from first two ships can fund the third – Principal considerations for ships were safety, comfort and luxury, with a reasonably fast speed. – Project’s criteria for success (must be measurable) • Each ship is in operation within 4 years • Meets terms and standards of contract Change Control performed – Through contract Page 15 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland White Star‟s initial Business Case was driven by revenue and cost savings Page 22, Fig 2.1 More space & luxury in cabins More frequent service Case based on 70% capacity Increase customer revenue Increase revenue Increase cargo revenue First class More superior service classes Second class More passenger classes Third class Equivalent to 1st class on other ships Greater capacity Equivalent to 2nd class on other ships More efficient labor, lower wage bill Increase margin Decrease operational costs Decrease costs Fewer larger ships Economy of scale Lower provisions bill More efficient Decrease marketing costs Decrease manufacturing costs More efficient use of total fuel PR around largest ship Lower maintenance costs Fewer larger ships Publicity stunt More media coverage Lower build costs Page 17 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The strategy required new technology investments but the business case was really solid Profitability analysis breakeven 2 yrs. 6 year construction project. 75% of revenue first-class. – 1st class suite - $4,350, – 2nd class suite - $1,750, – 3rd class ticket - $30-46 • Titanic‟s class segregation = today‟s customer segments. • Passenger space allocated: – – Page 18 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects 60% for 905 first-class. 7% for 1134 third-class. www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Scope Management Collect requirements (business) – Deliver 3 identical super liners – Focus on luxury (especially in first class) and size – Improve the current levels of service for all 3 classes • Second equivalent to first on other lines • Third equivalent to second on other lines Ismay stayed fully involved in design development – He played a major role in the final project specification. Page 19 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Scope Management Define scope – Based on previous ships but scaled up • Tried and tested approach of keel and ribs – Scope affected by the introduction of new emerging technologies Page 20 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Scope Management (WBS) Work Breakdown Structure subdivision of effort – For all 3 ships • Design <6 months – For each of the ships • Construction ~ 3 years – Launch/Internal fitting 12 months • Sea trials < 2 months • Maiden voyage = 1 week • Total effort ~ 4 years Page 21 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Time Management Timeline – For 3 ships – Each delivery took waterfall approach – First 2 ships built almost in parallel delivered 11 months apart – Activities tried and tested over time Rolling workforce – Use of industrial practices to build two ships in parallel – Most effective use of workers time Gantt Charts – Gantt had used his charts first time to build dreadnoughts in 1907 Page 22 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The project timeline was extensive, but it had a solid ROI and was well funded 1907 - Vision/strategy for White Star Line 1907 - First public announcement in September 1908 – Design approved & Olympic's construction begins 1909 - Titanic's construction begins 1911 - Olympics maiden voyage in June 1912 - Titanic's maiden voyage in April 1913 – Britannic completed Page 23 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects •ROI – year two from construction. Staggered launch off set investments. www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Schedule (High level) 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Idea Design Gantry Olympic Construction Launch Sea Trail s Titanic Construction Launch Sea Gigantic Tr ail Construction s H1 H2 Page 24 H3 H4 H5 H6 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects H7 H8 H 9 H 10 www.lessons-from-history.com H 11 H 12 H 13 H 14 H 15 © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Cost Management Most expensive activities – Propulsion systems • Turbines – First and second class quarters • Required craftsmanship of highest level – Communications • Marconigram equipment Estimated Budget – Final cost a fixed price of £3 million for the pair was agreed at the time of signing ($7.5 million dollars per ship) Control costs – Regular audits – Budget tracked Page 25 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Quality Management - Harland and Wolff Premium world ship builder – Best reputation for quality – Perceived as craftsmen Workforce operated within trades – Trades based on system of guilds Quality control through inspections – Internally, within trades • Ship builder’s model used – Externally through Board of Trade inspectors • with several thousand visits Quality Assurance – Throughout and sea trials with final acceptance of deliverables Page 26 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Human Resource Management - White Star Sponsors – Ismay representative of Board of Directors – Role to define vision and requirements Operations Team – Captain and senior officers – Role to complete testing, acceptance of deliverables and sign off – Crew Page 27 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Human Resource Management - Harland and Wolff Design Team – Lord Pirrie interface to White Star – Thomas Andrews, managing director of design dept (responsible every drawing) – Edward Wilding, Andrews' deputy (responsible for design calculations) – Laying of ships lines in mould loft Page 28 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Human Resource Management - Harland and Wolff Construction Workforce – Total of 15,000 organized into system of trades, simultaneously working on six other liners, and two White Star tenders (Nomadic and Traffic) use at Cherbourg – 3,000 working on project any time ~ 49 hours per week, for 50 weeks – Alexander Carlisle managing director shipyard Page 29 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Human Resource Management - Harland and Wolff Construction Workforce – Hired men – little security • 25 shillings per week – Established men • 24 shillings per week – Elite - Shipwrights (boat builders) had 7 year apprenticeship – Trades (skilled) - Platers, rivetters, drillers, pattern makers, fitters, founders, smiths, boilermakers, and electricians – Trade laborers Page 30 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Human Resource Management - White Star Operations Team – Captain • Paid £1250 pa, plus £200 pa non-collision bonus – Senior officers • Paid £100-500 pa – Crew - role to run ship • • • • • • Page 31 Stewards, bell boys, housekeepers, maids Paid £3 15, and relied on tips Engineers, firemen, stokers, coal porters Paid £5 Slept in 40 to a dormitory Paid only when ship sailing Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Communication Management Communication – Project based at Harland and Wolff shipyards in Belfast – White Star offices in • • • • London, Southampton, Liverpool (headquarters), New York – Key decisions made with sponsors • Finalization of design Page 32 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Communication Management identifies and manages Project Stakeholders – Executive Sponsor 1891- Bruce Ismay becomes partner in White Star. 1899 Ismay takes over on his fathers death. 1869-70- Harland & Wolff build first ships for White Star. 1894- William J. Pirrie becomes chairman of Harland & Wolff. 1902- White Star purchased by International Mercantile Marine (IMM) headed by J.P. Morgan. – IMM allows White Star to fly Union Jack, and man ships with British crews. 1904- Bruce Ismay becomes president of IMM, with complete control over operation. – William J. Pirrie also becomes a director within IMM. – Captain EJ Smith becomes Commodore of the fleet. Page 33 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Stakeholders, and the roles in the project Project Sponsor - Bruce Ismay – Experience in projects and operations, marketing Project Integrator - Lord Pirie – Experience in projects, expert in ship building and emerging technologies Project Financier/Chief Executive - JP Morgan – Experience in financing projects (1902 - purchased White Star Line) Project Manager/Chief Architect - Thomas Andrews – Experience in projects expert in integration of emerging technologies Chief of Operations - Captain EJ Smith – Experience in operations, accepts the deliverables Page 34 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Risk Management Plan covered risks – In project • Define inaccurate scope (includes functional and non-functional requirements), financials (costs/return), schedule and resources • Select wrong integrator to meet contractual obligations • Poor communication in project team and externally • Integration to a single point • Use of unproven emerging technology • Long construction project 6 years. Changes in business model, technology, or events • Inadequate sea trials and failure to test • Not transferring track record between ships Page 35 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Risk Management Potential risks – In operation • • • • • Page 36 Not meeting Government regulations White Star may accept delivery although it does not meet goals Operational readiness and preparedness of officers and crew Risk in the Atlantic, storms, traversing “Iceberg Alley” Certain months like April worst month for icebergs Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Procurement Management - contract between White Star and Harland and Wolff Contract for a project to deliver two Olympic Class Liners Contract is delivery oriented – Based on a cost-plus basis • No matter how high project costs (specification changes or increases in material costs), Harland & Wolff guaranteed 5% profit on contract. – Contains penalties and fees – Standard practice in the industry Page 37 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Project Procurement Management Harland and Wolff procured – Large gantry • Cost of £100,000 • Over 6,000 tons, supported complicated crane system to reach every part of the ship largest built in length, height, capability. – 200-ton floating crane from Germany • Cost of £30,000 • To lower ships’ massive engines. Page 38 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Harland & Wolff had to create a new dry dock to complete ships Page 39 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In comparison for an IT project today the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques: B EST PRACTICES Ensure business justification is completed. Ensure project charter, stakeholders are in place. Due diligence in business problem, competitive services, potential costs, and risk. Determine by segments customer/target audience, value propositions, create profiles and scenarios for these. Determine integration to existing services & data dependencies. Establish service level targets to guide architect. Assess solutions driven by new emerging technology. Page 40 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In Titanic‟s architecture stage like in IT projects, Architects faced many investment options Thomas Andrews Harland and Wolff most expensive craftsmen in Europe. Created luxury liner priority first-class functional requirements (What). Lavish attention implied equivalency in non functional requirements (How). Designers choice in safety technology – Old • lifeboats – New • • • • Page 42 bulkheads, double-skin hull, electric doors, automatic fog warning. Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Meet certain Government regulations Relative to ship crossing Atlantic (3200 miles) Seaworthy Machinery (within specifications) Safety – Protect all on board Provisioning – Food – Water – Fuel Page 44 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland White Star invested in ship-builder‟s model (IT pilot). Used to analyze all exposures to the possibility of loss. Flow analysis, “static testing” to review ship characteristics, test design, and identify vulnerabilities. Sound strategy with limited testing options available, identified problems. Atlantic risks 400 years of travel. Page 45 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The Architects were well aware of the risks in crossing the Atlantic. The model tested worst case failure scenarios. Running aground Waterline 60 feet Tank top Hull bottom 7 feet Collisions Grounding - flooding contained Within hull 73 watertight compartments Front-end collision 60 feet 15 Bulkheads Page 46 Double skin hull Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects Side-on collision flooding contained www.lessons-from-history.com Crumple zone •1910 White Star's 'Baltic' and the 'Standard' had been in a head on collision the result of an eastbound ship cutting too far to the north. © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Examples of where the bulkhead design worked. The Guion Line "Arizona" hit iceberg going 15 knots in heavy fog 1879. It telescoped 25 feet of her bow. She had 7 transverse bulkheads up to the top deck. The collision bulkhead held, letting them make Halifax. Increased public perception that iron liners were unsinkable. Increased industry traffic in general, and Arizona's ticket sales. Page 47 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Mitigating risks within the design of the ship Evacuation with lifeboats 48 main lifeboats Waterline 60 feet – The British Board of Trade Rules antiquated regulations were based on cubic feet of lifeboat space per ton of ship not on the number of people aboard. Page 48 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Mitigating risks with visibility into the environment Visibility through lookouts in crows nest – Back up lookouts on the forepeak and bridge wings – Phone systems, telegraphs – Submarine bells – Main steam whistles Wireless Marconigram – Ships sending/receiving telegrams from other ships 100s of miles away Page 49 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Page 50 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In the architecture stage the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques B EST PRACTICES Walkthrough the design, to catch problems early. Walk along critical transaction paths end-to-end. Complete “component impact analysis” - single failure points. Build security zones for access. Avoid under-investing in non-functional requirements. Avoid one technology, lack of diversity increases susceptibility. Avoid complexity, strive for simplicity, design for manageability, operability, scalability, performance, security, and ease of use. Check http://lessons-from-history.com/node/83 Page 51 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic‟s construction stage integrated many complex technologies and selected safety features to reduce risks Disparate technologies integrated to single point. Finalized non-functional requirements. Invest in expensive safety features (new technology). Over confidence in ship safety. Perception Titanic was unsinkable. Page 52 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Decisions with esthetic factors compromised individual safety features and escalated the level of risk No construction dollars diverted from safety to enhance first-class. Lifeboats - 16 single vs 48 triple stacked, uninterrupted 1st-class view. The double skin not continued up, only 7 feet deep, below waterline. 15 Bulkheads/16 Compartments Page 53 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Location of dining room - 15 Bulkheads (every 60 feet) two were compromised. 1st Class Dining Saloon and Reception Room (200 ft) Total ship length 900 ft Deck D dining saloon over 100 ft (10,488 sq ft), seating 554 Waterline 54 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com 3/21/2011 © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland By end of construction Titanic‟s safety compromised severely. But White Star believed it safest ship ever built. Safety regulations for lifeboats, outdated technology. Titanic sold at highest safety level, but really passenger safety low. Expensive construction effort incorporated mistakes of earlier stages. Page 55 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Publicity continued to push the message that Titanic was designed to be unsinkable White Star Line publicity brochure produced in 1910 for Olympic and Titanic – – “these two wonderful vessels are designed to be unsinkable.” On June 1, 1911, the Irish News and Belfast Morning News contained a report on the launching of Titanic's hull. – System of watertight compartments and electronic watertight doors and concluded that Titanic was practically unsinkable In 1911, Shipbuilder magazine published an article on the White Star Line's sister ships Titanic and Olympic – described the construction and concluded that “Titanic was practically unsinkable.” Page 56 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Ismay‟s had another message in his marketing effort – “largest, most luxurious, and SAFEST liners in the world.” Page 57 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In the construction stage the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques: B Page 58 EST PRACTICES Identify building blocks (components vs prefab) and solution alternatives (build versus buy). Identify non-functional alternatives (safety features). Build in cycles. Start small (prototypes), and scale up. Tier solution, scale independently, and create redundancy. Review Government regulations that may impact. Ensure execs/sponsors involved through construction. Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Risks in operation - faith in Olympics track record (in service June 1911), and mitigating Titanic‟s risk - first incident Maiden voyage on June 14, 1911, onboard Bruce Ismay and Thomas Andrews. Olympic docked by 12 tugboats June 21st Hallenbeck (198 tons) sucked under Olympic resulting in badly damaged sternframe. Olympic unscathed except for some scratches in the paint. Blame shifted on tugboat operator Page 43, Fig 4.2 Page 59 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Risks in operation, Olympic‟s most serious incident, with HMS Hawke on 20th September 1911 Huge 45,000-tonner sucked smaller 7,350ton Hawke towards her with such power the warship had no chance to steer away. Two of her aft compartments were flooded. She was down by the stern. Page 60 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects Her starboard main engine was out of commission. www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Olympic‟s most serious incident with HMS Hawke resulted in a 20‟ x 15‟ gash. Harland & Wolff's repair yard took 2 weeks to patch Olympic up to even attempt the voyage back to Belfast. A gigantic patch, a big sticking plaster, made of heavy timbers above the waterline and steel plates below it, was placed over the damaged hull plating to seal up the hole. By the time the ship made it back to the Belfast yard the patch on her hull had failed and two aft compartments were once again flooded. Page 61 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Once back at Belfast , with the water pumped out of her, she could be properly examined. Repairs were costly (17% of original cost) – Huge hour glass shaped hole in plating, – Starboard propeller was damaged and unserviceable, – 18 feet of outer steel propeller shaft covering was crushed, – Propeller shaft was bent, – Crankshaft of the starboard engine was badly damaged, – Stern propeller shaft bearings damaged. Frames intended to last lifetime with no provision for replacement. Repairs take 4 weeks. Page 62 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland October 1911 Titanic's maiden voyage is rescheduled from March 10 to April 10, 1912. Page 44, Fig 4.3 63 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com 3/21/2011 © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Risks in operation, Olympic‟s third incident on 24th February 1912 Lost propeller-blade during eastbound crossing, return leg of roundtrip. Knockedoff by well-known wreck in the Grand Banks floating beneath surface. Olympic sailed to Belfast for repairs and Titanic switched out of dry dock March 2nd Olympic hauled out of dry dock, and turned 180 degrees where her port side bow was grounded. Put back in dry dock for examination. Back in service March 7th Page 64 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Business pressures for Titanic to go live were enormous with large investments tied up in four-year construction. Questioning of extensive sea trials and testing were not considered critical partly because Olympic was established in service. Changemanagement theory not established. Too much faith in Olympic. Page 65 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Level of testing typically required by Harland and Wolff before a ship was passed over to White Star Both organizations needed to be assured that Titanic would meet the conditions in the contract. Testing gave shipbuilder opportunity for adjustments and avoid financial penalties or having ship sent back to the shipyards. To fulfill contract terms of ship: – operationally tested for seaworthiness, – checked for stability, – assessed for weight and loading particulars, – check on earlier manual calculations, – main and auxiliary machinery tested, – Formal speed trials required achieving a certain speed under specific conditions of draft and deadweight. Page 66 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic‟s testing was very brief for a number of reasons . Page 48, Figure 5.1 Olympic was a test bed or yardstick for Titanic. Debatable how well Olympic experiences were transferred. Page 67 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic‟s testing (sea trials) was cut down to 1 day, started on April 2nd One day of sea trials with focus on engine & speed, turning with rudder, and propellers. Lowering of both anchors. Fine tuning of radio equipment No s-turns. No incline Page 68 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic‟s passes testing (sea trials) and gets a certificate Board of Trade surveyor Carruthers issued the safety certificate and declared her “Good for one year.” Titanic sails for Belfast Page 69 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In the planning stage the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques: B EST PRACTICES Review existing/previous projects with PMO for commonality. Follow a change-management process, use risk assessments. Plan level of testing, select right tests, and acceptance criteria. Assign operations services ownership and control of process. Define alternatives to launch (withdrawal), and back-out plans. Create a test environment that mirrors live environment. Prepare for increase in frequency of changes with the Internet. Deploy in test environment, run parallel to live environment. Ensure testing is broad not just on functions. Page 70 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Accepted by White Star on April. 2, 1912, Titanic raced from Belfast to Southampton April 2nd at 8pm (same day as sea trials) rushed to make second tide into Southampton – Chaotic 24 hours Officer Murdoch was quoted • “took days to get acclimatized to the layout of the new ship.” April 4th arrived at White Star dock berth #44 midnight. April 6th general cargo and rest of crew are added. April 8th fresh food arrives, final preparations over seen by Thomas Andrews. April 10th Titanic departs on her maiden voyage at 12:00. Page 71 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic‟s testing consisted of maiden voyage cross the Atlantic fully loaded with passengers. Architect on board to collect feedback Hand picked 8 workers to accompany him Called Guarantee Group to tend to any teething problems Only the best employees would make the grade and make the voyage. Page 72 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic‟s captain and officers were well aware of “Iceberg Alley” and the associated risks. North Atlantic features, mild Winter, April worst month Sailing path moved. Fate of French liner Niagara. Cunard liner Carmania felt her way through ice dead slow for 2 hours. Page 58, Fig 6.1 Page 73 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland French liner Niagara ran headlong into the ice on Thursday evening, April 11, 1912 Page 74 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland J.P. Morgan Owned White Star Richest man in world His passage reinforced confidence in Titanic Backed out last minute due to illness, as did the general director of Harland & Wolff. Page 75 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Ismay‟s marketing effort was to create the “event” of 1912. If you were of importance you had to be on board Page 76 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Olympic‟s prestige Between May 1911-April 1912 100 articles on Olympic, 30 articles on Titanic, mentioned in connection to Olympic. Interest in Olympic largest ship in the world and called „a floating palace,‟ and the new „Queen of the Seas.‟ Much comment about UK‟s need to maintain maritime supremacy, and optimism about British shipbuilding. Seen as ushering new class of large ocean liners After maiden voyage Olympic became popular & successful Described by Bruce Ismay as „a marvel‟ Titanic seen as similar but moderately improved version of Olympic. Page 77 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Bruce Ismay compromised the project Service Level Agreements shipping announcement in NY Times. Passengers “who‟s who” public life 300 very famous people, 53 millionaires collective worth $500m. Page 78 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The business pressures and pressing economic needs pushed Titanic into service with limited testing completed. On leaving port, Titanic (1) nearly collided with the steamer New York (2) coming within four feet (3) indicating the challenges in operating a very large ship. The tug Vulcan (4) and quick thinking of Captain Smith prevented the accident. Page 52, Fig 5.4 Page 79 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland “Suction of Giant Liner Breaks Hawsers of the New York, Which Floats Helpless” Source: The New York Times, 11 April 1912 Page 53, Fig 5.5 Page 80 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The wake off to starboard confirms Frank Brown's description of the 'winding pathway 'eor the waters' An irregular course was being taken in order to test the compasses. Page 82 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In Cork Ireland the British board of inspectors came on board taken out by tenders Board of Trade inspector Carruthers visited Titanic almost 2,000 times during construction. Checked for adequate – Provisions – Water – Fuel (coal) Page 83 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Only one lifeboat drill was performed to satisfy the British board of inspectors. No time was spent in preparing the crew for the maiden voyage. The crew of 900 had 83 mariners. The crew was unprepared to handle a disaster and the launch of all lifeboats. Page 84 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In the testing stage the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques: B Page 85 EST PRACTICES Undertake business and technical risk assessments. Ensure independent test teams - incentives to test objectively. Establish the ability to stop an implementation if testing fails. Ensure that major testing, once under way, can be halted. Ensure change process strategies for rapid implementation. Avoid change process that lacks support and “teeth.” Avoid giving developers rights to live environment. Refine your service level objectives and agreements. Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Risks in operation – Ismays presence increases risk as he overshadows Captain Smith‟s leadership Why was Ismay on board? – Ensure ultimate customer experience. – Beat Olympic’s best crossing time. – Shipping announcement in NY Times. Relationship boss to employee Smith showed Niagara telegram to Ismay Did Smith restrain himself? Why was Smith so intimidated by Ismay? Page 87 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The operating stage required the deployment of the ship into production and her maiden voyage. Titanic had a number of built-in feedback mechanisms that were discounted, fudged (ice bucket test), or just ignored. The officers kept their binoculars and did not share them with the lookouts, limiting operations to provide any early warning. Page 88 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The third feedback mechanism was wireless, up to 400 miles range Page 89 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The operating stage saw Titanic‟s built-in feedback mechanisms compromised on her maiden voyage Titanic‟s built-in feedback mechanisms – Marconigrams Operators overloaded by commercial traffic (noise) did not pass the ice warnings (signal) along in a timely fashion. – In the 36 hours between leaving Southampton and the collision, the Titanic's received and sent 250 passenger telegrams. Page 90 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Risks in operation - False sense of security general overconfidence in the ship Capt. Smith not posted additional lookouts on forecastle/bridge wings. Conditions – Air temperature 33 degrees F or 1 degree C. The captain very resistant to technology relied on “gut” feel and experience. He undermined the significance of Marconigram information. Page 91 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Bruce Ismay determined to prove Titanic superior to Olympic changed the SLO, dramatically increasing risks Ismay overrode Smith Pushed crew to limits. Captain succumbed to pressure. Operations mandate overriden. Stringent guidelines broken. Everything put in jeopardy. Page 92 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland At 7.50 PM the MV Mesaba of the Atlantic Transport Line sent the following telegram to the Titanic " In lat 42N to 41.25N long 49W to long 50.30W saw much heavy pack ice and great number of large icebergs also field ice. Weather good, clear." This telegram gave precise details of the massive icefield already in the path of the TITANIC. Page 93 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The two lookouts, without binoculars, hesitate on sounding the alarm. No extra lookouts posted. Very hazy atmospheric conditions common to large sheets of ice. The lookouts confused in what they see ahead. At least 7 minutes pass between spotting and reporting a “dark mass” and raising alarm. Page 94 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The collision was inevitable and Murdoch almost succeeded pulling off a brilliant maneuver. Feedback systems compromised. Ship reached peak speed 22 knots, 3 additional boilers lit. Californian‟s last radio message ignored. Lookouts gave 37 seconds warning. Murdoch tried to dodge iceberg and decelerate ship “S turn.” Ice Shelf Iceberg Page 95 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Close examination of inquiries shows officer and passenger testimonies differed greatly. Officer Passenger Sharp side-swipe against ice spur causes 300 foot gash. Ship bumps along the side to a stop. Water pumps could not keep pace with flooding. Page 96 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects Gradual deceleration and grinding noise like a thousand marbles. A “grounding” from the bottom of the ship. www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The ship grounded itself on the ice shelf and consistent testimonies of the collision describe it as innocuous. “I heard this thump, then I could feel the boat quiver and could feel a sort of rumbling..” – Joseph Scarott Seaman “... It was like a heavy vibration. It was not a violent shock.” – Walter Brice Able Bodied Seaman “…I felt as though a heavy wave had struck our ship. She quivered under it somewhat.” – Major Arthur Peuchen First Class Passenger “I was dreaming, and I woke up when I heard a slight crash. I paid no attention to it until the engines stop.” – C E Henry Stengel First Class Passenger “We were thrown from the bench on which we were sitting. The shock was accompanied by a grinding noise….” – Edward Dorking Third Class Passenger “It was like thunder, the roar of thunder…” – George Beauchamp Fireman Page 97 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Unperturbed the bridge sends two assessment groups to survey the ship for damage. No sharp jolt of ship slamming immovable object. No rebound effect. Breakfast cutlery in dining rooms barely rattled. No injuries or broken bones, no deaths. Ship quivered for several seconds. Page 98 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Passenger descriptions of QEII‟s grounding 1992 parallel Titanic‟s QEII grounding (Cuttyhunk Island Vineyard Sound, Ma) – August 7, 1992 vessel sustained $13.2 million in damages, and leaked 50 gallons of fuel oil from empty fuel tank ruptured in incident. Soft landing – At the time of the accident, the ship was making about 18 knots. – Her bottom was ripped open by large boulders, but there was no violent impact. – Just as in Titanic, the passengers of QE2 were not thrown about by the accident. – The lesson - grounding of a large liner over a hard object at speed produces only a relatively mild impact. Page 99 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland U.S. Navy aircraft carrier Tarawa 1951 CRASH STOP ("reverse engines") in Straits of Messena Passenger ferry suddenly cut across the warship's bow. "All back emergency!“ The stern of the ship began jumping up and down 6 feet. The collision was avoided. Next morning, dozens of crew were sporting slings, casts and neck braces from being flung to the deck. So much china was broken ship put into port to buy more. In few weeks, ship drydocked to repair damage propeller shaft. displacement: 27,100 tons length: 888 feet beam: 93 feet; width flight deck: 147 feet draft: 28 feet speed: 32.7 knots complement: 3,448 crew Page 100 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Titanic did not run into an iceberg; it ran over an iceberg. An iceberg that has a length of 100 feet above the waterline can be expected to be 120 to 130 feet wide under the water. The sloping ice shelves that extend outward beneath the water pose a significant threat to ships operating near icebergs. Titanic's fragile underbelly scraped across an underwater shelf called an "ice ram." Icebergs are typically 20% to 30% longer under the water than above Page 78, Fig 9.3 Page 101 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Unperturbed at 11:42 the bridge sends two assessment groups to survey the ship for damage. First group returns with inaccurate report. – Pumps where put into place to offset minor flooding. – Boxhall's visit to the Third Class berths and scanty information about the extent of damage and the ability of the pumps to cope with the flooding. Page 102 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Bruce Ismay made fateful decision to prove Titanic could save herself. At 11:50 Titanic had lost 3 holds. Ismay and Smith assumed their ship was safe to steam again at 11:51. Ismay was not noted for his patience. Ismay‟s dilemma and options. At 8 knots ship would arrive in Halifax (450 miles away) on Wednesday. Page 103 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Further evidence of restarting engines and the ship moving after the grounding. First wireless to White Star office in NY. – “TITANIC PROCEEDING TO HALIFAX. PASSENGERS WILL PROBABLY LAND THERE WEDNESDAY; ALL SAFE. SMITH,” True at 11:53 pm. White Star had dispatched trains to Halifax, but these were cancelled well after the ship had foundered. Wireless Radio Operator Philips sent a message to his parents 12 minutes after the grounding “Making slowly for Halifax. Practically unsinkable. Don‟t worry.” Hitchens was kept at the wheel for more than 40 minutes after the accident. Page 105 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Second assessment group returns. Second group returned – (architect and carpenter). At 12:00 Captain makes an inspection. Pumps not keeping up with flooding. Architect predicted 2 hours. Engines stopped at 12:09. Ship was hogging, and tearing itself apart. Page 107 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In the operating stage the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques: Ensure the business/operations refine SLAs, and adhere these. Structure support for holistic client view of service, avoid technology silos, assign operations sole responsibility. Build problem-management processes around recovery clock. Base proactive problem-avoidance around early warning system. Synthesize/route timely feedback to decisionmakers. Page 108 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com B EST PRACTICES © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland And take a comprehensive approach to organization, processes, and tools, a basis for continuous availability: B EST PRACTICES Monitor strategic components critical to availability. After implementation monitor whole environment. Investigate environmental anomalies quickly. Identify meaningful metrics “User outage minutes” vs 99.999%. Re-evaluate initial business case with returns and metrics. Avoid claiming a project success too soon. Page 109 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Officers and crew operated in state of disbelief unable to perform effective recovery. Panic ensued amongst passengers. Disaster assessment - 20 mins 65 mins before lifeboats ordered filled. Hierarchical structure, physical segregation, skeptical crew impeded information flow. Passengers got up, went back to bed. First life-boat left half full reluctance to get in. Launching 16 lifeboats took over 90 minutes. Recovery plan would have been poorly executed. Page 110 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Evacuation in lifeboats (#s) many of the early launched lifeboats were half empty Boat # Time of launch Total People Boat # Time of launch Total People 6 12:55 28 7 12:45 27 8 1:10 39 5 12:55 41 10 1:20 55 3 1:00 50 12 1:25 42 1 1:10 12* 14 1:30 63 9 1:20 56 16 1:35 56 11 1:25 70 2 1:45 26* 3 1:35 64 4 1:55 40 4 1:35 70 D 2:05 44 C 1:40 71 B Floated off A Floated off * Emergency boats with 40 person capacity The last 2 Englehardts were floated off upside down. Page 111 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland In the operating stage the project team can minimize risks with the following techniques: B EST PRACTICES Ensure disaster recovery enacted according to plan and without hesitation. Ensure disaster recovery plans accessible to organization. Nominate 1 group guardian (ops) of disaster recovery plan. Ensure staff adequately trained to follow disaster recovery plans. Practice and rehearse disaster recovery plans regularly. Page 112 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland U.S. and British Titanic inquiries were set up in competition to each other President got no response from Carpathia, sent navy which failed to get further information U.S. Inquiry set up when disaster numbers known – Started one day after ship landed, Friday 19th April, 1912 British Wreck Commissioner‟s Inquiry – Set up to start Monday, 22nd April, 1912 Competition between two which more thorough http://www.titanicinquiry.org/ Page 113 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Following disaster U.S. and British authorities conducted post-mortems. The U.S inquiry came close to uncovering cover up. US inquiry 82 witnesses, specialists, British inquiry saved White Star from technical experts. bankruptcy. Determined ship reached top speed, European war looming. no attempt to slow down. Condemned Captain Lord for not Forced Bruce Ismay to stay in U.S. & responding to flares. grilled over role. Criticized British Board of Trade for Recommended lifeboat regulations. • Page 115 Lifeboat space for every person on all ships from U.S. ports; • lifeboat drills; • adequate manning of boats; • 24-hour operation of radiotelegraph. Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects Titanic unnerved western society‟s faith in technology. Olympic, served 24 year career. www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Fate of Olympic – went through a refit Already in service for 10 months difficult to modify Provided with full compliment of lifeboats Dry-docked for installation of inner watertight skin Watertight bulkheads extended up to "B" deck Ready by the spring of 1913 & back in service Olympic, served distinguished 24 year career before being scraped. Evaded torpedoes in WW1 Page 116 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Fate of Britannic – went through a refit, with substantial increase in lifeboats Britannic, served as hospital ship and sunk by mine in 1916 New giant sized lifeboat davits capable of holding 3 lifeboats Full compliment of lifeboats Bulkheads top to bottom Page 117 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Lessons learned - what can you take from all this. Your IT project is little different to Titanic‟s project. Roots of Titanic‟s disaster in project, compromises to safety features and elevation of expectations allowed business pressures to override operational procedures. • Page 118 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects This lead to numerous violations of the “rules of good seamanship”. Probability of failure very high because of inability to recognize introduced risks. www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Mitigate risk from the project outset through the application of best practices at each IT project stage Executive Sponsor 100s of best practices listed by project stage: 1. Project life cycle, deliverables and iteration 2. Business case for an online operation 3. Mission critical application dependencies 4. Architectural models and frameworks 5. Enterprise application integration and interdependency of data Bruce Ismay B 6. Organizational and process elements 7. Change and problem management EST PRACTICES Project Team 8. Use of metrics, service levels objectives and agreements 9. Use of automation and Early Warning Systems 10. Disaster recovery & business continuity plans Implementation of one best practice can save thousands of pounds Page 120 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com Thomas Andrews © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Questions This presentation will be available on-line Mark is available to work with you and your organization (PMs and Executives), speak or run workshops. Sign up for a lessons-from-history newsletter (subscribe/unsubscribe). Page 121 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland What is Lessons From History? Lessons From History is a publishing imprint for a series of publications for today‟s business world. This series of business publications is based on historical case studies. 122 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland What does Lessons From History do? The series uses relevant historical case studies to examine how projects and emerging technologies of the past solved complex problems The series then draws lessons for today‟s world The series is designed to inspire people The historical case studies are significant, unique and inspirational It makes the whole learning experience more memorable. The series should inspire the reader as these historical projects were achieved with a lesser technology. 123 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland What is Lessons From History based on? In 1978 James Burke showed an alternative way to view history Connections was the weaving path through history to 8 of the most significant inventions It describes a process – Where ideas are developed but then put on the shelf. – The time is not right or the technology required for further evolution not available. – At a future the ideas are picked up again and reused. – This time it succeeds into a stupendous result. Lessons From History uses a similar approach – It connects today’s project with historical projects and best practices that permeate across projects 124 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland How did Lessons From History originate? In the aftermath of a major project disaster trying to convince a senior executive in a bank to make the right decisions and investments The use of a story set the project on the right path to success “Whilst recovering a failed Financial Services project I first used the Titanic analogy to explain to business executives why the project had failed. The business executive was flabbergasted that the project had failed in operation. The project originally cost $2m and took 1 year. The project recovery cost $8m and took 2 years.” 1994 125 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Why was Lessons From History evolved? The story became a powerful learning lesson It resonated with people Lessons From History provided a vehicle for individuals to have discussions about the intangibles of projects and business, things difficult to classify and talk about It made it safe way to talk about issues without disclosing an organizational name or individuals People enjoyed the stories 126 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Who is Lessons From History for? Business organizations and people – For example, profits, NPO, private, public Universities and colleges Professional Associations – Project Management Institute – Association of Project Management – Professional Engineering Organization – Certified Information Professionals – British Computer Society PROMSG – Data Architects Management Association – International Institute of Business Analysts – APICS – CSCMP 127 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The Lessons From History series is part of the Project Management course Project Lessons from the Great Escape is integrated into: – ICT 4115 Project Management Dynamics – It has been used in 5 classes to date – 2009 to 2011 – Over 80 students Course Instructor – Raymond Kaufman – 128 [email protected] Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Ray Kaufman talks about how the Great Escape book helps students learn? “The book is a quick read and the movie paints a visual story. We can identify with the characters and understand their plight and struggles. That frames the need for project management. It provides motivation to find out the ending. While they are on that journey they read examples of problems and how they were overcome using the project management framework. They can judge if they would make the same mistakes or could fix the problems.” RK 129 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The team Growing group of authors All business people – project managers and architects All share common passion for history Much collaboration 130 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland The Lessons-from-History series Available at http://www.mmpubs.com/catalog/lessons-fromhistory-c-4.html Or call 1-866-721-1540 Please contact MMPUBS 131 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Where is Lessons From History going? LFH is developing into a series of books and presentations that are the foundation to learning experiences Future catalogue Lessons in Project Leadership from the Manhattan Project by John Byrne Governance in Times of Challenge by Glenn Le Clair and Mark Kozak-Holland ITIL Case Study: The Launch of the Titanic by Glenn Le Clair and Mark Kozak-Holland Legendary Leaders: Project Management Case Studies by Joe Luttrell and Mark Kozak-Holland 132 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Quotes Quotes on events – "This was one of the most enjoyable professional events I've attended in a long time. It was fascinating to learn that the problems involved in working with new technology haven't changed much over the years." – Brian Baskerville, OSQA Logistics Quotes on books – If we could somehow get this type of writing about history into the public schools I think that children would only learn facts about significant events, but would also retain it because all the wonderful examples. I really feel that I learned not only some history about the great escape, but also see the PMBok applications that were used. This is a great method of teaching and learning!! – by Eric Peterson, January 17, 2009 Publisher is MMPUBS – An ideal publisher with a very strong track record in project management 133 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Wrap up “What Mark has done with The Great Escape is transform it into a brilliant case study of how PMBoK can be applied to almost every sort of venture,” – said David Barrett, ProjectWorld organizer and executive director of the Schulich Executive Education Center. “This year he conducted a seven hour marathon workshop that was not only an incredible dissection of history, but it addressed the most pressing problems confronted in business operations today. How to be innovative and survive. How to draw maximum output from talented staff. Managing impossible obstacles. The parallels are all there.” 134 Overview of Lessons From History www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland Credits and Sources 1998 MERIT Project. Best Practices in Enterprise Management. Bonsall, Thomas E. Great Shipwrecks of the 20th Century. New York: Gallery Books. Bristow, Diana. Titanic: Sinking the Myths. Brown, David. The Last Log of the Titanic. McGraw-Hill. Davie, Michael. The Titanic: The Full Story of a Tragedy. The Bodleyhead Ltd. Hyslop, Donald, Alastair Forsyth, and Sheila Jemima. Titanic Voices. New York: St. Martin‟s Press, 1998. Lord, Walter. A Night to Remember. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1955. Lord, Walter. The Night Lives On. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1985. Spignesi, Stephen. The Complete Titanic. Birch Lane Press Group, 1998. Thompson, Harvey. Customer Value Management. McGraw-Hill, 2000. Wade, Wyn Craig. The Titanic: End of a Dream. New York: Rawson, Wade, 1979. Wels, Susan. Titanic: Legacy of the World‟s Greatest Ocean Liner. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 2000. Illustrations were used courtesy of the Ulster Folk & Transport Museum Page 135 Titanic Lessons for Modern Projects www.lessons-from-history.com © 2011 Mark Kozak-Holland