Arts Index 2011 - My Theatre Matters

Transcription

H
This report has been produced by the
National Campaign for the Arts
(abbreviated to NCA in this report).
For more information please contact the NCA at:
1 Kingly Street
London
W1B 5PA
Tel:
020 7287 3777
Fax:
020 7287 4777
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.artscampaign.org.uk
Follow us on Twitter: @artscampaign
It has been compiled by Audiences London in partnership with Audiences UK.
www.audienceslondon.org
www.audiencesuk.org
Key contributors
Audiences UK provided project direction
Project Research Manager: Anatole Baboukhian (National Campaign for the Arts)
Peer Review: Orian Brook (University of St. Andrews)
Report Authors: Richard Turpin, Daniel Cowley, Anne Torreggiani (Audiences London)
The production of the Index would not have been possible without the help and support of the following
organisations:
Americans for the Arts, Arts Council England, Arts Council of Wales, Arts Council Northern Ireland,,
Department for Culture, Media & Sport, Arts and Business.
INTRODUCING THE UK ARTS INDEX
Foreword by Samuel West - Actor, Director & NCA Trustee
Welcome to the first UK Arts Index.
The arts make a significant contribution to the UK economy, they bring us
together and they make our lives better. But by how much?
The Arts Index will tell you. In the USA, a similar index has been successfully
supporting arts planners and decision-makers since 2009 and can look back
to a decade of data. Now the UK has an Arts Index of its own.
The way the arts are funded and the policy that underlies that funding is
changing fast. Now is a good time to catch up. Now, perhaps more than
ever, we need to be able to measure the health of our sector and to trace the positive or negative
effects of change.
The UK Arts Index lets us do this. It’s nothing less than an annual health-check for the arts. In the past,
cultural stakeholders have perhaps used too many different measures to make their case. The Index
uses only the most useful, to create a balanced and comprehensive picture. It teaches us, policy-makers
and practitioners alike, a common language; objective, consistent, independent. It measures “input”, in
particular financial investment, and “output”, the effect the arts have on our lives. Each measure is
chosen not just for relevance, but for reliability, stability and completeness across the UK.
The Index is important because it lets us see the impact of change over time, comparing the vitality of
the sector in each financial year against a base year of 2007/08. It shows us how sometimes disparate
policy decisions and population changes have affected the arts. And it tells this story across the regions,
across the four UK nations and across the whole country.
Although this is the first UK Arts Index, our plan is publish it each year, updating and improving as we go.
We want it to become the standard measure of the health of the arts, presented in a way that is reliable,
digestible and compelling. We want it to play a part in informed and mature debate and in turn, the
development of intelligent policy. We want artists to use it to support their lobbying and to amplify
their voices in these difficult times.
“I have learn’d by the perfect’st report; they have more in them than mortal knowledge”
Macbeth Act 1 Scene V
© 2011 National Campaign for the Arts
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CONTENTS
1. REPORT SUMMARY - Page 5
2. CREATING THE INDEX - Page 10
3. INTRODUCING THE INDICATORS - Page 13
4. THE UK-WIDE ARTS INDEX - Page 15
5. RESULTS FOR INDIVIDUAL INDICATORS - Page 16
6. COMPARING THE FOUR UK NATIONS - Page 43
7. COMPARING ENGLISH REGIONS - Page 46
8. APPENDICES - Page 50
a. Further sources of information
b. National graphs by indicator
c. Regional graphs by indicator
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REPORT SUMMARY
About the Arts Index
The UK Arts Index is an annual health-check for the arts. For the first time it allows the sector to track
the health of the arts over time and across the UK.
Twenty indicators from a number of different publicly available sources have been brought together,
and grouped into categories, to create the Index. Together these indicators give us a UK-wide picture, as
well as information about the vitality of each nation and each English region. This first Arts Index covers
the years 2007/08 to 2009/10 and from 2012 we will publish and update the report every year.
The overall UK Index for the Arts
The overall UK Arts Index (that is, all 20 indicators combined) remained relatively constant from 2007/08
to 2009/10, despite the UK’s fall into recession during 2008. We think this is a product of sustained
investment and confidence in the sector.
The small rise in the overall UK Index score in 2009/10 is mostly due to a big increase in Lottery funds in
England that year.
Fig. 1 – average UK Index scores
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The Headlines
1. There has been a sustained decline in private sector support
Business contributions and individual giving fell by 17% and 13% respectively from 2007/08 to 2009/10.
While recession had an immediate and predictable effect, the decrease became more marked between
2008/09 and 2009/10. This contrasts with a rapid recession-linked drop in funds from private trusts and
foundations in 2008/09, which later stabilised in 2009/10 as the financial climate improved.
This decline did not affect the overall Arts Index score as it was offset by a large, one-off injection of cash
from the Lottery, much of it through programmes designed to mitigate the impact of the recession.
The US Arts Index shows a steady decline in philanthropic giving over the past decade. Given the
Government’s stated intention that cuts to the arts should be supplemented by philanthropic donations,
these UK and US trends are worrying. The Index will help to measure the effectiveness of new funding
schemes designed to help the sector find philanthropic support.
2. While public funding was stable, the Index was constant
The arts remained healthy through recession thanks to stable levels of Arts Council England and Local
Authority funding combined with Lottery funds to mitigate recession. The Index does not reflect recent
cuts to both which began to take effect in England in 2010/11. The 2012 Index will help measure the
impact of the “double squeeze” already taking effect during 2011.
3. Employment figures went down
Employment in the Arts fell by 9 points between 2008/09 and 2009/10, at the same time earned income
scores went up. Since private sector income has fallen and public sector funding stayed level, it’s possible
that earned income has been raised through belt-tightening. This could also suggest that arts
organisations are working harder to produce great art, with fewer people.
4. Adult attendance remained stable and levels of satisfaction rose
Adult attendance remained static at just under 70% of the UK population, despite the recession.
Meanwhile, the quality of experience recorded went up by five points. Active participation in the arts
went down by four points, however. This area of work has fallen victim to cost-cutting and we anticipate a
bigger reduction still with next year’s funding cuts.
5. There is a large and growing gap between some of the English regions
There is a real difference in scores across the English regions, especially those related to resources
available. London stands out; its average score is 165 points higher than the second highest region.
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The indicators – losses and gains
The diagram below shows how the indicators performed across the UK in 2008/09 and 2009/10, compared to the
2007/08 base score. It shows if an Index score has increased or decreased by 5% or more, or stayed approximately
the same (a variation of plus or minus 4%).
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Fig. 2
2008/09
Of the fifteen indicators measured by the 2008/09 index, four increased by 5% or more, five decreased
by 5% or more and six were non movers. Between 2007/08 and 2008/09, the movement in indicators
was generally quite small.
The largest increase was one of 10% in Earned Income by Regularly Funded Organisations (RFOs) of Arts
Council England. This was followed closely by a (no doubt linked) 9% increase in RFO Expenditure. The
biggest decrease was one of 8%, in Individual Giving.
2009/10
Of the indicators used for the 2009/10 Index, nine increased by 5% or more, three decreased by 5% or
more and six were non movers. Figures for indicators 15 and 16 are not included; they have been
brought forward from 2008/09 due to lack of available data.
Comparing 2009/10 with 2007/08, the movement in indicators was much larger (both positively and
negatively) than those observed in 2008/09.
The biggest rise was 40% for Lottery Funding. It should be noted that the Index shows when Lottery
funds were awarded rather than used. Arts Council England’s ‘Sustain’ funding, awarded to
“organisations under pressure as a result of the recession” accounts for the particularly large increase in
England in 2009/10.
Another particularly big mover was the percentage of ‘Adults Digitally Engaged’ in the arts. This rose by
39% between 2008/09 and 2009/10. We would expect to see large increases in such an emerging
activity and the big rise in this indicator has a significant impact on the overall UK Arts Index.
The biggest decrease was the 17% drop in Business Contributions, followed closely by a fall of 13% in
Individual Giving. The recession has hit business, trusts and foundations hard.
There was a big increase in Adult Volunteering, which went from -5 to +14.
Comparing the nations
The following graph shows the Index score for each of the four UK nations in each of the three years
covered by this report, as well as an average score for each nation across the whole period. In each year
the national index scores have been calculated by comparing national figures to UK-wide figures.
England’s and Scotland’s average scores across the three years were both 101, slightly higher than the
2007/08 UK base score of 100. Wales averaged 98 and Northern Ireland had a significantly lower
average score of 90. This range suggests a big difference in the health of the arts across the four UK
nations.
The range of scores across the years, both across nations and within nations, varies widely. The
fluctuation in the way Lottery funds have been distributed explains some of the most significant
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variations. Although the way Lottery money has been distributed explains some of the differences, it’s
clear that investment in the arts varies widely from place to place, and some parts of the UK are in
danger of being left behind.
Fig. 3
Arts in the regions
The regional indices for the three years have also been averaged to allow comparison between the
regions.
Greater London has a much higher score than any other region with an average of 249. All of the other
regions have a score of less than 100. Scores vary from 84 (North East England) to 61 (East of England).
Looking at individual indicators, there are marked differences between regions. A good example is public
funding per person. In 2009/10 this ranges from £9.76 in the East of England to £36.71 in Greater
London. There are also thought-provoking differences in outputs, particularly public engagement.
There are interesting discontinuities elsewhere. For example the East of England region has the lowest
per capita funding, but it has one of the best engagement rates. The North East has high per capita
funding and also high engagement rates.
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CREATING THE INDEX
What is an index?
‘A measure of the value of a variable relative to its value at some base date or state’
(Oxford Dictionary of Statistics)
An index provides us with a way of understanding how something being observed has changed. In the
Arts Index, this change has been measured over a three-year period. An index also allows people to
compare a number of different sources of information on the same ‘scale’, often set so that its ‘base’
value is 100. This approach has been used here.
If a particular figure increases over time then the corresponding index will increase, and if a figure
decreases the index will drop. From the index you can gauge the extent of change. For example, if the
index increases from 100 to 125 then this represents a 25% increase; if it drops to 75, this represents a
drop of 25%.
Building an index about the UK arts sector
This first UK Arts Index covers three financial years from 2007/08 to 2009/10. It brings together a
number of different sources of information, in a way that allows comparisons to be made between
these years across the regions, across the nations and across the whole country.
In total there are twenty separate indicators that feed into the Index, each of which has been chosen
because it gives us insight into the health and vitality of the arts sector. The indicators are grouped
together into seven categories. The diagram overleaf shows the relationship between these different
financial, economic, cultural and community inputs and outputs.
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Fig. 4
How these indicators are used in the UK Arts Index
To arrive at the score for each indicator, the figures behind them have been compared to the ‘base’
figures for 2007/08, where data was available for that region or nation in that year. Where this data
wasn’t available, two rules have been applied:
-
The earliest year available for the data is the base year. In most cases this is 2007/08.
-
If data is available from an earlier year but gaps exist in later years then the data has been
‘brought forward’ to fill the gaps. This keeps the Index as comparable as possible across the
years.
Where either of the above rules has been applied, we note and elaborate on this.
This approach means that the Index has been built using best practice, while acknowledging that the
data is not complete in every area.
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As an example, the following table illustrates how the score for per capita ‘Trust and Foundation
Contributions to the arts’ has been calculated.
Year
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
Per person
£2.31
£2.14
£2.36
Index
100
93
102
The 2007/08 per capita contribution of £2.31 is set as the base figure, and therefore has a value of 100.
Total contributions drop to £2.14 in 2008/09, so the corresponding index drops 7 points to 93. A drop of
7 points equates to a drop of 7%.
In 2009/10, the contribution goes back up to £2.36. Compared to the 2007/08 base year this represents
a 2 % increase and a corresponding rise of 2 index points.
This individual indicator score is then added to other scores to allow us to calculate aggregated regional
(England only), national and UK-wide Index scores.
Weighting the Index
We have considered the following specific variables when creating the Index:
-
Population at each geographical level has been taken into account so that areas can be
compared ‘like for like’.
Financial figures across the years have been adjusted to take account of inflation using the
Consumer Price Index (CPI).
There is no weighting applied to the data in terms of how the twenty indicators are combined to create
the overall Index; each of the indicators contributes an equal 1/20 of the input.
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INTRODUCING THE INDICATORS
In this section we introduce the twenty indicators that contribute to the overall UK Arts Index. Each
indicator has been given a numerical code for reference in the report. The indicators have been grouped
together under seven summary categories labelled A to G. They have also been given a symbol to
indicate whether the index is based on financial figures (£) or percentages (%).
FINANCIAL INPUTS – PUBLIC FUNDING
1.
Treasury Funding for the arts per person - £
2.
Lottery Funding for the arts per person - £
3.
Local Government Funding for the arts per person - £
FINANCIAL INPUTS – OTHER
4.
Earned Income by regularly funded arts organisations per person - £
5.
Business Contributions to the arts per person - £
6.
Trust and Foundation Contributions to the arts per person - £
7.
Individual Giving to the arts per person - £
NON-FINANCIAL INPUTS
8.
HE Students Studying Creative Arts as a percentage of population - %
9.
Adults Volunteering in the arts as a percentage of population - %
FINANCIAL INPUT / OUTPUT
10.
Combined Reserves of regularly funded arts organisations per person - £
CULTURAL / COMMUNITY OUTPUTS – ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION
11.
Adults Attending an arts activity as a percentage of population - %
12.
Adults Participating in an arts activity as a percentage of population - %
13.
Children and Young People Attending and/or Participating in an arts activity as a
percentage of population - %
14.
Adults ‘Digitally’ Attending and/or Participating in an arts activity as a percentage of
population - %
13
CULTURAL / COMMUNITY OUTPUTS – SATISFACTION
15.
Adults Reporting ‘High Quality’ Experience – %
16.
Adults Reporting Satisfaction with local arts provision - %
FINANCIAL OUTPUTS
17.
Income from West End Theatre - £
18.
Combined Expenditure of regularly funded arts organisations per person - £
19.
Gross Value Added (GVA) of music and the visual and performing arts as a proportion of
the whole economy - %
20.
Employment in music, the visual and performing arts as a proportion of total
employment - %
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THE UK-WIDE ARTS INDEX
This is the headline picture, based on a combination of the scores for our twenty indicators across the
whole of the UK.
Overall UK Arts Index
2007/08 is the baseline year for comparisons and is set to 100. The graph shows us that there was no
increase in the UK-wide Index between 2007/08 and 2008/09 and an increase of 6 points in 2009/10.
This suggests that the overall vitality of the arts increased between 2007/08 and 2009/10. To
understand why and how it may be interpreted in the future we must look more closely at the individual
indicators. These have fluctuated considerably over the years and across the country. This is where the
real stories lie.
Fig. 5
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RESULTS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL INDICATORS
About this section
In this part of the report we consider each of the twenty indicator scores that make up the overall Index
and the figures behind them.
For each indicator there is a graph that shows the change in its UK-wide Index score, compared to its
base year - usually 2007/08, unless otherwise stated.
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FINANCIAL INPUTS – PUBLIC FUNDING
This category contains three indicators:
1.
Treasury Funding for the arts per person
2.
Lottery Funding for the arts per person
3.
Local Government Funding for the arts per person
Combined score for this category
Fig. 6
The combined score is worked out by adding together the funding per head for each year across the
three indicators and comparing it to the 2007/08 figure.
There was no change in public funding between 2007/08 and 2008/09 and an increase of 5% (£1.04) in
2009/10. The total funding per person per year in 2008/09 was £21.52 and in 2009/10 was £22.56.
The higher score in 2009/10 is due to Lottery funds, which were greater in England in that year, largely
due to Arts Council England’s ‘Sustain’ programme. The Index pre-dates widespread cuts in public
funding for the arts made during 2010/11.
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Indicator 1: Treasury Funding for the arts per person
Fig. 7
What the indicator tells us
The indicator remains constant, reflecting near standstill in funding since 2007/08. In 2008/09, total
Treasury funding per person was £8.50 and in 2009/10 this increased by nine pence to £8.59.
Calculating the score
These figures are taken from Annual Reports of all four of the UK’s national Arts Councils and divided by
the population for each nation in that year (based on UK National Statistics). Financial values stated are
adjusted so that that are comparable with 2007/08 prices, using the Consumer Price Index. The score is
based on money per person per year.
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Indicator 2: Lottery Funding for the arts per person
Fig. 8
Figures for Lottery Funding are based on when funds were awarded rather than spent. There is a large
jump in funding levels across the three years covered by the Index, from £2.18 per person in 2007/08 to
£3.04 in 2009/10. This is because of the announcement of important new funding programmes.
The increase in the Lottery Funds for 2009/10 accounts for the overall rise in the combined score for
public funding. On the same principle, we should expect a dip in public funding totals in 2011/12.
Data for this indicator has been taken from the Department for Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS) Lottery
database, and includes grants made to the film sector.
For the Arts Index comparison, all grants for the base year 2007/08 have been included. National and
regional index scores are based on total Lottery grants allocated to the four nations in 2007/08. There is
some variation in the figures because some grants are geographically specific and others UK-wide.
19
Indicator 3: Local Government Funding for the arts per person
Fig. 9
Local government funding remained relatively constant across the three years with the score increasing
slightly, from 100 in 2007/08 to 102 in both of the following years. In cash terms, this represents an
increase from £10.73 in 2007/08 to £11.00 in 2008/09, and a moderate drop to £10.92 in 2009/10.
The Index does not reflect the effects of the Local Government settlement, which will have a significant
impact on 2011/12 totals.
The way that the Local Government figures are expressed across the different nations varies. The
following types of funding have been used:
-
England: Arts development and support / Museums and galleries / Theatres and public
entertainment.
Scotland: Museums and art galleries / Other culture and heritage.
Wales: Museums and art galleries / Arts development and support / Theatres and public
entertainment.
Northern Ireland: Arts development and support.
In all cases we have used net expenditure, excluding Capital Charges and we have divided this by the
regional, national or UK-wide population numbers in that year. Figures for Scotland are higher because
20
they include all culture and heritage spending, not just arts spending.
21
FINANCIAL INPUTS – OTHER
This category contains four indicators:
4.
Earned Income by regularly funded arts organisations per person
5.
Business Contributions to the arts per person
6.
Trust and Foundation Contributions to the arts per person
7.
Individual Giving to the arts per person
Fig. 10
The combined score is worked out by adding together the income per head for each year across the four
indicators and comparing it the 2007/08 figure. In 2007/08 the total income per head was £20.57,
increasing to £20.70 in 2008/09 and decreasing to £19.87 in 2009/10.
The scores here show how well the arts are doing at generating their own revenue. The slight decrease
in 2009/10 reflects the effect the recession has had across these areas, despite arts organisations’ best
efforts, and forebodes an almost certain sharper decline in 2011/12.
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Indicator 4: Earned Income by regularly funded arts
organisations per person
Fig. 11
Regularly funded arts organisations (RFOs) experienced a relatively large increase in earned income
between 2007/08 and 2008/09 – the most significant in any revenue stream, in fact, from £9.34 per
person to £10.27. We suggest that the subsequent slowdown is down to the delayed impact of
recession.
This data is only available for England (from Arts Council England) and Northern Ireland (from Arts
Council Northern Ireland).
In both cases the figure used is the entire earned income reported for all regularly funded organisations
in the given year. This has been divided by national population numbers in that year.
23
Indicator 5: Business Contributions to the arts per person
Fig. 12
The decline in Business Contributions to the arts is the sharpest drop for any revenue stream in the
Index. The per capita figure per person fell from £2.65 in 2007/08 to a low of £2.20 in 2009/10,
suggesting that the recession has had a more immediate and sustained effect here than anywhere else.
Future indices will be able to help measure the impact of policy designed to increase business
contributions to the sector.
The data for this indicator comes from Arts & Business’ Benchmarking Tool. In each case the totals have
been divided by the population of each area for each year. This data refers to contributions made not
just to the arts, but also to heritage, libraries and archives.
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Indicator 6: Trust and Foundation Contributions
to the arts per person
Fig. 13
The trend for donations from Trusts and Foundations is rather different from that for business. There is
a sharp and immediate decline at the start of the recession, from £2.31 in 2007/08 to £2.14 in 2008/09.
This is followed by a positive reversal of that trend in 2009/10, taking per capita Trust and Foundation
Contributions up to a three-year high of £2.36.
Again this data comes from Arts & Business’ Benchmarking Tool. As before, this data refers to
contributions made not just to the arts, but also to heritage, libraries and archives.
25
Indicator 7: Individual Giving to the arts per person
Fig. 14
The decline in support from individual donors is nearly as steep as that for business contributions. There
was a drop from £6.27 per person in 2007/08 to £5.38 in 2009/10. Again, the Index should in future help
measure the impact of government-led encouragement of philanthropy.
As before, this data comes from Arts & Business’ Benchmarking Tool, and refers to contributions made
not just to the arts, but also to heritage, libraries and archives.
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NON-FINANCIAL INPUTS
This category contains two indicators:
8.
HE Students Studying Creative Arts as a percentage of population
9.
Adults Volunteering in the arts as a percentage of population
Fig. 15
The combined score is worked out by averaging the scores for the two indicators in each year. This
dropped slightly in 2008/09, to 98, but recovered strongly in 2009/10, rising to 111. The main reason for
this was the sharp increase in volunteering reported in 2009/10, although it can also be attributed to a
rise in the same year in the number of students studying Creative Arts subjects.
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Indicator 8: HE Students Studying Creative Arts
as a percentage of population
Fig. 16
This indicator shows that there was a small increase in the number of HE students studying creative arts
courses in 2008/09, to 0.27% of the population. There was a further marked increase in 2009/10.
These figures come from the Higher Education Statistics Authority (HESA) and include student numbers
for the following subjects:
-
Programmes broadly-based within the creative arts and design / Fine art / Design studies /
Music / Drama / Dance / Film and photography / Crafts / Imaginative writing.
Figures include all full and part-time postgraduate, first degree and other undergraduate students.
28
Indicator 9: Adults Volunteering in the arts as a percentage of
population
Fig. 17
This indicator shows a marked increase in the proportion of the adult population volunteering in the arts
across the three years, from 1.7% in 2007/08 to 1.9% in 2009/10. This increase makes this shift in scores
one of the highest across the whole Index. Other research suggests that many people volunteering are
older; it’s possible that a growing ageing population finds it has more time on its hands. 1
This data has comes from the DCMS ‘Taking Part’ Survey. Figures are only available for England.
1
Between 2005/06 and 2010/11, the proportion of those aged 65-74 engaging in the arts increased from 70.7 per
cent to 74.1 per cent. Engagement rates in the other age groups remained steady. Source ‘Taking Part’: The
National Survey of Culture, Leisure and Sport June 2011
http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/research/Taking_Part_Y6_Release.pdf
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FINANCIAL INPUT / OUTPUT (RESERVES)
There is just one indicator in this category – the Combined Reserves of regularly funded arts
organisations per person.
Indicator 10: Combined Reserves of regularly funded arts organisations
per person
Fig. 18
Reserves are a good way of measuring arts sustainability. This indicator shows a three-year increase in
the combined reserves of regularly funded arts organisations, from £22.34 per person in 2007/08 to
£24.55 in 2009/10. This sustained increase is a sign of arts organisations’ prudence given the backdrop
of economic recession, and pre-dates 2010/11 cuts to Arts Council England and broader public sector
arts funding.
This data comes from Arts Council England and is only available for England. The figure used is the entire
combined reserves reported for all regularly funded organisations in any given year. The total has been
divided by the population of England in each year.
30
CULTURAL / COMMUNITY OUTPUTS
– ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION
11.
Adults Attending an arts activity as a percentage of population
12.
Adults Participating in an arts activity as a percentage of population
13.
Children and Young People Attending and/or Participating in an arts activity as a
percentage of population
14.
Adults ‘Digitally’ Attending and/or Participating in an arts activity as a percentage of
population
Fig. 19
The combined score is calculated by adding together and averaging the individual indicator scores for
each year. There was a slight drop to 99 in 2008/09, followed by a sharp rise to 109 in 2009/10.
31
Indicator 11: Adults Attending an arts activity as a percentage of
population
This indicator shows that attendance levels dipped slightly in 2008/09, before returning to 100 in
2009/10. A large majority of the public (just under 70% in 2009/10) continue to attend the arts. Given
the recession, we might have expected a negative trend. In hard times, it seems people still like enjoying
themselves, using their heads and doing things in public.
These figures are from the DCMS ‘Taking Part’ Survey in England, and from the arts councils in other
nations.
To work out each score, the total number of adult attendances across the UK has been divided by the
Fig.
20 population for each year for each geographic area.
adult
(16+)
No new Scottish figures are available for 2009/10 so the 2008/09 figures have been carried forward.
32
Indicator 12: Adults Participating in an arts activity
as a percentage of population
Fig. 21
There has been a slight fall in active participation, from 46% of the adult population in 2007/08 to 44%
in 2008/09 and 2009/10.
These figures are have been sourced from the DCMS in England from the ‘Taking Part’ Survey in England,
and from the arts councils in other nations.
The figure used is the recorded number of adults participating in each nation. This has been calculated
using the entire respective adult (16+) population for each year for each geographic area.
No new Scottish figures are available for 2009/10 so the 2008/09 figures have been carried forward.
33
Indicator 13: Children and Young People Attending and/or
Participating in an arts activity as a percentage of population
Fig. 22
As complete data was not available in 2007/08, 2008/09 is used as the base year for this indicator. This
is why there is no score shown in the graph for 2007/08.
The proportion of children attending and/or participating in the arts was very high (97% in the base
year) and was unchanged in 2009/10.
The data comes from a number of sources and is only available for England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
-
English data comes from the DCMS ‘Taking Part’ Survey.
-
Welsh data is from ‘The Children’s Omnibus’ Survey, produced by Arts Council Wales.
-
Northern Irish data is from ‘The Young Persons’ Behaviour & Attitudes’ Survey, carried out by
the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
34
Indicator 14: Adults ‘Digitally’ Attending and/or Participating
in an arts activity as a percentage of population
Fig. 23
The indicator is based on 2008/09 data because no 2007/08 data was available. This is why no score is
shown in the graph for 2007/08. The very significant growth in digital engagement, up to 139, reflects
changes in technology itself, people’s use of it, and how the arts sector has developed its own use of
technology. It is included here because of the increasing cultural significance technology has.
This increase is by far the largest across all of the indicators and is a significant factor in the higher UKwide Index score reported for 2009/10.
Data for this indicator comes from DCMS’ ‘Taking Part’ Survey, and is only available for England. It refers
to the proportion of adults who have digitally participated in culture in each year.
35
CULTURAL / COMMUNITY OUTPUTS – SATISFACTION
This category contains two indicators:
15.
Adults Reporting ‘High Quality’ Experience
16.
Adults Reporting Satisfaction with local arts provision
Fig. 24
The combined score is worked out by adding together and averaging the individual indicator scores for
each year. There was an increase in 2008/09 to 105. Data was not available for 2009/10, so the 2008/09
figure has been brought forward.
The quality of art is important to people. This part of the Index complements the financial indicators, as
it’s based on what people think of the art they’ve seen, and how well it’s supported locally. Large
samples mean we can track changes vigorously and meaningfully.
36
Indicator 15: Adults Reporting ‘High Quality’ Experience
Fig. 25
In 2007/08, 57% of adults rated their most recent arts experience as ‘High Quality’, increasing slightly to
60% in 2008/09. There is no information available for 2009/10 so the 2008/09 figure has been brought
forward.
This indicator is probably most valuable as a measure of shifts in public perception of their arts
experiences. As well as indicating better art, feedback may be affected by other things such as customer
service, catering or PR.
The data comes from DCMS’ ‘Taking Part’ Survey, and is only available for England. There are currently
only two years of data available nationally (2007-2009) and there is only one year of regional data
available.
37
Indicator 16: Adults Reporting Satisfaction with local arts provision
Fig. 26
From 2007/08 to 2008/09, there was a small rise in adults reporting satisfaction with their local arts
provision, from 41% to 43%. Though the rise is encouraging, it’s worth pointing out that a majority of
people remain neutral or unsatisfied with local arts provision. There are still plenty of opportunities for
local authorities to reach out to their communities and provide better access to art.
This data was not available for 2009/10, so the 2008/09 figure has been brought forward.
The data for this indicator is only available for England. It was originally collected through BVPI (Best
Value Performance Indicator) surveys, which allowed reporting at national but not regional level, and
then through the ‘Place’ Survey.
38
FINANCIAL OUTPUTS
17.
Income from West End Theatre
18.
Combined Expenditure of regularly funded arts organisations per person
19.
Gross Value Added (GVA) of music and the visual and performing arts as a proportion of
the whole economy
20.
Employment in music, the visual and performing arts as a proportion of total
employment
Fig. 27
The combined score is worked out by adding together and averaging the individual indicator scores for
each year. There was a small increase in 2008/09 to a score of 102 and a larger increase in 2009/10 to
105.
Despite the standstill in public subsidy, there was some growth in the contribution made to the
economy by the arts, in part a reflection of increases in earned income.
This set of indicators reflects some of the ways in which the arts contribute back into the economy. The
set is not exhaustive, but provides a balanced mix of indicators, that can be usefully tracked across the
three-year period.
39
Indicator 17: Income from West End Theatre
Fig.28
While West End theatre does not represent all the commercial arts, it is a good proxy in a sector that is
generally considered to be sensitive to changes in the financial climate. Data about the West End has
also been collected for a considerable period.
The data suggests that the health of the West End has been relatively unaffected by recession over the
three years. The West End remains a popular destination for tourists and UK citizens alike - the same
number of people attend West End shows as go to Premiership football matches - and the shows
conceived ‘further down’ the arts pyramid continue to grow and flourish at ‘the top’.
Figures come from the Society of London Theatre, and refer to total revenue (including VAT) across all
West End theatres.
40
Indicator 18: Combined Expenditure of regularly funded arts
organisations per person
Fig. 29
In England, regularly funded arts organisations increased their expenditure from £20.07 per person in
2007/08 to £21.71 in 2009/10. This represents a ‘return’ of £2.53 to the economy for every £1 of
Treasury funding.
Closer inspection of the nature of this expenditure is crucial to understanding the vulnerability and
resilience of an organisation’s financial model, and we hope to include this in future editions. We hope
to use the 2012 Arts Index to investigate this further.
This data comes from Arts Council England and Arts Council Northern Ireland. In each case, the figure
used is the entire expenditure reported by all regularly funded organisations in each year divided by the
population in that area in any year.
41
Indicator 19: Gross Value Added (GVA) of music and the visual and
performing arts as a proportion of the whole economy
Fig. 30
GVA tells us about the net profit generated by the sector. Data is unavailable from 2007/08 so the base
year is 2008/09.
There was a significant increase in GVA from 2008/09 to 2009/10, rising 19 Index points.
The GVA figures are taken from the Annual Business Survey. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
Codes used in the Survey changed in 2007, so comparable data is only available for 2008/9 and 2009/10.
42
Indicator 20: Employment in music, the visual and
performing arts as a proportion of total employment
Fig. 31
This indicator shows employment in the arts sector as a proportion of total UK employment.
Data is unavailable from 2007/08 so the base year in 2008/09. From 2008/09 to 2009/10 the score went
down by 9 points. This significant decrease suggests that arts organisations are in part adopting cost
cutting measures to help them weather the recession, and predates widespread public sector cuts to
arts funding in 2010/11. Jobs have been lost because of a recession in the commercial sector and
standstill settlements in the funded sector.
Despite positive performance overall, this shows us that jobs are vulnerable in an uncertain financial
climate.
The employment figures are taken from the Office for National Statistics’ ‘Annual Business Survey’. Data
is only available for two years.
43
COMPARING THE FOUR UK NATIONS
Comparing the relative health of the arts in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland is not just
politically valuable; it also offers us real insight into the impact of different policies.
Nationally, there is some variance in the way that data used in the Index is collected. Often different
nations use different data collection methods and in some cases information is only available for
England. This can make comparison at this level challenging.
2007-10 three-year average Index score by nation
Fig. 32
Fig. 32
The graph above shows the average index for each nation over three years, and compares this to the UK
Arts Index score for the 2007/08 base year. Where necessary the different population sizes have been
taken into account to allow direct comparisons to be made. The following calculation shows how the
scores for England were calculated for the national comparisons:
2007/08 = 99 (compared to the UK Index score for 2007/08)
2008/09 = 100 (compared to the Overall UK Index score for 2007/08)
44
2009/10 = 105 (compared to the Overall UK Index score for 2007/08)
99 + 100 +105 = 304 divided by 3 is 101(rounded to nearest index point)
Only England’s and Scotland’s average scores are higher than the Index base of 100 across the three
years. Wales’ average score is just below 100 and Northern Ireland’s is significantly lower, at 90.
These differences suggest a substantial difference in the vitality of each nation’s arts sector. The national
comparison is particularly interesting when broken down year on year. This is shown on the graph
below.
National Index scores for each year
Fig. 33
All scores have been compared with the UK figures for 2007/08 (marked as ‘base’ on the graph).
Interrogating individual indicator scores for each nation suggests two main reasons for the relative
difference in these national scores. Firstly, the scores suggest that the recession ‘bit’ more quickly and
more deeply in other parts of the UK than in England.
Secondly, and we think more significantly, the scores reflect inconsistencies in when and how Lottery
money was allocated in each of the four nations. The UK Index score for this indicator (No. 2) rises to
140 in 2009/10, while in England it is 123, Scotland 41, Wales 180 and Northern Ireland 360.
In more general terms too, each nation has ‘performed’ differently over the three years:
45
-
England is the most consistent nation, showing a modest improvement over the three years,
and mirroring most closely the UK Index scores. This is because there are only slight movements
in the indicators between years for England, when compared with the other nations.
-
In Scotland, the overall Index score drops from 121 in 2007/08 to 85 in 2009/10 (and the lottery
funding score from 284 to just 41).
-
For Wales the picture is more erratic: the Index score initially drops from 108 to 89 and then
recovers slightly in 2009/10, rising to 96. This is similarly affected by the Lottery figures, which
drop to a very low 64 in 2008/09 but increase again to a new high of 180 in 2009/10. This masks
a drop in local authority funding, a far more significant source of income in Wales than in other
countries.
-
Northern Ireland’s Index scores are also erratic, initially dropping to 81 and then rising strongly
in 2009/10 to 100. The positive change in the overall Index in 2009/10 can in part be attributed
to the massive increase in Lottery Funds allocated that year. Less visible, but nonetheless
significant, is the increase in Treasury Funds in 2009/10.
46
COMPARING THE ENGLISH REGIONS
Across the nine English regions we have consistent information for many of the indicators, allowing their
vitality to be compared like for like.
The graph shows the average score for each English region over three years and compares this to the
2007/08 UK Index base of 100. The regions are ranked in descending order of average score.
2007-10 three-year average Index score by region
Fig. 34
London’s dominant role in the UK arts sector is widely acknowledged, and the diagram shows the impact
of London scores on the UK-wide Index score. It is the most ‘healthy’ region in England with a very high
average score of 249.
All other regions fall below the 2007/08 UK Index base of 100. North East England scores most highly
(84) and East of England the lowest (61).
The following graph breaks down the regions by year, compared to the UK Index base of 100.
47
Regional Index scores for each year
Fig. 35
The graph shows erosion over the three years of London’s dominant position, the result of its score
falling from 292 in 2007/08 to 226 in 2009/10 and of other regional scores increasing.
Closer inspection suggests London’s comparative decline arises less from a redistribution of public funds
(which have remained fairly constant) than from the effect of recession on the other Index indicators.
Despite all but one of the other regions (North East England) seeing an increase in their scores over the
three years, there are some interesting differences in individual indicator scores between regions. To
illustrate the differences, scores are often expressed as an average across the three years.
48
Greater London - Average three-year score, 249
The Index shows that London is a very different arts animal. It gets more public money (an average
score of 265 for Treasury Funding, or £22.56 per person), Business Contributions are higher (average
score 370 or £9.80 per head) as are those made by Trusts and Foundations (a score of 432, or £10 per
person).
It’s Individual Giving score is almost off the scale, at an average of 612 (£38.40 per head). In 2008/09,
London received 69% of all UK Individual Giving in the arts. Local Government Funding is, however,
slightly lower than the UK Index score, averaging 91. These headline figures obscure some real negatives
though; monies from fundraising and philanthropy were adversely affected from 2008/09 by recession,
and there was a significant fall in employment in 2009/10.
North East England - Average three-year score, 84
North East England has the second highest score after Greater London, largely as a result of high
financial inputs.
After London, it has the highest scores for Lottery Funding, Business Contributions and Trust and
Foundation funding, and the highest for Local Government Funding in the whole of England (averaging
£11.38 per person). While Treasury Funding was relatively low in 2009/10 (a score of 66), Lottery
Funding is particularly high the same year (201).
In trying to raise funds from the private sector, the North East appears to have been more affected by
recession than any other region, though there are some signs of recovery in 2009/10. The region has
also seen one of the highest increases in attendance, its score rising from 83 to 95 over the three years.
West Midlands - Average three-year score, 75
After London, the West Midlands has consistently had the highest Treasury Funding per person, with a
score of 100 (£8.54 per person in 2009/10). The region also has the highest score for a recent ‘High
Quality’ experience (116).
Despite including a large conurbation and a number of major arts organisations, the region had some of
the lowest scores for Business and Trust and Foundation Contributions and Individual Giving.
South East England - Average three-year score, 73
This region’s scores appear in many cases to buck wider trends reported in the Index. South East
England has the lowest score for Treasury Funding (just 20 in 2009/10 equivalent to £1.73 per person).
However, the effects of recession on private sector fundraising in the region seem negligible, and
contributions from Trusts and Foundations have increased significantly since 2007/8. Employment in the
arts increased from 2008/09 to 2009/10, in stark contrast to every other region.
The region’s scores for engagement are positive; 2009/10 scores for adult attendance (77% of the
population) and participation (54% of the population) are the highest of all the regions. However, at
49
the same time, the proportion of people rating their last arts experience as ‘High Quality’ was one of the
lowest in the country.
Yorkshire and the Humber - Average three-year score, 72
The overall trends in the Yorkshire and the Humber region scores are pretty consistent with UK Index
trends. The region attracted average levels of funding (except Lottery Funding, which was higher than
the national average in 2009/10), and achieved outputs close to the national average.
Money secured from the private sector might be considered low given the large urban areas in the
region. Between 2008/09 and 2009/10, there was a significant drop in the percentage of the population
working in the arts, the most dramatic decline after London.
North West England - Average three-year score, 70
Scores for North West England also vary little from wider Index trends or regional averages. Business
Contributions in 2007/08 were relatively high but dropped dramatically in 2008/09 and then again in
2009/10, showing no signs of the recovery seen in some other regions
South West England - Average three-year score, 70
The South West gets lower than average per capita income from public and private sectors, perhaps
reflecting the high incidence of smaller-scale, more ‘grass roots’, activity in the region, and has the
lowest score of all regions for Local Government Funding. There has been a slight decline in engagement
over the three years, although digital engagement did increase and by 2009/10 was one of the highest.
East Midlands - Average three-year score, 64
Although its overall regional score is low, the East Midlands did considerably better than its
neighbouring region to the east, with an average score for public funding of 61 over three years. The
recession seems to have hit what was already a small contribution from the private sector, and
attendance and particularly participation declined over the period. There was a marked increase in the
number of people employed in the arts in the East Midlands between 2008/09 and 2009/10.
East of England - Average three-year score, 61
That the East of England scores are the lowest in the Index is largely due to low levels of financial
investment, particularly from public funders. The region has the second lowest contributions from
Treasury Funds and Local Government, and the lowest contribution from the Lottery (£1.15 per person
in 2009/10, in a year when many regions saw huge increases).
Nevertheless, it has the second highest score for engagement, which rose over the three years,
suggesting those living in the region really value the artistic activity that happens there.
50
APPENDICES
Appendix A - Further sources of information
In this section we provide further details of the data sources that were used as a basis to the indicators.
An overview for each indicator is provided in the main report. .
General sources
A. Population – UK National Statistics - http://www.statistics.gov.uk
B. Consumer Price Index (CPI) UK National Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/a-to-i-apr-2011.pdf
The Indicators
1. Treasury Funding for the arts per person
-
Grant in Aid Figures taken from Annual Reports of all the UK Arts Councils (published on
their websites)
2. Lottery Funding for the arts per person
-
Department of Culture Media Sport (DCMS) Lottery database:
http://www.lottery.culture.gov.uk/
3. Local Government Funding for the arts per person
-
England: Arts development and support / Museums and galleries / Theatres and public
entertainment: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/pdf/1826743.pdf
-
Scotland: Museums and art galleries / Other culture and heritage:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/342182/0113846.pdf
-
Wales: Museums and art galleries / Arts development and support / Theatres and public
entertainment: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100928localgovfinanceen.pdf
-
Northern Ireland: Arts development and support: Direct data request to Arts Council
Northern Ireland.
51
4. Earned Income by regularly funded arts organisations per person
-
England: Arts Council England
http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/pdf/final_annual_submission2011.pdf
-
Northern Ireland: Direct data request to Arts Council Northern Ireland.
5. Business Contributions to the arts per person
-
Arts & Business:
http://www.artsandbusiness.org.uk/media%20library/Files/Research/pics0910/artsandbusiness-PICS0910-2.pdf
6. Trust and Foundation Contributions to the arts per person
-
Arts & Business:
7. Individual Giving to the arts per person
-
Arts & Business:
8. HE Students Studying Creative Arts as a percentage of population
-
Higher Education Statistics Authority (HESA):
http://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/dataTables/studentsAndQualifiers/download/subject0910.xl
s
9. Adults Volunteering in the arts as a percentage of population
-
England: Department of Culture Media Sport (DCMS) ‘Taking Part’ Survey:
http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/research/Y6_Q3_Figures_VOLUNTEERING.xls
10. Combined Reserves of regularly funded arts organisations per person
52
-
England: Arts Council:
11. Adults Attending an arts activity as percentage of population
-
https://www.kmrsoftware.net/netquestdcms/login/login.aspx
-
Scotland: Scottish Arts Council:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/08/25092046/14
-
Wales: Arts Council Wales: https://www.artswales.org.uk/8218.file.dld
-
Northern Ireland: Arts Council Northern Ireland:
http://www.dcalni.gov.uk/experience_of_the_arts_bulletin_chs_200910.pdf
12. Adults Participating in an arts activity as percentage of population
-
https://www.kmrsoftware.net/netquestdcms/login/login.aspx
-
Scotland: ‘Scottish Household’ Survey: http://scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/16002
-
Wales: Arts Council Wales: https://www.artswales.org.uk/8218.file.dld
-
Northern Ireland: Arts Council Northern Ireland:
http://www.dcalni.gov.uk/experience_of_the_arts_bulletin_chs_200910.pdf
13. Children and Young People Attending and/or Participating in an arts activity as percentage of
population
-
http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/research/TP_Y5FiguresArts.xls
-
Wales: The Children’s Omnibus’ Survey, produced by Arts Council Wales:
http://artswales.org.uk/what-we-do/research/annual-surveys/childrens-omnibus-survey
-
Northern Ireland: ‘Young Persons’ Behaviour & Attitudes’ Survey, carried out by the Northern
Ireland Statistics and Research Agency:
http://www.csu.nisra.gov.uk/YPBAS%202007%20Topline%20Results%20Weighted.pdf
14. Adults ‘Digitally’ Attending and/or Participating in an arts activity as percentage of population
53
-
http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/research/Y6_Q3_Figures_DIGITAL_PARTICIPATION.xls
15. Adults Reporting ‘High Quality’ Experience
-
http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/arts_engagement_in_england_0809.pdf
16. Adults Reporting Satisfaction with local arts provision
-
England: Best Value Performance Indicator (BVPI) surveys (2007/08): http://www.auditcommission.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Downloads/2006_07UserSurveyBVPIswithDistri
cts.xls
-
Place Survey (2008/09):
http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1326148.xls
17. Income from West End Theatre
-
Society of London Theatre:
http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/servlet/file/store8/item111359/version1/Box%20Off
ice%20Data%202009.pdf
18. Combined Expenditure of regularly funded arts organisations per person
-
England: Arts Council England
-
Northern Ireland: Direct data request to Arts Council Northern Ireland.
19. Gross Value Added (GVA) of music and the visual and performing arts as a proportion of the whole
economy
-
Annual Business Survey:
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/search/index.html?pageSize=50&newquery=annual+business+su
rvey
20. Employment in music, the visual and performing arts as a proportion of total employment
54
-
Annual Business Survey:
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/search/index.html?pageSize=50&newquery=annual+business+su
rvey
55
Appendix B - National graphs by indicator
These graphs show each nation’s indicator scores for the three years compared to the UK average for
each indicator. Where data is missing the column is labelled ‘0’. The axis scaling differs for each nation.
England
Fig. 36
Scotland
56
Fig. 37
Wales
57
Fig. 38
Northern Ireland
58
Fig. 39
59
Appendix C – Regional graphs by indicator
These graphs show each region’s indicator scores for the three years compared to the UK average for
each indicator. Where data is missing the column is labelled ‘0’. The axis scaling differs for each region.
East Midlands
Fig. 40
60
East of England
Fig. 41
61
Greater London
Fig. 42
62
North East England
Fig. 43
63
North West England
Fig. 44
64
South East England
Fig. 45
65
South West England
Fig. 46
66
West Midlands
Fig. 47
67
Yorkshire and the Humber
Fig. 48
68

Arts Index 2011 - My Theatre Matters

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