Lecture 7 The Bauhaus and the 20th

Lecture 7
The Bauhaus and the 20th-Century
Modern Movement
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Rudolf Petersdorff
Department Store,
Breslau, 1927/28
Night view of another
Schocken Department
Store by Mendelson –
note the effects of his
‘Lichtarchitektur’ (light
architecture) and the
purposely achieved
transparency of the
floor-to-ceiling shop
windows on the
ground floor
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Piet Mondrian, Dutch Modernist painter, 1872-1944
An important contributor to 20th-century abstract painting and the Dutch De Stijl
movement. His journey from realis m to Impressionism to abstraction represents a major
moment in the evolution of 20th-century artistic expression in painting. Contemporary
Photograph, “Live Oak” – very similar to Mondrian’s early hyper-realist graphite sketches
of trees and views of the forest executed in the 1890s
Piet Mondrian, Red Trees, 1908
Piet Mondrian (Dutch), Study of Trees, 1913
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Piet Mondrian, The Red Tree, 1910
Piet Mondrian, The Red Tree, 1910, detail
Piet Mondrian, The Grey Tree, 1911
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Piet Mondrian, Trees, 1912
Piet Mondrian, Flowering Tree, 1912
Piet Mondrian, Line and Color, 1915
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Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1915
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1915
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1921
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Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1943
Theo van Doesburg, Project for the “Cinema Dance Hall,”
perspective view, Strasbourg, France, 1928
Theo van Doesburg, Cinema Dance Hall, Strasbourg, France, 1928
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Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht (Holland), 1924, exterior view
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, ground floor plan
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Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, second floor plan (note
retractable partitions)
Gerritt Rietveld,
Schroeder House,
Utrecht, 1924,
interior perspective
view
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, interior view
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Gerritt Rietveld, table and chair, 1924
Mondrian composition, Rietveld Chair, Schroeder House
interior perspective view
Walter Gropius in Weimar, Dessau, and at Harvard (1919;
1926; 1960)
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Lyonel
Feininger,
(Church at)
Gelmeroda XII
Paul Klee, Small squares and pine tree, approximately
1922
Wassily Kandinsky, Fairy Tale, 1905, and Untitled, 1930
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Johannes Itten,
Swiss painter
and devotee of
religious
mysticism as a
basis for
individual
liberation and
creativity,
shown here with
his color wheel
for teaching
color theory
Johannes Itten design used as a watch face, Mondaine
Company, Switzerland, 2000
A woodcut of a
cathedral, by L yonel
Feininger, illustrated
the four page
Bauhaus Manifesto.
Beams of light
converging upon the
cathedral’s three
spires representing
the three arts;
architecture, sculpture
and painting
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Walter Gropius, diagram of Bauhaus curriculum, 1919,
from “outside” to “inside” the circle, or from “introductory
course” to mastery of a craft, to art, to architecture
Walter Gropius, diagram of Bauhaus curriculum, 1919, from
“outside” to “inside” the circle, or from “introductory course” to
mastery of a craft, to art, to architecture
Josef Albers, student work for the Bauhaus introductory
course, watercolor on paper, 1922
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"In visual perception, a color is
almost never seen as it really is- as
it physically is. This fact makes
color the most relative medium in
art."
- Josef Albers
Top center, Annie Albers, Bauhaus
carpet design, 1923
Anni Albers, wall hanging from Bauhaus weaving
workshop, 1923; Josef Albers, set of nesting tables,
Bauhaus wood workshops, 1926
Joost Schmidt, Bauhaus student, design of a chess set in
which the design of each piece contains information about
its movement according to the rules of the game; birch,
ebony, executed in Bauhaus workshop (1923)
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Wilhelm Wagenfeld, Bauhaus lamp from metal w orkshop, Dessau, 1928;
Marianne Brandt, Tea-e xtract pot, 1924, Brass, silver, ebony
Gropius, design for a door handle, 1923;
Mies van der Rohe, cantile vered chair using
metal tubing, 1928
Laszlo MoholyNagy, Forms in
Space, 1924
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Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Light-Space Modulator, 1922-1930
Walter Gropius,
shown with his
design (with
Adolf Me yer),
Competition
Design for the
Chicago Tribune
Tower, 1922
Walter Gropius and Adolf Me yer,
1922 Competition Design for the
Chicago Tribune Tower (below, the
winning design by John Mead Howells
and Raymond Mead and Hood , as
completed in 1925)
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Burnham, Flatiron building, 1902 and Lebrun, Met Life Tower, 1909
Walter Gropius, Bauhaus building, Dessau, Germany, 1926, aerial view
visit: http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/en/history.asp?p=bauhaus
Below: Walter Gropius, Bauhaus building, Dessau, Germany, aerial view today.
Visit: http://www.bauhausdessau.de/en/history.asp?p=bauhaus
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Dessau-Bauhaus school, designed by Gropius, 1926
1924-25 Bauhaus Building, Dessau
Gropius, Bauhaus building plan, Dessau, 1925-26
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3-D computer model from year 2000 showing Bauhaus building and its
distribution of functions (Prellerhaus = student dormitory tower)
Gropius’s Bauhaus plan (1926) compared to Palladio’s Villa
Rotunda in Vicenza, Italy (1550)
Gropius: Bauhaus Master's House (top: Gropius house; bottom: house for
Lyonel Feininger), Dessau, 1926
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Walter Gropius, Torten
housing estate, Dessau,
1926-30
Josef Albers, Example of Bauhaus typography, 1925
Hannes Me yer, Project for the
League fo Nations competition,
1927, Geneva, a xonometric view
Marianne Brandt, table lamp, 1929,
fulfilling dictum that
form = function x economy
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Iwao Yamawaki,
“Attack on the
Bauhaus,”
collage, 1932
Walter Gropius, Gropius house, Lincoln, Mass., 1938
Walter Gropius/The Architects Collaborative, Harkness Commons and
Graduate Center, Harvard Uni versity, 1950
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.
.
Ma x Bill, Hochschule fuer Gestaltung (Academy of Design), Ulm, 1956;
student-designed “living pod,” 1965; a radio for Braun Co. by Dieter
Rams, 1958; Tomas Maldonado, Lufthansa corporate image design
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Hans M.
Wingler (left)
and Walter
Gropius (right) Opening
ceremony of the
Bauhaus
Archi ve in
Darmstadt,
1961
The bauhausshop offers a
panorama of
design from
Bauhaus to
Contemporary.
The range
includes "icons"
of design such
as the Bauhaus
lamp or vases
by Al var Aalto,
but also
anonymous
items of
industrial
design.
.
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