Contemporary Swedish Illustrators
Transcription
Contemporary Swedish Illustrators
Emma Adbåge Pija Lindenbaum Lisen Adbåge Eva Lindström Siri Ahmed Backström Sara Lundberg Anna Bengtsson Jan Lööf Ida Björs Jockum Nordström Karin Cyrén Sven Nordqvist Clara Dackenberg Klara Persson Helena Davidsson Charlotte Ramel Neppelberg Matilda Ruta Eva Eriksson Lena Sjöberg Ann Forslind Pernilla Stalfelt Gunna Grähs Anna-Clara Tidholm Joanna Hellgren Ilon Wikland Anna Höglund Emma Virke Maria Jönsson Stina Wirsén Olof Landström Emelie Östergren 1 © Swedish Art Council 2013 Graphic design: Studio Mats Hedman Editor: Ylva Lagercrantz Spindler Text: Andreas Berg, Annika Gunnarsson, Lena Kåreland Translation: Exacta isbn: 978-91-85259-95-3 Printed by Ineko, Stockholm, 2013 Illustrations are in some cases cropped in dialogue with the illustrators. The Swedish Art Council supports, develops and initiates cooperations between the state, the region, the municipalities and representatives for cultural life in Sweden, e.g. libraries, museums and performing arts centres. The aim is to safeguard and develop Swedish national cultural policy, and to promote cultural diversity and even geographical spread in cultural provision. The Swedish Arts Council PO Box 27215, SE 102 53 Stockholm Phone: +46-8-519 264 00 [email protected] www.artscouncil.se 2 Content Preface The Story of Swedish Picturebooks The Jury’s Work 5 7 22 Contemporary Swedish Illustrators Emma Adbåge Lisen Adbåge Siri Ahmed Backström Anna Bengtsson Ida Björs Karin Cyrén Clara Dackenberg Helena Davidsson Neppelberg Eva Eriksson Ann Forslind Gunna Grähs Joanna Hellgren Anna Höglund Maria Jönsson Olof Landström Pija Lindenbaum Eva Lindström Sara Lundberg Jan Lööf Sven Nordqvist Jockum Nordström Klara Persson Charlotte Ramel Matilda Ruta Lena Sjöberg Pernilla Stalfelt Anna-Clara Tidholm Ilon Wikland Emma Virke Stina Wirsén Emelie Östergren 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110 114 118 122 126 130 134 138 142 146 Presentation of the Jury 150 3 4 Preface Kennet Johansson, Director general Swedish Arts Council Children’s right to culture is the theme for 2013 as Sweden attends the Children’s Book Fair in Bologna, for the first time as guest of honour. At the fair, we present the works of 31 of Sweden’s most interesting contemporary children’s book illustrators. This richly illustrated catalogue will give you a broad picture of the history of children’s books in Sweden, the jury selection process and present the selected illustrators and their works. In this way we hope to provide you as a reader with a good idea of t he current position of Swedish children’s book illustration. Our participation gives us an opportunity to promote and present Swedish literature for children and young adults at the world’s largest book fair for children’s literature. This is a trade fair exclusively for adults but, in the absence of children, this makes it even more important for us to focus on the child perspective. Children’s right to culture is about the right to a position in society, to express themselves and to have access to different expressions to be inspired, acknowledged and heard. Literature has a special place in children’s culture – and the child has a special place in literature. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires its signatories to encourage the production and circulation of children’s books. In daily news reports in media, we often see children as vulnerable, as victims of disasters and accidents. Occasionally in interview situations, children are allowed to speak for themselves, but generally we talk about children – not to them. Literature for children and young adults helps to give them a voice. The illustrators presented in our exhibition take a genuine child perspective, focusing on children and children’s issues, rendering them visible not only to the children themselves but also to adults. This is, of course, by no means unique to Sweden. The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award, for instance, has honoured first-class literature from Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Japan, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA over the past ten years. Debates on quality, messages and content are always current. By children’s right to culture, we also mean children’s right to art, “to participate freely in cultural life and the arts” as the UN Convention puts it. Children must have the possibility to be exposed to challenging art and to see art from different perspectives. They must be able to take part in diverse forms of expression that may be important, funny, surprising and investigating. Children should not be diminished or ridiculed. Children are people and citizens, just little less experienced. But they live here and now. They are not waiting to become adults, and we cannot predict what they will need in twenty years time – but we can listen to them and find out what they need right now. 5 ivar arosenius 6 From Kattresan (1909) The Story of Swedish Picturebooks Lena Kåreland Picturebooks have long accounted for a large proportion of children’s book publishing in Sweden. Over 200 original Swedish picturebooks were published in 2011. The history of picturebooks is closely linked with developments in printing. It was thanks to new printing techniques that a greater number of picture books were produced in Sweden towards the end of the 19th century. Sweden at this point had a sufficiently wide readership, the technical ability to reproduce pictures, and artists who concentrated on illustration. At the time, picturebooks were rarely produced in print runs of more than 2 000. These were often what we would perhaps now term coffee-table books, large format hardbacks, which therefore only reached the educated bourgeoisie. However, the many Christmas magazines of the period, with a circulation of sometimes 200 000, enabled illustrators to reach a wider audience. These Christmas magazines placed great emphasis on illustrations, and artists such as Carl Larsson, Ottilia Adelborg and Jenny Nyström were frequent contributors. The concept of picturebooks was established in Sweden as early as about 1860, when it became possible to print picturebooks reasonably easily and cheaply. By picture book here we are talking about books with one or more illustrations on each spread. One very popular picture reproduction technique in the 19th century was wood- cuts, or xylography, and lithography was also used. Towards the end of the 19th century photomechanical methods had become considerably cheaper and it became possible to develop inks by chemical means. This revolutionised colour printing, making illustrations considerably more cost-efficient to produce. Picturebooks and other media The modern picturebooks of our day must be seen in conjunction with the way media have developed. Picturebooks, and children’s books in general, are only one of several media that tell stories to children today. Statistics available show that children and young people are reading less than they used to. However, while they may be reading fewer printed books than before, they are reading in other ways. They play computer games and chat, the internet is part of daily life even for very young children. Children encounter the stories and characters in children’s books through TV and video, through audiobooks, in comics, through drama and theatre or in songs. Most children these days will get to know a character like Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Longstocking through films, recordings and songs rather than through the three books about Pippi that were published in the 1940s. Children’s access to literature Books specially designed for children have been published since the 16th century in Sweden. For a long time, children and young people, often in the company of 7 adults, were entertained by literature that was not intended for them at all, such as chapbooks and broadsides. Besides literacy, being able to read books also depends on having the time and an opportunity to read. Literacy increased when compulsory schooling was introduced in 1842. However, children’s books were an expensive purchase and only a few well-off parents could afford to buy books for their children. Consequently it took time before all children had the opportunity to encounter literature in the form of picturebooks and stories. It was not until the 20th century that children’s libraries run by local authorities began to emerge. Sweden’s first children’s library opened in Stockholm in 1911. Nor should we forget that children were an important part of the industrial and agricultural workforce and far from all children were permitted to sit with their nose in a book purely for entertainment. Picturebooks, like other literature, express standards and values that tell us something about contemporary opinions on children and their place in society. Older picturebooks tended to be improving, moral tales. One example is Ottilia Adelborg’s picturebook Pelle Snygg och barnen i Snaskeby, 1896 (Clean Peter and the Children of Grubbylea, 1901), partly inspired by Heinrich Hoffmann’s Struwwelpeter from 1845. In Adelborg’s book, a paean to cleanliness, we learn how the neat and tidy Clean Peter, representing the expectations of the adult world, comes to Grubbylea, where the children play in the dirt. With Peter’s arrival, neatness and order are imposed. The children no longer shun soap and water. The book about Clean Peter was published after 1900 in the UK, Germany and Holland, making it one of few Swedish picturebooks to make a breakthrough outside Sweden at the time. Swedish literature for Swedish children A milestone in the history of Swedish picturebooks, Jenny Nyström’s Barnkammarens bok, 1882 (The Nursery Book) represents the dawn of authentically Swedish picturebook publishing. Appreciative reviews drew attention to the fact that this was a Swedish work, emphasising a Swedish setting and Swedish traditions, unlike all the foreign books that had previously dominated the market. The pictures in most illustrated books had been taken from the foreign editions or were printed abroad. With its popular poems and rhymes, Barnkammarens bok, however, was Swedish through and through. Some of its rhymes, characterised by the nationalism and national romanticism of the period, live on to this day. Due to the many illustrations, printed in four colours, the book was quite expensive to buy and never reached a wide readership. At the time Barnkammarens bok was published, Jenny Nyström had completed her training at the Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm and had started studying in Paris. In 1875 she had illustrated Lille Viggs äfventyr på julafton (Little Vigg’s Adventure on Christmas Eve, 1981) by Viktor Rydberg, and from the 1880s onwards she was one of the most popular illustrators of children’s books in Sweden. She was a regular contributor to the many Christmas magazines published at the time. Today she is probably best remembered as an adept illustrator of Christmas cards. Nyström is also an example of the many women with a sound artistic training, spanning studies at the Swedish Academy and abroad, who came to work in the sphere of children’s books in the years around 1900. Another early example of a Swedish picturebook artist is Nanna Bendixson, who also trained at the Swedish Academy. In 1886 she published Skogstomten (The Forest Goblin) about two children who set off into the forest. The detailed illustrations point towards Art Nouveau with their decorative tendrils of flowers, a style that entered the realm of picturebook illustration as the 19th century drew to a close. Other picturebook artists who were trained at different art schools in Sweden and abroad include Ottilia Adelborg, Maj Bring and Mollie Faustman. In the 1880s and 1890s Adelborg produced about ten picturebooks and can thus be said to be Sweden’s first real picturebook artist. In terms of illustration she drew her inspiration from the French artist Boutet de Monvel and from English illustrators such as Kate Greenaway and Walter Crane. At the same time she had a strong interest in Nordic folk art, which together with her international outlook gave her pictures their distinctive character. Aesthetic upbringing of the child in the foreground At the turn of the century, around 1900, interest in children’s literature was growing and the development of the picturebook was closely linked to the women’s movement, the public education movement and the interest of national romanticism in folklore. The aesthetic upbringing of children became a central concern and the books were not primarily meant to be didactic, but to provide an experience of beauty. In 1897 art historian Carl G. Laurin, who thought that school teaching of the time was putting “emotion, imagination and beauty on a starvation diet”. Under the slogan “art in schools” he worked to ensure that schools were decorated with works of art so that children from all groups in society could have an opportunity to see and experience art. The cultural democracy focus of the period was represented by those including the Swedish feminist author Ellen 8 Key who, with her epoch-making work of 1900, Barnets århundrade (The Century of the Child, 1909), came to have a great influence on the view of children and children’s reading. Her slogan “beauty for all” also included books that were to be placed in the hands of children. Key opposed the moralising and tendentious books of the period, instead emphasising the importance of every child being free to develop at their own pace. She prophetically spoke about the new human who would be shaped by an upbringing essentially different from the authoritarian drilling to which children of the time were subjected. For Key, like many others, it was important for children from all social classes to be able to encounter art and literature even at an early age. To this end, Barnbiblioteket Saga (the Children’s Saga Library) was launched in 1899, publishing classics illustrated by well-known artists in series of pamphlets which sold for just about ten penny each. One of the few picturebooks from this period that, alongside Elsa Beskow’s books, became a perennial classic is Ivar Arosenius’s Kattresan from 1909 (The Cat Journey). In deceptively simple verses and scaled down pictures, it tells the story of Lillan’s expedition out into the world on the back of a cat. Women advance The picturebook artist who has left a huge mark on much of Swedish picturebook publishing in the 20th century is Elsa Beskow. From her debut in 1897 with Sagan om den lilla, lilla gumman (The Tale of the Wee Little Old Woman, 1936) she was productive right up until 1952, the year before she died and in which the picturebook Röda bussen och gröna bilen (Red Bus, Green Car) was published. Some of the most characteristic features of Beskow’s picturebook art are her intimate knowledge of the Nordic landscape and her reassuring depiction of the environment, in which cheerful adventures were mixed with not too terrifying danger. The books’ values elsa beskow From Annika (1941) and social outlook have sometimes faced criticism and during the 1970s there was discussion of the bourgeois ideology and the view of male and female that the books conveyed with a father who is “strong and brave” and a mother who is “gentle and sweet”. We meet parents like this in Tomtebobarnen (Elf Children of the Woods, 1932 new edition Children of the Forest) first published in Swedish in 1910. The assumption that children should be helpful and obedient was long an axiom, and this ideal is also promoted in some of Beskow’s books. The girl Annika in Annika, 1941 helps her mother and is always willing to lend a hand. She mops the floor, lays the table and chases flies away from the family cow, all with the same contentedly happy expression and all shown in realistic true-to-nature pictures. In other 9 books by Beskow the children are given a relatively large amount of freedom. They are enterprising and hard working but also have time for games. In picturebooks and in educational debate at this time we can discern a shift between teachers who emphasise the importance of rules and fixed standards and others who assert the child’s needs to be able to develop in freedom and in line with their own individuality. john bauer From Bland tomtar och troll (1909) 10 At the end of the 19th and start of the 20th century, women, as we have seen, had gained considerable ground as authors and illustrators of children’s books. About 75 per cent of the children’s books in Sweden published for the first time in the last decades of the 19th century were written by women. It is interesting to note that women were in the majority as authors and illustrators of picturebooks. Many of the female picture book artists of the late 19th and early 20th century had trained abroad. Mollie Faustman, who was taught by Matisse, was inspired by the then modern decorative style with large expanses and clear colours. In her picturebook Malins midsommar, 1910 (Malin’s Midsummer) one of the illustrations shows elves dancing in a ring, a composition strikingly similar to that of Matisse’s painting La Danse from the same year. The step out into the public world was made easier if the women chose to focus on children and establish themselves in the children’s book market, where they did not encounter the same amount of male competition. Work that focused on children existed in the borderland between the private and the public spheres. These women kept one foot in the home, the domain considered to be the woman’s rightful place. Illustrating children’s books also became an important source of income for female artists. Male artists at the time include Einar Nerman. Like Faustman he had studied with Matisse and also trained at the school of the artists’ association Konstnärsförbundet. A recognised portrait painter of the day, he also created some picturebooks. His first, in 1911, was Kråkdrömmen (The Crow Dream), a tale about the animals at Stockholm’s open-air museum and zoo Skansen, who liberate themselves from imprisonment, occupy the city and put the humans in cages. Nerman’s satirical depiction can be described as Orwell’s Animal Farm in picturebook form. Another male artist working in the first decades of the 20th century is John Bauer. He studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts from 1900 to 1903 and was a very popular fairytale illustrator until his death in a drowning accident in 1918. The mystery of nature, depicted in his dark, magical forests, moss-encrusted rocks and tall pine trunks characterises his imagery. However, it is perhaps the troll, rough and clumsy, that has become Bauer’s most enduring creation, inspiring a number of other illustrators. The troll, often shown in the foreground, is almost one with the grey stones and knotty branches of the mighty forest. The mystery of nature in John Bauer’s illustrations is reinforced by the figures of princesses bathed in ethereal light, standing out against the gloom of the forest. Bauer mainly created illustrations for the popular Christmas publication Bland tomtar och troll (Among Elves and Trolls), which started to be published in 1907. The ABC – a genre with deep roots Picturebooks can incorporate a number of different genres such as fairytales, everyday stories or depictions of historical events. One of the oldest picturebook genres is the ABC, published in a number of different variants. One example dating back to the 18th century is the ABC in honour of the son of the former Swedish King Gustaf III, the future King Gustav IV Adolf, on his second birthday in 1780. The text was written by Johan Wellander following the pattern of the German philanthropist Christian Felix Weisse, and Jacob Gillberg, professor in drawing at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts, drew the pictures which he also engraved. The rhymes for the different letters aim to highlight the virtue of the future monarch. The 19th century saw the start of the transformation of the ABC from a textbook and a tool for learning to read into entertainment. In Prinsarnes blomsteralfabet, 1892 (The Princes’ Flower Alphabet) Ottilia 11 Adelborg combines children, flowers and letters to create a charming whole. She may have drawn some inspiration from Walter Crane’s Flora’s Feast, 1889 with its elegant flowers. In 1904 artist Arthur Sjögren’s book ABC Djur (Animals) with text by Anna Maria Roos was published. The book had the subtitle, typical of its period, “Picturebook for good children”. Einar Nerman also produced a book in Sjögren’s footsteps, Djur ABC för snälla barn, 1931 (Animal ABC for Good Children). A humorous and playful ABC with text by skilled rhyme-smith Britt G. Hallqvist and pictures by ceramic artist Stig Lindberg came out in 1951. At letter N we read of the nose that “curves downwards or up / often ends with a drip”. The English nonsense tradition, illustrated by expressive and humorous pictures, takes Swedish form in Lennart Hellsing and Poul Ströyer’s ABC from 1961, while Lena Andersson harks back to the tradition of Ottilia Adelborg and Elsa Beskow in Majas alfabet, 1984 (Maja’s Alphabet). Here we find a well-developed feel for nature, plants and trees drawn in gentle pastels. Eva Lundgren’s ABC Magic, Cilla & Baby – ramsor om tjejer, killar och grejer, 2007 (Magic, Cilla & Baby – Rhymes about Girls and Boys and Stuff) questions and highlights the problems with prevailing assumptions about gender. Different types of families are depicted and the letter Q is illustrated by a contemporary rainbow family. Another ABC with a difference is the prize-winning Nina Ulmaja’s A B C å allt om D, 2012 (A B C and all about D). The book offers a fascinating journey into the world of letters, providing lots of information about the history of the alphabet in pictures and text. Social change reflected in the picturebook The development of the picturebook in the 20th century reflects the social changes which took place in society. The 1930s was a decade of unemployment and a new approach in the debate about children’s clown cykel citron el l och cyk itron, cirke c i S L. m O s so och CO C uttala , Camilla n w lo c i K och som coolt! säger den fett co ole som gillar nå t nina ulmaja 12 From A B C å allt om D (2012) inger and lasse sandberg From Lilla Anna och de mystiska fröna (1972) Långa Farbrorn gick till Lilla Annas hus. ”Hej! Här kommer jag med en present till dej. En hel påse full med Överraskningsfrön! Har du några krukor och lite jord så vi kan sätta dom?” ”Jag har många krukor”, sa Anna. ”Kom in en bit så får du se.” 13 conditions. When the Social Democratic Party won the election in 1932 they launched several reforms. Homes started to be built to reduce family overcrowding with a reduction in rent for larger families, and childcare facilities were run by the housing cooperative HSB. The childcare staff were mainly trained at the Social Pedagogical Institute founded by the Swedish politician Alva Myrdal in Stockholm. The new theories of preschool education drew its inspiration from the English education reformer A. S. Neill, and the fundamental idea was that children should be allowed to develop freely and choose their own activities. Picturebooks for younger children have taken on an important role in the range of picture books available since the 1930s. They are often small in format, with minimal text and simple pictures but nevertheless tell a coherent story. The first board books were also launched in the 1930s. Initially these were mainly translations from English, and Sweden had to wait until the 1960s and 1970s before Swedish board books began to be published to any large degree. At that time picturebooks for younger children were published to a greater extent than before, including Inger and Lasse Sandberg’s books about Daniel (Långa farbrorn, editor’s note) and Little Anna, and Gunilla Wolde’s books about Thomas (Totte, editor´s note). These were books designed with an educational purpose in mind, describing children’s daily lives and helping them to understand concepts. More recent picturebook illustrators who are creating books for very young children include Ann Forslind, Anna-Clara Tidholm, Emma Virke and Stina Wirsén. New media The mass production of children’s books first took off in the early 1930s, and this can be seen as a new media situation. At the same time that Walt Disney’s reworking of old fairytales such as Cinderella and Snow White and of classics like Pinocchio and Alice in Wonderland were being shown as films, a number of picturebooks were published about the same characters in Swedish translation. Two pictorial media for children, films and books, thus reinforced each other, with films undoubtedly contributing the picturebooks reaching a wider audience. Towards the end of the Second World War in 1945 the range of children’s books available changed with the emergence of the growing welfare state. Families became central and “the modern project”, as it was known, included several initiatives focused on children including the introduction of Swedish child benefit in 1947. An educational theory of freedom began to gain ground. A desire for rebellion, humour and nonsense became important elements in picturebooks, in terms of text and illustrations. The child’s everyday world, often in an urban environment, took centre stage. In the picturebooks Peter och Kajan på långresa (Hide and Seek Voyage, 1953), first published in Swedish in 1946, and Peter är barnvakt, 1949 (Peter the Babysitter), the cinematographer Erling Gunnar Fischer paints detailed pictures of back yards, blocks of flats and ports. But the idyll lived on and Sweden’s isolation from the rest of Europe during the Second World War created fertile ground for the theme of Swedishness. Several books about the out-air museum and zoo Skansen were published, including På Skansen med Per och Stina, 1943 (At Skansen with Per and Stina) by the prolific Maj Lindman. Here the children not only look at the bears at the zoo but also admire the folk dancers in their national costume. A new approach could be distinguished in children’s books. Authors and artists exhibited solidarity with the child, depicting the world from a child’s perspective. The best-known exponent of the new, free and competent child is Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking, 1950) published for the first time in 1945. She 14 made her voice heard properly, saw through the dishonesty of the adult world and challenged norms and rules. Ingrid Vang Nyman’s illustrations have given us the picture of this resplendent girl with her red plaits sticking out at the sides of her head. In terms of style, Vang Nyman’s illustrations have elements of the naivety and primitivism that characterise several artists of the 1940s. One of the key figures involved in giving Swedish children’s literature a new lease of life is Lennart Hellsing. In his picturebook universe, where Krakel Spektakel and Kusin Vitamin respectively swing and hang from the curtains, freedom prevails. Hellsing has had the ability to collaborate with a number of prominent illustrators such as Fibben Hald, Kerstin Hedeby, Ulrica Hydman-Vallien, Tommy Östmar, Gunna Grähs, Charlotte Ramel and Peter Dahl. He has not only turned to established picturebook illustrators but also sought out artists active in other fields. Unique in this respect is the picturebook Kanaljen in seraljen, 1956 (The Scamp in the Seraglio) in which a number of well-known artists such as Sven Eriksson, Roland Kempe, Stellan Mörner, Endre Nemes and Olle Olsson Hagalund created illustrations for Hellsing’s imaginative rhymes. From the 1950s onwards picturebook publishing expanded considerably. Special series of picturebooks were published, cartoon albums were launched and co-operation with foreign publishers on joint printing became increasingly common. The publication of FIB’s Gyllene Böcker (Golden Books) began in 1950 and 217 titles were published in the series until 1964 with illustrators including Einar Norelius, Kerstin Hedeby and Gustaf Tenggren. Klumpe Dumpe-biblioteket (The Klumpe Dumpe Library), published in 1956–1973, was an initiative by publisher Rabén & Sjögren aimed at producing cheap picture books of high artistic and technical quality, primarily for ingrid vang nyman 15 From Känner du Pippi Långstrump? text by Astrid Lindgren (1947) younger children. Illustrators included Harald Wiberg, Ilon Wikland, Kerstin Thorvall and Kaj Beckman. Many picturebook artists who would work for many more decades made their debut in the 1950s. These include Inga Borg, Ulf Löfgren and Inger and Lasse Sandberg. Tove Jansson also made her debut as a picture book artist in 1952 with Hur gick det sen? Boken om Mymlan, Mumintrollet och Lilla My (The Book About Moomin, Mymble and Little My, 1965). Ideology more important than aesthetics From the closed idyll of the domestic nursery to the open collective in day nurseries and public preschools. This briefly sums up the development of the picturebook during the 20th century, in terms of the books’ content and the environment in which they are set. But the true picture is more subtle and more detailed than that. In the 1960s and 1970s children’s literature was radicalised under the influence of the Left. The debate became more heated, children’s books were politicised with the spotlight more on ideology than aesthetics. Even young children needed to be informed about how the world functioned. Picturebooks were published about environmental destruction, the Vietnam War and about political conflicts in South Africa. The concept of culture was expanded and the climate was open to new ideas and experiments. Protest cultures followed each other and pop art made its breakthrough. The mass media and entertainment culture came to influence the traditional arts and one important aim was to create art and literature in which children and adults could come together. The fashion was for an ideal of “all ages” and there was an increasing interest in children’s literature and children’s lives. Children’s books were discussed in the press and became an subject for research and teaching. The Swedish Institute for Children’s Books opened in 1967, and children’s literature became a subject that could be studied at university. The picturebooks were often realistic depictions of everyday lives, with blocks of flats and broken families as common subjects. The illustration technique changed and picturebook artists were inspired by the art of advertising. Many illustrators came from the world of magazines, and stylistically there were not a great gap between a picturebook illustration and an illustration in a weekly magazine. Picturebook illustrators Monica Schoultz and Kerstin Thorvall had both worked for the weekly press. The image of the child changed, with illustrators such as Eva Eriksson and Gunna Grähs helping to erase the previous archetype of the sweet little child. Their characters unambiguously express their emotions and sometimes have a hint of the grotesque about them. Examples include Eva Eriksson’s stories about Rosalie and Viktor (Bella och Gustav, editor’s note) such as Tandresan eller när Bella tappade en tand (The Tooth Trip, 1985), first published in Swedish in 1979, and Gunna Grähs’ books about Jullan, e.g. Jullan vill vara med, 1982 (Jullan Wants to Come Too). The major social changes of the post-war period also brought greater international awareness and increased democracy. New norms and social behaviour developed. Care of children, the elderly and the sick increasingly shifted from the home to institutions. The first depiction of a preschool is found in Siv Widerberg and Kaj Beckman’s Gertrud på daghem, 1966 (Gertrud at Preschool). The book can be seen as reportage for young children in the form of a picturebook. It highlights the positive things about going to preschool, entirely in tune with the prevailing ideology of the time. The children learn from the preschool community and a day at home ill with mummy is “really boring” in Gertrud’s view. The conflicts and difficulties that everyday life at preschool also involved were not addressed in 16 picturebooks until the 1970s. In the 1980s Siv Widerberg and Cecilia Torudd’s books about the preschool Rödmyran (the first was published in 1981) provide scope for children’s aggression and anger. Fights and arguments are shown in pictures and in text. Flickan som inte ville gå till dagis, 1986 (The Girl Who Didn’t Want to go to Preschool) by Widerberg and Torudd is an illustrative title in this context. New images of women and new parenting In the 1960s women’s liberation was discussed, as were unequal relations between men and women. The debate also continued in the picturebooks, such as Mamman och pappan som gjorde arbetsbyte, 1970 (The Mum and Dad who Swapped Jobs) by Sonja Åkesson and Monica Schoultz. “A fun book to talk seriously about”, thought the reviewer in the swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter. New family patterns and new roles for men and women were made clear in picturebooks. Divorced parents became increasingly common, in reality and in picturebooks. A single mother and her life with her daughter is depicted in Kerstin Thorvall and Monica Schoultz’ picture books Sara, 1975 and Mer om Sara, 1977 (More about Sara). And in her popular books about Alfie Atkins (Alfons Åberg, editor’s note), first published in 1972, Gunilla Bergström tells stories about a boy and his single father. Daddy Atkins stood for a new male role – the hands-on, caring dad mostly seen in the kitchen, cooking, doing laundry, reading stories and putting his son to bed. A prominent tendency in the picture books of recent decades is that parents are less authoritative and depicted as individuals with their own problems and difficulties. One example is Barbro Lindgren and Eva Eriksson’s books about the wild baby (the first was published in 1981). The wild baby is an energetic and obstreperous child who almost wears its mother out. The portrait of the mother is innovative on a psychological level. She is no stereo- typical mother figure, but very much a person in her own right. She carries out her domestic duties and plays an attentive role in the baby’s games, but at the same time is an independent individual with her own dream world and her own identity separate from her role of mother. Several picturebooks provide samples of a more aesthetic focus and an expanded concept of realism. These include Anna Höglund’s poetically expressive picturebooks which can be interpreted on several levels. Her women and mother characters are interesting from the point of view of gender. Resor jag aldrig har gjort av Syborg Stenstump, 1992 (Journeys I Have Never Made by Syborg Stenstump) depicts a single woman in a tough financial situation. But in her dreams and imagination she can assert herself and develop strength and initiative. Women’s lives are also the theme of Höglund’s books about the two teddy bears Mina and Kåge, which was first published in 1995. In condensed form, as if in a chamber play, powerful emotions and timeless relationship patterns between women and men are depicted with great drama. The unit of the action and the space is strictly observed in the stories built up scenically, which show how women’s search for identity and femininity as a social construction can be delineated in picturebook form. This might be seen as far from the world of the child, but fear of separation, of being alone and abandoned, is something that affects children and adults, whatever their sex. Children of today seem to be liberating themselves from childhood and taking on adult behaviour at an increasingly early age. Childishness and youth is extending into adult life and the adult world is seeping down into childhood. Children in general ask more questions and are more aware of their rights and their role in the family is different from in the past. One trend is that many children today are forced to become competent and take on adult responsibility at an early age. In their picturebooks packed with symbolism, Anna-Clara and Thomas Tidholm highlight the tension between the reality of the adult and the child, starting with Resan till Ugri-La-Brek, 1987 (The Journey to Ugri-La-Brek) which attracted a great deal of attention. Snälla barn, 2007 (Good Children) depicts complicated family relationships and the family’s constant battle to juggle work, children and marriage. The threat of marital breakdown and a father’s icy loneliness are shown from the naive perspective of a little sister. In this family it is the children who provide the strength and console the adults. The book’s title “Good children” has a double meaning. In what way are the children good? In silently accepting the capriciousness and uncertainty of the adult world? The questions are not answered, but are present under the surface. Does a protected and sheltered land of childhood exist anymore? Greater awareness of pictures as a medium In recent decades the picturebook has become more multifaceted and advanced in terms of form, often with a “double” audience, also incorporating the adult. Greater attention is being paid to the picture as a narrative medium, and the interaction between text and illustration is in more depth than before. The debate emphasises the similarities between the picturebook and other media such as music, opera, theatre, video and cartoons. The cartoon form and the collage technique are used by Jockum Nordström in his books about Sailor and Pekka. The first of these was published in 1993. Nordström, who works in a naive absurd style, poses his characters in a grotesque, exaggerated manners a reminiscent of children’s drawings. The minimal text is almost entirely in simple sentences and much of the story is conveyed by the pictures. There are no children in Nordström’s books. Instead the main characters are a sailor and a dog. Eva Lindström’s complex picturebooks also erase all kinds of boundaries, between children and adults, humans and animals, 17 imagination and reality. However the books revolve around the same themes: loneliness, waiting and everyday magic. One of the most flourishing elements in Swedish picturebooks is the depiction of children of today, how and where they live. With a realism firmly rooted in the everyday life, the Swedish picturebook stands out from the majority of picturebooks in other European countries. A more psychologically focused realism has developed and the social realism of earlier decades has been toned down. Social criticism is instead conveyed with the help of humour and farce that might be explained by the fact that several picturebook artists such as Gunna Grähs and Cecilia Torudd have a background in the cartooning tradition. A strong sense for nature gives Swedish picturebooks their distinctive stamp, particularly internationally. Here a line can be drawn from The National Romantic movement and Elsa Beskow’s picturebooks of the early 20th century with their idyllic evocations of fields, forests and meadows, to Lena Andersson’s picturebooks with their careful studies of flowers, trees and fruit. Sven Nordqvist’s books about the old man Pettson and his cat Findus also fit into this tradition. The books about Pettson are also examples of the picturebook as a way of depicting the folk tradition and rural life. With a streak of magic realism and nostalgia they also show how life in the Swedish countryside used to be, with red cottages, fields and meadows and the deep green of the forest in the background. The back to the land movement developed amid The National romantic movement of the late 19th and early 20th century saw a resurgence in the 1970s. At that time, however, enthusiasm for folk culture developed on the Left or in alternative movements such as the women’s movement and the environmental movement, not, as in the early 20th century, among the bourgeoisie. People were looking for their roots and drawing on their own reality and their own history. Ann-Madeleine Gelotte published a trilogy about her own childhood and that of her mother and her grandmother. In Ida Maria från Arfliden, 1977 (Ida Maria from Arfliden), Tyra i 10:an på Odengatan, 1981 (Tyra at number 10 Odengatan) and Vi bodde i Helenelund, 1983 (We Lived in Helenelund) we explore the childhood environments of three generations of women in detailed pictures and realistic descriptions. The titles of the books alone convey the history of the home. The gender debate in picturebooks In the early 21st century a gender debate took place in the Swedish media about the depiction of boys and girls in picturebooks. Boys dominated as the main character in numerical terms, and were often depicted as tough and mischievous, while the girls were good and obedient. This was also the case when the main characters were animals made human, as is often the case in picture books. Barbro Lindgren (text) and Olof Landström (illustrations) show the adventures of a little boy pig in Nämen Benny, 1998 (Benny’s Had Enough, 1999) and its sequels, while Eva Eriksson tells the story of a girl pig in the picturebooks Malla handlar, 1998 (Molly Goes Shopping, 2005) and Molly cyklar, 2003 (A Crash Course for Molly, 2005). These humorous books show a very traditional gender pattern. The pigs are in no way gender neutral. Despite the fact that the structure of the books is similar, involving a journey out into the world, followed by a safe return home, the behaviour of the little pigs differs depending on their sex. Benny leaves his home angry, he is in revolt against parental power, acts on his own authority and serves as an example of male independence. He is a rebellious individualist with a dawning male urge to explore the world. Molly, on the other hand is focused on relationships, wants to do as she is told and is an obedient helpmate to her mother, who is constantly a protective figure in the background as Molly goes to the shop by herself. When it all goes wrong she is consoled on her grandma’s reassuring knee and there is unbroken eye contact between the two of them. Benny is independent in a completely different way, and his mother has not even noticed that he has gone out alone. He has a considerably larger radius for action than Molly, who moves in an intimate zone, in the private sphere. The choice of colours in the books can also be studied from a gender perspective. Landström uses clear and distinct colours throughout. The sharp red colours emphasise Benny’s rebellious nature, while Eva Eriksson works in a colour scale of gentle yellows and greens, drawing her backdrops and figures with curving soft lines and shapes. Considering that it is mainly women who are children’s book illustrators, this might be seen as surprising. However, the traditional pattern of male behaviour seems to be increasingly questioned in the world of picturebooks. Strong, determined girls appear here alongside boys who are both insecure and anxious. Many female picture book creators link their works to the gender debate. Pija Lindenbaum in Gittan och gråvargarna, 2000 (Bridget and the Grey Wolves, 2008) shows how the scared and not particularly brave Bridget gets lost in the forest and wins safety and self-confidence by means of games and her imagination. Her encounter with the grey wolves can be read in the light of the story of Red Riding Hood. In Lindenbaum’s Kenta och Barbisarna, 2007 (Kenta and the Barbies) the story is about a boy who plays football and also likes playing with Barbie dolls. In 2002 Eva Bergström and Annika Samuelsson published the first book in a series about the little girl cat Snurran, Snurran och den osande abborren (Snurran and the Smelly Perch). Snurran is a girl cat with attitude. No shrinking violet, 18 pija lindenbaum 19 From Kenta och Barbisarna (2007) bettina johansson 20 From Kivi och monsterhund (2012) she makes her voice heard and is furious when she doesn’t get her own way. A girl cat who so ruthlessly asserts herself and stands her ground aroused irritation by some critics who found it inappropriate that Snurran is never told off for being feisty and stroppy. One wonders whether the same criticism would be received if the books had been about a male cat. Kivi och monsterhund, 2012 (Kivi and Monster Dog) by Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson introduced the swedish gender neutral pronoun “hen” in a children’s book for the first time. Kivi’s sex is unclear all the way through the book, which means that both boys and girls can identify with Kivi. The book aroused a great deal of debate and was both praised and condemned. world. Books can build bridges between children, helping them see that there are more similarities between countries and people than there are differences. Hazard’s belief in the humanising effect of children’s books has a bearing particularly in today’s globalised and multicultural world. The picturebook can play a major role in children’s cultural socialisation and give them an understanding that culture today can best be described as one of many voices. Picturebooks bring with them important cultural heritage, well worth passing on to future generations. Lena Kåreland Professor, Uppsala University The gender perspective is undoubtedly addressed far more than the diversity perspective. Even though diversity is represented the main and secondary characters are primarely white and middle-class. However, many children’s book illustrators appear to be seeking to meet the demands of equality and diversity. It is also interesting to note that if the picturebook of the late 19th and early 20th century was to be Swedish and national, today we are keen to highlight a multicultural Sweden. This overview has shown that Swedish children’s picturebooks of today are not only for children. In their complexity, in terms of pictures and text, they can be read at an advanced age. Many picturebooks can simply be described as books for all ages. It is by no means a bad thing if an encounter with a picturebook is of central importance for young children as well as older ones. Pictures affect often more than the text does. Pictures are also an international language capable of crossing national boundaries without difficulty. The Frenchman Paul Hazard stated in Books, Children and Men, 1932 that children’s books can give children access to a world of the imagination that everyone shares. The universal republic of childhood includes all the children of the 21 The Jury’s Work andreas berg In the world of Swedish publishing, three genres stand out: cookery books, crime fiction and child-ren’s books. In a way, that can be seen as a reflection of modern Sweden. And of those, it’s the publication of children’s books that instils the greatest optimism. According to the Swedish Institute for Children’s Books 1 747 books for children and young adults were published in Sweden in 2011 (the statistics available at the point of writing), 674 of which were picturebooks. These figures must be seen in proportion to Sweden’s population of approximately 9 million. Many of the titles are books in translation, but over half of the picturebooks are original Swedish publications. A rough estimate shows that in the region of 5 000 Swedish picturebooks were published in the last 20 years alone. Gaining an overview of the genre as a whole is an almost impossible task, which explains why the Swedish Arts Council chose to put together such a large jury, comprising academics, publishers and illustrators to choose which illustrators should represent Sweden in Bologna. We met for the first time on the leap day (29 February) 2012. There were to be a large number of meetings and long debates ahead of us before we finalised our list of Swedish illustrators at the end of September. The result of the jury’s work was announced on 20 November 2012. I think everyone in the jury was happy with the final list. Picturebooks is a sensitive product. Sales seem to be unusually affected by political decisions, the economy and the birth rate. The high points in Swedish publishing in historical terms can be placed in direct relation to the population curve – in Sweden a large number of children has always meant a good market – but political decisions can also be seen as having a direct impact. VAT, for example, which affects the price, is an important factor. In general terms it is easy to understand that sales of picturebooks go up when confidence in the future is high. In other words, when times are good. It must be said that Swedes have been exceptionally fortunate in this respect with a high quality children’s book production, throughout the 20th century and on into the 21st. All good picturebooks have two things in common: a good story and good pictures, but without publishers willing to take risks there would be no books. Often it is the publishers who bring authors and illustrators together. The financial crisis that struck Sweden in the early 1990s hit publishers hard, causing them to be more cautious. The jury’s choices reflect the way the number of authors being published for the first time fell in at that time, before remaining at a low plateau for a number of years. But times are changing and a number of new publishers have recently emerged, revitalising the market. Almost a third of the illustrators representing Sweden in Bologna were born in the 1980s. The number of publishers bodes well for the future. This indicates that we are at the dawn of a golden age for Swedish picture books, which makes our invitation to Bologna particularly honourable. 22 But is it art? Initially, as members of the jury we had to set firm boundaries and draw up relevant criteria. The decision that the selection would focus on printed books at least meant that the inclusion of new media was not up for debate. The selection had to be made on artistic grounds. In these days it is not so easy to define what constitutes art, but we did eventually reach consensus. The first thing the jury managed to agree on was a motto for our work: “A child perspective”, a highly idealised view of children that can be summarised as follows: “All children are fundamentally of equal worth and are equally good – the differences are due to circumstances”. Theses ideas where formed in the late 19th century by writers including Ellen Key, and echoes through the history of the Swedish picturebook. Its power is largely due to the influence educationalists and teachers had on the development of the picturebook. The ability of education experts to persuade good writers, such as Selma Lagerlöf and August Strindberg, to write for children was also crucial. Children’s books have a unique position in Swedish society. These are the only books that we can assume a lot of Swedes have read and which can be used as references in almost any context. Almost everyone knows who Selma Lagerlöf´s Nils Holgersson (The Wonderful Adventures of Nils) and Ivar Arosenius’s Lillan (The Cat Journey), Elsa Beskow’s Tomtebobarnen (The Children of the Forest), Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking) and Emil are, and many read about Barbro Lindgren’s Loranga, Mazarin and Dartan- jang. These are a set of independent literary figures in stories about disobedient, but also good-hearted and loyal, children in secure and insecure family constellations. It is through them that we understand ourselves and each other. Children’s books, their illustrations and their illustrators have shaped the Swedish outlook on children and children’s needs. The power of visual language After having agreed on “A child perspective” as the starting point of our work, we moved on to the nomination procedure, a process which was allowed to take its time. We talked about specific works for every name added to the list – which grew longer and longer. Finally we had more than 80 names, which says something about the quality and width of Swedish illustrators overall. Our discussions included comics and titles that can be seen as art in their own right. From an early stage, we excluded chapter books, instead placing a premium on story-telling through pictures. This means that we chose not to include pure teaching materials, a genre which, it is true, has proud traditions in Sweden and employs many illustrators. I believe that we are all prepared to subscribe to Lennart Hellsing’s statement: “All educational art is bad art, but all good art is educational”. We talked about the clear dominance of women in the field and agreed that we should confine ourselves to the situation as it stands today. The shortlist does not reflect an average of the Swedish population in terms of gender or ethnicity. The jury discussed how to deal with this situation and decided that our task was not a political one. To make a change, several agents, among others the publishers and the educational institutions, must work for change, preferably supported by political decisions. We also discussed Swedish citizens working abroad and foreign citizens working in Sweden – we excluded the former from the list but kept the latter. The 31 illustrators selected to represent Sweden in Bologna 2013 live and work in Sweden. We have chosen illustrators who have published important works in the past twenty years and who are still active. We can ask ourselves whether it is meaningful to talk about Swedish illustration today, when all pictures are stored electronically and quickly can be transported world wide at the touch of a mouse. Personally I’m convinced that it is. The way we read pictures is intimately connected to the way we understand language. Every language incorporates metaphors and their meaning is always changing. At different periods in its history Swedish has absorbed loan words from German, French and English – in line with the fashion at the time – and Swedish as spoken on the streets naturally incorporates borrowings from Romani, for example, with more words increasingly coming in from languages that immigrants have brought with them from Africa and Asia. It is said that there are 6 500 independent languages in the world. According to the UN there are about 300 countries. Almost all states (with the exception of small island nations) have several languages within 23 their borders. For example, a significant minority of the population of Finland have Swedish as their mother tongue and Finnish, Yiddish, Meänkieli, Romani and Sami all have the status of national minority languages in Sweden. Where the population is stationary, the language is local. The spoken and written language is affected by climate, religion, history, culture and tradition, and so is the language of pictures. There is no universal visual language, whatever the global market players would have us believe. While it may make things more complicated for large companies, we, the readers, have no cause to complain about variety. For us, the opposite – a uniform market – is a greater threat to a diverse children’s literature. Visual languages develop in parallel with spoken and written languages, and in exactly the same way, in the way they are used. A language used by many people is more dynamic and contains wider variation than a small language used only by a few. The only language that doesn’t change is a dead language. Andreas Berg Illustrator, lecturer and writer 24 Contemporary Swedish Illustrators presented by annika gunnarsson, curator moderna museet stockholm 25 Emma Adbåge Emma Adbåge (born 1982) studied comic-strip drawing and illustration in Hofors, Sweden. She is a book illustrator and author who illustrates both her own and other authors’ texts, as well as working on commissions for clients such as educational and comic books publishers and newspapers. In 2011, Emma Adbåge recieved the Silver Award in the Association of Swedish Illustrators and Graphic Designers’ competition Kolla! for Leni är ett sockerhjärta, 2010 (Leni is a Sweetheart) in the category “Illustration: Books”. That same year she also received the Sven Rydén Prize. Website: www.emmaadbage.com Photo: Richard Gustafsson Sven’s day starts and ends with potatoes in Emma Adbåge’s picturebook Sven käkar mat, 2012 (Sven is Hungry), which takes Sven to various places where there are things to eat. The story opens with Sven sitting on an orange chair at one of the school canteen’s pale green tables. The setting is unmistakeable and wonderfully caricatured. At arm’s length from the apparently rather unamused Sven lies four big yellow potatoes on a plate. No, he’d rather eat sweets from the shop than potatoes. Some older girls take his liquorice shoelace, but they fall victim to a bird that steals the shoelace and flies off. The smile on the ice-cream figure is a silent comment on what goes unsaid. And this type of wonderfully disarming interjection recurs throughout the tale. Just like Sven, Leni is a child who is not amused by things that she dislikes from the start. Naturally, Leni experiences a deeply jealous rivalry when Olle plays with Kiran, the girl next-door, in Lenis Olle, 2012 (Leni’s Olle). With a range of facial expressions that would make a stand-up comedian green with envy, Leni moves from expectation to restrained irritation and frustration via disgusted delight, when all three end up playing with the slime and sticky toy that Leni has brought along. Leni, Olle and Kiran find each other in the final picture, where they sit huddled together on the sofa under the classic designer shelf. Emma Adbåge’s two picturebooks above are characterised by a finely attuned eye for detail that informs both the scenography and the general design. The decor can, to some extent, be seen as a lifestyle statement, but it also shows a stylistic confidence when it comes to graphic depictions. The Swedish designer Gunilla Axén’s clouds, coupled with a wide range of other patterns, are a clear sign of a designed environment, where items such as lamps, textiles and furniture indicate a form of contemporary reflection. The mix of references and the high degree of detail together make an interesting distillation of contemporary life. 26 emma Adbåge 27 From Lenis Olle (2012) 28 29 emma Adbåge From Sven käkar mat (2012) Lisen Adbåge Lisen Adbåge (born 1982) is an illustrator, cartoonist and author. Her work as an illustrator includes milk packaging, children’s books and teaching materials. In 2004 she received the Children’s Book Jury Prize for best children’s book in the age 0-6 category for Kan Man..?, 2004 (Can You?), written by Petter Lidbeck. Website: www.lisenadbage.com Photo: Gustaf Gustafsson Lisen Adbåge’s images are packed with shape, colour and humour. She works in a liberating way with patterns, references and stencils, with stylised leaves, bold lines symbolising a loud noise, or a chequered floor in red and white. There is also the classic forest, usually so dark and impenetrable, which in Lisen Adbåge’s world offers light and space between the mighty trees. The visuals are bursting with colour, as a bold orange sky heavy with black rain clouds is set against a red brick facade. Lisen Adbåge’s figures are tenderly raw. Two eccentric characters are Kurt and Kio, each of whom have sausage-like hats – Kurt on the vertical and Kio horizontal. In the book Kurt och Kio vill ha koja, 2011 (Kurt and Kio Want a Cabin) they try out different spaces that they hope will give that real feel of a den. Before they find the right spot at home on the balcony, they try places that both they and the reader see as hardly playful. In an abandoned car in the forest or under the stairs in an apartment block it is neither cosy nor comfortable, and it is also dark, so dark that they can’t see each other. However, the reader can see Kurt’s thoughtful, and Kio’s angry eyes, in the black triangle that marks out the space under the stairs, where they both sit and feel their way around. In the book Stor-Emma, 2011 (Big-Emma) Lisen Adbåge uses a more contemporary colour palette, with strongly coloured contours, to tell the story of what it is like to have to go with your family to a dinner where the hosts’ daughter is older, bigger and mean. Naturally, it is exciting to curl up in BigEmma’s bunk bed and listen to music from Big-Emma’s ghetto blaster, but it is both scary and unpleasant to be locked in with that loud noise – if nobody notices that you are gone. One horse after another disappears in Grethe Rottböll’s counting story Tio vilda hästar, 2011 (Ten Wild Horses) illustrated by Lisen Adbåge. In a pale landscape made up of pink mountains, blue lakes and mint-green land, the frisky horses gallop around, apparently unmoved by the disappearance of their friends. Until it comes to being the only one left. 30 Lisen Adbåge 31 From Kurt och Kio vill ha koja (2010) 32 Lisen Adbåge From Stor-Emma (2011) Lisen Adbåge 33 From Tio vilda hästar (2011) Siri Ahmed Backström Siri Ahmed Backström (born 1980) graduated from Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm in 2011 with a Master’s degree in Storytelling (Graphic Design and Illustration). Her degree project comprised five self-published picture books, two of which have since found publishers. Godnatt (Good night), a pictorial story without text, was published in 2012 and Jag ska försöka beskriva dig precis så fin som du är (I Will Try To Describe You Just As Precious As You Are) in 2011/2013. Siri also runs the experimental picturebook project “Våra Vänner” (Our Friends) together with Karin Cyrén. Website: www.siriahmedbackstrom.com It starts with a black line that bends like a hook over the edge of the page. This is a “noseish nose”, says the text in blue. And this simplicity continues in Siri Ahmed Backström’s sublime picturebook Jag ska försöka beskriva dig precis så fin som du är, 2011/2013 (I Will Try to Describe You Just as Precious as You Are). The story sensitively depicts the perception of a child’s outer and inner space. It is a highly soulful portrayal, full of emotions and brought to life by the sensuous line that has managed to capture the child’s whole torso by the time it reaches the centrefold. On the back cover, the torso is drawn from behind. In the power of its simplicity, the language itself can evoke images. The invented adjectival forms of the nouns, such as headish and skinish, underline the sense of the corporeal, expressed as a “bodyish, bodyish body” in the text. It can seem simplistic, playing with the idea of a child’s linguistic development, but in Siri Ahmed Backström’s hands images and text express how difficult it is to explain something as challenging as the feelings of a child. In the last picture in the book, the child is lifted up with two hands. From the body language and the facial expression of the child, it appears to tickle just enough to prompt a reproachful laugh from the pit of the stomach. But readers have to form that picture in their own mind. The picturebook contains an almost imperceptible movement in the child’s eyes. First they are closed. Then they look to the right, to the left, and back to the right again. And then they look straight up. Next, a pink cloud floats over the child’s head, which is cut so that only the very top can be seen. The cloud is a manifestation of the child’s dreams and courage, and is turned into a pink balloon on the next page. Graphically, the whole thing is clean and unforced. With only four colours – black, white, blue and pink – something magnificent is created. In this finely crafted story, it is just as much what is not in the pictures and text that makes up the description of how precious someone is. 34 35 36 siri ahmed backström 37 This and previous spread: From Jag ska försöka beskriva dig precis så fin som du är (2011/2013) Anna Bengtsson Anna Bengtsson (born 1951) is an illustrator, graphic designer, author and member of the Swedish Academy for Children’s Books. She trained at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design ) in Stockholm. Illustration is her main focus, but since 1986 she has also worked with text and in 2008 she debuted with her novel Du ska vara spännande och varm (You Should Be Someone Exciting and Warm). She has also made an animated film of her picturebook Bollongexpeditionen, 2003 (The Bolloon Expedition). In 1994 Anna Bengtsson received the Elsa Beskow Plaque and in 2008 she was on the IBBY Honour List for Det kittlar när löven kommer, 2006 (It Tickles When the Leaves Come Through). Website: www.annabengtsson.se Photo: Ulla Montan In the winter, when the streetlights shine, the sky has the colour of a dark, pinkish red. And to reach that colour, it may well have passed through the misty grey-blue of the afternoon or the saturated ultramarine of the evening. In her picturebook En hög med snö, 2012 (A Pile of Snow), Anna Bengtsson stylishly reproduces the many colours of winter, as well as the shifting shades and character of snow. Even the very feel of snow is portrayed with great sensuousness. A snow-clad town is subdued and intimate, almost soft and warm in all its chilliness. And by the time a big yellow digger lifts a whole scoop of snow up to the sky, the snowflakes gently floating to the ground on the cover have become a compact and heavy mass that later on melts in slushy rivulets as spring arrives. As the seasons go through a costume change, the town and the countryside are clothed in a range of outfits. Det kittlar när löven kommer, 2006 (It Tickles When the Leaves Come Through) is a story told from the point of view of a tall 305 year-old oak. Daily life goes on beneath and around it: a trip out for some children, two people on a park bench, a girl with a headscarf and her little brother, and a dad camping with his daughter. All the while, the wind and weather change the appearance of the oak and what goes on around it over the cycle of a year. All these little side stories carry on in the background. Some are mentioned in the text, while others are simply there in the picture. The story develops in a similar way for the girl Stella in Ny frisyr, 2011 (New Hairstyle). Stella has a hair collection. Here the side stories are more of a quick visual insert, imparting interesting information for the reader. When big brother Elton, who is a hairdresser like his mother, wonders where the red hairbrush has gone, the alert reader knows that the dog Pudde walked off with it a long time ago. Pudde’s groomed coat serves as inspiration for the regular customer Ellen Wadström’s hairstyle, as she always wants something new whenever she comes to the salon. And then there is grandma, whose pretend haircut turns into a real one. She looks just as angry afterwards as her granddaughter did at the thought of having her hair cut. But once it’s done, the girl is beaming with happiness. In Anna Bengtsson’s books, everything is in full colour, wonderfully opaque, clear and strong and in delightful combinations, which makes the stories shine. The phrase “a picture paints a thousand words” takes on an extra dimension in Anna Bengtsson’s picturebooks. 38 anna bengtsson 39 From En hög med snö (2012) anna bengtsson From Ny frisyr (2011) 40 41 Ida Björs Ida Björs (born 1973) graduated from Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design ) in 1999 with a Master of Fine Arts in Graphic Design and Illustration. Since then she has been working as a freelance illustrator and produced art exhibitions, containing paintings, folk costumes and knitted objects. As an illustrator, she has collaborated with various newspapers and magazines, and on a number of book projects. Ida Björs was awarded a working grant from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee 2008–2009. Website: www.idabjorssuperillustration.se Photo: Alex Pacheco Den elektriska pojken från Arbrå, 2005 (The Electric Boy from Arbrå), with text by Victoria Hammar, is based on a documented real-life story about Zander Nord, known as “the electric boy”. On the pale blue cover stands a boy with his hands clasped in front of him, wearing a black suit, white shirt and tie. Around him glows an orange aura. Zander was able to light himself up and was also called “the boy with the mystical powers”. It was said that, through the power of thought, he triggered phenomena that went against the laws of nature. Some thought it was linked with the newfangled electricity that was installed in homes around this time. The settings in which the action takes place transport the reader straight back into the early 20th century, when floors were laid with wide boards, beds had heavy frames, tables had turned legs and wallpaper bore large patterns. On the flyleaf and endpaper, a magnificent forest unfolds – a reference to Hälsingland, the province that Zander Nord was born in. Tall spruces surround Zander as, like the trees, he sways in the wind that blows through him in the opening of the book. He discovers that he is different one night in the dark. In a blue striped nightshirt, he stands in the middle of the room, looking at his glowing foot. He stands between an old woman, sleeping in a rocking chair, and an old man sleeping in a bed. In real life, Zander lived with his grandparents at “the haunted farm” as it was known locally. It is well documented that Zander had his supernatural powers studied. And just like in the picturebook, he was put on show. Zander stands on a green table, in the same suit as on the cover, looking awkward and embarrassed. Next to him stands the old man, loudly proclaiming what the audience is looking at – a young boy with supernatural powers. The depiction of the people and the settings is lovingly detailed. Ida Björs combines the supernatural with the realistic through her delicate artistry, and paints a hopeful picture of Zander, who at the end of the story hovers above a spruce, among pink clouds and graceful garlands of flowers. 42 ida björs 43 From Den elektriska pojken från Arbrå (2005) ida björs This and previous spread: From Den elektriska pojken från Arbrå (2005) 44 45 Karin Cyrén Karin Cyrén (born 1984) gained a Master’s degree in Storytelling (Graphic Design and Illustration) from Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design ), Stockholm in 2011. She was also an exchange student at Tohoku University of Art and Design, Yamagata, Japan in 2008–2009. She has illustrated the picturebooks Maraton, 2009 (Marathon), for which she received the Gold Award in the Association of Swedish Illustrators and Graphic Designers’ competition Kolla! in 2010, and Paraplyresan, 2011 (The Umbrella Trip), text by Håkan Jaensson and the young adult book Den nya flickan, 2012 (The New Girl), text by Kristian Fredén. She runs the experimental picturebook project “Våra Vänner” (Our Friends) together with Siri Ahmed Backström. She is currently working in Stockholm on a new book and exhibition projects. Website: www.karincyren.com Photo: Viet Cuong Truong Like Hans Christian Andersen’s steadfast tin soldier, Kim sails away in an umbrella in Paraplyresan, 2011 (The Umbrella Trip), with text by Håkan Jaensson. This is a story on the theme of the grand odyssey. Kim journeys around the world, from the cascade of water flowing out of the drainpipe into forest streams and jungle rivers, across stormy seas, through a stinking drain full of rats and straight up in the air using the umbrella as a parachute – before finally walking home from the bakery, holding her mother’s hand. It is a rich and colourful adventure, with the images relating details such as the dog tied to the drainpipe, which becomes a giant hound with its tongue dangling from its mouth, as tiny Kim sails away on the torrent of water. Then the dog is small again, sitting on its hind legs and waving its front paws in the air. When Kim is big, riding the umbrella after cars, whose drivers stare in amazement when they see Kim’s mode of transport. On the final page, the rain is soaking the dog. It watches as Kim and her mother walk away. And as for who owns the dog – we never find out. The images form a suite of pictures, while other events unfold between the individual pages. In the jungle there are wild animals, all of which stare greedily at Kim, who feels just as hungry as she thinks the animals look. Kim also changes size. In the stormy seas, she becomes small and is carried into the depths of the water, right under the foaming peak of a wave. The sea contains transparent jellyfish, red corals, starfish, a fierce fish and an opening that leads into the sewer, where the plump, red-eyed and savage rats live. Just before Kim lands back in the gutter, she sails past a number of buildings in yellow and black spewing out grey smoke, and a damp cigarette floating in the water. Her mother’s big yellow boots then bring the story back to reality. These shifts between large and small – exactly the way the world is, and how it can feel when you’re standing waiting for a bun outside the bakery in the rain – are beautifully executed, simple but full of feeling. 46 47 karin Cyrén 48 This and previous spread: From Paraplyresan (2011) 49 Clara Dackenberg Clara Dackenberg (born 1987) is studying at Högskolan för design och konsthantverk (School of Design and Crafts) in Gothenburg, on the Design programme. Her work is founded in a conceptual visual language, bringing together text, letters, images, patterns and materials. Nu eller kanske Mu – en kärlekshistoria, 2010 (Nu or Maybe Mu – A Love Story) marked Clara Dackenberg’s debut as a children’s book illustrator. Photo: Johan Gardfors Nu and Mu are the same – or are they? Two monkey-like figures in candy striped trousers and horizontally striped jumpers get lost in each other and suddenly don’t know who is who. Nu eller kanske Mu – en kärlekshistoria, 2010 (Nu or Maybe Mu – A Love Story), with text by Johan Gardfors, is a subtle story about a You and an I who are inextricably united as a (who are) We. The picturebook opens with an extract from Swedish poet Werner Aspenström’s “You and I and the World” from the poetry collection Trappan, 1964. It sets a subtle, but clear tone for the elegant and slightly surreal story that follows. In her pictures, Clara Dackenberg lets watercolour pigment soak into the paper, spreading in splashes and stains to create a dense yet airy space. She draws with a black pen and cuts out patterned paper, making both a delicate and a strong impression. The mix of pale, light colours and deep, dark shades flows through the story, as does the beat of love, making certain images shine from within. Under a coral pink umbrella stand Mu and Nu on marine blue land against a velvety black sky. Behind them, like intricate marquetry, lie different patterns of colour that form a stylised tree. Another decorative addition is the dragonfly and the striped caterpillars that have been placed like a circle around Mu and Nu. And even though Mu and Nu appear so similar, they have completely different features. Nor are they sick with love, perhaps more filled with the very distinctive feeling that love can bring. But they still go to the doctor, a monkey doctor who, in a historically fascinating way, combines a range of images of the doctor and the medicine man’s healing abilities. Around the doctor – wearing a white coat and round spectacles, a sign of learning and cleverness – are all sorts of medically related accessories, such as a mortar, pipette, hemostat, jug, funnel and magnifying glass, but there is also a feather, pincers and a reel of cotton. Not surprisingly, the doctor’s vague prescription is little help. Is there a cure for love? A gentle kiss at the end, so quiet that it might just be heard if the reader places an ear to the book, marks the start of the continuation of this ethereal tale. 50 51 52 clara dackenberg 53 This and previous spread: From Nu eller kanske Mu – en kärlekshistoria (2010) Helena Davidsson Neppelberg Helena Davidsson Neppelberg (born 1963) trained in Graphic Design and Illustration at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) 1988–1992. She works as an illustrator for magazines and publishing houses, illustrating both her own and other authors’ books, including those of her sister, Cecilia Davidsson. Helena Davidsson Neppelberg has been awarded working grants from both the Swedish Authors’ Fund and the Swedish Arts Grants Committee, and in 2002 received the Stora Svenska Illustratörspriset, a Swedish award for illustrators. Website: www.davidsson-neppelberg.se Photo: Fredrik Neppelberg Mammas lilla Olle, 2008 (Mum’s Little Olle), with text by Cecilia Davidsson, is a reworking of the song Mors lilla Olle by Alice Tegnér. In Helena Davidsson Neppelberg’s version, the content is embellished one level with dramatic images whose graphic simplicity creates a sharp contrast. The colour palette is clear and strong, based as it is around black and primary colours. Olle’s face, however, shines like a white dot, both on the cover and in the vivid red spruce forest and at home in bed as he sleeps the night away. The face draws attention and keeps the focus trained on Olle, who also meets a big brown bear in the forest, just like in the song. But here it is not Olle’s lips that are blue from the berries. It is the bear’s tongue, which is a marvellous blueberry blue. Even scarier is the picturebook Kom in om du vågar!, 2010 (Come in if You Dare). It contains all the ingredients of a good horror story: full moon, spider webs, frogs and a skeleton. It also includes wonderfully humorous grossness like “Kiss the frog!”: The frog lies relaxing on its back in a cup of water. Its broad grin and laid-back pose, with front legs like arms resting over the edge of the cup, make it look more like a playboy than an enchanted prince. And Kalle’s sickly green soup, who wants to taste it? Worms, red toadstools, nails and a bottle with a skull and crossbones lie on the table next to the skeleton Kalle, who is wearing a chef’s hat at a jaunty angle. The Swedish proverb “make soup on a nail” causes a little extra chuckle. The humour constantly disarms the nerve-tingling sense of fear and makes it exciting to see what the next page will bring. The story Prinsen och önskestenen, 2012 (The Prince and the Wishing Stone) is all about friendship. Like all good tales, the story starts by setting the scene, a small town with tall houses and a church steeple. And then there is a castle, a fairytale castle built of grey stone with towers and flapping banners. Next, the prince is introduced in a green park with bushes and flowerbeds. The prince sits under a tree with a small chest in his arms. In it lies a treasure, the Wishing Stone, which he got from his friend – and reminds him of that friend. 54 helena davidsson neppelberg 55 From Kom in om du vågar (2010) helena davidsson neppelberg 56 From Mammas lilla Olle (2008) 57 Eva Eriksson Eva Eriksson (born 1949) graduated from Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) as an art teacher. Since her debut in 1977, she has published a long list of her own books, but she has also illustrated several children’s books by other authors, including Barbro Lindgren and Ulf Nilsson. Her awards include the Elsa Beskow Plaque, the Heffaklump Award for Mamman och den vilda bebin (The Wild Baby) 1980 with text by Barbro Lindgren, the Gold Plaque in Bratislava (1981), the Astrid Lindgren Prize (2001) and the Ottilia Adelborg Award (2006). Photo: Cato Lein Eva Eriksson’s illustrations for Barbro Lindgren’s books about the boy Max are exciting and action-packed. With small flourishes – of body language, colour and angle – these apparently simple picturebooks are consummate tales with a strong nerve. The young child’s rounded head, plump nappy and knobbly knees are drawn with such care, as are the surroundings that form the setting for the more or less monumental dramas in a small child’s life. Max is indeed a fully fledged performer with a full mastery of the actor’s art. The ever-present co-star is Max’s dog, whose antics are often crucial drivers of the action. In addition, the dog is at the heart of some of the more comical situations in the stories. There is also a dog in the picturebook Andrejs längtan, 1997 (Andrei’s Search, 2000), with text by Barbro Lindgren, but this time the dog is just tagging along with the boy Vova and Andrei, who is off in search of his mother in St. Petersburg. In this picturebook, the reader encounters a child who gets to experience life going from happiness at home in his mother’s kitchen to loneliness in the big dormitories of the children’s home. Dream, fantasy and reality blend in merging watercolours in a pale, muted colour palette. The light pen and brushstrokes capture a by-gone age, when uncles wore caps and grandmas wore headscarves, while at the same time they mark out the the seriousness and small joys of life. In Malla cyklar, 2003 (A Crash Course for Molly, 2005) the setting is also an urban environment from the past. The little girl pig has half a pumpkin as a helmet, but she also has a plaster on her head, as well as one on each elbow and knee. Learning to ride a bike is a wobbly business, as shown in a series of pictures of Molly steering wrong, falling, starting again – and falling off again. Mixed with pictures that bleed across the page, these situational images give a strong sense of movement. Molly and her grandma cycle in and out of the pictures from different angles, at varying distances from the objects and the people that they come across during their cycling trip. The trip also leads to a visit to the cake shop, together with a driving instructor who they bump into in more senses than one. 58 eva eriksson 59 From Andrejs längtan (1997) 60 eva eriksson 61 From Malla cyklar (2003) Ann Forslind Ann Forslind was born in Gothenburg in 1953, and has been a freelance illustrator since the mid-1970s. Her picture book debut came in 1986, since when she has published almost 50 titles, half of which with her own text. She received the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 2001. Ann Forslind is also a member of the Swedish Academy for Children’s Books and a lecturer in illustration at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design). [Member of the jury, took part in the discussion on focus and theme, but not in the final vote] Photo: Fanny Hernried Forslind Bäbis drags a shopping bag along on the cover of Bäbis Hejdå, 2012 (Bye-bye Bäbis). In inventive drawings, Ann Forslind puts her finger on a young child’s intense thirst for knowledge. Because how do you find out what things can be used as if you don’t experiment? All sorts of objects lie heaped up in a pile on the floor. Things that Bäbis puts on or stuffs in the bag, before waving goodbye to the reader. In the picturebooks about Bäbis, the focus is on feelings, expressions and playful learning. Bäbis kan, 2012 (Bäbis Can) introduces the reader to Bäbis’s love of feeling, seeing, experiencing and experimenting when making buns. As the buns bake, Bäbis curiously inspects the oven. Bäbis stands next to daddy, who is cleaning up after Bäbis’s baking efforts, which may not have proceeded entirely in a conventional adult way. Clever little flourishes give the reader an insight into what the everyday might look like when you discover and explore it from new perspectives. The girl Greta gets involved in things that are not exactly everyday in the picturebook Aj! Eller när jag hamnade på sjukhuset, 1994 (Ouch! Or When I Ended up in Hospital). This is an objective story with just the right splashes of humour in depicting the hospital environment. There is a doctor with spectacles on the tip of her nose and a stethoscope around her neck, the suspiciously cheery nurse who doesn’t manage to take any samples, the velvet nurse with hair done up in a bun who can also knit – and then there is Jimmie who has time to take care of Greta. Greta describes the actual operation as Greenland. This is the perfect description as the staff, dressed all in green for surgery, bend over imposingly in the picture. The feeling that the world has no fixed contours when you succumb to the anaesthetic is reflected in the wall clock, whose round shape sways about. There is a wonderfully nostalgic reference in the old scraps of books on the theme of healthcare, which are reproduced on the inside cover of the book. 62 Ann forslind 63 From Bäbis rädd (2009) Ann forslind From Aj! Eller när jag hamnade på sjukhuset (1994) 64 65 Gunna Grähs Gunna Grähs (born 1954) studied at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. She is an illustrator, designer and picturebook author, with works including her own Hejhej (Hello There) series. Since her debut in 1982 with Jullan vill vara med (Jullan Wants To Come Too), text by Kjell Johansson, Gunna Grähs has published over 50 titles, mostly picturebooks with text by her or other authors, but also comics and non-fiction. She has received awards such as the Adamson Statuette, the Elsa Beskow Plaque, the Heffaklumpen Award and the Kulla-Gulla Prize. [Member of the jury, took part in the discussion on focus and theme, but not in the final vote] Photo: Ulla Montan Gunna Grähs draws characters with strong personalities. Sometimes, they borrow from the figures of the old cartoons, but always with a loveable feel. The pictures for Nusse-kudden, 1984 (Charlie’s Pillow, 1985), with text by Håkan Jaensson and Arne Norlin, give a playful and tender description of Charlie as he carries around his beloved pillow. He can’t live without it. Gunna Grähs captures Charlie’s life with and without his pillow in whimsical pictures. When the pillow gets left at nursery, it sets off an incredible train of events. Dad breaks into the nursery and four uniformed policemen are despatched, blue lights flashing. The comedy of the situation does not go unnoticed. The bold contour lines form, concentrate and create volume, while the shading gives the images depth and reflects the concealed light sources. The Hejhej-series (Hello There) focuses on encounters between people. The books have beautifully rich colour pictures with sharp shadowing. The picturebook Syrma och Tocke Broms, 2007 (Syrma and Tocke Broms) is a charming tale set in Syrma’s newsagents, where the two protagonists have a few minutes of interaction. The scene is skilfully set. The shop is presented with a 360 degree tour in an almost cinematic sequence, drawing the reader in and giving a clear sense of place. Wonderful little details give each story local colour. In Tutu och Tant Kotla, 2006 (Tutu and Aunt Kotla), the two characters are brought together in Kotla’s cosy living room, where they exchange stories about their childhood. Tutu, a young man, visualises grandpa’s cottage in a sandy landscape, against a clear blue sky. The blazing sun casts sharp shadows around the children, who are playing football outside the cottage. Aunt Kotla, an older lady, visualises timber houses and brick buildings in a drab brown spring landscape where the children sail a bark boat. The pictures are also sprinkled with comical and gently ironic flourishes, such as the cat pawing at the birdcage, knocking the bird off its perch, or the three overflowing bins with recycling instructions on them. 66 gunna grähs 67 From Nusse-kudden (1984) gunna grähs 68 From the Hejhej-series: Dino och lilla Kurren (2006) gunna grähs 69 From the Hejhej-series: Tutu och Tant Kotla (2006) Joanna Hellgren Joanna Hellgren (born 1981) is an illustrator and cartoonist who studied at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. Her first comic book, Mon frère nocturne (My Nocturnal Brother), was published by the French publishing house Editions Cambourakis in 2008 and was chosen as one of the best French books of the year by the jury at the comic book festival in Angoulême. Frances Episode 1 was published in France in 2008 and in Sweden in 2009 (by Galago). She received the Urhunden Prize for Best Original Swedish Comic Book in 2010, and in 2012 the Heffaklumpen Award for the trilogy about Frances. Website: www.joannahellgren.com Photo: Anna Lundell Joanna Hellgren gives a psychological insight into what it’s like to be someone’s soulmate – to think the same thoughts at the same time – as with the narrator and cousin Biliam in the picturebook Mormors sjal, 2012 (Grandma’s Shawl), written by Åsa Lind. They share an internalised world with each other and with the reader – a world that literally blooms under grandma’s black shawl with its fringing and red roses. Like a magician’s cloak, there is a world within a world behind the shawl, a calming refuge from everything that might prevent clear thinking about important matters. A refuge that grandma guards over as she sits in the armchair, half-dozing. On the other side of the shawl, a whole landscape unfolds. It stretches from snow-clad mountain peaks to a tower block – separated by a forest – like an exquisite piece of crochet work. Here, there is all the time in the world. With chalks, watercolours and collage, Joanna Hellgren creates dense, strong and emotional images with a bold presence. On the next page, the tree trunks in the forest are brown and greeny blue in fluid watercolours, with the pigments bleeding into each other, forming ethereal patterns like frozen ice crystals. One of the cousins lays out a white path on the black shawl floor of the den. This path leads naturally on to the final page where, nine days later, the cousins are laying white stones that they have collected around grandma’s grave. Just beforehand, they lock themselves in the bathroom for a bit of breathing space. Depicted from above, they half-lie in the bathtub with their feet touching, so that their thoughts can literally flow between them as if they were one. The reader floats above, looking down from the ceiling. The perspective then changes on the next page. Now the reader is behind the cousins, sharing their experience as practically the whole family looks in with angry and curious expressions. These sharp shifts are a clear comment on how important it is to be able to create your own worlds. Or as grandma puts it: “When you think, you get pictures and words. When you get pictures and words, you get questions. When you ask questions, you get even more questions.” 70 71 72 joanna hellgren joanna 73 Hellgren This and previous Mormors sjal (2012) Fromspread: MormorsFrom sjal (2012) Anna Höglund Anna Höglund (born 1958) is an author, illustrator and artist. She has written several books, as well as worked with other authors such as Ulf Stark, Barbro Lindgren, Eva Susso, Gunnar Lundkvist and Ulf Nilsson. Anna Höglund also writes drama and makes animated films. Her books have been translated into several languages. Her awards include the BIB Plaque in Bratislava (1983), the Elsa Beskow Plaque (1988), the Pier Paolo Vergerio Prize (1993 and 1998), the Dutch De Zilveren Penseel Award (1994), Deutsche Jugendliteratur Preis (1995 and 1996) and the August Prize (1996). Photo: Viktor Gårdsäter Först var det mörkt, 1991 (First There Was Darkness) is an alternative creation story that Anna Höglund wrote along with Otto, aged 3. Across brown land, a grey-orange dawn sky arches over the opening phrase: “First there was darkness”. Then comes the earth, the moon, the sun, the morning and the man, who sails away when the rain comes. The voyage ends on an island, where the man meets the angel Eriksson. Together they sit against a smiling tree trunk, each licking an ice cream. It is a direct and simple tale that stylishly combines the story of the world’s creation and the existence of angels with the enjoyably prosaic act of eating ice cream. Syborg Stenstump, on the other hand, makes a fantastic voyage through an atlas, whose content is depicted in inventive images in the picturebook Resor jag aldrig gjort av Syborg Stenstump, 1992 (Journeys I have Never Made, by Syborg Stenstump). When the final demand for payment drops through the letterbox, Syborg is lying on a spindle-backed seat looking at an atlas with a pith helmet on her head. Next to her on the floor is an open box of Cuban cigars, and alongside that is a book titled “Islands Like a String of Pearls”. Syborg imagines a burning fire in Tierra del Fuego as she lights a cigar and stands unhappily in a polka dot bikini and red heels on the Bikini Islands, which she doesn’t like. The story continues around the world in the same humorous way, with Syborg encountering every possible and impossible cliché of the travel genre through Anna Höglund’s illustrations. Travel is also the starting point for the sensitive picturebook about Mina och Kåge, 1995 (Mina and Kåge), where Kåge, who lacks empathy, suddenly announces that he is off to Vietnam. Self-righteously and pipe in hand, he looks up at his speech bubble as he informs Mina. This is an apt portrayal of what it’s like to be left alone. Over four chapters, the reader gets to share Mina’s emotional turmoil on white pages with black line drawings, accentuated with apricot/orange. But Mina get through the experience and out the other side. When, in the last picture, she tells Kåge that: “I’m also going off travelling” Kåge’s body language and facial expression, as he drops his pipe, reflect his genuine dismay. And Mina sees her point really hit home. 74 anna höglund 75 From Först var det mörkt (1991) Plats för snart inscannad bild anna höglund 76 From Resor jag aldrig gjort av Syborg Stenstump (1992) från Resor jag aldrig gjort.... 77 Maria Jönsson Maria Jönsson (born 1958) has been a freelance newspaper and book illustrator since the early 1990s. Her picture book debut came with Prata persilja, 1999 (Talk Parsley), later followed by her own picturebook series about Spyflugan Astrid, 2007 (Astrid the Bluebottle). Maria Jönsson received the Ottilia Adelborg Award in 2010 and was given First Prize by the Children’s Book Jury in 2008 for Spyflugan Astrid flyger högt (Astrid the Bluebottle Flies High). Website: www.spyflugan.com Photo: Jenny Mark Ketter Spyflugan Astrid, 2007 (Astrid the Bluebottle) is an inquisitive girl who enjoys adventures in the human world. She lives behind the sofa with all her relatives. Astrid, who likes trying out all the fun things on the other side, makes secret forays now and then. One night she gets out of her bunk, one of many where the bluebottles are all asleep. She climbs down a ladder and flies off, meandering over the page and out over the edge. With deft economy, Maria Jönsson creates a loving description of a usually rather irritating insect. She beautifully captures the erratic progress of flies in the dotted and full lines that cross here and there over the pages as Astrid buzzes around. With red as the focal colour, black shading and grey tints, this is a highly graphic tale. On one page, in the grey of night, Astrid sits driving a toy train. She cheekily dangles one arm out of the window. In one wagon, a skeleton lies as if asleep. A striped sausage snoozes in another. On the same page, Astrid also fences with a pirate wearing a pirate’s hat. One hand is a hook and in the other the pirate holds a cutlass with a blood-red blade. Alongside Astrid and the pirate stands a road sign with a spider on it. But Astrid also finds time to hang and dangle from a green dinosaur’s arm, next to a pearl bracelet. At seven o’clock, a noticeably groggy Astrid flies out of the fridge. It can be dangerous to eat as much salami as she has just done. So much that she fall asleep on the plate and end up in the fridge. After that experience, Astrid announces that she will mostly eat vegetables, as she sits on a cucumber and leans against a pepper. There is a lovely interplay between the two worlds, the fly world and the human world. In the human kitchen a baby’s bottle stands on the worktop next to the fridge. In the fly kitchen there are 22 baby’s bottles stacked on shelves, the table and the floor. And of course there is a stove behind the sofa, but Astrid calls the hob in the human world the black sun. 78 79 80 maria jönsson This and previous spread: From Spyflugan Astrid (2007) 81 Olof Landström Born in 1943 in Turku, Finland, Olof Landström is an author and illustrator who studied at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. He has worked primarily in book illustration and animation. With collaborators such as Peter Cohen and Lena Landström, he created the film series Kalles klätterträd, 1975 (Charlie’s Climbing Tree) (First Prize Prix Jeunesse in Munich 1976), Magister Flykt, 1984 (Teacher Haze) (Second Prize in Los Angeles and Bratislava 1985) and the short film Herr Bohm och sillen, 1987 (Mr Bohm and the Herring) (First Prize Prix Jeunesse, animation category 1988). In 1990 Lena and Olof Landström made their first picturebook together, Nisses nya mössa (Will’s New Cap). Since then, the couple have produced sixteen new titles, including a series about the sheep Bu och Bä (Boo and Baa). Olof Landström has received a number of awards, among them a New York Times Award for Olssons pastejer (Olson’s Meat Pies) as one of the year’s ten best illustrated books (1989), a grant from the Swedish Society for the Promotion of Literature (1991), the Elsa Beskow Plaque (1992) and, together with Lena Landström, a mention as one of the top five children’s books in the Washington Post for the picturebook Fyra hönor och en tupp, 2005 (Four Hens and a Rooster), the Heffaklumpen Award (2006) and the Astrid Lindgren Prize (2009). Photo: Ulla Montan Olof Landström captures everyday life’s hardships in a humble way that really hits the mark in his subtle illustrations. His book about Pom and Pim, 2012 is delightfully engaging, despite Pom falling on the face. But Pom finds a bank note – what luck! Pom buys a big ice cream, but gets a stomach ache – what bad luck – and needs to lie down. But up there on the ceiling is the lost balloon – what luck! Pom and Pim go outside. The balloon bobbles nicely… BANG – what bad luck. But every cloud has a silver lining in this tale. As the rain literally falls like blue rods on the hill, Pom and the companion rag doll Pim, are back having fun. Luck and misfortune play with each other through the whole story. A burst, pink balloon offers excellent protection against the downpour – for Pim who is wrapped in it. We are similarly introduced to Boo and Baa, as they battle their way through a snowstorm in Bu och Bä i blåsväder, 1995 (Boo and Baa in Windy Weather, 1996). In the carefully illustrated pages, they head downhill in good weather to do some shopping. The route home does of course mean going up the same hill, but this time in a headwind and heavy snow. When the cabbage, one of the items they bought at the shop, rolls down the hill, the comedy of the situation comes to the fore. First the cabbage rolls away in an ever-growing snowball, then comes Baa and finally Boo, yelling: “Catch it!”. The stories are united by their focus on wind and weather, luck and misfortune and language and style. However, the characters are inherently different. Pom is alone, although accompanied by Pim, while Boo and Baa are two kindred spirits. And although they are two “muttonheads”, they are undoubtedly smart. In their clothing – shorts and a dress, scarves, knitted caps and matching yellow gloves – they represent a bygone yet modern age, and the action itself is timeless. The same is true of Pom’s long cardigan. The stories, on the other hand, are less fixed in time: nothing is certain, anything can happen. Olof Landström’s simple, but expressive figures and Lena Landström’s pithy text make the books both exciting and humorous at the same time. No wonder readers find themselves secretly smiling at all the craziness, which just happens, virtually without warning. 82 olof landström 83 From Bu och Bä i blåsväder (1995) 84 olof landström 85 From Pom och Pim (2012) Pija Lindenbaum Pija Lindenbaum studied at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. She debuted with the picturebook Else-Marie och de sju småpapporna (1990), which was instantly translated into a number of different languages. It was published in the USA under the title Else-Marie and Her Seven Little Daddies in 1991. Pija Lindenbaum has received several prizes and awards for her books, including a New York Times Award for best picturebook, the Elsa Beskow Plaque (1993), Illustrator of the Year at Bologna Children’s Book Fair (1993), the August Prize for Gittan och gråvargarna, 2000 (Bridget and the Grey Wolves), the Astrid Lindgren Prize and the Ottilia Adelborg Award (2008), the Royal Pro Patria Society’s Gold medal, inclusion on the IBBY Honour List for Siv sover vilse (Siv Sleeps Away) and Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (2012). Photo: Ulrica Zwenger Gittan och gråvargarna, 2000 (Bridget and the Grey Wolves, 2008) is about a little girl who gets lost in the forest on a trip with the preschool, which results in her having to spend the night with a pack of dishevelled, whingy and whiny wolves, the comic characters of the story in both pictures and text. Bridget, who is initially described as being scared of everything, turns out to be a real pack leader, immediately taking command. Set against fiery red ground and sky, an unkempt spruce forest, as unkempt as the wolves, is the setting for this sensitive chamber piece, which ends with Bridget standing right on top of the playhouse roof, afraid of nothing. Facing her inner fears, represented by a bunch of timid grey wolves, ends in triumph for Bridget. Kenta is also able to triumph at the end of the story Kenta och barbisarna, 2007 (Kenta and the Barbies). However, the victory that he secures is not as personal as Bridget’s. In fact it is as much a victory for all children atthe preschool who stray beyond their assigned gender. Kenta’s dad represents a humorous cliché of a made-up gender norm. With his blond crewcut, broad chin, bulging biceps, camouflage trousers and football, he personifies the polar opposite of Kenta’s blonde, long-legged Barbie with her wasp-like waist. To transcend invisible, but often very clearly demarcated, boundaries, you sometimes need raw models and templates. How else could the different interests of the girls and boys be united in the princess-skirted football match that concludes the book? In the picturebook Siv sover vilse, 2009 (Siv Sleeps Away) Pija Lindenbaum has created a richly colourful thriller. Siv stands alone in a long, high corridor lined with closed doors. With her pink, wheeled suitcase, she is at the tip of a shaft of light, looking at the reader. Her position on the cover gives a direct insight into the theme of the story, backed up by the title. With bold shifts in perspective, suggestive depictions of space, shadows and strong light sources, Pija Lindenbaum builds up a powerful backdrop to Siv’s experience of the exciting, new and slightly frightening event that is a first sleepover. 86 87 pija lindenbaum Previous page: From Gittan och gråvargarna (2000) 88 Above: From Kenta och barbisarna (2007) Right: From Siv sover vilse (2009) 89 Eva Lindström Eva Lindström (born 1952) studied at Västerås School of Art and Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. She illustrates her own and other authors’ texts, and has made three short animated films. Her previous titles include Min vän Lage (My Friend Lage), Någon flyttar in (Someone Moves In), Limpan är sugen (Limpan is Hungry) and Vid bergets långa breda fot (At the Long, Broad Foot of the Mountain). She received the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 1995 and the Snowball Award for Best Swedish Picturebook in 2012. She has been nominated for the August Prize seven times, most recently for her book Jag tycker inte om vatten, 2010 (I Don’t Like Water). Photo: Alfabeta Eva Lindström’s stories are at once tender tales of the everyday and humorous pictorial stories. Two characters who end up reunited are Apan och jag, 2011 (The Monkey and Me). The monkey gets separated from “Me” when the two are out shopping for food. Me then goes and waits for the monkey to come back, while thinking about all the fun things that the monkey is doing, and the pictures fill in more detail about the monkey’s imagined adventure. The monkey takes a taxi to the station and then takes the train to the Swedish town Arvika. There the monkey visits a rat who serves up blue cheese. But actually, the monkey isn’t missing. Here and there, a tail, a hand or the monkey’s head appear at home with Me, who is waiting and missing a friend, chopping onions and crying, making dinner for two with candles on the table. Eva Lindström’s illustrations always employ a tasteful colour palette. Bright orange combines with pink and azure, or beige and pale blue, to give the pictures a certain softness. In the picturebooks Jag tycker inte om vatten, 2010 (I Don’t Like Water) and I skogen, 2008 (In the Forest), Alf, and the characters Maggan, Snuten and Trim, inhabit beautiful watercolour settings which have a very appealing mistiness to them. Of these inventive stories, the first is about Alf, who plays around with canoe number 13 and ends up in the water, or turns his back on his friends when the tadpoles are released because he doesn’t like water. The second is about when the trio gently follow the seasons in the forest, who leaves in the autumn and return in the spring – just like migratory birds. The picturebook Limpan är sugen, 1997 (Limpan is Hungry) is about a woman and a dog, who both likes to eat sausages. Apricot and purple oval-shaped scenes show woman and dog together or in majestic solitude. The story proceeds like a spiral. The dog spots the sausage that the woman is eating. The woman heads home and goes to bed and the dog follows. When the woman, who can’t sleep, goes out to find the dog, the dog slips into the house. Back inside, they meet up and the reunion is celebrated with sausage, of course. 90 eva lindström 91 From Jag tycker inte om vatten (2010) 92 eva lindström 93 From Apan och jag (2011) Sara Lundberg Sara Lundberg (born 1971) is an illustrator who studied at McDaniel College in Maryland, USA. Over many years, she has illustrated other authors’ texts, including the book Skriv om och om igen (Write, Rewrite and Rewrite Again) by Ylva Karlsson, Katarina Kuick and Lilian Bäckman, for which she received the August Prize 2009. Sara Lundberg’s first solo picturebook was Vita streck, 2009 (White Lines). She has received several awards, including the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 2012 for Vita Streck och Öjvind (White Lines and Öjvind), which was also nominated for the August Prize in 2011, and received the Gold Award in the Association of Swedish Illustrators and Graphic Designers’ competition Kolla! for Cords, 2010 (Hear Us and Have Mercy). She was also awarded a working grant from the Swedish Authors’ Fund 2011. Website: www.saralundberg.se Photo: Snezana Vucetic Bohm When straight line meets crooked line, it eventually leads to liking. However, initially the perspectives are very different. In Sara Lundberg’s picturebook Vita streck och Öyvind, 2009 (White Lines and Öyvind) the orderly girl Vita (White) meets the boy Öyvind. All she does is make straight lines, while he ends up making crooked tracks when he climbs out of Vita’s paint. Öyvind walks into the story like a whirlwind – and creates an emotional storm in Vita. This is depicted in restrained and contrast-rich pictures, where straight and flowing lines run across the colourful pages. It is, in many ways, a very poetic continuation of the narrative that Vita started in the picturebook Vita streck, 2009 (White Lines). The picturebook Emblas universum, 2011 (Embla’s Universe), with text by Majken Pollack, contains another strong characterisation of a girl. In Embla, Sara Lundberg portrays a child who is everything. Embla’s dark eyes, with long, thick eyelashes, look back at the reader from the moon, the tree and the book that describes everything a person needs to know. There is simply no room for little sister Anna. Embla’s strict and philosophical logic is wonderfully headstrong. The variation between framed images in watercolour-filled pencil and full watercolours with elements of collage bleeding over the page clearly and powerfully reflects the two worlds that Embla inhabits. Liv, in her sleeveless red dress with white dots, is another girl who exists in a different world. In En blommas liv, 2008 (A Flower’s Life), written by Stefan Casta, the title itself gives away the fact that Liv, who has been given this symbolic name – Life – is seen in terms of the annual cycle of the flower water avens. This is a beautiful book on flora, fauna, insects and birds, while also being a lovely account of the yearly cycle. Together, the frog, the buttercups, the wren, the bumble-bees, the seed pods, the dragonflies, the mushroom basket, the rowanberries, the field mouse, the fox, the brimstone butterfly and the coltsfoot create a warm and stylish portrait of nature in Sara Lundberg’s gentle images, with their brushstrokes tracking across the paper. 94 sara lundberg eva lindström 95 FromFrom Vita streck och jag Öyvind (2009) Apan och (2011) sara lundberg 96 From Emblas universum (2011) sara lundberg 97 From En blommas liv (2008) Jan Lööf Jan Lööf (born 1940) is an author, jazz musician and artist who trained at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. Two of his greatest inspirations are Wilson McCoy, who illustrated The Phantom in 1947–1961, and Al Smith, who created the comic series Mutt and Jeff in 1932. Jan Lööf debuted in 1966 with two books for different publishers, En trollkarl i Stockholm (A Magician in Stockholm) and Morfar är sjörövare (My Grandpa is a Pirate). One of his many picturebooks in recent years is Örnis bilar, 1994 (Örni’s Vehicles), which has been translated into several languages. Jan Lööf also illustrated the cartoon strips Felix, 1967–1973 and Ville, 1975. He has received various awards for his work, including the Heffaklumpen Award, as well as a grant from the Swedish Society for the Promotion of Literature (1974) and the magazine Vi’s grant for illustrators (1975). Photo: Stefan Tell With an unerring eye for the absurd, Jan Lööf serves up unlikely stories with a splash of humour. There is no standing on ceremony as the tales play with narrative concepts and tropes. There are copious references to other images and works, as if they are an important part of the content. Sagan om det röda äpplet, 1974 (Who’s Got the Apple?, 1975) contains a picture within a picture of Quasimodo from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, written by Victor Hugo in 1831. Together with references to other equally apt classics – such as Tintin’s dog Snowy by Hergé – these insertions become a jokey commentary that benefits the stories as a whole and the reader. Another common theme is looking to the past. The illustrated versions of Morfar är sjörövare, 1966 (My Grandpa is a Pirate, 1974) show the common associations of the 1970s with the middle classes of the 19th century. In the first edition grandpa, dressed in a shirt and tie, sits in a rounded armchair under a chandelier, while in the later edition he wears a check jacket and sits in a wing-backed chair next to a standard lamp. And in Matildas katter, 2008 (Matilda’s Cats) the settings, which are so typically Jan Lööf, embrace the whole of the 20th century, giving a very timely retro feel. Who’s Got the Apple? was considered innovative when it was published in the 1970s. And it still is because, even though it is rare for today’s classrooms to have a harmonium in the corner, baddies to wear sunglasses and false beards and old men to wear pinstriped suits and hats, the pictorial story is quite ingenious in its construction. It is like watching a film and looking at the set designer’s three-dimensional model at the same time, while several incidents take place in different locations and on different levels in the story. Drawing clear parallels with cartoons, Jan Lööf’s picturebooks tend to revel in ambiguity. 98 jan lööf 99 From Sagan om det röda äpplet (1974) jan lööf 100är sjörövare (1966) Above: From Morfar Right: From Matildas katter (2011) 101 Sven Nordqvist Sven Nordqvist (born 1946) is an author, draughtsman and illustrator. In 1981 he won a picturebook competition with Agaton Öman och alfabetet (Agaton Öman and the Alphabet). Then came the old man Pettson and his cat Findus, who are now the subject of ten books. Many of them have been translated into around 40 languages. Sven Nordqvist also illustrates picturebooks by other authors, such as the books about Mamma Mu och Kråkan (Mamma Moo and the Crow), with text by Jujja and Tomas Wieslander. Sven Nordqvist has received awards such as the Elsa Beskow Plaque (1989) and Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (1992), the Astrid Lindgren Prize (2003), the August Prize (2007) for Var är min syster? (Where is My Sister?) and the Schullström Prize for Children’s and Young Adult Fiction (2008). Photo: Opal Abundance is the defining feature of Sven Nordqvist’s picturebook Var är min syster?, 2007 (Where is My Sister?, 2011). The reader can easily become immersed for hours in this exploration of time and space. At the back of the book, Sven Nordqvist writes that this is a “journey through dreamlike landscapes, made as a single, long, continuous picture.” And each page certainly does spill over into the next through small, almost imperceptible, shifts. All the way through the book, the reader encounters historical settings and references to subjects such as art, architecture, literature and science. Fantastical impossibilities also occur during the flight that the rat sister’s little brother takes in a pear-balloon with a wise and educated older rat. Concepts such as reality and fantasy are freely blended in this story, which takes in a chandelier made of fishing lures, a figure in a brown cowl who shows his bottom, an armoured rhino, a lava-spewing volcano, a samovar and a set square – to name but a few of the objects and characters. Each spread embodies a perhaps rather contradictory sense of humorous seriousness. The texts, which were written after the pictures, form a poetic story about the art of understanding how another person thinks. The quest is to find the sister, who appears on each spread, but just out of sight of her little brother. This picturebook can be compared to a cabinet of curiosities, filled with marvels. A figurative counterpart is playfully drawn in the form of an open temple courtyard, surrounded by arches bearing some of history’s greatest finders. The courtyard contains a range of objects placed on white plinths, such as a bent nail, a seashell, a broken eggshell, a skull and a squeezed tube, all of which are observed by figures either alone or in groups. Outside, in the landscaped garden, stands a glass jar of insects, also watched by a clutch of figures. Sorting, organising and defining are part and parcel of a museum’s mania for collecting, which is just as weird an idea as eight bulls in an enamel chamber pot or brass trumpet lilies. As the wise old rat points out in the text, the truth can be a tricky thing. 102 sven nordqvist 103 From Var är min syster? (2007) 104 sven nordqvist 105 From Var är min syster? (2007) Jockum Nordström Jockum Nordström (born 1963) is an artist. In the late 1990s he regularly illustrated for the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter, but he has also created books, short animated films, album covers and public art. Jockum Nordström has attained international recognition as a contemporary artist with exhibitions both in Sweden and abroad. He is represented at many museums, such as MoMA in New York, Centre Pompidou in Paris and Moderna Museet in Stockholm. In 1999 he received the Elsa Beskow Plaque for the book Var är Sailor och Pekka? (Where are Sailor and Pekka?). Photo: Ulla Montan The picturebook medium and the comic strip medium enter into a glorious alliance in Jockum Nordström’s books about Sailor and his dog Pekka. The books blend full-spread images with boxed panels to give the stories a billowing, catchy, gently syncopated rhythm. This visual rhythm is accentuated by the technique of switching between a collage of cut-out figures and photographic images, and between drawing and painting. The mix of styles and forms of expression makes the illustrations unique. Here in Sailor and Pekka’s world, there is always room for both beauty and ugliness. In Varför – Därför, Sailor och Pekka, 2003 (Why – Because, Sailor and Pekka) the reader is presented with a handful of references to 20th century art. Designers and artists are name-checked, while abstract paintings, modern sculpture and contemporary architecture also feature. Other images are also inserted, like postcards from different cities around the world. As well as the locations, they call to mind a bygone age when information was analogue. Similarly, the book presents links to a time gone by in the urban spaces and other settings that Sailor and Pekka inhabit. So too do Werner Aspenström’s two poems Europa (Europe) from Hundarna, 1954 (The Dogs) and Jag väntar ännu på min ankomst (I still await my arrival) from Snölegend, 1949 (Snow Legend). These open and close the work, bookending the more prosaic tale about Sailor and Pekka doing some wallpapering for Mrs Jackson after they win the lottery. Like wallpaper, life comes in strips, sections that join together to form a picture – just as coherent as it is disjointed. As such, there are many unforeseen and unforeseeable events in the stories about Sailor and Pekka. For example, playing with the linguistic construct – asking why, answering because – offers both a witty and a serious explanation of what is happening. In this way, reality and imagination can become united to create a third entity where colour, shape, surface, depth, opposites and similarities appear by turns on one and the same page. 106 jockum nordström 107 From Varför – Därför, Sailor och Pekka (2003) jockum nordström 108 This and previous spread: From Varför – Därför, Sailor och Pekka (2003) 109 Klara Persson Klara Persson (born 1985) is an author and illustrator. She graduated from Högskolan för design och konsthantverk (School of Design and Crafts) in Gothenburg with a Master’s degree in Design, and has also studied creative writing. She debuted in 2012 with the picturebook Molly & Sus for which she recieved the Swedish Slangbellan Award in 2013. Website: www.klarast.com The plaits of Molly & Sus, 2012 run like an infinity symbol in Klara Persson’s lovely story about the two girls who were born on the same day. In fact, they are more like the two poles of a circle. The pictures and text subtly show what it might be like to be seen as so seemingly similar that you are treated as a single unit. However, Molly is right-handed and Sus is left-handed, they dress differently and each thinks that the other gets in the way – and that the one must stick with the other. When you are physically joined by your plaits, life becomes a little more complicated, like getting dressed if the clothes have no zip or buttons, cycling – even if you do have a tandem – or brushing your teeth when the toothbrushes clash. On a piece of furniture next to the wash basin lies a pair of scissors. Suddenly Sus cuts off the plaits, severing the ties. The focus is on the onomatopoeic word “swish”, the scissors and the two clipped plaits, which are now four seriously cropped tassels on the outer edges of the page. Molly chooses to do her own thing, away from Sus, in a pale yellow and grey living room. And that is where the drama arises. Because now that they are no longer together, the roles are reversed. Sus needs Molly. In the darker grey, desolate setting of the garden, where two tree trunks cast long shadows, Sus searches for Molly. In one grey and mintgreen spread, she writes a letter on lined paper and places it in an envelope. But nothing happens. She goes to the playground and sits on the brown seesaw. And suddenly she is lifted up into the air – as Molly sits on the other end. The variation between bleeds, cut-outs, framed text plates and whole spreads creates an even flow, along with the cool, light colour palette, which leads the reader to reflect on the disadvantages of being together and the benefits of not being alone, both during the course of the story and long after it is over. 110 111 klara persson This and previous spread: From Molly & Sus (2012) 112 113 Charlotte Ramel Charlotte Ramel (born 1959) studied advertising at Beckmans College of Design in Stockholm, where she also taught for a while. In addition, she has worked as a designer for newspapers and advertising agencies. She debuted with Tårtboken (The Cake Book) in 1988, for which she received the Excellent Swedish Design Award in 1989. Since then she has created several books and collaborated with numerous authors. The most recent collaborator was Ulf Stark, with whom she created the books about Kanel och Kanin (Cinnamon and Rabbit). She received the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 2007. Photo: Rabén & Sjögren In the picturebook Kanel och Kanin och alla känslorna, 2012 (Cinnamon and Rabbit and All the Feelings), with text by Ulf Stark, Charlotte Ramel explores the entire emotional register of Kanel and Kanin. The two main characters are given very different attributes, as expressed in their external features. Kanel has a charming bun-like swirl of hair on his head and Kanin has touches of pink on her ears and nose. Charlotte Ramel captures their feelings in facial expressions and in body language. The whole emotional drama runs along a pale red brushstroke in watercolour and is accentuated with a pale red background when they fall out. The story starts with Kanel feeling sorry for, and comforting, Kanin, who has tripped over a black rock and fallen flat on the ground. From enjoying fun and games, Kanin is now crying her eyes out. And her sore toe has gone very pink, with little black lines above it. Kanel drops to his knees and says: “Even though you hurt yourself, I feel the pain too!”. The lines that mark Kanel’s eyebrows are also curved to give a pained expression. When Kanin leaves Kanel a little later on, because he has invited a third party – the squirrel – to join them, Kanin holds her paws to her side as she looks angrily in towards the page. The direction of looks and movements, coupled with the positioning of Kanel and Kanin on the spreads (Kanel on the left and Kanin on the right), constantly drives the story forward. The little worm in the red check cap plays a silent supporting role as he crawls through the story. He hits upon, or rather is hit by, an equally silent worm in a red beret who drops from the sky. It is the bird flying through the story who drops the female worm from its beak, just at the moment that Kanel and Kanin back into each other. As they turn towards each other in joy, the girl worm enjoys a soft landing on the back of the boy worm, knocking the wind out of him. Kanel, who has been suffering from a “Kanin hug deficiency”, finally gets to unpack the picnic basket, whose red check tablecloth also has to double up as a blanket. The story ends under a crooked fir tree, with the boy Kanel and the girl Kanin lying on their backs, side by side, with the tablecloth pulled over them. 114 charlotte Ramel 115 From Kanel och Kanin och alla känslorna (2012) 116 charlotte Ramel 117 From Kanel och Kanin och alla känslorna (2012) Matilda Ruta Matilda Ruta (born 1982) is a designer and illustrator, with a Master’s degree from Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm. Matilda Ruta creates graphic novels, picturebooks and works on varied illustration commissions and decorative assignments. Her debut book, the graphic novel Tummelisa eller den andra vildmarken (Thumbelina or the Other Wilderness), was published in 2011. Since May 2010, Matilda Ruta has been responsible for the design of the magazine Brand. She also works with the junior website for Sveriges Radio (Swedish Radio), contributing illustrations and designs. Website: www.matildaruta.se. Photo: Rasmus Malm Matilda Ruta’s illustrations for Mirja och pojken i det rosa huset, 2012 (Mirja and the Boy in the Pink House), with text by Sofia Nordin, are a cascade of clear, pure colours. In a glowing green landscape, beneath a brilliant blue sky, a tale is told that culminates in Mirja meeting William. This landscape mixes stylised trees in the spirit of synthetism, and twining vegetation with curving Art Nouveau lines. The idyllic and romantic image of a Swedish summer in the countryside remains throughout, although Mirja does make an initial attempt to dismiss the rural idyll as the most boring place in the world. Summer really can be as stylistically pure and beautiful as this, here hand in hand with Swedish contemporary realism. Mirja’s parents carry everything to the country in their rucksacks like two experienced backpackers. They are also lugging about bags, a rubber ring and a beach ball. At the old couple’s house they are served bought buns in a bag. Mirja wears a t-shirt and shorts, or trousers and a sweater, and has a traditional summer sticking plaster on her knee. Other modern clothes, such as sneakers, top and cap, accurately depict today’s summer gear. On the last page Mirja and William sit next to each other on a moss-encrusted rock. Behind them is the tall, dark spruce forest. “The sunlight is warm on your skin” – and that’s exactly what summer feels like. The pages are beautifully linked by painted, cut-out and drawn elements overlapping over and under each other. Expressive and simultaneously symbolic, the realistic is elegantly combined with the decorative, producing a suite of luminous pictures in purple, red, pink, yellow, blue, green, brown, orange and grey. The colours wash over the reader like a cleansing tidal wave, almost as if the illustrations were cut from several layers of colour, like a Japanese woodcut. 118 119 matilda ruta 120 This and previous spread: From Mirja och pojken i det rosa huset (2012) 121 Lena Sjöberg Lena Sjöberg (born 1970) graduated from Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in 1996. Since then she has been a freelance illustrator. Her debut as an author came in 2005 with the picturebook Hurman hittar en skatt (Hurman Finds a Treasure) followed by Dom är sötast när dom sover (They Are Cutest When They Are Sleeping). In 2009 Lena Sjöberg’s book Törnrosa (Sleeping Beauty) was recognised by Svensk Bokkonst for its artistry, and in the following year, 2010, she was nominated for the August Prize for the book Tänk om... (Imagine...). She received the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 2011. Website: www.lenasjoberg.com Photo: Johnny Franzén What does a superhero have behind his/her back? A skateboard, and a hand in plaster. The things you can’t see from the front are just as exciting, as shown by the people, or characters, who are hiding something behind their backs in Lena Sjöberg’s picturebook Vad har du bakom ryggen?, 2012 (What’s Behind Your Back?). The superhero, for example, has a grazed forehead and scraped knees and the light blue of the superhero costume is ripped at the knee and at the toes. And if you get about on a skateboard, a bit of bloodshed is only to be expected when the board wants to go one way and your body the other. What the sailor has behind his back is similarly a perfect meta-comment worth examining in greater depth. Among thin tattoos in blue of a heart with an arrow through it, a two-masted sailing ship, a flower, a mermaid and a symbol of faith, hope and love, the sailor in the Royal Navy has “mum” tattooed across his shoulder blades. Slightly twisted logic is also the theme of the picturebook Tänk om …, 2010 (Imagine…). Each page deals with a parent’s thoughts about what he/she would do for his/her child, all seen from the viewpoint of another animal, such as the hare, the spider or the mosquito. In stylised spreads, green for the hare or blue for the spider, here too there are different interjections and meta-references in pictures and text, which increase the intensity of the storytelling. The baby spider lies in a spider’s web hammock reading Spiderman, whose unmistakable red mask and blue costume are replicated on the cover of the comic. And on the wall of the bedbug’s condemned home is a poster for a flea circus, as well as a drawn skull, graffiti and layers of torn wallpaper. Lena Sjöberg has chosen to work with pictures in ink and gouache, which she sometimes colours on the computer. They bear playful traces of woodcuts and Swedish folk art. Stronger or thinner lines shape and give volume in the same way as a graphic artist carving a picture into the wood. Similarly the floral ornamentation grows into the pictures such that the text areas are surrounded by stylised frames and the pages with illustrations gain beautiful patterned borders like old-fashioned stencils, but digital. 122 ”What’s behind your back, Pirate? A Parrot!” lena sjöberg 123 From Vad har du bakom ryggen? (2010) lena sjöberg 124 From Tänk om... (2010) 125 Pernilla Stalfelt Pernilla Stalfelt (born 1962) is an author and illustrator with a rich and varied bibliography. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Art and Literature Studies and attended Konstskolan Basis in 1988–1989, Gerleborgsskolan in Stockholm in 1990–1992 and Konstfack’s animation course in 1997. She debuted in 1996 with Hårboken (The Hair Book), for which she received the Elsa Beskow Plaque (1997). She has also received Rabén & Sjögren’s Astrid Lindgren Prize for her work (2004), the Klax-Award in Berlin and the Heffaklumpen Award for Dödenboken (The Death Book) 2001. She was nominated for Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for The Death Book. Pernilla Stalfelt’s books have been translated into several languages. Since 1992 she has also been working as an art teacher at Moderna Museet in Stockholm. Photo: Karin Alfredson Pernilla Stalfelt uninhibitedly plays with the way language uses standard phrases to create the most ingenious imagery. Like the “dropped jaws” in the picturebook Vem är du? En bok om tolerans, 2012 (Who are you? A Book About Tolerance), a picturebook commissioned by the organisation against hate-crime Teskedsorden – För tolerans, mot fanatism – de mångas möjligheter och styrka (The Order of the Teaspoon – For tolerance, against fanaticism). To show that the same and different are not always what they say they are, Pernilla Stalfelt’s illustrations clash with the text. With no respect for convention, she turns various concepts and interpretations on their head to shake up the reader’s assumptions of what is being conveyed in different contexts. Visualising the concept of “swallowing your anger” with an anatomical cross-section of the oesophagus and a stomach is not just insanely funny, it’s clever too. The ending of Fisksaga, 2001 (A Fish Story), a rhyming tale on the theme of David and Goliath, with a change in size and number, is uncertain. The characters are thirty-six fishes with different characteristics. The first seven fishes all swim across the pages in the direction the pages are turned, before changing direction and going to meet their fate. Like a crescendo, expectations are built up around the fishes’ untimely end, which are overturned in a “snap” with the advance of their twenty-nine remaining cousins. The piranha’s fish in foil is a natural hit with anyone desperately trying to get a child to eat up their dinner. The ability to tell a good story often rests on getting the tiny but rarely unimportant details right. In Lokvargen, 2000 (Wolf Monster), created with Pernilla Stalfelt’s nephew, Calle Stalfelt, the story is based on an “illogicality”, a liberating ad hoc principle which defines the imaginary animal Lupus horribilis (the wolf monster) in pictures and text. What the creature is, does and likes is explained by pointing out the opposite, a deft twist on a story whose two-legged, horned and sharp-toothed protagonist finally enjoys a loving meal with an even bigger friend of the same species. 126 pernilla stalfelt 127 From Vem är du? En bok om tolerans (2012) pernilla stalfelt 128 From Fisksaga (2001) pernilla stalfelt 129 From Lokvargen (2000) Anna-Clara Tidholm Anna-Clara Tidholm (born 1946) is an author and illustrator who started out as a writer. She has produced a richly varied body of work over the years. The Knacka på-series (Knock, Knock, Knock) has achieved great success around the world and is now considered a classic of the genre. She received the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 1986, Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for Resan till Ugri-La-Brek (Journey to Ugri-La-Brek) in 1992, the Astrid Lindgren Prize in 1997 and the August Prize for Adjö, Herr Muffin (Goodbye, Mr Muffin) in 2002. Photo: Alfabeta “Mum won’t say anything and dad doesn’t know anything!”. So Hinken and Myran take matters into their own hands and head out on a globe-trotting adventure together with their dog Strunt to find out what has happened to grandpa Jonte in the poetic picturebook Resan till Ugri-La-Brek, 1987 (Journey to Ugri-La-Brek), written by Thomas Tidholm. And Ugri-La-Brek, otherwise known as the “Village Where Smoke Goes Straight Up”, is where they find him, in a little grey house with a fireplace, a world away from the flat where grandpa used to live. This is a story that unites the subjective experience of grandpa’s disappearance and the unstated awareness of his death. Together pictures and text allude to life and death with a variety of hints and references, partly to do with time, but also symbolised by the dark river the children row across, the twilight and the black birds. An equally thought-provoking picturebook is Lanas land, 1996 (Lana’s Land), also written by Thomas Tidholm. The land is on the other side of the water and Lana rows to it at night. There she is the queen and her “own little pig” Ogg wanders over a wide open landscape with the other animals. But Ogg grows and devastates Lana’s land when he tramples the other animals to death. In the illustrations he is shown as a big, solid, grey fantasy creature. In the text Ogg is described as a concrete engine. Anna-Clara Tidholm draws an exquisite story in black pencil with a sky with accents of blue, yellow and reddish orange, depending on the weather and the time of day, also serving as a backdrop to Ogg’s growth and Lana’s emotions. A journey through a book is exactly what happens in the picturebook Knacka på, 1992 (Knock, Knock, Knock, 2009) an inventive interactive story in which the reading child goes through five doors, one red, one green, one yellow, one white and one blue, before finally arriving back at the starting point. Behind each door is a new room in which the next door is introduced, as well as figures and items playfully positioned. 130 anna-clara tidholm 131 From Lanas land (1996) anna-clara tidholm 132 From Knacka på (1992) 133 Ilon Wikland Ilon Wikland (born 1930) came to Sweden as a 14 year-old refugee from Estonia. She trained at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) and the Signe Barth Art School, and in 1954 she was commissioned to illustrate Mio min Mio (Mio, My Son) by Astrid Lindgren. Since then she has illustrated almost all of Astrid Lindgren’s books, as well as those of Edith Unnerstad and many other authors. Ilon Wikland has received the Elsa Beskow Plaque (1969), the Heffaklumpen Award (1986) and Illis Quorum (2002). Photo: Casia Bromberg Ilon Wikland portrays children, their experiences and their emotions in a masterly way. Den långa, långa resan,1995 (The Long, Long Journey), with text by Rose Lagercrantz, is a story with documentary content whose illustrations visualise memories of Ilon Wikland’s childhood, experiences and lessons learned during and after the Second World War. The tale is an intimate story of joys and sorrows in which Ilon Wikland’s soft pencil drawings encompass a lost idyll and cynical reality. The little town with its church is drawn in shimmering green, while the tanks and the raging war are in black and white. Pictures in colour stand for being alive, something the little girl Ilon epitomises in her hospital bed with coloured chalks and drawings spread all around her. Sotis: en alldeles sann historia, 2012 (Sotis: An Absolutely True Story) also conveys powerful memories. The clear colours are deftly balanced against the black and white spreads and the different perspectives create energetic movement between the soberly painted pictures. This is about the loss of a cat and the welcoming of a new one. As in the previous story, death takes centre stage here too. Ilon Wikland visualises it without beating about the bush, showing blood, hope and doubt in body language and colour. When Sessan, the first cat, has died everything is grey. But the colour returns slowly when the little black cat, named Sotis, looks in through the terrace door. Through a beautiful summer day, the little boy Olle looks for the dog Sammeli in the picturebook Var är Sammeli?, 1995 (Where is Sammeli?). This is a game of hide-and-seek that starts and ends in a leafy garden surrounded by tall pine trees. On the journey through the house in the hunt for Sammeli, who is hiding behind and under different pieces of furniture, little, delicate, visual details can be seen. In the living room the table is laid for tea, while in the mother’s room there is a bouquet of lilacs beside the mirror on the dressing table with a pearl necklace on it. In the bathroom and in Olle’s room there are drawings of a sun. The first is drawn straight onto the tiles with a red lipstick that lies beneath it on the toilet seat. The second is a drawing hanging above Olle’s bed – and both are unmistakably alike. 134 ilon wikland 135 From Dem långa, långa resan (1995) 136 ilon wikland 137 From Sotis: en alldeles sann historia (2012) Emma Virke Emma Virke (born 1974) is an illustrator, visual artist and author. She studied at the Pernby Art School, University of Kalmar and Arizona State University and has worked as a journalist, photographer and graphic designer. Her work has appeared in a number of art exhibitions. In 2009 she debuted as a children’s book illustrator with Mops, text by Eva Lindström, before publishing her own books Brevet till månen (Letter to the Moon) and Memmo och Mysen söker efter färger (Memmo and Mysen Look for Colours). She has received several awards and grants, including the Silver Award in the Association of Swedish Illustrators and Graphic Designers’ competition Kolla! 2010, a working grant from the Swedish Authors’ Fund 2010 and 2012, and funding from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee 2012. Photo: Snezana Vucetic Bohm All cats are grey in the dark, as the saying goes. Against a grey-black background the silhouette of a black cat with yellow eyes pads past on the frontispiece of this picturebook. This is an effective introduction to Emma Virke’s tale Memmo och Mysen söker efter färger, 2011 (Memmo and Mysen Look for Colours), which starts in the middle of a black night. No colours can be seen and Mysen, who thinks this is a bit scary, calls to them: “Come out then colours, if you dare.” The atmosphere is brightened with the help of a torch. It casts a beam of light over the leaves, which are a pale green. But Memmo and his soft toy Mysen have to wait for the sky to turn blue until the grey light of dawn has shifted to a purple, mauve, violet, lilac and blueberries-in-milk morning light via a fiery red sunrise. It is a sensuous story, beautifully bringing together the visual potential of linguistic expressions and the subtlety of the colours. There are also the delightful little meta-comments, such as the flag in the sand castle, in fact part of a packet of a well-known brand of liquorice, the garden gnome with his red hood and the green marzipan cakes, all of which refer to a familiar contemporary Swedish context. As do the redcurrants, the black and white magpie, the white cow parsley and the seagulls. Emma Virke also plays with the capital letters, where, for example the P in “Plötsligt slocknar lampan …” (Suddenly the torch goes out), looks up worriedly at Memmo and Mysen who are standing in the dark, fiddling with the torch. The picturebook Brevet till månen, 2010 (Letter to the Moon) incorporates similar comments from the author in the form of added details, such as a Swedish post box, the classic plastic bead necklace and the equally recognisable espresso maker, whose design inspires thoughts of a space ship – as does the Meccano. In this story Moa’s wish comes true: “Can I go to the moon?” she asks her parents who are sitting in front of the television: “No you can’t. It’s ridiculously expensive!” they answer. But she can. Moa, a girl in a checked pinafore dress with a red bow behind her ear puts on the green t-shirt and brown trousers of the astronaut and takes her letter to the moon herself. With a mixture of drawing and collage, Emma Virke finds a form of expression that simultaneously demonstrates and plays with contemporary expressions, always with a touch of humour. 138 emma virke 139 From Memmo och Mysen söker efter färger (2011) 140 emma virke 141 From Brevet till månen (2010) Stina Wirsén Stina Wirsén (born 1968) studied at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm 1985–1992. Her work as an illustrator and cartoonist contributed to giving illustration a more prominent position in the daily press in recent years, not least through her work as Chief Illustrator at the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter. Her children’s books such as the Vem?-series (Who?) have been a huge success. Awards include one from the Society of Scandinavian Illustrators 1999, the Heffaklumpen Award 2008 and the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 2000. Stina Wirsén is also a member of the Swedish Academy for Children’s Books. Photo: Ulrica Zwenger Stina Wirsén’s line drawings curve across the pages of her books in flowing curlicues and flourishes. With a single stroke the deft, graceful line forms a pattern and tells a story. The picturebook Leka tre, 2005 (Three’s a Crowd), with text by Carin Wirsén, depicts with pinpoint accuracy the complications that arise with the number three, and how treacherous made-up rules can be. What unites the girls Sara, Stina and Lina in a restricted twosome – and excludes them from a potential trio – is at first their names, then the idea of equal shares, before finally being about choice. This results in Stina, holding the trump card, deciding that Sara is allowed to be with her and Lina – as long as Stina gets to sit in the middle, that is. And in the last picture that’s precisely where we see her. The girls are superbly portrayed. On the cover Sara is wearing a striped sweater, spotty tights and socks in one colour, and has shoulder-length dead straight hair. She is tall and thin. Stina wears a flowery dress, striped tights and socks. She is chubby and has blonde curls. Lina has a fluffy sweater, spotty tights and socks in one colour. She has short hair and is the smallest. Their external characters personify the linguistic logic that Sara and Stina exert to form a two out of a three. Sara’s speech bubble is enclosed by a greenish yellow line while Stina’s line is pink. And as for Lina, she is mostly caught between the two in this lovely story about conflict. In the picturebook Vem är arg?, 2005 (Who’s Angry?) the cat wants to play with the teddy bear, who says “mine” and sticks out the tongue. The cat’s anger and frustration are clear for all to see. With ears pointing backwards, tail pointing straight out and teeth bared, the yellow body of the cat explodes beyond its black contours. The teddy bear bashes the cat over the head with a building block. The cat is very upset, crying loud howls, mouth open wide. But the cat returns to the attack, arches its back and bites the teddy bear in the leg – and now it is teddy’s turn to be very upset. This evens out the trench warfare, leading them, by way of a tall tower of building blocks, its collapse and a minor accident, to give each other a hug. And in the end no one is angry. 142 inl Leka tre 9 05-06-09, 14.26.37 “Sara and Stina begin with an S. You can only play with us if you begin with an S. Lina can’t play with us.” stina wirsén 143 From Leka tre (2005) 144 stina wirsén 145 From Vem är arg? (2005) Emelie Östergren Emelie Östergren (born 1982) studied at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm, where she obtained a Bachelor’s degree in 2007. She also travelled to Berlin on a bursary from the school. While there, she took up a placement with the comic book artist Lars Sjunnesson, and so she entered the world of comics. Her comic strips and illustrations have been published in books, anthologies, magazines and fanzines both in Sweden and abroad. Website: www.emelieostergren.se Photo: Ola Kjelbye Emelie Östergren has her very own take on the world. The book Evil Dress, 2009 contains 14 separate stories with and without text. It should perhaps be described as a pictorial story rather than a picturebook, although it is a book containing pictures. It opens and closes with a reference to Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland, a story that has slightly surreal undertones. This is a feature repeated in Emelie Östergren’s imagery, which also has Gothic influences. The subjective fantasy world that she creates is the setting for the various fragmentary tales, which offer both fear-tinged delight and melancholy insight. The story of The Dollhouse involves an attempt at communication. The bored girl in the pink dress asks the pipe-smoking dandy whether they can do something, maybe play together. This leads to her starting to move things around randomly, including the books on the bookshelf, which she builds up around her while the man smokes and smokes. In response to his silence, she sets the curtains on fire, the armchairs and a bust of an angel, yielding an immediate reaction in a torrent of insults as he tries to put out the fire. Her vain and repeated attempts to resolve the impossible situation culminate in an ambivalent ending. Both characters sit on the floor in front of a newly lit fire in the fireplace, him with his arm around her back. A similar lack of resolution can be found in the series about the two girls in white dresses with sailor collars. One girl grasps the other’s neck harder and harder, pushes her away, sets fire to her and finally puts a conciliatory arm around the scorched girl. There is always a serious undertone in the subjective choices that are made, filled as they are with an uncomfortable sense of total loneliness. Under the apparently screwball surface there is always an honest and direct story. The way that Emelie Östergren mixes the sweet with the grotesque, honesty with gallows humour, in strong and sparse images, is raw and emotional, uncomfortable and charged, offering something for adults and young people alike. 146 147 emelie östergren 148 This and previous spread: From Evil dress (2009) 149 Presentation of the Jury Andreas Berg Andreas Berg (born 1965) is an illustrator, lecturer and writer. After studying at Beckmans School of Design he spent ten years working as a press illustrator, before becoming the youngest ever Professor of Illustration at Konstfack, where he worked for ten years. Since leaving Konstfack he has been writing the history of Swedish illustration in various ways. He is also a lecturer and runs a course in illustration at Berghs School of Communication in Stockholm. Andreas Berg tends to say that illustration is an intellectual pursuit. Elina Druker Elina Druker is a researcher in literature at Stockholm University with a particular interest in picturebooks and the history of illustration. Her thesis in 2008 was on modernism in the Nordic picturebook and she has published books and articles on children’s literature in Sweden and abroad. She works as a literature critic for the national newspaper Svenska Dagbladet, is the editor of the series of books “Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition” at John Benjamins publishing company in Amsterdam and since 2011 has been a member of the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award (ALMA) jury. Ann Forslind Ann Forslind was born in Gothenburg in 1953. She has been a freelance illustrator since the mid-1970s. She made her picturebook debut in 1986. Since then she has published almost 50 titles, half of which she has written as well as illustrated. She won the Elsa Beskow Plaque in 2001. Ann Forslind is also a member of the Swedish Academy for Children’s Books and a lecturer in illustration at Konstfack (University College of Arts, Craft and Design). Note: Ann Forslind participated in the discussion on the focus and theme but since she is one of the selected illustrators she declared a conflict of interest and did not participate in the final selection. Gunna Grähs Gunna Grähs (born 1954) trained at Konstfack in Stockholm. She is active as an illustrator, designer and picturebook writer, including her own series HejHej (Hello There). Since making her debut in 1982 with Jullan vill vara med (Jullan Wants to Come Too), text by Kjell Johansson, Gunna Grähs has published over 50 titles, mainly picturebooks with text by herself and others, but also comics and nonfiction books. Awards include the Adamson Statuette, the Elsa Beskow Plaque, Expressen’s Heffaklumpen Award for children’s literature and the Kulla-Gulla Prize. Note: Gunna Grähs participated in the discussion on the focus and theme but since she is one of the selected illustrators she declared a conflict of interest and did not participate in the final selection. 150 Dag Hernried Publisher Dag Hernried has owned the publishing house Alfabeta Bokförlag for almost 35 years. Alfabeta Bokförlag publishes books for all ages, from children to adults. Having grown up with a librarian and a photographer as parents, he has a keen interest in how to tell stories through a combination of text and pictures. Picturebooks have therefore always been a key element of Alfabeta’s output. Dag Hernried sees the international side of his work, the extensive contact with colleagues in other countries, as hugely important and inspiring – both as a way to embrace new influences and to spread the work of our outstanding authors and illustrators around the globe. Kristina Hoas Kristina Hoas founded and runs the publishing company Alvina, which publishes ecolabelled children’s and young adult literature, with a focus on picturebooks. Since her first job at the textbook publisher Liber Utbildning in 1994, Kristina has worked with books in many roles for several different publishers – always with high quality, storytelling illustrations as an important component. Kristina Hoas is also a guest lecturer on the picturebook course held every autumn at HDK – School of Design and Crafts at the University of Gothenburg. Note: Kristina Hoas participated in the discussion on the focus and theme but declared a conflict of interest and did not participate in the final selection. Isabella Nilsson Isabella Nilsson is director of the Gothenburg Museum of Art and was previously director of Millesgården, Uppsala Art Museum and Mölndal Art Museum. She has lectured in picture analysis and comics on a range of courses in the visual arts. As culture editor at the newspaper GT and former editor-in-chief of the art magazine Paletten and art reviewer for newspaper Göteborgsposten – she has also written articles about children’s book illustration and comics. Ulla Rhedin Ulla Rhedin (born 1946) received her PhD in literature with her thesis Bilderboken – på väg mot en teori, 1992, 2001 (The Picturebook – Towards a Theory). Active as a researcher, lecturer and writer in Sweden and the Nordic countries, for many years she led the interdisciplinary university course Children and Literature, and was the picturebook critic for national newspaper Dagens Nyheter for thirty years. She is one of the editors of a book examining the picturebook as a work of art in a Nordic context (to be published in autumn 2013), in which she advocates that the term “illustration” should be replaced by “narrative picturebook picture” and that the picturebook can be seen as an independent, aesthetic, verbovisual medium with a theoretical home in the intermedial field of research. Ulla Rhedin is also a member of the jury for the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award (ALMA), since 2002. Åsa Warnqvist Åsa Warnqvist received her PhD in literature in 2007 and holds a postdoctoral position at Stockholm University. She has a special interest in children’s literature, and she is the editor of the only Swedish academic journal on children’s literature, Barnboken (Journal of Children’s Literature Research). She has published articles on current trends in Swedish children’s literature, on Swedish picturebook artist Pija Lindenbaum, and on Canadian writer L. M. Montgomery (internationally renowned for her Anne of the Green Gables book series), as well as editing a volume of Swedish reading responses to Montgomery’s fiction. Warnqvist is also a critic and former editor of children’s literature in the Swedish daily newspaper Svenska Dagbladet. 151 Birgitta Westin Birgitta Westin has been a publisher at Rabén & Sjögren since 1999 and was previously employed at Natur & Kultur, Bonnier Carlsen and Alfabeta. She primarily publishes original Swedish books – picturebooks, non-fiction and anthologies – and works with several of Sweden’s foremost authors and illustrators, sometimes also with foreign copyright holders, including, this year, Benjamin Chaud and Kitty Crowther. In 1993 she was a member of the international jury for the Illustrators Exhibition at the Bologna Bookfair. Birgitta Westin has lectured on the modern Swedish picturebook in many international contexts and has also given lectures on the life and work of Astrid Lindgren. These include a speech at the Swedish-Chinese children’s book symposium at the World Expo in Shanghai 2010, and lectures in a series of seminars on the Swedish children’s book at the Swedish Embassy in Tokyo. Emma Adbåge Pija Lindenbaum Lisen Adbåge Eva Lindström Siri Ahmed Backström Sara Lundberg Anna Bengtsson Jan Lööf Ida Björs Jockum Nordström Karin Cyrén Sven Nordqvist Clara Dackenberg Klara Persson Helena Davidsson Charlotte Ramel Neppelberg Matilda Ruta Eva Eriksson Lena Sjöberg Ann Forslind Pernilla Stalfelt Gunna Grähs Anna-Clara Tidholm Joanna Hellgren Ilon Wikland Anna Höglund Emma Virke Maria Jönsson Stina Wirsén Olof Landström Emelie Östergren