Indicators

Town of Oakville
S TATE OF T H E E NV I R ON ME N T R E P ORT 20 1 3
Table of contents
1.
Introduction
1
2.
Indicators
2
Goal 1: To sustain and enhance our natural environment
2
Greenspace and biodiversity
Air quality
Water quality
Climate change
Goal 2: To reduce our resource consumption and waste
7
production
Energy conservation
Solid waste
Water conservation
Goal 3: To establish and support an environmentally friendly
10
transportaton network
Transit
Transportation choices
Goal 4: To create and support a healthy resilient community
12
Community health & green space access
Green development
Goal 5: To foster environmental stewardship through education 15
and community involvement
Outreach and education
EcoSchools
Goal 6: To lead in applying the best environmental 17
management practices Innovative environmental programs
Environmental Strategic Plan
3.
Conclusion 19
4. What you can do 20
5. Resources 22
6. Note for educators
23
State of the Environment Report 2013
1
Introduction
Background
In December 2005, Council approved the town’s first Environmental Strategic
Plan (ESP). This document was developed in partnership with the community
and updated in 2011. One of the recommendations of the ESP was to develop
a state of the environment reporting
system. In 2008 the town published its
first State of the Environment Report
(SOER), and 2013 marks the sixth
edition.
This Report, like most State of the
Environment Reports, uses indicators.
An indicator is a measurable thing, fact
or tool that analyzes something specific
to gain an understanding of something
Town staff participate in a number of
general.
They can help evaluate
events each year to support environmental complex systems. For example, CO
2
outreach into the community.
emissions are an indicator of global
warming. While there are many causes Ongoing restoration of the Glenorchy
Conservation Area in north Oakville
of global warming, scientific research has shown a direct link exists between
includes a series of constructed
increasing CO2 emissions and increasing global average temperatures.
wetlands to support a variety of
species.
Therefore, looking at global CO2 emissions will provide an indication of human
related effects on global temperatures. Similarly, looking at a creek’s water quality and flow (quantity) provides
an indication of that river’s overall health, and looking at airborne pollutant emissions provides an indication of
air quality.
As we increase our baseline data, we can start to see trends which will help us
determine the best programs and actions needed to improve our performance.
Welcome!
This is the sixth edition of the SOER.
In 2013, the Oakville Museum
hosted an interactive exhibit on the
importance of water to the community.
We hope you will find the information in this report useful. Together, we can
make a difference and we hope you will join us in finding ways to improve
Oakville’s environment.
1 State of the Environment Report 2013
2
Indicators
GOAL 1: To Sustain and Enhance Our Natural Environment
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
To protect and enhance our biodiversity
To protect and enhance our urban forest
To protect and enhance our waterways
To protect and enhance our air quality
To increase ecological landscaping on private and public property
To reduce and manage the impacts of climate change
has been in decline. It is expected this trend will
continue as population continues to increase and
land acquisition opportunities are limited.
2440
2420
2400
2380
m2 Greenspace
Objectives
2360
2340
2320
2300
2280
2260
Indicators
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Publicly owned green space (total and per capita)
Trees planted by town staff
Ground level ozone (annual average)
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceedances
Total suspended solids
Mean chloride in creeks
Mean phosphorus in creeks
Annual precipitation
Annual average temperature (winter/summer)
Key Data
Greenspace and Biodiversity
Protecting and enhancing Oakville’s greenspace is
important in sustaining our flora and fauna. Publicly
owned land provides opportunities for protection and
restoration to support biodiversity.
As shown in Figure 1 and Table 1, publicly owned
greenspace is increasing, although with increasing
population our per capita amount of greenspace
2240
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 1: Publicly owned greenspace
Source: Town of Oakville, Conservation Halton, Province of Ontario
In 2012, 9 hectares of publicly owned greenspace
was added by the town. As of 2012, Oakville’s land
base of 138.5 km2 is comprised of 17.5% publicly
owned greenspace.
Table 1: Green space in the Town of Oakville
Year
Town
(ha)
Province
(ha)
Conservation Halton
(ha)
Total
(ha)
2012
1,444
969
10
2,423
2011
1,435
969
10
2,414
2010
1,422
969
10
2,401
2009
1,421
969
10
2,400
2008
1,418
969
10
2,397
2007
1,355
969
10
2,334
2006
1,332
969
0
2,301
Note: Municipally owned greenspace includes community and neighbourhood
parks, tableland woodlots, valleys, and undeveloped parkland. Provincial
holdings include Glenorchy Conservation Area and Bronte Creek Provincial
Park. Conservation Halton has Wildflower Woods.
State of the Environment Report 2013 2
To maintain a healthy tree population, it is important
to continusouly plant new trees to ensure the
replacement of old and dying ones. This is particularly
important in the face of threats such as Emerald Ash
Borer (EAB) and other invasive species.
As shown in Table 2, between 2007 and 2012, town
staff have planted a total of 10,546 trees. In addition,
volunteers make significant contributions to the
urban forest, with approximately 2,900 trees and
shrubs planted in 2012.
Health Canada assessment report documents toxicity
for sensitive aquatic species at 210 mg/L.
TSS can negatively impact aquatic life, including
fish, by smothering smaller organisms and eggs,
clogging gills and removing oxygen from the water.
With more intense rainfall events, it is expected
that TSS levels will generally increase in the future
without intervention such as increased erosion
control measures.
400.0
Suspended Solids (mg/L)
As outlined in the town’s Urban Forest report
(UFORE), trees filter air pollutants and produce
oxygen. They provide shelter and food for wildlife
and can assist in offsetting impacts from climate
change. In recognition of the benefits trees provide,
the town has set a goal to achieve a canopy cover of
40% by 2057.
350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
16 Mi
150.0
14 Mi
100.0
Bronte
50.0
0.0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
There are no Provincial Water Quality Objectives for suspended solids
Table 2: Trees planted by Oakville Forestry Staff
Year
Trees Planted
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
1,733
994
1,497
3,130
1,898
1,294
Total suspended solids (TSS) consist of fine particles
of matter found in waterways. These particles are
significant carriers of phosphorus, metals, and other
hazardous contaminants. Soil erosion and runoff are
the most common sources of suspended solids and
TSS levels can increase rapidly during storm events.
Although there are no established standards for
suspended solids, a 2001 Environment Canada/
Figure 2: Total suspended solids in Oakville creeks
Source: Conservation Halton
Air Quality
Both ground level ozone and PM2.5 (fine particulate
matter measuring less than 2.5 microns) have been
linked to serious health concerns. Ground level
ozone is also responsible for the majority of the
smog advisories experienced in the town. According
to Health Canada, the health reference level for
PM2.5 is 15ug/m³ and 80 ppb for ozone. These levels
have been found to demonstrate quantifiable health
impacts in some populations.
Ozone is a secondary air pollutant that is formed when
nitrogen oxides (NOx) react with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.
Therefore, ozone levels tend to vary considerably in
response to varying weather conditions.
3 State of the Environment Report 2013
during the economic recession in 2009, there was
an upward trend, followed by a drop in 2012. Local
improvements to reduce air emissions by facilities in
Oakville may have contributed to these results.
30
20
15
10
5
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Figure 3: Annual average ground level ozone in Oakville
Source: Ministry of the Environment
With hotter summers and more cars on the road
ozone is expected to trend upwards, however, stable
levels have been generally observed as shown in
Figure 3. According to the Ontario Ministry of the
Envrionment, it is estimated that during periods of
widespread elevated levels of ozone more than 50 per
cent of Ontario’s ground-level ozone comes from the
U.S.
Number of 24 Hr Exceedances
PM2.5 is produced when fuels and coal are burned or
when other air pollutants react with compounds in
the atmosphere. As shown in Figure 4, since 2005
there has generally been a decreasing trend in PM2.5
levels in part likely due to the decomissioning of
coal plants in the province. Since the low point seen
Phosphorus is a significant water quality issue in
Oakville and a major cause of algae blooms. Sources
include lawn fertilizers, atmospheric deposition,
automobile exhaust, soil erosion, animal waste,
detergents and wastewater treatment plant discharges.
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
16 Mi
0.06
14 Mi
0.04
Bronte
0.02
0
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Year
70
Provincial Water Quality Objective for Phosphorus is 0.03mg/L
60
Figure 5: Mean phosphorus levels in Oakville creeks
Source: Conservation Halton
50
40
As shown in Figure 5, in 2012, phosphorus levels in
the 14 Mile and 16 Mile Creeks were above PWQO
standards. Bronte Creek fell below the PWQO
standards, continuing the declining trend since 2010.
30
20
10
0
Water Quality
Chloride and phosphorus concentrations are
important to monitor since these reflect impacts
from runoff such as road salts and fertilizers. The
Provincial Water Quality Objective (PWQO) for
phosphorus to limit excessive plant growth is 0.03
mg/L. For chloride, the PWQO is 250 mg/L.
Total Phosphorus (mg/L)
Annual Average O3 (ppb)
25
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Figure 4: Annual 24 hour exceedance above 15ug/m3 of PM2.5.
Source: Ministry of the Environment
Chloride levels in creeks are impacted as a result
of road salting during winter months. As shown in
State of the Environment Report 2013 4
temperatures. By taking the average temperature
in the summer months (June, July, August) and the
winter months (December, January and February)
we can better evaluate variations that occur.
300
25
250
20
200
150
16 Mi
100
14 Mi
15
10
5
Bronte
50
0
Temperature (°C)
Chloride mg/L
Figure 6, chloride levels remain below the PWQO
of 250 mg/L. Significant improvements to salt
use in winter months and warmer winters may be
contributing to these generally positive results.
0
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Year
Figure 8: Oakville’s average summer
temperature Source: Environment Canada
*Provincial Water Quality Objective for Chloride is 250 mg/L
Figure 6: Mean chloride levels in Oakville creeks
Source: Conservation Halton
Climate Change
Climate change is expected to lead to greater
variations in our weather patterns and an increase in
extreme weather events. By measuring rainfall and
temperature, we can evaluate some of the changes
that are taking place over time.
Generally, the trend toward warmer summers and
lower annual precipitation in Oakville is consistent
with what is being seen throughout the province; 2012
saw a decrease in precipitation over 2011 (Figures
7 and 8). There has also been a trend of increasing
winter temperatures since 2007 (Figure 9).
2
1200
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
1000
Precipitation (mm)
1
Temperature (°C)
Averaging annual temperatures may mask the
information that would illustrate climate change
impacts as it is expected to produce more extreme
-5
-6
800
-7
600
Figure 9: Oakville’s average winter
temperature Source: Environment Canada
400
200
0
Year
Figure 7: Oakville’s annual precipitation
Source: Environment Canada
5 It is important to distinguish between weather and
climate. Weather is highly variable and changes
from year to year. Climate looks at average weather
patterns over decades or centuries to see what trends
are occurring.
State of the Environment Report 2013
While we are tracking weather
from year to year, it will take
some time to see what changes
in the local climate are occurring.
Years with incomplete weather
data have been excluded in the
charts.
What we are doing
Volunteer groups such as
Oakvillegreen/Ground
Breakers, Field and Stream
Rescue Team and Evergreen contribute
significantly to town tree and shrub
plantings. On September 25th, 500 trees
were planted at Oakville Park in
celebration of National Tree Day.
Oakville Park is a prime site for forest
regeneration as part of the town’s EAB
management program.
Funding was provided
by the town to support In 2013, Oakville initiated a road
ecology strategy to help decrease the
A by-law to assess and control
the
development
of
impact of roads on wildlife.
major emissions of PM2.5 in
a two hectare wetland in the
Oakville was passed in 2010 by
Glenorchy Conservation Area by
Town
Council.
At
that time, there were 13 major
Conservation Halton. The first phase of work was
emitters. As of 2013, seven facilities reduced or recompleted in 2013 and ongoing restoration efforts
evaluated their emissions to below the major
are being undertaken.
emission thresholds and six existing major
emitters remain. Four facilities have submitted
The Fourteen Mile
their application for approval under the by-law
Creek
Rehabilitation
and two facilities are engaged in the Major
Project (Rebecca Street
Emission Reduction Strategy process, with an
to Kinoak Arena) includes
expected reduction in their emissions below
enhancement of the fish habitat
major emission thresholds in 2014.
downstream near Lakeshore
Road.
Construction
completed in September.
was
The town is undertaking a Sediment
Management
Study to take a
As part of its beaver management
comprehensive
approach
to investigating
The Town of Oakville program, the town protects trees
has
identified
and from damage as a preventive the main sources of sediment within the
measure.
watersheds draining to both Oakville and Bronte
mapped public (townharbours. To learn more about the study and
owned) trees in Oakville in order to create a tree
upcoming public presentations, visit the town’s
inventory. This has helped to identify approximately
website at www.oakville.ca/culturerec/sediment2,500 trees which are being treated to protect against
management-study.html
the Emerald Ash Borer. To see the results and
whether the public ash trees in your neighbourhood
are receiving treatment, please visit www.oakville.
ca/residents/ash-tree-locator-map.html
State of the Environment Report 2013 6
GOAL 2: To Reduce Our Resource Consumption and Waste
Production
Objectives
Electricity Consumption (MW)
2.1
To reduce dependence on fossil fuels
2.2
To reduce energy use and greenhouse gas
emissions
2.3
To reduce waste and increase recycling and reuse
2.4
To reduce our water consumption
3,700
Energy Conservation
By tracking the amount of energy used by the
community, we will be able to assess our energy
efficiency over time, and where improvements can
be made. We also need to look at reducing the impact
of our energy production.
From Figure 10, we can see that per capita energy use
has generally declined over the past several years,
which may be due in part to extensive campaigns
aimed at reducing energy use. Although this trend
showed a slight increase in 2012, this is considered
minor at a total of less than a two percent change.
7 3,300
3,200
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 10: Per capita electricity consumption
Source: Oakville Hydro
Natural gas consumption is another component of our
energy use. Natural gas is the main source of energy
for residential heating in Oakville.
m3 Natural Gas Consumed
Key Data
3,400
Year
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
-
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Figure 11: Residential per capita natural gas consumption
Source: Union Gas
160,000
140,000
120,000
Gas Used (1,000 m3)
Electricity use per capita
Natural gas use per capita
Natural gas use per sector
Waste to landfill and diverted
Residential waste generated per capita
Water consumption per capita
Industrial, commercial & institutional water use
3,500
3,100
Indicators
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3,600
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
-
2006
2007
Industrial
2008
2009
Commercial
2010
2011
2012
Residential
Figure 12: Natural gas consumption by sector
Source: Oakville Hydro
State of the Environment Report 2013 Solid Waste
The amount of waste diverted from landfills provides
a measure of the effectiveness of our efforts to
reduce, reuse and recycle. Waste going to landfills
indicates the degree to which resources are wasted.
The amount generated per capita helps to show the
public’s participation in reducing their waste.
As shown in Figure 13, per capita residential waste
generation has remained relatively steady at around
350 kg per person, although waste diverted increased
in 2008 when Halton Region introduced composting
through the Green Bin program. While the
introduction of the green bin has helped consumers
reduce the amount of waste going to landfill, overall
our generation of waste materials has not significantly
changed over the past several years.
Table 3: Oakville waste to landfill and diverted (Tonnnes)
Year
Landfill (T) Diverted (T)
Total (T)
2012
27,882
36,281
64,163
2011
27,717
36,062
63,779
2010
28,402
36,843
65,245
2009
36,076
27,907
63,983
2008
29,317
34,540
63,857
2007
39,352
22,456
61,808
2006
40,635
24,301
64,937
As our population increases, the amount of waste
being generated also increases unless we reduce our
per capita use. Options to improve our performance
would be to reduce our overall consumption or
increase our recycling and waste diversion rates.
450.0
400.0
350.0
300.0
Kgs waste per capita
As shown in Figures 11 and 12 consumption
decreased in all three sectors. Weather can impact
gas use in the residential sector which may have
been a factor in 2012 as winter temperatures were
substantially higher than average.
250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
2005
2006
2007
2008
Waste to landfill
2009
2010
2011
2012
Waste diverted
Figure 13: Residential per capita waste and recycling
Source: Halton Region
Water Conservation
Efficient use of water is good for the environment as
it reduces our impact on water resources and reduces
the energy required to treat and transport the water
for our use. It is also good for cost avoidance because
it is cheaper to conserve water than it is to build new
treatment capacity. Studies show that water efficiency
measures can cost less than new infrastructure to
provide the same amount of water.
Table 4: Oakville residential water consumption
(Millions of Litres)
Year
Millions of Litres
Year
2012
2011
2010
2009
160.0
Data not available
151.5
150.3
2008
2007
2006
2005
Millions of
Litres
149.3
165.2
151.7
163.3
Despite a population increase of 12.2% since 2005,
total residential water use has not changed much
over time although per capita use has gone down
significantly, particularly since 2007 (Figure 14).
Several factors may contribute to this trend, including
the continued water reduction strategies put in
place by Halton Region and town. These include
the Outdoor Water Use Education Program and the
State of the Environment Report 2013 8
annual rain barrel sale held each spring. Water use
in the industrial, commercial and institutional sectors
has remained fairly constant (Figure 15).
Water Consumption (Litres)
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Figure 14: Residential water consumption per capita
Source: Figure 14 uses water data from Halton Region and is converted
to per capita data using population estimates from the Town of Oakville.
The calculation uses estimates therefore, this data may not be accurate
and is meant to support only a trend analysis.
Water Consumption (Million Litres)
70
60
What we are doing
In partnership with Oakville Hydro Energy
Services Inc., the town installed a 60 kW
solar energy system on the roof at town
hall in 2012. The installation includes 260 panels,
which can power as many as 15 homes. The power
generated by the array is returned to the grid and not
used exclusively by Town Hall.
On April 1, 2013 Halton Region introduced
new Blue Box materials and provided access
to larger Blue Boxes for residents. Garbage
collection has been reduced to three bags or less, every
other week. Those who require more than three bags
require a garbage tag. Residents are now diverting 60
per cent of residential waste away from the landfill,
increasing its operating lifespan from 2023 to 2032.
As of 2012, Town Hall has about an 82%
waste diversion rate. Currently 7% of all
waste goes to landfill. 58% of the diverted
waste is composted and 35% is recycled.
50
40
30
20
10
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Figure 15: Industrial/Commercial/Institutional water
consumption Source: Halton Region
The trend towards hotter and drier summers can
contribute to increased water use and it will be
particularly important in coming years to monitor
this potential scenario. Note that water consumption
data for 2011 is not currently available.
9 Town employees participating in Waste
Reduction Week Activities
State of the Environment Report 2013 GOAL 3: To Establish and Support an Environmentally Friendly
Transportaton Network
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
To enhance public transportation within and connecting to Oakville
To support bike and walking path infrastructure and connectivity
To encourage the use of alternative modes of transportation
To promote and use transportation demand management (TDM)
Figure 16. Ridership over a 12 month period is now
at approximately 3 million, however this has now
stabilized and levels remained steady in 2012.
18
Passenger Trips per Person
Objectives
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
•
•
•
•
Oakville Transit trips per capita
Oakville Transit net cost per passenger trip
Population growth vs vehicle ownership
Personal vehicle registrations
Key Data
Transit
We are measuring the number of times a year, on
average, residents take Oakville Transit and the cost
per passenger trip.
Generally, buses are more fuel efficient than
automobiles. Burning one litre of gasoline generates
two kgs of carbon dioxide (CO2). Using a conservative
estimate, the average car commuter generates at least
3,300 kg of CO2/year.
In 2009 Oakville Transit introduced new route
designs and numerous service improvements which
have resulted in increased ridership as shown in
State of the Environment Report 2013 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Figure 16: Oakville Transit passenger trips per capita
Source: Town of Oakville
As seen in Figure 17, while operating costs have
increased due to rising labour, service and fuel costs,
the trend has levelled since 2009. Initiatives such
as alternative fuel/hybrid buses, increased ridership
strategies and partnerships with organizations such as
Halton Region and Sheridan College will contribute
to further stabilizing of costs in the future.
Cost per Passenger Trip
Indicators
2005
$9.00
$8.00
$7.00
$6.00
$5.00
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$0.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Figure 17: Oakville Transit net cost per passenger trip
Source: Town of Oakville
10
30%
% Growth
25%
20%
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
2010
2012
Figure 19: Personal vehicle registrations in Halton
15%
Source: Ontario Ministry of Transportation
10%
and another 30 kilometres was completed in 2012.
5%
0%
Number of vehicles licensed
Transportation Choices
Transportation choices depend on commuting
distance, accessibility of alternative transportation
modes such as bicycle lanes and the success of
options such as Transportation Demand Management
(TDM).
2005
2006
2007
2008
Cars
2009
2010
2011
2012
Population
Figure 18: Population growth vs vehicle ownership in Halton
In total, 266 kilometres of cycling, sidewalk and
multi-use trails projects have been proposed through
the ATMP to be completed by 2019.
Source: Ontario Ministry of Transportation
Cars can provide an easy means of travel, however
their cost economically and environmentally is high.
According to Statistics Canada, 80% of residents use
a personal vehicle for their commute. Figure 18
shows the relationship between population and
vehicle ownership. The data shows that per capita car
growth has generally outpaced population growth.
As seen in Figure 19, this means the overall number
of personal vehicles in Halton continues to rise. In
2009, the town developed an Active Transportation
Master Plan (ATMP). This sets out a plan for
increasing the accessibility and use of alternative
transportation modes such as walking and bicycling.
To continue to support a desired level of active
transportation (cycling and walking), approximately
31 kilometres of active transportation facilities (i.e.
on-road cycle lanes, signed cycle routes, multi-use
trails) were implemented within the town in 2011
What we are doing
The town continues to implement a multiyear prioritized road shoulder paving program
and create dedicated cycle paths that support
the Active Transportation Master Plan (ATMP)
by providing infrastructure for alternate modes of
transportation. Other actions such as the installation
of bicycle stands along Lakeshore Road further
promote active transportation.
The 2013 Clean Air Commute was held
from June 17 to 23 with 190 signed up to
participate. Together, by walking, biking,
using transit, carpooling and ensuring our
cars were properly tuned-up town staff avoided
producing over 3.21 tonnes of pollutants.
11 State of the Environment Report 2013
GOAL 4: To Create and Support a Healthy Resilient Community
Objectives
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
To improve the health and safety of Oakville’s neighbourhoods
To foster and sustain an environmentally
sustainable urban form
To support green building practices
To support outdoor recreational opportunities in Oakville
Indicators
• Adopt-a-Park (hectares)
• Adopt-a-Trail (kilometres)
• Community garden plot rentals
• Outdoor recreational facility space per 1,000 people
• Kms of trails per 1,000 people
• Housing completions
• Building Permits (Gross Floor Area) issued
for residents who might not have access to land. It
also offers social opportunities and produce may be
donated to foodshare programs, which creates even
further benefits. An extensive body of research exists
demonstrating the direct link between a healthy
environment and human health.
There are approximately 31 kilometres of trails and
1,420 hectares of parkland available for adoption. As
can be seen in Table 5, the amount of adopted land
has remained relatively stable. In 2012 the number of
people involved in these programs increased overall
as shown in Table 5.
Table 5: Oakville's "Adopt-a" programs
Adopt-a Park
Year
Area (ha)
2012
185.22
2011
208
2010
212
2009
195.5
2008
Key Data
46
Adopt-a-Trail
Community Health & Green Space Access
We are measuring indicators for initiatives that will
result in more ecologically friendly neighbourhoods.
These include community garden plots, access to
open space, the Adopt-a-Trail and the Adopt-a-Park
programs.
These indicators reflect some of the elements that
create visually pleasing and environmentally friendly
landscapes. For example, community gardens offer
opportunities for urban agriculture and beautification
187.7
Participants
56
49
46
42
Year
Length (kms)
Participants
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
80.31
82
71.57
67.22
75.8
103
89
83
78
83
Community garden plots are also available through
the town and Bronte Creek Provincial Park. For a
fee, residents can rent a plot of land on an annual
State of the Environment Report 2013 12
basis. As shown in Figure 20, in 2012 a total of 189
plots were available at four locations. As population
increases and there is a greater focus on “local food”,
it is likely future demand will increase.
increasing population and the greater focus in recent
years on adding indoor sports facilities for soccer
and skating rather than more amenities for outdoor
activities.
200
1.8
180
1.6
160
Total Length (km)
Plots Rented
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Plots rented
Plots not rented
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2005
2006
2007
2008 2009
Year
2010
2011
2012
Figure 20: Community garden plot rentals in Oakville
Figure 22: Total kms trails per 1,000 people
Oakville has over 2,423 hectares of publicly owned
greenlands. In surveys conducted by the town, these
resources are consistently cited by residents as a
cherished amenity.
Trails are another important amenity that connect
people with the outdoors. Oakville has one of the
most extensive trail systems per capita in Ontario.
Despite Oakville’s growing population, annual
additions of trail infrastructure have allowed for an
increase in trail availability (Figure 22).
Source: Town of Oakville and Ministry of Natural Resources
700
Source: Town of Oakville
Facility Space (m2)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Figure 21: Outdoor recreational facility space per 1,000
Source: Town of Oakville
Our outdoor recreational facility space includes built
structures for community recreation and leisure such
as tennis courts, splash pads and outdoor swimming
pools. Outdoor recreational facilities per capita have
have remained stable (Figure 21), in part due to
13 During the past year Parks and Open Space staff
have been working with a consultant in order to
inventory the trail system, which has resulted in
better information on the total kilometres. In 2012,
based on work done with the consultant, a major
recalculation was done in GIS, which resulted in the
number of kilometres for the trail system increasing
significantly from 2011 (223 km) to 2012 (312 km).
Green Development
Denser development, if planned appropriately, uses
fewer resources, is transit friendly and supports a
vibrant community. Ensuring an appropriate mix of
housing is important in protecting our environment.
In 2012, there were 1,331 housing completions in
State of the Environment Report 2013 Building permits for residential floor space declined
in 2012 to near 2009 levels.
800,000
700,000
Gross Floor Area (m2)
Oakville, of which 576 (43.3%) were singles, 284
(21.3%) were row dwellings (townhouses), and
apartment completions peaked at 471 (35.4%). As
shown in Figure 23, since 2002 housing densities
have been moving away from single family to more
dense forms. There were 4,953 completions between
2008-2012 (25.6% of the total completions in the
Region).
600,000
Institutional
500,000
Industrial
400,000
Commercial
Residential
300,000
200,000
100,000
Oakville Housing Completions by Type as % of Annual
Total
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 24: Oakville building permits issued
70%
Housing Completions (%)
2006
Year
80%
Source: Town of Oakville
60%
50%
What we are doing
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Single Detached
Townhouses
Apartments
Figure 23: Oakville housing completions
Source: Canada Mortgage & Housing Corp.
2013.
With the popularity of the town’s community
garden plot program, an additional 22 new
plots were opened at Kingsford Gardens in
The Halton Regional Official Plan (ROPA 38)
introduced a housing density target for new housing,
stating that at least 50% of new housing units produced
annually in Halton be in the form of townhouses or
multi-storey buildings. Depending on the lot size and
type, townhouse densities can rival that of high rise
densities and can also offer more affordable housing
choices.
Environmental Policy and Parks and Open
Space are working with members of the
Oakville Horticulture Society to develop
demonstration eco-lawns and daffodil meadows in
some of Oakville’s parks. These projects promote
alternative options to high maintenance traditional
landscapes (e.g. Eco-lawn; a no-mow, no water
alternative to turf grass). The first gardens are
expected to be in place in 2014.
As shown in Figure 24, during the economic downturn
in 2009, construction starts declined considerably
however, this has improved each year since and in
2012, the biggest gains were seen in the commercial
and institutional sectors. In the institutional sector,
the new Oakville Hospital made the greatest impact
and commercial investments in expanded floor space
have resulted in an additional 1,230 jobs in Oakville.
Coyotes play an important role in a healthy
ecosystem and can be found throughout
Oakville. To reduce conflict situations,
the town has developed a comprehensive coyote
management program has provided wildlife proofing
information sessions to help residents “live with”
wildlife. For more information, please visit www.
oakville.ca/environment/featured-wildlife.html
State of the Environment Report 2013
14
GOAL 5: To Foster Environmental Stewardship Through
Education and Community Involvement
5.1
To support and enhance a public education strategy to increase
environmental awareness and stewardship
5.2
To support and enhance programs to increase environmental awareness and
stewardship
5.3
To support and enhance the town’s
environmental indicators and monitoring programs
Indicators
• Environmental Policy department outreach and education activities
• Oakville certified EcoSchools
Key Data
Outreach and Education
Education and outreach programs are key components
supporting increasing our community’s awareness
of environmental issues. Monitoring the number of
environmentally related public outreach events that
are put on by the town each year help assess the town’s
efforts in raising the profile of the environment and
identifying the need for stewardship with residents
and businesses.
As shown in Figure 25, the town holds a significant
number of outreach events. While the number of
events attended has declined over time, the scale of
the events hosted has been increasing, creating better
15 efficiencies with staff resources and numbers of
people reached per event. In addition, the town has
developed working parternsips with groups such as
OakvilleGreen and Evergreen to deliver programs to
the community.
Environmental Energy Outreach and Education
Activities
120
Staff Education
100
Number of Activities
Objectives
80
Community and
School Presentations
60
Community Outreach
Events
40
Town-hosted
Conferences
20
Town-based
Awareness and
Outreach Programs
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 25: Environmental Policy department
outreach Source: Town of Oakville
EcoSchools
The EcoSchools program considers the environmental
management and education in schools. School
boards designed this program to incorporate
environmentally friendly actions within the school
setting. A full outline of this program is available at
www.ontarioecoschools.org
For the 2012-2013 school year, a total of 16 Oakville
schools were certified, down slightly from 2011.
A total of 7 schools achieved Gold status and 9
achieved Silver. The decrease is likely due to a
number of issues related to educational employment
issues in 2012/2013 and changes to the EcoSchool
certification criteria.
State of the Environment Report 2013 Number of Schools Certified
45
40
35
30
Gold
25
Silver
20
Bronze
15
10
5
0
20052006
20062007
20072008
20082009
20092010
Year
20102011
20112012
20122013
Figure 26: Oakville EcoSchools
Source: Halton District School Board and Halton Catholic
District School Board
Individual schools continue to make efforts and these
are celebrated each year at the EcoSchool celebrations
which are held in October and hosted by Halton
Region. This event recognizes the achievements of
Halton’s schools as many positive changes have been
realized through the EcoSchool program.
What we are doing
Oakville Public Library and Environmental
Policy have developed an environmentally
themed back pack borrowing program. There
are 24 backpacks containing books and activities on
four environmental themes — wildlife/biodiversity;
climate change; waste management; and energy. The
backpacks are available at all six library branches.
The target audience is children aged seven to 12,
elementary school teachers and interested families.
Twelve more backpacks, covering two more
environmental themes (sustainable transportation
and water conservation), will be available early in
2014.
Environmental Policy is working with
Recreation and Culture to promote ways
to green community events. For more
information, including ways in which residents can
reduce waste, water and energy at their community
events, please visit www.oakville.ca/environment/
greening-your-event.html
Environmental Policy staff could be seen at
several town and community events such
as Midnight Madness, Farmers’ Markets,
Waterfront Festival and more throughout the summer
months. The water bar was made available at many
of these community programs and has already been
reserved for use at 2014 events.
Environmental Policy helped to coordinate
and deliver the seventh annual Halton
Children’s Water Festival at Kelso
Conservation Area between September 24 and 27.
This year, the festival featured activities in French,
with French elementary and secondary students in
attendance.
In October, the town partnered with
Conservation Halton for the second Halton
F o r e s t
Festival
held
at
Rattlesnake
Point
Conservation Area.
Based on the highly
successful
Halton
Children’s
Water
Festival
model,
this event provided
hands-on forestry and Public day at the Halton
biodiversity themed
Forest Festival
educational activities
for Halton students in grades six and seven.
State of the Environment Report 2013 16
GOAL 6: To Lead in Applying the Best Environmental
Management Practices
Objectives
6.1
6.2
To be leaders in research, development
and implementation of innovative environmental programs
Promote partnerships with local
businesses, schools and organizations
Indicators
• Towards Zero Waste
• Sustainable Green Fleet
• Sustainable Purchasing
• Environmental Strategic Plan implementation status
Key data
The town has incorporated a number of innovative
environmental programs. Tracking the progress of
these programs provides insight into their value and
the importance of making changes to town operations
to assist in making them more sustainable.
Towards Zero Waste
The Towards Zero Waste procedure was implemented
in 2009 and is a comprehensive waste reduction
strategy for the town’s operations. In 2013, the
Recycling Council of Ontario presented the town with
a silver level Ontario Waste Minimization Award.
As a result of the Towards Zero Waste program,
a number of achievements have been realized as
shown in Table 6.
17 Table 6: Towards Zero Waste achievements
Since 2004, town staff have recycled 2,000 kgs of batteries
and over 400 cell phones through the Call2Recycle program.
Additionally, to date in 2013, Oakville has sent 985 pounds
of expired electronic materials to be recycled by OEM Corp.
Over 200 pounds of wine corks were collected for the Jelinek
Cork Group for recycling since 2008. In 2013, 10 kgs of
corks were collected for children’s March break art camps.
45 gallons of used anti-freeze was collected from boat owners
at the town’s harbours hazardous waste collection site as part
of the Clean Marine program in 2012.
In 2013, 1,368 bulbs were recycled, producing a total of
337.7 kgs of glass, 4.35 kgs of metals, 4.6 kgs of phosphorus
and 0.076 kgs of mercury.
Sustainable Green Fleet
The Sustainable Green Fleet Procedure was introduced
in 2009. It involves a number of initiatives that save
fuel and increase the efficiency of the town’s fleet.
Examples include restricting staff in town vehicles
from using drive throughs, a driver training program
(DriveSmart) and enforcing anti-idling rules.
Green Fleet procedures also include supporting use
of the most fuel efficient vehicles, including electric,
hybrids and right sizing. Right sizing means selecting
the smallest most fuel efficient vehicle, based on
the task. Since 2006, 12 hybrid vehicles, and two
right sized vehicles have been added to the Town of
Oakville’s fleet.
In 2011, the town joined the EV 300 program to assist
with integrating electric vehicles into their fleet. An
EV feasibility study for the town fleet was completed
and in 2013, the first two electric fleet vehicles and
one charging station were purchased in 2013.
State of the Environment Report 2013 Sustainable Purchasing
The Sustainable Purchasing Procedure (SPP) was
also introduced in 2009. This involves an educational
and resource program for staff on selecting “green”
products and incorporating sustainable language in
contracts with vendors. A number of positive changes
have been seen as a direct result of this program as
outlined in Table 7.
Table 7: Green purchasing improvements
Existing product
Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC)
certified paper
100% virgin paper
Bottled water
Paper towels
Paint
Green replacement
FSC with minimum 30% recycled
content. On a smaller scale,
Environmental Policy is piloting
the use of paper with 100%
postconsumer (PC) content, chlorine
free, produced with green energy for
specific environmental publications.
Water bars (3) for use at town events
to support delivery of municipal tap
water to the public and at special
events.
As well, bottled water has been
removed from vending machines
where municipal tap water is
available to reduce the amount of
plastic entering the waste stream.
Seven harbour washrooms were
equipped with hand dryers since
composting is not available for paper
towel collection at these locations.
Incorporate the use of recycled
paints.
Environmental Strategic Plan
The town’s Envrionmental Strategic Plan was
endorsed by Council in December 2005 with a
subsequent update approved in December 2011. The
ESP provides a road map for the town in working
towards environmental goals. Each year, staff report
on the progress of the implementation of this plan.
Many of the recommended actions outlined in the
2005 ESP were carried over in the update as they are
ongoing successful programs. The implementation of
the updated ESP builds on the original and reflects the
work of both the town and its community partners. To
learn more about the ESP, visit the town’s website at
www.oakville.ca/townhall/environmental-strategicplan.html
The implementation of the updated ESP is moving
faster than expected, and as of 2013 we saw the
following actions were either complete or underway:
Table 8: Environmental Strategic Plan Implementation
Action
Implementation rate
Ongoing (OG) actions are
100%
existing programs and/or policies
that will be continuing (total of
63)
Short Term (ST) actions are
61%
recommended for completion by
2014 (total of 28 actions)
Medium Term (MT) actions are
recommended for completion by
2013-2016 (total of 22 actions)
32%
Long Term (LT) actions are
recommended for completion
beyond 2016 (total of 9 actions)
50%
In conjunction with residents and stakeholders, the
town is now developing a community sustainability
plan. The plan will be an adaptive platform that
defines the way for the community to achieve
sustainability for present and future generations,
integrating economic, environmental, cultural and
social aspects. The long-term goal of the communityled plan is to achieve strong community partnerships
and leadership, strengthen community resiliency,
implement solutions for change and enhance the
quality of life in Oakville.
State of the Environment Report 2013 18
3 Conclusion
Summary
Oakville is fortunate to have a wealth of natural features such as Lake Ontario, the Niagara Escarpment and
numerous creeks and greenspaces within easy reach. Our environment is a key component that goes into making
our town vibrant and attractive to businesses and residents. In the town’s 2013 Citizen’s Survey, 83% of respondents
indicated they were pleased with the town’s efforts to protect the environment and it was noted in discussions with
residents at an open house that even further efforts would be welcome. While there wasn’t a category strictly for
the environment, a full 94% of respondents also indicated that they were very satisfied with the state of the town’s
green space and parks.
The SOER can assist us in continuing to improve our environment by highlighting where we are seeing positive
changes and where we need to do more. In 2012, some good news was seen as air quality improved in Oakville
in 2012 with a nearly 50% reduction in the number of times PM2.5 exceeded the Canada Health refererence level
of 15 ug/m3. There is a mixed message with our water quality. 14 Mile Creek continues to be the most impacted
of Oakville’s three creeks as seen by increasing levels of phosphorus, chloride and total suspended solids in 2012.
However both Bronte Creek and 16 Mile Creek had improvements in phosphorus levels with Bronte Creek’s
levels falling below the Provincial Water Quality Objectives (for maximum levels) for the first time since 2006.
The town’s Sediment Management Strategy, initiated in 2013 will assist in providing insights into these trends.
In general those indicators linked to resource use such as our use of energy, car ownership and our recycling
habits have remained steady. With an increasing population, we need to work on improving our individual actions
even more if we want to decrease our overall impact. The actions of individuals, families and businesses are
critically important. For that reason the SOER includes a What you can do section at the end of the book
with a full list of resources that residents can utilize. We hope that you find this useful and do what you can
to reduce your environmental impact.
While the data we are tracking is local, our choices have an impact not just on ourselves but also beyond our
community. The town recognizes that while its own efforts are critical, the supportive actions of residents,
community partners and other levels of government are crucial in order to see appreciable improvements. This
need for support is one of the driving factors for the development of a community sustainability plan. Over time,
changes will not likely be the result of one action or program but rather through a combination of effects. In
addition to town based programs and initiatives, changing social norms, changes in consumption patterns due to
increasing fuel and energy prices, global climate change and changes in federal or provincial policies will play
significant roles in supporting more environmental sustainability.
19 State of the Environment Report 2013
4
What you can do
Reduce your impact on natural environments
• Remove invasive species widely found in
Oakville such as Dog Strangling Vine and Garlic
Mustard. Contact Conservation Halton for more
information or see www.conservationhalton.on.ca/
ShowCategory.cfm?subCatID=1114
• Think twice before cutting a tree down. Trees offer
shade in the summer and protection from winter
winds.Check out the town’s Private Tree By-law
at www.oakville.ca/residents/trees-protectionremoval.html if you’re thinking of cutting down a
tree greater than 15cm diameter.
• When draining pool water, ensure chemicals have
not been added for at least 10 days prior.
• Don’t wash cars on driveways.
• Choose household products with little or no
phosphate.
• In the winter, use either low or no chloride ice
melt.
• Don’t dump hazardous waste into sewers or
drains.See www.halton.ca/waste to find out proper
disposal locations.
• Visit http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/ for
tips and tools to reducing your greenhouse gas
emissions.
Support healthy neighbourhoods
• Consider implementing a compost program not only
at your home, but at your school or work.
• Grow your own garden for a personal supply of
fresh fruits, herbs, and vegetables.
• Participate in one of the town’s beautification
programs or clean up events.
• Enjoy Oakville’s trails. Get out for a hike with
State of the Environment Report 2013
family and friends. For great walking resources
in the town, visit http://www.halton.ca/cms/One.
aspx?portalId=8310&pageId=12410 or contact the
town for a copy of the Cycle and Trails guide.
• Sign up for an outdoor recreation course or activity.
The town’s Recreation and Culture department
offers a catalogue of programs and events twice
a year. You can also check it out online at www.
oakville.ca/culturerec/index.html.
• Consider adopting a trail or park. Help keep our
parks and trails looking great and get outside for
some fresh air and exercise. Visit www.oakville.ca/
culturerec/adopt-a-programs.html
• Add “green” features to your home renovating.
Reduce your resource consumption
• Choose washable and refillable containers with
little packaging for meals away from home.
• Purchase a stainless steel water bottle in place of
disposable plastic bottles.
• Contact Halton Region for recycling and
composting bins.
• It is estimated that 17% of a typical garbage bag
in Halton is material that could go in the Blue
Box. Take the time to separate your garbage into
recyclables, compost and garbage.
• Bring your own re-usable bags when shopping.
• Consider belongings you no longer use - can you
refurbish, donate or repair them?
• Set your thermostat to 25°C or higher during the
summer, and 20°C or lower in the winter.
• Take advantage of the Watt Not Waste Not
program to reduce energy, offered through
Oakville’s libraries. Visit www.oakville.ca/
environment/energy-conservation.html to learn
more.
20
What you can do, cont.
• Purchase a portion of your energy through green
sources. Visit www.oakvillehydro.com or www.
bullfrogpower.com
• Consider adding solar energy or geothermal
technologies to your home.
• Replace incandescent light bulbs with LED
or fluorescent light bulbs to increase energy
efficiency and save electricity costs.
• Only use dishwashers and laundry machines
when they are full and at night to reduce water
waste and save on energy costs.
• Incorporate xeriscaping in your garden (plants
and landscaping that don’t require much water).
• Install low flow shower heads and toilets.
• When making purchases, choose “green”
whenever possible.
Improve your transportation habits
• Consider biking or walking to work, school, shop
or for short errands.
• Choose to live in a walkable neighbourhood with
transit access.
• Start a car sharing group in your neighbourhood.
• Ensure the sidewalk in front of your house is
cleared of snow in all seasons for pedestrians.
• Take public transportation when possible.
• Purchase a monthly transit pass. You never have
to worry about change for the bus and it will
encourage you to use the bus more often.
• If you commute, look at the options offered with
the new PRESTO fare card. Take advantage
•
•
•
•
of seamless inter-regional travel. Visit www.
prestocard.ca
Avoid using drive thrus and don’t start your car
until you’re ready to go.
Turn the car off when picking people up from
school or work.
Keep your car running efficiently to save gas
and prevent pollution, keep your tires properly
inflated, do regular tune-ups.
If you’re looking into purchasing a vehicle consider
an electric, hybrid or fuel efficient vehicle.
Get involved in the community
• Get involved in the development of the town’s
community sustainability plan. Learn more
at www.oakville.ca/environment/integratedcommunity-sustainability-plan.html
• Support and attend environmental events. Sign
up for the Halton Environmental Network’s
weekly newsletter at http://haltonenvironment.
com/?cat=273
• Volunteer at a local school.
• Discuss environmental issues with your family
and work together to come up with ways to
reduce your ecological footprint.
• Encourage your children to join your school’s
environmental group or help start one.
21 State of the Environment Report 2013
5 Resources
Air quality and climate
• Halton Region is one of the pilot communities to roll out the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). To learn more
about this program and other information on air quality in Oakville, visit www.halton.ca/airquality
• For a list of anti-idling resources and information visit http://idling.gc.ca
• For information on the town’s Health Protection Air Quality By-law, visit www.oakville.ca/environment/healthprotection-air-quality.html
Energy
• Interested in learning more about solar or wondering if solar is right for your home? To learn more about
renewable energy in Oakville, vist www.oakville.ca/environment/green-power.html
Healthy neighbourhoods
• For detailed information on Oakville’s trails, including maps, photographs and a historical perspective, visit
www.oakville.ca/culturerec/trails.html or pick up a copy of Oakville’s trail and cycle guide at town facilities.
• For information on Halton Conservation’s Halton Hikes: 50 Great Trails visit www.haltonhikes.ca
• Visit one of Halton’s many farmers markets and support Halton farmers. Visit www.halton.ca for listings.
Natural areas
• For information on Halton’s conservation areas and waterways, visit Conservation Halton www.
conservationhalton.ca or call 905-336-1158.
• Want to know more about the town’s wildlife and biodiversity? Visit www.oakville.ca/environment/wildlifebiodiversity.html
• The Halton Natural Areas Inventory (2006) was completed in partnership with Halton Conservation Authority
and local field naturalist clubs. A copy of the report is available through Conservation Halton for a fee.
• For a listing of local naturalist clubs, visit www.ontarionature.org
Transportation
• Need a bus schedule or know where to buy tickets? Visit Oakville Transit at www.oakvilletransit.ca
Waste
• Do you want to drop off a used item or recycle something but don’t know where to go? Visit www.halton.ca/
waste for an easy to use directory.
Water
• Halton Region provides resources to help you conserve water. Visit www.halton.ca/toiletrebate to learn about
low flush toilet rebates or www.halton.ca/WaterConservation to access their information on water efficiency.
General
• Oakvillegreen is an Oakville community association that has been working to protect our environment, promote
sustainable planning and make sure that new development pays for itself. Visit www.oakvillegreen.com for more.
• For a listing of local environmental organizations, businesses and activities, the Halton Environmental Network
(HEN) produces the Halton Enviro Guide: http://haltonenvironment.com
• For fact sheets on environmental topics, visit the town’s website at www.oakville.ca/townhall/environmentalstrategic-plan.html
• For general environmental information regarding the town, pick up a copy of the Environmental Stewardship
Guide in the Environmental Policy department at Town Hall or at one of our many public outreach events or
online at www.oakville.ca/environment/environmental-stewardship.html
State of the Environment Report 2013
22
6
Note for educators
Beyond the information provided in the SOER, there are many helpful links to programs and events throughout
the Region. By accessing the What you can do or the Resources section you will find a wealth of programs
catering to different audiences and many topics.
For links to curriculum information you can contact Trisha Henderson ([email protected]) or Donna
Doyle ([email protected]) for more information.
For general information from the Environmental Policy department regarding this guide you can email
[email protected]
There are a number of great environmental education resources you can bring into your classroom. Some of our
favourites are:
• OakvilleGreen educational programs www.oakvillegreen.com (go to the “for teachers” tab)
• Get to know www.get-to-know.org
• EarthDay Canada www.earthday.ca or www.ecokids.ca
• 52 tips for biodiversity http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/info/pubs/docs/brochures/biodiversity_tips/
en.pdf
• BioKits
program
(Government
of
Canada)
www.ec.gc.ca/biotrousses-biokits/default.
asp?lang=En&n=B8362F13-1
We are always interested to hear when educators use the SOER as an education tool for their classrooms. If you
have any additional comments and input for future guides please email the Environmental Policy department at
[email protected] and share your ideas!
23 State of the Environment Report 2013
100% post consumer waste
This document has been printed in-house to ensure we only print as many copies as are
needed. It is printed on Lenza paper, an FSC certified paper made of 100% post consumer
waste using no chlorine in its processing.
Town of Oakville
1225 Trafalgar Road
Oakville ON L6H 0H3
T: 905-845-6601 TTY: 905-338-4200
www.oakville.ca