Drugi nacionalni izvještaj Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu sa

Transcription

Drugi nacionalni izvještaj Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu sa
Drugi nacionalni izvještaj
Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu
s Okvirnom konvencijom
Ujedinjenih nacija
Juni 2013. godine
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Autori:
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
Projektni odbor:
Svjetlana Radusin, Ministarstvo za prostorno uređenje, građevinarstvo i ekologiju Republike Srpske
can potentially
refer ito
any type ofodnosa
ICT used
by citizens,
and involves everything
Senad e-Accessibility
Oprašić, Ministarstvo
vanjske trgovine
ekonomskih
Bosne
i Hercegovine
from
websites
for e-government
services,
telephony
support
fori Hercegovine
blind people to subtitling on
Mehmed
Cero, Federalno
ministarstvo
okoliša i to
turizma
Federacije
Bosne
television.
Up to 15 percent
of thedistrikta
population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Isak Abdurahmanović,
Vlada Brčko
visual,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
and SEE countries can expect to have a
Goran hearing,
Vukmir, Razvojni
program
Ujedinjenih
nacija,
Bosne i Hercegovine
similar or higher proportion.
Stručni
tim
za SNC:
A perhaps
surprising
number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Sanjin
Avdić, legal
šef Odsjeka
za energiju
i zaštitu
životne sredine,
Razvojni to
program
Ujedinjenih but
nacija,
the
relevant
context.
No single
EU directive
is dedicated
e-Accessibility,
actions are
Bosne
i
Hercegovine
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
Raduška
Cupać,
koordinatorica
(for
copyright
exemptions),
andprojekta
the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Martin
Tais,
vođa
tima
za
izradu
inventara
stakleničkih
plinova
is also covered by policy, and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist for programmatic support.
Nusret
Drešković,
vođa
tima
za
ublažavanje
klimatskih
promjena
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Goran Trbić, vođa tima za prilagođavanje na klimatske promjene
Borislav
Jakšić,
There
is UNFCCC
at least asavjetnik
five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Andrea 1.
Muharemović,
AzrudininHusika,
Bojan
Rajčević,
Bosiljka
Stojanović,
Čedomirto
Crnogorac,
Davorin
It is worthwhile
its own
right
to improve
access
to services
people who
areBajić,
already
Đorđe Stefanović,
Đorđe It
Vojinović,
Arnautović Aksić,
Emina
marginalized.
helps Dragana
fulfil theStojisavljević,
promise ofDragica
the Information
Society
to Hadžić,
reduceEsena
rather than
Kupusović,
Goran
Popović,
Gordana
Tica,
Hamid
Čustović,
Kadira
Močević,
Mediha
Voloder,
Merima
Karabegović,
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Milan Mataruga,
Milovan
Nada
Rudan, Predrag
Ilić,groups.
Radoslav Dekić, Rajko Gnjato, Ranka Radić, Sabina
area is likely
toKotur,
further
marginalize
these
Hodžić, Samir Đug, Sandra Popović, Slaviša Jelisić, Vladimir Đurđević, Željko Majstorović, Zijad Jagodić
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Drugi nacionalni izvještaj Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu sa Okvirnom konvencijom Ujedinjenih nacija je usvojen
3. Vijećа
Improving
e-Accessibility
for the 08.
marginalized
also lead to improved access for
od strane
ministara
Bosne i Hercegovine
oktobra 2013.could
g.
2
2
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
Sadržaj:
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Sažetak8
5. Pursuinguapproaches
that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
1.Okolnosti
državi19
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE icountries.
1.1. Struktura
institucionalni okvir 19
1.1.1.Odgovornosti ministarstava i drugih organa za pitanja okoliša
1.1.2.Statistika okoliša
1.2.
About this report
1.2. Geografske karakteristike
20
21
22
1.3. Stanovništvo
22
The
specific goals of klime
this report are:
1.4. Karakteristike
23
1.5. Analiza sektora 24
1. to outline
the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
1.5.1. Privreda
i industrija
24
instruments
and
strategic
level
documents;
1.5.2. Energija
27
1.5.3. Transport
29
1.5.5. Šumarstvo
33
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
1.5.4. Poljoprivreda
31
with disabilities;
3. to assess
the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
1.5.6. Upravljanje
otpadom
34
4.
to
identify
good
practices
in
the
region;
1.5.7. Upravljanje vodnim resursima
35
5.
to
develop
a
set
of
recommendations
for
government
and
other
stakeholders
on
how
to:
1.5.8. Zdravstvo
36
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
1.5.9. Obrazovanje
37
comply
with
requirements
for
the
UN
and
EU.
1.6.Izazovi dugoročnog razvoja - Milenijski razvojni ciljevi MRC
38
Proračun emisije stakleničkih plinova40
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that
is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed40by
2.1.Metodologija
the
UNDP Country
Office iinobrade
Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by 41
the
2.2.Sistem
prikupljanja
podataka
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
2.2.1. Proračun
emisijskih
faktora Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
42
in
the
implementation
of
the
Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority
Area
of
the
e-SEE
Agenda+,
the
2.2.2.Izvještavanje 43
regional
action kvaliteta
plan for(eng.
Information
Society
development,
and(eng.
theQuality
UNCRPD.
The programmatic
2.2.3.Kontrola
Quality Control)
i osiguranje
kvaliteta
Assurance)
43
priorities
of theCORINAIR
project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
2.3. Sistem
44
2.
2.4.Rezultati proračuna emisije stakleničkih plinova 1991-2001.
45
2.4.4. Ključni izvori emisije
53
The project
being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
2.4.1.Emisija
CO2 poissektorima
48
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on
their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
2.4.1.1.Energetika
49
Marginalised
Groups
in
e-Governance
and
the
e-SEE
Secretariat
are
positioned
within
the
Social
2.4.1.2.Industrijski procesi
50
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
The
UNDP
Country
Office
in
Sarajevo
is
working
closely
2.4.1.3. Ponori - LUCF
50
with
the
fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices
in
the
region,
while
the
Office
of
Senior
ICT
Advisor
at
the
BDP
2.4.2.Emisija metana (CH4) po sektorima
52
in
New
York
is
providing
expertise
and
playing
an
advisory
role.
Government-appointed
members
2.4.2.1.Poljoprivreda
52of
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
2.4.2.2.
Čvrsti otpad
52
respective
countries.
2.4.3.Emisija
azotnog suboksida (N2O)53
3
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
2.4.5. Emisija indirektnih stakleničkih plinova
55
2.5. Procjena nesigurnosti proračuna
58
2.5.1. Nesigurnost procjene emisije CO2
58
2.6. Verificiranje proračuna
59
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
3. Ocjena ranjivosti sektora i prilagođavanje na izmijenjene klimatske uvjete61
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
3.1.Osmotrene klimatske promjene u Bosni i Hercegovini
61
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
3.1.1. Promjene temperature
62
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
3.1.2. Promjene količine padavina
64
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
3.1.3.Klimatska varijabilnost i procjena ekstremnih događaja
66
3.1.3.1. Procjena ekstremnih dnevnih padavina
67
3.1.4.Analiza padavina i suša na teritoriji BiH na osnovu Standardiziranog indeksa padavina (SPI)
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
3.2.
Projekcije budućih klimatskih promjena
68
71
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
3.2.1.A1B scenarij,
2001-2030.
71
such
as
older
populations
experience
when
seeking
to
participate
on
equal
terms
in
the
Information
3.2.2.A1B scenarij, 2071-2100.
72
Society.
3.2.3.A2 scenarij, 2071-2100.
73
3.2.4.Sumarni prikaz scenarija
73
e-Accessibility
can potentially
to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
3.3.Utjecaji
klimatskih
promjena porefer
sektorima
75
from
for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
3.3.1.websites
Poljoprivreda
75
television.
Up to na
15 poljoprivredu
percent of the
acrossscenarija
the European Union has a disability, such as75a
3.3.1.1. Utjecaji
na population
osnovu klimatskih
3.3.1.2.Socio-ekonomski
utjecaj klimatskih
promjena
na poljoprivredu
visual,
hearing, speech, cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
and SEE countries can expect to have77a
3.3.2. Vodni
resursi
79
similar
or higher
proportion.
3.3.2.1.Utjecaji na vodne resurse na osnovu klimatskih scenarija
81
3.3.2.2.Socio-ekonomski
utjecaj
klimatskih
promjena naagreements,
vodne resurseregulations and guidelines cover
82
A perhaps surprising
number
of international
3.3.3.Zdravlje
this
area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008,83
is
3.3.3.1.Utjecaji
na
zdravlje
ljudi
na
osnovu
klimatskih
scenarija
83
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
3.3.4.Šumarstvo
84
spread
across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
3.3.4.1.Utjecaji
na šumarstvo,
osnovu
klimatskih
scenarija
84
(for
copyright exemptions),
andnathe
Telecoms
Framework
(for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Socio-ekonomski
utjecaji
na sektor šumarstva
85
is3.3.4.2.
also covered
by policy,
and klimatskih
guidelinespromjena
and benchmarking
exist for programmatic support.
3.3.5. Biodiverzitet
osjetljivi
87
Furthermore,
movesi are
afootekosistemi
to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
3.3.5.1.Utjecaji na biljne vrste prema klimatskim scenarija
87
3.3.5.2.Utjecaji na biljne zajednice prema klimatskim scenarijima
88
3.3.5.3.Utjecaji na vodna staništa prema klimatskm scenarijima
88
3.3.5.4. Utjecaji na faunu prema klimatskm scenarijima
88
3.3.6. Regionalni razvoj
91
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
3.3.5.5.Utjecaji na faunu kraških prostora prema klimatskim scenarija
90
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
3.3.5.6.Utjecaji na zaštićena područja prema klimatskim scenarija
91
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
3.3.5.7.Utjecaji klimatskih promjena na obalske ekosisteme
91
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Improving
access to planiranje
services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
3.3.6.1. 2.
Prostorno
i urbanističko
91
population
opens significant
market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
3.3.6.2.Ruralno
planiranje
92
remit
in a costprilagođavanja
effective manner.
3.4. their
Pregled
sposobnosti
klimatskim promjenama
93
3.4.1.Opći okvir politika i politike prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama 93
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
4
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
3.4.2.Ekonomski
podsticaji
able-bodied
people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance 93
the
3.4.3. Teškoće
i rizici
sprovođenju
predloženih
prilagođavanja
prospects
forumigrating
web
services mjera
onto new
platforms such as mobile phones.
94
3.4.4. Procjena sposobnosti prilagođavanja po sektorima
95
3.4.4.2.Sposobnost prilagođavanja u sektoru voda
95
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
3.4.4.1.Sposobnost prilagođavanja u poljoprivredi
95
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing
approaches uthat
follow
EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in 96
the
3.4.4.3.Sposobnost
prilagođavanja
sektoru
zdravstva
of the development of the Information Society in the97
EU
convergence
of differentuaspects
3.4.4.4. Sposobnost
prilagođavanja
šumarstvu
and SEE countries.
3.4.4.5.Sposobnost
prilagođavanja u oblasti biodiverziteta i osjetljivih ekosistema
97
3.5.
97
Predložene mjere prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene
3.5.1 Potencijalne mjere po sektorima
1.2.
About this report
3.5.2. Prijedlog projektnih ideja za prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama
98
102
The
goals potencijala
of this report are:
4. specific
Procjena
za ublažavanje utjecaja klimatskih promjena 104
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
4.1. Energetika
105
instruments and strategic level documents;
4.1.1.Elektroenergetika
105
4.1.1.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u oblasti elektroenergetike
105
4.1.1.3.Smanjenje emisije metana iz rudnika uglja
108
4.1.2.4.Sunčeva energija
115
4.1.2.5.Geotermalna energija
116
4.3.1.1. Stambene zgrade
122
4.4.1.1. Cestovni saobraćaj
127
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
4.1.1.2.Scenariji smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova iz elektroenergetskog sektora 105
with disabilities;
3. to assess
the current
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
4.1.1.4.Mjere
za smanjenje
emisija level
stakleničkih
plinova iz elektroenergetskog
sektora
108
4.
to
identify
good
practices
in
the
region;
4.1.2. Obnovljivi izvori energije u BiH
109
5.
to
develop
a
set
of
recommendations
for
government
and
other
stakeholders
on
how
to:
4.1.2.1. Hidroenergija
109
address
4.1.2.2.Vjetroenergija
the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
111
comply
with
requirements
for
the
UN
and
EU.
4.1.2.3.Bioplin
113
This
report
is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
4.2.
Daljinsko
grijanje
118
that
is
being
implemented
in
the
context
of
the
e-SEE
Initiative.
It
is
a
regional
project
designed
4.2.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru daljinskog grijanja
118by
the
UNDP Country
Office emisije
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supported
by gradskog
DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
4.2.2.Scenariji
smanjenja
stakleničkih
plinova iz različitih
sistema
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
centralnog
grijanja
u BiH
120
in
the
implementation
of
the
Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority
Area
of
the
e-SEE
Agenda+,
the
4.2.3.Mjere za smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova iz sektora daljinskog grijanja
121
regional
action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
4.3.Zgradarstvo
122
priorities
of thepostojećeg
project are
therefore
fully
aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
4.3.1. Pregled
stanja
u sektoru
zgradarstva
122
The project
is being implemented
4.3.1.2.Javne
zgrade (komercijalne
i uslužne) by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
124
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on
their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
4.3.1.3.Industrijske zgrade
125
Marginalised
Groups
in
e-Governance
and
the
e-SEE
Secretariat
are
positioned
within
the
Social
4.3.2.Scenariji smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova u sektoru zgradarstva
125
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
The
UNDP
Country
Office
in
Sarajevo
is
working
closely
4.3.2.1.Stambene zgrade
125
with
the
fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices
in
the
region,
while
the
Office
of
Senior
ICT
Advisor
at
the
BDP
4.3.2.2.Javne zgrade (komercijalne i uslužne)
126
in
New York isunaprjeđenja
providing expertise
and
playing an
role. Government-appointed members
4.3.3.Mjere
energetske
efiaksnosti
u uadvisory
sektoru zgradarstva
126of
the
Regional e-Governance
Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
4.4.Saobraćaj
127
respective
countries.
4.4.1. Pregled
postojećeg stanja u sektoru saobraćaja
127
5
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
4.4.1.2. Željeznički saobraćaj 129
4.4.1.3.Zračni saobraćaj 130
4.4.1.4.Vodni saobraćaj 130
4.4.1.5. Poštanski saobraćaj 131
4.4.2.Scenariji smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova u sektoru saobraćaja 132
4.4.3.Mjere za smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova iz sektora saobraćaja
134
4.5.Šumarstvo 134
4.5.4. Tresetišta
139
4.6. 140
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
4.5.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru šumarstva u BiH
134
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
4.5.2.Scenariji za ublažavanje u sektoru šumarstva u BiH 136
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
4.5.3.Mjere ublažavanja klimatskih promjena u sektoru šumarstva
138
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Poljoprivreda
4.6.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru poljoprivrede
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
4.6.2.Scenariji za ublažavanje u poljoprivrednom sektoru
140
141
e-Accessibility
is smanjenje
about overcoming
the rangeplinova
of barriers
that
people with disabilities and others
4.6.3.Mjere za
emisija stakleničkih
u sektoru
poljoprivrede
143
such
as
older
populations
experience
when
seeking
to
participate
on
equal
terms
in
the
Information
4.7. Otpad
144
Society.
4.7.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru otpada 144
4.7.2.Scenariji ublažavanja klimatskih promjena u sektoru otpada u BiH 145
e-Accessibility
can
potentially
refer to
any type
of ICT otpada
used by citizens, and involves everything
4.7.3. Mjere
smanjenja
emisije
stakleničkih
plinova
u sektoru
147
from
websites for
e-government
services,
to telephony
support for blind people to subtitling148
on
4.8.Ukupan
potencijal
smanjenja
emisija stakleničkih
plinova
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
149
5.Ostale
relevantne
aktivnostI
visual,
hearing, speech,
cognitive,
or motor
impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
5.1.
Procjena tehnoloških potreba za ublažavanje i prilagođavanje
149
5.1.1. APristup
Okvirnoj
konvenciji
UN-a
klimatskim promjenama
(UNFCCC)
149
perhaps
surprising
number
ofointernational
agreements,
regulations and guidelines cover
5.1.1.1.Mehanizam
čistoginternational
razvoja
this
area. At the highest
level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008,149
is
5.1.1.2.Strategija
prilagođavanja
na
klimatske
promjene
i
niskoemisionog
razvoja
149
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
5.1.2. across
Procjena
tehnoloških
za ublažavanje
i prilagođavanje
150
spread
areas
such aspotreba
Television
Without Frontiers
(for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
5.1.3.Stanje
prenosa tehnologija
BiH
150
(for
copyright exemptions),
and theuTelecoms
Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Pregled planova
i programa
za sistematsko
151
is5.2.
also covered
by policy,
and guidelines
and osmatranje
benchmarking
exist for programmatic support.
5.3. Obrazovanje,
i jačanje
svijesti
152
Furthermore,
moves obuka
are afoot
to strengthen
these and to enact more legislation.
5.3.1. Propusti i potrebe u obrazovanju i jačanju kapaciteta 154
5.3.2Jačanje svijesti
155
5.3.3.Ciljevi koje treba ispuniti u oblastima obrazovanja, obuke i podizanja svijesti 155
5.4.
156
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Priprema operativnih programa za informiranje javnosti
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
5.4.1. Funkcioniranje klimatskog WEB portala i osnivanje integriranog informacionog sistema
158
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
5.5.Međunarodna suradnja
158
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
5.5.1.Međunarodna suradnja u okviru globalnih sporazuma o životnoj sredini
158
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
5.5.2.Regionalna suradnja
159
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
6
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people;
it can159
reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
6.Ograničenja
i nedostaci
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
6.1.Institucionalna ograničenja
6.2.
6.3.Ograničenja u ljudskim resursima
6.4.
159
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Financijska ograničenja
160
e-Services and to lower the cost.
160
5. Pursuing approaches
follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in161
the
Prevazilaženje
ograničenja i that
nedostataka
aspectsprevazilaženju
of the development
of the Information Society in the162
EU
convergence/ bilateralni
of different
6.5.Multilateralni
doprinosi
ograničenja
and SEE countries.
Lista grafikona Lista tabela
1.2.
About this report
Lista slika
Lista skraćenica
163
165
167
168
The
specific goals of this report are:
Literatura171
Aneks 1 1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
177
Aneks 2 instruments and strategic level documents;
183
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
7
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Sažetak
Okolnosti
u državiCIRCUMSTANCES
1.
NATIONAL
Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) ima površinu od 51.209,2 km2, koja se sastoji od 51.197 km2
i 12,2 km2 mora. Od ukupne površine kopna, 5% su nizine, 24% brda, 42%
ankopna
overview
of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
planine i 29% kraške oblasti. Graniči se sa Republikom Hrvatskom (931 km),
requirements it sets in all Republikom
aspects of Srbijom
e-Accessibility
how it is
to beGorom
implemented.
(375 km) i and
Republikom
Crnom
(249 km). This is followed
Geografske
This
section presents
karakteristike:
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
Varira od umjereno kontinentalne u sjevernom dijelu Panonske nizije duž rijeke Save i u
disability
particular.
Klima: in general and e-Accessibility
zoni podnožja, doin
alpske
klime u planinskim regijama, i mediteranske klime u
priobalnom i području regije niske Hercegovine na jugu i jugoistoku.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Institucionalni okvir:
Suverena država sa decentralizovanom političkom i administrativnom strukturom.
Sastoji se od dva entiteta: Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) i Republike Srpska (RS)
i Distrikta Brčko. Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine je podijeljena na 10 kantona.
overcoming
the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Donošenje odluka uključuje Savjet ministara, dva entiteta i Distrikt Brčko.
e-Accessibility is about
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Procjena broja stanovnika BiH - 3.839.737. (2011) - oko 37% u Republici Srpskoj, 61% u
Society.
Stanovništvo:
Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i 2% u Brčko distriktu
e-Accessibility canBDP
potentially
refer KM,
to any
of ICT
used by
citizens,
and involves everything
Privreda:
24.584 miliona
BDPtype
po glavi
stanovnika
6.397
KM1 (2010)
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Preovladava
prerađivačka
industrija
78,3% ukupne
vrijednosti
industrijskih
television.
Up to 15 percent
of the population
across
thesaEuropean
Union
has aprodaje
disability,
such as a
Industrija
proizvoda (2011)
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Energija
Ukupna proizvodnja električne energije u BiH za 2011. godinu iznosila je 14 049 GWh
similar
or higher proportion.
22.744,30 km cestovne mreže; 1.031 km željezničkih pruga; 4 međunarodna aerodroma,
Transport:
A perhaps surprising
number
international
agreements,
and guidelines cover
nema
morske of
luke,
rijeka Sava glavni
riječni plovniregulations
put
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
miliona
ha (46%
zemljišta) pogodno
za poljoprivredu;
udio u strukturibut
BDP-a
6,25 %are
the relevant
legal context.2,3No
single
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions
Poljoprivreda:
(2010), broj zaposlenih u poljprivrednoj djelatnosti prelazi 19%
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions),2,7
and
the Telecoms
Framework
assistive
miliona
ha (53% zemljišta)
pokrivaju(for
šume
i šumskatechnologies).
zemljišta; oko 1,3e-Accessibility
miliona ha
Šumarstvo:
ekonomske
šume
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore,
moves are afoot
to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Upravljanje
68% stanovnika uključeni u odvoz komunalnog otpada; prosječna količina poizvedenog
otpadom:
komunalnog otpada 1,08 kg po stanovniku na dan (2010)
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Dva glavna riječna sliva: sliv rijeke Save (38.719 km2), prosječno godišnje oticanje 722
m3/s i sliv Jadranskog mora (12.410 km2).sa oticajem od 433 m3/s; ukupno zahvaćenih i
količina
m3 (2011)
worthwhilepreuzetih
in its own
rightvode
to 329.954.000
improve access
to services to people who are already
Upravljanje vodnim
resursima:
1. It is
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Zdravstvo:
Vodeći uzrok smrti oboljenja cirkulatornog sistema (2011)
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further
marginalize
groups.
Ratificirane
konvencije:these
UNFCCC,
Konvencija UN-a o biološkom diverzitetu, Konvencija
Međunarodna
2. Improving
suradnja:
Fusnota 1
UN-a za borbu protiv dezertifikacije zemljišta, Bečka konvencija o zaštiti ozonskog
access
to services,
public
and private,
to suchzraka
a significant
omotača,
Konvencija
o prekograničnom
zagađivanju
na velikim proportion
udaljenostimaof the
Potencijalni
kandidat
za
članstvo
u
EU
(SSP
potpisan
2008.
godine)
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for
the marginalized
1EUR=1,95583
KM, Centralna
banka Bosne
i Hercegovine,
juni 2013
2
8
could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Izračunavanje
emisija stakleničkih plinova
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Inventar
stakleničkih
ovom
Izvještaju
obuhvata e-Accessibility
desetogodišnji into
period
1991-2001.of
4. The earlier
action isplinova
taken,uthe
easier
it is to integrate
development
Sastavljen
je
u
skladu
sa
preporukama
za
izradu
inventara
Smjernice
o
izvještavanju
UNFCCC-a
e-Services and to lower the cost.
prema Odluci 3/CP.5 i 17/CP.8 uključujući i zajednički format izvještavanja (CRF) i Revidirane
smjernice
IPCC-a zaapproaches
nacionalnethat
inventare
stakleničkih
iz 1996. koje daje
specifikaciju
5. Pursuing
follow EU
guidelinesplinova
and recommendations
will
assist in the
obavezaconvergence
za izvještavanje
u
skladu
sa
članovima
4
i
12
UNFCCC-a
(Revidirane
smjernice
IPCC-a
in theza
EU
of different aspects of the development of the Information Society
nacionalni inventar stakleničkih plinova iz 1996. godine). Inventar je temeljen na CORINAIR (CORe
and SEE countries.
INventory of AIR emissions) sistemu koji kreira ETC/AE (Evropski tematski centar za emisije u
vazduhu) .
1.2.Neophodno
About
this report
je naglasiti povećanu nesigurnost podataka o emisijama proračunatim za ratni
period (1992. – 1996.), kao i period do 1998. godine, zbog nedostatka i/ili lošeg kvaliteta ulaznih
podataka
za goals
izraduofinventara.
The
specific
this report are:
Ukupne emisije u inventornom periodu variraju od 4.010 GgCO2 eq 1993. godine (samo 12%
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
u odnosu na baznu 1990. godinu), nakon čega se bilježi rast emisija koje su 2000. godine dosegle
instruments
and strategic
leveleq,
documents;
15.249 GgCO
eq, a 2001.
16.118 GgCO
odnosno 47% emisija iz 1990. godine.
2
2
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Najznačajanji izvor CO2 je svakako energetski sektor koji u ovom desetogodišnjem periodu
with
disabilities;
pridonosi
72,3%
cjelokupnih emisija CO2 eq, slijedi poljoprivreda sa 18,1%, otpad 6,2%, te
industrijski
procesi
3,5%.
3. to assesssa
the
current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
- CO2 emisija
comply
requirements
EU. CO2 emisija po sektorima 2000
Udio
po with
sektorima
1991-2001for the UN and Udio
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
3%
6% 4% in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is6%
that is being implemented
a regional
project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
18%
13%
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
72%
78%
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Poljoprivreda
Poljoprivreda
Enenrgetski sektorGovernance
Enenrgetski
sektor
Inclusion/Democratic
Sector. The UNDP Country
Office
in Sarajevo
is working closely
Industrijski
Otpad
with the
fellow UNDP Country
Offices procesi
in the region, whileOtpad
the Office of Senior Industrijski
ICT Advisorprocesi
at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.
Udio
CO emisija po sektorima (%) za period 1991-2001 i za 2000. godinu
2
9
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Ocjena ranjivosti sektora i prilagođavanje na
izmijenjene klimatske uslove
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Osmotrene klimatske promjene
Na bazi komparativne analize za period 1981-2010. u odnosu na period 1961-1990.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
utvrđeno je povećanje temperature zraka na godišnjem nivou u rasponu od 0,4 do 0,8°C, dok porast
requirements
in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
temperatureitusets
vegetacionom
period
ide i do 1,0°C.and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
istom periodu
nisu zabilježene
znatne promjene padavina, ali smanjenjem broja
disability U
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
padavinskih dana većih od 1,0 mm i povećanjem broja dana sa intenzivnim padavinama poremećen je
pluviometrijski režim. Izražena promjena godišnjeg rasporeda padavina uz povećanje temperature
jedan je od ključnih faktora koji uslovljavaju češće i intenzivnije pojave suše i poplava na teritoriji
Bosne i Hercegovine.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Tokom
poslednjihexperience
decenija when
primjećena
je topovećana
klimatska
tokom svih
such as older
populations
seeking
participate
on equal varijabilnost
terms in the Information
godišnjih doba i na cijeloj teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine: pet od posljednjih 12 godina su bile vema
Society.
suhe do ekstremno suhe, a četiri godine su bile obilježene ekstremnim poplavama. Posljednje
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
četiri godine (2009-2012) su sve imale obilježja ekstremnih vremenskih prilika: poplave 2009. i
2010. e-Accessibility
godine, suša i can
talas
vreline 2011.
godine,
talas
početkom
2012.everything
i snažan
potentially
refer ito2012.
any type
of ICT
usedhladnoća
by citizens,
and involves
vjetar
sredinom
2012.
godine.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Projekcije budućih klimatskih promjena
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar orUhigher
ovom proportion.
izveštaju predstavljeni su rezultati regionalnog klimatskog modela EBU-POM iz
eksperimenata promjene buduće klime, dobijeni metodom dinamičkog skaliranja rezultata dva
globalna
klimatska
modela atmosfere
okeana SINTEX-G
i ECHAM5.
Fokusiraliand
smo
se na rezultate
A perhaps
surprising
number ofiinternational
agreements,
regulations
guidelines
cover
iz
IPCC
SRES
scenarija
A1B
i
A2.
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Rezultati iz modela analizirani su za vremenske isječke 2001-2030 i 2071-2100. Izveštaj
spread
across
such as dva
Television
Without
Frontiersparametra:
(for subtitling),
the Copyright
je usmjeren areas
na promjene
osnovna
meteorološka
temperature
na 2 Directive
metra i
(for
copyright exemptions),
and the Telecoms
Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
akumulirane
padavine. Promjene
ovih parametara
prikazane
su u odnosu
na srednje
vrijednosti iz
baznog
(standardnog)
1961-1990.
istzv.
also
covered
by policy, perioda
and guidelines
and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Rezultati scenarija prema SINTEX-5 i ECHAM5 modelima ukazuju na trend povećanja
temperature do 2030. godine u odnosu na bazni period 1961-1990, do 1,0°C na godišnjem nivou
There
is at least
a five-fold
justification
for early
action očekuje
in the area
e-Accessibility:
na čitavoj
teritoriji
Bosne
i Hercegovine.
Najveće
povećanje
se of
u ljetnom
periodu (juniavgust), do 1,4°C. U periodu 2071-2100. godina prema scenariju A2 očekuje se rapidan porast
temperature,
i to do 4°C na
godišnjem
nivou,
te do čak
4,8°Ctou services
ljetnom periodu.
1. It is worthwhile
in its
own right
to improve
access
to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Modeli ukazuju na nejednake promjene količine padavina. U centralnim i planinskim
increase
the disadvantages
certain
populations
Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in this
područjima
očekuje
se blago povećanje
padavina,
dok seface.
na ostalim
područjima
očekuje
smanjenje
areaPrema
is likely
to further
these groups.
padavina.
scenariju
A2 marginalize
u periodu 2071-2100.
godina očekuje se smanjenje padavinama na
čitavaoj teritotiji BiH. Najveći deficit padavina očekuje se u ljetnom periodu koji može iznositi i do
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
50% u odnosu na bazni period 1961-1990.
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
10
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; A1B
it can reduce
the cost of web
service development,
and enhance
the
A1B
A2
A1B
A1B
A2
2001-2030
2071-2100
2071-2100
2001-2030
2071-2100
2071-2100
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
DJF
0,6 – 0,9
2,4
2,4 –easier
3,6
DJF
-15 – -5
-50into
– -10
-5 – 30 of
4. The earlier
action1,8
is–taken,
the
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
development
MAM
0,8 –and
0,9
e-Services
JJA
1,1 – 1,4
2,4 – 2,6
3,4 – 3,8
to lower
the cost.
3,4 – 3,6
4,6 – >4,8
SINTEX-5
SINTEX-5
-10 – 5
-15 – 0
-30 – 0
JJA
-5 – 15
-30 – 0
-50 – 0
A1B
2001-2030
A1B
2071-2100
A2
2071-2100
DJF
0 – 10
-15 – 5
-30 – 15
MAM
0 – 15
-5 – 15
-10 – 10
JJA
-10 – 10
-50 – -20
-50 – -20
GODINA
-5 – 10
-15 – -5
-20 – -5
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
SON
0,5 – 0,9
2,0 – 2,4aspects
2,8 –of
3,2the development
SON
-10Information
– 20
-50 – Society
-15
-30
– 0 EU
of the
in the
convergence
of different
GODINA
– 1,0
2,4 – 2,8
3,4 – 3,8
GODINA
-20 – 10
-30 – -10
-15 – 0
and SEE0,8
countries.
1.2. About this report
DJF
A1B
2001-2030
A1B
2071-2100
A2
2071-2100
0,2 – 0,5
3 – 3,8
3,2 – 4
The specific
are: 2,6 – 3,2
MAM goals< of
0,2this report
2,2 – 2,6
JJA
0,5 – 0,8
4 – 4,2
4,4 – 4,8
GODINA
0,4 – 0,6
3,2 – 3,6
3,6 – 4,0
ECHAM5
ECHAM5
MAM
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
SON
0,9 – 1,1
3,4 – 3,8
3,8 – 4,2
SON
-10 – 5
-30 – -5
-20 – 0
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Komparativni
prikaz promjena temperature oC
Komparativni prikaz promjena padavina u %
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identifyanaliza
good practices
in the region;
Sektorska
i prilagođavanjе
klimatskim promjenama
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Sektori
koji su najranjiviji
na klimatske
promjene u Bosni i Hercegovini su: poljoprivreda,
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
vodni resursi, zdravlje ljudi, šumarstvo, biodiverzitet i osjetljivi ekosistemi. U tom smislu obavljene
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
su detaljne analize dugoročnih klimatskih promjena u ovim sektorima na osnovu SRES klimatskih
scenarija A1B i A2.
This
report
is part of promjena
a larger project,
‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Utjecaj
klimatskih
po sektorima
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
U sektoru
utjecaj
klimatskih promjena
smanjenje
kao
the UNDP
Country poljoprivrede,
Office in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supporteduključuje
by DG/BDP
NY, and prinosa
funded by
the
posljedicu
smanjenih
količina
padavina
i
povećane
stope
isparavanja,
potencijalno
smanjenje
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
produktivnosti domaćih životinja, učestaliju pojavu poljoprivrednih štetočina i oboljenja usjeva, te
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
povećanu nesigurnost hrane/namirnica. Pozitivni utjecaji se ogledaju u produženoj sezoni rasta
regional
actionpotencijalu
plan for Information
Society development,
and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
usjeva i većem
za uzgoj mediteranskih
kultura u Hercegovini.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
U sektoru vodoprivrede, klimatske promjene donose češću pojava suša (u zapadnim
dijelovima
pad is
riječnog
vodostaja tokom
ali i češću pojavuUNDP-funded
poplava.
TheBiH),
project
being implemented
by ljeta,
the Sarajevo-based
e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Utjecaj klimatskih promjena na zdravlje ljudi uključuje povećanu učestalost i ozbiljnost
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
epidemija/pandemija tokom toplijih zima, povećan mortalitet povezan sa pojavom ‘toplotnih talasa’,
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector. (Aedes
The UNDP
Countryi Office
in Sarajevo
is working
closely
moguće širenje azijskog
tigrastog komarca
albopictus),
povećanje
broja slučajeva
oboljenja
with
fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices
in the region,
while the
Office
of Senior
ICT Advisor
atutjecaji
the BDP
koje the
prenosi
krpelj
(lajmska
bolest
i encefalitis
uzrokovan
ujedom
krpelja).
Mogući
pozitivni
podrazumijevaju
manji broj
smrtnih
slučajeva
nastalih
usljed
hladnoće.
in
New York is providing
expertise
and
playing an
advisory
role.
Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
11
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
U sektoru šumarstva evidentna je povećana učestalost i intenzitet šumskih požara, povećan
rizik za rijetke i ugrožene šumske zajednice, sve veći broj štetočina kao što su potkornjak i gubar
(North Atlantic Index [NAO] indeks), te povećan rizik od transformacije šumskog ekosistema koji
bi rezultirao mortalitetom drveća velikih razmjera. Pozitivni utjecaji se ogledaju u bržoj stopi rasta
i pojavi novih vrsta od ekonomskog značaja.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
U oblasti biodiverziteta i osjetljivih ekosistema, negativni utjecaji klimatskih promjena
uključuju gubitak postojećih staništa, fragmentacija staništa, istrebljenje vrsta, i rapidne promjene
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
temperature i/ili količine padavina, koje utiču na funkcije ekosistema. S druge srane, prisutna je
requirements
sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
pojava novih itstaništa.
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Sposobnost prilagođavanja klimatskim
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
promjenama
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Sposobnost
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
u on
poljoprivrednom
sektoru
je na
such as older
populations
experience when
seekingprijetnjama
to participate
equal terms in the
Information
niskom nivou. Primjetan je nedostatak modelovanja usjeva i klimatskih podataka neophodnih za
Society.
sisteme ranog upozoravanja. Poljoprivrednim proizvođačima je neophodna obuka o manje radno
intenzivnim poljoprivrednim metodama, tehnikama uzgoja bolje prilagođenih usjeva i tehnikama
e-Accessibility
potentially
refer to anypromjena
type of ICT
used
by citizens,u and
involves
everything
protivgradne
zaštite. can
Uz to,
pitanja klimatskih
nisu
integrisana
politike
o poljoprivredi
i ruralnom
razvoju.
from
websites
for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Kad je u pitanju sposobnost prilagođavanja u sektoru voda, još uvijek postoji kritičan
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
nedostatak hidrološkog modelovanja, detaljna procjena ranjivosti, nedostatak mapa ranjivosti i
similar
or higher
dijagrama
rizikaproportion.
od poplava. Mjere zaštite od poplava su na niskom nivou, a pitanja klimatskih
promjena nisu ugrađenа u sektorske zakone i programe.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
zdravstva,
sposobnost
na klimatske
promjene
je ograničena
this area.UAtsektoru
the highest
international
level, prilagođavanja
the UNCRPD, ratified
and coming
into force
in 2008, is
nedostatkom praćenja akutnih i hroničnih bolesti. Zdravstveni radnici i pacijenti nisu dovoljno
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
upoznati o odnosu između zdravstvenih tegoba i klimatskih promjena. Ne postoje finansijska
spread
across
areas such mjere
as Television
Without Frontiers
(for subtitling),
Copyright Directive
sredstva
za zdravstvene
prilagođavanja.
Otežan pristup
primarnojthe
zdravstvenoj
zaštiti u
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and the
Telecoms
Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
ruralnim
područjima
otežava
tretman
pacijenata
sa hroničnim
i infektivnim
oboljenjima
na koja
mogu
utjecati
klimatske
promjene.
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Sposobnost prilagođavanja u sektoru šumarstva je na veoma niskom nivou. Nisu definisana
područja koja su najviše ugrožena klimatskim promjenama i ne postoji detaljna analiza utjecaja
Therepromjena
is at least za
a five-fold
for early action
in the
of e-Accessibility:
klimatskih
pojedinejustification
šumske zajednice.
Tehnika
za area
gašenje
šumskih požara je
nedovoljna i zastarjela. Kao i u drugim sektorima, primjetan je nedostatak integracije problema i
pitanja1.klimatskih
promjena
u sektorske
politike
i strategije.
It is worthwhile
in its
own right to
improve
access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Iako su već sada pojedine biljne i životinjske vrste veoma ugrožene usljed povećanja
increase
the disadvantages
populations
face.i najugroženije
Conversely, insufficient
innisu
this
temperature
i smanjenja
padavina,certain
najosjetljivija
područja
vrste flore effort
i faune
area is
likely
further marginalize
these groups.
definisana,
čime
je tosposobnost
prilagođavanja
u oblasti biodiverziteta i osjetljivih ekosistema
izuzetno umanjena.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population
opens
opportunities,
can help public
services
fulfil
Za svaki sektor
susignificant
predloženemarket/sales
mjere prilagođavanja
koje suand
identifikovane
na osnovu
stručnog
their remit
in a costsaeffective
manner. stranama i analize relevantnih istraživanja.
konsenzusa,
konsultacija
zainteresovanim
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
12
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; it can
reduce the cost
of webklimatskih
service development,
Procjena
potencijala
za ublažavanje
utjecaja
promjena and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Oblast ublažavanja klimatskih promjena u Drugom nacionalnom izvještaju je fokusirana
4. The
earlierjeaction
is taken,najveći
the easier
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
na sektore
u kojima
identifikovan
potencijal
za smanjenje
emisija stakleničkih
plinova:of
e-Services
andenergije,
to lower daljinsko
the cost. grijanje, zgradarstvo, saobraćaj, otpad, te poljoprivreda
proizvodnja
električne
i šumarstvo. Za svaki od sektora izrađeni su scenariji koji modeliraju moguće putanje emisija
5. Pursuing
that followi EU
guidelines
andublažavanja
recommendations
will assist
in the
stakleničkih
plinovaapproaches
do 2025.godine,kao
prijedlog
mjera
klimatskih
promjena.
of the
Information
Society
in the EU
convergence
of kvantitativno-vremenskog
different aspects of the development
Konkretno
modeliranje
razvoja emisija
stakleničkih
plinova
realizirano
je prekoand
tri SEE
razvojna
scenarija:
S1
–
osnovni
(bez
promjena),
S2
sa
djelimičnom
primjenom
countries.
stimulativnih mjera i S3 – napredni scenario, sa primjenom cjelokupnog seta stimulativnih mjera.
U razmatranjima pomenutih emisijskih scenarija inicijalni podaci su uzeti za 2010.g. dok su
proračuni emisija urađeni po petogodištima, tj. za 2015.g., 2020.g. i 2025.g. 1.2. About this report
The specific
goals
of this report are:
Sektor
energetike
Energetski
sektor
je odgovoran za
prekoregarding
70% ukupnih
emisija CO2, including
samim timexisting
i potencijal
1. to outline
the international
context
e-Accessibility
legal
za smanjenje
emisijaand
stakleničkih
u tom sektoru je najveći.
instruments
strategic plinova
level documents;
2. to developsua tri
comparative
picture of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
versus people
Analizirana
scenarija smanjenja
emisije stakleničkih
plinova koji
podrazumijevaju
i
povećanje
energetske
efikasnosti
u
skladu
sa
nacrtom
NEEAP-a:
with disabilities;
to assess 1the
current
level of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
3.
Scenarij
(S1)
– podrazumijeva
da emisija stakleničkih
plinova raste
proporcionalno
sa
potrošnje
energije.
S obzirom
4. toporastom
identify good
practices
in the
region; da emisija stakleničkih plinova direktno zavisi od
energije,
ovo znači da se prema
ovom scenariju
isti udio pokrivenosti
5. toproizvodnje
develop a set
of recommendations
for government
and zadržava
other stakeholders
on how to:
potreba za energijom iz domaćih izvora;
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
- Scenarij
comply
with–requirements
the UN and EU.

2 (S2)
podrazumijevafor
implementaciju
projekata izgradnje elektroenergetskih
postrojenja u skladu sa relevantnim entitetskim strategijama i dobijenim podacima o
planiranim aktivnostima;
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
 Scenarij 3 (S3) – podrazumijeva intenzivno korištenje potencijala OIE i EE zbog ulaska BiH
that is beinguimplemented
in trgovanja
the context
of the e-SEE
Initiative.
It is a(EU
regional
project
designed by
Evropsku šemu
emisijama
stakleničkih
plinova
ETS), što
podrazumijeva
i
the UNDP Country
Office
in
Bosnia
and
Herzegovina,
supported
by
DG/BDP
NY,
and
funded
by
the
plaćanje emisionih dozvola za stakleničke plinove za elektroenergetski sektor.
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Prema S1 i S2 of
doći
do porasta
emisija ugljen
iz elektroenergetskog
sektora
in the implementation
theće
Inclusive
Information
Societydioksida
Priority Area
of the e-SEE Agenda+,
the
u BiH u periodu od 2010. do 2025, za razliku od S3 prema kojem će doći do značajnog smanjenja
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
emisije, za preko 20% u odnosu na 2010.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The
project
is beinggrijanja
implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Sektor
daljinskog
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
U ovom
sektoru
razvijena tri and
scenarija
na nivou
razvoja finalne
potrošnje
energije
i sva
Marginalised
Groups
in su
e-Governance
the e-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
within
the Social
tri
predviđaju
toplifikaciju
daljih
gradskih
četvrti
i
širenje
toplotnih
mreža:
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
 S1
bez ulaganja
u noverole.
tehnologije
i bez primjene dodatnih
mjera;of
in New York
is –scenarij
providingpotrošnje
expertiseenergije
and playing
an advisory
Government-appointed
members
the Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act aspotrošnje
government
Focal Points for their
 S2
–scenarij potrošnje
energije
s mjerama
smanjenja
energije;
respective countries.
 S3 – napredni scenarij potrošnje energije u uslovima intenzivnog ekonomskog razvoja i
ulaganjima u nove tehnologije.
13
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Kako napredni scenarijo podrazumjeva intenzivno širenje mreže, on predviđa i povećenje
emisija iz ovog sektora 2025. godine za oko 10% u odnosu na 2010. godinu, dok scenarijo S2 2025.
godine predviđa smanjenje od oko 5%.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Sektor zgradarstva
Sektor zgradarstva ima najveći udio u krajnjoj potrošnji energije u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Starost
zgrada
i njhovaan
neadekvatna
energetska
efikasnost
pruža velike and
mogućnosti
za uštedethe
tj.
This section
presents
overview of
the UNCRPD,
its significance
main sections,
smanjenje potrošnje energenata i smanjenje emisije CO2.
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how
it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description
of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
 S1 - blagi rast BDP i potrošnje energije – podrazumijeva porast stanovništva, izgradnju
disability in general
e-Accessibility
zgrada and
i potrošnju
energije, in
kojiparticular.
će rasti skoro linearno, bez mjera energetske efikasnosti;

S2 - srednje brzi rast BDP i potrošnje energije bez dodatnih mjera energetske efikasnosti;
1.1. Why
e-Accessibility?
S3 - srednje
brzi rast BDP i sa provođenjem mjera energetske efikasnosti - podrazumijeva

provođenje mjera energetske efikasnosti sa značajnim uštedama.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Smanjenje emisija u sektoru zgradarstva se ogleda kroz smanjeno i/ili efikasnije korištenje
Society.
električne i toplotne energije.
e-Accessibility
can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Sektor saobraćaja
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.Osnova
Up to 15
of the population
across
the European
Union
has audisability,
such as a
za percent
izradu scenarija
za smanjenje
emisija
stakleničkih
plinova
oblasti saobraćaja
visual,
hearing,
speech,dacognitive,
or motor impairment,
and SEE
cansaobraćajem,
expect to have
se bazira
na činjenici
cestovni saobraćaj
u BiH, u poređenju
sa countries
željezničkim
činia
similar
or higher
proportion.
90% ukupne
godišnje
potrošnje energije (dizel i benzin) u ovom sektoru:
A 
perhaps
surprising
of international
agreements,
regulations
and
guidelines
cover
S1- se
bazira nanumber
već utvrđenim
trendovima
povećanja broja
cestovnih
motornih
vozila
po
this area. At the
highestgodišnjoj
international
the
ratified and
coming
intoparka
force između
in 2008,12
is
prosječnoj
stopi level,
od oko
5,8UNCRPD,
%, na prosječnoj
starosti
voznog
do 15 context.
godina, bez
provođenja
mjera homologacije
sae-Accessibility,
prosječnom godišnjom
stopom
the relevant legal
No single
EU directive
is dedicatedi to
but actions
are
povećanja
potrošnje
dizela i benzinskog
goriva od(for
3,7subtitling),
%;
spread across
areas such
as Television
Without Frontiers
the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
 S2 –bysepolicy,
baziraand
na uvođenje
dodatnih
tehničkih mjera
za for
cestovna
motorna vozila
sa
is also covered
guidelines
and benchmarking
exist
programmatic
support.
poboljšanja
energetske these
efikasnosti
i smanjenja
potrošnje goriva. Uz
Furthermore,aspekta
moves are
afoot to strengthen
and tomotora
enact more
legislation.
stopu porasta broja cestovnih m/v kao u S1, s tim da je predviđeno poboljšanje kvaliteta
kao iacestovna
Theregoriva
is at least
five-foldinfrastruktura;
justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
–se bazirainnaitspretpostavci
će BiH access
do 2025.godine
postati
članica
EUare
čime
bi se
1.
It isS3worthwhile
own right todaimprove
to services
to people
who
already
morale sprovoditi direktive koje su propisane za ovu oblast.
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Scenarij S1 predviđa rasta emisija iz ovog sektora od oko 92%, a S2 od 57% u 2025. godini
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
u odnosu na 2010. godinu, dok scenarij S3 predviđa smanjenje od oko 8%.
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2.Sektor
Improving
access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
šumarstva
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Ponorski
šumske manner.
površine u Bosni i Hercegovini za 2010.g. je procijenjen na
their
remitpotencijal
in a cost effective
7327,5 Gg CO2.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
14
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can reduce
the

S1- se bazira
na utvrđenom
trendu
cost of webpovršina
servicepod
development,
and enhance
the
smanjenja
šumsкim pokrivačem,
koje
su
utvrđene
u
postratnom
periodu,
i
ne
uključuje
nikakve
dodatne
mjere
za
promjenu
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
postojećeg trenda;
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
 S2– se bazira na primjeni određenih stimulativnih mjera za očuvanje postojećeg šumskog
e-Services and to lower the cost.
pokrivača;
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
 S3 – napredni scenario je zasnovan na pretpostavci da će BiH do 2025. godine postati
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
punopravna članica Evropske unije čime bi morala prihvatiti sve obaveze i direktive koje
andsu
SEE
countries.
propisane
za sektor šumarstva.
Prema S1 scenariju prosječni godišnji ponorski kapacitet šumskog pokrivača u BiH bi se
1.2.
About
this
smanjio za
oko 257 GgCO
, dok bireport
se prema S3 scenariju uvećao za oko 285 GgCO .
2
2
Sektor
poljoprivrede
The specific
goals
of this report are:
Potencijali za ublažavanje utjecaja klimatskih promjena u oblasti poljoprivredne proizvodnje
1. mogu
to outline
the international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
u BiH se
posmatrati
sa dva aspekta:
kao
potencijali
za poniranje including
i kao izvorexisting
emisijalegal
za
instruments
stakleničke
plinove. and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
S1- se zasniva na navedenom trendu poslijeratnog smanjenja obradivih poljoprivrednih
withpovršina
disabilities;
i njihovog prevođenja u najčešće građevinsko zemljište i ne podrazumijeva

za njihovo
3. tododatne
assess mjere
the current
leveločuvanje;
of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. toS2
identify
good practices
inpozitivnih
the region;

– je baziran
na primjeni
iskustava i dobre proizvodne prakse u oblasti poljopkojima se odlikuju privredno
i poljoprivredno
razvijene,
evropske
5. torivredne
developproizvodnje
a set of recommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
onzemlje;
how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
 S3 – napredni scenario je, kao i kod većine ostalih sektora, baziran na očekivanjima da će
- BiHcomply
with requirements
for the
UN and
EU.
do 2025.godine
postati članica
Evropske
Unije.
Prema prezentiranim pokazateljima ukupne emisije stakleničkih plinova, u sektoru
poljoprivredne
proizvodnje
ćeaprema
scenariju
porasti naMarginalised
gotovo dvostruku
vrijednost
u 2025.g.
This report
is part of
larger S1
project,
‘Empowering
Groups
in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
S2 predviđa neznatna smanjenja, koja će u 2025.g. u odnosu na 2010. iznositi svega
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
oko 5 %. S3 scenario pokazuje da su potencijali za ublažavanje utjecaja klimatskih promjena u
UNDP’s
Democratic Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
to support the
South Eastern
region
sektoru poljoprivrede
u BiH, uz striktnu
primjenu
najsavremenijih
dostignuća
u svim Europe
segmentima
in
the implementation
the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
proizvodnje,
jako veliki:ofpreko
60% u odnosu
na 2010.
godinu.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Sektor
priorities
of the otpada
project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
S obzirom
emisija
stakleničkih
plinova,
koji potiču izUNDP-funded
sektora otpadae-SEE
na nivou
BiH
The
projectdaisudio
being
implemented
by the
Sarajevo-based
Initiative
iznosi
oko
3
%
od
ukupnih
emisija;
ukupni
direktni
utjecaj
za
smanjenje
emisija
stakleničkih
plinova
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
nije veliki. Međutim, smanjenje produkovanih količina otpada, njegovo recikliranje i proizvodnja
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
energije iz otpada, mogu značajno utjecati i na smanjenje općih emisija.
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
S1 -UNDP
ovaj scenario
u suštini
bazira
na while
nepromijenjenoj
postojećoj
praksi
u produkciji
i
with the
fellow
Country se
Offices
in the
region,
the Office of
Senior ICT
Advisor
at the BDP
prikupljanja
i odlaganja
otpada
u dugoročnom periodumembers
u BiH; of
in New Yorkcjelokupnoj
is providingorganizaciji
expertise and
playing an
advisory role.
Government-appointed
the Regional
e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
 S2 - bazira se na realizaciji postavljenih ciljeva i zadataka definiranih u Strategiji upravljanja
respective countries.
čvrstim otpadom BiH, iz 2000. godine;
15
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

S3 scenario - upravljanje otpadom prema ovom scenariju se zasniva na primjeni postojećih
tehničkih dostignuća i legislative koja se primjenjuje u zemljama Evropske unije.
Dok S1 scenarij predviđa povećanje emisija CO2 iz sektora otpada u 2025. godini za 15%, S3
scenarij predviđa smanjenje od 20% u odnosu na 2010. godinu.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up
to 15 godišnje
percentemisije
of the population
across
the European
Union
has asaobraćaja,
disability, such as a
Ukupne
CO2eq iz sektora
energetike,
daljinskog
grijanja,
visual, hearing,poljoprivrede
speech, cognitive,
motor
impairment,
and
SEE S1,
countries
can expect to have a
i otpada uorBiH,
za period
2010-2025,
prema
S2 i S3 scenariju
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across
areas
such as Television
Without
Frontiers (for
subtitling), the Copyright Directive
Procjena
tehnoloških
potreba
za ublažavanje
i prilagođavanje
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Kao podršku
aktivnostima
ublažavanja
klimatskih promjena,
i Hercegovina
je
is also covered
by policy,
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist for Bosna
programmatic
support.
uspostavila Ovlašteno tijelo (DNA) za implementaciju projekata Mehanizma čistog razvoja u okviru
Furthermore,
moves
are konvencije
afoot to strengthen
these klime,
and to ienact
more
Kjoto protokola
Okvirne
UN o promjeni
do danas
je legislation.
ovo tijelo odobrilo četiri CDM
Ostale relevantne aktivnosti
projekta s procijenjenim smanjenjem emisija gasova koji izazivaju efekat staklene bašte (GHG) u
iznosuThere
od oko
3 miliona
tona CO2justification
ekvivalenta.for
Mehanizmi
Konvencije
nisu
jedini način transfera
is at
least a five-fold
early action
in the area
of e-Accessibility:
tehnologije, oni su samo inicijalni.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Iako je Bosna i Hercegovina uglavnom završila proces vlasničke transformacije preduzeća,
marginalized.
It helps fulfil
the promisedo
of transfera
the Information
Society
to reduce
rather
than
kao i proces
organizacionog
restrukturiranja,
tehnologija
je došlo
samo
u velikim
increase
face. Conversely,
effort
in this
preduzećima
čijithe
su disadvantages
vlasnici postalicertain
vlasnicipopulations
multinacionalnih
kompanija.insufficient
Vrlo malo je
urađeno
u
povećanju
efikasnosti
i u korišćenju
obnovljive energije, a za trasfer tehnologija još
areaenergetske
is likely to further
marginalize
these groups.
uvijek postoje brojne barijere: od neznanja do neadekvatne pravne regulative.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population
opens
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
andnovih
can help
public services
fulfil
Prema INC
za BiH
predviđen
je niz mjera
koji uvođenjem
tehnologija
u različitim
sektorima
utjecajamanner.
klimatskih promjena u Bosni i Hercegovini. Međutim, u
their vode
remitsmanjenju
in a cost effective
izvještajnom periodu vrlo malo je urađeno u implementaciji ovih mjera.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
16
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; itnema
can reduce
theizgrađenu
cost of web
service development,
and enhance
Bosna
i Hercegovina
posebno
infrastrukturu
za identifikaciju
potrebathe
i
sakupljanje
informacija
o
raspoloživim
tehnologijama,
niti
poseban
sistem
podsticaja.
Za
uvoz
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
tehnologija u BiH ne postoje posebne povlastice, ali je moguće oslobađanje od carina i poreza
4. The
earlier
is taken,
the easierOgraničenja
it is to integrate
into development
ukoliko se
knjiže
kao action
ulog stranog
investitora.
zboge-Accessibility
nedostatka podsticaja
bi trebaloof
da budue-Services
uzeta u obzir
se rade
andkada
to lower
themodeli
cost. transfera tehnologije..
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
Aktivnosti
na formiranju, otvaranju i osavremenjavanju mreže meteoroloških i hidroloških
stanica na području BiH je neophodno za unapređenje meteorološkog monitoringa i klimatske baze.
Pored osavremenjavanja, potrebno je i povezivanje meteoroloških stanica u sistem automatskog
monitoringa zajedno s hidrološkim stanicama.
Sistemsko osmatranje
1.2. About this report
Obrazovanje, obuka i jačanje svijesti
The specific goals of this report are:
Dosadašnje aktivnosti u oblasti obrazovanja i u oblasti podizanja svijesti o klimatskim
1. to outline
international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
promjenama
nisu bilethe
dobro
organizirane
i rezultati
su dosta
skromni. Tokom
pripreme
Drugog
nacionalnog
izvještaja
i istraživanje
instruments
andurađeno
strategicjelevel
documents;javnosti Bosne i Hercegovine o klimatskim
promjenama, prema kojem najveći broj ispitanika, 82,8%, vjeruje da zaista dolazi do globalne
2. klime,
to develop
comparative
of e-Accessibility
forda
able-bodied
people
people
promjene
dok askoro
polovica picture
anketiranih,
44,9%, smatra
je uglavnom
maloversus
informirano
o klimatskim
promjenama i njihovim mogućim posljedicama, dok 12,9% ne zna ništa o ovoj temi.
with disabilities;
3. to assess
the current
level of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
Rezultati
istraživanja
nedvosmisleno
idu u prilogand
činjenici
da obrazovanje,
obuka i jačanje
4.
to
identify
good
practices
in
the
region;
svijesti javnosti u svim sferama koje se tiču klimatskih promjena, njihovim mogućim posljedicama,
kao i mjerama
za njihovo
i prilagođavanje,
jeste i treba
ostatistakeholders
jedan od prioriteta
5. to develop
a set ublažavanje
of recommendations
for government
and other
on howza
to:
Bosnu i -Hercegovinu
u
narednom
razdoblju.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Priprema operativnih programa za informiranje javnosti
Osnovne informacije koje moraju doći do svakoga su sljedeće:
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being
implemented
in thejecontext
of the
e-SEE promjene,
Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
1. Bosna
i Hercegovina
ranjiva na
klimatske
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Postoje metode
prilagođavanja
već postojeće
klimatske
(mjereEurope
adaptacije)
i
UNDP’s2.
Democratic
Governance
Thematicna
Trust
Fund to support
thepromjene
South Eastern
region
mjere za suzbijanje emisija stakleničkih plinova (mjere ublažavanja klimatskih promjena),
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
3.Razvijene zemlje su spremne i obavezale su se kroz međunarodne sporazume da pomognu
regional action
plan for
Information
Society development,
and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
zemljama
u razvoju
pri adaptiranju
na klimatske promjene.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Ograničenja i nedostaci
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Osnovna
ograničenja
nedostaci
koji utiču
na provođenje
obaveza
UNFCCC-u,
kao i
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on i their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and prema
resources.
Empowering
na
provođenje
aktivnosti
u
oblasti
izrade
inventara
emisija
stakleničkih
plinova,
suzbijanja
emisija
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
stakleničkih plinova, te prilagođavanje na postojeće klimatske promjene su:
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the-Institucionalna:
fellow UNDP Country
Offices in ithe
region, while
the Officesuradnje
of SenioriICT
Advisor at između
the BDP
nedostatak
vertikalne
i horizontalne
koordinacije
in New Yorknadležnih
is providing
expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
institucija;
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
- countries.
Finansijska: nedovoljno korištenje ekonomskih instrumenata u zaštiti okoliša;
respective
-Ograničenja u ljudskim resursima: nedovoljan broj osoblja edukovanog u oblasti zaštite okoliša.
17
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Priprema Drugog nacionalnog izvještaja je služila kao sredstvo za razvoj vještina i izgradnju
kapaciteta u ključnim sektorima. Cilj SNC projektnog tima je da se svi rezultati integrišu u proces
dugoročnog razvoja i u razvojne planove sektora. Članovi ovog interdisciplinarnog tima su u
stalnom kontaktu i predstavljaju podlogu za unapređenje rada institucija koje će vremenom dostići
nivo potreban za uspješnu implementaciju aktivnosti predviđenih Izvještajem. Tokom izrade SNC-a
takođe se radilo na izgradnji kapaciteta domaćih institucija, tako da mogu preuzeti aktivniju ulogu
u pripremi narednih nacionalnih komunikacija.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
18
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
1.Okolnosti u državi
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.1.Struktura i institucionalni okvir
Bosna
i Hercegovina
je suverena
država s decentraliziranom političkom i administrativnom
1.2.
About
this
report
strukturom. Sastoji se od dva entiteta: Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) i Republike Srpske
(RS) i Distrikta Brčko.
The specific goals of this report are:
Donošenje odluka uključuje Vijeće ministara, te vlade dva entiteta (Federacije Bosne i
Hercegovine
Republike
i Brčkocontext
distrikta.regarding
Federacijae-Accessibility
Bosne i Hercegovine
je podijeljena
na
1. to i outline
theSrpske)
international
including
existing legal
10 kantona. U sektoru okoliša u BiH, Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa Bosne i
instruments and strategic level documents;
Hercegovine (MVTEO) je odgovorno za koordinaciju aktivnosti i u međunarodnim odnosima, ali su za
pitanja u2.vezi
s okolišem
u BiH odgovorne
vlade
entiteta. Odgovarajući
organi vlasti
suversus
Ministarstvo
to develop
a comparative
picture
of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
people
okoliša iwith
turizma
Federacije
BiH,
Ministarstvo
za
prostorno
uređenje,
građevinarstvo
i
ekologiju
RS
disabilities;
(koje je Focal Point prema UNFCCC-u) i Odjeljenje za komunalne poslove Distrikta Brčko. Vijeće
ministara
je potpisnik
određenog
međunarodnih
sporazuma i konvencija
o okolišu i u
3. BiH
to assess
the current
level ofbroja
e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
potpunosti
jeidentify
predan good
ispunjavanju
uvjeta
su propisani u ovim sporazumima.
4. to
practices
in thekoji
region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Bosna i Hercegovina je potencijalni kandidat za članstvo u EU. Sporazum o stabilizaciji i
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
pridruživanju
(SSP)
između
Bosne i Hercegovine
i EU potpisan je u junu 2008. godine. Privremeni
comply
with
requirements
for
the
and EU.
sporazum, koji se uglavnom odnosi na trgovinskaUN
pitanja
SSP-a, na snazi je od jula 2008. godine.
Me­đu­­tim, napredak u pogledu reformi koje se tiču EU je ograničen.
Najvažniji
sporazumi
u oblasti
zaštite okoliša
uključuju
sljedeće:
This
reportratificirani
is part of međunarodni
a larger project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
Okvirna konvencija Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama (UNFCCC)
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’sBosna
Democratic
Governance
ThematicUNFCCC
Trust Fund
to support
South
Eastern Europe
region
i Hercegovina
je ratificirala
2000.
godine. the
Nakon
ratificiranja
UNFCCC-a,
in
thejeimplementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority institucionalne
Area of the e-SEE
Agenda+,
the
BiH
učinila niz nastojanja
da uspostavi
odgovarajuće
političke,
i pravne
okvire
kako bi ispunila
obaveze
Konvencije.Society
Na osnovu
zajedničkog
sporazuma
oba relevantna
entiteta,
regional
action plan
for iz
Information
development,
and
the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
kontakt
institucija
BiH
prema
UNFCCC
je
Ministarstvo
za
prostorno
uređenje,
građevinarstvo
i
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
ekologiju RS. Protokol iz Kjota također je ratificiran 16. aprila 2007. godine.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
BiH je 2010. godine podnijela Sekretarijatu Konvencije Prvi nacionalni izvještaj u skladu s
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their existing
knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Okvirnom Konvencijom
UNono klimatskim
promjenama.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic
Governancenacija
Sector.o The
UNDP Country
Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Konvencija Ujedinjenih
biološkom
diverzitetu
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Bosna
i Hercegovina
je ratificirala
Konvenciju
Ujedinjenih
nacija o biološkom members
diverzitetuof
in New York
is providing
expertise
and playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
2002. godine.
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
19
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Ministarstvo okoliša i turizma Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine kao Focal Point Konvencije
Ujedinjenih nacija o biološkom biodiverzitetu je u okviru svojih obaveza pripremilo i dalo na
usvajanje entitetskim vladama Strategiju Bosne i Hercegovine s akcijskim planom za zaštitu
biološke i pejzažne raznolikosti (2008-2015). Ovaj dokument sadrži suvremenu i cjelovitu procjenu
stanja i stepena biološke raznolikosti, geografsku distribuciju bioloških resursa, te identificirane
postojeće i potencijalne negativne tendencije.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Konvencija
nacija
za UNCRPD,
borbu protiv
This section
presentsUjedinjenih
an overview
of the
its dezertifikacije
significance andzemljišta
main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Bosna i Hercegovina je ratificirala Konvenciju Ujedinjenih nacija za borbu protiv
bydezertifikacije
a descriptionzemljišta
of the major
and actions at the European Union level relating to
2002. instruments
godine.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Bečka konvencija o zaštiti ozonskog omotača
Bosna
i Hercegovina
je postala strana Bečke konvencije za zaštitu ozonskog omotača i
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
Montrealskog protokola o materijama koje oštećuju ozonski omotač na osnovu sukcesije iz bivše
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
the range Pekinške
of barriers
that people
disabilities
and others
Jugoslavije. Bosna
i Hercegovina
je ratificirala
amandmane
nawith
Protokol
iz Montreala,
te se
such
as older
populations
experience
when
seeking to participate(HCFC)
on equal
terms in the Information
pridružila
odluci
o globalnom
ukidanju
hlorofluorougljikovodika
i hlorofluorougljika
(CFC).
Society.
Konvencija o prekograničnom zagađivanju zraka na velikim udaljenostima
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Bosna i Hercegovina je postala strana Konvencije o prekograničnom zagađivanju zraka
from
websites
for e-government
services,
to telephony
supportprograma
for blindsuradnje
people tozasubtitling
oni
na velikim
udaljenostima
i Protokola
Konvencije
o financiranju
nadziranje
television.
to 15 percentzagađivanja
of the population
the udaljenostima
European Union
has a disability,
such asnaa
procjenu Up
prekograničnog
zraka across
na velikim
u Evropi
(EMEP protokol)
osnovu
sukcesije
iz bivše
Jugoslavije.
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
1.1.1.Odgovornosti
i drugih
organa
za cover
A perhaps surprising numberministarstava
of international agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
this area. At the
highest international
pitanja
okoliša level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
U skladu
sa such
Zakonom
o ministarstvima,
organ
vlasti za pitanja
okoliša Directive
na drža­
spread across
areas
as Television
Without relevantni
Frontiers (for
subtitling),
the Copyright
vnom
nivou
je
Ministarstvo
vanjske
trgovine
i
ekonomskih
odnosa
(MVTEO).
Tačnije,
ovo
ministarstvo
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
je odgovorno za vršenje dužnosti u vezi s definiranjem politika i osnovnih principa, koordiniranje
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
aktivnosti i harmoniziranje planova entitetskih vlasti i organa na međunarodnom nivou za zaštitu
Furthermore,
moves
are afoot
to strengthen
okoliša, razvoj
i upotrebu
prirodnih
resursa.these and to enact more legislation.
There
is at least
a five-fold
Republika
Srpska
(RS) justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
za prostorno
građevinarstvo
i ekologiju
je odgovorno
cjelo­
1.Ministarstvo
It is worthwhile
in its ownuređenje,
right to improve
access to
services RS
to people
who arezaalready
kupni kvalitet zaštite okoliša i poboljšanja putem istraživanja, planiranja, mjera upravljanja i
It helps
fulfil theodpromise
of the Information
Societyi to
reduce rather
than
zaštite,marginalized.
uključujući zaštitu
sredstava
općeg interesa,
prirodnih resursa
prirodnog
i kulturnog
increase
the disadvantages
certain
populations
Conversely,
effort
in this
naslijeđa.
Republički
hidrometeorološki
zavod
Republikeface.
Srpske
je vladinainsufficient
organizacija
odgovorna
za nadziranje
klimatskih
promjena,
razmjenu
klimatskih
area is likely
to further
marginalize
these
groups. podataka i upravljanje bazom podataka,
primijenjena istraživanja i klimatska predviđanja u okviru različitih naučnih i tehničkih programa
2. meteorološke
Improving access
to services,
public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Svjetske
organizacije
(WMO).
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
20
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodiedBosne
people;i Hercegovine
it can reduce the
cost of web service development, and enhance the
Federacija
(FBiH)
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Ministarstvo okoliša i turizma FBiH je odgovorno za stručne i druge zadatke u vezi sa
The earlier
is taken,prirode,
the easier
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
zaštitom4.zraka,
vode iaction
tla, zaštitom
upravljanjem
otpadom,
razvojem politika
i strategijaof
e-Services
to lower
the cost.
za zaštitu
okoliša uand
skladu
s održivim
razvojem, nadziranje okoliša i kontrolu zraka, vode i tla,
izradu periodičnih izvještaja u vezi sa statusom okoliša. Federalni hidrometeorološki zavod FBiH je
Pursuing
approaches
that follow EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist in the
neovisna5.agencija
odgovorna
za administrativne
i profesionalne
dužnosti u vezi s meteorologijom,
aspects
of the development
of the kvaliteta
Information
Society
in the EU
convergence
of different
seizmologijom,
hidrologijom
i vodnim
resursima,
kao i za praćenje
okoliša,
uključujući
kvalitet zraka,
vode
i
tla.
Štoviše,
odgovoran
je
za
sakupljanje,
obradu
i
objavljivanje
podataka
u vezi
and SEE countries.
s ovim aktivnostima.
tijelo za
zaštitu okoliša
1.2.Međuentitetsko
About this
report
Odlukama Vlade Republike Srpske i Vlade Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine osnovano je
The
specific
goals
of this
Međuentitetsko
tijelo
za report
zaštitu are:
okoliša.Ovo tijelo se bavi svim pitanjima iz oblasti okoliša koja
zahtijevaju usaglašen pristup entiteta, kao i drugim pitanjima koja su prenesena na Međuentitetsko
tijelo za1.zaštitu
okoliša
strane entiteta.
U nadležnosti
ovog Tijela je izrada
međuentitetskog
to outline
theod
international
context
regarding e-Accessibility
including
existing legal
programa
zaštite okoliša.
instruments
and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
1.1.2.
Statistika okoliša
with disabilities;
Status
razvojathe
popisa
emisija
i Hercegovini
je propisan
zakonima o zaštiti
3. to assess
current
leveluofBosni
e-Accessibility
andprimarno
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
zraka za4.FBiH
i
RS
koji
su
trenutno
na
snazi.
U
ovim
zakonima
bi
trebalo
istaknuti
sljedeće:
to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
−I Ministarstvo okoliša i turizma FBiH i Ministarstvo za prostorno uređenje, građevinarstvo
- i ekologiju
addressRS
the
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
objavljuju
Izvještaj
o popisima emisija zagađivanja zraka za svoje entitete u
svake
godine
za dvije prethodne
godine.
- januaru
comply
with
requirements
for the UN
and EU.
−Kantoni u FBiH objavljuju Izvještaj o popisima emisija zagađivanja zraka u aprilu svake
iz prirodnih
resursa)
za dvije prethodne
Thisgodine
report (uključujući
is part of a distribuciju
larger project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groupsgodine.
in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
−U Republici Srpskoj novim Zakonom o zaštiti zraka iz 2011. godine, inventar emisija izthe UNDP Country
Office in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
rađuje Republički
hidrometeorološki
zavod RS-a.
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
−Izvještaji o popisima
emisija moraju
biti pripremljeni
u skladu
sa zahtjevima
za izvještavanje
in the implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Society Priority
Area
of the e-SEE
Agenda+, the
definiranim
međunarodnim
sporazumima,
čija
je
članica
Bosna
i
Hercegovina.
Popisi
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
emisija moraju biti pripremljeni za sljedeće supstance: SO2, N2O, CO2, CO, NH3, NOx,
priorities of CH
the,project
areCtherefore
fully
alignedpopisa
with the
targets
of e-SEE
NMVOCs,
H , i PM10.
Registar
emisija
održava
se poAgenda+.
oblastima aktivnosti.
4
6
6
Procjene emisija vrše se u skladu s međunarodno odobrenim metodama i smjernicama.
The Odgovornost
project is being
implemented
by the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE Initiative
zagađivača,
specijaliziranih
institucija i ovlaštenih
tijela je da ministarstvima
Secretariat,dostave
capitalizing
onpotrebne
their existing
knowledge,
networks
and resources. Empowering
podatke
za distribuciju,
procjenu
i/ili nadziranje.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Iako nisu direktno
uključeni,Sector.
zavodi za
statistiku
na entitetskim
i na
državnom
nivou također
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
The
UNDP Country
Office in
Sarajevo
is working
closely
igraju ključnu ulogu u nadziranju stanja okoliša.
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
21
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.2.Geografske karakteristike
Bosna i Hercegovina ima ukupnu površinu od 51.209,2 km2, koja se sastoji od 51.197
km kopna i 12,2 km2 mora. Od ukupne površine kopna, 5% su nizine, 24% brda, 42% planine i
29% kraške oblasti. Prema svom geografskom položaju na Balkanskom poluotoku, BiH pripada
jadranskom i crnomorskom slivu.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
2
This section
presents
an overview
UNCRPD,Hrvatskom
its significance
and Republikom
main sections,
the
Bosna
i Hercegovina
graničiofs the
Republikom
(931 km),
Srbijom
requirements
it sets in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
it is toBiH
be implemented.
This is
followed
(375 km) i Republikom
Crnom Gorom
(249 km).and
Na how
sjeveru,
ima pristup rijeci
Savi,
a na
Jadranskom
(23,5instruments
km morske and
granice).
Kopno
je European
većinom brdovito
do planinsko,
s
byjugu
a description
of moru
the major
actions
at the
Union level
relating to
prosječnom
nadmorskom
visinom
od
500
metara
(0
metara
na
primorju
i
2,387
metara
na
najvišem
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
vrhu, planini Maglić). Postoji sedam riječnih dolina (Una, Vrbas, Bosna, Drina, Sava, Neretva s
Trebišnjicom i Cetina), od kojih 75,5% pripada slivu Crnog mora i 24,3% slivu Jadranskog mora.
Bosna i Hercegovina je bogata u termalnim, mineralnim i termalno-mineralnim vodama.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen
these
and
to enact more legislation.
Slika 1. Karta
Bosne
i Hercegovine
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1.3.Stanovništvo
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil stanovništva,
the promise koji
of the
Information
Societyukupan
to reduce
than
Prema posljednjem
popisu
je urađen
1991. godine,
brojrather
stanovnika
je bio 4.377.033
i
BDP
po
glavi
stanovnika
je
bio
otprilike
2.500
USD,
što
stavlja
BiH
među
srednje
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
razvijene
zemlje.
Prema
procjenama
Agencije
za groups.
statistiku BiH od 30.06.2011, stanovništvo BiH je
area
is likely
to further
marginalize
these
iznosilo 3.839.737. Prema preliminarnim procjenama entitetskih zavoda za statistiku u Republici
Improving
access
to services,
public and
private,
to such a2.338.270
significant
proportionUrbano
of the
Srpskoj2.živi
1.429.668
stanovnika,
a u Federaciji
Bosne
i Hercegovine
stanovnika.
stanovništvo
se procjenjuje
na 80% ukupnog
stanovništva,
što je rezultat
migracija
tokom
population
opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and canmasovnih
help public
services
fulfil
rata iz their
ruralnih
u
urbana
područja.
Uočen
je
rast
u
omjeru
stanovnika
u
dobi
od
preko
64
godine
(od
remit in a cost effective manner.
6,4% do skoro 16,2% od ukupnog stanovništva u 2009. godini) i značajan pad broja aktivnog radnog
stanovništva
grupe starosne
dobi odfor
20 the
do 40
godina.
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
marginalized
could also lead to improved access for
2
22
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Slika 2. Gustina naseljenosti Bosne i Hercegovine prema popisu stanovništva iz 1991. godine
U3. Bosni
i Hercegovini
2010.
godine rođenoand
33.528
beba; broj stakeholders;
umrlih je 35.118, što
to assess
the currentjelevel
of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility
pokazuje da je povećan mortalitet u poređenju s ranijim godinama. Sljedeća tabela daje procjenu
4. to identify good practices in the region;
stanovništva u BiH sredinom svake godine i prirodni priraštaj.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles toŽivorođeni
e-Accessibility;
Umrli
- Ukupno
stanovništvo
Prirodni priraštaj
comply
with requirements for the UN and EU.
2008
3.842
Ukupno
Muškarci
Ukupno
Muškarci
34.176
17.585
34.026
17.687
150
is part of a larger
project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance’,
2009 This report 3.843
34.550
18.001
34.904
17.884
-354
that2010
is being implemented
in the context
e-SEE Initiative.
regional project
designed by
3.843
33.528 of the17.277
34.118 It is a17.900
-1.590
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic
Thematic
Trust
Fund tosvake
support
thei prirodni
South Eastern
Tabela 1. Governance
Procjena stanovništva
u BiH
sredinom
godine
priraštajEurope region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
1.4.Karakteristike klime
The
project
is being implemented
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
Bosna
i Hercegovina
ima umjerenubykontinentalnu
klimu, koja
je većinom e-SEE
zastupljena
u
sjevernim i centralnim
dijelovima
podplaninskog
i planinskog
1000 m),
jadranski
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on theirBiH,
existing
knowledge,
networkstipa
and(preko
resources.
Empowering
(mediteranski)
i
izmijenjeni
jadranski
tip
klime,
predstavljen
u
primorju
Neuma,
koji
također
i
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the važi
Social
za nisku Hercegovinu. Iz gore spomenutih razloga, klima Bosne i Hercegovine varira od umjereno
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector. nizije
The UNDP
Country
Sarajevodo
is alpske
working
closely
kontinentalne u sjevernom
dijelu Panonske
duž rijeke
SaveOffice
i u zoniinpodnožja,
klime
u
with
the fellow
UNDPi Country
Offices
in the
region, while
the Office
of Senior
ICTniske
Advisor
at the BDP
planinskim
regijama,
mediteranske
klime
u priobalnom
području
i području
regije
Hercegovine
naNew
juguYork
i jugoistoku.
U sjevernom
države, an
prosječna
zraka općenito varira
izmeđuof
in
is providing
expertisedijelu
and playing
advisorytemperatura
role. Government-appointed
members
-1 i Regional
-2°C u januaru
i između Advisory
18 i 20°C Taskforce
u julu. Na (REGATA)
nadmorskim
od preko
1000Points
m, prosječna
the
e-Governance
actvisinama
as government
Focal
for their
temperatura varira od -4 do -7°C u januaru, a od 9 do 14°C u julu. Na Jadranskom primorju i u niskoj
respective countries.
Hercegovini, temperatura zraka varira od 3 do 9°S u januaru, a od 22 do 25°C u julu (razdoblje 19611990). Evidentirane su i ekstremne temperature od -41,8°C (niska) i 42,2°C (visoka).
23
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Nizinske oblasti sjeverne Bosne i Hercegovine imaju srednju godišnju temperaturu između
10 i 12°C, a u oblastima iznad 500 m temperatura je ispod 10°C. Srednja godišnja temperatura
zraka u priobalnom području iznosi između 12 i 17°C. U razdoblju 1981-2010. godine evidentirano
je povećanje temperature na čitavom prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine. Najveće povećanje je tokom
ljetnog i zimskog razdoblja i iznosi oko 1°C.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Godišnje količine padavina variraju od 800 mm na sjeveru duž rijeke Save, do 2.000 mm u
centralnim i jugoistočnim planinskim regijama (period 1961-1990). U kontinentalnom dijelu BiH, koji
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
pripada oblasti sliva rijeke Dunav, glavni dio godišnjih padavina se javlja u toplijoj polovici godine,
requirements
it sets in all
aspects
of e-Accessibility
how its isbrojnim
to be implemented.
is followed
dosežući maksimum
u junu.
Centralni
i južni dioand
države,
planinama i This
uskim
obalnim
bypodručjima,
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
karakterizira izmijenjeni sredozemni piuviometrijski režim pod utjecajem Jadranskog
mora, tako
da su mjesečne
maksimalne
padavina kasno ujesen i početkom zime, većinom
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility
in količine
particular.
u novembru i decembru. U razdoblju 1981-2010. na većem dijelu niske Hercegovine je evidentirano
smanjenje padavina na godišnjem nivou, dok je na većini planinskih meteo-stanica zabilježen porast
padavina. U odnosu na razdoblje 1961-1990, u ovom razdoblju je prisutna neravnomjernija raspodjela
padavina tokom godine, što je jedan od glavnih faktora koji uvjetuju češću pojavu suša i poplava.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Trajanje
sunčanih
razdobljawhen
smanjuje
se toodparticipate
primorja on
prema
i ka višim
such as older
populations
experience
seeking
equalunutrašnjosti
terms in the Information
nadmorskim visinama. Godišnja suma trajanja sunčanih sati u centralnoj planinskoj oblasti iznosi
Society.
1.700-1.900 sati, što je posljedica iznadprosječne oblačnosti - 60-70%. Zbog čestih magli tokom
hladnog razdoblja godine, solarna iradijacija u unutrašnjosti je niža nego na istoj nadmorskoj visini
e-Accessibility
potentially
refer
to any typesunčanih
of ICT used
citizens,
involves
u primorju.
U južnimcan
regijama
imamo
1.900-2.300
satiby(Mostar
= and
2.285
sati). Ueverything
sjevernoj
Bosni
i
Hercegovini
broj
sunčanih
sati
iznosi
1.800-2.000,
više
u
istočnom
dijelu
nego
u
zapadnom.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
OblačnostUp
setosmanjuje
od zapada
prema istoku.
television.
15 percent
of the population
across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or padavina
motor impairment,
and1.250
SEE mm,
countries
expect
Prosječna
godišnja
količina
u BiH je oko
što, scan
obzirom
natotohave
da jea
similar
or BiH
higher
proportion.
površina
51.209
km2, iznosi 64 x 109 m3 vode ili 2.030 m3/s. Otjecanje s teritorije BiH je 1.155 m3/s
ili 57% ukupne količine padavina. Međutim, ove količine vode nisu jednako raspoređene, prostorno
ili vremenski.
Naprimjer,
prosječno
godišnje
otjecanje
iz doline rijeke
Save, čija
površinacover
sliva
A perhaps
surprising
number of
international
agreements,
regulations
and je
guidelines
38.719 km2 (75,7%) u BiH, iznosi 722 m3/s ili 62,5%, dok otjecanje iz doline Jadranskog mora, koja
this area. At the highest international
level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
ima površinu od 12.410 km2 (24,3%) u BiH iznosi 433 m3/s ili 37,5%.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore,
moves are
afoot
to strengthen
these
and totekuća
enact dešavanja
more legislation.
U narednom
dijelu
teksta
ukratko su
opisana
i promjene u pojedinim
sektorima u odnosu na Prvi nacionalni izvještaj, kao i osnovni parametri utjecaja ovih sektora na
klimatske
promjene
i dešavanja
ovoj oblastifor
u Bosni
i Hercegovini.
Detaljniji
opisi sektora, kao
There
is at least
a five-foldujustification
early action
in the area
of e-Accessibility:
i mogući scenariji ublažavanja klimatskih promjena i prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama,
kao i popis predloženih mjera za ublažavanje i prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama u Bosni i
1. It is predstavljeni
worthwhile insuitsu own
rightpoglavljima
to improve access
to services to people who are already
Hercegovini,
kasnijim
ovog izvještaja.
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
1.5.Analiza sektora
1.5.1. Privreda i industrija
2.Pored
Improving
to services,
public and private,
to such
a significant
proportion
the
općih access
nastojanja,
tempo poslijeratnog
privrednog
oporavka
je bio mnogo
sporijiofnego
što je očekivano.
koje je uradila
Agencija
za statistiku and
BiH can
za 2010.
pokazuju
da
populationProcjene,
opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
help godinu,
public services
fulfil
je vrijednost
BDP-a
iznosila
24.584
miliona
KM,
dok
je
prosječni
BDP
po
glavi
stanovnika
iznosio
their remit in a cost effective manner.
6.397 KM. U 2009. Godini, sastav BDP-a po sektorima je bio 10,2% poljoprivreda, 23,9% industrija
3. Improving
for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
i 66% usluge
(BHAS e-Accessibility
2009.)
2
24
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Indikatori
2004.
2006.
prospects
for migrating web services
onto2005.
new platforms
such2007.
as mobile2008.
phones.2009.
Nominalni
BDPearlier
(milijarde
eura)is taken, the8,1
9,8 e-Accessibility
11,1
12,6
12,3 of
4. The
action
easier it is8,7
to integrate
into
development
and to lower the cost.
BDP poe-Services
stanovniku (eura)
2.101
2.279
2.562
2.896
3.287
3.192
Realna stopa
rasta BDP
6,3 EU guidelines
3,9
6,1recommendations
6,2
5,7
-2,9
5. Pursuing
approaches that follow
and
will assist
in the
of the development
of the Information
Society in404
the EU
convergence
of different aspects258
Prosječna
neto plata (eura)
275
300
322
385
and SEE countries.
Godišnja inflacija (%)
0,4
3,8
6,1
1,5
7,4
- 0,4
Godišnja stopa nezaposlenosti (%)
43,2
43,0
31,0
29,0
23,4
24,1
2.160
2.787
3.425
3.219
3.176
-3,68
-3,96
-3,41
-4,14
-4,82
-3,48
567
478
564
1,628
701
452
1.2.
About this report
Rezerve u stranoj valuti (milioni eura)
1.779
Trgovinski balans (milijarde eura)
The specific goals of this report are:
Ukupni FDI (milion eura)
FDI doprinos
BDP (%)
7,0
5,5
5,8
14,7including
5,6 existing
3,7legal
1. to za
outline
the international context
regarding
e-Accessibility
strategic level documents;
Depozitinstruments
domaćinstavaand
u komercijalnim
1.273
1.629
bankama (milioni eura)
2.097
2.641
2.662
2.895
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Populacija
milionima )
3,84
3,84
3,84
3,84
3,84
3,84
with( udisabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Tabela 2. Osnovni ekonomski pokazatelji za BiH u razdoblju 2004-20092
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Federacija BiH
63,79
63,62
63,73
63,30
63,45
63,77
Republika
33,59 ‘Empowering
33,95
33,75
34,35
33,93
ThisSrpska
report is part of a larger project,
Marginalised
Groups 34,26
in e-Governance’,
that
is being
of the e-SEE
project
Brčko
Distriktimplemented in the context2,62
2,42 Initiative.
2,52It is a regional
2,35
2,29 designed
2,30 by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance
Thematic
Trust
Fund
to support
Tabela
3. Učešće
entiteta
u BDP-u
BiH uthe
% South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
BDP po stanovniku u BiH, izražen u SKM (standardna kupovna moć) za 2010. iznosi 31%
priorities
of the
are therefore
fully aligned
with uthe
targets
e-SEE Agenda+.
prosjeka EU
27, project
dok je potrošnja
po stanovniku
u SKM
istoj
godiniofiznosila
37% prosjeka EU 27.
U razdoblju 2008 - 2010, BDP po stanovniku u BiH, izražen u SKM je porastao sa 30% na 31%
The
being
implemented
by the
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE Initiative
prosjeka
EUproject
27. Općiis nivo
cijena
u BiH u 2010.
iznosio
je 50% prosjeka
EU 27. U periodu
2008 –
2010. opći nivo
cijena u BiH
porastao
sa 49%
na 50% prosjeka
EU 27
(BHAS
2012). Empowering
Secretariat,
capitalizing
onje their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
2Izvor: Agencija za unapređenje stranih investicija u BiH, 2010
25
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up Grafikon
to 15 percent
of the population
across the
European
Union
has a disability,
1. Pojedinačni
doprinosi godišnjem
rastu
industrijske
proizvodnje
u BiH such as a
5,6% uimpairment,
2011. (BHAS and
2012)SEE countries can expect to have a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, orod
motor
similar or higher proportion.
Proizvodnja i
Snadbijevanje
snabdijevanje
vodom; uklanjanje
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
Vađenje ruda Prerađivačka
električnom
otpadnih voda,
Ukupno
this area. At the highest
international
level, the UNCRPD,
ratified upravljanje
and coming
into force
2008,
i kamena
industrija
energijom,
otpadom
(uin
mil
KM) is
plinom,
parom
i
i
djelatnosti
sanacije
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
klimatizacija
okoliša
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
725,4 and the Telecoms
8011,9 Framework
1284,5
212,1
10233,9
(forBiH
copyright exemptions),
(for assistive technologies).
e-Accessibility
is also
exist for153,7
programmatic6756,5
support.
FBiH covered by policy,
535,4 and guidelines
5215,4 and benchmarking
852
Furthermore,
moves are
afoot to strengthen
to enact more legislation.
RS
189,7
2519,5 these and
432,4
56,8
3198,4
Brčko distrikt
0,3
276,9
1,6
278,8
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Tabela 4. Vrijednost prodaje/isporuke industrijskih proizvoda u 2011.
1. It is worthwhile in
own rightdjelatnosti
to improve
access to
services
poits
područjima
i entitetima
(BHAS
2012)to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
U 2009. godini
BiH je bila ucertain
recesiji,populations
s padom realnog
BDP-a za 2,9%
nakon povećanja
od
increase
the disadvantages
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort in this
5,7% u 2008. godini. Ekonomska kriza je uglavnom uzrokovana padom domaće privatne potrošnje,
is likelyi to
further marginalize
these groups.
padomarea
investicija
smanjenjem
vanjske potražnje.
Trgovina je drastično usporena, građevinske
aktivnosti
i industrijska
proizvodnja
su se
u 2009.
nezaposlenost
se povećala.
2. Improving
access
to services,
public
and godini
private,smanjile,
to such aa significant
proportion
of the
Pošto u godinama prije krize nije stvoreno dovoljno fiskalnog prostora i pošto su visoki troškovi
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
prevladavali, javne financije su padom prihoda u 2009. godini, uzrokovanim ekonomskom recesijom,
their remittako
in a da
cost
manner.
jako opterećene,
sueffective
vlasti BiH
morale tražiti vanjsku podršku od međunarodne zajednice.
Mjere fiskalnog
prilagođavanja
dogovorene
s MMF-om i Svjetskom
za budžete
za 2009.
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for the marginalized
could also bankom
lead to improved
access
for
2
26
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
can reduce the
cost
of web service
andstrukturalne
enhance the
i 2010. godinu
doprinijele
suitkonsolidaciji
javnih
financija,
dok su development,
određene važne
reformeprospects
uznapredovale.
U
2010.
I
2011.
godini
mogu
se
zabilježiti
određeni
znakovi
ekonomskog
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
oporavka, pošto je fizički obim industrijske proizvodnje u BiH, prema podacima BHAS-a za 2011.
4. The earlier
action
thena
easier
it is togodinu.
integrate e-Accessibility into development of
godinu zabilježio
rast od
5,6%isutaken,
odnosu
prethodnu
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Vrijednost uvoza Bosne i Hercegovine u 2011. godini je 15,5 milijardi KM, što je za 14% više
Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist
u odnosu5.na
2010., dok
se izvoz povećao
za 15,9%
i u 2011. godini
je iznosio 8,2 milijarde
KM. in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
U hiljadama KM
2008
Izvoz robaAbout this6.711.690
1.2.
report
Promjena izvoza
13,05%
The
specific
are:
Uvoz
roba goals of this report16.286.056
2009
2010
2011
5.530.377
7.095.505
8.222.112
-17,6%
28,3 %
15,88%
12.348.466
13.616.204
15.525.428
Promjena uvoza
17,18 %
-24,18 %
10,27 %
14,02 %
Pokrivenost uvoza izvozom
41,21 %
44,79 %
52,11 %
52,96 %
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Trgovinski bilans
-9.574.366
-6.818.089
-6.520.699
-7.303.316
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Tabela 5. Spoljnotrgovinski indikatori za 2008 – 2011 (BHAS)
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Stopa nezaposlenosti u 2011. godini je iznosila 27.6 %. U julu 2012. godine broj registrovanih
5. to develop
a set ofjerecommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
how to:
nezaposlenih
u BiH iznosio
539 366, što je za oko
2% više u odnosu
na isti
period 2011.ongodine.
address the
obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Udio ženske
populacije
u registrovanim
nezaposlenima iznosi 50,9 procenata ili u apsolutnom
iznosu 274
osoba ženskoga
spola. Sveukupno
- 775comply
with requirements
for the UNgledano,
and EU.tržište rada je i dalje rascjepkano, a
uvjeti su strogi.
Na osnovu prosječnog kretanje indeksa potrošačkih cijena u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2011.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
u odnosu na prosjek 2010. godine zaključujemo da je u tom periodu inflacija u prosjeku iznosila
that
being implemented
in the context
of kategorijama
the e-SEE Initiative.
It is ai regional
3,7%.isPovećanje
cijena je zabilježeno
u svim
osim odjeće
obuće, teproject
sektoradesigned
zdravstvaby
the
UNDP Country
Officeinflacija
in Bosnia
and
Herzegovina,
DG/BDP -0,4%,
NY, anddok
funded
by the
i obrazovanja.
Godišnja
je u
2009.
godini bilasupported
negativnabyi dosegla
je 20010.
godine iznosila
2,1%.Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
UNDP’s
Democratic
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
Postavke monetarne politike su nepromijenjene od maja 2009. nakon što su minimalne
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
obavezne rezerve smanjivane više puta od oktobra 2008. kako bi se povećala likvidnost bankarskog
priorities
the project
are therefore
fullyOštra
aligned
with the targets
e-SEE
Agenda+.
sektora u of
vrijeme
financijskih
kolebanja.
ekonomska
kriza u of
2009.
godini
otkrila je ranjivost
modela rasta BiH, koji se oslanja na potrošnju financiranu izvana, čime se stvara veliki vanjski debalans.
Thegledano,
project održivost
is being makroekonomskih
implemented by the
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Sveukupno
politika
je bila slaba zbog
strukturnihe-SEE
slabostiInitiative
javnih
financija, iakocapitalizing
su se vanjskion
debalansi
popravili,knowledge,
a financijskanetworks
i monetarna
stabilnost
je očuvana.
Secretariat,
their existing
and
resources.
Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Ukupna proizvodnja električne energije u BiH za 2011. godinu iznosila je 14 049 GWh, što
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
predstavlja smanjenje od oko 13% u odnosu na isti period prethodne godine. Ovaj pad proizvodnje
respective
countries.
je uzrokovan
prvenstveno lošom hidrološkom situacijom u odnosu na prethodnu godinu, što je
1.5.2. Energija
rezultiralo smanjenjem proizvodnje električne energije u hidroelektranama.
27
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Grafikon
2. Proizvodnja električne energije u BiH u fizičkim jedinicama GWH
similar or higher
proportion.
(Državna regulatorna komisija za električnu energiju BiH)
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
Ukupna potrošnja električne energije u BiH tokom 2010. godine je iznosila 10 347 GWh,
this
area. godine
At the highest
international
theu UNCRPD,
and coming
force inpotrošnji
2008, is
a 2011.
nastavila
trend rastalevel,
od 3%
odnosu naratified
prethodnu
godinu. into
U finalnoj
the
relevant energije
legal context.
singledomaćinstva
EU directivesudjeluju
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions
are
električne
u 2010.Nogodini
sa 43,9%,
industrija sa but
35,7%,
a ostali
potrošači
uključujući
građevinarstvo,
transport
i
poljoprivredu
sudjeluju
sa
20,4%.
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Ukupna by
proizvodnja
toplotne
energije
Bosni i Hercegovini
2010.
godini je 6.001
TJ, od
is also covered
policy, and
guidelines
andu benchmarking
existufor
programmatic
support.
čega je 3.791 TJ ili 63,2% proizvedeno u toplanama, 1.403 TJ ili 23,4% u termoelektranama, a 807
Furthermore,
moves
are afootu to
strengthen these
and to enact
more potrošnji
legislation.
TJ ili 13,4% je
proizvedeno
industrijskim
energanama.
U finalnoj
toplotne energije u
2010. godini najveće učešće imaju domaćinstva sa 74,6%, a industrija i ostali potrošači sa 25,4%.
Sveobuhvatna
postoji,justification
a entiteti nisu
svoje
koje su preuzete
There is strategija
at least a ne
five-fold
for uskladili
early action
in planove.
the areaObaveze
of e-Accessibility:
u okviru Ugovora o Energetskoj zajednici u pogledu promoviranja energije iz obnovljivih izvora
i biogoriva nisu ispunjene. Kasni se s izradom akcijskog plana za energetsku efikasnost, čija je
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
izrada u toku, s ciljem da se ispune obaveze iz Ugovora o Energetskoj zajednici.
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase
the efikasnost
disadvantages
certain
populationsi uface.
Conversely,
insufficient
effort in this
Energetska
u Bosni
i Hercegovini,
smislu
proizvodnje
i transformacije,
kao
area potrošnje,
is likely to niska
further
groups. privredama. Proizvodnja energije u BiH
i u smislu
jemarginalize
u poređenjuthese
s razvijenim
se zasniva na tehnologijama razvijenim prije tridesetak godina, kada je izgrađen određeni broj
access to U
services,
public andnovih
private,
to such iakod
significant
proportion
of the
blokova2.uImproving
termoelektranama.
slučaju izgradnje
postrojenja
velikih obnova
postojećih,
population
significant gdje
market/sales
opportunities,
andpotrebno
can help je
public
services
fulfil
potrebno
je uvesti opens
nove tehnologije,
god je to moguće.
Općenito,
povećati
svjesnost
o uštedama
koje se
povećanjem
their remit
in mogu
a cost postići
effective
manner. energetske efikasnosti. Uštede energije zahtijevaju
ulaganja, ali se ta ulaganja brzo isplate.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
28
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduce
the cost kapacitet
of web service
development,
and enhance
the
Obnovljivi
izvori
energije
(osim
za značajan
hidroelektrana),
u trenutnom
nivou
razvoja iprospects
u postojećem
udjelu
ukupne
potrošnje
energije,
mogli
bi
samo
doprinijeti,
a
ne
i
zamijeniti
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
glavne pogone. Međutim, ove tehnologije se brzo razvijaju i njihova upotreba se povećava.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
1.5.3. Transport
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
Prema
raspoloživim
podacima
od nadležnih
institucija, Society
ukupna indužina
aspectsprikupljenim
of the development
of the Information
the EU
convergence
of different
cestovne mreže u Bosni i Hercegovini iznosi 22.740,20 km od čega je 72,60 km autocesta, 3.786,00
and SEE countries.
km magistralnih, 4.681,60 km regionalnih, te oko 14.200 km lokalnih cesta.
1.2. About
this report
Kategorija ceste
FBiH
Autocesta
37,60
The
specific goals of this report
are:
Magistralna cesta
2.005,00
Dužina (km)
RS
Distrikt Brčko
Ukupno
35,00
-
72,60
1.781,00
**
3.786,00
1. tocesta
outline the international
context
regarding e-Accessibility
including
existing legal
Regionalna
2.461,80
2.183,00
36,80
4.681,60
instruments and strategic level documents;
Lokalna cesta
**
**
170,66
14.200,00
2. to develop a comparative
e-Accessibility 207,46*
for able-bodied people
versus people
UKUPNO
4.504,40* picture of3.999,00*
22.740,20
withlokalnih
disabilities;
*podaci o dužini
puteva na entitetskom nivou nisu dostavljeni
6. Ukupna
cestovne mreže
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
3. to assess Tabela
the current
leveldužina
of e-Accessibility
and
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
U 2011. godini je registrirano ukupno 950.915 cestovna motorna vozila. Od ukupnog broja
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
registriranih cestovnih motornih vozila u 2010. godini 86% odnosi se na putnička vozila, 9% na
theostale
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
teretna vozila,
aaddress
5% na sve
kategorije
vozila. Od ukupnog broja registriranih motornih vozila
comply
with
requirements
for
the
UN andvozila
EU. u 2010. godini. Posmatrano prema
6% se odnosi na prvi put registrirana cestovna
motorna
tipu pogonske energije, 57% vozila koristi dizel, 41% benzin, a 2 % vozila ostale vidove energije.
Obimreport
cestovnog
transporta
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
je za
2011. godinu
predstavljen
preko dva
This
is part
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
pokazatelja: prevoz robe i prevoz putnika. Prema oba pokazatelja obim transporta je imao porast
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
u odnosu na 2010. god. za oko 3%. Detaljniji pokazatelji o obimu transporta prema pojedinačnoj
the
UNDPpredstavljeni
Country Office
Bosnia and
Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
strukturi
su in
u sljedećoj
tabeli.
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the
Inclusive
of the e-SEE Agenda+,
the
Prevoz
robe Information Society Priority Area
2010.
2011.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Pređeni kilometri vozila (u 000)
284.680
317.032
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Prevezeno tona robe (u 000)
4.837
4.857
project
is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based 2.038.731
UNDP-funded e-SEE
Initiative
Tonski The
kilometri
(u 000)
2.308.690
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Prevoz putnika and the e-SEE Secretariat are
2010.
2011.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance
positioned within
the Social
Inclusion/Democratic
Sector. The UNDP Country Office97.663
in Sarajevo is working
Pređeni kilometri vozilaGovernance
(u 000)
93.823 closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Prevezeni putnici (u 000)
28.702
29.303
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Putnički kilometri (u 000)
1.864.471
1.926.212
the
Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government
Focal Points
for their
respective countries.
Tabela 7. Obim transporta prema pojedinačnoj strukturi
29
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Mreža željeznica BiH se sastoji od 1.031 km željezničkih pruga, od kojih se 425 km nalazi u
RS i 616 km u FBiH. Iako je gustoća željezničkog saobraćaja u BiH usporediva s državama zapadne
Evrope, količina prevoza robe i putnika po kilometru željeznice je daleko ispod evropskog prosjeka.
Postojeće stanje željezničke infrastrukture je takvo da je normalan saobraćaj onemogućen
bez većih ulaganja, a postojeća količina prevoza je nedovoljna za stvaranje dovoljno prihoda za
pokrivanje troškova.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Obim željezničkog transporta u Bosni i Hercegovini je za baznu 2011. godinu predstavljen
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
poмоću dva pokazatelja: prevoz robe i prevoz putnika, sljedećom tabelom:
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Prevoz robe
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
Tonski kilometri (u 000)
Prevezeno tona robe (u 000)
2010.
2011.
12.882
14.224
1.232.034
1.298.294
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Prevoz putnika
2010.
2011.
Society.
Prevezeni putnici (u 000)
898
821
e-Accessibility
can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens,
everything
Putnički
kilometri (u 000)
58.559 and involves
54.811
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Tabelaof8.the
Obim
željezničkog
transporta
u Bosni i Union
Hercegovini
television. Up to 15 percent
population
across
the European
has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
Za razliku od cestovnog, obim željezničkog transporta je u oblasti prevoza putnika imao
pad u odnosu na 2010. god. za oko 8,5%. Navedeni pokazatelj najbolje ilustrira postojeće trendove,
A perhaps ublažavanja
surprising number
of transporta
international
agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
ali i mogućnosti
u oblasti
u BiH.
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Od 27
zvanično
aerodroma
u Bosni
i Hercegovini,
samo subutčetiri
od njih
the relevant
legal
context.registriranih
No single EU
directive is
dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions
are
(Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar i Tuzla) registrirana za međunarodni saobraćaj (Ministarstvo
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
komunikacija i transporta BiH, 2005). Godišnji broj putnika je oko 570.000 za Sarajevski aerodrom,
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and the
Telecoms
Framework
(for veći
assistive
technologies).
dok
Banja Luka,
Mostar i Tuzla
imaju
relativno
nizak, ali sve
broj putnika.
U Bosnie-Accessibility
i Hercegovini
isne
also
covered
by policy,
guidelines
and benchmarking
exist for programmatic
postoji
unutrašnji
zračniand
saobraćaj
i svi podaci
se odnose na međunarodni
saobraćaj. U I. support.
kvartalu
2011.
godine
broj
aerodromskih
operacija
pokazuje
pad
od
4,9%
u
odnosu
na
isti
kvartal
prethodne
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
godine. Broj prevezenih putnika je veći za 7,8 % u odnosu na isti kvartal prethodne godine.
There
is iat
least a five-fold
justification
early obalu
actionuinNeumu
the area
of e-Accessibility:
Bosna
Hercegovina
ima veoma
kratkufor
morsku
i nema
reguliran adekvatan
pristup međunarodnim vodama, i samim tim, nema reguliranu morsku luku. Međunarodna luka
koja je1.najvažnija
za privredu
BiH right
je luka
Ploče u access
Hrvatskoj,
kapaciteta
5 miliona
It is worthwhile
in its own
to improve
to services
to people
whotona/godina
are already
(Ministarstvo
komunikacija
i
transporta,
2005).
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
U BiH rijeka Sava je glavna plovna rijeka i njenih 333 km dužine u BiH također je i granica
further
marginalize
these
groups.
izmeđuarea
BiH,iss likely
jedne to
strane,
i Hrvatske
i Srbije,
s druge.
Zbog toga što je rijeka Sava pritoka Dunava,
vodni prevoz
duž Saveaccess
je povezan
s Dunavom,
kojiand
se smatra
Transevropskim
transportnim
koridorom
2. Improving
to services,
public
private,
to such a significant
proportion
of the
VII. Osnovna obilježja stanja u riječnom prometu BiH su: zapušteni plovni putevi, nepostojanje
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
tehnološki moderne flote (tegljenje umjesto potiskivanja), tehnička i tehnološka zastarjelost,
their remit in luka
a costi effective
manner.
kao i devastiranost
nedostatak
brodogradilišta s navozom. Kao pozitivnu činjenicu treba
napomenuti da riječna plovidba ima institucionalno jednak status kao i drugi saobraćajni vidovi.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
30
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
1.5.4.able-bodied
Poljoprivreda
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Poljoprivreda predstavlja jednu od strateških grana privrednog razvoja BiH za koju je
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
vezan veliki udio ekonomskih aktivnosti zemlje, naročito u ruralnim područjima.Udio sektora
e-Services
to lower the
cost. djelatnosti u strukturi BDP-a za 2010. godinu je iznosio
poljoprivrede,
lova iand
pripadajućih
uslužnih
6,25% (BHAS).
Prema
podacima Ankete
o radnoj
snazi za 2011.
koju su sprovele
statističke
5. Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
and godinu
recommendations
will assist
in the
institucije, broj zaposlenih u poljoprivredi iznosio je oko 160.000 što je više od 19% od ukupnog broja
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
zaposlenih u BiH. Od ukupne površine Bosne i Hercegovine oko 2,3 miliona ha ili 46% je pogodno
and SEE od
countries.
za poljoprivredu
kojih se samo 0,65% navodnjava. Od toga, oranice zauzimaju 1.009.000 ha ili
20,0% ukupnog zemljišta, od kojeg je 478.000 ha ili 47% trenutno neobrađeno. Po glavi stanovnika
dolazi oko 0,56 ha poljoprivrednog zemljišta, od čega 0,36 ha čine oranice i vrtovi.
1.2. About this report
Četrdeset i pet posto poljoprivrednog zemljišta je brdovito (od 300 do 700 metara nadmorske
visine), srednjeg kvaliteta i podesno za poluintenzivno stočarstvo. Planinska područja (preko 700
The specific goals of this report are:
metara nadmorske visine) čine daljih 35% poljoprivrednog zemljišta. Međutim, velika nadmorska
visina, nagib kao i neplodnost tla ograničava korištenje ovog zemljišta za ispašu stoke samo u
1. proljeća
to outline
the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
razdoblju
i ljeta.
instruments and strategic level documents;
Manje od 20% poljoprivrednog zemljišta (polovica od ukupnog obradivog zemljišta) pogodno
2. to develop
a comparative
picturese
of nalazi
e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
versus
people
je za intenzivnu
poljoprivredu,
a uglavnom
u nizinskim
područjima na
sjeveru
zemlje
iu
with
disabilities;
dolinama
rijeka.
Prirodni vodni resursi su obilni, s mnogim nezagađenim rijekama i dostupnim
podzemnim vodama. Usprkos obilju vode, snabdijevanje vodom je limitirajući faktor za proizvodnju
3. to
assess the
current
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
u mnogim
oblastima.
Oko
10.000level
ha (0,1
procenat obradivog
zemljišta) je navodnjavano
prije rata.
to identify
good
practicesje
inznatno
the region;
Područje4.koje
se danas
navodnjava
manje od ovoga zbog šteta izazvanih ratom, minskih
polja, nedostatka
održavanja,
krađe, itd.
5. to develop
a set of recommendations
for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
U nizinskim oblastima, prirodni uvjeti su pogodni za održivu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
i modernu tržišnu ekonomiju. Tla s najvišim kvalitetom mogu se naći u dolinama rijeka Save,
Une, Sane, Vrbasa, Bosne i Drine. U visijama Bosne i Hercegovine nalazi se manje vrijedno
poljoprivredno zemljište, pogodno za uzgoj stoke i komplementarnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju,
This report
larger
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
zatim zdravu
hranuis
zapart
ljudeofi ahranu
zaproject,
stoku, ječam
za proizvodnju
za pivare,
proizvodnju
krompira,
itd. Poljoprivredno
zemljišteinuthe
mediteranskoj
regiji
pokriva
teritoriju
Dinarida
i nizine
regijeby
that
is being implemented
context of the
e-SEE
Initiative.
It is južnih
a regional
project
designed
Hercegovine.
Kraška
poljainu Bosnia
ovom području
pokrivaju oko
170.000by
ha.
Možda bi
moglo
biti moguće
the
UNDP Country
Office
and Herzegovina,
supported
DG/BDP
NY,
and funded
by the
organizirati intenzivne staklenike i poljoprivredni uzgoj na otvorenom, uzgoj vinove loze, masovan
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
uzgoj voća iz porodice citrusa i povrća, slatkovodni uzgoj ribe, i držanje pčela.
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regionalUaction
plan
forodInformation
Society development,
and
the UNCRPD.
programmatic
BiH ima
više
500.000 poljoprivrednih
gazdinstava
(procjena
USAID The
FARMA
projekta).
Prosječnaofveličina
oko 50%
gazdinstava
dva ha,with
dok the
je veličina
od 80%
gazdinstava manja
priorities
the project
are therefore
fullyjealigned
targetsviše
of e-SEE
Agenda+.
od pet ha. Imajući u vidu da naši poljoprivrednici uglavnom na svom imanju, pa čak i na jednoj
parceli The
proizvode
više
i povrća, ozbiljniji
poljoprivredne
proizvodnjee-SEE
se ne može
ni
project
is vrsta
beingvoća
implemented
by the razvoj
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
očekivati.
Iako
ima
vidljivog
napretka,
još
uvijek
prevladava
uglavnom
ekstenzivna
proizvodnja
voća
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
i povrća što rezultira niskim prosječnim prinosima kultura, i dodatno poskupljuje proizvod i čini ga
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
withinzemljišnih
the Social
nekonkurentnim
na domaćem,
ali i na inozemnom
tržištu.
Nivo racionalnog
korištenja
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector. The
Country
Officeposjeda.
in Sarajevo is working closely
resursa ima ključnu ulogu,
kao i vlasništvo
nad UNDP
zemljištem
i veličina
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Erozije
i poplave expertise
obradivogand
tla u
BiH ugrožavaju
žetve
održivu upotrebu tla. Lijevče
polje,of
in New York
is providing
playing
an advisory
role.i Government-appointed
members
Semberija i plodno obradivo zemljište duž rijeka Drine, Bosne, Vrbasa, Sane, Une, Save i Neretve s
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Trebišnjicom su dovedeni u opasnost.
respective countries.
31
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Oranične površine prema načinu korištenja (2011)
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
14%
1%
8%
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to 47%
be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
30%
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
0%
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
žitarice
ugari
krmno bilje
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
rasadnici
industrijsko bilje
povrće
Society.
Grafikon
3. Oranične
površine
prema
korištenja
(BHAS 2011)
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refer
to any
type načinu
of ICT used
by citizens,
and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Politika u sektoru poljoprivrede, prehrane i ruralnog razvoja BiH posljednjih se godina
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
razvija u skladu s ciljevima i potrebama za pripremu i priključenje Evropskoj uniji. Iako je BiH
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
andi SEE
canekonomske
expect to have
posljednjih
godina
ostvarila
značajan
ekonomski
napredak,
daljecountries
su potrebne
refo­a
similar
orbihigher
proportion.
rme da
se stekli
uvjeti za pridruživanje Evropskoj uniji. Prema dokumentu Evropske komisije
o napretku Bosne i Hercegovine u 2010. godini ostvaren je mali napredak u usklađivanju s evro­
pskimAstandardima
u oblasti
poljoprivrede
i ruralnog
razvoja. Izrađeni
su državni
strateškicover
plan
perhaps surprising
number
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
i operativni program za usklađivanje u sektoru poljoprivrede, prehrane i ruralnog razvoja. Ipak,
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
provođenje još uvijek nije započelo. Strateški plan ruralnog razvoja i Akcioni plan Republike
the
relevant
context.
No single
EUzadirective
is dedicated
e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
Srpske,
kaolegal
i Operativni
program
FBiH
usklađivanje
u oblastito
poljoprivrede,
prehrane
i ruralnog
spread
areas
such as sTelevision
subtitling),
Copyright
Directive
razvojaacross
moraju
se uskladiti
državnim Without
okvirom.Frontiers
Usvojen (for
je određeni
brojthe
propisa
za provođenje
Okvirnog
zakona
o
poljoprivredi,
prehrani
i
ruralnom
razvoju,
kao
i
za
provođenje
Zakona
o
duhanu.
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
nedostatak
provedbenog
zakonodavstva
sprečava koordinaciju
usklađenih strategija
isSveukupni
also covered
by policy,
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist for programmatic
support.i
zakonodavstva u ovoj oblasti u cijeloj zemlji.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Robna razmjena u agroindustrijskom sektoru (Poljoprivredni proizvodi razvrstani u skladu
is at least ua 2010.
five-fold
justification
for zabilježila
early action
in the
area ofu e-Accessibility:
s WTOThere
klasifikacijom)
godini
je u uvozu
rast
od 6,83%
odnosu na prethodnu
godinu, dok je izvoz iz BiH u istom razdoblju zabilježio rast od 30,29%. Uvoz poljoprivrednih proizvoda
u ukupnom
u BiH sudjeluje
18,81%,
dok izvozaccess
poljoprivrednih
proizvoda
u ukupnom
izvozu
1. It isuvozu
worthwhile
in its owns right
to improve
to services
to people
who are already
iz BiH sudjeluje s 8,65%. Pokrivenost uvoza izvozom poljoprivrednih proizvoda je u posmatranom
marginalized.
It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
razdoblju
iznosila 23,97%.
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Prema
podacima
koji sumarginalize
dostupni u Analizi
vanjskotrgovinske razmjene Bosne i Hercegovine
area
is likely
to further
these groups.
za 2011. godinu, koju je uradilo MVTEO, površine zasijane žitaricama su iznosile 303.000 ha, krmnim
Improving
access to78.000
services,
and private,
to such
significant
proportion
of the
biljem 2.
138.000
ha, povrćem
ha public
i industrijskim
biljem
8.000a ha.
Ostvarena
proizvodnja
u
population
opens
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and
can
help
public
services
fulfil
2011. godini je iznosila 1.077.387 t žitarica, 771.999 krmnog bilja, 676.109 t povrća, te 10.113 t
industrijskih
kultura.
their remit
in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
32
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; it zemljišni
can reduceposjedi,
the costslaba
of web
service development,
enhance the
Mali
i fragmentirani
tehnička
opremljenost and
poljoprivrednih
gazdinstava,
zastarjele
tehnologije
proizvodnje,
niska
upotreba
inputa,
simbolično
korištenje
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
sistema za navodnjavanje, te još uvijek dominantna prisutnost ekstenzivnog i naturalnog načina
4. The
earlier
is faktora
taken, the
is skromnu
to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
proizvodnje,
samo
su action
neki od
kojieasier
utiču itna
ukupnu
poljoprivrednu
proizvodnju.of
Dodatno,e-Services
ostvareni and
niskitoprosječni
lower theprinosi
cost. kultura poskupljuju proizvod i čine ga nekonkurentnim
na inozemnom, ali i domaćem tržištu. Izdvajanja za podršku poljoprivrednom sektoru u BiH nisu
5. Pursuing
approaches
follow EU guidelines
and
recommendations
will assist
the
bila dovoljna
i iznosila
su 26 KM that
po stanovniku,
44 KM po ha
poljoprivrednog
zemljišta,
61 KMinpo
of the development
of the Information
Society
the EU
convergence
of different
ha ekvivalentno
obradivoj
površini.aspects
Iako budžetska
podrška namijenjena
ovom sektoru
imainuzlazni
trend u zadnjih
nekoliko
godina,
treba
јu
harmonizirati
i
približiti
mjerama
sličnim
u
EU.
and SEE countries.
1.2.
this report
1.5.5. About
Šumarstvo
Bosna
i Hercegovina
ima
The specific
goals
of this report
are:posebno bogatu biološku raznolikost zbog svoje lokacije u
tri različite geološke i klimatske regije: mediteranska regija, eurosibirsko-američka regija i
alpsko-nordijska regija. BiH je jedna od zemalja u Evropi s najvećom raznolikošću vrsta biljaka
1. to
outline
thei international
context
including
existingi oko
legal
i životinja.
Floru
Bosne
Hercegovine čini
oko regarding
4.500 višihe-Accessibility
biljaka, 600 taksona
mahovina
instruments
and2011).
strategic
level documents;
80 papratnjača
(Brujić
Trenutno
se nalazi oko 250 vrsta šumskog drveća i grmlja. U
šumama živi preko 200 vrsta faune. Čak se 30% od ukupne endemske flore Balkana (1.800
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
vrsta) nalazi u flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Popisi faune ukazuju da je životinjsko carstvo bogato
with disabilities;
i raznovrsno,
posebno u poređenju s drugim državama na Balkanu i u Evropi, ali ova bogata
biološka3.raznolikost
je ugrožena.
Bitno
je da se napomene
da je samo okostakeholders;
1% teritorije BiH pod
to assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
zaštićenim područjem, (tri nacionalna parka i dva parka prirode), što je poražavajuća činjenica
4. to
goodbiodiverzitetom
practices in thei region;
s obzirom
naidentify
bogatstvo
potencijale prirodnih resursa. S obzirom na područje
to develop
a set geoloških
of recommendations
for government
andjeother
on how to:
države i 5.
broj
registriranih
rariteta, Bosna
i Hercegovina
jednastakeholders
od država s najvećom
raznolikošću
uaddress
Evropi i the
svijetu.
obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Šume i šumsko zemljište zauzimaju površinu od oko 27.000 km2 ili oko 53% teritorije
BiH: oko 23.000 km2 od toga su šume i oko 4.000 km2 šumsko zemljište. Godišnji porast šuma je
relativno nizak zbog toga što tzv. ekonomske šume (šume kojima se može upravljati na privrednoj
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
osnovi) pokrivaju samo 13.000 km2 (otprilike 25% teritorije BiH) i čak i one imaju nizak nivo rezervi
that
is (toliko
being implemented
in the216
context
of sthe
e-SEE Initiative.
It is a regional
project
građe
je nizak da iznosi
m3/ha
postepenim
povećanjem
građe skoro
5,5designed
m3/ha odby
2
the
UNDP
Country Office
in Bosnia
andoko
Herzegovina,
supported17%)
by DG/BDP
and fundedšuma,
by the
polovice
potencijala
staništa).
Postoji
9.000 km (otprilike
niskih i NY,
degradiranih
3
s veomaDemocratic
niskim postepenim
povećanjem
1 mto/ha)
i bez the
ekonomske
vrijednosti
s tačke
UNDP’s
Governance
Thematic(otprilike
Trust Fund
support
South Eastern
Europe
region
3
gledišta
proizvodnje
drvne
građe.
Na
osnovu
ovog
porasta,
oko
7miliona
m
/god
se
sjeklo
u
BiH
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+,
the
prije rata i ovaj potencijal bi trebao biti osnova za strateški razvoj drvno-prerađivačke industrije.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Zbog aktivnosti kao što su nelegalna sječa šuma, iskopavanje ruda, šumski požari i ostalo,
is being
implemented
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
oblasti The
pod project
šumskim
pokrivačem
se brzo by
smanjuju,
štoviše, značajan
dio šumskog
pokrivača
je proglašen capitalizing
miniranim (brojevi
ukazuju
na knowledge,
otprilike 10%)
i pretrpioand
je vidnu
štetu zbog
ratnih
Secretariat,
on their
existing
networks
resources.
Empowering
aktivnosti.
Pored
toga,
postoji
opsežno
pitanje
neriješenih
imovinskih
sporova
i
nezakonitog
stjecanja
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
zemljišta, koji su u fazi čekanja rješenja zbog složenih pravnih mehanizama i administracije.
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with theOko
fellow
UNDP
in the
region,
while the
of Senior
ICT Advisoru at
the BDP
50%
šumaCountry
kojimaOffices
upravljaju
javne
institucije
imaOffice
certifikat
za upravljanje
skladu
s
FSC
standardima,
a nekeexpertise
su otišleand
i korak
daljeando
ISO certifikata,
kako bi moderniziralemembers
svoj rad iof
in
New
York is providing
playing
advisory
role. Government-appointed
pokazale
posvećenost
održivom
upravljanju
šumama.
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
Pravni i institucionalni okvir koji pokriva šumarstvo je strukturiran preko dva entiteta.
33
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Ukupna proizvodnja šumskih sortimenata u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2011. manja je za 3,17%
u odnosu na 2010. godinu (BHAS). Proizvodnja sortimenata četinarskih vrsta drveća bilježi mali
porast od 0,16%, dok proizvodnja sortimenata lišćarskih vrsta u isto vrijeme bilježi značajniji pad
od 5,74%. Najveće povećanje proizvodnje je u kategoriji tehničkog drveta četinara i to: rudničkog
drveta za 16,20% i ostalog dugog drveta za 11,96%. Proizvodnja sortimenata lišćara bilježi pad
u svim kategorijama, a najveći je u proizvodnji prostornog drveta, za 19,35%. Prodaja je ukupno
gledano manja za 4,27% u poređenju sa 2010. godinom, dok prosječne zalihe iznose 351844 m³
sortimenata i manje su za 14,21% nego u 2010. godini.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
Grafikon 4. Proizvodnja šumskih sortimenata u 1000 m³ u 2010. i 2011. godini (BHAS)
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright
exemptions),
and proizvedenog
the Telecoms Framework
assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
Procijenjena
količina
komunalnog(for
otpada
za 2010.
godinu iznosi
1.521.877
istona,
alsoodnosno
covered396
by kg
policy,
and guidelines
and
benchmarking
exist na
fordan.
programmatic
support.
po stanovniku
godišnje,
ili 1.08
kg po stanovniku
U 2010. godini
javnim
odvozom je prikupljeno
1.499.023
tona komunalnog
otpada,
štomore
je za legislation.
10% više u odnosu na 2009.
Furthermore,
moves are afoot
to strengthen
these and
to enact
godinu. Procenat stanovnika koji su uključeni u odvoz komunalnog otpada iznosi prosječno 68%.
Ostatak populacije, koja ne koristi komunalne usluge, naseljava najvećim dijelom ruralna područja.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
U ukupnoj količini prikupljenog otpada, miješani komunalni otpad sudjeluje s 92,4%, odvojeno
prikupljeni komunalni otpad 6,0%, otpad iz vrtova i parkova 1,1% i ambalažni otpad s 0,4%.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Na odlagalištaItotpada
je u 2010.
godini odloženo
1.516.423 tona
otpada,
što je za
6,6%than
više
marginalized.
helps fulfil
the promise
of the Information
Society
to reduce
rather
u odnosu
na 2009.
Podaci ocertain
tokovima
otpada koji
je Conversely,
dopremljen na
odlagališta
potvrđuju
increase
the godinu.
disadvantages
populations
face.
insufficient
effort
in this
potpuno oslanjanje na trajno odlaganje komunalnog otpada na odlagališta.
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
1.5.6. Upravljanje otpadom
razvojnom
strategijom
lokacija zaproportion
sanitarno of
odla­
2.Srednjoročnom
Improving access
to services,
public se
andpredviđa
private,uvođenje
to such a16significant
the
ganje čvrstog
otpada:
10
u
FBiH
i
6
u
RS.
Posebno
važno
je
što
još
uvijek
nema
postrojenja
za
tretman
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
medicinskog i drugog opasnog otpada, dok su rezultati recikliranja industrijskog i komunalnog
remit
in a costZbog
effective
otpadatheir
i dalje
ograničeni.
togamanner.
su poboljšanje tretmana industrijskog i medicinskog otpada,
zbrinjavanje
komunalnog
otpada
i
recikliranje
izazovi za koje
se tek
naziru
napretka.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized
could
also
lead znaci
to improved
access for
2
34
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
1.5.7.able-bodied
Upravljanje
vodnim resursima
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Teritorija BiH pokriva dva glavna riječna sliva: sliv rijeke Save (38.719 km ili 75.7% ukupne po­vrši­
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
ne) i sliv Jadranskog mora (12.410 km ili 24.3% ukupne površine). Prosječno godišnje otjecanje iz sliva
e-Services
toililower
the
cost.
rijeke Save
iznosi 722and
m3/s
62.5%,
dok
otjecanje iz sliva Jadranskog mora iznosi 433 m3/s ili 37,5%.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
Bosna i Hercegovina posjeduje znatne vodne resurse i u budućnosti voda bi mogla postati
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
jedan od osnova općeg ekonomskog razvoja u mnogim oblastima. Nepovoljna prostorna i vremenska
and otjecanja
SEE countries.
distribucija
vode zahtijeva izgradnju pogona za upravljanje vodama znatne veličine i
složenosti, kako bi se omogućila racionalna eksploatacija voda, zaštita kvaliteta i kvantiteta voda, i
zaštita od štetnih efekata voda.
1.2. About this report
Stanje postrojenja za kontrolu poplava je veoma loše, kao rezultat ratne štete, mnogih
godina bez održavanja i minskih polja koja se nalaze pored nekih objekata. Ovo se posebno odnosi
The specific goals of this report are:
na gradove duž rijeke Save. Posljedice poplava su rezultat izuzetno visokih voda u ovoj oblasti, koje
bi, ako se pojave, bile nemjerljive.
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic
Trustdva
Fund
tousupport
the South Eastern Europe region
Slika 3. Karta
sliva
BiH
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
januaru
2008.
u u FBiH
su osnovane
dvije agencije
za vode: "Agencija
za vodno
regionalUaction
plan
for godine
Information
Society
development,
and the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
područje
rijeke
Save"
i
"Agencija
za
vodno
područje
Jadranskog
mora".
U
januaru
2013.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+. godine u
RS je, umjesto agencija za vode oblasnog riječnog sliva Save i Trebišnjice formirana Javna ustanova
"Vode Srpske“, nadležna za upravljanje vodama u RS.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their existing
knowledge,
networks
and resources.
Empowering
U 2011.
godini bilo on
je 329.954.000
m3 ukupno
zahvaćenih
i preuzetih
količina vode
što je za
Marginalised
Groupsnain2010.
e-Governance
the e-SEE
Secretariat
positioned
within
Social
3% manje u odnosu
godinu. Odand
ukupne
zahvaćene
količineare
vode
iz podzemnih
je the
izvorišta
zahvaćeno 45,9%, iz izvora
36,8%, iz
vodotoka
akumulacija
iz jezera
1,3%. U closely
2011.
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
The15,1%,
UNDP izCountry
Office 0,8%,
in Sarajevo
is working
3
godini
količina
ukupno
isporučene
vode
iz
javnog
vodovoda
je
iznosila
150.834.000
m
što
jeBDP
za
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the
8,4% manje u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. U strukturi potrošnje vode najveći su potrošač bila
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
domaćinstva, koja su utrošila 76,3% ukupno isporučene vode iz javnog vodovoda.
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.ispusti otpadnih voda, pristup pitkoj vodi i upravljanje poplavama i dalje su
Neprerađeni
ključna pitanja.
35
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.5.8. Zdravstvo
Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) je zemlja članica Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO), koja
je prihvatila revidirane Međunarodne zdravstvene propise [IHR (2005)], koji su stupili na snagu 15.
juna 2007. [IHR (2005) član 59]. Organizacija, financiranje i pružanje zdravstvene zaštite su u nadležnosti entiteta i Brčko distrikta, a reguliraju ih Federalno ministarstvo zdravstva, Ministarstvo
zdravlja i socijalne zaštite Republike Srpske i Odjel za zdravstvo i ostale usluge Brčko distrikta. Na
državnom
Ministarstvo
civilnih of
poslova,
kao odgovorno
ministarstvoand
u Vijeću
This
sectionnivou
presents
an overview
the UNCRPD,
its significance
main ministara
sections,BiH,
the
ima
mandat
da
“obavlja
poslove
i
izvršava
zadatke
koji
su
u
nadležnosti
Bosne
i
Hercegovine
i
koji
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
se odnose na utvrđivanje osnovnih načela koordiniranja aktivnosti, usklađivanja planova entitetskih
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
tijela vlasti i definiranje strategije na međunarodnom planu u oblasti zdravstva i socijalne zaštite”
disability
general and e-Accessibility
in particular.
(Zakon oinministarstvima
i ostalim organima
uprave BiH, 2003, član 15). Posmatrano s distance od
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
dvije godine u odnosu na prethodni izvještaj uočava se da su ukupni tekući troškovi na zdravstvo u
BiH iznosili 10,3% BDP-a, što je iznad EU27 prosjeka od 9,2% BDP-a i da su viši za gotovo 3,0% u
odnosu na podatak iznesen u prvom izvještaju (7,6% BDP). Međutim, ako se posmatraju po glavi stanovnika, onda su ovi troškovi sedam puta manji nego u Sloveniji, odnosno tri puta manji nego
e-Accessibility
u Hrvatskoj3. is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society. Potrošnja domaćinstava na usluge zdravstvene zaštite, tzv. troškovi van-džepa (out-ofpocket expenditure) čine značajnu stavku potrošnje na zdravstvene usluge. U 2008. ovi troškovi su
iznosili 42% ukupnih troškova i bili su znatno viši nego u zemljama članicama EU, 9,6% Slovenija;
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
13,1% Njemačka, 22,3% Portugal.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.I dalje
Up tose
15upercent
of the population
across
the European
a disability,
such as a
Bosni i Hercegovini
kao vodeći
uzrok
smrtnostiUnion
bilježehas
oboljenja
cirkulacijskog
sistema
s
učešćem
od
50,92%,
u
RS
i
53,4%
u
FBiH,
te
neoplazme
s
učešćem
od
20,48%
u RS ai
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have
20,0%
u
FBiH
u
2009.
godini,
tako
da
su
skoro
tri
četvrtine
svih
uzroka
smrti
iz
ove
dvije
grupe.
similar or higher proportion.
Među pet vodećih uzroka smrti stanovništva Federacije BiH svrstavaju se i oboljenja respiratornog
sistema (3,4%), dok su u RS ona na šestom mjestu (7,8%). Sve navedeno je povezano s visokom
A perhaps
surprising
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
prevalencom
faktora
rizika,number
te porastom
učešća hroničnih
bolesti
u obolijevanju
stanovništva.
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Kaolegal
i direktni
tako
indirektni
utjecaji klimatskih
na ljudskobutzdravlje
the relevant
context.
Noi single
EU directive
is dedicatedpromjena
to e-Accessibility,
actionsnisu
are
kontinuirano praćeni u BiH. Iako određeni izvještaji sistematizirano govore o klimatskim
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
promjenama u BiH, još uvijek nema uspostavljenog sistema praćenja učestalosti javljanja
(for
copyrightobo­
exemptions),
and the
Telecoms
assistive
određenih
ljenja na nekom
području
kojaFramework
bi se mogla (for
dovesti
u vezutechnologies).
s promjenamae-Accessibility
pojedinačnih
isklimatskih
also covered
by policy,
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist Na
for osnovu
programmatic
parametara
i posljedično
nastanka
prirodnih nepogoda.
podatakasupport.
koji su
prikupljeni
na
državnom
nivou
nije
razvijena
jasna
metodologija
za
odgovor
na
krizna
stanja
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
prouzrokovana klimatskim promjenama i preventivne mjere koje je neophodno provoditi s ciljem
sprečavanja nastanka kriznih situacija, kao i mjere kako ublažiti posljedice prouzrokovane
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
klimatskim promjenama (smanjeni prinosi hrane zbog suše ili poplava; nestašica zdravstveno
sigurne vode za piće...). U praksi u BiH još uvijek nije uspostavljen jasan model protoka informacija
It is worthwhile
its own
to improve access
to services
to people
who are
already
između1.različitih
sektora,invrlo
čestoright
se nadležnosti
isprepliću
i nije jasno
ko je kome
odgovoran
i ko odmarginalized.
koga preuzima
podatke,
po
kojoj
metodologiji
i
na
koji
način
vrši
njihovo
dostavljanje.
It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Premaincrease
tome ne raspolažemo
adekvatnim
stanjuConversely,
okoliša, faktorima
rizika
iz okoliša
the disadvantages
certainizvještajima
populationso face.
insufficient
effort
in thisi
njihovom utjecaju na klimatske promjene i zdravlje ljudi, iako je taj dio zakonski dobro reguliran u
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
pogledu izvještavanja i usklađen sa zahtjevima OSTATA. Prema tome, možemo reći da je još uvijek
prisutna
visoka ranjivost
ljudi.
2. Improving
access
to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
3. Improving e-Accessibility
for
the marginalized
also lead
3EuropeAid/120971/C/SV/,
Izvještaj Jačanje
zdravstvenih
sistema BiHcould
za integraciju
u EU to
2
36
improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
1.5.9.able-bodied
Obrazovanje
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
U Bosni i Hercegovini je početkom školske 2010/2011. godine bilo 487,389 učenika (izvor
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
BHAS). U razrede 1.849 osnovnih škola upisano je 335.665 učenika, što je u odnosu na prethodnu
andzai
to lower
školsku e-Services
godinu manje
4,15%,the
dokcost.
309 srednjih škola pohađa 151.724 učenika, što je u više za
3,3% odnosu
na
prethodnu
školsku
godinu.
sedam javnih
univerziteta sa 95 škola,
te brojni
5. Pursuing approaches that followPostoji
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist
in the
privatni univerziteti s oko 105.000 redovnih studenata.
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
Obrazovanje
u BiH je pokriveno zakonodavstvom na različitim nivoima u FBiH i RS. U RS su
svi nivoi obrazovanja pokriveni zakonodavstvom na entitetskom nivou. Postoje posebni zakoni za svaki
od gore navedena četiri nivoa obrazovanja. U FBiH obrazovanje se regulira na kantonalnom nivou.
Svaki od deset kantona ima svoj zakon o predškolskom, osnovnom i srednjoškolskom obrazovanju,
a kantoni koji imaju univerzitete također imaju zakone o visokom obrazovanju. Distrikt Brčko, kao
posebna organizaciona jedinica u BiH, ima svoj zakon, koji pokriva svaki od četiri nivoa obrazovanja.
The specific goals of this report are:
Samim tim, postoji više od trideset zakona na različitim nivoima koji reguliraju ovu oblast.
1.2. About this report
1. to outlineu the
international
context regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
Nadležnost
oblasti
visokog obrazovanja
i nauke je
na nivou entiteta
Republike
Srpske
i Federacije
BiH, a u
Federaciji
nivou kantona. Ministarstvo civilnih poslova BiH ima
instruments
and
strategicBiH
levelna
documents;
koordinirajuću ulogu na nivou zemlje, tj. koordinira aktivnosti nadležnih entitetskih organa vlasti
2. to develop
comparative picture
of e-Accessibility
able-bodied
versus
people
u ovoj oblasti
i obavljaa međunarodnu
suradnju.
Kroz svoja dvafor
sektora,
Sektorpeople
za nauku
i kulturu,
with za
disabilities;
kao i Sektor
obrazovanje, ovo ministarstvo obavlja djelatnosti u pogledu koordiniranja i praćenja
primjene međunarodnih sporazuma i strateških dokumenata u oblasti obrazovanja i nauke, učešća
3. to assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility
u radu međunarodnih
organizacija
u oblasti
obrazovanjaand
i nauke,
učešće u stakeholders;
programima Evropske
4. toCOST,
identify
good
practices
in thei region;
unije (FP7,
EKA,
Erasmus
Mundus
dr.) te praćenje procesa evropskih integracija.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
U
Srpskoj
visoko obrazovanje
i sektor nauke regulirali su na nivou entiteta
- Republici
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
Ministarstvo prosvjete i kulture RS i Ministarstva nauke i tehnologije RS. Ministarstvo nauke i tehno­
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
logije RS se bavi pitanjima nauke i tehnologije u okviru RS-a i aktivno sudjeluje u distribuiranju
info­rmacija u vezi s istraživačkim fondovima (kao što je FP7) u oblasti nauke i tehnologije. Centar
za upra­vljanje projektima je dio Ministarstva, a njegov osnovni cilj je podstaknuti istraživačke akti­
report
is part of a larger
project,
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
vnosti i This
učešće
RS univerziteta
i privatnih
firmi‘Empowering
u istraživačkim
programima
(EU i domaćim).
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
U Federaciji
Bosne
i Hercegovine
javne univerzitete
osnivaju
kantoni,
the UNDP
Country Office
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
NY, dok
and Ministarstvo
funded by the
prosvjete i nauke Federacije BiH obavlja administrativne, stručne i druge poslove na nivou entiteta,
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
uključujući zaštitu autorskih prava i prava intelektualnog vlasništva, kao i koordinaciju naučnih
in
the implementation
of the
Inclusive Information
Priorityreguliraju
Area of the
e-SEE obrazovanja
Agenda+, the
i istraživačkih
aktivnosti.
Kantonalna
ministarstvaSociety
u Federaciji
politiku
regional
action
for Information
Society
and thepolitiku
UNCRPD.
The programmatic
i nauke za
svojeplan
kantone.
Kantonalne
vlade, development,
također, nadgledaju
sistema
obrazovanja,
financija iof
nadgledaju
i privatne fully
institucije
visokog
obrazovanja.
priorities
the projectjavne
are therefore
aligned
with the
targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Brčko
distrikt,
posebna
administrativna
jedinica, takođerUNDP-funded
ima ovlaštenjee-SEE
za obrazovnu
The
project
is kao
being
implemented
by the Sarajevo-based
Initiative
iSecretariat,
naučnu politiku.
capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
in e-Governance
and
the
e-SEE Secretariat
positioned
withinvlasništva
the Social
InstitutGroups
za intelektualno
vlasništvo
BiH
je nadležan
za oblasti are
prava
intelektualnog
Inclusion/Democratic
u Bosni i Hercegovini. Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Izvjestan
napredak
tokom and
proteklih
je napravljen
u oblasti politike istraživanja
in New York
is providing
expertise
playinggodina
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members iof
inovacija. Učešće u Sedmom okvirnom programu EU (FP7) se nešto povećalo. Započela je suradnja
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
s programima COST i EKA. Ministarstvo civilnih poslova je osiguralo financijsku pomoć za lica
respective
countries.
koja pripremaju
projekte za FP7, COST i EKA. Međutim, administrativni i istraživački kapaciteti
su suviše slabi da bi se u potpunosti iskoristile prednosti pridruživanja FP7 i sredstva koja aktivno
37
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
stimuliraju naučnu zajednicu. Učešće i stopa uspjeha u aktivnostima po programu Marie Curie je
slaba, kao i uključivanje privatnog sektora.
Neki napori napravljeni su na integraciji u Evropski istraživački prostor (European
Research Area – ERA) kao i doprinos Inovacijskoj uniji (Innovation Union – IU). Država se pridružila
EURAXESS mreži u cilju mobilnosti istraživača. Krovna organizacija i koordinacija nacionalne
EURAXESS mreže uspostavljena je na Univerzitetu u Banjoj Luci. Finansiranje se neznatno povećalo
uglavnom za istraživače, a modernizacija infrastrukture, oprema i publikacije osobito ulaskom u
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
COBISS bibliotečko-informacioni sistem. Republika Srpska i drugi subjekti su povećali ulaganja u
requirements
sets inMeđutim,
all aspects
of e-Accessibility
how it is tojebei dalje
implemented.
is followed
istraživanja i itrazvoj.
sveukupno,
ulaganjeand
u istraživanje
na niskomThis
nivou,
osobito
byu aprivatnom
description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
sektoru. Kao i entiteti, i kantoni financiraju svoje zakone preko svojih budžeta, pa to
je
teško unaprijediti
za istraživanje
i izbjeći fragmentaciju, što je jedan od glavnih ciljeva
disability
in general regulative
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
ERA-e. Nedostaje precizna statistika o nauci i tehnologiji.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Sve u svemu, usklađivanje s evropskim standardima iz oblasti obrazovanja i kulture je
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
još uvijek u početnoj fazi. Strategije i okvirni zakoni treba implementirati. Strukture agencija za
obrazovanje i isosiguranje
kvaliteta the
na državnom
nivou moraju
biti operativne.
Učešće
države
u
e-Accessibility
about overcoming
range of barriers
that people
with disabilities
and
others
Kulturnom
doprinosi
provođenju
pravnihtotekovina
EU.on
U equal
oblastiterms
istraživanja
i inovacija,
such
as olderprogramu
populations
experience
when seeking
participate
in the Information
pripreme za buduće integracije u ERA i Inovacijsku uniju su započele ali ozbiljni napori moraju tek
Society.
biti učinjeni, kao i potreba za pažljivim praćenjem.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
1.6.Izazovi dugoročnog razvoja - Milenijski
razvojni ciljevi MRC
Ujedinjenе nacije su 2005. godine postavile Milenijumske razvojne ciljeve (MRC) koje su
usvojile
sve države
članice. MRC
definišu
niz ciljeva agreements,
u osam oblasti
koji se trebaju
dostići do 2015.
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
regulations
and guidelines
cover
godine
i
predstavljaju
vodič
za
budući
razvoj.Budućnost
Bosne
i
Hercegovine
je
u
njenoj
punoj
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
integraciji u glavne evropske strukture, a to direktno podrazumijeva tijesnu suradnju a zatim i
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
članstvo u EU. Evropske integracije zahtijevaju niz promjena u sferi mjera politike i zakonodavstva
spread
across
areasssuch
as Television
Withouti Frontiers
subtitling),
thepod
Copyright
koje su
povezane
usvajanjem
sporazuma
konvencija(for
Unije,
poznatih
nazivomDirective
Acquis
(for
copyright exemptions),
the Telecoms
Framework
(for
e-Accessibility
Communautaire.
Radi se oand
ogromnom
korpusu
zakona i bit
ćeassistive
potrebnotechnologies).
mnogo rada na
usklađivanju
odredbi
tehničkih
u BiH
sadašnjom praksom
EU.programmatic
Mišljenje UNDP-a
je da
iszakonskih
also covered
by ipolicy,
andstandarda
guidelines
andsabenchmarking
exist for
support.
put u Evropumoves
treba biti
više
od sterilnog
tehničkog
procesa:
to legislation.
treba biti proces u kojem će
Furthermore,
arenešto
afoot to
strengthen
these
and to enact
more
građani BiH doći u poziciju da dobiju ista prava i obaveze kao i ostali Evropljani. Osim toga, reforme
u procesu pristupanja EU, i to osobito reforme u ekonomskoj sferi, bit će vjerovatno teško postići
There
is at leastimati
a five-fold
justification
early action
in the Milenijski
area of e-Accessibility:
i one će
potencijalno
značajne
negativnefor
socijalne
posljedice.
razvojni ciljevi stoga
imaju dvije uloge: prva ponuditi širu perspektivu prema kojoj će se mjeriti reforme, pri čemu će
se u obzir
socijalni
aspekti
i aspekti
zaštite access
okoliša;toteservices
druga ponuditi
instrument
uz čiju
1. It uzimati
is worthwhile
in its
own right
to improve
to people
who are already
pomoćmarginalized.
građani moguItbiti
uključeni
a njihova
podrška
helps
fulfil the
promise
of thesačuvana.
Information Society to reduce rather than
increase
thecjelovit
disadvantages
populations
face. Conversely,
effort
this
MRC nude
okvir za certain
usmjeravanje
dugoročnog
razvoja BiHinsufficient
i njenog puta
kaintome
area is
likely to further
marginalize
thesedemokratska
groups.
da postane
prosperitetna
i suverena
evropska
zemlja. Izvještaj o realizaciji MRC-a
krenuo je od prethodnog Nacionalnog izvještaja o humanom razvoju/MRC s ciljem poboljšanja
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
i daljeg prilagođavanja okviru za monitoring i evaluaciju. Ali, iako je mnogo toga postignuto,
population
opensosignificant
opportunities,
andtačku
can help
services
fulfil
evidentno
je da izvještaj
realizaciji market/sales
MRC predstavlja
samo polaznu
a ne public
i završetak
procesa.
their remit
a cost effective
manner.
Ostvarivanje
MRCinzahtijevat
će značajne
promjene u sferi mjera politike i ulaganje resursa, te
imajući ovo u vidu naglašavamo sljedeće, trenutno prisutne izazove na koje treba odgovoriti:
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
38
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodiedi obrazovanje
people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Zdravstvo
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Učinak BiH već zadovoljava minimalne evropske standarde u oblasti zdravstva i obrazovanja.
The earlier
action
the easier
it is to integrate
into development
Pa ipak,4.stope
upisa koje
suisutaken,
opadanju
i pogoršanje
u pogledue-Accessibility
dostupnosti zdravstvene
zaštiteof
e-Services
anduzeti
to lower
cost.quo zdravo za gotovo, i bez ponovnog poklanjanja pažnje
govore da
ne možemo
ovajthe
status
ovim pitanjima silazni trend i dispariteti u pružanju usluga bit će sve vidljiviji. Zemlja odmah mora
5. Pursuing
that followizgledima
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will
assist in the
proaktivno
poraditi naapproaches
krhkim ekonomskim
i nedovoljnim
javnim prihodima
provođenjem
convergence
different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
sveobuhvatne
razvojneofstrategije.
and SEE countries.
Centralni značaj dobre uprave za ostvarivanje MRC
uprava predstavlja
za društveni i ekonomski napredak. U BiH su dovedena u
1.2.Dobra
About
this preduvjet
report
pitanje sva obilježja dobre uprave: odgovornost, transparentnost, učešće građana, profesionalizam
i efikasnost. Naprimjer, previsok i hendikepirajući nivo troškova javne uprave je pogoršao krizu u
The
specific
goals
of this
report are:
javnom
sektoru
u BiH.
Kašnjenja
u provođenju reformi dovest će do stagnacije, te do nepostizanja
napretka u pravcu ostvarivanja MRC. Osim toga, dobra uprava se ne može postići bez zaštite i
promocije
prava.
BiH kontekstu
treba regarding
podstaknutie-Accessibility
davanje ovlaštenja
lokalnim
vladama,
1. ljudskih
to outline
the U
international
context
including
existing
legal
osobito instruments
općnskim vlastima,
pošto level
je to documents;
nivo vlasti koji je najbliži građanima i stoga u stanju da
and strategic
zagovara, a i ostvari, razvoj zasnovan na pravima.
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities; aranžmani za monitoring MRC
Institucionalni
3. to assess svakog
the current
level of e-Accessibility
andusklađenu
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
Ostvarivanje
pojedinačnog
MRC-a zahtijeva
podršku
u razvoju različitih
4. to
good practices
in the region;
institucija
naidentify
nivou zemlje.
Od specifičnog
je značaja jačanje i koordinacija statističkih institucija
u zemlji 5.
s ciljem
uspostave
i koherentnog
sistema zaand
prikupljanje
podataka. Još
jedan
to develop
a set ofpouzdanog
recommendations
for government
other stakeholders
on how
to:
prioritet-predstavlja
provođenje
sveobuhvatnog
popisa
stanovništva
u
zemlji
u
aprilu
2013.
godine.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Ove inicijative vezane za izgradnju institucija su od suštinskog značaja za osiguranje uspješnosti
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
procesa monitoringa i evaluacije za MRC.
Učešće građana i civilnog društva kao pokretačka snaga
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being
implemented
in the
of the
e-SEE pomoć
Initiative.
It is a regional
designed
Kao što
je podvučeno
u context
Okviru za
razvojnu
Ujedinjenih
nacijaproject
(United
Nationsby
Development
Assistance
Framework
- Herzegovina,
UNDAF), aktivne
organizacije
civilnog
i građani
the
UNDP Country
Office in
Bosnia and
supported
by DG/BDP
NY,društva
and funded
by the
su
od
vitalnog
značaja
za
efikasan
monitoring
i
ostvarivanje
MRC.
Važno
je
uspostaviti
veze,
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
osobito s onim organizacijama civilnog društva koje se bave određenim MRC-ovima. Da bi takva
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
opredijeljenost predstavljala nešto više od puke geste, potrebno je uložiti napore na informiranju i
regional
plan politike
for Information
Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
edukaciji action
o mjerama
u vezi s MRC.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Postizanje komplementarnosti s procesom pristupanja EU
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Kao što
je rečeno na
izvještaja
o statusu MRC
u BiH, and
UNDP
u Bosni i Hercegovini
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on početku
their existing
knowledge,
networks
resources.
Empowering
na
MRC
proces
u
zemlji
ne
gleda
kao
na
puku
aktivnost
izvještavanja
i
lobiranja,
nego
kao
na
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the
Social
praktični instrument koji građanima omogućava ostvariti svoje pune potencijale i za sebe osigurati
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
isti prosperitet i prava koja uživaju i ostali Evropljani. Iako je jasno da Sporazum o stabilizaciji
with
the fellow UNDP
Country
Offices
in theu region,
the Office
of Senior
Advisor
the BDP
i pridruživanju
predstavlja
ključan
korak
pravcu while
ispunjavanja
kriterija
za ICT
proces
kojiatprethodi
in
New York
is providing
andprilično
playingusko
an advisory
Government-appointed
members of
članstvu
u EU,
mišljenje expertise
je da on ima
težište role.
koje počiva
na tehničkim i ekonomskim
pitanjima.
MRC
nude dopunu
tome jer,
uvode socijalnu
i razvojnu
sferu približavanja
Evropi,forčime
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act as government
Focal Points
their
pružaju
instrument
za
snaženje
podrške
građana
i
opredijeljenosti
vlasti
za
pristupanje
EU.
respective countries.
39
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.
NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
2.Proračun
emisije
stakleničkih plinova
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
2.1.Metodologija
Kao i za izradu Prvog nacionalnog izvještaja za UNFCCC, i u ovom Drugom nacionalnom
1.1.
Why
izvještaju
proračune-Accessibility?
emisije stakleničkih plinova je jedan od osnovnih koraka u sistematskom
razmatranju i is
rješavanju
problema povezanih
promjenama.
Stečena
znanja,
pozitivna
e-Accessibility
about overcoming
the rangesofklimatskim
barriers that
people with
disabilities
and
others
praksa i prikupljeni podaci, kao i proračuni emisije GHG za Prvi nacionalni izvještaj za UNFCCC,
such
populations
experience
seeking
participate
on equal
terms
in thenacionalnog
Information
bili as
su older
i dobra
podloga za
procjenu when
emisije
gasovatostaklene
bašte
u okviru
Drugog
Society.
izvještaja za UNFCCC.
U ovom izvještaju
emisije GHG
zaICT
razdoblje
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refersu
to urađene
any type of
used by 1991-2001.
citizens, andgodine.
involvesNeophodno
everything
je naglasiti da su najdetaljnije analize urađene za 2001. godinu jer je bilo moguće prikupiti više
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
podataka nego za 2000. godinu. Za razliku od prethodnih, za 2001. godinu na raspolaganju su bili i
television.
to 15
percent of the
population
across
theuraditi
European
Union has
a disability,
such
as a
određeni Up
podaci
o energetkom
bilansu
i moguće
je bilo
"referentni
pristup“.
Obavezne
tabele
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive, u
orCRF
motor
impairment,
and
countries
can expect
to have
za ostale
godine
su pripremljene
(u excell
formatu)
naSEE
osnovu
raspoloživih
podataka
za tea
godine.Imajući
vidu činjenicu da je u BiH u razdoblju 1992-1996. godine bio rat, ulazni podaci za
similar
or higheruproportion.
to razdoblje imaju veći stepen nesigurnosti, kao i podaci za 1997. i 1998. godinu, jer i za te godine
institucionalno prikupljanje podataka nije obezbjeđivalo podatke za dobar proračun emisija GHG.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area.Za
At potrebe
the highest
international
level,
the UNCRPD,
ratified
and coming
into force
in 2008, is
proračuna
emisije
u ovom
izvještaju
korištene
su paralelno
metodologija
the
relevant legal
context.
No single
EU directive
dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but referentnog
actions are
Međuvladinog
tijela
za klimatske
promjene
(IPCC)is
propisana
Konvencijom,
na osnovu
priručnika
Revidirane
smjernice
IPCC-a
za
nacionalne
inventare
emisija
plina
staklenih
bašči iz
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
1996.
godineexemptions),
(Revised IPCC
for Framework
National GHG
i Smjernicee-Accessibility
dobre prakse
(for
copyright
andGuidelines
the Telecoms
(forInventories)
assistive technologies).
i upravljanje nesigurnostima u nacionalnim inventarima emisija plina staklenih bašči (Good
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management) i softveri COLLECTER i REPORTER za formiranje
Furthermore,
moves
are afoot
to strengthen
these and
to enact faktora
more legislation.
baze podataka,
uz pretežno
korištenje
preporučenih
emisijskih
IPCC-a, osim za energetski
sektor gdje su korišteni i lokalni faktori emisije. Za proračun emisije iz poljoprivrede (Agriculture)
i ponora
CO2is(LUCF)
korištene
sujustification
preporučene
tabele,
uz CRF table, također
There
at least
a five-fold
forIPCC
earlyexcel
action
in thekoje
areasu,
of e-Accessibility:
sastavni dio ovog izvještaja.
1.IPCC
It is worthwhile
in its
own right
to improve access
services tonačelo
peopletransparentnosti,
who are already
metodologija
i pristup
omogućavaju
da se toobezbijedi
marginalized.
It helpsusporedivosti
fulfil the promise
of theproračuna.
Information
Society to reduce
rather
than
potpunosti,
konzistentnosti,
i tačnosti
Metodologija
zahtijeva
određenu
procjenu
nesigurnosti
proračuna i certain
verificiranje
ulaznihface.
podataka
i rezultata,
kako bieffort
se povećali
increase
the disadvantages
populations
Conversely,
insufficient
in this
kvalitet,
tačnost
i
unaprijedila
pouzdanost
proračuna.
Također,
jedna
od
internih
provjera
proračuna
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
unutar metodologije jest i proračun emisije CO2 zbog izgaranja goriva, na dva različita načina:
2. Improving
to services,
public
and private,
to such
a significant
proportion
of the
prvi, detaljniji
način,access
tzv. sektorski
pristup
(Sectoral
Approach),
i drugi,
jednostavniji,
tzv. referentni
način (Reference
population Approach).
opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Inventar stakleničkih plinova BiH za 1991. do 2001. godine sastavljen je u skladu s prepo­
rukama
izradu inventara
- Smjernice
o izvještavanju
UNFCCC-a
Odluci
3/CP.5access
i 17/CP.8,
3.za
Improving
e-Accessibility
for the
marginalized
could alsoprema
lead to
improved
for
2
40
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduce the
cost iofRevidirane
web service
development,
the
uključujući
i zajednički
format
izvještavanja
(CRF)
smjernice
IPCC-aand
za enhance
nacionalne
inventare
plina
staklene
bašče
iz
1996.
koje
daje
specifikaciju
obaveza
za
izvještavanje
u
skladu
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
s članovima 4 i 12 UNFCCC-a (Revidirane smjernice IPCC-a za nacionalni inventar stakleničkih
4.1996.
The earlier
action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
plinova iz
godine).
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
Inventar plinova staklene bašče u ovom izvještaju obuhvata desetogodišnji razdoblje 19912001. Kako na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine ne postoji institucija koja bi bila odgovorna za prikupljanja
specifičnih “podataka o aktivnostima” (“activity data”) neophodnih za procjenu inventara emisije u
skladu s UNFCCC-om za navedeni razdoblje, ove aktivnosti se obavljaju na nivou entiteta.
2.2.Sistem prikupljanja i obrade podataka
1.2. About this report
The specific
goalsizrade
of thisi ovog
report
are:
U sklopu
izvještaja,
UNDP Bosne i Hercegovine je javnim konkursom izabrao
stručnjake iz oba entiteta koji su prikupljali podatke u oblastima definiranim IPCC uputstvima:
energetika,
poljoprivreda,
i ponori,
te zajednički
učestvovali
u izradi
1. toindustrijski
outline theprocesi,
international
context otpad
regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
procjenainstruments
pojedinačnih
emisija
po
sektorima.
Ovo
poglavlje
predstavlja
sintezu
pojedinačnih
and strategic level documents;
izvještaja radnih grupa uz korištenje baze podataka o emisijskim faktorima i pisanim informacijama
o sagorijevanju
fosilnih
goriva u BiH.
Intenzivna
suradnja na
podataka
vođena
je
2. to develop
a comparative
picture
of e-Accessibility
for prikupljanju
able-bodied people
versus
people
prvenstveno
s
Federalnim
hidrometeorološkim
zavodom
FBiH
i
Republičkim
hidrometeorološkim
with disabilities;
zavodom Republike Srpske, čiji su stručnjaci prikupili dio podataka o sagorijevanju fosilnih
to assess the
currenttelevel
of e-Accessibility
andplina
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
goriva i 3.
industrijskih
procesa,
izvršili
obračun emisije
staklene bašče
u skladu s IPCC
metodologijom
u sektorima
energetike,
otpada,
4. to identify
good practices
in the
region;poljoprivrede i ponora.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Iako su i Agencija za statistiku BiH i entitetski zavodi za statistiku u funkciji, za ovo
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
razdoblje imaju samo veoma mali dio podataka potrebnih za procjenu inventara emisija. Velika
- proizvodna
comply with
requirements
for the
UN and EU. vode evidenciju o potrošnji fosilnih
energetska
postrojenja,
uglavnom
termoelektrane,
goriva. Neke termoelektrane imaju ugrađene sisteme za praćenje emisija, ali je održavanje
ovih sistema neredovno i ovi se podaci mogu koristiti jedino za verificiranje proračuna emisija.
Elektroprivrede
obaisentiteta
podacima
o potrošnjiMarginalised
fosilnih goriva
u termoelektranama,
i
This report
part of raspolažu
a larger project,
‘Empowering
Groups
in e-Governance’,
ti
podaci
se
smatraju
pouzdanim.
Pored
toga,
veće
energane
i
toplane
u
gradovima
imaju
podatke
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
o aktivnostima. Emisije ili podaci o aktivnostima iz mobilnih izvora mogu se dobiti preko entitetskih
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
zavoda za statistiku: Republičkog zavoda za statistiku Republike Srpske i Federalnog zavoda za
UNDP’s
Governance
Fund to
support the
South izvora,
Easternkao
Europe
region
statistikuDemocratic
FBiH. Određivanje
vrstaThematic
i starostiTrust
pojedinih
kategorija
mobilnih
i godišnja
in
the implementation
of se
theprocjenjivati
Inclusive Information
Society
Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
potrošnja
goriva, moraju
i mislimo da
to nijePriority
veliki problem.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Međutim,
problemi
kada
traže ukupne
količine tečnih goripriorities
of the project
are nastaju
therefore
fullysealigned
with thegodišnje
targets potrošene
of e-SEE Agenda+.
va, bilo na nivou entiteta ili na državnom nivou. Tu je evidencija vrlo loša, jer su razlike iz proračuna
u odnosu na podatke o potrošnji za poslijeratnо razdoblje neusporedivi. Problem je što se ne eviThe project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
dentiraju u statističkim izvještajima sva tečna goriva, koja se preko graničnih prelaza uvoze u BiH.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
the e-SEE Secretariat
are positioned
within
Social
Problem
su sigurno
i podaci oand
aktivnostima
za industrijske
procese, jer
su tithe
podaci
neadekvatno zastupljeni
u statističkim
publikacijama
zvaničnim
informacijama.
U working
poslijeratnom
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
The UNDP iCountry
Office
in Sarajevo is
closely
razdoblju
industrija
Bosne
i
Hercegovine
ima
smanjen
kapacitet
proizvodnje,
što
je
uglavnom
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
posljedica ratom uništenih industrijskih postrojenja, ali i nepokretanja proizvodnje u postojećim,
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
ali zastarjelim tehnološkim postrojenjima.
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.
Slična
je situacija s podacima o aktivnostima za poljoprivredu, promjenama na tlu i
šumama nastalim zbog eksploatacije (Land Use Change and Forestry- LUCF) i otpadom. Nema
41
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
jasnog opisa odgovornosti institucija koje su zadužene za prikupljanje podataka. Iako je za svaku
oblast navedeno po nekoliko institucija koje se bave tim pitanjima, nisu jasne odgovornosti svake
institucije pojedinačno, kao ni obim podataka koji svaka od njih treba sakupiti. Tu je problem što na
entitetskim nivoima nema jasnih instrukcija za izvještavanje o podacima o aktivnostima. Stručnjaci
Poljoprivrednog fakulteta i Hidrometeorološkog zavoda, koji su bili uključeni u navedenu radnu
grupu, uradili su proračun emisija i ponora CO2, u skladu s uputstvom IPCC, uz korištenje excel
tabela koje je preporučio IPCC.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
I dalje je aktuelan problem što većina institucija nedovoljno poznaje obaveze koje su u skladu
requirements
it sets
in allprotokolom.
aspects of e-Accessibility
andsehow
it is tobitne
be implemented.
This
followed
s UNFCCC-om
i Kyoto
Na ovom polju
očekuju
promjene, jer
suisdoneseni
byzakoni
a description
the major
instrumentsizrade
and actions
the European
Union level
relating to
uključili of
i obaveze
izvještavanja,
popisa at
i prikupljanja
podataka
o aktivnostima.
Naravno,inključno
je koliko se doneseni
zakoni provode na svim nivoima.
disability
generalpitanje
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
Kao ključni nedostaci u ovoj oblasti identificirani su:
Neusuglašenost između postojećih podataka i podataka koji su potrebni prema IPCC
1.1. Why
e-Accessibility?
metodologiji,

e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
 Nepostojanje podataka,
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.  Nedostatak zakonske regulative u vrsti i obimu podataka koje je potrebno prikupljati,
 Nedovoljno znanje iz oblasti obaveza preuzetih sporazumima.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
CORINAIR
i IPCC metodologija,
kaoto
i softver
COPERT,
korišteni
su da
bi se arhivirali
podaci
from websites
for e-government
services,
telephony
support
for blind
people
to subtitling
on
u
digitalnom
obliku.
Višegodišnja
iskustva
u
radu,
stečena
korištenjem
ove
metodologije
i
softvera,
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
veoma su dragocjena i sigurno će biti od koristi u daljnjem radu na razvoju budućih nacionalnih
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
izvještaja za UNFCCC.
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
2.2.1.
Proračun emisijskih faktora
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant
legal context.
Nofaktora
single (EF)
EU directive
e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
Proračun
emisijskih
je jedan is
oddedicated
osnovnih to
uvjeta
za izradu dobrog
inventara
emisijeacross
plina staklenika.
spread
areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
CORINAIR metodologija, zajedno s najnovijim softverom, omogućava inventar emisija ne
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
samo u svrhu LRTAP Konvencije, već također i za potrebe UNFCCC-a i IPCC-a. Poznato je da novi
Furthermore,
moves are afoot
strengthen
thesepotrebni
and to enact
more
legislation.
softver nudi mogućnost
da se to
veoma
brzo dobiju
tabelarni
pregledi
u formatu zajedničkog
izvještaja (Common Reporting Format – CRF).
Za razdoblje
(1991-2001)
prikupljanje
emisije plina
There
is at least izvještavanja
a five-fold justification
for early
action inpodataka
the area iofprocjene
e-Accessibility:
staklenika diskutabilno je za ratne godine, mada taj proces neće biti puno manje kompliciran ni za
poslijeratno razdoblje.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized.
It helps fulfil
the promise
of thedobri
Information
to reduce
than
Što se tiče industrijskih
procesa,
ne postoje
podaci Society
o mjerenjima.
Kaorather
posljedica
increasesethe
disadvantages
certain populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
toga, predlaže
upotreba
faktora preporučenih
u smjernicama
i uputstvima
IPCC-a.effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Za poljoprivredu su dovoljni standardni emisijski faktori navedeni u smjernicama IPCC-a.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Promjene opens
šuma significant
i tla zbogmarket/sales
eksploatacijeopportunities,
su problematičnije
stvarnih
population
and canzbog
help nedostatka
public services
fulfil
ulaznihtheir
podataka
potrebnih
za
izračunavanja,
te
će
se
zbog
toga
koristiti
preporučena
metodologija
remit in a cost effective manner.
IPCC-a.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
42
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
2.2.2.Izvještavanje
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
U smislu člana 12. Okvirne konvencije Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama,
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
odgovornost za izvještavanje ja na Ministarstvu za prostorno uređenje, građevinarstvo i ekologiju
andbh.
to lower
theinstitucije.
cost.
RS, kojee-Services
ima svojstvo
kontakt
U okviru entiteta izvještavanja vrše ministarstva u
čijoj nadležnosti
je
zaštita
okoliša,
a
u
FBiH,
pored
entitetskog
i to je nadležnost will
i ministarstava
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines
and recommendations
assist in the
za okoliš na nivou kantona, što nesporno predstavlja kompliciran proces pravljenja inventaraconvergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
katastra emisije plina staklenika u Bosni i Hercegovini. U Republici Srpskoj inventar emisija
SEE countries.
izrađujeand
Republički
hidrometeorološki zavod RS-a.
teškoće vezane za izradu inventara u Bosni i Hercegovini su:
1.2.Osnovne
About
this report

Nedostatak stalnih izvora financiranja,
The specific
goals of this
report are: akata za obavezu prikupljanja podataka,
 Nedostatak
podzakonskih
o aktivnostima
koje su neophodne
za izvještavanje
IPCC-u ilegal
za
1. toNedostatak
outline thepodataka
international
context regarding
e-Accessibility
including existing
provođenje obaveza prema UNFCCC-u,
instruments and strategic level documents;
 Nedostatak osoblja s potrebnim iskustvom za pripremu podataka o industriji, poljoprivredi
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
i promjenama tla i šuma zbog eksploatacije (LUCF),
with disabilities;
 Nedostatak administrativnih kapaciteta za pripremu kvalitetne podzakonske regulative za
3. topodručje
assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
prikupljanja
podataka
o aktivnostima,
4. to identify good practices in the region;
 Nedostatak stručne pomoći za kvalitetno ispunjavanje obaveza iz UNFCCC-a.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.

2.2.3.Kontrola kvaliteta (eng. Quality Control) i
osiguranje kvaliteta (eng. Quality Assurance)
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Preporuke
UNFCCC-a
IPCC-a
stavljaju
naglasak
na kontrolu
kvaliteta
podataka.
To designed
je, u stvari,by
that is being
implemented
in ithe
context
of the
e-SEE Initiative.
It is
a regional
project
sistem
određenih
tehničkih
aktivnosti,
ocjena
i
kontrole
kvaliteta
inventara
emisija.
Kontrola
kvaliteta
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded
by the
uključuje pažljivu provjeru tačnosti prikupljenih podataka, emisijskih faktora i procjene nesigurnosti.
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation
of the uključuje
Inclusive Information
Society
Priority Area
of thekoje
e-SEE
Agenda+,
the
Osiguranje kvaliteta
planirani sistem
procedura
pregleda
obavlja
osoblje
regional
action plan
for Information
Societyinventara.Bosna
development, and
the UNCRPD.
programmatic
koje nije direktno
uključeno
u proces razvoja
i Hercegovina,
kaoThe
zemlja
u razvoju,
u skladu sofodlukama
organa
Konvencije,
koristila
mogućnost
da međunarodna
grupa eksperata,
priorities
the project
are therefore
fully
alignedjewith
the targets
of e-SEE Agenda+.
koju je formirao za ove svrhe Sekretarijat UNFCCC Konvencije, pregleda inventar, te procijeni
nesigurnosti
u vezi sis inventarom.
Nažalost,bytothe
sigurno
nije dovoljnoUNDP-funded
da se u potpunosti
The project
being implemented
Sarajevo-based
e-SEE provede
Initiative
osiguranje kvaliteta / kontrola kvaliteta u Bosni i Hercegovini, jer je glavni problem za osiguranje
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
kvaliteta kvalitet ulaznih podataka o aktivnostima.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance izrade
Sector.inventara
The UNDP
Country
Officebašte
in Sarajevo
is working closely
Preporuke za unapređenje
plinova
staklene
su:
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
 Provođenje institucionalne odgovornosti za sistematsko sastavljanje inventara emisija
in New York
is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
plinova staklenika;
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
 countries.
Jačanje kapaciteta Agencije za statistiku, te entitetskih zavoda za statistiku za prikupljanje
respective
i statistiku podataka koji su neophodni za izradu inventara emisije plinova staklene bašte;
43
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE


Povećanje broja osoblja i financijskih sredstava za prikupljanje osnovnih podataka i
podataka o emisijama;
Obezbjeđivanje ažurnog objavljivanja statističkih podataka o emisijama;
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Povećanje financijskih sredstava za obuku osoblja, proračun emisija i istraživanje
emisijskih faktora, istraživanja i projekcije nacionalnih emisija plina staklenika, formiranje i
provođenje sistema revizije nacionalnog inventara emisija plina staklenika koje bi obavljao
This section nezavisni
presentstim
aneksperata,
overview i of
the UNCRPD,
its za
significance
and main sections, the
unapređenje
kvaliteta
arhiviranja podataka;
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
 Kontinuirano investiranje u hardver i obuku kadrova za prikupljanje podataka, mjerenja
by a description
of the major
instruments
and actions
the European
Unionvezanim
level relating
to
i upravljanjе
s ciljem
da se poboljša
kvalitet at
podataka
o emisijama
za zemne
disability in general
e-Accessibility
particular.
plinove,and
otpad
i industrijske in
procese;


Izdavanje ovlaštenja za kreiranje pojedinačnih baza podataka o emisijama u odgovarajućim
institucijama;
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
 Izgradnja javne svijesti o problemima u vezi sa zaštitom klime i potencijalnim posljedicama
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
klimatskih promjena.
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
2.3.Sistem
CORINAIR
e-Accessibility can potentially
refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Inventar je zasnovan na CORINAIR (CORe INventory of AIR emissions) sistemu koji kreira
television.
Up to 15 percent
the population
across
the European
Union
has evropske
a disability,
such as
ETC/AE (Evropski
tematskiofcentar
za emisije
u zraku).
Kao i mnoge
druge
zemlje,
BiHa
visual,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor impairment,
koristihearing,
ovaj metod
proračuna
za kvantifikaciju
emisija. and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
CORINAIR sistem je dizajniran za sakupljanje podataka o emisijama i izvještavanje zemalja
o emisijama u zrak prema Evropskoj agenciji za okoliš (EEA) uz korištenje zajedničkog formata.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
Ova zajednička baza podataka širom Evrope može se primijeniti za pripremu određenih katastara u
this
area.saAtsmjernicama
the highest international
level, the
UNCRPD, ratified
and coming
into force
2008, is
skladu
UNECE/CLARTAP-a
i UNFCCC-a.
U nastavku
se daje kratak
opisinAE-DEM
the
relevant legal
context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
programskog
paketa:
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore,
moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation. CRLTAP (NFR)
izvor emisije
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
izvor emisije
sakupljanje
Nacionalni
selektiranje
UNFCCC (CRF)
1. It is worthwhile in proračun
its own right to improve
services to people who are already
inventaraccess toagregiranje
arhiviranje
preraspodjela
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise
of the Information Society to reduce rather than
emisija
izvor emisije
EU directive
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
ReportER
CollectER
area is likelyEstimaterER
to further marginalize these
groups.
2. Improving
of the
itd.
izvor
emisije access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Slika 4. Inventar emisija
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
44
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; it can
reduceprate
the cost
of web
service development,
enhance
the
Cilj
je da se sakupljaju,
održavaju,
i objave
informacije
o emisijama uand
zrak,
i pošalju
Evropskom
katastru
emisija
i
sistema
baze
podataka.
Ovo
podrazumijeva
emisije
u
zrak
iz
svih
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
izvora koji su relevantni za okolinske probleme, klimatske promjene, zakiseljavanje, eutrofikacije,
4. The
earlier
action
is taken,
the easier
it is to
integrate e-Accessibility into development of
troposferski
ozon,
kvalitet
zraka
i disperzije
opasnih
supstanci.
e-Services and to lower the cost.
S obzirom da je CORINAIR orijentiran ka izvoru, postoji jasna razlika između tačkastog
5. Pursuing
that su
follow
EUstacionarni
guidelines izvori
and recommendations
will assist
in the
i površinskog
izvora.approaches
Tačkasti izvori
veliki
emisije koji ispuštaju
polutante
aspects
the development
of the
Information
Societyda
in bi
thebili
EU
convergence
of different
u atmosferu.
Postrojenja
ili aktivnosti
čiji of
pojedinačni
mali iznosi
emisija
nisu dovoljni
klasificirani
u
tačkaste
izvore,
sabiru
se
i
čine
površinski
izvor.
Oni
zajedno
mogu
znatno
da
and SEE countries.
doprinesu ukupnim emisijama.
1.2. About this report
2.4.Rezultati proračuna emisije stakleničkih
The specific goals of this report are:
plinova 1991-2001.
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
U
nastavku seand
dajustrategic
rezultatilevel
proračuna
emisije stakleničkih plinova za Bosnu i Hercegovinu.
instruments
documents;
Rezultati se daju prvo kao ukupna (agregirana) emisija svih stakleničkih plinova prema sektorima,
2. toemisija
developpojedinih
a comparative
pictureplinova,
of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
a zatim kao
stakleničkih
također prema
sektorima. people versus people
with disabilities;
Budući da pojedini staklenički plinovi imaju različita radijaciona svojstva, različito doprinose
3. to assess
the bi
current
level of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
efektu staklenika.
Kako
se omogućilo
međusobno zbrajanje
i ukupni prikaz
emisije, potrebno je
da se emisija
svakog good
plinapractices
pomnoži in
s njegovim
stakleničkim potencijalom (GWP-Global Warming
4. to identify
the region;
Potential).
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Staklenički potencijal je mjera utjecaja nekog plina na staklenički efekat u odnosu na
- . U comply
with requirements
for theplinova
UN and iskazuje
EU.
utjecaj CO
tom slučaju
emisija stakleničkih
se jedinicom Gg CO2 eq (masa
2
ekvivalentnog CO2).
U tabeli
9. issupart
prikazani
staklenički
za Marginalised
pojedine plinove,
kojiin se
odnose na
This
report
of a larger
project, potencijali
‘Empowering
Groups
e-Governance’,
vremenski
razdoblje
od 100ingodina.
that
is being
implemented
the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Staklenički
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic
Plin Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
potencijal
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
1
Ugljendioksid (CO2)
regional action plan
for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
)
21
Metanare
(CHtherefore
priorities of the project
fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE
Agenda+.
4
Azotni oksid (N2O)
310
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
6.500
CF4
Secretariat, capitalizing
on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
9.200
C2F6
Marginalised Groups
in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are
positioned within the Social
SF6 Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office23.900
Inclusion/Democratic
in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Tabela 9. Staklenički potencijal za pojedinačne plinove za razdoblje od 100 godina
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce (REGATA)
actplinova,
as government
Points
for their
Ugljendioksid
je jedan
od najznačajnijih
stakleničkih
posebno Focal
kada se
razmatraju
respective
countries.
posljedice ljudskih
aktivnosti. Procjenjuje se da je odgovoran za oko 50 posto (izvor: IPCC) globalnog
zagrijavanja. Gotovo svugdje u svijetu, a tako i u Bosni i Hercegovini, najznačajniji antropogeni
izvori CO2 su izgaranje fosilnih goriva (za proizvodnju električne energije, industriju, saobraćaj,
45
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
grijanje, itd.), industrijske aktivnosti (proizvodnja čelika, cementa), promjene u korištenju zemljišta
i aktivnosti u šumarstvu (u BiH zbog prirasta drvne mase postoji negativna emisija - ponor).
U tabelama za izvještavanje (CRF), u slučaju da ne postoji odgovarajući podatak, koriste
se odgovarajuće oznake za popunjavanje praznih polja i to kada do emisije ne dolazi (NO, not
occurring), a kada emisija nije procijenjena (NE, not estimated).
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section
presents an1991
overview
the UNCRPD,
significance
and main
the
Godina
1992 of1993
1994 1995its 1996
1997 1998
1999 sections,
2000 2001
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
emisija bez ponora
30.797 instruments
10.567 4.010 and
4.474
4.458 at 7.390
10.244 14.225
14.599
16.118
byUkupna
a description
of the major
actions
the European
Union
level15.249
relating
to
Gg CO2 eq
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1. Energija
23.282
6.406
2.393
2.615
2.304
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
A. Sagorjevanje goriva
(sektorski pristup)
21.699
5.960
2.237
2.455
2.145
4.703
7.358
11.109
11.192
11.804
12.330
4.401
6.911
10.568
10.678
11.290
11.824
14.572 5.149
1.871
3.816
6.138
7.956
7.425
7.803
7.997
1. Energetika is about overcoming
e-Accessibility
the1.872
range2.092
of barriers
that
people
with
disabilities
and others
685
NЕ when
NE seeking
NE to NE
37
42
58 the Information
77
95
Proizvodne
industrije
such2.as
older populations
experience
participate
on67equal terms
in
Society.
2.508
NЕ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
1.704
2.038
2.123
2.500
3. Transport
4. Ostali sektori
3.934
811
365
363
275
548
706
866
1.157
1.287
1.232
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
5. Ostalo
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
446
156
160
159
302
446
541
515
514
506
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva 1.583
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
1.583
446
156
160
159
302
541
514
506
1. Čvrsta goriva
visual,
hearing, speech, cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
and
SEE 446
countries
can515expect
to have
a
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
2.
Ulje
i
prirodni
plin
similar or higher proportion.
2. Industrijski procesi
2.500
42
NЕ
NE
21
89
191
307
394
456
597
A perhaps
surprising
agreements,
regulations
cover
346number
42 of international
NЕ
NE
21
89
181
248 and
289guidelines
309
422
A. Mineralni
proizvodi
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
NЕ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
B. Hemijska industrija
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
2.154
NЕ
NE
NE
NE
NE
9
59
106
147
175
C. Proizvodnja metala
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
D. Ostala proizvodnja
(for
copyright exemptions), and
theNE
Telecoms
Framework
(for NE
assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
Proizvodnja
is E.also
covered by policy, NE
and guidelines
programmatic
NE
NE andNEbenchmarking
NE
NE exist
NE for NE
NE
NE support.
NE
halokarbonata i SF6
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
F. Potrošnja halokarbonata
i SF6
NE
G. Ostalo
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
3. Upotreba rastvarača i
1. It is worthwhile inNEits
drugih proizvoda
NE right
NEto improve
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE already
NE
own
access
to services
toNEpeopleNEwho are
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
4.023
3.439
1.241
1.405
1.624
1.852
1.956
1.989
2.102
2.026
4. Poljoprivreda
increase the disadvantages
certain
populations
face.
Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in2.203
this
areafermentacije
is likely to further
1.607 marginalize
1.719
461 these
514 groups.
633
710
775
789
814
777
777
A. Crijevne
493to
B. Upravljanje
gnojivimaaccess
2. Improving
157
48
67
82 such81a significant
81
83
77
services,
public 54
and private,
to
proportion
of80the
population
fulfil
NO
NO market/sales
NO
NO opportunities,
NO
NO and
NOcan help
NO public
NO services
NO
NO
C. Kultivacija
riže opens significant
their remit
in a(2)cost
effective
1.922
1.562 manner.
732
837
924
1.060
1.101
1.119
1.206
1.172
1.345
D. Poljoprivredna
zemljišta
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
46
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Godina
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
E. Propisano
paljenje
4. The
earlier action
the
into
NO is taken,
NO
NOeasier
NOit is to
NOintegrate
NO e-Accessibility
NO
NO
NO development
NO
NO of
savana
e-Services and to lower the cost.
F. Terensko spaljivanje
NE
NE
poljoprivrednih
ostataka approaches that
5. Pursuing
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
-9.367
-8.483
-8.307
-7.297
-7.302
-7.212
follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
NE
NE
NE of the
NE development
NE
NE of the
NE Information
NE
NESociety
NE in the
NE EU
G. Ostaloconvergence of different aspects
and SEE countries.
5. Promjena namjene
zemljišta i šumarstvo
(ponori)
-7.689
-10.147 -10.568 -10.081 -10.240
1.2. About this report
6. Otpad
992
680
A. Odlaganje
The
specificčvrstog
goals of this report
are:
992
680
otpada na zemljištu
376
454
508
746
739
819
909
964
988
376
454
508
746
739
819
909
964
988
B. Rukovanje otpadnim
1. to outline
vodama
the international
contextNEregarding
e-Accessibility
existing
legal
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NEincluding
NE
NE
NE
instruments and strategic level documents;
C. Spaljivanje otpada
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
D. Ostalo
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level
of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Tabela
10. Emisije Gg and
CO2 eq
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Prilikom analize ovih podataka (1991-2001) moraju se uzeti činjenice da je u Bosni i
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Hercegovini od 1992. do 1996. godine bio rat i da podaci za to razdoblje, kao i za razdoblje do 1998.
comply with
requirements for the UN and EU.
godine, imaju
povećanu
nesigurnost.
U Tabeli 10. se nalazi dio podataka za ratno i poslijeratno razdoblje označenih s "NE“ (not
This-report
is part of a Ovo
larger
project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groupsuin
e-Governance’,
estimated)
nije proračunato.
je posebno
interesantno za
oblast transporta
razdoblju
19921997,isjer
je nesporno
da se in
saobraćaj
odvijao,
međutim
zvaničnihItpodataka
o broju
voziladesigned
nema, teby
that
being
implemented
the context
of the
e-SEE Initiative.
is a regional
project
procjena emisija bez tog podatka nije bila moguća. Po procjeni učesnika radne grupe i rukovodioca
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
tima za proračun emisije GHG iz transporta, bilo kakva procjena bi imala preveliku nesigurnost,
UNDP’s
Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
koja ne biDemocratic
zadovoljila Governance
postavljene kriterije.
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
"NE“
znače da nije
bilo "activity
data“ zaand
bilo the
kakav
korektanThe
proračun
emisije
regionalOstale
actionoznake
plan for
Information
Society
development,
UNCRPD.
programmatic
GHG,
s
prihvatljivim
nejasnoćama
u
proračunu.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Moraproject
se imati
u viduimplemented
da za razdoblje
1991-2001
ne postoje
oficijelni statistički
podaci
The
is being
by the
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE Initiative
neophodni za proračun emisije. Tek od 2008. godine postoje određeni kvalitetni podaci Agencije
Secretariat,
on their
existing knowledge,
networks
and podataka
resources.
Empowering
za statistiku icapitalizing
entitetskih zavoda
za statistiku,
koji uključuju
prikupljanje
o aktivnostima
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
e-SEE Secretariat
positioned
within
the Social
neophodnim za
proračun
emisije GHGand
po the
određenim
sektorima.are
Naravno,
postoje
i podaci
u
navedenim statističkimGovernance
izvještajimaSector.
i prije 2008.
godine,Country
ali možeOffice
se smatrati
da je kvalitet
podataka
Inclusion/Democratic
The UNDP
in Sarajevo
is working
closely
manje
za proračune.
with
theiskoristiv
fellow UNDP
Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Još uvijek je problem evidencije uvoza tečnih goriva i proračuni emisije iz saobraćaja su
the
Regional
e-Governance
(REGATA)
act as
government
Points
for kao
their
rađeni
softverom
COPERT naAdvisory
osnovu Taskforce
broja vozila,
čiji zvanični
podaci
od 1998.Focal
godine
postoje,
respective
i određenihcountries.
informacija o uvozu tečnih goriva u BiH.
47
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
2.4.1.Emisija CO2 po sektorima
Na Grafikonu 5. su grafički predstavljene emisije CO2 za razdoblje od 1990. do 2001. godine. Vidljivo je da analiza ovog grafikona odudara od grafikona većine država, jer umjesto norma­
lnog rasta emisije CO2 eq ovdje uočavamo pad emisije GHG u ratnom razdoblju (12% 1993. u odnosu na baznu 1990. godinu).
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
Grafikonnumber
5. Emisije
CO2 za razdoblje
od 1990. do 2001.
godine. and guidelines cover
A perhaps surprising
of international
agreements,
regulations
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Emisije CO eq - 1990-2001
spread across areas such as Television Without2 Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
100%
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
80% moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Furthermore,
60%
There
40% is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
20%
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
0%
marginalized.
It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Godina
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Otpad %
Industrija %
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Poljoprivreda %
Energetika %
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Grafikone-Accessibility
6. Emisije CO2 %for
pothe
sektorima
za razdoblje
od also
1990.lead
do 2001.
godine. access for
3. Improving
marginalized
could
to improved
2
48
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduce
thedo
cost
of web
service
development,
and enhance
the
Od
1993. godine
se bilježi
blagi
porast
2001.
godine.
Procenat
učešća pojedinih
sektora
se tek od
1998.
godine
približava
baznoj
1990.
godini.
Ukupna
emisija
2001.
je,
zbog
uništene
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
infrastrukture, iznosila samo 47% u odnosu na baznu 1990. godinu.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
2.4.1.1.Energetika
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Najznačajniji izvor CO2 je svakako energetski sektor koji pridonosi preko 70 posto ukupnoj
and. SEE
Ovaj countries.
sektor pokriva sve aktivnosti koje uključuju potrošnju fosilnih goriva (izgaranje
emisiji CO
2
goriva i neenergetsko korištenje goriva), te fugitivnu emisiju iz goriva (Comon Report Category –
CRF 1.A. i 1.B. kategorije).
1.2. About this report
Fugitivna emisija nastaje tokom proizvodnje, prenosa, prerade, skladištenja i distribucije
fosilnih
goriva.
Energetski
sektorare:
je glavni izvor antropogene emisije stakleničkih plinova.
The specific
goals
of this report
Emisije po godinama također su prikazane u na Tabeli 10. Proračun emisije se zasniva na
1. otopotrošnji
outline the
international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
existing legal
podacima
fosilnih
goriva koji
su dobijeni
na osnovu
zvaničnih including
pisanih informacija
od
energetskih
subjekata.
propisane
IPCC i CORINAIR metodologije urađen je za razdoblje
instruments
andUnutar
strategic
level documents;
1991-2001. godine (tzv. Sectoral Approach).
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Također,
provedena je i jednostavnija varijanta proračuna (tzv. Reference Approach), koja
uzima u obzir samo ukupan bilans goriva, bez podsektorske analize. Poređenje rezultata obje
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
varijante proračuna (neka vrsta interne kontrole), dala je razlike oko 1% za 1990. godinu, a za 2001.
4. togodinu
identify
good practices
in the region;
godinu, kao
s relativno
najkompletnijim
podacima u ispitivanom poslijeratnom razdoblju, 9%.
5. to develop
set of recommendations
government
and other
stakeholders
on how to:
Ovo potvrđuje
naprijeda navedenu
pretpostavku o for
dostupnosti
podataka
u poslijeratnom
razdoblju.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country
Offices
in the
while
the Office
of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Grafikon
7. Emisije
COregion,
iz sektora
energetike
1990-2001
2
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Energetski
najintenzivniji
podsektori
pretvaranje
energije
(termoelektrane,
the Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforcesu(REGATA)
act as
government
Focal Pointstoplane,
for their
saobraćaj)
i
izgaranje
goriva
u
industriji.
Većina
emisije
CO
od
pretvaranja
energije
dolazi
od
izgaranja
2
respective countries.
goriva u termoelektranama. Naravno, pokazuje se da je emisija iz sektora energije dominantna i kreće
se od 73% 1990. godine do 78% 1998. godine. Minimalni procenat je 52%, zabilježen 1995. godine.
49
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Analiza ove tabele je puna nedosljednosti, ali ako uzmemo činjenicu na višegodišnju ratnu
situaciju 1992. do 1995. godine, podaci su sasvim logični i razumljivi.
Posebno treba naglasiti da su ukupne emisije iz saobraćaja približno iste za 1990. i 2001.
godinu, kao i broj vozila cca 450.000, ali su ukupne emisije iz energetskog sektora daleko manje, tako
da emisija iz cestovnog saobraćaja ima procentualno značajniju ulogu u odnosu na 1990. godinu.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
2.4.1.2.Industrijski
requirements
it sets in all aspectsprocesi
of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
Kao nusprodukt u različitim neenergetskim industrijskim procesima, u kojima se ulazna
disability
general hemijski
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
materijainnajčešće
transformira
u finalni proizvod, dolazi do emisije stakleničkih plinova.
Industrijski procesi kod kojih je doprinos emisiji CO2 identificiran kao značajan su: proizvodnja
cementa, vapna, amonijaka, željeza i čelika, ferolegura, aluminija, kao i korištenje vapnenca i
dehidratizirane sode u različitim industrijskim aktivnostima.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming
the rangeKonvencija,
of barriers korištena
that people
with
disabilities
andizothers
IPCC metodologija,
koju preporučuje
je za
proračun
emisija
indu­
such
as older
populations
experiencesmjernice
when seeking
to za
participate
oninventare
equal terms
in staklene
the Information
strijskih
procesa
(Izvor: Revidirane
IPCC-a
nacionalne
plina
bašte):
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
8. Emisije CO2 –industrijski procesi- 1990-2001.
There is at least aGrafikon
five-fold
justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Na slici se jasno uočava trend emisije iz industrijskih procesa od 1990. do 2001. godine.
It iseq.
worthwhile
in itsiznosila
own right
to improve
who areove
already
Emisija1.CO
1990. godine
je 3.554,
a 2001.access
svega to
597services
Gg CO2 to
eq.people
Uspoređujući
dvije
2
godinemarginalized.
vidi se da emisija
2001.fulfil
godine
samo
emisije 1990,
koja to
je bazna
It helps
theiznosi
promise
of 16.8%
the Information
Society
reducegodina.
rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2.4.1.3.
Ponori - LUCF
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and can helpplinova
public services
fulfil
Kao što jeopens
već prije
spomenuto,
kad dolazi
do upijanja stakleničkih
(npr. upijanje
their
remitdrvne
in a cost
effective
manner.
CO2 kod
prirasta
mase
u šumama)
onda se govori o ponoru stakleničkih plinova i iznos se
prikazuje s negativnim predznakom.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
50
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduceu the
costsegmenta
of web service
development,
anduenhance
the
Ukupne
emisije
i ponori
plinova
okviru
šumarstva
i promjene
korištenju
zemljištaprospects
za područje
BiH
su
izračunate
za
1991.
do
2001.
godine.
Prema
prikupljenim
podacima,
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
rezultati proračuna ukazuju na činjenicu da šume u BiH predstavljaju značajan ponor CO2.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Šume
u BiH,and
prema
raspoloživim
podacima za baznu godinu, zauzimaju pokrivenost od 27.000
e-Services
to lower
the cost.
km2. Omjer učešća vrsta obuhvata 68.8% lišćara (koji u većoj mjeri imaju sposobnost apsorpcije
5. Pursuing
guidelines
andpredstavlja
recommendations
willsaassist
in the
ugljenika),
gdje bukvaapproaches
dominira sathat
39%follow
učešćaEU
dok
hrast kitnjak
udio lišćara
18.9%.
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Ukupno
četinarskih vrsta iznosi 31.2%, te podrazumijeva značajan udio jele (12.8%),
and SEEučešće
countries.
smrče (8.6%), crnog bora (7.2%), bijelog bora (2.5%) i neznatan omjer ostalih četinara (0.1%). U
skladu s ovim pokazateljima i godišnjim prirastom koji iznosi 10.5 mil. ha (Gtz, 2001) određen je
faktor godišnjeg prirasta u tonama suhe tvari po hektaru (2,375). Plemeniti lišćari te divlje voćarice
su također uključeni u proračune.
1.2. About this report
The specific
goals
of this
report predstavlja
are:
Ukupno
učešće
biomase
iznos od 2.386,5 Gg suhe tvari, dok je neto godišnji unos
ugljendioksida jednak 2.024,60 Gg, u skladu s proračunima izvedenim iz uputstava za promjene u
šumskim
drugim
zalihama context
drvne biomase.
1. sistemima
to outline ithe
international
regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
Koristeći IPCC određene vrijednosti učešća ugljenika u suhoj tvari, ukupni unos ugljenika
je stoga 2.
određen
na 3217,85
Gg. U skladu
ovim
rezultatima for
i proračunima
otpuštanja/
to develop
a comparative
pictures of
e-Accessibility
able-bodiedgodišnjeg
people versus
people
emisije ugljenika,
konačno
godišnje
poniranje
ugljendioksida
u
šumskim
ekosistemima
u
BiH,
za
with disabilities;
baznu godinu 1990, iznosi 7.423,53 Gg CO2, a za 2001. 7.212,2 Gg CO2.
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Detaljni
proračuni
ponore in
urađeni
su u skladu s IPCC uputstvom iz 1996, a iz priloženih
4. to identify
good za
practices
the region;
IPCC CRF tabela se daju proračuni za svaku godinu.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Grafikon 9. Ponori 1990-2001.
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
S obzirom
na ratne
aktivnosti
u prošlosti
i trenutnu
preduzeća za upravljanje
in New York
is providing
expertise
and
playing an
advisorydecentralizaciju
role. Government-appointed
members of
šumama
te zakonskih
okvira,
podaciTaskforce
za baznu, (REGATA)
kao i za ostale
prikupljeni
iz različitih
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
act asgodine,
government
Focal su
Points
for their
domaćih i međunarodnih studija, te tako pridonose određenoj mjernoj nesigurnosti za neke od
respective countries.
kategorija.
51
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
2.4.2.Emisija metana (CH4) po sektorima
2.4.2.1.Poljoprivreda
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Emisija metana iz poljoprivrede je računata pomoću softvera COLLECTER. Ukupna emisija
CH4 je za 2001. godinu u ovom sektoru iznosila 40.80 Gg CH4.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Metan se formira kao direktan proizvod metabolizma kod životinja biljojeda (unutrašnja
requirements
all aspectsorganskog
of e-Accessibility
andživotinjskog
how it is to be
implemented.
Thisđubrivima).
is followed
fermentacija)it sets
i kaoinposljedica
raspada
otpada
(gazdovanje
byPrema
a description
of the major
instruments
andmetana
actionszaatsvaki
the European
relating
to
IPCC metodologiji
određuje
se emisija
tip životinjaUnion
(kravelevel
muzare,
ostale
krave
i
bikovi,
ovce,
konji,
svinje
i
perad).
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
2.4.2.2.Čvrsti
otpad
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
the range
of raširenog
barriers that
peoplejewith
disabilities
others
Proračun
emisije
CH4 iz čvrstog
otpada
na zemlji
također
urađenand
softverom
COLLECTER.
Ukupna količina
otpada
je seeking
proračunata
po glavi on
stanovnika,
a podaci
su uzeti iz
such
as older populations
experience
when
to participate
equal terms
in the Information
Agencije
za
statistiku
BiH,
kao
i
iz
entitetskih
zavoda
za
statistiku.
Society.
Izračunata emisija CH4 za 2001. godinu iznosila je 47.05 Gg.
e-Accessibility can potentially
refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites
formetana
e-government
services,
to nastaje
telephony
support for
blind people
to subtitling
on
Emisija
iz odlagališta
otpada
anaerobnom
razgradnjom
organskog
otpada
uz pomoćUp
metanogenih
bakterija.
Količina metana
tokom
procesa
television.
to 15 percent
of the population
acrossemitirana
the European
Union
has razgradnje
a disability,direktno
such asjea
proporcionalna
udjelu
razgradivog
organskog
ugljenika
(ROU),
koji
je
definiran
kao
udio
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect ugljenika
to have a
u različitim vrstama organskog biorazgradivog otpada. Korišteni su za proračun IPCC emisijski
similar or higher proportion.
faktori za sve navedene sektore.
Gg CH4
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
CHlevel,
je 1990
- 2001 godina
this area. At the highest international
the
UNCRPD,
ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
4 emisi
90
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
80
spread across areas
such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
70
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered60by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
50
Furthermore, moves
are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
40
There is30
at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
20
10
1. It is worthwhile
in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
0
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize theseGodina
groups.
Crijevna
fermentacija
Čvrsta goriva
2. Improving access to services,
public and private,
to such
a significant proportion of the
Gnojivo and can help public services fulfil
Odlaganje
čvrstog otpada
population opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Grafikon 10. Ukupne
emisije
metana za razdoblje
1990-2001.
3. Improving e-Accessibility
for the
marginalized
could also
lead to improved access for
2
52
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; emisiju
it can reduce
of web
service development,
and enhance
the
Grafikon
10 prikazuje
metanathe
(CHcost
) prema
sektorima.
U Bosni i Hercegovini
su glavni
4
izvori metana:
poljoprivreda
(uzgoj
stoke),
fugitivna
emisija
iz
rudnika
uglja
i
odlaganje
otpada.
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
2.4.3.Emisija
suboksida (N2O)
e-Services and toazotnog
lower the cost.
Najvažniji
izvor
N2O u Bosni
i Hercegovini
je poljoprivreda.
Mnoge poljoprivredne
aktivnosti
5. Pursuing
approaches
that
follow EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist
in the
dodaju azot
u
tlo,
te
se
na
taj
način
povećava
raspoloživi
azot
za
nitrifikaciju
i
denitrifikaciju,
što
ima
EU
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the
utjecaja na količinu emisija N2O.
and SEE countries.
Korištena metodologija razlikuje tri izvora emisije N2O: direktna emisija iz poljoprivrednog
tla, emisija zbog djelovanja životinja i indirektno uzrokovana emisija zbog poljoprivrednih aktivnosti.
Među navedenim, najveća emisija dolazi direktno iz poljoprivrednog tla, obrađivanjem tla i
uzgajanjem usjeva. To uključuje primjenu mineralnih đubriva, azot iz štalskog đubriva, uzgajanje
mahunarki
soje (fiksacija
azota),
azot iz ostataka poljoprivrednih usjeva i obradu tresetišta.
The
specifici goals
of this report
are:
1.2. About this report
U energetskom sektoru emisija je proračunata po osnovu potrošnje goriva i odgovarajućih
1. to outline
context regarding
including existing legal
faktora emisije
(IPCC),the
a uinternational
agrikulturi propisanim
IPCC CRFe-Accessibility
tabelama.
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Ukupne N2O emisije (Gg N2O) 1990 - 2001
with disabilities;
Gg N2O
12.00
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
10.00
4. to identify good practices in the region;
8.00
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
6.00
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
4.00
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
2.00
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Godina
that is being implemented in the context of the
e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance
Trust N
Fund
support1990-2001.
the South Eastern Europe region
Grafikon 11.Thematic
Ukupne emisije
O zato
razdoblje
2
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
2.4.4. Ključni izvori emisije
Analiza ključnih izvora emisije za 2001. godinu
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
KLJUČNI IZVOR - BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA 2001. GODINA Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector.
The UNDP Country Office
Gg
CH4in Sarajevo
COis2 workingNclosely
O
2
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
1
Ukupno energija
25,26
11.580,53
0,62
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
1.АRegionalAktivnosti
sagorijevanja
goriva
(sektorski
pristup) act as government
0,71
11.580,53
the
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
Focal Points 0,62
for their
respective
countries.
1.А.1
Energetika
0,1
7.895,3
0,12
53
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
KLJUČNI IZVOR - BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA 2001. GODINA Gg
CH4
CO2
N2O
0,1
7.895,3
0,12
0
82,23
0,02
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.А.1.а
Proizvodnja toplotne i električne energije
1.А.2
Sagorijevanje u proizvodnim industrijama i
građevinarstvu
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Sagorijevanje u proizvodnim industrijama i
1.А.2.а
82,23This is followed
0,02
requirements
it sets in all aspects
e-Accessibility and how it is to be0implemented.
građevinarstvu:
gvožđeofi čelik
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
1.А.3
Saobraćaj
0,61
2.435
0,42
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.А.3.b
Cestovni saobraćaj
1.А.4
Drugi sektori
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
1.А.4.а
Komercijalni / institucionalni
1.B.1
Fugitivne emisije iz čvrstih goriva
0,6133 2.435
0,42
1.168
0,06
392
24,55
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such
as older populations
experience when seeking to participate on equal
terms776
in the Information
1.А.4.b
Stambeni
Society.
Fugitivne can
emisije
iz čvrstihrefer
goriva:
i
e-Accessibility
potentially
to iskopavanje
any type of ICT
used by24,55
citizens, and involves
everything
1.B.1.а
rukovanje ugljem
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
2
industrijski
procesi
television.
Up Ukupno
to 15 percent
of the
population across the European0,0007
Union has a 596,62
disability, such as a
visual,
speech,proizvodnja
cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries
can
expect to have
a
2.А hearing,
Mineralna
421,84
similar or higher proportion.
2.А.1
Proizvodnja cementa
350,87
surprising
and
guidelines cover
2.А.2 A perhaps
Proizvodnja
krečanumber of international agreements, regulations
70,97
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
2.C
Proizvodnja metala
0,0007
174,79
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
2.C.1 acrossProizvodnja
željeza
i čelika
spread
areas such
as Television
Without Frontiers (for subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
(for2.C.2
copyright exemptions),
and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
Proizvodnja fero legure
0,0007
2,64
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
2.C.3
Proizvodnja
172,15
Furthermore,
moves are aluminijuma
afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
4
4.А
4.D
6.А
Ukupno poljoprivreda
40,8
4,34
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Crijevna fermentacija
40,8
1. It isPoljoprivredna
worthwhile inzemljišta
its own right to improve access to services
to people who are already
4,34
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Odlaganje čvrstog otpada na zemljištu
47,05
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Tabela 11. Ključni izvori emisija po CRF kategorijama
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Ukupno obuhvaćena emisija ključnih izvora u 2001. godini iznosi 16.090 GgCO2eq., što
their remit in a cost effective manner.
izraženo u procentima iznosi preko 99%. Najviše učestvuju proizvodnja električne energije i toplote
(49% - 3.
1.A.1.a).
Slijedi
cestovni transport
(15,1%-1.A.3.b),
itd.
Improving
e-Accessibility
for the
marginalized 8,4%-4.D,
could also6,1%-6.A
lead to improved
access for
2
54
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
CO2 emisije energetika i industrija 2001. godina (%)
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
CRF categorija
2.A.2
1
5. Pursuing1approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
1.A.2.a
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
1
2.C.3
and SEE countries.
2.A.1
3
1.A.4.a
3
1.2. About
this report
1.A.4.b
6
The specific
goals of this report are:
1.A.3.b
19
1.A.1.a
64
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
0 and strategic
10
20documents;
30
40
50
60
70
instruments
level
%
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Grafikon 12. Emisije iz energetskog i industrijskog sektora po CRF kategorijama
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
Analize
ključnih izvora
emisije su
slične i za baznu 1990. godinu, osim emisije iz industrijskih
procesa,- koja jecomply
bila druga
procentualnom
učešću.
withpo
requirements
for the
UN and EU.
Zbog uništene industrijske proizvodnje u toku ratnih dejstava, emisija CO2 iz ovog sektora je
cca 6,5 puta manja u 2001. godini u odnosu na baznu 1990. godinu. Za razdoblje 1998-2000. analize
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
ključnih izvora su slične onima koje su navedene za 2001. godinu.
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regionalKao
action
for Information
and the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
što jeplan
poznato,
fotohemijskiSociety
aktivni development,
plinovi kao ugljenmonoksid
(CO), azotni
oksidi (NOx) i
nemetanski
hlapljivi
organski
spojevi (NMVOC-i),
nisu
indirektno doprinose
priorities
of the
project
are therefore
fully alignediako
with
thestaklenički
targets of plinovi,
e-SEE Agenda+.
stakleničkom efektu. Oni se obično nazivaju indirektni staklenički plinovi ili ozonski prethodnici
jer utičuThe
i učestvuju
u procesu
stvaranja i razgradnje
ozona, koji je također
jedan od
stakleničkih
project is
being implemented
by the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
plinova. Za sumpordioksid (SO2) se vjeruje da, kao prethodnik sulfata i aerosola, negativno utiče na
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
staklenički efekat.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
Thetrend
UNDP
Office in
Sarajevo isgodina.
working
closely
Emisija sumpordioksida
(SO
) slijedi
COCountry
za razdoblje
1990-2001.
Grafički
2
2
pregled
13) je
dovoljno
jasanini ne
ga posebno
objašnjavati.
Trebaat
naglasiti
with
the (Grafikon
fellow UNDP
Country
Offices
thetreba
region,
while thedetaljnije
Office of Senior
ICT Advisor
the BDP
da
emisija
2001.
godine
iznosi
(47.1%)
u
odnosu
na
baznu
1990.
godinu.
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Dominantan doprinos emisiji SO2 svakako je izgaranje u sektoru energije, koji za 1990.
respective
countries.
godinu iznosi
97,3%, a za 2001. iznosi 99,1%. Ova razlika je posljedica smanjene emisije iz sektora
"Industrijski procesi“ u 2001. godini.
2.4.5. Emisija indirektnih stakleničkih plinova
55
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government
services,
to telephony
support 1990-2001
for blind people to subtitling on
Grafikon 13.
Ukupne SO
emisije za razdoblje
2
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Slična analiza
i za emisije
azotnih
oksida (NO
), ugljenmonoksida
(CO)
i nemetanskih
visual, hearing,
speech,vrijedi
cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
and
SEE countries can
expect
to have a
x
hlapljivih organskih spojeva (NMVOC).
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost
effective manner.
Grafikon 14. Ukupne NO emisije za razdoblje 1990-2001
x
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
56
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess theGrafikon
current15.
level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
Ukupne
CO emisije za razdoblje
1990-2001. stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
Grafikon 16. Ukupne NMVOC emisije za razdoblje 1990-2001.
57
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
2.5.Procjena nesigurnosti proračuna
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Procjena nesigurnosti proračuna je jedan od bitnih elemenata nacionalnog inventara
emisija. Informacija o nesigurnosti ne osporava valjanost proračuna, već pomaže pri utvrđivanju
prioritetnih mjera za povećanje tačnosti proračuna, te pomaže pri izboru metodoloških opcija.
This section
presents
an overview
of the emisije
UNCRPD,
its razlikuju
significance
and main
sections,
the
Postoji
više razloga
zašto se stvarne
i ponori
od vrijednosti
koje
su dobijene
proračunom.it Neki
izvori
nesigurnosti
mogu generirati
i lako karakterizirane
requirements
sets in
all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and howdobro
it is todefinirane
be implemented.
This is followed
procjene
raspona
potencijalne
pogreške,
za
razliku
od
drugih
koje
je
vrlo
teško
definirati.
Ukupno
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating
to
procijenjena nesigurnost emisije iz pojedinih izvora je kombinacija pojedinačnih nesigurnosti
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
elemenata procjene emisije, i to: 1)nesigurnost u vezi s faktorima emisije (literatura ili mjerenje) i
2) nesigurnost u vezi s podacima o aktivnostima.
1.1. Na
Why
osnovu e-Accessibility?
urađene procjene nesigurnosti, podaci su podijeljeni u tri grupe:
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
rangeizofenergetskog
barriers thatsektora
people (emisijski
with disabilities
others
1.Visoko
pouzdani
podaci:the
podaci
faktori and
i podaci
o
such as olderaktivnostima),
populations experience
when
seeking
to
participate
on
equal
terms
in
the
Information
te podaci o aktivnostima iz industrijskih procesa;
Society.
2.Srednje pouzdani podaci: emisija iz industrijskih procesa – primjenjivost emisijskih faktora
za BiH, emisija iz poljoprivrednog zemljišta, emisija iz sektora poljoprivrede, komunalnog
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
odlaganja otpada, proizvodnje hrane, te promjena sadržaja ugljenika u šumama;
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.3.Nisku
Up to 15 percent
of the
population
theemisijama
European izUnion
has a disability,
such nisu
as a
pouzdanost
imaju
podaci oacross
ostalim
sagorijevanja
goriva (koje
CO2speech,
), fugitivne
emisije or
iz rudnika
uglja, sagorijevanje
usjeva,
te podaci
visual, hearing,
cognitive,
motor impairment,
and SEEostataka
countries
can expect
to koji
havesea
odnose
na
metode
i
promjene
upotrebe
zemljišta.
similar or higher proportion.
2.5.1.
Nesigurnost
procjene
emisije
COregulations
A perhaps
surprising number
of international
agreements,
and guidelines cover
2
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Emisija CO2 nastala izgaranjem goriva zavisi od količine potrošenog goriva (državni
the relevant legal context.
No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
energetski bilans), ogrjevnoj vrijednosti (državni energetski bilans), faktoru emisije ugljenika
spread
across
areasizsuch
aspriručnika),
Television Without
Frontiers (for
subtitling),
the Copyright
(tipična
vrijednost
IPCC
udjelu oksidiranog
ugljenika
(tipična
vrijednostDirective
iz IPCC
(for
copyrightte,
exemptions),
and the Telecoms
Framework
assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
priručnika)
u slučaju neenergetske
potrošnje
goriva i(for
udjelu
pohranjenog
ugljenika
u proizvodu
vrijednost
IPCC priručnika).
is(tipična
also covered
by iz
policy,
and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Energetski bilans zasniva se na podacima iz svih raspoloživih izvora. Korišteni su podaci iz
entitetskih zavoda za statistiku o proizvodnji, upotrebi sirovina i potrošnji goriva. Zatim, korišteni su
There
is at least
a five-fold
justification
foroearly
action
in the area
i podaci
o mjesečnoj
potrošnji
prirodnog
plina, te
godišnjoj
potrošnji
ugljaofu e-Accessibility:
određenim sektorima.
Podaci iz ovih i drugih izvora pohranjeni su u COLLECTER bazu.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Kao i u prethodnim
slučajevima,
moramoofdathe
istaknemo
da zaSociety
ratno i to
poslijeratno
razdoblje
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil the promise
Information
reduce rather
than
do 2001. godine ne postoji urađen energetski bilans na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine. Postojale
increase
the disadvantages
populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in this
su procjene
potrošnje
u bilansimacertain
entitetskih
vlada i Distrikta
Brčko. Također
postoje
podaci
u
areaenergetskog
is likely to further
marginalize
groups.
"Strategiji
sektora
BiH” koju these
je uradio
Energetski institut "Hrvoje Požar“. Uz gore
navedene, koristili smo i podatke koje smo dobijali direktno od energetskih subjekata.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and
can help
public services
fulfil
S obziromopens
na navedene
činjenice,
odnosno
slabiji kvalitet
ulaznih
podataka,
procijenjena
remit in apodataka
cost effective
manner. sektor se razlikuje u odnosu na ratne godine i prve
ukupnatheir
nesigurnost
za energetski
poslijeratne godine. Ova nesigurnost procjenjuje se na ±10%.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
58
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduce
the cost
web service
development,
and enhance
the
Za
razdoblje 1999.
godine
do 2001.
godine,
koji of
je obuhvaćen
u Drugom
nacionalnom
izvještaju
o klimatskim
promjenama
prema
UNFCCC,
nesigurnost
je
nešto
manja
i
procjenjuje
se
na
±8%.
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The podaci
earlier action
is taken,
the easier
is to integrate
e-Accessibility
development
Ostali
potrebni
za proračun,
kaoit npr:
faktor emisije
ugljenika,into
udio
oksidiranogof
ugljenika,
udio pohranjenog
ugljenika
preuzeti su iz IPCC priručnika (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
e-Services
and to lower
the cost.
for National GHG Inventories). Iako stručnjaci vjeruju da su u IPCC priručniku navedene vrijednosti
5. dobro
Pursuing
approaches
that followuEU
guidelines
and
recommendations
willnesigurnost
assist in the
uglavnom
određene,
s nesigurnošću
okviru
±5 posto,
naša
je procjena za ovu
aspects of
of thedeset
Information
Society
in the EU
convergence
different
nešto povećana
i iznosiof±6%
zbog činjenice
dathe
se udevelopment
BiH koristi preko
vrsta ugljeva
s različitim
i promjenljivim
udjelima
ugljenika.Također,
pretpostavljene
su
i
neefikasnosti
u
procesu
izgaranja
and SEE countries.
što može rezultirati pepelom ili čađi koja duže vrijeme ostaje neoksidirana. Svi ovi faktori doprinose
nesigurnosti u proračunavanju emisija CO2. Ukupna nesigurnost emisija CO2 iz fosilnih goriva
procijenjena je na oko ±7 posto, a udio u nesigurnosti nacionalne emisije svih stakleničkih plinova
za 2001. godinu je procijenjen na manje od 5% (Tabela 12). Za tekuća goriva nesigurnost podataka
o aktivnosti su ±8%, a nesigurnost faktora emisije su korištene preporuke iz IPCC Uputstva ±5%.
The specific goals of this report are:
Za prirodni plin su korišteni IPCC procjene nesigurnosti i za podatke o aktivnostima i
faktorima
±5%.
1. emisije
to outline
the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
1.2. About this report
instruments and strategic level documents;
Nesig.
Stakl.
Nesig. faktora
2. to develop a comparative picture
of e-Accessibility
people
podatakafor
o able-bodied people versus
Ukupna
IPCC kod
plin
emisije
aktivnosti
nesig.
with disabilities;
%
%
%
1A
1A
1A
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
8
6
10,00
Izgaranje goriva - ugalj
CO2
4. to identify good practices in the region;
8
5
9,64
Izgaranje goriva – tek. goriva
CO2
5. to develop a set of recommendations
for government and other stakeholders on how to:
5
5
7,07
goriva the
– prirodni
plin to e-Accessibility;
CO2
-Izgaranje
address
obstacles
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Tabela 12. Procijenjena nesigurnost proračuna emisije CO2 u 2001. godini
Naravno,
treba
imati
vidu daproject,
je emisija
CO2 iz energetskog
sektora
(CRFinkategorija
1.A)
This
report
is part
of au larger
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
e-Governance’,
preko 76% ukupnih emisija.
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Proces verificiranja proračuna ima svrhu da ustanovi pouzdanost proračuna. Verificiranje
priorities
project are
therefore
fully slijediti
aligned with
theprikupljanja
targets of e-SEE
Agenda+.
se odnosiofnathe
procedure
koje
je potrebno
u toku
podataka,
izrade inventara
2.6. Verificiranje proračuna
te nakon izrade inventara, kako bi se ustanovila pouzdanost proračuna. Verificiranjem uočeni
Theproračuna
project isukazuju
being implemented
bykoji
thejeSarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
nedostaci
na dio inventara
potrebno unaprijediti,
što indirektno
dovodi
do
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on
their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
podizanja nivoa kvaliteta inventara.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
S ciljem da se podigne
nivo Sector.
kvalitetaThe
proračuna,
prilikom
izrade
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
UNDP Country
Office
in inventara:
Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
 Podatke o aktivnostima smo dobijali iz raznih izvora uz izvršene dodatne provjera podataka,
in New Yorkkao
is providing
i dodatneexpertise
analize. and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
 Faktori emisije su korišteni u skladu s IPCC Uputstvom iz 1996. godine.
respective countries.

Korištena je CORINAIR metodologija, dok su istovremeno provjere rađene IPCC metodologijom.
59
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
U okviru energetike, a u svrhu verificiranja državne procjene emisija ugljendioksida zbog
izgaranja goriva, korišteni su i sektorski i referenti pristup. Razlika, izražena u procentima, je npr.
za 2001. godinu iznosila 9% u korist referentnog pristupa. Razlika u procentima za ova dva pristupa
iznosila je 1% za baznu 1990. godinu. Ovdje se mora napomenuti da su podaci za 1990. godinu,
prije ratnih dejstava u BiH, bili dostupni u zvaničnim statistikama, energetskom bilansu BiH, kao
i u direktnim kontaktima s potrošačima fosilnih goriva. Za 2001. godinu adekvatna razlika od 9%
detaljnije je objašnjena ranije u procjenama nesigurnosti.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Također je izvršeno uspoređivanje proračunatih podataka za 2001. (zadnju godinu inventara)
requirements
sets in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how
to be implemented.
is followed
s podacima it
Međunarodne
energetske
statistike (IEA),
kaoit iisStudija
energetskog This
sektora
u BiH.
byPodaci
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
su dati u priloženoj Tabeli 13.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Total energija
- Referentni pristup BiH 2001.
1.1. WhyIEA e-Accessibility?
mil. tona CO2
13,2
- Referentni
pristup
2001.of barriers that people with
12,5
e-Accessibility isSNC
about
overcoming
theBiH
range
disabilities and others
such as older populations
experience
whenBiH,
seeking
to participate
terms in the Information
Studija Energetskog
sektora
S2 – scenarij
2001* on equal 12,8
Society.
*procjena izvršena na osnovu podataka za 2000. godinu
Tabela
13. Usporedba
proračunatih
godinu
e-Accessibility can
potentially
refer to
any type ofpodataka
ICT usedzaby2001.
citizens,
and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Razlike od -5% (u odnosu na IEA Referentni pristup BiH 2001), odnosno -2,4% (Studija
television.
Up tosektora
15 percent
population
across
Europeantolerancije.
Union has a disability, such as a
Energetskog
BiH, of
S2the
– scenarij
.2001*)
su uthe
granicama
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
60
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
3. Ocjena ranjivosti sektora
i prilagođavanje na
klimatske uvjete
1.2.izmijenjene
About this report
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
The specific
goals
of this report
Zemlje
u razvoju,
u kojeare:
se ubraja i Bosna i Hercegovina, pripadaju krugu onih koji su
osjetljivi na neželjen utjecaj globalnih klimatskih promjena, što su potvrdila i dosadašnja istraživanja.
Procjene1.ukazuju
da će
BiH biti
izloženo
utjecajima
koji mogu imati
posljedice
po čitavo
to outline
thepodručje
international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
društvo. Mogućnosti zaštite od tih utjecaja na lokalnom nivou dosta su ograničene, međutim brojne
instruments
and strategic
level documents;
su mogućnosti
prilagođavanja
na izmijenjene
klimatske uvjete. Naznačena problematika globalnih
klimatskih
promjena
i
njihovog
utjecaja
pretpostavlja
definiranje
novih modela
životne
sredine,
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
versus
people
strategija razvoja, sektorskog i integralnog, na svim nivoima: lokalnom, regionalnom, entitetskom
with disabilities;
i državnom, koji će imati obilježje održivog razvoja.
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Ovo
se sastoji
od in
petthe
dijelova.
4. topoglavlje
identify good
practices
region;Dio 3.1. koristeći podatke sa 22 meteorološke
stanice, opisuje uočene klimatske promjene u Bosni i Hercegovini, uključujući promjene
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
temperature i padavina, kao i ekstremne vremenske prilike po oblastima i godišnjim dobima. Dio
address
obstacles klimatskog
to e-Accessibility;
3.2. na osnovu
rezultatathe
regionalnog
modela i dva IPCC scenarija, predstavlja buduće
- promjene
comply
requirements
for ithe
UN and EU.
klimatske
zawith
razdoblja
2001-2030
2071-2100.
Dio 3.3. opisuje ranjivost na klimatske
promjene i njihov utjecaj na pet ključnih oblasti: poljoprivreda, vodni resursi, zdravstvo, šumarstvo
i biodiverzitet / osjetljivi ekosistemi, kao i na regionalni razvoj. Dio 3.4. analizira postojeći kapacitet
za prilagođavanje.
kraju,
3.5. daje
pregled
potencijalnih
mjera prilagođavanja
na klimatske
This report Na
is part
of dio
a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance’,
promjene koje su identificirali eksperti, na osnovu postojećih nalaza i rezultata istraživanja, uz
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
saglasnost relevantnih institucija.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
3.1.Osmotrene klimatske promjene u
Bosni i Hercegovini
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Ocjena osmotrenih klimatskih promjena je vršena na osnovu analize raspoloživih podataSecretariat,
capitalizing
their existing knowledge,
networks
and resources.
Empowering
ka dobijenih od
Federalnogonhidrometeorološkog
zavoda Bosne
i Hercegovine
i Republičkog
hidroMarginalised
Groups
e-Governance
and
e-SEE
are positioned
within the
meteorološkog
zavodainRepublike
Srpske.
Zathe
analizu
su Secretariat
korišteni podaci
s 22 meteorološke
sta­Social
nice
koje su imale homogen
niz osmatranja
ili jeThe
biloUNDP
moguće
uraditiOffice
odgovarajuću
aproksimaciju.
DeInclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
Country
in Sarajevo
is working closely
terminiranje
promjene
klime
je
utvrđeno
na
bazi
analiza
promjene
temperature
zraka
i
količine
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
padavina. Detaljno su analizirane: razlike srednjih godišnjih temperatura zraka i količine padavina
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
za razdoblje 1961-1990. i 1981-2010. godina, trendovi promjena temperature zraka i količina pathe
Regional
e-Governance
(REGATA)
act aszagovernment
Focal Points for their
davina,
te njihovih
ekstrema Advisory
za BanjuTaskforce
Luku, Sarajevo
i Mostar
razdoblje 1960-2010.
respective countries.
61
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
3.1.1. Promjene temperature
Istraživanja promjena temperature za razdoblje 1961-2010. pokazuju da je prisutno
povećanje temperature u svim dijelovima zemlje. Na bazi komparativne analize za razdoblje 19812010. u odnosu na razdoblje 1961-1990. utvrđeno je da je najveće prosječno povećanje temperature
tokom ljetnog razdoblja zabilježeno u južnom dijelu, na teritoriji Hercegovine (Mostar 1,2°C) i u
centralnim dijelovima (Sarajevo 0,8°S), dok je najveće povećanje u proljetnom i zimskom razdoblju
evidentirano
u sjevernim
države (Banja
Luka 0,7°C).
Najmanje
povećanjethe
je
This
section presents
ani centralnim
overview ofdijelovima
the UNCRPD,
its significance
and
main sections,
tokom
jeseni
i
kreće
se
u
intervalu
od
0,1
do
0,3°C
(Slika
5.).
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
Povećanje temperature zraka na godišnjem nivou se kreće u rasponu od 0,4 do 1,0°C,
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
dok porast
temperature
u vegetacijskom
razdoblju (april – septembar) ide i do 1,0°C. Međutim,
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
povećanja temperature tokom posljednje decenije još su više izražena (Tabela 14). Bitno je
naglasiti da je povećanje temperature, pored povećanja emisija plinova staklene bašte, uvjetovano
i povećanom insolacijom i povećanjem efekta gradskog otoka toplote.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Slika 5. Promjene godišnjih temperatura zraka u Bosni i Hercegovini
(poređenje razdoblja 1981-2010. u odnosu na 1961-1990.)
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Vegetaciono
Godina
Ljeto insufficient
Jesen effort
Zima
increase the disadvantages
certain
populationsProljeće
face. Conversely,
in this
razdoblje
area is likely
to further marginalize
these
groups.10,9
1961-1990.
10,6
16,9
19,7
10.9
0,8
2. Improving
access to services,
public
a significant
proportion1,5
of the
1981-2010.
11,4
17,9and private,
11,6to such21,0
11,5
Banjapopulation
Luka
opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and0,3
can help public
services
fulfil
odstupanje
0,8
1,0
0,7
0,6
0,7
their remit in a cost effective manner.
2001-2010.
11,9
18,4
12,3
21,7
11,8
2,2
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
62
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce
the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Vegetaciono
Godina
Proljeće
Ljeto
Jesen
Zima
razdoblje
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
1961-1990.
9,7
15,7
9,7
18,3
10,4
0,4
odstupanje
0,4
0,5
0,3
0,8
0,1
0,3
1981-2010.
15,2
21,2
14,3
24,7
15,5
6,2
0,7
1,2
0,2
0,3
14,9
25,3
15,5
6,5
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
1981-2010.
10,0
19,1
10,5
0,7
e-Services
and to lower10,1
the cost. 16,2
Sarajevo
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
2001-2010.
10,4
10,5
19,6
10,6Society in
1,1the EU
aspects of16,5
the development
of the
Information
convergence
of different
1961-1990.
14,6
20,3
13,6
23,5
15,3
5,9
and SEE countries.
odstupanje
0,9
1.2. About
this0,6report
Mostar
2001-2010.
15,5
21,8
The specific goals of this report are:
Tabela 14. Promjene temperature zraka (°C) u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Mostaru, 1961-2010. god.
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
Tsr(C
°)
Tsr(C
°)able-bodied people versus people
2. to develop
a comparative picture of e-Accessibility
for
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
godišnja
TsrGroups
godišnjain e-Governance’,
This report isTsr
part
of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Tsr(C°Information
)
in the implementation of the Inclusive
Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Tsradvisory
godišnja role. Government-appointed members of
in New York is providing expertise and playing an
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.
Grafikon 17.
Promjene temperature zraka u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Mostaru, razdoblje 1961-2010. godina
63
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
3.1.2. Promjene količine padavina
U razdoblju 1961–2010. godina veći dio teritorije Bosne i Hercegovine karakterizira neznatno
povećanje količine padavina na godišnjem nivou. Najveća pozitivna promjena godišnje količine
padavina karakteristična je za centralne planinske prostore (Bjelašnica, Sokolac) i okolicu Doboja,
dok je najveći deficit zabilježen na jugu zemlje (Mostar, Bileća). Najveće smanjenje padavina je
tokom proljeća i ljeta, a najizraženije je na području Hercegovine (do 20%). U jesenjem razdoblju
je osmotreno
najveće povećanje
padavina
po UNCRPD,
sezonama, its
a najveći
suficit jeand
u sjevernim
i centralnim
This
section presents
an overview
of the
significance
main sections,
the
dijelovima
BiH.
Iako
nisu
zabilježene
signifikantne
promjene
količine
padavina,
u
velikoj
mjeri
je
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
poremećen pluviometrijski režim, odnosno godišnja raspodjela. Broj dana s padavinama većim
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
od 1 mm smanjio se na gotovo čitavoj teritoriji, dok je procenat godišnjih količina padavina zbog
disability
in general
andod
e-Accessibility
particular.
pojave padavina
većih
95-procentne in
percentile
izračunate za razdoblje 1961-2010. bio u porastu.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Drugim riječima, iako na godišnjem nivou nisu zabilježene znatne promjene padavina, smanjenjem
broja dana s padavinama većim od 1,0 mm i povećanjem broja dana s intenzivnim padavina je jako
poremećen pluviometrijski režim. Izražena promjena godišnjeg rasporeda padavina uz povećanje
temperature jedan je od ključnih faktora koji uvjetuju češće i intenzivnije pojave suše i poplava na
e-Accessibility
overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
teritoriji Bosneisi about
Hercegovine.
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Slika 6. Promjene godišnjih količina padavina u Bosni i Hercegovini
1. It is worthwhile
in its own
right to1981-2010.
improve access
tona
services
to people who are already
(poređenje
razdoblja
u odnosu
1961-1990)
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Vegetacijski
increase the disadvantages
certain
populationsProljeće
face. Conversely,
in this
Godina
Ljeto insufficient
Jesen effort
Zima
period
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
1961-1990.
1027
562
262
298
246
221
2001-2010.
1078
546
263
271
280
221
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
1981-2010.
1034
540
258
270
278
227
opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Banja population
Luka
+7,0 manner.
-22,0
-4,0
-28,0
+32,0
+6,0
their remitodstupanje
in a cost effective
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
64
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Vegetacijski
Godina
Proljeće
Jesenphones.Zima
prospects for migrating
web services
onto new
platforms Ljeto
such as mobile
period
1961-1990.
932 the easier
468 it is to integrate
226
242
241
223
4. The earlier
action is taken,
e-Accessibility
into development
of
e-Services
and to lower936
the cost. 472
1981-2010.
221
236
266
213
Sarajevo
odstupanje
-5,0and recommendations
-6,0
+25,0 will assist
-10,0in the
5. Pursuing
approaches+4,0
that follow+4,0
EU guidelines
aspects of514
the development
of the
Information
the EU
convergence
of different
2001-2010.
1014
226
252
304 Society in
226
and SEE countries.
1961-1990.
1523
522
379
196
450
497
1981-2010.
1405
502
1.2. About
this-78,0report
odstupanje
-20,0
Mostar
2001-2010.
1514
534
335
173
458
439
-39,0
-23,0
+8,0
-58,0
339
188
472
506
The specific goals of this report are:
Tabela 15. Promjene količine padavina (mm) u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Mostaru, 1961-2010. god.
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
Grafikon 18. Promjene količine padavina u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Mostaru, 1961-2010. godina
65
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
3.1.3.Klimatska varijabilnost i procjena ekstremnih
događaja
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Evidentan je trend povećanja tropskih dana (dani s maksimalnom dnevnom temperaturom
zraka preko 30°C) na gotovo čitavoj teritoriji (Grafikon 19)4. Najviše ovakvih dana je zabilježeno
na na sjeveru zemlje (Posavina), centralnim dijelovima i Podrinju (Višegrad). Na području niske
Hercegovine
(predstavnik
Mostar)
pisutan
je blagiits
trend
povećanja and
tropskih
međutim
This
section presents
an Grad
overview
of the
UNCRPD,
significance
maindana,
sections,
the
u poslednjih 5 godina (2007-2012) registrirane su ekstremno visoke temperature i preko 40°C.
requirements
it setsiako
in allnije
aspects
of e-Accessibility
how it is broja
to be implemented.
is followed
Drugim riječima,
prisutan
izražen trendand
povećanja
tropskih danaThis
zabilježeno
je
bypovećanje
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
učestalosti temperatura preko 40°C.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost
effective
manner. broj tropskih dana (tmax>30°C)
Grafikon
19. Prosječan
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
the marginalized
could
also
4 Federalni
hidrometeorološki
zavod FBiH,for
Republički
hidrometeorološki
zavod
RS
2
66
lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;ekstremnih
it can reduce the
cost of webpadavina
service development, and enhance the
3.1.3.1.
Procjena
dnevnih
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Najviše dnevne količine padavina u razdoblju 1961-2011. imaju sljedeće vrijednosti: u
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Banjoj Luci 156 mm, Mostaru 127 mm i Sarajevu 118 mm. Prosječan maksimum padavina za
e-Services
and Luci
to lower
cost.
istо razdoblje
u Banjoj
je 54the
mm,
Mostaru 79 mm i Sarajevu 50 mm. Povratno razdoblje za
navedene iznose je oko 1.000 godina. Iako je mala vjerovatnoća da će doći do povećanja apsolutno
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
maksimalnih dnevnih količina padavina, povećanje broja dana s padavinama preko 10,0 mm
of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
ukazuje convergence
na ozbiljnost problema.
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
In(T) 8
Banja Luka
The specific
7 goals of this report are:
6
156 mm
1.5to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
4
instruments
and strategic level documents;
3
2.2to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied
people versus people
1960-2011
with
1 disabilities;
3.0to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
40 good
50practices
60
70
90
100 110 120 130 140
150 160
4.-1to30identify
in the 80
region;
-2
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
-3
maksimum
dnevnih padavina: mm/dan
address theGodišnji
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
-4
--5
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Mostar
5
in theIn(T)
implementation
of the Inclusive Information
Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
4
regional action
plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
3 the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
priorities of
2
1960-2011
1 project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
The
0 capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Secretariat,
-1
30Groups
40 in e-Governance
50
60
70 the80e-SEE90Secretariat
100
110
120
140
130within
Marginalised
and
are positioned
the Social
-2
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
-3
Godišnji
maksimum
dnevnih
padavina:
mm/dan
with the fellow UNDP Country
Offices
in the region,
while
the Office
of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
-4
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
-5
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
67
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
In(T) 6
5
Sarajevo
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
4
3
2
1960-2011
1 presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
This section
0 it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
requirements
-1 30
50 instruments
60
70 and80actions
90 at 100
110
120
140
by a description
of 40
the major
the European
Union130
level relating
to
-2
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
-3
Godišnji maksimum dnevnih padavina: mm/dan
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Grafikon 20. Grafik empirijske funkcije raspodjele maksimalnih dnevnih padavina
e-Accessibility is about uovercoming
range
of barriers
that people
with disabilities and others
Banjoj Luci, the
Mostaru
i Sarajevu
za razdoblje
1961-2011.
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
3.1.4. Analiza padavina i suša na teritoriji BiH na osnovu
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Standardiziranog indeksa padavina (SPI)
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.Termin
Up to 15
percent
population
across the European
Unionispod
has aprosjeka),
disability,hidrološku
such as a
suša
može of
se the
odnositi
na meteorološku
sušu (padavine
visual,
speech, icognitive,
or motorpoljoprivrednu
impairment, and
SEE
countries can
to have ai
sušu hearing,
(mali protjecaji
niski vodostaji),
sušu
(nedovoljno
vlageexpect
u zemljištu)
predeonu
sušu (kombinacija
similar
or higher
proportion. prethodnih). Za potrebe SNC je analizirana meteorološka suša preko
Standardiziranog indeksa padavina (SPI)5.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
Analizirani su podaci za mrežu od osam meteoroloških stanica, i to: Bihać, Banju Luku,
this
area.
At the highest
international level,
theLivno,
UNCRPD,
ratified
and coming
into force
in 2008, is
Doboj
i Bijeljinu
u Peripanonskom
obodu,
Mostar
i Bileću
u Hercegovini
i Sarajevo
u
the
relevant legal
context. No single
directive
is dedicated
e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
centralnom
brdsko-planinskom
dijeluEU
Bosne
i Hercegovine.
Kaotoreferentno
razdoblje
za SPI uzet
je isti across
niz od 50
godina
a Without
u obraduFrontiers
su uzete(for
svesubtitling),
sušne (SPI<=-1)
i vlažne Directive
(SPI=>1)
spread
areas
such(1961-2010),
as Television
the Copyright
vrijednosti
vremenske
(za Framework
SPI1, SPI3 i (for
SPI12).
(for
copyrightodređene
exemptions),
and thedužine
Telecoms
assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
U razdoblju od 1961. do 2010. na stanicama u Hercegovini (Livno, Mostar i Bileća) linearni
Furthermore,
are afoot to
strengthen
these and sušnosti),
to enact more
legislation.
trend SPI12 moves
je bio negativan
(došlo
je do povećanja
ali promjene
nisu bile statistički
značajne. Na ostalim stanicama zabilježen je pozitivan linearni trend, ali je jedino u Bijeljini bio
statistički
značajan.
Najveći
prostor
suša je zauzimala
je sedam stanica
There
is at least
a five-fold
justification
for early 2000.
actioni 2003.
in the godine,
area of kada
e-Accessibility:
istovremeno pokazivalo vrijednosti SP12 niže ili jednako od -1.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
5 Pokazatelj
Standardiziran
indeks padavina
(SPI) je populations
razvijen za potrebe
definiranja
i osmatranja
suše (McKee
et al.
increase
the disadvantages
certain
face.
Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in1993).
this
Na osnovu dugoročnih osmatranja moguće je analizirati pojavu suše u određenom vremenskom intervalu (mjesec,
area
is likely
further marginalize
these groups.
sezona,
godina,
itd.), ito
te vrijednosti
uspoređivati s vrijednostima
bilo koje regije. Duži vremenski intervali se primjenjuju
za analizu ekstremnih padavina. Početak suše se identificira tako što se posmatra "korak nazad“. Naime, pojava suše
Improving
access
to javlja
services,
publicuand
to suchSPI<=-1.
a significant
proportion
of the
ima 2.
svoju
potvrdu samo
ako se
kontinuirano
serijiprivate,
s vrijednostima
Sušno razdoblje
prestaje
kad
vrijednost
SPI
postane
pozitivna.
Svaka
suša
se
karakterizira:
a)
vremenskim
intervalom
(1,
2,
3,
6,
12,
24
mjeseca),
tj.
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
brojem uzastopnih pojavljivanja vrijednosti SPI<=-1; b) trajanjem suše, što predstavlja vrijeme između početka i kraja
remit in suše,
a cost
effective
manner.
suše;their
c) kategorijom
koja
se određuje
vrijednošću SPI indeksa; d) veličinom suše, koja se izračunava sumom
indeksa SPI za svaki mjesec od početka do kraja sušnog razdoblja; e) intenzitetom suše, što predstavlja odnos između
3. Improving
e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
veličine
i trajanja pojave.
2
68
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects3,00
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
2,00 action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
4. The earlier
e-Services and to lower the cost.
1,00
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
1967
1964
1961
SPI
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
0,00
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
-1,00
and SEE countries.
-2,00
1.2. About
this report
-3,00
The specific goals of this report are:
Grafikon 21. Međugodišnje promjene SPI12 na meteorološkoj stanici Bijeljina
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
U prvom Nacionalnom izvještaju je inače konstatirano da se značajne promjene mogu
and
level
documents;
vidjeti u instruments
Mostaru, gdje
sustrategic
prosječne
količine
padavina u razdoblju 1982-2007. znatno niže nego u
razdoblju
svim mjesecima,
osim
u septembru. for able-bodied people versus people
2. 1956-1981.
to develop au comparative
picture
of e-Accessibility
with disabilities;
Analiza linearnog trenda za SPI3 za februar (meteorološka zima) pokazuje da je u
posmatranom
razdoblju
na stanicama
Hercegovini (Livno,
Mostar i Bileća),
kao i u Sarajevu i
3. to assess
the current
level ofue-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
Doboju, prisutan silazni trend SPI (došlo je do povećanja sušnosti), ali promjene nisu bile statistički
4. to identify good practices in the region;
značajne. U Bihaću, Banjoj Luci i Bijeljini trend je nesignifikantno pozitivan. U zimskoj sezoni
5. tosu
develop
a set
of recommendations
for cirkulacije
governmentNAO
and iother
stakeholders
on how to:
zabilježene
najbolje
korelacije
s parametrima
AO, pri
čemu je koeficijent
- ponovo
address
the najviše
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
korelacije
dostigao
vrijednosti
između AO i SPI3 za Mostar od -0.73.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Linearni trend SPI3 za maj (meteorološko proljeće) ni na jednoj stanici nije statistički
značajan, a nema ni određene geografske pravilnosti u znaku trenda. Najveći prostor suša je
zauzimala
Togisproljeća
je zabilježena
na svih osam
stanica, a čak
na sedam
je zabilježen
This2003.
report
part of asuša
larger
project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
apsolutni minimum vrijednosti SPI, tako da se u svakom pogledu može smatrati ekstremnom.
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
Slika 7. Prostorni raspored suše u jugoistočnoj Evropi (SPI3 za maj 2003)
http://www.dmcsee.org/en/spi/?year=2003&month=May&TimeScale=3&DataType=GPCC
69
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Linearni trend SPI3 za august (meteorološko ljeto) je negativan na većini stanica (pet),
dakle, došlo je do povećanja sušnosti pri čemu je za Bihać i Bileću trend statistički signifikantan.
Najveći intenzitet suša je imala 2000. kada je na stanicama Banja Luka, Bijeljina, Sarajevo i Livno
zabilježena apsolutno najniža vrijednost SPI.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Slika 8. Prostorni raspored suše u jugoistočnoj Evropi (SPI3 za august 2000)
television.http://www.dmcsee.org/en/spi/?year=2000&month=
Up to 15 percent of the population across the European
Union has a disability, such as a
Avg&TimeScale=3&DataType=GPCC
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
Na šest od osam stanica posljednja dekada figurira kao dekada s najvećim brojem sušnih
ljeta, što nesumnjivo pokazuje da je u posljednjoj dekadi došlo do povećanja učestalosti ljetnih
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
suša. Međutim, ako se u razmatranje uzmu i vlažna ljeta, vidi se da na pet stanica posljednja
this
area.samostalno
At the highest
level,
the sUNCRPD,
coming
force
in 2008,
is
dekada
ili sinternational
još nekom čini
dekadu
najvećim ratified
brojem and
vlažnih
ljeta.into
Dakle,
osim
sušnih,
the
relevant legal
context.
No single
EU directive
is dedicated
butdaactions
are
u posljednjoj
dekadi
se povećala
i učestalost
vlažnih
ljeta, štotojee-Accessibility,
doprinijelo tome
je dekada
2001-2010.
na
šest
stanica
imala
najveći
broj
ekstremnih
ljeta
u
pogledu
količine
padavina.
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
8
Furthermore,
moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
7
6 There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
5
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
3 marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
2 increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
1 area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
4
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
1967
1964
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
1961
0
Grafikone-Accessibility
22. Međugodišnje
broja meteoroloških
stanica
3. Improving
forpromjene
the marginalized
could also
leadsatoSPI12<=-1
improved access for
2
70
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
can reduce
the cost ofjesen)
web service
development,
and enhance
the
Linearni
trendpeople;
SPI3 za itnovembar
(meteorološka
je pozitivnog
znaka na svim
stanicama,
osim u Livnu,
pri
čemu
je
u
Bijeljini
i
statistički
signifikantan.
I
pored
toga
što
je
trend
za
čitavo
posmaprospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
trano razdoblje bio pozitivan, jedina jesen kada su sve stanice bilježile sušu bila je pri kraju razdoblja,
The earlier
action
taken,Luci
the easier
it is
to integrate
e-Accessibility
intovrijednost
development
i to 2006.4.godine,
pri čemu
je uisBanjoj
i Doboju
zabilježena
apsolutno
minimalna
SPI. of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
3.2.Projekcije
klimatskih
promjena
aspects of the development
of the Information
Society in the EU
convergence of differentbudućih
and SEE countries.
Jedan od osnovnih zadataka u Drugoj nacionalnoj komunikaciji Bosne i Hercegovine
prema UNFCCC je razvoj klimatskih modela i izbor adekvatnih scenarija promjene klime u
budućnosti. U ovom izvještaju su predstavljeni rezultati regionalnog klimatskog modela EBUPOM iz eksperimenata promjene buduće klime, dobijeni metodom dinamičkog skaliranja rezultata
dva globalna klimatska modela atmosfere i okeana SINTEX-G i ECHAM5. Fokusirali smo se na
rezultate
iz eksperimenata/scenarija
The
specific
goals of this report are: A1B i A2. U odnosu na koncentraciju plinova staklene bašče
A1B je okarakteriziran ako “srednji” a A2 kao “visoki” scenarij. Scenariji A1B i A2 su definirani
specijalnim izvještajem IPCC-a o emisionim scenarijima (Nakicenovic and Swart, 2000) u okviru
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
kojega su date moguće buduće emisije plinova staklene bašte kao posljedice budućeg tehnološkog,
instruments
and strategic
level documents;
socijalnog
i ekonomskog
razvoja, zasnovanog
na ljudskim aktivnostima.
1.2. About this report
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Vrijednosti koncentracije CO2, jednog od plinova staklene bašte, na kraju dvadeset prvog
disabilities;
vijeka zawith
scenarij
A1B kreću se oko 690 ppm, a za A2 scenarij oko 850 ppm. Rezultati iz modela
analizirani
su
za
vremenske
isječke
2001-2030.
i 2071-2100.
Izvještaj je usmjeren
na promjene dva
3. to assess the current
level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
osnovna prizemna meteorološka parametra, temperature na dva metra i akumuliranih padavina.
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Promjene ovih parametara su prikazane u odnosu na srednje vrijednosti iz tzv. baznog (standardnog)
5.1961-1990.
to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
razdoblja
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
3.2.1. A1B scenarij, 2001-2030.
Prema
rezultatima
srednje sezonske
temperature
tokom
posmatranog
This
report
is part ofmodela
a largerpromjene
project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
tridesetogodišnjeg razdoblja 2001-2030. kreću se u opsegu od +0,6 do +1,4°C, u zavisnosti od sezone i
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
oblasti Bosne i Hercegovine. Najveće promjene su tokom sezone JJA, s vrijednostima od +1,4 na sjeveru
the
UNDP
Countrydijelovima.
Office in Bosnia
andDJF
Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
NY, and ufunded
by the
i +1,1°C
u južnim
Za sezonu
promjene su
oko +0,7°C
s maksimumom
centralnim
UNDP’s
Governance
Thematic
toodnosu
supportnathe
South
Eastern Europe
region
dijelovimaDemocratic
BiH. Za sezonu
MAM promjene
suTrust
neštoFund
veće u
DJF
s vrijednostima
od +0,8
do
+0,9.
SON je okarakterizirana
promjenom
od +0,6
do +0,8
idući od
istoka
ka zapadu
zemlje. the
in
theSezona
implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority
Area
of the
e-SEE Agenda+,
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
Slika 9. Promjena srednje godišnje temperature u °C (lijevo) i padavina u % (desno)
71
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Iz slika promjena padavina vidimo da rezultati modela pokazuju i negativne i pozitivne
promjene ove veličine. Pozitivne promjene padavina, odnosno njihovo povećanje, može se vidjeti za
sezonu MAM, i to za sjeverni i sjeveroistočni dio, +5%, i za JJA sezonu skoro na cijeloj teritoriji, s
maksimumom od +15%, osim jugoistoka. Najveći deficit je duž jugozapadne granice BiH s maksi­
mumom od -20%.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Na godišnjem nivou promjena temperature se kreće u granicama od 0,8 do 1°C s većim vrije­
dnostima
na sjeveru
i zapadu
zemlje (Slika
9). UNCRPD,
Promjena padavina
na godišnjem
negativnathe
na
This section
presents
an overview
of the
its significance
and nivou
main jesections,
cijeloj teritoriji, od 0 do -10%, osim sjeveroistoka gdje je promjena pozitivna, i to do +5%.
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
3.2.2. A1B scenarij, 2071-2100.
Rezultati za scenarij A1B i razdoblje 2071-2100. pokazuju da je prostorna struktura
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
promjene
odgovarajućih
parametara, posebno temperature, slična kao za prethodno posmatrano
razdoblje 2001-2030,
s većom magnitudom
promjena.
promjena
temperature
seothers
kreće
e-Accessibility
is aboutaliovercoming
the range of
barriers Ovaj
that put
people
with disabilities
and
u opsegu od +1,8 do +3,6°C. Najveće promjene od +3,6°C su ponovo za sezonu JJA. Tokom zimske
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
sezone (DJF) maksimum je opet u centralnim regijama, s vrijednostima do 2,4°C. Za MAM sezonu
Society.
ove promjene se kreću od 2,4 do 2,6°C, na cijeloj teritoriji. Konačno, za sezonu SON promjene su u
granicama od 2,0 do 2,4°C.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Slika 10. Promjena srednje godišnje temperature u °C (lijevo) i padavina u % (desno)
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Tokom ovog razdoblja skoro da ne postoji sezona ili oblast koja je okarakterizirana pozitivnom
1. It ispadavina.
worthwhile
in its
own right
to improve
access
to services
to speople
who are
anomalijom
Velike
negativne
anomalije
imaju
sezone
DJF i SON
promjenama
odalready
-15 do
marginalized.
helps fulfil the promise
of theod
Information
Society
to reduce
rather
than
-50%. MAM
sezona jeItokarakterizirana
vrijednostima
približno -10%
na cijeloj
teritoriji.
Deficit
tokom increase
sezone JJA
veći u južnim certain
nego u populations
sjevernim oblastima
i kreće seinsufficient
u granicama
u opsegu
thejedisadvantages
face. Conversely,
effort
in this
od -30area
do 0%.
is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2.Na
Improving
access
services,temperature
public and private,
a significant
of the
godišnjem
nivou to
promjena
se krećetousuch
granicama
od 2,4 proportion
do 2,8°C s većim
vrijednostima
na jugu
i zapadu
zemlje
(Slika 10). Promjena
padavina
nacan
godišnjem
nivouservices
je negativna
population
opens
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and
help public
fulfil
na cijeloj
teritoriji,
od
-30
do
-10%.
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
72
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
3.2.3.
A2 scenarij, 2071-2100.
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Na osnovu scenarija A2 za razdoblje 2071-2100. se očekuje povećanje temperature na
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
čitavoj teritoriji BiH u granicama od 2,4 do 4,8°C. Najveće povećanje je tokom JJA sezone na sjeveru
e-Services
and4,8°C.
to lower
the cost.
s vrijednostima
preko
Za sezonu
DJF maksimalna promjena iznosi oko 3,6°C. Sezona MAM
ima vrijednosti
od
3,4
do
3,6°C.
A
tokom
sezone
SON promjene
su opet veće na zapadu
zemlje
i
5. Pursuing approaches that follow
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist
in the
iznose između 2,8 i 3°C. Tokom svih sezona osim DJF za scenarij A2 imamo negativnu anomaliju u
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
polju akumuliranih padavina, preko cijele teritorije. Tokom sezone DJF imamo pozitivnu anomaliju
SEE teritoriji
countries.
skoro naand
cijeloj
u opsegu od 0 do +30%, osim jugoistoka. Najveće promjene po ovom
scenariju su za sezonu JJA s vrijednostima od -50%. Tokom sezona MAM i SON anomalije se kreću
od -30 do 0%.
1.2. About this report
Na godišnjem nivou promjena temperature se kreće u granicama od 3,4 do 3,8°S (Slika 11).
Promjena padavina na godišnjem nivou je negativna na cijeloj teritoriji, od -15 do 0%.
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Slika
11. Promjenainsrednje
godišnje
u °C (lijevo)
i padavina
u %project
(desno) designed by
that is being
implemented
the context
of temperature
the e-SEE Initiative.
It is
a regional
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Rezultati scenarija prema SINTEX-5 i ECHAM5 modelima ukazuju na trend povećanja
priorities
of the
are therefore
fully
with the
targets ofdo
e-SEE
temperature
do project
2030. godine
u odnosu
naaligned
bazni period
1961-1990,
1,0°CAgenda+.
na godišnjem nivou
3.2.4. Sumarni prikaz scenarija
na čitavoj teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine. Najveće povećanje očekuje se u ljetnom razdoblju (junibeing implemented
by theprema
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE Initiative
avgust),The
do project
1,4°C. Uisperiodu
2071-2100. godina
scenariju A2
očekuje se rapidan
porast
Secretariat,
their existing
networks
and
resources. Empowering
temperature,capitalizing
i to do 4°C naongodišnjem
nivou, knowledge,
te do čak 4,8°C
u ljetnom
razdoblju.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Modeli ukazuju na nejednake promjene količine padavina. U centralnim i planinskim
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
područjima očekuje se blago povećanje padavina, dok se na ostalim područjima očekuje smanjenje
with
the fellow
UNDP
Country
in the
region, while
theočekuje
Office ofseSenior
ICT Advisor
at the BDP
padavina.
Prema
scenariju
A2 Offices
u periodu
2071-2100.
godina
smanjenje
padavinama
na
in
New York
is providing
expertise
and
playing očekuje
an advisory
Government-appointed
members
čitavaoj
teritotiji
BiH. Najveći
deficit
padavina
se urole.
ljetnom
periodu koji može iznositi
i doof
50%Regional
u odnosue-Governance
na bazni period
1961-1990.
the
Advisory
Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
73
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
A1B 2001-2030.
A1B 2071-2100.
A2 2071-2100.
DJF
0,6 – 0,9
1,8 – 2,4
2,4 – 3,6
MAM
0,8 – 0,9
2,4 – 2,6
3,4 – 3,8
JJA
1,1 – 1,4
3,4 – 3,6
4,6 – >4,8
SON
0,5 – 0,9
2,0 – 2,4
2,8 – 3,2
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
GODINA
0,8 – 1,0
2,8be implemented. 3,4
– 3,8
requirements
it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility
and how 2,4
it is–to
This
is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
Tabela 16. Promjena temperature u °C SINTEX -5 model
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
A1B 2001-2030.
A1B 2071-2100.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
A2 2071-2100.
DJF
0,2 – 0,5
3 – 3,8
3,2 – 4
SON
0,9 – 1,1
3,4 – 3,8
3,8 – 4,2
A1B 2001-2030
A1B 2071-2100
A2 2071-2100
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
MAM
< 0,2 seeking to participate
2,2 – 2,6
3,2
such
as older populations experience when
on equal terms in 2,6
the–Information
Society.
JJA
0,5 – 0,8
4 – 4,2
4,4 – 4,8
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
GODINA
0,4 – 0,6
3,2 – 3,6
3,6 – 4,0
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent
of the
across thepo
European
Union
has a disability, such as a
Tabela
17. population
Promjena temperature
°C ECHAM5
model
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
-15 – -5
-50 – -10
-5 – 30
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
MAM
-10 – 5
-15 – 0
-30 – 0
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
JJA across areas such as Television
-5 – Without
15
-30 subtitling),
–0
-50 – 0Directive
spread
Frontiers (for
the Copyright
(forSON
copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms
assistive
e-Accessibility
-10 – 20 Framework (for-50
– -15 technologies).-30
–0
is also
covered by policy, and guidelines
exist for programmatic
GODINA
-20 – 10 and benchmarking
-30 – -10
-15 – 0 support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
DJF
Tabela 18. Promjena padavina u % po SINTEX -5 modelu
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
A1B 2001-2030
A1B 2071-2100
A2 2071-2100
-10 – 10
-50 – -20
-50 – -20
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
of the Information
than
DJF marginalized. It helps fulfil the
0 –promise
10
-15 – 5 Society to reduce
-30 –rather
15
insufficient
MAM increase the disadvantages certain
0 – 15 populations face.-5Conversely,
– 15
-10effort
– 10 in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
JJA
and private, -30
to such
SON 2. Improving access to services,
-10 –public
5
– -5 a significant proportion
-20 – 0 of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
GODINA
-5 – 10
-15 – -5
-20 – -5
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Tabela 19. Promjena
u % po °C
ECHAM5
3. Improving e-Accessibility
for thepadavina
marginalized
could
also modelu
lead to improved access for
2
74
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
3.3.Utjecaji
klimatskih promjena po
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4.sektorima
The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Sektori koji su najranjiviji na klimatske promjene u Bosni i Hercegovini su: poljoprivreda,
5. Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
andekosistemi.
recommendations
will assist
in the
vodni resursi,
zdravlje
ljudi, šumarstvo,
biodiverzitet
i osjetljivi
U tom smislu
obavljene
su detaljne
analize
dugoročnih
klimatskih
promjena
u
ovim
sektorima.
Procjene
su
zasnovane
EU
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in thena
SRES klimatskim
scenarijima
A1B
i
A2
koji
su
izrađeni
za
Bosnu
i
Hercegovinu
za
potrebe
Drugog
and SEE countries.
nacionalnog izvještaja (SNC). Za svaki sektor identificirane su predložene mjere prilagođavanja
na osnovu stručnog konsenzusa, konsultacija sa zainteresovanim stranama i analize relevantnih
istraživanja.
1.2. About this report
U ovom poglavlju razmatra se i potencijalna finansijska i tehnološka podrška ovim mjerama, specific
jer je ekonomska
situacija
Bosni i Hercegovini takva da će za realizaciju mnogih mjera priThe
goals of this
reportuare:
lagođavanja biti neophodna spoljna pomoć. Bosna i Hercegovina je zemlja u razvoju, a njene emisije gasova s efektom staklenika (GHG) znatno su niže nego u referentnoj 1991. godini, uglavnom
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
zbog ratnog razdoblja 1992–1995. te oštećenja i restrukturiranja industrije. Međutim, iako je utjeinstruments
andna
strategic
documents;
caj Bosne
i Hercegovine
globalnelevel
klimatske
promjene zanemarljiv, njena je privreda pod veli­kim
pritiskom
klimatskih
promjena.
Zbog of
takve
situacije prilagođavanja
na klimatske
promjene,
2. usljed
to develop
a comparative
picture
e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people versus
people
prije svega u prethodno pomenutim ključnim sektorima, treba da predstavljaju imperativ u bo­rbi
with disabilities;
protiv klimatskih promjena. Određivanje prioritetnih mjera identificiranih kroz analizu tro­škova i
koristi, predviđena
kaocurrent
aktivnost
u toku
izrade Trećegand
nacionalnog
izvještaja.
3. to assessjethe
level
of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
3.3.1. Poljoprivreda
3.3.1.1. Utjecaji na poljoprivredu na osnovu klimatskih scenarija
Poljoprivreda je privredna grana koja je općenito najranjivija na klimatske promjene (Spasova
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
et all, 2007, Majstorovic, 2008, Trbic 2012) s obzirom na klimatsku osjetljivost ovog sektora, udio
that
is being implemented
in the
of theu e-SEE
Initiative.
a regional
project designed
poljoprivrede
u ekonomiji BiH,
brojcontext
zaposlenih
ovom sektoru,
teIts is
njim
blisko povezana
socijalno-by
the
UNDP Country
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
ekonomska
pitanja Office
sigurnog
snabdijevanja
hranom. supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Zbog raznolike of
topografije
i raznovrsnosti
BiH,
scenariji
moraju
u obzir
preovlađujuće
in the implementation
the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority
Areauzeti
of the
e-SEE
Agenda+, the
obrasce korištenja zemljišta u svakom od regiona u zemlji. Na primjer, prognozirano smanjenje
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
izuzetno hladnih zima i mrazeva koji se javljaju krajem proljeća i početkom jeseni pogodovalo bi
priorities
of uthe
project are therefore
fully aligned
with the
targets
of znatno
e-SEE smanjene
Agenda+. u scenariju
voćnjacima
sjeverozapadnoj
BiH. Navedene
klimatske
pojave
bile bi
A1B (2001–2030). U scenariju A1B (2001–2030.) predviđa se produženje vegetacionog razdoblja
project is being
by the
e-SEE
Initiative
(dana sThe
temperaturom
iznadimplemented
5°C) u nizijama
sa Sarajevo-based
32 na 75 dana, UNDP-funded
kao i produženje
razdoblja
s
temperaturama
iznad 20°Consatheir
38 naexisting
69 dana (Federalni
hidrometeorološki
zavod FBIH,Empowering
Republički
Secretariat,
capitalizing
knowledge,
networks and resources.
hidrometeorološki
zavod
RS), što može and
pozitivno
utjecati
na visinu prinosa,
kao i nawithin
kvalitet
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
the e-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
theusjeva
Social
uopće. Povećanje minimalne temperature, tj. broja dana s fiziološki aktivnim temperaturama, takođe
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
može omogućiti uzgoj kasnih usjeva, čime se obezbjeđuju veći prinosi i usjevi koji su pogodniji za
with
the fellow
UNDPovog
Country
Offices
in theukazuju
region,na
while
the
Office of Senior
ICTkoje
Advisor
the
BDP
skladištenje.
Nalazi
scenarija
takođe
to da
klimatske
promjene
utičuatna
južni
in
is providing
expertise
and playing
anmaksimizirati
advisory role.poljoprivrednu
Government-appointed
members
dioNew
BiH,York
odnosno
na region
Hercegovine,
mogu
proizvodnju
i širenjeof
mediteranskih
sorti usjeva. Advisory
Pošto poljoprivredni
proizvodi act
čineasznačajan
dio aktuelnog
uvoza,
ovi
the
Regional e-Governance
Taskforce (REGATA)
government
Focal Points
for their
preduslovi
za
izvoz
bi
u
konačnici
mogli
smanjiti
spoljnotrgovinski
deficit.
respective countries.
75
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Pozitivni utjecaji se mogu očekivati na voće iz potporodice Maloideae (prije svega jabuke
i kruške) i, u izvjesnoj mjeri, na običnu vinovu lozu. Pozitivni utjecaji se mogu očekivati i kada su
u pitanju baštenske kulture, naročito one koje se proizvode u staklenicima, gdje će u toku proi­
zvodnih ciklusa biti potrebno znatno manje toplotne energije. Povećani prinosi će takođe povećati konkurentnost u poređenju s kulturama koji se trenutno uvoze iz zemalja s toplijim klimatskim
uslovima i nižim troškovima proizvodnje.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
U okviru ispitanih scenarija mogu se očekivati i negativni utjecaji. Dok produženje vege­
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
tacionog razdoblja kod ratarskih kultura može utjecati na povećanje prinosa ozimih usjeva,
requirements
it sets in niskih
all aspects
of e-Accessibility
how it strane,
is to be implemented.
This is followed
odsustvo optimalnih
temperatura
(0–10°C),and
s druge
može imati negativan
utjecaj
bynaa proces
description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
jarovizacije. Kada je, na primjer, u pitanju koštičavo voće, toplije zime mogu dovesti do
smanjenja
prinosa and
zboge-Accessibility
nedostatka optimalnog
zimskog hlađenja. Ljetni usjevi mogu biti ugroženi
disability
in general
in particular.
višim temperaturama vazduha i ljetnim sušama. Pored toga, prema regionalnom scenariju klima­
tskih promjena A1B (2001–2030), očekuje se i povećanje učestalosti obilnih padavina praćenih
olujama, što će biti propraćeno znatnim spiranjem površinskog sloja zemljišta i salinizacijom
zemljišta, prvenstveno u južnim dijelovima BiH. Ove će promjene u datim regionima izazvati daljnje
prorjeđivanje pašnjaka
i smanjenje the
prinosa
stočne
hrane,that
što može
do slabijegand
kvaliteta
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming
range
of barriers
peopledovesti
with disabilities
othersi
smanjenja
mlijeka,
naročito when
u malih
preživara.
such
as olderprinosa
populations
experience
seeking
to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
Ovi utjecaji će zahtijevati velike promjene u smislu poljoprivredne opreme i praksе, kao i
dodatnog rada na odabiranju i uvođenju novih sorti prilagođenih novonastalim klimatskim uslovima.
e-Accessibility
can potentially
referobaviti
to anyitype
of ICTispitivanja
used by citizens,
andse
involves
everything
U dugoročnom
razdoblju
biće potrebno
terenska
sorti koje
trenutno
ne gaje
ili
se
gaje
samo
u
vrlo
ograničenim
područjima
BiH.
Jedan
takav
primjer
je
obični
sirak
(Sorghum
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
vulgare var.
imapopulation
veliku ekonomsku
vrijednost
kaoUnion
energetski
usjev (biogas)
kaoa
television.
Up Sudanense),
to 15 percentkoji
of the
across the
European
has a disability,
suchi as
stočna hrana za preživare.
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar orToplija
higheri suvlja
proportion.
klima će sigurno smanjiti širenje fitopatogenih gljiva (kojima pogoduju česte
padavine i visoka relativna vlažnost), što će olakšati suzbijanje određenih biljnih bolesti. Međutim,
suvlja A
klima
će zahtijevati
promjene
poljoprivredne
tehnologije,
kaoand
štoguidelines
je intenziviranje
perhaps
surprising
numberuofkorištenju
international
agreements,
regulations
cover
navodnjavanja, što može povećati učestalost nekih fitopatogenih bakterija. Tretiranje ovih bakterija
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
može povećati troškove proizvodnje, a kada mjere suzbijanja uključuju i karantin (kao što je slučaj
the
relevant legal
context. No
single EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions
are
s Ralstonia
solanacearum
i Clavibacter
michiganensis
ssp. sepedonicus
(Spiec. ibut
Kot.),
to može
spread
across areas
such
as Television
Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
prouzrokovati
značajne
finansijske
gubitke.
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Pored toga,
blage zime
doprinijeti
rasprostranjenosti
štetnih
insekata (nasupport.
primjer,
is also covered
by policy,
andmogu
guidelines
andvećoj
benchmarking
exist for
programmatic
intenzivnija migracija jednog od najopasnijih štetočina za koštičavo voće, Capondis tenebrionsis,
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
iz južne BiH ka sjevernoj BiH), pa čak i pojavi novih štetočinskih vrsta koje bi mogle zahtijevati
mjere za suzbijanje koje bi značajno povećale troškove proizvodnje ili čak oštetile višegodišnje
is at least
a five-fold
justification
for early
action
in the termofilnih
area of e-Accessibility:
biljke.There
Na primjer,
toplija
klima može
omogućiti
širenje
invazivnih
korova kao što su
Amorpha fructicosa, Ambrosia sp., Xanthim strumarium, Helianthus tuberosus i drugih, stvarajući
tako znatne
za suzbijanje
1. It istroškove
worthwhile
in its ownštetočina.
right to improve access to services to people who are already
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Ukupna količina, distribucija i intenzitet padavina od izuzetnog su značaja za obezbjeđivanje
increase
the disadvantages
populations
face.
insufficient
effort
in this
optimalnog retencijskog
kapacitetacertain
zemljišta
za vodu. Ako
seConversely,
tokom razdoblja
suše ne
obezbijedi
areanavodnjavanje
is likely to further
marginalize
groups.
adekvatno
usjeva,
smanjenithese
prinosi
ili čak potpuni gubitak prinosa biće neizbježni
ukoliko suvo vrijeme pogodi usjeve tokom osjetljive fenofaze. Drugim riječima, izuzetno suvo
Improving
access može
to services,
public
and private,
to isuch
a significant
proportion
the
vrijeme2.tokom
oprašivanja
potpuno
spriječiti
oplodnju
formiranje
sjemena
te omestiofrast
significant
can help public
services
fulfil
usjeva.population
U prošlosti,opens
suše su
pogađalemarket/sales
BiH svakih triopportunities,
do pet godina,and
a u zavisnosti
od njihovog
trajanja
i jačinetheir
prinosi
su uinprosjeku
bili smanjeni
za 30 do 95 posto. Suše su zabilježene 1992, 1995. i 1998.
remit
a cost effective
manner.
godine, dok je 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011. i 2012. u nekim regionima bilo proglašeno stanje elementarne
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
76
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduce
the cost
of webmože
service
and enhanceali
the
nepogode.
Smanjenje
prinosa
tokom
sušnog
razdoblja
se development,
ublažiti navodnjavanjem,
količina prospects
obradivog for
zemljišta
s
instaliranim
sustavima
za
navodnjavanje
veoma
je
ograničena
(oko
migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
0,65%), pa bi stoga bilo potrebno preduzeti značajne mjere za proširenje područja s instaliranim
4. The
earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
sustavima
za navodnjavanje.
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Rast, ponašanje i zdravlje domaćih životinja zavisiće kako od nasljednih osobina tako i od
5. Pursuing
approaches
follow EU
guidelines
recommendations
assistutiču
in the
spoljašnjih
uslova. Klimatski
uslovithat
i klimatske
promjene
utičuand
na apetit
i zdravlje stokewill
i direktno
aspects
of theutjecaj,
development
of the
Information
Society iinživotne
the EU
convergence
of different
na profitabilnost
stočarstva.
Direktan
klimatski
razmjena
toplote
između životinja
sredine, and
vezuje
se
za
temperaturu
i
relativnu
vlažnost
vazduha,
kao
i
za
tempo
cirkulacije
vazdušnog
SEE countries.
strujanja i toplotnog zračenja. Ovi faktori imaju određeni utjecaj na zdravlje i dobrobit životinja, zavisno
od vrste, rase i klase svakog pojedinačnog grla stoke. Zagrijavanje generalno podstiče širenje patogenih
mikroorganizama i parazita. Indirektan utjecaj toplije klime ogleda se u povećanim prinosima i u
kvaliteti pašnjaka, krmnog bilja i žitarica. Pošto su biljke autotrofni organizmi, one predstavljaju glavni
izvor hrane za domaće preživare u lancu ishrane u ekosistemima širom svijeta. Pašnjaci obezbjeđuju
The
report
are: a povišena koncentracija CO umnogome poboljšava stočnu
više specific
od 90% goals
hraneof
zathis
divlje
preživare,
2
hranu, za razliku od smanjenja azota, koje utiče na nisku proteinsku vrijednost stočne hrane.
1.2. About this report
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
3.3.1.2. Socio-ekonomski utjecaj klimatskih promjena na
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus
poljoprivredu
with disabilities;
people
Udio
lova, šumarstva
i ribarstva u BDP-u
BiH u 2010. godini
iznosio je 7,11%,
3. to poljoprivrede,
assess the current
level of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
što predstavlja
blagi
pad
u
odnosu
na
2009.
(7,4%)
i
2008.
(7,5%).
Mnogo
važnija
je činjenica da
4. to identify good practices in the region;
sektor poljoprivrede u Bosni i Hercegovini zapošljava najveći broj ljudi – oko 160.000 – naročito u
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
ruralnim područjima. U 2009. godini, ovaj sektor je zapošljavao 166.000 radnika.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
- se tiče
comply
withukupna
requirements
for the
UN and
EU. iznosila je nešto više od 1,1 miliona
Što
usjeva,
proizvodnja
žitarica
u 2010.
tona, od čega su oko 77% činili kukuruz (više od 850.000 tona) i pšenica. U 2010. je došlo do naglog
smanjenja proizvodnje žitarica, kada je u poređenju s 2009. godinom proizvedeno 11,4% manje
kukuruza
i 43,2%
manje
pšenice.
Trendovi
su slični
i kada su Marginalised
u pitanju drugiGroups
poljoprivredni
proizvodi
This
report
is part
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
in e-Governance’,
(raž, zob, ječam, sijeno, povrće, mlijeko itd). Klimatske promjene nesumnjivo imaju znatan utjecaj
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
na ukupne prinose.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’sUDemocratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
to supportpromjenama
the South Eastern
Europe region
ovom trenutku,
mjerama
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
u poljoprivrednom
sektoru
BiH pridaje seofmarginalan
TokomSociety
izradePriority
SNC-a,Area
urađena
pojednostavljena
in
the implementation
the Inclusiveznačaj.
Information
of thejee-SEE
Agenda+, the
analiza
potencijalnih
šteta
povezanih
s
klimatskim
promjenama
i
mogućih
prednosti
prilagođavanja
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
klimatskim promjenama, koja ukazuje na potrebu daljnjih istraživanja i investicija u poljoprivredu
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
u cilju smanjenja osjetljivosti na ekstremne klimatske promjene. S obzirom na to da je prosječna
cijena pšenice i kukuruza u 2010. bila oko 300 KM/t, pad proizvodnje od 15-20% izazvao bi štetu
The project
beingmiliona
implemented
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
u vrijednosti
od oko is45-60
KM. Akoby
sethe
uračuna
i šteta po industrijsko
bilje,
voće, Initiative
povrće
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on
their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
i druge usjeve, gubici mogu lako dostići 165 miliona KM – što je jednako ukupnom budžetu za
poljoprivredu Groups
u BiH (koji
uključuje samo
90the
miliona
za direktnu
farmama,
se
Marginalised
in e-Governance
and
e-SEEKM
Secretariat
arepodršku
positioned
within pošto
the Social
6
oko
60
miliona
KM
izdvaja
za
mjere
ruralne
politike)
.
Posljedice
smanjene
proizvodnje
vidljive
su
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
u rastu cijena poljoprivrednih proizvoda.
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York
is providing
expertise poljoprivrede
and playing anjeste
advisory
role. Government-appointed
members
Ključni
faktor u ranjivosti
nedovoljna
upotreba agrotehničkih
mjera, aof
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
(REGATA)
act as government
Focalprouzrokovane
Points for their
naročito
nerazvijeni
i zastarjeli
sustaviTaskforce
za navodnjavanje
i protivgradnu
zaštitu. Štete
respective countries.
6 1 EUR=1,95583 KM, Centralna banka Bosne i Hercegovine, juni 2013
77
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
sušama, poplavama i gradom već neko vrijeme su stvarnost u Bosni i Hercegovini. Shodno tome,
očekuje se da će poljoprivreda trpjeti najveće štete izazvane klimatskim promjenama i, ukoliko ne
dođe do drastičnih poboljšanja, mogu se očekivati ekstremne temperature i padavine, u kombinaciji
s drugim ekstremnim vremenskim uslovima i isparavanjima, koja će zajedno prouzročiti smanjenja
ukupne poljoprivredne proizvodnje (Popović , 2008). Dakle, postojeća varijabilnost klime već
značajno utiče na poljoprivredni sektor, što znači da su ekstremni vremenski uslovi u prosjeku
doveli do gubitaka od najmanje 200 miliona KM na godišnjem nivou. Štete od klimatskih promjena
su daleko veće od godišnjih podsticaja koji se isplaćuju poljoprivrednim proizvođačima.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements
it sets
in all aspects
how it is to be
implemented.
This is
followed
Ruralna
područja
u Bosniofi e-Accessibility
Hercegovini suand
zapostavljena,
a strategije
ruralnog
razvoja
su
byusvojene
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
tek nedavno i predviđaju tek minimalne investicije. Ruralna područja su ranjivija zbog
nedostatka
infrastrukture
i lošijih životnih
uslova nego u urbanim sredinama. U ruralni razvoj se
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
godišnje ulaže samo oko 40 miliona dolara (60 miliona KM). U procesu pristupanja EU treba koristiti
trgovinske pogodnosti predviđene ugovorom CEFTA, zajedno s drugim raspoloživim resursima
EU kao što su Program za poljoprivredni i ruralni razvoj (ARDP), Instrument za pretpristupnu
pomoć (IPA) i Instrument za tehničku pomoć i razmjenu informacija (TAIEX). Posebnu pažnju
treba posvetitiisaspektu
održivosti ruralnog
razvoja,
tj. zaštiti
šumskih ekosistema,
e-Accessibility
about overcoming
the range
of barriers
that voda,
peoplešuma
with idisabilities
and others
zaštićenim
područjima
biodiverziteta
itd.
Stanovnici
ruralnih
područja
imaju
niske
prihode
i najviše
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
su pogođeni negativnim efektima u gotovo svim sektorima. Oni su posebno ugroženi zbog visokih
Society.
troškova prilagođavanja, i s pravom očekuju aktivnosti i pomoć od državnih institucija.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility
can potentially
to značajan
any type ofutjecaj
ICT used
citizens, and
involves everything
Klimatske promjene
takođerefer
imaju
na by
proizvodnju
i bezbjednost
hrane.
Evidentne
su
česte
promjene
klimatskih
uslova
te
pojava
novih
patogena
i
biljnih
bolesti
(FAO,
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling
on
2007).
Ove
i
druge
promjene
dovode
do
smanjenja
proizvodnje
zbog
smanjenja
prinosa
i
smanjivanja
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
obradivih površina, što dovodi do kratkoročne nestabilnosti cijena i dugoročnih povećanja cijena
visual,
cognitive,
or motor
and SEE
countries
can expectzbog
to have
hranehearing,
u svijetu.speech,
Izvještaji
FAO-a ukazuju
naimpairment,
to da se globalne
cijene
hrane povećavaju
lošiha
similar
or higher
proportion.
klimatskih
uslova,
rasta cijena energenata i sl. Prema podacima FAO-a iz 2007. godine (FAO, 2007),
skoro 11% obradivog zemljišta u razvijenim zemljama bi se moglo naći pod negativnim utjecajem
klimatskih
promjena,
što podrazumijeva
smanjenje prinosa
u 85 zemalja
i smanjenje
poljoprivredne
A perhaps
surprising
number of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
proizvodnje kao udjela u BDP-u u 16% zemalja. Prema ovom izvještaju, ključni socio-ekonomski
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
utjecaji su sljedeći:
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across
areas such
as Television
Without Frontiers
(for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
 Smanjenje
prinosa
usjeva i poljoprivredne
proizvodnje;
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
 Pad udjela poljoprivredne proizvodnje u BDP-u;
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
 Nestabilnost
cijenatona
svjetskim tržištima;
Furthermore,
moves are afoot
strengthen
these and to enact more legislation.
 Povećanje broja ljudi koji nemaju pristup dovoljnim količinama hrane;
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
 Migracije i socijalni nemiri.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Prema klimatskim scenarijima A1B i A2, sektori poljoprivrede, šumarstva i ribarstva
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil the zemljišta
promise of
the ekstremnih
Informationvremenskih
Society to reduce
rather
than
suočiće
se s degradacijom
i erozijom
(zbog
uslova),
gubitkom
increase
the disadvantages
populations
face.čestih
Conversely,
insufficient
in this
obradivog
zemljišta
i smanjenjemcertain
stočnog
fonda (zbog
slučajeva
ugibanjaeffort
stoke)
itd.
U izvještaju
iz further
2008. godine
(FAO, these
2008),groups.
koji se temelji na projekcijama IPCC iz 2007,
area isFAO-a
likely to
marginalize
najveći pad prinosa u Evropi očekuje se na Mediteranu, jugozapadu Balkana i na jugu evropskog
2. Improving
to services,
public
private, preraspodjele
to such a significant
proportion
the
dijela Rusije.
Može access
se očekivati
da će doći
do and
geografske
određenih
kulturaof(npr.
population
opens
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and can
public
fulfil
suncokret
i kukuruz,
koji
će se uzgajati
u sjevernijim
oblastima).
Ovahelp
studija
je services
od posebnog
interesa
i značaja
Bosnu
i Hercegovinu
their
remit inza
a cost
effective
manner. jer se ona nalazi u zoni rizika kada je u pitanju
proizvodnja hrane. Opća situacija je pogoršana povećanjem cijena i tražnje na svjetskom
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
78
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can
reduce the
cost of webfinansijskim
service development,
and enhance
the
tržištu hrane,
rastom
cijena
energenata
i učestalim
krizama koje
će stvoriti
opću makroekonomsku
nestabilnost
i
nesigurnost.
Kao
rezultat
toga,
došlo
bi
do
pogoršanja
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
spoljnotrgovinskog deficita u razmjeni poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Pored toga, očekuje se da će
The earlier
action is
the easier itpovećanja
is to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
doći i do4.povećanja
potreba
zataken,
navodnjavanjem,
rizika
od šumskih požara,
povećanjaof
"jalovih“e-Services
zemljišta, and
smanjena
biodiverziteta
itd.
to lower
the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
3.3.2. Vodni resursi
Prosječna godišnja količina padavina u BiH iznosi oko 1.250 l/m2, što – s obzirom na površinu
BiH od 51.129 km2 – iznosi 64 x 109 m3 vode, odnosno 2.030 m3/s. Oticanje sa teritorije BiH je 1.155
m3/s, s prosječnim koeficijentom proticaja 0,577. Prosječno godišnje oticanje prema Dunavskom
slivu, čija je površina u BiH 38.719 km2 (75,7%), iznosi 722 m3/s ili 62,5%, dok oticanje iz vodnog
područja
Jadranskog
mora,
čija je
površina u BiH 12.410 km2 (24,3%), iznosi 433 m3/s ili 37,5%.
The
specific
goals of this
report
are:
1.2. About this report
Površina
Dužina vodotoka
Prosječni
[km2]
[km]
[m3/s]
Una u BA
9.130
1.480,7
240
Neretva i Trebišnjica u BA
10.110
886,8
402
RIJEČNI BAZENI JADRANSKOG MORA
12.410
1.063,8
433
Sliv international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
1. to outline the
sliva
dužih od 10 km
protjecaj
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
5.506
1.693,2
63
with disabilities;
Neposredni sliv Save u BA i Ukrina
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Vrbas
6.386
1.096,3
132
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Bosna
10.457
2.321,9
163
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Drina u -BA
7.240
1.355,6
124
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
RIJEČNI- BAZENcomply
DUNAVA
38.719
7.947,7
722
with requirements for the UN
and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Bosna
i Hercegovina
51.129
that is being
implemented in the context of the e-SEE
Initiative. It is9.011,5
a regional project1.155
designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Tabela
20. Karakteristični
pokazatelji
slivnihtoi support
podslivnihthe
područja
BiH,
UNDP’s Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
South uEastern
Europe region
Projekat IPA 2007 – Podrška politici voda u BiH, 2011
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regionalMale
action
plan
Information
Society
development,
and the
UNCRPD.
The programmatic
vode
na for
slivnim
i podslivnim
područjima
su veoma
izražene.
Vrijednosti
minimalnih
srednjih mjesečnih
voda
osiguranosti
(s kojima
setargets
uglavnom
barata
kada se govori o
priorities
of the project
are95%
therefore
fully aligned
with the
of e-SEE
Agenda+.
minimalnim vodama koje osiguravaju opstanak ekosistema u i oko voda) iznose oko 15% srednjih
godišnjih
proticaja.
pokazatelj
ukazuje na
stanje u podslivuUNDP-funded
rijeke Bosne. Nelinearnost
je
The
project Ovaj
is being
implemented
by loše
the Sarajevo-based
e-SEE Initiative
još izraženija na vodnom području Jadranskog mora, gdje su pojedini vodotoci presušili.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
in prostoru
e-Governance
and theue-SEE
Secretariat
are
positioned
within the
Social
Velike Groups
vode se na
BiH pojavljuju
vidu bujičnih
režima,
s kratkim
poplavnim
talasima
3
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
UNDPpodručje
Countryrijeke
OfficeSave,
in Sarajevo
is odnos
working
closely
i velikim modulima oticanja
(1–1,5 mSector.
/s/km2).The
Za vodno
prosječan
srednjih
godišnjih
proticaja
i velikih
vodaOffices
vjerovatnoće
iznosi
=18.5Q
, štoICT
znači
da je ovo
vodno
with
the fellow
UNDP
Country
in the pojave
region,1%
while
theQOffice
of Senior
Advisor
at the
BDP
(1%)
sr.g.
područje
nepovoljno
po
režimu
malih
i
velikih
voda
s
najvećom
gustinom
stanovništva
i
najizraženijim
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
potrebama za vodom (Projekat IPA 2007 – Podrška politici voda u BiH, 2011).
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
7 Projekat IPA 2007 – Podrška politici voda u BiH, 2011
79
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Prethodne hidrološke analize u BiH suočile su se s problemom potpunog odsustva podataka
o oticanju rijeka u BiH tokom 90-ih godina prošloga vijeka, a isti problem se javio i tokom izrade
ove studije.8 Naime, zbog odsustva dovoljno obrađenih podataka o oticanju iz vodnog područja
Jadranskog mora nije bilo moguće izvršiti pouzdanu analizu ovog veoma važnog vodnog područja
u BiH.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Analiza sliva rijeke Bosne ne pokazuje promjene u vrijednostima prosječnih mjesečnih
oticanja tokom vremena. Analiza trendova mjesečnih padavina za razdoblje 1961–2011. (izračunatih
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
kao prosječna vrijednost mjesečnih padavina u meteorološkim stanicama u Sarajevu, Zenici i Tuzli)
requirements
it sets in all
aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how
it is to
be implemented.
Thisniisna
followed
9
i prosječno mjesečno
oticanje
rijeke
Bosne u Maglaju
u istom
razdoblju
ne ukazuju
kakve
byznačajne
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
promjene.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Do istog zaključka se dolazi i kada se uporede statistički parametri sekvenci srednjih
vrijednosti mjesečnog oticanja rijeke Bosne u Maglaju tokom razdoblja 1961–1990. i 1991–2010.
sa statističkim parametrima mjesečnih padavina (izraženo kao prosječna vrijednost mjesečnih
padavina u meteorološkoj stanici u Sarajevu i meteorološkoj stanici u Zenici), tokom istih razdoblja.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Grafikon 23. Serija srednjih mjesečnih protjecanja rijeke Bosne u Maglaju, s trendom, te prosječna
vrijednost mjesečnih padavina (MS Sarajevo, MS Zenica, MS Tuzla) s trendom (razdoblje 1961-2010)
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
the disadvantages
certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
8Ovaj increase
problem je detaljnije
obrađen u INC.
area is
likely rijeke
to further
these
groups.
za januar
1992. – decembar 2000. izračunatih na bazi višestruke
9Vrijednosti
proticaja
Bosnemarginalize
u Maglaju, Qsr.pr.
korelacije između vrijednosti Qsr.pr. za Bosnu u Maglaju u razdoblju januar 1961. – decembar 2010, sa sljedećim
2. Improving
access
toistog
services,
mjesečnim
vrijednostima
tokom
perioda:public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
• MS
Sarajevo
(ukupne
mjesečne
padavine,
srednja mjesečna
temperatura)
population opens significant market/sales
opportunities,
and can help public services fulfil
• MS Zenica (ukupne mjesečne padavine, srednja mjesečna temperatura)
their
remit
in amjesečne
cost effective
• MS
Tuzla
(ukupne
padavine,manner.
srednja mjesečna temperatura).
Višestruka korelacija izračunata po mjesecima (Višestruko R: 0.610220455-0.857194005; R Kvadrat: 0.3723690043. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
0.734781563).
2
80
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people;
it can mjesečna
reduce the
cost of web service development,
and enhance the
Srednja
protjecanja
Mjesečne padavine
Statistički
prospects for migrating web
services
onto new platforms
such( MS
as mobile
phones.
Bosna
(Maglaj)
prosjek
Sarajevo,
MS Zenica)
parametar
1991-2010.
1961-90.
4. The earlier action1961-90.
is taken, the easier
it is to integrate e-Accessibility
into1991-2010.
development of
Srednjae-Services
vr.
123,28
and to lower
the cost.
132,05
71,31
78,33
Mediana5. Pursuing approaches
108,78
68,98
that follow EU 111,73
guidelines and recommendations
will71,70
assist in the
Stand. dev.
79,94aspects of the85,12
36,95
40,43in the EU
development of the
Information Society
convergence of different
and SEE countries. 6.389,69
Varijansa
Spljoštenost
1,38
7.244,97
1.365,14
1.634,50
0,45
0,84
0,61
0,71
0,80
387,07
224,65
208,10
19,28
0,50
8,45
406,35
225,15
216,55
Iskošenost
1.2.
About this1,12report 0,97
Rang- opseg
437,93
The
specific goals of this report
are:
Minimum
16,29
Maksimum
454,22
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
and strategic
level documents;
Tabela 21.instruments
Statistički parametri
nizova srednjih
mjesečnih protjecanja rijeke Bosne u Maglaju, za razdoblje 1961-
90. i 1991-2010. godina, te statistički parametri mjesečnih padavina na MS Sarajevo i MS Zenica, za ista razdoblja
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Treba naglasiti da su analizirane sekvence relativno kratke. Osjetljivost rezultata koji se
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
baziraju na kratkim sekvencama evidentna je iz rezultata analize trendova, koji pored trendova
4. to identify
goodprikazuju
practices iintrend
the region;
za razdoblje
1961–1990.
jednačina za razdoblje 2001–2010, kao i 1991–2011.
5.
to
develop
a
set
of
recommendations
for mogu
government
and otherutjecaj.
stakeholders
how to:
Jednačine pokazuju da samo jedna ili dvije godine
imati značajan
U ovomon
slučaju,
izuzetno- vlažnaaddress
2010. ithe
izuzetno
suva
2011. godina imale su tako snažan utjecaj na srednje
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
vrijednosti
mjesečnog
proticaja
da
su
dovele
do UN
promjene
comply with requirements for the
and EU.trenda iz pozitivnog (rastući trend) u
negativan (opadajući trend).
Izuzetno suvlja razdoblja u Bosni i Hercegovini manifestuju se kroz pojavu niskog vodostaja,
This
report is ipart
of aproticaja
larger project,
Marginalised
Groups inSrpskoj
e-Governance’,
odnosno,
smanjenog
malog
na svim‘Empowering
značajnijim vodotocima
u Republici
i Bosni
that
is
being
implemented
in
the
context
of
the
e-SEE
Initiative.
It
is
a
regional
project
designed
i Hercegovini. U RS javljaju se zimski (januar – februar) i ljetni (jul – avgust) razdoblja niskogby
vodostaja.
Većina rijeka
u razdobljima
niskog vodostaja
snabdijeva
iz podzemnih
voda, by
a to
the
UNDP Country
Officese
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
NY, and funded
the
znatno
smanjuje
zalihe
podzemnih
voda
u
Bosni
i
Hercegovini.
S
obzirom
na
to
da
suša
predstavlja
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
izrazito nepovoljnu vremensku pojavu, brojne istraživačke aktivnosti širom svijeta usmjerene su na
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
njeno sprečavanje ili ublažavanje njenih negativnih efekata.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
3.3.2.1.Utjecaji na vodne resurse na osnovu klimatskih scenarija
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
existing knowledge,
Generalno,
oba scenarija
za razdoblja
2001–2030. i networks
2071–2100.and
(A1Bresources.
2001–2030;Empowering
A1B 2071–
2100; A2 2071–2100.)
porast temperature
vazduha
u BiH are
u svim
posmatranim
Marginalised
Groups predviđaju
in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
Secretariat
positioned
withingodišnjim
the Social
dobima
tokom
čitave
godine.
Istovremeno,
sva
tri
modela
prikazuju
smanjene
količine
padavina.
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Do promjena u režimu padavina će doći i u pogledu vremena pojavljivanja, učestalosti i intenziteta
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
ekstremnih događaja – poplava i suša. Najveći porast temperature vazduha predviđa se u vegetativnom
in
New York
is providing
expertise
andblaži
playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
razdoblju
(jun,
jul i avgust),
a nešto
porast
tokom marta,
aprila i maja. To značimembers
povećanuof
the
Regional e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act as
Points
for sve
their
evapotranspiraciju
i izraženije
ekstremne
minimume
vodostaja
nagovernment
vodotocima.Focal
S druge
strane,
učestalije padavine
većeg intenziteta izazvaće iznenadna oticanja, često u obliku poplava. Za oticanje
respective
countries.
vodotoka značajan je i utjecaj snježnih padavina, a predviđa se i znatno povećanje temperature
81
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
vazduha tokom zimske sezone – u decembru, januaru i februaru. Svi ovi rezultati podrazumijevaju
različite scenarije koji dovode do još izraženije međugodišnje nelinearnosti oticanja voda u BiH. S
jedne strane, doći će do općeg smanjenja dostupnosti vodnih resursa u vegetativnom razdoblju,
kada su potrebe najveće, dok će, s druge strane, rizik od poplava biti sve izraženiji.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Pored toga, projekcije ukazuju na još češće i intenzivnije pojave suša i poplava koje će biti
rasprostranjenije i dugotrajnije. Može se zaključiti da su potrebna dodatna i kompleksnija istraživanja
klimatskih promjena i njihovog utjecaja na vodne resurse, zajedno s razvojem sektorske strategije
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama s pratećim akcionim planom i konkretnim mjerama.
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility inutjecaj
particular.klimatskih promjena 3.3.2.2.
Socio-ekonomski
na vodne resurse
1.1. Iako
Why
e-Accessibility?
je Bosna
i Hercegovina bogata vodnim resursima, pritisci, problemi i nestašice su veoma
česti. Ogromne
vode za pićethe
se range
i dalje of
gube
u distributivnim
sustavima,
što stvara
e-Accessibility
is količine
about overcoming
barriers
that people
with disabilities
anddodatne
others
ogromne ekonomske gubitke. Iako ne postoje egzaktni pokazatelji kojima bi se kvantifikovali ovi
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
negativni utjecaji, sigurno je da ovi gubici iznose najmanje 50 miliona KM godišnje (na primjer,
Society.
procjenjuje se da Hrvatska, koja ima više stanovnika i bolju infrastrukturu, trpi godišnje gubitke
od oko 286 miliona evra). Pored toga, emisije gasova s efektom staklenika u stalnom su porastu
zbog povećane
potrošnje
energije zarefer
proizvodnju
vode
problem
je i manjak
vode u
e-Accessibility
can potentially
to any type
of za
ICTpiće.
usedDodatni
by citizens,
and involves
everything
poljoprivredi,
naročito
u
rizičnim
razdobljima
kada
su
zemlji
potrebne
minimalne
količine
vlage.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Energetski sektor Bosne i Hercegovine je takođe potencijalno ranjiv, naročito zbog toga
visual,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
and SEE
countries
expect to
have a
što bi hearing,
klimatske
promjene
mogle dovesti
doimpairment,
smanjenja riječnih
tokova.
Takvecan
ekstremne
situacije
similar
or higher
proportion.
bi mogle
da dovedu
do smanjenja proizvodnje hidroelektrične energije, što bi ugrozilo energetsku
sigurnost i proizvodnju struje namijenjene izvozu. Suše su u ranijim razdobljima utjecale na nivo
gubitaka
u proizvodnji
hidroelektrične
energije. Smanjena
proizvodnja
hidroelektrične
energije
A perhaps
surprising
number of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
usljed smanjenih riječnih tokova često mora biti nadomještena iz drugih domaćih izvora ili iz uvoza,
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
što je nepovoljno s aspekta povećanja emisija gasova s efektom staklenika (dodatna proizvodnja u
the
relevant legal
No single EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,deficita).
but actions are
elektranama),
ali context.
i s makroekonomskog
aspekta (povećanje
spoljnotrgovinskog
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
Svi ovi
izazovi zajedno
imaju
negativan
utjecaj (for
na socio-ekonomski
položaj
stanovništva
(for copyright
exemptions),
and the
Telecoms
Framework
assistive technologies).
e-Accessibility
svih covered
ekonomskih
akteraand
jer guidelines
nestabilnoand
snabdijevanje
električnom
možesupport.
dovesti
isi also
by policy,
benchmarking
exist for energijom
programmatic
do poskupljenja. Iako ne postoje egzaktni pokazatelji direktnih i indirektnih gubitaka nastalih
Furthermore,
are afoot
to strengthen
these anddato su
enact
more
legislation.
smanjenjem moves
vodotoka,
ipak bi
se moglo zaključiti
takvi
gubici
mnogo veći od gubitaka
uzrokovanih neadekvatnom vodovodnom mrežom, tj. oni bi lako mogli premašiti iznos od 100 miliona
KM (naThere
primjer,
vodotoci
opadnu
za 5–10%).for
U svakom
slučaju,
prema
Svjetske banke
is atako
least
a five-fold
justification
early action
in the
areapodacima
of e-Accessibility:
(2008), planirane investicije u energetski sektor u BiH do 2020. iznose nešto više od 4 milijarde evra,
pri čemu bi određena sredstva trebalo da budu preusmjerena na smanjenje ranjivosti u sektoru
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
hidroenergije. Mjere prilagođavanja se stoga moraju fokusirati na strategije i propise budući da
marginalized.
helps fulfil
thenegativan
promise utjecaj
of the Information
Society
reduce
rather
than
ekstre­m
ne klimatskeItpromjene
imaju
na vodne cikluse,
štotomože
dovesti
do suša
increase
thesektorima,
disadvantages
certain
populationsi prirodnim
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort odluka
in this
i utje­caja
u drugim
naročito
u poljoprivredi
ekosistemima.
Donosioci
u BiH još
uvijek
u svojim
strategijama
i planovima
upravljanja vodnim resursima nisu uzeli u obzir
area
is likely
to further
marginalize
these groups.
sve opasnosti klimatskih promjena. Istovremeno, potrebno je istražiti društveno-ekonomske efekte
2. Improving
to services,
publici and
private,
to suchrizike
a significant
proportion
of the
klimatskih
promjenaaccess
na zaštićena
područja
močvare
i proučiti
od poplava
ili smanjenih
opens
significant
and canuhelp
services mje­
fulfil
riječnihpopulation
tokova. Osim
toga,
potrebnamarket/sales
su i naučna opportunities,
i stručna istraživanja
vezi public
s neophodnim
rama prilagođavanja,
analize
rentabilnosti mjera, kao i u pogledu interakcija klimatskih
their remit in auključujući
cost effective
manner.
promjena, proizvodnje hidroenergije i snabdijevanja vodom za piće.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
82
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
3.3.3.Zdravlje
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action
taken, the easier
to integrate
intoscenarija
development of
3.3.3.1.Utjecaji
naiszdravlje
ljudiit isna
osnovue-Accessibility
klimatskih
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Vodeći uzroci morbiditeta i mortaliteta nisu se promijenili od objavljivanja Prvog nacionalnog
Pursuing
approaches
that (kardiovaskularna,
follow EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist
in the
izvještaja5. (INC):
cirkulatorni
sustav
cerebrovaskularna
oboljenja)
i maligne
neoplazme
(tj.
rak).
Iako
podaci
iz
literature
ukazuju
na
određenu
povezanost
ovih
oboljenja
s
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
klimatskim
and promjenama,
SEE countries.to ne može da se tvrdi sa sigurnošću budući da u BiH do danas nisu
sprovedena posebna istraživanja kojima bi se potvrdila veza između klimatskih promjena i njihovog
utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje.
1.2.UAbout
this report
BiH se kontinuirano ne prate ni direktni ni indirektni utjecaji klimatskih promjena na
zdravlje ljudi. Uprkos činjenici da se u pojedinim izvještajima sistematično analiziraju klimatske
The
specificu goals
report
promjene
BiH, of
jošthis
uvijek
neare:
postoji uspostavljen sustav za praćenje učestalosti pojedinih
bolesti u određenim regionima koje bi se mogle povezati s promjenama pojedinačnih klimatskih
parametara,
samimthe
timinternational
i s pojavom prirodnih
nepogoda.e-Accessibility
Podaci prikupljeni
na državnom
1. to aoutline
context regarding
including
existingnivou
legal
nisu upotrijebljeni za razvoj jasne metodologije za krizni odgovor na klimatske promjene, a nisu
andmjere
strategic
level
documents;
usvojeneinstruments
ni preventivne
kojima
bi se
spriječila pojava kritičnih situacija ili ublažile posljedice
izazvane2.klimatskim
promjenama
(smanjeni
prinosi zbog suše
ili poplava; people
nestašice
higijenski
to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
versus
people
ispravne vode za piće...)
with disabilities;
Dvije
godine the
kasnije,
očigledno
da oba entiteta
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
i dalje primjenjuju
3. to assess
current
level ofjee-Accessibility
and
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
Zakon o 4.
statistici,
odnosno
usvajaju
svoje
programe
statističkih
istraživanja
s
jednakim
vremenskim
to identify good practices in the region;
intervalima između dva ciklusa. Ovim programima definiše se okvir za prikupljanje podataka o
to develop
a set of recommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
on how
to:
statusu 5.
higijenske
ispravnosti
vode za piće, zdravstvenoj
ispravnosti
namirnica
i predmeta
opće
- kao i address
obstacles
to na
e-Accessibility;
upotrebe,
podatakathe
koji
se odnose
opasnosti po životnu sredinu i njihov utjecaj na zdravlje
ljudi. Zakonom
o evidencijama
i statističkim
u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite RS bliže se
comply
with requirements
foristraživanjima
the UN and EU.
definiše obim i način prikupljanja podataka i sprovođenje statističkih istraživanja, kao što je slučaj
i u Federaciji BiH. U praksi, BiH još uvijek nema uspostavljen model za protok informacija između
različitih
sektora,
čestoproject,
preklapaju
i nije uvijekMarginalised
jasno ko odgovara
kome,
ko prikuplja
This
reportnadležnosti
is part of ase
larger
‘Empowering
Groups
in e-Governance’,
podatke od koga i koja metodologija se koristi za rad s podacima. Kao posljedica toga, ne postoje
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
adekvatni izvještaji o zdravlju životne sredine, kao ni izvještaji o faktorima rizika i njihovom utjecaju
the
UNDP Country
Office
in Bosnia
anduprkos
Herzegovina,
by DG/BDP
NY, dobro
and funded
by the
na klimatske
promjene
i zdravlje
ljudi,
činjenicisupported
da je ova oblast
zakonski
regulisana
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
to support the
Southtome,
Eastern
Europe
region
i da je praksa
izvještavanja
usaglašena
sa zahtjevima
EUROSTAT-a.
Shodno
možemo
reći
da
je the
ranjivost
ljudi i dalje of
prisutna.
in
implementation
the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Iako ne postoje detaljna istraživanja, s prilično velikom sigurnošću se može reći da
priorities
the project
are therefore
aligned
the targets
of e-SEENesporno
Agenda+.je da postoji
klimatskeofpromjene
snažno
utiču na fully
zdravlje
ljudiwith
u Bosni
i Hercegovini.
velika briga društva za opće zdravlje stanovništva, ali učešće javnosti u ovim pitanjima od ključnog
The za
project
is being
implemented
by u
theokviru
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
je značaja
definisanje
efikasnih
odgovora
prilagođavanja
klimatskime-SEE
promjenama.
Secretariat,
their koja
existing
knowledge,
and resources.
Informirana icapitalizing
obrazovana on
javnost,
je dobro
upoznatanetworks
s opasnostima
ekstremnihEmpowering
klimatskih
uslova, može Groups
smanjitiinsvoju
ranjivost na
utjecaje
putem
odgovarajućih
mjera.
Marginalised
e-Governance
andnegativne
the e-SEE
Secretariat
are
positioned within
theGlavni
Social
uzroci
ozbiljnih
zdravstvenih
utjecaja
izazvanih
ekstremnim
klimatskim
promjenama
su
toplotni
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
udari, koji dovode do povećanog mortaliteta stanovništva BiH. Pogoršanje klimatskih uslova će
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
dovesti do češćih promjena i pogoršanja zdravstvenog stanja najtežih bolesnika. To uključuje
in
New York
is providing expertise
andalergijske
playing anreakcije
advisoryi druge
role. Government-appointed
members
bolesti
s kardiovaskularnim
rizicima,
akutne reakcije na visoke
dnevneof
the
Regional e-Governance
Advisory Taskforce
actbolesti
as government
Focal Points koje
for their
temperature,
kao i druge zdravstvene
probleme(REGATA)
kao što su
izazvane bakterijama
se
prenose vodom
i hranom, bolesti koje prenose insekti, ptice itd.
respective
countries.
83
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
3.3.4.Šumarstvo
Šume u Bosni i Hercegovini pokrivaju 53% ukupne površine zemlje. Zbog svoje prirodne i
raznovrsne strukture, kao i visoke stope prirodnog obnavljanja (oko 93%), šume u Bosni i Hercegovini
predstavljaju jedan od ključnih prirodnih resursa. Oko 20% drvne mase je ugljenik, a pored ove
činjenice, i ukupna šumska biomasa ima ulogu "skladišta ugljenika“. Na primjer, organske materije
iz šumskog zemljišta – kao što je humus nastao kao produkt raspadanja biljnog materijala –
takođe
skladište
ugljenik.
Kao rezultat
toga,UNCRPD,
šume skladište
ogromne količine
ugljenika:
prema
This
section
presents
an overview
of the
its significance
and main
sections,
the
jednom
istraživanju
FAO-a,
dva
puta
više
nego
u
atmosferi.
Ugljen-dioksid
kao
"đubrivo“
može
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
pospješiti rast i razvoj biljaka, pa tako šume mogu rasti brže zbog povećanog nivoa CO2 u atmosferi.
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level
relating to
Eksperimenti u laboratorijskim uslovima pokazuju da udvostručenje nivoa CO2 dovodi do početnog
disability
in general
in particular.
povećanja
od 20 doand
120e-Accessibility
posto, uz prosječno
povećanje od 40% (Eamus i Jarvis, 1989). Međutim, u
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
nekim slučajevima povećanje nivoa ugljen-dioksida podstiče rast samo privremeno, dok daljnji
porast koncentracije CO2 može čak i da ga smanji. Do smanjenja rasta može doći i zbog povećane
koncentracije skroba u lišću i smanjene fotosinteze (Wullschleger i dr., 1990).
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
of barriers
that people
with disabilities
and others
Bogatstvo
diverziteta
ogledathe
se range
u velikom
broju biljnih
i životinjskih
vrsta u regionu,
zbog
such
when seeking
to participate
equal
terms
in the Information
čegaasseolder
BiH populations
kotira visokoexperience
na listi najzanimljivijih
zemalja
u Evropi.onOva
veoma
značajna
raznolikost
daje šumskim ekosistemima bolju startnu poziciju za prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama, ali
Society.
u isto vrijeme postoji opasnost od gubitka rijetkih, jedinstvenih vrsta.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Šumski ekosistemi u BiH biće izloženi direktnim utjecajima iz sljedećih izvora:
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.- Uppromjene
to 15 percent
of the population
temperature
i padavina;across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
povećana
koncentracija atmosferskog CO2 (promjene u rastu drveća i upotrebi vode), i
similar or-higher
proportion.
- promjene u pojavi šumskih požara, u zastupljenosti štetočina, i u drugim intenzivnim
A perhaps
surprising
number(suša,
of international
agreements,
regulations
and
guidelines
prirodnim
nepogodama
iscrpljene zalihe
podzemnih
voda, rani
mrazovi,
jakecover
kiše,
smetovi,
oluje
itd).
this area. At the
highest
international
level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
3.3.4.1.Utjecaji
na the
šumarstvo,
na osnovu
klimatskih
scenarija
(for
copyright exemptions), and
Telecoms Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Na osnovu pretpostavljenih modela klimatskih promjena, izvršeno je poređenje s poznatim,
Furthermore,
moves
are
to strengthen
these andzatopojedine
enact more
legislation.
općim podacima
kada
suafoot
u pitanju
klimatski parametri
šumske
zajednice (Bertović, 1975).
Prosječne
temperature
različitim šumskim
ekosistemima
u BiH
trenutno se kreću u
There
is at least
a five-foldu justification
for early action
in the area
of e-Accessibility:
rasponu od bukovih šuma u lancu Dinarida (s prosječnom godišnjom temperaturom od 7,2 do
7,7°C) do šuma hrasta medunca i graba (s prosječnom godišnjom temperaturom od 12,7 do 13,5°C).
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Ovaj raspon pokazuje da bi scenario A2 za kraj ovog vijeka, s prognoziranim povećanjem prosječne
marginalized.
It helps
promise
of the
Information
Society
to reduce za
rather
than
temperature
od 3,4 do
3,8°C,fulfil
bio the
blizu
trenutno
postojeće
prosječne
temperature
izuzetno
increase
disadvantages
certain populations
Conversely,
insufficient
effort innathis
različite
šumskethe
zajednice.
Pretpostavljene
promjene face.
u šumskim
ekosistemima
upućuju
to
da bi se
drastične
promjene
desile
čak
i
u
najblažem
scenariju.
Većina
šuma
karakterističnih
za
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
planinske (dinarske) regione evoluirala bi u šume planinske bukve. U scenariju A1B, na kraju ovog
2. Improving
access to termofilnih
services, public
private,
to such
significant
proportion
of the
vijeka očekuje
se dominacija
šumaand
hrasta
kitnjaka
sa agrabom,
hrastom
meduncem
i hrastom
crnikom.
Model
A2 dovodi
do potpuneopportunities,
devastacije šumskih
ekosistema
i formiranja
population
opens
significant
market/sales
and can help
public services
fulfil
podmediteranskih
šumskih zajednica. Uopćeno govoreći, predloženi scenario
their remit ini amediteranskih
cost effective manner.
imao bi nesagledive (nezamislive) posljedice po šumske ekosisteme u BiH.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
84
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Postoji
mogućnost
da klimatske
promjene
utiču
na šumesuch
u BiH
načinphones.
koji bi tokom
prospects
for migrating
web services
onto new
platforms
as na
mobile
vremena mogao transformisati cijele šumske sisteme kroz pomjeranje njihovog rasporeda i
Thesaearlier
action
taken,društveno-ekonomskih
the easier it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
sastava.4.To
sobom
nosiis teret
i ekoloških
posljedica.
Klimatskeof
promjene
koje su and
se dogodile
neće
imati isti utjecaj na sve šumske ekosisteme u Bosni i
e-Services
to lower the
cost.
Hercegovini. U prilog ovoj tvrdnji ide činjenica da je opstanak šumskih zajednica povezan ne
Pursuing approaches
that
follow EUtemperaturom
guidelines andna
recommendations
will
in the
samo (ili5.isključivo)
s prosječnom
godišnjom
području na kome
seassist
pojavljuje
aspectsprosječne
of the development
of the Information
Society
the EU
convergence
of different
data zajednica,
što znači
da povećanje
godišnje temperature
neće biti
jediniinfaktor
koji utiče
na
promjenu.
Osim
prosječne
godišnje
temperature,
drugi
važni
elementi
uključuju
and SEE countries.
distribuciju i intenzitet padavina, koje treba analizirati zajedno i u interakciji s povećanjem
prosječne temperature, kao i s nizom drugih faktora koji se pojavljuju u nemjerljivim razdobljima
i s nemjerljivim intenzitetom. Osnovna polazišna tačka bila je porast temperature u cijelom
području u istom intervalu, što nije bio slučaj u predviđenom scenariju. Svaki region za koji
su predviđene promjene treba analizirati pojedinačno. To znači da bi se moglo očekivati da
The
specific goals
of this
are: ne predviđaju i ne dođe do promjena u strukturi šumskih
u regionima
u kojima
sereport
promjene
ekosistema. Neće sve zajednice (ili sorte) reagovati na isti način (neke se nalaze na većoj
nadmorskoj
neke
manje osjetljive),
što regarding
znači da treba
odvojeno analizirati
reakciju
svake
1. tovisini,
outline
thesu
international
context
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
zajednice. Sorte koje se nalaze u centru staništa biće tolerantnije na klimatske promjene, dok
instruments and strategic level documents;
će one blizu ivica biti veoma ranjive. Pored toga, sukcesija sorti i promjena strukture zajednica
vezane su
zadevelop
prirodnoa obnavljanje
i određene
su starošću
stabala. Kodpeople
nekih sorti
(kao
što
2. to
comparativešuma
picture
of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
versus
people
su hrastovi)
je više od 100 godina, a kod nekih sorti nerealno je očekivati promjene postojeće
with to
disabilities;
vegetacije u razdoblju kraćem od jednog vijeka (osim u slučaju prirodnih katastrofa). Najposlije,
kod svih3.promjena
i pomjeranja
šumskih
zajednica mora
se uzeti u obzir
i čitav niz drugih
to assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
faktora 4.
koji
nagood
promjene
šumskih
(promjene u strukturi zemljišta, promjene
toutiču
identify
practices
in theekosistema
region;
u genetičkim resursima i diverzitetu, prilagodljivost vrsta itd).
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the iobstacles
e-Accessibility;
Oštre
temperature
klimatskitouslovi,
kao što su mraz i toplotni talasi, kao i promjene u
comply
with
requirements
for
the
UN and
obliku, vremenu i količini padavina (na primjer, snijeg
u EU.
poređenju s kišom, suša u poređenju s
poplavama) mogu utjecati na pojedine vrste drveća te na položaj i nivo šumskih sistema, zato što ove
promjene mogu povećati osjetljivost na štetočine, patogene i oštre vremenske uslove (Schlyter i dr,
2006). Druga
značajna
prijetnja
šumskim
ekosistemima
uzrokovana
je povećanjem
šumskih
This report
is part
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups in broja
e-Governance’,
požara.
U
nekim
dijelovima
BiH
očekuje
se
povećani
rizik
od
šumskih
požara
izazvanih
povećanjem
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
temperature i promjenama u obrascima padavina, što poziva na proširenje kapaciteta za zaštitu
the
UNDP Country
Office in(vrijeme,
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
and vremenskog
funded by the
od požara.
Svi ovi aspekti
štetočine,
patogeni,
požari) mogu,
tokomNY,
dužeg
UNDP’s
Democratic
Thematic Trust
Fund to
support
the u
South
razdoblja,
dovesti do Governance
smanjenja produktivnosti
i lošijeg
zdravlja
šuma
BiH. Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
3.3.4.2.of the
Socio-ekonomski
utjecaji
klimatskih
na priorities
project are therefore fully
aligned with
the targets ofpromjena
e-SEE Agenda+.
1.2. About this report
sektor šumarstva
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their uexisting
knowledge,
resources.
Iako ne
učestvuje značajnije
društvenom
proizvodu,networks
šumarskaand
i drvna
industrijaEmpowering
predstavlja
važan ekonomski
i, iznad
svega, prirodniand
resurs
Hercegovine.
Učešće
šumarskog
u
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
the Bosne
e-SEEi Secretariat
are
positioned
withinsektora
the Social
ukupnoj
zaposlenosti
veće
je
od
njegovog
učešća
u
BDP-u
(u
RS
6,5%,
a
u
FBiH
4,6%
u
2008).
Iako
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
je učešće šumarstva u BDP-u BiH u 2010. godini iznosilo tek 0,83%, ova privredna djelatnost ima
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
strateški značaj zbog svoje izvozne orijentacije i stvaranja novih radnih mjesta. Šumama upravljaju
in
Newpreduzeća
York is providing
expertise
playing
an kontrolom
advisory role.
Government-appointed
javna
na nivou
entitetaand
koja
su pod
nadležnih
ministarstava i members
entitetskihof
the
Regional e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforcedržave
(REGATA)
as government Focal Points for their
parlamenata.
Šume su pod punom
kontrolom
i nisuact
privatizovane.
respective countries.
85
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Kapaciteti mehaničke i hemijske prerade drveta premašuju domaću tražnju. Šumarstvo se
suočava s različitim problemima: nepostojanje dugoročne strategije i politike razvoja, neefikasna
organizacija, nepostojanje zakona te praksa koja nije usklađena s EU. Globalna situacija na
tržištu drveta i situacija na tržištu BiH prouzrokuju ravnodušnost prema promjenama, prije svega
zbog povećanja ponude i tehničkog napretka koji zajedno doprinose povećanju produktivnosti u
eksploataciji šuma, kao i zbog kontinuiranog smanjenja količine drveta koje se koristi u industriji. To
za posljedicu ima otežanu ekonomsku poziciju šumarstva, koja se ogleda u neadekvatnom uzgoju
i zaštiti, biotičkoj i abiotičkoj ranjivosti, smanjenju šumskog zemljišta, gubicima u biodiverzitetu i
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
slabom pristupu šumama. Sve to ima sinergistički utjecaj na ranjivost šuma i šumskih sistema u
requirements
it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Bosni i Hercegovini.
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
upravljanja
šumama treba
da uključe mjere prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama
disability Modeli
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
s ciljem smanjenja ranjivosti šuma. Sve aktivnosti moraju biti sinhronizovane na državnom
i entitetskom nivou, kao i s općim i sektorskim politikama. Klimatske promjene su praćene
dugoročnim povećanjem prosječne temperature i nižim prosječnim padavinama, što dovodi do
smanjenja stope rasta drveća i niže efikasnosti eksploatacije. Ekstremne klimatske promjene
usporavaju rast
drveća,overcoming
odnosno potrebno
je of
više
vremena
rast prije
To može
e-Accessibility
is about
the range
barriers
thatzapeople
with sječe.
disabilities
and dovesti
others
do
smanjenja
količine
sječenog
drveta,
lošije
socijalno-ekonomske
situacije,
smanjenja
izvoznih
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
aktivnosti i povećanja spoljnotrgovinskog deficita Bosne i Hercegovine. Negativne posljedice
Society.
ekstremnih klimatskih promjena u šumama i šumskim ekosistemima je teže identifikovati. Njihovo
otkrivanje zahtijeva dugoročno istraživanje i praćenje. To je jedini način da se utvrde i identifikuju
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refer toJednako
any type of
used
by citizens,
and involves
everything
kumulativni
efekti temperature
i padavina.
suICT
važne
i lokacije
na kojima
se šume
nalaze,
tj.
geografske
i
klimatske
zone,
te
stepen
variranja
temperature
i
padavina,
jer
ako
se
šume
nalaze
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling
on
u
zonama
s
temperaturom
na
gornjoj
temperaturnoj
granici
za
određene
grupe
drveća,
a
padavine
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
su na donjoj granici, to znači da su moguće prirodne migracije nekih vrsta, što predstavlja vrstu
visual,
hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
prilagođavanja.
similar or higher proportion.
Dakle, nesporno je da produktivnost zavisi ne samo od vrste i lokacije šume, nego i od
temperature
i padavina.
Gornje
temperaturne
graniceagreements,
negativno utiču
na produktivnost,
jer radikalne
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
regulations
and guidelines
cover
temperature ograničavaju rast. Pored toga, tu su i određeni složeni agenti stresa u šumama i
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
šumskim sistemima: insekti, bolesti, odvodnjavanje, neplanirana sječa, požari, utjecaj CO2 itd. Česti
the
relevant
legal
context. produktivnost
No single EU udirective
dedicated itodrvnoprerađivačkoj
e-Accessibility, but
actions are
šumski
požari
smanjuju
sektoruisšumarstva
industriji,
što
spread
across
such as Television Without
Frontiers
(for subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
direktno
utičeareas
na društveno-ekonomsku
situaciju.
Visoke temperature
povećavaju
ranjivost
šuma
nacopyright
šumske požare,
suše iand
poplave,
a to pakFramework
utiče na unutrašnju
i spoljnu
konkurentnost.
Bosna i
(for
exemptions),
the Telecoms
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
Hercegovina
mora
da
sprovede
mjere
kojima
će
se
smanjiti
ranjivost
na
klimatske
promjene,
kao
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
i mjere kojima će se poboljšati socio-ekonomski položaj sektora šumarstva i drvnoprerađivačke
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
industrije. Treba usvojiti odgovarajuće zakone zasnovane na praksi EU zajedno s programom
dugoročnog razvoja šumarstva koji će biti usklađen s Ministarskom konferencijom o zaštiti šuma u
is at To
least
a five-fold
for early
action
in the upravljanje,
area of e-Accessibility:
EvropiThere
(MCPFE).
zahtijeva
boljujustification
inventuru šuma
i baze
podataka,
praćenje i održivo
finansiranje revitalizacije šuma i šumskih ekosistema, pošumljavanje, uzgoj i zaštitu. Poboljšanja
društveno-ekonomske
situacije
mogu
se postići
kroz access
upotrebu
zawho
lov, proizvodnju
1. It is worthwhile
in its own
right
to improve
to šumskih
services resursa
to people
are already
šumskih sporednih proizvoda i turizam, na način koji vrednuje zaštićene ekosisteme.
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase
the disadvantages
certainedukacijom
populationsi face.
Conversely,
effort šuma.
in this
Postoji potreba
za kontinuiranom
podizanjem
javne insufficient
svijesti o značaju
areastanovništva
is likely to further
marginalize
groups.
Migracije
iz regiona
bogatih these
šumom
predstavlja značajan društveni i demografski
problem, jer se primarna raspodjela i dalje vrši nauštrb manje razvijenih lokalnih zajednica s
2. stopom
Improving
access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
visokom
nezaposlenosti.
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
86
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
3.3.5.Biodiverzitet
i osjetljivi ekosistemi
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Jedna od najizraženijih posljedica globalnog zagrijavanja za biodiverzitet sigurno će biti kretanje
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
vodnih resursa i distribucija štetočina i bolesti. Prema scenarijima IPCC mediteranske države, koje već u
e-Services
and
to lower
thećecost.
velikoj mjeri
zavise od
irigacije,
imat
u prosjeku 15 do 25% nižu vlažnost zemljišta tokom ljeta.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
Ukratko, dostupni podaci i istraživanja ukazuju da su klimatske promjene prijetnja za sve
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
tri makroregije u BiH (panonsku, planinsko-kotlinsku i mediteransku). Oblast Dinarida bit će pod
andprijetnjom,
SEE countries.
posebnom
kao veoma važan i bogat centar endemskih vrsta na Balkanu. Ovaj plani­
nski lanac je od izuzetnog biološkog i geomorfološkog značaja. Naročito mogu biti ugrožene rijeke
kraškog područja i ekosistemi koji su na njima razvijeni. Analiza utjecaja klimatskih promjena na
rasprostranjenost subasocijacija dinarske šume bukve i jele u BiH pokazuje da će se površina are­
ala dinarske šume bukve i jele bitno smanjiti.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
3.3.5.1.Utjecaji
na biljne vrste prema klimatskim scenarija
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments
and strategic
level
documents;
Klimatske
promjene
utiču na
fiziologiju
i odnose među biljkama uzrokujući promjene njiho­
vog područja rasprostranjenosti – areala, u smislu povećanja ili smanjenja areala vrste ili zaje­dnice
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
i pomaku areala (horizontalna i vertikalna migracija).
with disabilities;
Značajne
promjene
se očekuju
u rodovima koji
planinska
područja Bosne
3. to assess
the current
level of e-Accessibility
andnastanjuju
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
i Hercegovine, naročito migraciju nekih drvenastih vrsta u smjeru pružanja Dinarida prema
4. to identify good practices in the region;
sjeverozapadu, uz moguće lokalno osiromašenje flore. Može se očekivati smanjenje broja zeljastih
5. ekološke
to develop
a set of
recommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
how to:
vrsta uske
valence
najviših
planinskih područja
koje neće moći
prilagoditi
svoj arealon
dovoljno
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
brzo. U -ovu grupu
spadaju
vrste cirkumpolarnog,
predalpskog i alpskog tipa rasprostranjenja.
Prijetnje-koje ovako
bogatom
biljnom i životinjskom
svijetu
nameće široki spektar različitih ljudskih
comply
with requirements
for the UN
and EU.
aktivnosti su mnogobrojne. Jedna od značajnih posljedica globalnog zagrijavanja po ekosisteme
bit će svakako pomjeranje zaliha vode i distribucije poljoprivrednih štetočina i bolesti. IPCC u svom
scenariju predviđa da će zemlje Mediterana, koje već uvelike zavise od navodnjavanja, imati 15 do
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
25% manje vlažna tla ljeti (IPCC, AR4, 2007).
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP
Country
Office vrsta
in Bosnia
and će
Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
NY, and
funded
by the
Prodor
alohtonih
povećat
se, a agresivnije
iz prirodnih
staništa
mogu
istisnuti
autohtone
vrste. Simulacije
vršeneThematic
pod pretpostavkom
doći dothe
porasta
temperature
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Trust Fundda
toće
support
Southprosječne
Eastern Europe
region
od
2°C
ukazuju
na
značajne
negativne
posljedice
po
ovaj
biom.
Općenito
se
može
smatrati
da
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+,će
the
najviše biti pogođena visokoplaninska područja u Bosni i Hercegovini na nadmorskim visinama oko
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
1.500 m, što odgovara granici subalpskog pojasa.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
U testiranim scenarijima utjecaja klimatskih promjena (A1B scenarij, 2001-2030, A1B sceThe project
being implemented
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE Initiative
narij, 2071-2100.
i A2isscenarij,
2071-2100) naby
biološku
raznolikost posmatrana
je rasprostranjenost
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
vrsta i populacija.
Uspoređujući
sadašnje
stanje
s predviđenim
u 2030.
i 2100.
godini, očekivano
je
da će doći do promjene
kod većine
vrsta.
promjene seare
mogu
očekivatiwithin
tokomthe
sezone
Marginalised
Groups inareala
e-Governance
and
theNajveće
e-SEE Secretariat
positioned
Social
JJA
na
sjeveru
i
u
južnim
dijelovima
(A1B
scenarij,
2001-2030),
kada
se
javljaju
u
vrijednostima
od
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
+1.4°C na sjeveru i +1.1°C u južnim dijelovima, te povećanje padavina od +5 do +15%.
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York
is providing
and playing
an advisory
role.na
Government-appointed
members
Slično
kao i što expertise
je predviđeno
u Hrvatskoj,
površine
kojima je vrsta obilno
prisutnaof
povećavaju
samo za nekeAdvisory
vrste, kao
npr. kopitnjak,
Asarum
L.,Focal
dok npr.
za likovac
the
Regionalsee-Governance
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act aseuropaeum
government
Points
for their
(Daphne
laureola
L.)
stagniraju,
smanjuju
se
za
gorčiku
(Prenanthes
purpurea
L.)
ili
čak
neke
mogu
respective countries.
potpuno nestati. Zavisno od područja, padavine pokazuju i negativne i pozitivne promjene, što će
imati različit utjecaj na biljni svijet.
87
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Trenutno nije moguće precizno predvidjeti uspješnost prilagođavanja na život u novim
staništima, nastalim klimatskim promjenama. Idealni slučaj preživljavanja vrsta uz migracijsko pomje­
ranje samo je ponekad realno moguće zbog izoliranih ekoloških niša, prirodnih i vještačkih barijera.
Antropogeni efekti na prostor, u prvom redu fragmentacija staništa i prekid migracijskih puteva,
povećavaju rizik smanjivanja areala ili nestanka vrsta. Vrste izložene klimatskim promjenama mogu
pokušati migrirati slijedeći svoj životni optimum, prilagoditi se novonastalim uvjetima ili izumrijeti
(lokalno ili šire).
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
na biljne
zajednice
prema
by3.3.5.2.Utjecaji
a description of the major
instruments
and actions
at theklimatskim
European Unionscenarijima
level relating to
disability Na
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
bazi Hopkinsonovog
bioklimatskog
zakona, po kojem porast temperature od 3°C,
a što se naročito odnosi na A2 scenarij, 2071-2100, odgovara visinskom pomaku vegetacije od
500 m nadmorske visine, predviđa se zamjena vegetacije u pretplaninskom području Dinarida
vegetacijom umjerenog klimazonalnog pojasa. Najugroženije će biti cirkumpolarne, predalpske
vrste i vrste alpske rasprostranjenosti. To su zeljaste vrste uske ekološke valence koje neće moći
e-Accessibility
aboutdovoljno
overcoming
range prilagođavanje
of barriers thatmoguće
people je
with
disabilities
others
prilagoditi svojisareal
brzo. the
Uspješno
samo
uz sporuand
promjenu
such
asdo
older
populations
experience
when seeking
to participate
on equal terms
in the
Information
klime
0,1°C/10
god. i apsolutnu
promjenu
klime nižu
od 1°C. Eliminatorni
ekološki
faktor
u višim
područjima vjerovatno će biti temperatura, a u nizinskim kontinentalnim područjima, padavine.
Society.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Uz pomjeranje klimazonalnih vegetacijskih pojaseva može se očekivati nestanak
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
neprilagodljivih ili slabo prilagodljivih vrsta. Dinamika prodora neautohtonih vrsta može se povećati,
from
websites mogu
for e-government
services,
toiztelephony
blind people
to subtitling
on
a agresivnije
istisnuti autohtone
vrste
prirodnih support
staništa.for
Naročito
ugrožena
bit će bogata
television.
Upflora
to 15(paleoendemi,
percent of theneoendemi),
population across
the European
Union
hasnaročito
a disability,
suchsuassea
endemična
te tercijarni
i glacijalni
relikti,
oni koji
zadržali
u
refugiima
zbog
slabe
mogućnosti
migracije
s
obzirom
na
malu
rasprostranjenost.
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
Očekuje se da će populacije mnogih vrsta, posebno na rubnim dijelovima areala, biti izložene
fragmentaciji na manje subpopulacije. Populacije koje posjeduju velike i brojne subpopulacije i
perhaps surprising
number
ofće
international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
sporu Amigracijsku
sposobnost
izgubit
najmanje genetske
raznovrsnosti,
i obratno.
Vrste koje
se
this
the genetski
highest international
level, the promjenama
UNCRPD, ratified
ne area.
uspijuAtbrzo
prilagoditi klimatskim
nestatand
će.coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
3.3.5.3.Utjecaji
na the
vodna
staništa
prema
klimatskm
scenarijima
(for
copyright exemptions), and
Telecoms
Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Pomjeranje zona u planinskim područjima smanjit će direktno područja pod snježnim
Furthermore,
to strengthen
these
and toteenact
more ilegislation.
pokrivačem imoves
samimare
timafoot
količinu
vode vezane
u snijeg,
će utjecati
na količinu vode koja iz ovih
izvora u proljeće otapanjem dopire do riječnih i drugih tokova. Vodena i močvarna staništa posebno
su značajna
naatnacionalnom
i međunarodnom
Obezbjeđuju
i/ili učestvuju
u nizu kritičnih
There is
least a five-fold
justification fornivou.
early action
in the area
of e-Accessibility:
ekoloških funkcija, kao što su regulacija vodnog režima i stvaranje okruženja za niz stenovalentnih
biljnih i životinjskih vrsta. Tipovi vodenih i močvarnih staništa bit će osjetljivi na promjene u količini
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
i raspodjeli padavina i vodni režim sa sekundarnim efektima na vezane vrste. Mogu se očekivati
marginalized.
helps fulfilvodostaja,
the promise
of the Information
to reduce
than
promjene
u godišnjimItritmovima
te kvalitetu
vode. Ovo ćeSociety
vjerovatno
utjecatirather
na kvalitet
increase
the disadvantages
certainilipopulations
Conversely,
insufficient
effort in this
podzemnih
i nadzemnih
voda, te direktno
indirektno iface.
na sastav
pripadnih
biocenoza.
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
3.3.5.4.
Utjecaji na faunu prema klimatskm scenarijima
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their
remit
in a cost
effective manner.
Procesi
vezani
za promjene
klime direktno su vezani za promjene ekoloških uvjeta na
staništima,
gdje su naročito
pod utjecajem
ekosistemi,
kojitosuimproved
značajnoaccess
pogođeni.
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for the visokoplaninski
marginalized could
also lead
for
2
88
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; it klimatskih
can reduceuvjeta
the cost
of se
webnestanak
service development,
and enhance
the
Kao posljedica
promijenjenih
javlja
ugroženih, rijetkih
ili ranjivih
organizama,
gubitak
endemičnog
genofonda,
kao
i
gubitak
biodiverziteta
na
genetskom,
specijskom
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
i ekosistemskom nivou. Praćenje posljedica klimatskih promjena po prirodu i biodiverzitet vrši se
The earlier action
is taken,
the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
pomoću4.
bioindikatora
za klimatske
promjene.
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Odrasle životinje, naročito viših taksonomskih grupa, mogu fiziološkim mehanizmima
Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
and recommendations
assist in the
ublažiti 5.
utjecaj
globalnog
zagrijavanja
(ponašanje,
termoregulacija,
hipotermija, will
temperaturna
aspects of znatno
the development
the Information
Society
in the EU
convergence
different
kompenzacija
i dr.). of
Iako
ovi mehanizmi
povećavajuof otpornost,
ne mogu
eliminirati
sekundarne
efekte
na
animalnu
biologiju,
naročito
mehanizme
vezane
uz
razmnožavanje.
U
and SEE countries.
ekološkom pogledu, globalno zagrijavanje može imati za posljedicu smanjenje broja vrsta faune
u prirodnim staništima, te njihov utjecaj na prostorni i vremenski razmještaj. Uočeno je, npr.,
kako pojedine vrste leptira mijenjaju areal i kod promjena temperature sredine < 1°C. Naročito
se može očekivati utjecaj na dnevne, sezonske i godišnje ritmove, aktivnost, te migracije posebno
insekata, te na osjetljivu interakciju insekt-biljka. U grupi nematoda uočeno je da različite vrste
The
specific goals
this report
are: te da se može očekivati i smanjenje i povećanje broja vrsta,
na zagrijavanje
tla of
reagiraju
raznoliko,
zavisno od grupe. Za razumijevanje veze populacione biologije kičmenjaka i klimatologije, još uvijek
je nedovoljno
podataka.
se da će ptice
morskih
obalnih staništa
osjetiti više
negativnih
učinaka
1. to outline
theČini
international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
od ostalog dijela ornitofaune.
instruments and strategic level documents;
1.2. About this report
Klimatske
promjene
u BiHpicture
utjecatofće
na različite for
grupe
životinja.people
Vjerovatno
pod
2. to develop
a comparative
e-Accessibility
able-bodied
versusćepeople
utjecajem
najviše
biti endemična fauna kraških područja. Uz pomicanje klimatskih zona može se
with
disabilities;
očekivati poremećaj nepoznatih fizioloških i ekoloških uvjeta neophodnih za preživljavanje pojedinih
stenoendemičnih
rodova
kraškihlevel
i primorskih
guštera. Posebno
je osjetljivostakeholders;
močvarno područje u
3. to assess
the current
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
zoni parka
blato kojeinsethe
nalazi
u submediteranskom pojasu i svrstano je u grupu
4. toprirode
identifyHutovo
good practices
region;
močvara od međunarodnog značaja, prema smjernicama Ramsarske konvencije. Promjena klime
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
poremetit će vremenski raspored migracija i dostupnost izvora hrane. Gubitak močvarnog područja
address
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
kao što -je Hutovo
blatothe
moglo
bi dovesti
do nestanka populacija ptica i kornjača koje močvare
comply
with
requirements
for
thesamo
UN and
EU. migracija.
nastanjuju tokom cijele godine ili su tu prisutne
u doba
Promjena klime i pomjeranje vegetacije mogu također značajno poremetiti buduću di­stri­
buciju životinja,
njihovu
brojnost
i opstanak.
Brzina
promjena,
posebno u kombinaciji
s prisu­stvom
This report
is part
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance’,
vještačkih
urbanih
i
poljoprivrednih
barijera,
može
utjecati
na
sposobnost
brojnih
vrsta
da
se preseleby
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed
u zone koje im klimatski i ekološki znatno više odgovaraju. Ugrožene ili rijetke vrste bit će posebno
the
UNDPnaCountry
Office in aBosnia
andako
Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
and funded
by the
osjetljive
brze promjene,
posebno
njihova distribucija
bude
prostornoNY,
ograničena
a širina
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund značajnu
to supportprijetnju
the South
Eastern
Europe region
njihove niše
sužena. Promjena
klime
stoga predstavlja
biološkoj
raznovrsnosti.
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
godina
je zabilježen
pomakdevelopment,
u razdoblju mriještenja
slatkovodnih
riba od –0,11
regionalPrethodnih
action plan
for Information
Society
and the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
do +0,34 dana/god. Vrijeme povratka ptica selica sa zimovališta događa se ranije za 31% vrsta.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Slične promjene događaju se i u BiH. Kao i kod biljnih vrsta, populacije mnogih životinjskih vrsta,
posebno na rubnim dijelovima areala, bit će izložene fragmentaciji na manje subpopulacije. Tom
project
is će
being
implemented
by the velike
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
prilikomThe
desit
će se da
populacije
koje posjeduju
i brojne subpopulacije
i sporu
migracijsku
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
existing
knowledge,i networks
and koje
resources.
Empowering
sposobnost izgubiti
najmanje
genetske
raznovrsnosti,
obratno. Vrste
se ne uspiju
brzo
genetski prilagoditi
klimatskim
promjenama
izumrijet
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the
e-SEE će.
Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Neminovno je da će se dio beskičmenjaka široke rasprostranjenosti prilagoditi promjenama
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
kroz migracione procese. Povećanje temperature poremetit će razvojne cikluse vrsta prilagođenih
in
New York
is providing
playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members of
hladnijim
uvjetima
(npr. expertise
planinskiand
masivi).
Prednost
kičmenjaka
je što imaju dobre migracijske
the
Regional(iako
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA) iact
as government
Focal
for their
sposobnosti
lokalno mogu
biti usko
rasprostranjeni)
pomiču
svoj areal brže
odPoints
vegetacijskih
jedinica. Fauna
intersticija uskog obalnog područja (zavisno od lokalnih topografskih obilježja)
respective
countries.
može biti direktno izložena salinizaciji kao posljedici podizanja nivoa mora. Neposredno, a kao
89
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
posljedica sudjelovanja pojedinih mikroorganizama i organizama u složenim ekološkim lancima,
ukupni efekt na biodiverzitet bit će negativan.
1.
NATIONAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
3.3.5.5.Utjecaji
na faunu
kraških prostora prema klimatskim
scenarija
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Kraška područja predstavljaju jedinstvene fenomene koji ukazuju na specifične obrasce
requirements
it sets
in all
aspects ofmreže,
e-Accessibility
and
how it is to
be implemented.
This is jedne
followed
razvoja Zemljine
kore,
hidrološke
te biološke
i ekološke
raznovrsnosti.
Remećenje
od
bynjih
a description
of na
theostatak
majorsistema
instruments
and
actions iat
the
European
Union
relating to
ima posljedice
(Watson
et al.,1997)
kao
posljedica
toga
kraškilevel
geo-ekosistemi
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
su jako krhka
područja
koja prolaze kroz
progresivnu degradaciju izazvanu ljudskim aktivnostima u
mnogim dijelovima naše planete (Parise et al., 2009). Upravljanje kraškim terenima je veoma teško,
posebno zbog suočavanja s ogromnom urbanizacijom i napretka poljoprivredne tehnologije.
1.1. Kraška
Whypoljae-Accessibility?
predstavljaju ekološki najinteresantnije fenomene u oblasti krša, za koja
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
range of barriers
that
people with
disabilities
and
others
je karakteristično
postojanje
mrežethe
podzemnih
tokova, te
poniranje
površinskih
rijeka
i njihovo
ponovno
pojavljivanje
na
drugim
područjima.
Također,
posebna
karakteristika
je
pojava
povremenih
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
tokova, koji postoje u određenom dijelu godine, a zatim nestaju. Ova područja predstavljaju staništa
Society.
brojnih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta, od kojih su mnoge endemične i karakteristične samo za ova
područja, a istovremeno neke imaju i veoma uzak areal rasprostranjenja, odnosno susreću se
can potentially
referpodručja.
to any type
ICT used by
citizens,
involves everything
samo e-Accessibility
u nekim dijelovima
ovih kraških
Odofposebnog
interesa
suand
endemične
vrste riba
from
websites
forjee-government
services,
todio
telephony
support ufor
blind people
to subtitling
gaovice,
za koje
karakteristično
da jedan
godine provode
podzemnim
vodama,
a onda,on
s
pojavom većih
vode,
na površinu.
television.
Up to količina
15 percent
of izlaze
the population
across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Prema ranije korištenoj sistematici radi se o vrstama: gatačka gaovica (Paraphoxinus
similar or higher proportion.
metohiensis, Steindachner, 1901), trebinjska gaovica (Paraphoxinus pstrossi Steindachner, 1882)
i popovska gaovica (Paraphoxinus ghetaldii Steindachner, 1882), koje su zatim svrstane u rod
A perhaps
number
of international
agreements,(Steindachner,
regulations and
guidelines
cover
Phoxinellus,
te susurprising
nosile naučne
nazive
Phoxynellus metohiensis
1901),
Phoxynellus
pstrossi
1882), Phoxynellus
(Steindachner,
1882).
this
area. (Steindachner,
At the highest international
level, ghetaldii
the UNCRPD,
ratified and
coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Prije izgradnje
akumulacija
i sistema
kanala
i tunela,
gaovice
su najveći
godine provodile
spread across
areas such
as Television
Without
Frontiers
(for
subtitling),
the dio
Copyright
Directive
u podzemnim vodama. U površinskim vodama pojavljivale su se u proljeće, u razdoblju plavljenja
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
polja istočne Hercegovine podzemnim vodama. Kao i ostale vrste koje nastanjuju kraške vode
isi also
by policy,
andgaovice
guidelines
and benchmarking
exist for programmatic
support.
imajucovered
sličan životni
ciklus,
se odlikuju
specifičnim kompleksom
fizioloških adaptivnih
Furthermore,
afoot to strengthen
these
and to enact
more
legislation.
mehanizamamoves
koji imare
omogućavaju
takav način
preživljavanja
(Ivanc
i sar.
1989; Lučić, 2009).
Potrebno
istaći
da klimatske
promjene
kroz promjenu
temperature
i hidrološkog režima
There
is at je
least
a five-fold
justification
for early
action in the
area of e-Accessibility:
predstavljaju također jedan od vidova pritisaka kojem je izložena fauna ovakvih područja. Pošto je životni
ciklus ovih vrsta povezan s vremenom pojavljivanja poplava u ovim područjima, svaka pomjeranja takvih
1. Ituzrokovat
is worthwhile
in its own
right
to improve
access
to services
to people
are already
dešavanja
će i promjene
kod
gaovica.
Pri tome
je potrebno
naglasiti
da se owho
razmnožavanju,
helpsi dalje
fulfil nedovoljno
the promise
of Usporedo
the Information
Societypromjenama
to reduce rather
than
biologijimarginalized.
i ekologiji ovihItvrsta
zna.
s klimatskim
i promjene
hidrološkog
režima
do poremećaja,
jer svaka promjena
uobičajenih
tokova variranja
increase
the dovode
disadvantages
certain populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort inmože
this
dovestiarea
do poremećaja
koji
u
značajnoj
mjeri
mogu
utjecati
na
populacije
pojedinih
vrsta.
is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2.Pored
Improving
access vrsta
to services,
public and
private,
to such
a significant
proportion
of the
endemičnih
riba močvarni
predjeli
kraških
područja
predstavljaju
i staništa
mnogihpopulation
vrsta ptica,
a istovremeno
predstavljaju iopportunities,
koridore migracijskih
vrstapublic
ptica services
pri njihovom
opens
significant market/sales
and can help
fulfil
sezonskom
kretanju.
U
ovim
područjima
konstatirane
su
i
globalno
ugrožene
vrste
ptica,
kao
što
their remit in a cost effective manner.
su: Anthya nyroca, Aquila pomarina, Falco neumanni, Crex crex (IUCN Redlist), te njihovi ugroženi
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for Bird
the marginalized
could
also
lead
to improved
for
srodnici.
Medu vrstama
koje EU Wild
Directive navodi
kao
vrste
koje
trebaju bitiaccess
predmet
2
90
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it cani reduce
cost of za
webnjihov
service
development,
and enhance
the
specijalne
zaštite koja
uključuje
staništathe
značajna
opstanak
i reprodukciju,
a koje
stanište prospects
nalaze nafor
ovom
prostoru,
su:
Gavia
artica,
Ixobrychus
minutes,
Nycticorax
nycticorax,
migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Ardeola ralloides, Egretta alba, Egretta garzetta, Ardea purpurea, Platalea leucorodia, Plegadis
4. The
earlierciconia
action (Bosna
is taken,i the
easier it is Zemlja
to integrate
e-Accessibility
into karakteristiku
development of
falcinellus,
Ciconia
Hercegovina,
raznolikosti).
Posebnu
kraških e-Services
predjela saand
stanovišta
čine i predstavnici koji žive u pećinama i špiljama kojih na
to lowerfaune
the cost.
ovom području, zbog konfiguracije terena, ima u velikom broju.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
3.3.5.6.Utjecaji
na zaštićena područja prema klimatskim
scenarija
1.2.Primjena
About
this report
u arealu pojedinih vrsta i zajednica imat će utjecaja na prostore pod zaštitom.
Ovo može dovesti do potrebe za izmjenom granica nacionalnih parkova: NP ‹›Tjentište›› (Foča),
The
specific goals
of thisureport
are: Srpskoj i NP ‹›Una›› (Bihać) u Federaciji BiH. “Olakšavajuća
NP ‹›Kozara››
(Prijedor)
Republici
okolnost” može biti da granice ovih parkova nisu do danas postavljene precizno, a nisu postavljene
ni u skladu
biološkim
No, context
kako se regarding
radi o dugoročnim
procesima
i mogućnosti
se
1. tos outline
thekriterijima.
international
e-Accessibility
including
existingdalegal
isprave ovi nedostaci, i potencijalna potreba da se uvaže utjecaji promjene klime može utjecati da
instruments and strategic level documents;
se promijene granice . ‹›Otežavajuća je okolnost›› što je do sada tek oko 2% teritorije BiH svrstano
u neku od
kategorija
područja.
2. to
develop zaštićenih
a comparative
picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Na posebnom udaru naći će se rijeke dinarskog sliva, naročito Neretva i Trebišnjica.
to assess
thejecurrent
levelbioloških
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
Područje3.rijeke
Neretve
zbog svojih
karakteristika
zaštićeno i uvršteno
u spisak vrijednih
močvarnih
staništa
konvenciji
4. to
identifyprema
good RAMSAR-skoj
practices in the
region; (Hutovo blato), jer su mogući negativni trendovi
izrazito nepovoljni.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
-
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
3.3.5.7.Utjecaji klimatskih promjena na obalske ekosisteme
Uz utjecaj promjena u režimu temperatura i padavina, na biodiverzitet obalskih ekosistema
This
report
is partćeofi apromjena
larger project,
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
jadranske obale
djelovat
u nivou‘Empowering
mora. Za područje
Mediterana
je predviđen
porast
that
beingod
implemented
the context
of the e-SEE
Initiative.
is aizložene
regionalovom
project
designedsuby
nivoaismora
34 do 52 cm.inStaništa
i biocenoze
koje će
direktnoIt biti
djelovanju
niska
obalska
područja,
npr.
slaništa i estuari.
Moguby
seDG/BDP
očekivatiNY,
promjene
u fizičkim,
the
UNDP
Country
Office
in obalski
Bosnia pijesci,
and Herzegovina,
supported
and funded
by the
hidrodinamičkim,
biološkim
i hemijskim
pratećim
i kvantitativnim
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Thematicparametrima
Trust Fund tos support
thekvalitativnim
South Eastern
Europe region
promjenama u sastavu biocenoza. Ozbiljne posljedice po biocenoze slatkih voda može uzrokovati
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
zagrijavanje površinskog vodenog sloja i dublji prodor boćate vode u estuare. Može se očekivati
regional
action
plan forpojedinih
Information
Society
development,
and the UNCRPD.
The
programmatic
oštećivanje
ili nestanak
vrijednih
obalskih
staništa erozivnim
procesima.
Smjer
promjena
priorities
ofpojedine
the project
are therefore
fullyjealigned
with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
i utjecaj na
taksonomske
grupe
teško predvidljiv.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
3.3.6.1. Prostorno i urbanističko planiranje
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York
is providing
expertise andsistema
playing an
advisory
role.
Government-appointed
Razvoj
urbanih i peri-urbanih
zahtijeva
veći
slobodni
prostor i sve većumembers
potrošnjuof
mineralnih
fosilnih goriva.Advisory
Na taj način,
urbanizacija
i, act
u sklopu
nje, industrijalizacija
the
Regionali e-Governance
Taskforce
(REGATA)
as government
Focal Pointspostaju
for their
aktivni
faktori
životne
sredine.
Promjene
u
strukturi
i
načinu
korištenja
prostora
postaju
sve
respective countries.
značajniji faktor u promjeni atmosfere i urbane klime, koji u većoj ili manjoj mjeri utiče na opće
globalne klimatske promjene. Konkretno, povećanje temperature prizemnog vazduha izaziva
3.3.6. Regionalni razvoj
91
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
promjene klime i ekoloških uslova života. Povećanje obima proizvodnje u pojedinim aktivnostima
hemijske i mašinske industrije narušava strukturu i funkciju ozonskog omotača i doprinosi
jačem efektu direktnog sunčevog zračenja s različitim posljedicama po živi svet, ali i na tok
klimatskih promjena. Urbani sustavi, različite morfologije, strukture, funkcije, veličine itd.
predstavljaju važne faktore u klimatskim promjenama, kako na lokalnom tako i na globalnom
nivou. Stoga, sustavi planiranja, naročito urbanog planiranja, kao i zone posebnih namjena u
vidu odgovarajućih planskih dokumenata, imaju veću ulogu u sprečavanju klimatskih promjena
i prilagođavanju
na njih.
This
section presents
an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
3.3.6.2.Ruralno planiranje
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Posmatrano kao faktor prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama, ruralno planiranje je od
neprocjenjive važnosti. Ono obuhvata korištenje zemljišta, vodnih resursa, šuma i šumskih potencijala,
razvoj pojedinih privrednih djelatnosti koje imaju neposredan utjecaj na životnu sredinu i klimu, kao što su
turizam, agrobiznis, prerada drveta, korištenje minerala i drugih sirovina, kao i razvoj saobraćajnih sustava.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older
populations
experience
when seeking
participate
on equal
the Information
Destruktivne
snage
u oblasti ruralnog
razvojato
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
su,terms
više ili in
manje,
neminovna
Society.
pojava u svim društvenim sustavima i ukazuju na nedosljednosti između općeg, regionalnog i lokalnog
razvoja, kao i nedosljednosti između općeg i sektorskog razvoja. Uprkos takvim preduslovima, ruralni
razvoj e-Accessibility
je opstao i ostao
faktorrefer
održivog
Zatoused
ruralno
planiranje
ruralni razvoj
(kao
canključni
potentially
to anyrazvoja.
type of ICT
by citizens,
andi involves
everything
ključni segment zaštiteokoliša) danas imaju sve veći naučni, politički i praktični značaj.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.UUp
toprevazilaženja
15 percent of problemā
the population
the
Europeanrazlika,
Union has
a disability,
as a
cilju
općegacross
razvoja,
regionalnih
zastoja
u razvojusuch
ruralnih
visual,
hearing,
speech, ruralnih
cognitive,
or motor
and SEE
countries
canunija,
expect
to have a
područja,
revitalizacije
područja
itd,impairment,
razvijene zemlje,
naročito
Evropska
uspostavile
su
koncept
integralnog
ruralnog
razvoja
(IRD).
Ovaj
koncept
podrazumijeva
"sve
oblike
ljudske
similar or higher proportion.
djelatnosti zasnovane na lokalnim resursima, u cilju ekonomskog jačanja ruralnih ekonomija,
integralne zaštite svih elemenata prostora, te integracije razvojnih i zaštitnih ciljeva u funkciji
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
dugoročnog održivog razvoja“.
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant
legal model
context.
No single
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions koji
are
Evropski
ruralnog
planiranja,
integralnog
ruralnog
razvoja i ruralnebut
održivosti,
je
prihvatljiv
za
RS
i
FBiH,
definiše
odgovoran
pristup
vrednovanju
razvojnih
potencijala
u
ruralnim
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
sredinama.
krajnjiand
cilj je
očuvanje
okoliša
i uspostavljanje
održivog
razvoja i održivih
funkcija
(for
copyright Njegov
exemptions),
the
Telecoms
Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
s ciljem zadovoljenja potreba ove i budućih generacija.
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore,
moves
are razvoj
afoot to
strengthen
these
and to enact moreStoga,
legislation.
Održivi
ruralni
direktno
zavisi
od očuvanjaokoliša.
on uključuje ekologiju
voda, vazduha i zemljišta, te status biodiverziteta kao ključne pokazatelje očuvanja, mogućeg
vrednovanja
i neophodnih
zaštitnih
mjera. Zakoni
i propisi
o in
zaštitiokoliša,
na primjer, propisuju
There is
at least a five-fold
justification
for early
action
the area of e-Accessibility:
proceduru za procjenu utjecaja na okoliš. Na taj način, zakoni imaju ulogu stimulativnog faktora u
ruralnom razvoju, tj. održivi ruralni razvoj predstavlja ključni preduslov za održiv okoliš i sprečavanje
1. It is
worthwhile
in its own
rightiztozakona
improve
services to
who are
klimatskih
promjena.
Pojedina
pitanja
o access
okolišu to
prenesena
supeople
na općine,
kaoalready
što su
It helps
fulfil izdavanje
the promise
of the Information
izrada marginalized.
ekoloških akcionih
planova,
ekoloških
dozvola itd. Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Prednost
modela
ruralnog
planiranja
koji
se bazira na integralnom ruralnom razvoju i
area
is likely
to further
marginalize
these
groups.
modelu održivosti jeste u tome što on podržava i klasičnu poljoprivredu i komplementarne aktivnosti
Improving access
public
and private,
to such
a significant
proportion
of the
"u i oko2.poljoprivrede“,
čimeto
seservices,
omogućava
adaptivni
i preventivni
pristup
klimatskim
promjenama.
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Pri ruralnom
their
remit in aekonomskom
cost effectiveplaniranju,
manner. koje predstavlja ključni element ruralnog planiranja
i integralnog ruralnog razvoja, prioritet treba dati razvojnoj politici usmjerenoj na prirodne resurse:
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for
the marginalized
could
also leadvode),
to improved
for
poljoprivredno
zemljište,
vodni resursi
(rijeke,
jezera, termalne
i mineralne
zaštićenaaccess
područja,
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
2
92
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
it can reduce
the cost
of web
service development,
andmogu
enhance
the
pejzažneable-bodied
vrijednosti, people;
eko-klimatske
vrijednosti,
biogene
vrijednosti
itd. Ovi resursi
da se
koriste kao
osnova
za
poljoprivredu
usmjerenu
na
proizvodnju
bezbjedne,
zdrave
hrane;
šumarstvo
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
usmjereno na uzgoj šuma i preradu drveta, prikupljanje i obradu šumskog voća, ljekovitog bilja itd;
The earlier
actiondaisobezbijedi
taken, theposebne
easier it mogućnosti
is to integrate
into development
i seoski 4.
turizam,
koji može
zae-Accessibility
poboljšanje integralnog
ruralnogof
razvoja. e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
3.4.Pregled sposobnosti prilagođavanja
klimatskim promjenama
1.2. About this report
Poglavlje koje slijedi bavi se sposobnostima prilagođavanja u pet oblasti (prilagođeno iz
Smit 2006. i CARE 2013.): informacije, vještine i menadžment, ekonomski resursi, fizički kapaciteti,
The
specificigoals
of U
this
report
i institucije
mreže.
njemu
seare:
daje sažeti prikaz općeg političkog i administrativnog okvira za
prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama i finansijskog okruženja za investiranje u projekte koji
direktno1.ili to
indirektno
podržavaju
prilagođavanje,
a zatim se razmatraju
sposobnosti
prilagođavanja
outline the
international
context regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing legal
po sektorima.
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3.4.1.Opći okvir politika i politike prilagođavanja
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
klimatskim promjenama
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to
develop a set
of recommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
howza
to:
Na
regionalnom
nivou,
Bosna i Hercegovina
je podržala izradu
Okvirnog
akcionogon
plana
prilagođavanje
klimatskim
jugoistočnoj Evropi (SEE/CCFAP-A) pod pokroviteljstvom
address
thepromjenama
obstacles to ue-Accessibility;
Beogradske inicijative o klimatskim promjenama (SEE, 2007). Ovaj opći politički okvir i druge
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
relevantne aktivnosti detaljno su opisani u Poglavlju 5.5 o međunarodnoj saradnji ovog izvještaja.
Prilikom realizacije ovog okvira za prilagođavanje potrebno je razviti sustav indikatora koji je
kompatibilan sa standardima EU, a koji će odgovarati specifičnim potrebama Bosne i Hercegovine.
This
reportklimatskih
is part of apromjena
larger project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
in e-Governance’,
Praćenje
utjecaja
zahtijevaće
izgradnju
kapaciteta Groups
za upravljanje
razvojem
that
implemented
the contextpotrebama.
of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
koje is
je being
orijentisano
ka oviminspecifičnim
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
državnomGovernance
nivou izrađen
je nacrt
Strategije
na klimatske
promjene
i
UNDP’sNa
Democratic
Thematic
Trust
Fund toprilagođavanja
support the South
Eastern Europe
region
niskoemisionog razvoja za Bosnu i Hercegovinu. U ovoj strategiji identifikovane su oblasti koje je
in
the implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority Area
of the
e-SEE Agenda+, the
potrebno
ojačati u aktuelnom
političkom
okviru kako
bi se podržalo
efikasno
prilagođavanje.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
3.4.2.Ekonomski
podsticaji
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat,
on their
existingpromjenama
knowledge, networks
resources.
Mjerecapitalizing
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
nemoguće and
je postići
bez Empowering
adekvatnih
Marginalised
Groups
in
e-Governance
and
the
e-SEE
Secretariat
are
positioned
within
thenivou.
Social
ekonomskih instrumenata. Najvažniji instrumenti i mjere su oni na državnom i entitetskom
Zakonom o Fondu za zaštitu
životneSector.
sredineThe
RSUNDP
(2002.)Country
i Zakonom
o Fondu
za zaštitu
okoliša closely
FBiH
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Office
in Sarajevo
is working
(2003.)
osnovani
su
fondovi
za
prikupljanje
i
raspodjelu
sredstava
za
zaštitu
okoliša,
ali
to
još
uvijek
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
nije donijelo očekivane efekte. Novi Zakon o Fondu za zaštitu životne sredine i energetsku efikasnost
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
usvojen je u novembru 2011. u RS. Njime je definisan novi raspored za raspodjelu sredstava za
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforceje(REGATA)
as government
Focal Points
their
projekte
energetske
efikasnosti
i promijenjeno
ime fonda.act
Izmjene
zakona o fondovima
za for
zaštitu
respective
countries.
okoliša u FBiH
i Distriktu Brčko su u pripremi.
93
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Uprkos međunarodnim obavezama BiH, aktivnosti u oblastima ublažavanja klimatskih promjena i energetske efikasnosti daleko su od zadovoljavajućih. Sadašnje razdoblje ekonomskog razvoja
obilježeno je smanjenom proizvodnjom u poljoprivredi, industriji i energetskom sektoru zbog poslijeratnog oporavka, strukturalnih pitanja naslijeđenih iz planske ekonomije iz 1980-ih, i utjecaja svjetske
ekonomske krize. Kao rezultat toga, utjecaji na okoliš svedeni su na minimum. Međutim, budući razvoj
BiH pretpostavlja oporavak i brži rast u tri pomenuta sektora, što će proizvesti veće izazove za održivost.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
U ovom trenutku moguće je pristupiti sredstvima za finansiranje projekata energetske
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
efikasnosti i obnovljivih izvora energije na Zapadnom Balkanu. Pored toga, ne treba potcjenjivati sredstva
requirements
it sets inzato
all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how it is to
be implemented.
This isČini
followed
privatnih investitora,
što oni često
tragaju za mogućnostima
investiranja
u ovaj sektor.
se da
bybiasedescription
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
kombinacijom sredstava iz javnog i privatnog kapitala mogla riješiti razna pitanja prilagođavanja
klimatskim
promjenama
u Bosni i Hercegovini.
To bi mogao biti jedan od osnovnih zadataka kako insti­
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
tucija tako i donosioca odluka. Pošto još uvijek nema odgovarajućih strateških projekata, potrebno je
unaprijed napraviti određene korake i kontinuirano izdvajati sredstva za: promociju projekata, izradu
tehničkih uputstava, izradu dokumentacije u vezi s izvršenjem obaveza (due diligence), konkurisanje
za sredstva (krediti ili fondovi), afirmaciju i druge vrste podsticaja. Na kraju, može se zaključiti da je
finansiranje ključno
za planiranje
i sprovođenje
za klimatske
promjene.
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
the rangeplanova
of barriers
that people
with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Kao što je slučaj i s drugim zemljama u razvoju, BiH je već pogođena klimatskim
Society.
promjenama, ali ne raspolaže neophodnim ljudskim i finansijskim resursima za prilagođavanje.
Stoga se Bosna i Hercegovina obraća Evropskoj uniji, koja se zalaže za jačanje dijaloga o klimatskim
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refer
to any type of kandidatima
ICT used by citizens,
involves
promjenama
sa zemljama
kandidatima
i potencijalnim
(trenutniand
status
BiH).everything
Međutim,
to
takođe
predstavlja
generalnu
poruku
svih
strategija
koje
se
bave
pitanjima
proširenja,
pa otuda
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling
on
ne
iznenađuje
da
su
u
nekoliko
ključnih
zajedničkih
politika
EU
i
budžeta
EU
i
država
članica
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
predviđena značajna sredstva za održivi razvoj (uključujući i direktne i indirektne investicije u
visual,
speech,klimatskih
cognitive,promjena).
or motor impairment,
and SEEpokazuju
countries
expect promjene
to have a
mjerehearing,
za ublažavanje
Naučna istraživanja
dacan
klimatske
similar
higher utjecati
proportion.
mogu or
značajno
na vodne resurse, poljoprivredu, šume i šumske ekosisteme, stanje obala,
turizam, energetiku, korištenje zemljišta i objekte, stanje saobraćajne infrastrukture, prirodne
ekosisteme,
zdravlje
ljudi, socio-ekonomski
status i demografske
u zemljama
Jugoistočne
A perhaps
surprising
number of international
agreements,trendove
regulations
and guidelines
cover
Evrope. Potencijalni izvori finansiranja za prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama uključuju
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Globalni fond za okoliš (Global Environmental Facility), Fond za prilagođavanje, Posebni fond za
the
relevantpromjene
legal context.
single
EU directive
dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions
klimatske
i fondNo
"Green
Climate“.
Ostaliisdonatori
su Svjetska
banka, Evropska
bankaare
za
spread
such
as Television
Without
Frontierspretpristupne
(for subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
obnovuacross
i razvojareas
(EBRD)
i FAO,
Evropska unija
(uključujući
instrumente,
Sedmi
okvirni
program
EUexemptions),
– FP7 i sredstva
EIB),
Program
tehničke (for
saradnje
WMO,
Jugoistočnae-Accessibility
Inicijativa za
(for
copyright
and the
Telecoms
Framework
assistive
technologies).
pomoć
u
katastrofama
i
adaptaciju
koji
vodi
Svjetska
banka,
te
bilateralni
donatori
(Velika
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic Britanija,
support.
Španija, Švicarska, Švedska, i drugi). Postoje i potencijalna finansijska sredstva za prilagođavanje
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
klimatskim promjenama iz privatnih fondova i investitora, a takođe bi bilo moguće privući sredstva
kroz postojeći Multilateralni sporazum o okolišu (MEA) koji bi mogao da obezbijedi sinergije s
There
is at least a five-fold
justification
for early
action inotheokolišu
area ofuključuju
e-Accessibility:
mjerama
prilagođavanja.
Relevantni
Multilateralni
sporazumi
Konvenciju o
biološkoj raznovrsnosti, Konvenciju Ujedinjenih nacija o borbi protiv dezertifikacije i Ramsarsku
konvencija
U drugim
sposobnosti
prilagođavanja
mogu who
se povećati
kroz
1. It o
ismočvarama.
worthwhile in
its own slučajevima,
right to improve
access to
services to people
are already
tehničku pomoć koja stavlja naglasak na obrazovanje i saradnju u oblasti klimatskih promjena.
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
3.4.3. Teškoće i rizici u sprovođenju predloženih mjera
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
prilagođavanja
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their
remit in a cost
effective manner.
U sprovođenju
predloženih
mjera postoje mnogobrojni rizici, a biće potrebno prevazići
i mnoge teškoće. Najznačajnija prepreka je nedostatak finansijskih sredstava potrebnih za
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
94
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; it can Neke
reduceodthe
cost of web
service
development,
and enhance
the
sprovođenje
mjera prilagođavanja.
predloženih
mjera
pretpostavljaju
primjenu
različitih
vrsta istraživanja
i
razvoj
sustava
za
praćenje
klimatskih
promjena,
a
za
sve
to
će
biti
potrebna
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
finansijska sredstva. Dakle, obezbjeđivanje finansijskih sredstava predstavlja ključni prvi korak u
4. The earlier
taken, the
easierseit od
is to
integrate e-Accessibility
into development
implementaciji.
Drugaaction
grupaisprepreka
sastoji
nedostatka
istraživačkih kapaciteta
u oblastiof
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
promjenama,
e-Services
and to lower
the cost.nedovoljnih istraživanja o utjecajima klimatskih promjena
i nejasno definiranih uloga različitih aktera. Istovremeno, neophodno je raditi na promoviranju
Pursuingpromjena
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
and recommendations will assist in the
značaja 5.
klimatskih
i jačanju
postojećih
kapaciteta.
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
3.4.4. Procjena sposobnosti prilagođavanja po sektorima
1.2.
About this report
3.4.4.1. Sposobnost prilagođavanja u poljoprivredi
The specific
goals ofprilagođavanja
this report are:
Sposobnost
klimatskim prijetnjama u poljoprivrednom sektoru trenutno je na
niskom nivou. U pogledu raspoloživih informacija i znanja, primjetan je nedostatak detaljne analize
o regionalnim
promjenama
unutar BiHcontext
kao i nedostatak
modelovanja usjeva.
Klimatski
podaci
1. to outline
the international
regarding e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
se ne unose
u
sustave
ranog
upozoravanja
za
poljoprivrednike,
a
poljoprivrednim
proizvođačima
instruments and strategic level documents;
nedostaju informacije o adaptivnim tehnikama poljoprivredne proizvodnje, sjemena sorti i usjevi
koji bi možda
bili tolerantniji
na promjene
sezonskim
obrascima
temperatura
i padavina.
2. to develop
a comparative
pictureu of
e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
versus people
with disabilities;
U pogledu vještina i upravljanja, postoji generalna potreba za obukom poljoprivrednih
3. to assess
theradno
current
level of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
proizvođača
o manje
intenzivnim
poljoprivrednim
metodama, tehnikama
uzgoja bolje
prilagođenih
usjeva igood
tehnikama
protivgradne
zaštite. U privrednom sektoru, primjetan je opći
4. to identify
practices
in the region;
manjak 5.
investicija
i nedostatak
osiguranja ljetine,
će s povećanjem
vremenskih
to develop
a set of recommendations
for što
government
and otherekstremnih
stakeholders
on how to:
pojava u budućnosti sve više dobivati na značaju.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
- pogledu
comply
with requirements
for the UNjeand
EU.
U
fizičkih
kapaciteta, primjetan
nedostatak
modernih tehnologija (mnogi
poljoprivredni proizvođači koriste zastarjelu poljoprivrednu opremu, a usljed nedostatka sredstava
i zbog poljoprivredne proizvodnje malog obima nove tehnologije se usvajaju veoma sporo). Pored
toga, primjetan
je is
i nedostatak
infrastrukture
koja bi mogla
odgovoriti klimatskim
prijetnjama,
This report
part of a larger
project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance’,
kao
što
su
sustavi
i
akumulacije
za
navodnjavanje
te
prikupljanje
kišnice.
Treba
takođe
pomenutiby
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed
problem nepostojanja većeg izbora klimatski pogodnih sjemena i biljnih sorti.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’sUDemocratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
to support the
South Eastern
region
institucionalnom
sektoru,
primjetan
je nedostatak
integracije
pitanjaEurope
klimatskih
in
the implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Society
Prioritykoordinacije
Area of the ie-SEE
the
promjena
u politike o poljoprivredi
i ruralnom
razvoju,
nedostatak
jasnih Agenda+,
nadležnosti
za poljoprivredne
politike,
kao i nedostatak
programa
za pružanje
stručnih
usluga
u poljoprivredi.
regional
action plan
for Information
Society
development,
and the
UNCRPD.
The
programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
3.4.4.2.
Sposobnost
prilagođavanja
u sektoruUNDP-funded
voda
The project
is being implemented
by the Sarajevo-based
e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Kad je u pitanju sposobnost prilagođavanja u sektoru voda, malo toga se promijenilo od Prvog
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
nacionalnog izvještaja. Što se tiče informacija, još uvijek postoji kritičan nedostatak hidrološkog
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector. The potencijalnih
UNDP Countryimplikacija
Office in Sarajevo
is working
closely
modelovanja, što veoma
otežava određivanje
klimatskih
promjena
na
with
the
fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices
in
the
region,
while
the
Office
of
Senior
ICT
Advisor
at
the
BDP
upotrebu energije, vode za piće i navodnjavanja. Iako je urađena opća procjena ranjivosti sektora,
nedostaje
detaljna
procjena
ranjivosti.
toga,
potrebnorole.
je procijeniti
sposobnost prilagođavanja
in
New York
is providing
expertise
andPored
playing
an advisory
Government-appointed
members of
klimatskim
promjenama
za
vodne
resurse.
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
Pored toga, primjetan je i nedostatak mapa ranjivosti i dijagrama rizika od poplava izrađenih
pomoću GIS tehnika. Treba napomenuti i nedostatak sustava ranog upozoravanja za visoki
95
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
vodostaj i poplave koji bi funkcionisao na osnovu sveobuhvatnih podataka u stvarnom vremenu.
U ekonomskom smislu, ovaj nedostatak informacija proizlazi iz manjka finansiranja za sustave i
institucije za monitoring. Šire gledano, nizak nivo investicija takođe utiče na sektor voda i vodovodna
preduzeća, koja još uvijek ne raspolažu sredstvima za realizaciju važnih nadogradnji i efikasno
održavanje sustava za distribuciju vode, pa stoga i dalje postoji potreba za velikim investicijama u
ovom sektoru.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Što se infrastrukture tiče, vodovodni sustavi su u cjelini u prilično lošem stanju. Popravke i
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
dugoročno održavanje su neadekvatni, a kao rezultat toga, zastarjeli vodovodni sustavi trpe velike
requirements
sets
in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how it is to
be implemented.
This
is znači
followed
gubitke vode.it U
pojedinim
vodovodima
količina neobračunate
vode
premašuje 85%,
što
da
bypreduzeća
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
koja upravljaju ovim vodovodima ne mogu ekonomski da posluju. Isplative tehnologije
i prakse,inkao
što suand
efikasnije
pumpe iinprogrami
za otkrivanje curenja, koje bi ujedno doprinijele i
disability
general
e-Accessibility
particular.
ublažavanju klimatskih promjena, nisu uobičajene. Stoga, smanjenje gubitaka predstavlja najvažniji
"resurs“ za domaćinstva koji može znatno smanjiti ranjivost u ovom sektoru.
1.1. Mjere
Why
e-Accessibility?
zaštite od poplava predstavljaju još jednu oblast u kojoj je sposobnost prilagođavanja
na niskom nivou.
Kadaovercoming
je riječ o institucijama
i mrežama,
i dalje
postoji
potreba
za ugrađivanjem
e-Accessibility
is about
the range of
barriers that
people
with
disabilities
and others
pitanja
klimatskih
promjena
u
sektorske
zakone
i
programe
i
za
usklađivanjem
tih
programa.
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
3.4.4.3.
Sposobnost prilagođavanja u sektoru zdravstva
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites
forpostoje
e-government
services, toutjecaja
telephony
supportpromjena
for blind na
people
to subtitling
on
Iako ne
precizni pokazatelji
klimatskih
zdravlje
ljudi, moglo
television.
Up to 15 percent
of the
population
across the European
Union
has a disability,
such as i,a
bi se pretpostaviti
da je svaka
investicija
u prilagođavanje
klimatskim
promjenama
i ekonomski
prije
svega,
ljudski
izvodljiva
i
isplativa.
U
tom
smislu
neophodno
je
mnogo
više
sredstava
usmjeriti
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to
have a
na
sprječavanje
toplotnog
udara,
javno
obrazovanje
i
informisanje,
i
primijenjena
istraživanja.
similar or higher proportion.
U pogledu informacionih kapaciteta, primjetan je nedostatak praćenja akutnih i hroničnih
A
surprising
number
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
bolesti, perhaps
zbog čega
je izuzetno
teško
formulisati efikasnu
strategiju
za praćenje
zdravstvenih
this
area. Atizazvanih
the highest
international
level, the UNCRPD,
ratified
and coming
into force
in 2008, is
problema
klimatskim
promjenama.
U medicinskoj
zajednici
primjetan
je i nedostatak
informacija
o
klimatskim
promjenama
i
zdravlju,
posebno
o
zdravstvenim
rizicima
za
određene
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions
are
osjetljive grupe. Ovim grupama možda takođe nedostaju informacije o klimatskim događajima –
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
naročito o toplotnim šokovima – što može ugroziti njihovo zdravlje.
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered
guidelines
and za
benchmarking
existprilagođavanja,
for programmatic
Trenutnobynepolicy,
postojeand
finansijska
sredstva
zdravstvene mjere
a ovaj support.
problem
je dodatno usložnjen
da u sektoru
nije more
urađena
analiza troškova i koristi
Furthermore,
moves arečinjenicom
afoot to strengthen
thesezdravstva
and to enact
legislation.
za mjere prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama. Ako bi se smrtnost u ekstremnim klimatskim
uslovima, kao što su toplotni šokovi, smanjila za samo 10%, ulaganja u mjere prilagođavanja bi se
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
višestruko isplatila.
1.UItpogledu
is worthwhile
in its ownnajveće
right toteškoće
improvepostoje
accessutonerazvijenim,
services to people
are already
infrastrukture,
manjimwho
mjestima
koja
nemajumarginalized.
adekvatne domove
zdravlja.
Nedostaci
u
primarnoj
zdravstvenoj
zaštiti
mogu
otežati
It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
brzu identifikaciju
i
reagovanje
na certain
prijetnjepopulations
zaraznih bolesti,
a pacijenti insufficient
s određenim
hroničnim
increase the disadvantages
face. Conversely,
effort
in this
zdravstvenim problemima (kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti) su ranjiviji kada ti problemi nisu
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
efikasno tretirani.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Što se tičeopens
institucija
i mreža,
Institut za javno
zdravlje bi and
imaocan
koristi
jačanja
kapaciteta
population
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
helpod
public
services
fulfil
za rješavanje klimatskih prijetnji. Primjetan je i nedostatak efikasnih sustava upozoravanja i
their remit
cost effective
manner.događaje koji mogu predstavljati opasnost po zdravlje
preventivnih
mjerainzaa ekstremne
vremenske
stanovništva
u BiH. e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
3. Improving
2
96
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; itprilagođavanja
can reduce the cost of
service development, and enhance the
3.4.4.4.
Sposobnost
u web
šumarstvu
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Sposobnost prilagođavanja u sektoru šumarstva na promjene temperature i padavina,
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
povećane koncentracije CO2, te na druge elementarne nepogodne je na veoma niskom nivou. Iako
e-Servicesda
and
to lower promjene
the cost. dugoročno transformišu gotovo sve šumske ekosisteme
postoji mogućnost
klimatske
pomjerajući raspored i sustav šumskih zajednica, nisu definirana područja koja su najviše ugrožena
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
klimatskim promjenama i ne postoji detaljnija analiza utjecaja klimatskih promjena za pojedine
aspects
of the
development
of the Information Society in the EU
of different
šumske convergence
zajednice, odnosno
visinske
zone na
kojima
su one rasprostranjene.
and SEE countries.
U pogledu fizičkh kapaciteta izdvajamo nedovoljnu i zastarjelu tehniku za gašenje šumskih
požara. U Bosni i Hercegovini ne postoje trajne mjerne stanice u kojima se vrši monitoring i
praćenje promjena i reakcije najznačajnijih šumskih ekosistema na klimatske promjene.
1.2. About this report
U institucionalnom okviru primjetan je nedostatak integracije problema i pitanja klimatskih
The specific goals of this report are:
promjena u politike i strategije o šumarstvu, te nedostatak koordinacije među upravljačima i
korisnicima šumskih resursa. Klimatske promjene se ne spominju ni u redovnim i zakonom
1. toplanovima
outline the
context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
definisanim
za international
gazdovanje šumama.
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus
3.4.4.5.
Sposobnost prilagođavanja u oblasti biodiverziteta i
with disabilities;
osjetljivih ekosistema
people
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Drugim
nacionalnim
izvještajem
je region;
jasno precizirano da su već sada pojedine biljne i životi­
4. to identify
good practices
in the
njske vrste
ugrože
povećanja temperature
i smanjenja
padavina.
Iako su promjene
5. toveoma
develop
a set usljed
of recommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
on how to:
granice arela i fragmentacija staništa već primjetni, najosjetljivija područja i najugroženije vrste
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
flore i faune nisu definisana.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Monitoring biodiverziteta i naučnih istraživanja je zbog nedostatka finansijskih sredstava
na veoma niskom nivou.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
U institucionalnom
neophodno
jačanje
aktivnosti
i kapaciteta
bi omogućivale
that is being
implemented pogledu
in the context
of thejee-SEE
Initiative.
It is
a regionalkoje
project
designed by
proširenje zaštićenih područja.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
3.5.Predložene mjere prilagođavanja na
klimatske promjene
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
U ovom poglavlju daje se spisak potencijalnih mjera prilagođavanja za BiH po sektorima i
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
spisak potencijalnih investicionih projekata koje bi podržali prilagođavanje.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
Country
Office
is working
closely
Iz pratećeg istraživanja
i analize
u The
ovomUNDP
poglavlju
jasno
je dainjeSarajevo
analiza troškova
i koristi
najvažniji
korakUNDP
koji treba
preduzeti
s predloženim
mjerama
navedenim
u
with
the fellow
Country
Offices uinvezi
the region,
while the
Office ofprilagođavanja
Senior ICT Advisor
at the BDP
tabeli
koja
slijedi.
Takođe
je
veoma
važno
da
se
obezbijedi
tijesna
isprepletenost
pitanja
klimatskih
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
promjena i razvoja politika: nalazi iz primijenjenih istraživanja treba da se koriste kao osnov za
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
sektorski razvoj i opće društveno-ekonomske razvojne politike, a ove politike pak moraju uzeti u
respective
countries. utjecaj na sposobnost BiH da se prilagodi klimatskim promjenama.
obzir svoj potencijalni
97
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Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
3.5.1 Potencijalne mjere po sektorima
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Sektor
Potencijalne mjere
Razvoj modelā usjeva koji mogu pružiti informacije o rasporedu sadnje i
pogodnim sortama usjeva
This section presents an Implementacija
overview of the
UNCRPD,
its significance
and
main sections,
i usvajanje
godišnjih
lista sorti usjeva
i poboljšanja
u smislu the
većeg izbora
sorti
requirements it sets in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Povećana
svijest javnosti
o utjecaju
promjena
na poljoprivredu
i to
by a description of the major
instruments
and actions
atklimatskih
the European
Union
level relating
pružanje obrazovanja i obuke poljoprivrednim proizvođačima;
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Izgradnja akumulacija i kolektora za vodu; prikupljanje kišnice (individualna
domaćinstva, lokalni, regionalni, entitetski i državni nivo)
Povećana proizvodnja u staklenicima i drugim ekološki kontrolisanim područjima
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Unapređenje i razvoj tehnika protivgradne zaštite
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Širenje "dobre prakse“ u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Razvoj diversifikovane poljoprivrede
Society.
Promocija integralnog održivog razvoja i energetske efikasnosti u sektoru
poljoprivrede
e-Accessibility can potentially
refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Razvoj sektorske
za prilagođavanje
promjenama
from websites for e-government
services,strategije
to telephony
support forklimatskim
blind people
to subtitling on
Donošenje
dugoročnih
strategija
za
razvoj
poljoprivrede
na
državnom
i
television.
Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such
as a
Poljoprivreda
entitetskom nivou
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Brže usklađivanje s evropskim standardima u oblasti poljoprivrede i održivog
similar or higher proportion.
razvoja. Bosna i Hercegovina i dalje ne može da koristi značajna sredstva iz
strukturnih i kohezionih fondova, tako da je proces integracije neophodan za
proizvodnje iagreements,
zadovoljavajuće
stope zaposlenosti
u sektorucover
A perhaps surprisingpostizanje
number rasta
of international
regulations
and guidelines
this area. At the highest international
level,
theegzotermnih
UNCRPD, i/ili
ratified
and coming
into force
in 2008, is
Intenziviranje
uzgoja
kserofitnih
vrsta otpornih
na više
temperature
i
nižu
vlažnost
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Smanjenje
rizika
u proizvodnji,
posebno
male poljoprivredne
proizvođače
spread across areas such as
Television
Without
Frontiers
(for za
subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
(kako bi se očuvali mali poljoprivredni proizvođači)*
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
efekata
kolebanja
cijena poljoprivrednih
roba*
is also covered by policy, Ublažavanje
and guidelines
and
benchmarking
exist for programmatic
support.
Povećanje
ulaganja
u
poljoprivredu,
naročito
u
nova
sjemena,
poboljšano
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
upravljanje, te upravljanje zemljištem i navodnjavanjem*
Pružanje transparentnog i pouzdanog regulatornog okruženja za razvoj
There is at least a five-fold
justification
for early
action
in the area
of e-Accessibility:
poljoprivrede
koje će privući
privatne
investicije
i povećati
produktivnost*
Smanjenje gubitaka u lancu snabdijevanja hranom (naročito u toku i poslije žetve)*
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Razvoj održivog upravljanja prirodnim resursima, posebno šuma, vodnih
marginalized. It helps
fulfil(uključujući
the promise
of thešto
Information
to bezbjednost
reduce rather
than
resursa
ribarstvo),
je od velikogSociety
značaja za
hrane*
increase the disadvantages
certain ranjivosti
populations
face. sposobnosti
Conversely,prilagođavanja
insufficient effort
in this
Detaljna procjena
i procjena
klimatskim
area is likely to further
marginalize
these
groups.
promjenama
za vodne
resurse
mapa ranjivosti
rizikato
odsuch
poplava
izrađenih pomoću
GIS tehnika
2. Improving accessIzrada
to services,
publici dijagrama
and private,
a significant
proportion
of the
population opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
andi can
help public
Izgradnja nekoliko
funkcionalnih
akumulacija
regulacija
rijeka**services fulfil
their remit in a costPoboljšanje
effective manner.
u sustavima za hidrološko praćenje i mjerenje, i u sustavima za
Vode
rano upozoravanje
visoki vodostaj
3. Improving e-Accessibility
for the za
marginalized
could also lead to improved access for
2
98
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Poboljšanje sustava za zaštitu od poplava
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Razvoj sektorskog plana za prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama
4. The earlier action
is taken, problema
the easierutjecaja
it is toklimatskih
integrate promjena
e-Accessibility
into development
of
Ugrađivanje
u sektorske
strategije i
e-Services and to akcione
lower the
cost.
planove
Jačanje istraživačkih aktivnosti u pogledu utjecaja klimatskih promjena na
Vode5. Pursuing approaches
that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
vodne resurse i modelovanje hidroloških procesa
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Izgradnja kapaciteta nadležnih institucija i lokalnih zajednica, te podizanje
and SEE countries.svijesti o utjecaju klimatskih promjena na vodne resurse i sposobnost
prilagođavanja
Promocija integralnog održivog razvoja i efikasnog upravljanja vodama
1.2. About this
report
Sprovođenje detaljne procjene ranjivosti na klimatske promjene u sektoru
zdravstva
The specific goals of this report
are: i utvrđivanje utjecaja kritičnih temperatura na zdravlje ljudi
Istraživanje
Jačanje primarne zdravstvene zaštite u gradovima i ruralnim područjima
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Poboljšanje u istraživačkim aktivnostima u vezi s povezanošću i utjecajem
instruments and strategic
documents;
klimatskihlevel
promjena
na zdravlje ljudi
Zdravstvo
Uključivanje
klimatskih
promjena u strategije
zdravstvenog
sektora
2. to develop a comparative
picture
of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
versus people
with disabilities; Uspostavljanje praćenja prenosnika bolesti, zaraznih bolesti i infektivnih bolesti
Jačanjelevel
kapaciteta
Instituta za javno
3. to assess the current
of e-Accessibility
andzdravlje
e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good Jačanje
practices
in thei region;
stručnih
istraživačkih kapaciteta
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Jačanje kapaciteta nadležnih institucija i programa kontrole
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Sprovođenje detaljne procjene utjecaja klimatskih promjena na šumske
comply withekosisteme
requirements for the UN and EU.
Poboljšanja u sustavima za zaštitu šuma od požara (jačanje kapaciteta za
praćenje, ljudskih resursa, tehnika i tehnologije)
This report is part Povećanje
of a largerpovršine
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
zaštićenih
šuma (koje
u ovom trenutku
pokrivaju
teritorije)
uspostavljanje
trajnog uzorkovanja
zemljišta
za praćenje
that is being implemented1–2%
in the
contexti of
the e-SEE Initiative.
It is a regional
project
designed by
klimatskih
promjena
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Razvoj sektorskog
prilagođavanje
UNDP’s Democratic Governance
Thematic plana
Trustza
Fund
to supportklimatskim
the Southpromjenama
Eastern Europe region
Poboljšanja
i aktivnostima
praćenja
za the
in the implementation of the
Inclusiveu istraživačkim
Information aktivnostima
Society Priority
Area of the
e-SEE(sustav
Agenda+,
Šumarstvo
rano
upozoravanje
za
šumske
požare,
sustav
upozoravanja
na
štetočine
itd.)
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
metoda
i modela
promjena
u strukturi
šumskih
priorities of the project areRazvoj
therefore
fully
aligned
with the
targets of
e-SEEekosistema
Agenda+. na osnovu
klimatskih modela
Pošumljavanje
The project is being
implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing Detaljno
on theirmapiranje
existingstvarne
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
i potencijalne
šumske
vegetacije
pomoću
GIS-a
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Uključivanje pitanja klimatskih promjena u strategije i akcione planove
Inclusion/Democratic Governance
Sector.
šumarskog
sektoraThe UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country
Officeszaštita
in thešuma
region,
theštetočina
Office ofi bolesti
Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Poboljšana
od while
šumskih
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Povećanje broja zaštićenih područja i unapređenje sustava za upravljanje
the Regional e-Governance
Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Biodiverzitet i ranjivi zaštićenim oblastima kako bi postigao samoodrživost
respective
countries.
ekosistemi
Podešavanje prostornih planova i planova upravljanja zaštićenim područjima
u skladu s utjecajima klimatskih promjena
99
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Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Planiranje i prognoziranje promjena u granicama zaštićenih područja
Eksperimentalna istraživanja o utjecajima klimatskih promjena, i studije o
odgovorima ekosistema na ove vrste utjecaja
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Očuvanje migracionih puteva i razvoj novih migracionih puteva i koridora
različitih vrsta u oblastima narušenih biotopa
Razvoj infrastrukture za naučne procjene, prognoziranje i praćenje promjena
u zemljišnim ekosistemima i biološkoj raznovrsnosti
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Podizanje svijesti o značaju klimatskih promjena za biodiverzitet i osjetljive ekosisteme
requirements
it sets
in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Biodiverzitet
i ranjivi
Podešavanje
programa
na at
nivou
ekosistemi of the major
by a description
instruments
and zaštite
actions
thevrsta
European Union level relating to
Dodatna zaštita
disability in general and e-Accessibility
in određenih
particular.ekosistema u oblastima kao što su Bardača i
Hutovo Blato
Osnivanje banaka sjemena za očuvanje genetskog fonda endemskih i ranjivih
vrsta flore i faune, za skladištenje prikupljenih biljnih sjemena i uzoraka
životinjskih vrsta
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming
the
rangemigracija
of barriers
that people
withi faune
disabilities and others
Neophodna
procjena
invazivnih
vrsta flore
such as older populations experience
when seeking
to institucija
participate
on equal
terms koje
in the
Jačanje kapaciteta
nadležnih
i naučnih
zajednica
seInformation
bave
biodiverzitetom
Society.
Prilagođavanje aktivnosti u i oko poljoprivrede u ruralnim područjima, kako
bi se smanjila
njihova
podložnost
budućim
razvoj
e-Accessibility can potentially
refer
to any
type of ICT
usedklimatskim
by citizens,promjenama;
and involves
everything
poljoprivredne proizvodnje za unutrašnja tržišta u okviru ruralne ekonomije (npr.
from websites for e-government
services,
to telephony
support for
blindi people
to subtitling
prehrambeni
proizvodi
za potrebe planinskog,
seoskog
rekreativnog
turizma i on
autentičnih
prehrambenih
proizvoda
u malim
fabrikama)
television. Up to 15 percent proizvodnja
of the population
across
the European
Union
hasporodičnim
a disability,
such as a
Prilagođavanje
nepoljoprivrednih
usluga potencijalnim
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive,
or motor
impairment, djelatnosti
and SEE icountries
can expectbudućim
to have a
klimatskim
promjenama,
kao
što
je
razvoj
banjskog
ili
primorskog
turizma.
similar or higher proportion.
Planinski turizam treba intenzivirati, posebno na najatraktivnijim planinama,
pošto će povećanja temperature učiniti ove destinacije idealnim za odmor
budućnosti, ove
oblasti bi mogle
da postanu
interesantne
A perhaps surprisingi rekreaciju.
number ofUinternational
agreements,
regulations
and
guidelinesi cover
profitabilne
za
investitore
van
Bosne
i
Hercegovine
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
ekonomske
politike
će obezbijediti
dugoročni ekonomski
rast,
the relevant legal context. Usvajanje
No single
EU directive
iskoja
dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
smanjiti nezaposlenost, poboljšati životni standard i uvažiti potrebu za ublažavanjem
spread across areas such as
Television
Frontiers
subtitling),
thepolitike
Copyright
Directive
mogućih
utjecajaWithout
klimatskih
promjena.(for
Ekonomske
razvojne
i strategije
(for copyright exemptions), and
Telecoms
Framework
(for
assistive
technologies).
trebathe
prilagoditi
u skladu
s nalazima
scenarija
klimatskih
promjena.e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, Sprovođenje
and guidelines
benchmarking
exist
for programmatic
support.
mjeraand
zaštite
za ljude i imovinu
u područjima
koja su podložna
Regionalni razvoj
požarima,
poplavama,
klizištima
i
bujicama.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Integracija ublažavanja rizika od klimatskih promjena u politike zaštiteokoliša,
energetske politike, vodoprivredne politike, politike upravljanja šumama i druge
There is at least a five-fold
justification
fordruštveno-ekonomski
early action in therazvoj.
area Neophodno
of e-Accessibility:
dokumente
od značaja za
je usvojiti
mjere prilagođavanja koje se odnose na neke opće aktivnosti (konkretne mjere su
u strategije,
politike,access
razvojnetoprograme
Odgovarajuće
mjere
1. It is worthwhile inintegrisane
its own right
to improve
servicesi planove).
to people
who are already
treba da obuhvate osnovne socijalne politike kako bi se smanjili utjecaji klimatskih
marginalized. It helps
fulfil uthe
promise
the Information
reduce rather than
promjena
socijalnoj
sferiof
(posebno
u oblastima sSociety
najvećimtorizicima)
increase the disadvantages
certain populations
Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in this
Primjena sljedećih
kriterijuma zaface.
investicione
projekte:
opravdanost
u smislu
area is likely to further
marginalize
utjecaja
na životnuthese
i radnugroups.
sredinu, u smislu zapošljavanja i opravdanosti
investicionih projekata u oblasti regionalnog i ruralnog razvoja
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Povećanje aktivnosti na edukaciji stanovništva i predstavnika institucija i
population opens significant
opportunities,
can help
public efektima,
services fulfil
privrede o market/sales
utjecajima klimatskih
promjena,and
njihovim
negativnim
i rizicima
i neophodnosti pravovremenog prilagođavanja ovim utjecajima
their remit in a costkao
effective
manner.
(posebno za širu javnost, naročito mlade, i donosioce odluka na državnom,
3. Improving e-Accessibility
for
the marginalized
could also lead to improved access for
entitetskom
i lokalnom
nivou)
2
100
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people;
it can reduce
thenacost
of webspecifičnih
service development,
enhancei the
Intenziviranje
napora
rješavanju
problema u BiHand
(deminiranje
prospects for migrating
web services
ontolica,
newizbjeglica
platforms
such as mobile
phones.
puna integracija
raseljenih
i povratnika)
koji mogu
predstavljati
teret u sprovođenju strateških razvojnih planova i programa za ublažavanje
4. The earlier action
is taken,utjecaja
the easier
it is topromjena
integrate e-Accessibility into development of
negativnih
klimatskih
e-Services and to Podsticanje
lower the cost.
i intenziviranje naučno-istraživačkog rada u oblasti klimatskih
promjena, uključujući studije rizika od negativnih utjecaja, kao i njihovih
Regionalni
razvoj approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
5. Pursuing
implikacija na društveno-ekonomski razvoj. Sadašnji obim i kvalitet naučnoaspects
development
the Information
in the EU
convergence of different
istraživačkog
radaof
nethe
zadovoljava
potrebeofBosne
i HercegovineSociety
(ni interne
potrebe
ni
zahtjeve
procesa
evro-integracija)
and SEE countries.
Sprovođenje popisa, kojim bi se obezbijedio temeljit pregled raspoloživih
resursa i njihove geografske distribucije, te omogućilo da buduće strategije i
planovi razvoja odražavaju realno stanje.
1.2. About this
report
Izbor stabilnog sustava za praćenje podataka o klimatskim promjenama,
rezultata prilagođavanja i pokazatelja koji koriste međunarodno priznate
The specific goals of this report
are: i praćenje promjena u održivom razvoju, čak i u atmosferi
metodologije
nepovoljnih klimatskih promjena. Ovo se može proširiti i integrisati u
postojeće sustave meteorološkog izvještavanja ili u redovne statističke
1. to outline the international
context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
izvještaje entitetskih institucija i Agencije za statistiku BiH.
instruments and strategic
level documents;
Poboljšanja u postojećem sustavu meteoroloških osmatranja koja će omogućiti
praćenje klimatskih
promjena
i rezultatafor
prilagođavanja,
i sustave
2. to develop a comparative
picture of
e-Accessibility
able-bodieduključujući
people versus
people
ranog upozoravanja. Razvoj kapaciteta za profesionalce treba integrisati u
with disabilities; međunarodni osmatrački sustav (ovo treba da se razvije u poseban projekat,
kroz uspostavljanje sustava prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene).
to assess
the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Opća3.politika
i
Imenovanje profesionalnih i političkih tijela koja će voditi ekonomski razvoj u
planiranje
4. to identify good practices in the region;
nestabilnim klimatskim uslovima. Savjet ministara, entitetske vlade, ekonomski
5. to develop a seti of
recommendations
government
and
stakeholders
onnivou
how to:
urbanistički
organi vlasti for
i druga
stručna tijela
naother
državnom
i entitetskom
da buduto
u stanju
da sprovode mjere za sprečavanje nepovoljnih utjecaja
address thetreba
obstacles
e-Accessibility;
klimatskih promjena, pored svojih tradicionalnih uloga u klasičnom ekonomskom
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
planiranju i budžetiranju u okviru parlamentarne strukture. Potrebno je utvrditi
obaveze političkih institucija u Bosni i Hercegovini i njihove uloge i odgovornosti u
vezi s održivim razvojem u kontekstu klimatskih promjena.
This report is part Gajenje
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups inozbiljnih
e-Governance’,
javnog
raspoloženja
koje bi išlo
u prilog preduzimanju
koraka
klimatskih
promjena,
uključujući
kako
u materijalne
that is being implementedzainrješavanje
the context
of the e-SEE
Initiative.
It is ulaganja
a regional
project
designed by
tako i u ljudske resurse. Ključne inicijative, politike i mjere prilagođavanja su
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
na državnom nivou u okviru međunarodne saradnje.
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
* Predložene mjere označene zvjezdicom (*) preuzete su i prilagođene iz preporuka sadržanih u izvještaju FAO-a (FAO/IFAD/WFP 2011)
in
the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
u kom se istražuju metodi za smanjenje gladi u svijetu. U izvještaju se ističu spekulacije na svjetskim tržištima hrane koje dovode do
povećanja cijena,
kao iplan
uzrocifor
globalne
nesigurnosti Society
u sektoru. development,
Ovo stanje se naročito
negativno
odražava na najsiromašnije
i zemlje u
regional
action
Information
and
the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
razvoju. U ovom izvještaju, koji predstavlja nadogradnju na prethodne izvještaje, naglašavaju se sljedeće aktivnosti koje imaju za cilj
priorities
ofodrživosti
the project
are therefore
aligned
obezbjeđivanje
i bezbjednosti
u proizvodnjifully
i ponudi
hrane: with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
** Prema ranijim analizama, u BiH su sve izraženija neujednačena oticanja, a predviđa se da će efekti klimatskih promjena biti osjetniji
u regionima u kojima je klimatska nelinearnost do sada bila najizraženija. Neravnomjerna raspodjela oticanja karakteristična je za
The
project
is being
implemented
by jethe
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
kraški region
u vodnom
području
Jadranskog
mora u BiH, gdje
mreža
vodotoka prilično nerazvijena.
Situacija je e-SEE
naročito nepovoljna
3
/s)
iscrpljeno
postojećim
u
slivu
rijeke
Bosne,
gdje
je
približno
82%
kapaciteta
podzemnih
voda
(što
prema
procjenama
iznosi
oko
5,9
m
Secretariat,10 capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
vodozahvatima. Akumulacije omogućavaju da se postojeći uslovi iskoriste na takav način da se postigne optimalno upravljanje vodnim
resursima. Pored proizvodnje
energije, akumulacije
mogu
da pružeSecretariat
zaštitu od poplava
posluže za prikupljanje
rezervi
vode
Marginalised
Groups električne
in e-Governance
and the
e-SEE
arei dapositioned
within the
Social
za razdoblje suše, vodosnabdijevanje, navodnjavanje, plovidbu, ribarstvo, rekreativne aktivnosti i druge potrebe. Do danas, BiH je izgradila
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
Thepovećanih
UNDPekonomskih,
Country Office
Sarajevo
is working
ekološkihin
i socijalnih
troškova
sve je teže closely
izabrati
višenamjenske akumulacije ukupne
zapremine 3.851
hm3. Zbog
lokacije
za
izgradnju
brana
i
akumulacija.
Međutim,
kako
bi
se
zadovoljila
sve
veća
potražnja
za
vodom,
treba
razmotriti
opciju
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor
atproširenja
the BDP
ukupne zapremine akumulacija, bilo kroz izgradnju novih ili povećanje kapaciteta postojećih akumulacija.
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
TabelaAdvisory
22. MjereTaskforce
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
promjenama
the Regional e-Governance
(REGATA)
act as
government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
10 "Podrška vodnoj politici u BiH“; projekat je finansiran od strane EU IPA za 2007. godinu.
101
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
3.5.2. Prijedlog projektnih ideja za prilagođavanje
klimatskim promjenama
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Analizom prioritetnih sektora, koja je sprovedena prilikom izrade BiH Strategije
prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene i niskoemisiong razvoja, utvrđeno je da su poljoprivreda i
vodni
resursipresents
najviše osjetljivi
na klimatske
promjene. Zbog
toga je i fokus
projekata
This
section
an overview
of the UNCRPD,
its significance
andprioritetnih
main sections,
the
usmjeren upravo na navedene sektore. Realizacija projektnih aktivnosti je planirana u naredne tri
requirements
it sets
in allusvoje
aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how it 2013-2015).
is to be implemented.
Thisfinancijskih
is followed
godine, nakon
što SNC
nadležne
institucije (očekivano
Mogući izvori
bysredstava
a description
of the major predloženih
instrumentsprojekata
and actions
Unionbanka,
level Zeleni
relating
to
za implementaciju
mogliatbithe
biti:European
GEF, Svjetska
fond
za klimatske
promjene,
IPA fondovi, Fond
za zaštitu životne sredine i energetsku efikasnost RS,
disability
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
Fond za zaštitu okoliša FBiH...
1.1. Prioritetni
Why projekti:
e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
1. Prilagođavanje
na sušu iwhen
jačanje
kapaciteta
- obuhvata
aktivnosti
koje
issuch as older
populations experience
seeking
to participate
onset
equal
terms in
theuključuju
Information
traživanje suše na bazi klimatskih indeksa, determinisanje regionalnog rasporeda suše,
Society.
idejna rješenja i izvedbene projekte sa ciljem obezbjeđivanja nedostatka vode u sušnom
periodu.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
2.Agroklimatska
rejonizacija
prema
klimatskimsupport
scenarijima
- podrazumijeva
utvrđivanje
from websites
for e-government
services,
to telephony
for blind
people to subtitling
on
prostorne
distribucije
optimalnih
agroklimatskih
uslova
za
uzgoj
pojedinih
poljoprivrednih
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
kultura na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine na osnovu analiza temperature i padavina, kao
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
najvažnijih agroklimatskih elemenata. Analiza agroklimatskih uslova će seraditi za prosimilar or higher
proportion.
jektovane
klimatske periode (do 2100).
meteorološkog,
hidrološkog
i ekološkog
monitoringa
- podrazumijeva
tehničko jačanA 3.Jačanje
perhaps surprising
number
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
je
institucija
koje
vrše
meteorološki,
hidrološki
i
ekološki
monitoring
u
Bosni
i
Hercegovini.
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant
legal context.
No za
single
EU directive
is dedicated -topodrazumijeva
e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
4.Izgradnja
sistema
navodnjavanje
i odvodnjavanje
izgradnju
višefunkspread across
areas such
as Television
Frontiers
(for subtitling),
cionalnih
akumulacija
u cilju Without
prilagođavanja
na poplave
i suše. the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
5. Poboljšanje
snabdijevanja
stanovništva
vodom – obuhvata
ruralnih područja
is also covered
by policy,
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist istraživanje
for programmatic
support.
u smislu optimalnog vodosnabdijevanja te tehničku realizaciju (kaptiranje izvora i izrada
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
lokalnih vodovoda) na identifikovanim lokacijama
There
is at least a
five-fold
justification
for early
action
in the area
of e-Accessibility:
6.Ekonomski
utjecaji
klimatskih
promjena
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
– podrazumijeva
istraživanje
i procjenu ekonomskih utjecaja klimatskih promjena po sektorima (poljoprivreda, vodni
biodiverzitet,
šumarstvo
dr)
1. It isresursi,
worthwhile
in its own
right to iimprove
access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
7.Razvoj hidroloških modela prema klimatskim scenarijima - na bazi hidroloških modeincrease
themoguće
disadvantages
certain
populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in this
la biće
optimalnije
planiranje
za prilagođavanje
vodnih
resursa na
klimatske
area promjene
is likely toufurther
BiH. marginalize these groups.
2.8.Unapređenje
Improving access
services,
public and private,
such a significant
proportion
the
webtostranice
www.unfccc.ba
(Izrada to
interaktivnog
atlasa klime
Bosne of
i Herpopulation
opens
significant
opportunities,
and can help
public services
fulfil
cegovine)
- ova
mjera je market/sales
u direktnoj funkciji
jačanje kapaciteta,
te promocije
realizovanih
informisanja
na polju klimatskih promjena,
their aktivnosti
remit in ai cost
effectivejavnosti
manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
102
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; itstrategija
can reduce
the cost
of web service
development,
and enhance
the
9.Izrada
sektorskih
(planova)
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
promjenama
u sektorima
u
kojima
su
posljedice
klimatskih
promjena
najizraženije
(poljoprivreda,
vodni
resursi,
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
biodiverzitet, ljudsko zdravlje, turizam i šumarstvo i osjetljiva područja)
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
10.Jačanje
svijesti
i edukacije
o klimatskim promjena u obrazovnim institucijama (osnovnim,
e-Services and
to lower
the cost.
srednjim i visokoškolskim).
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
103
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.
NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
4.Procjena
potencijala
za ublažavanje utjecaja
klimatskih promjena
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Realiziranje planiranih ciljeva i zadataka iz oblasti ublažavanja posljedica klimatskih
promjena,
sadržanih
u Drugom nacionalnom izvještaju Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu s Okvirnom
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
konvencijom Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama, zasniva se na rezultatima najnovijih
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
of barriers
that
people with
disabilities and
others
naučnih istraživanja
koja
se odnosethe
na range
emisijske
scenarije,
potencijale
za ublažavanje
klimatskih
such
as older
populations
experience
when
seekingna
to međunarodnom
participate on equal
terms innivou.
the Information
promjena
i mjere
ublažavanja
koje su
postignute
i državnom
Society.
Pored Odluke 17/CP.8 "Instrukcije za izradu nacionalnih izvještaja država članica koje nisu
uključene u Aneks I Konvencije“, kao osnova za izradu ovog dijela Izvještaja korišten je i "Četvrti
e-Accessibility
can
potentially
refer to any
type of ICT used by citizens,
and
involves
izvještaj
međuvladinog
panela
o klimatskim
promjenama“.Osnovni
dokument
u kojem
sueverything
sadržane
from
websites formjere
e-government
telephony
supportjefor
blind
people to
subtitling
on
i interpretirane
ublažavanjaservices,
utjecaja to
klimatskih
promjena
"Prvi
nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne
i Hercegovine
skladu
sa Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
o klimatskim
promjenama“.
television.
Up tou15
percent
of the population
across
the European
Union
has a disability,
such as Ua
INC-u
su
identifikovani
i
opisani
potencijali
za
ublažavanje
klimatskih
promjena,
kao
i
preporuke
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have ai
naredni koraci.
similar or higher proportion.
U SNC-u poglavlje posvećeno ublažavanju klimatskih promjena je prošireno opisom i
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
regulations
andkoji
guidelines
cover
analizom
mjera po
pojedinačnim
sektorima
u BiH, agreements,
scenarijima za
ublažavanje
će modelirati
moguće
putanje
emisija
stakleničkihlevel,
plinova
do 2025. godine,
prijedlog
koji će
this
area. At
the highest
international
the UNCRPD,
ratified kao
and icoming
intoprojekata
force in 2008,
is
doprinijeti
ublažavanju.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
Konkretno modeliranje kvantitativno-vremenskog razvoja emisija stakleničkih plinova
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and the Telecoms
(for (bez
assistive
technologies).
je realizirano
preko tri razvojna
scenarija:Framework
S1 – osnovni
promjena),
S2 - sae-Accessibility
djelimičnom
isprimjenom
also covered
by policy, mjera
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist
for programmatic
support.
stimulativnih
i i S3 – napredni
(s primjenom
cjelokupnog
seta stimulativnih
mjera).
U
razmatranjima
spomenutih
emisijskih
scenarija
inicijalni
podaci
su
uzeti
za
2010.
godinu,
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
dok su proračuni emisija urađeni po petogodištima, tj. za 2015, 2020. i 2025. godina. Aktivnosti su
dodatno podržane organiziranim prikupljanjem podataka i intenzivnijim uključivanjem nadležnih
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
državnih i entitetskih ministarstava, Distrikta Brčko kao i važnijih javnih agencija u cjelokupni rad.
1.Značajna
It is worthwhile
own right
to improve
access to korištenje
services to softvera
people who
already
novina in
u its
odnosu
na INC
BiH predstavlja
za are
istraživanje
potencijala
za
ublažavanje
klimatskih
promjena
po
predmetnim
sektorima
u
SNC-u
BiH.
Analizama
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
brojnih modela za politike ublažavanja utjecaja klimatskih promjena kao najadekvatniji (i ujedno
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
najviše korišten u svijetu) izabran je softver LEAP (Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning System).
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
104
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
4.1.Energetika
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
4.1.1.Elektroenergetika
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing
approaches
that followstanja
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist in the
4.1.1.1.
Pregled
postojećeg
u oblasti
elektroenergetike
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Prema
resursnoj
osnovi i dostignutom tehnološkom razvoju kao glavni izvori energije u Bosni
and SEE
countries.
i Hercegovini mogu se izdvojiti ugalj i hidropotencijal. Oko 50% električne energije u BiH generira se u
termoelektranama koje rade na domaći ugalj s relativno visokom specifičnom emisijom ugljendioksida
(1,3 tCO2/MWh). Ostatak električne energije proizvodi se u velikim hidroelektranama, a jedan udio otpada
i na male hidroelektrane. Značajan izvor energije su i fosilna goriva, odnosno prirodni plin i nafta.
1.2. About this report
Prema
podacima
iz INC-a,
ukupna potrošnja energije u 2005. za BiH je bila: 45,3% ugalj i
The specific
goals
of this report
are:
koks, 9,6% hidropotencijali, 21,1% tečna goriva, 5,6% prirodni plin i 20,5% drvo11. Prema korištenoj
tehnologiji i vrsti goriva općenito se može konstatirati da BiH uveliko zavisi od uvoza, te da se
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
njen energetski sektor još vijek odlikuje malom energetskom efikasnošću, što rezultira visokom
instruments
andjedinici
strategic
level
documents;
potrošnjom
energije po
BDP.
Posebno
nepovoljan odnos i dalje postoji u oblasti potrošnje
prirodnog
što jeaposljedica
neadekvatne
i vremenske
dinamike njegovog
korištenja,
i
2. plina,
to develop
comparative
picture ofstrukture
e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people versus
people
što rezultira njegovim izrazito visokim cijenama. Dodatna nepovoljnost u korištenju prirodnog plina
with disabilities;
jeste što postoji samo jedan plinovod koji uzrokuje nestabilnost u snabdijevanju, posebno tokom
zimske sezone,
kadathe
je potrošnja
ovogofenergenta
najveća.
ovog razloga velik
broj domaćinstava
3. to assess
current level
e-Accessibility
andIze-Accessibility
stakeholders;
u BiH za proizvodnju toplotne energije koristi električnu mrežu. Međutim, bez obzira na navedene
4. to identify good practices in the region;
činjenice danas u BiH postoji veći broj sistema daljinskog grijanja koji prirodni plin koriste kao
to developZnačajan
a set of recommendations
for government
and other
on how
to:
primarni5.energent.
izvor u BiH predstavlja
drvna biomasa
koja stakeholders
se kao primarni
izvor
address
the koristi
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
toplotne-energije
još uvijek
u manjim
gradskim centrima i ruralnim područjima.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Emisija CO2 iz elektroenergetskog sektora u BiH u 2010. god. je iznosila oko 12,432 mil. tona.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
4.1.1.2.
Scenariji insmanjenja
stakleničkih
plinova
that
is being implemented
the context of emisije
the e-SEE Initiative.
It is a regional
projectizdesigned by
the UNDP Country
Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
elektroenergetskog
sektorasupported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
S ciljem analiziranja
smanjenja emisije
razdoblju
do 2025.
in the implementation
of thepotencijala
Inclusive Information
Society plinova
Prioritystaklenika
Area of theu e-SEE
Agenda+,
the
godine analizirana su tri scenarija smanjenja emisija. Sva tri scenarija podrazumijevaju i povećanje
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
energetske efikasnosti u skladu sa nacrtom NEEAP-a.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
S1 scenarij. Ovaj scenarij podrazumijeva raste emisije stakleničkih plinova proporcionalno
The
is being
implemented
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
s porastom project
potrošnje
energije.
S obzirombydatheemisija
stakleničkih
plinova zavisi
direktno
od
proizvodnje energije,
ovo znači
da seexisting
prema ovom
scenarijunetworks
zadržava isti
pokrivenosti
potreba
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
knowledge,
andudio
resources.
Empowering
za energijom iz
domaćih
izvora.
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
S1 scenarij karakterizira relativno nizak stepen efikasnosti proizvodnje električne energije.
with
the fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices in thena
region,
the Office
ofhidroelektrane
Senior ICT Advisor
the BDP
Pri tome,
osnovni
izvori
su termoelektrane
ugalj while
(oko 60%)
i velike
(okoat
40%).
Od
in
Newzastupljene
York is providing
and playing
advisory
role. Government-appointed
members of
(OIE),
su maleexpertise
hidroelektrane
(MHE)an
i nešto
kapaciteta
na solarnu energiju (fotonaponske
ćelije).
Pretpostavlja
se da u S1
scenariju
koeficijent
ugljendioksida
elektroenergetske
mrežefor
ostaje
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act as government
Focal Points
their
isti
za
čitav
period.
Prema
scenariju
s
nižom
potrošnjom
energije
iz
Studije
energetskog
sektora
u
respective countries.
BiH, proizvodnja električne energije u 2015. god. iznosit će 78,05 PJ, a u 2020. god. bit će 80,44 PJ.
11 INC, BiH, 2010:31
105
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Proizvodnja u 2025. god. je izračunata prema istoj stopi godišnjeg rasta kao u periodu 2015-2020.
Prema S1, emisija CO2 iz elektroenergetskog sektora u BiH u 2010. god. je iznosila oko 12,5
mil. tona. Zbog predviđenog porasta proizvodnje, emisija će u 2015. god. iznositi skoro 16 mil. tona,
dok će na kraju posmatranog perioda emisije biti oko 16,7 mil. tona (Grafikon 24). Dakle, prema S1
scenariju povećanje emisije u posmatranom periodu je oko 34%.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
S2 scenarij. S2 scenarij se zasniva na implementaciji projekata izgradnje elektroenergetskih
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
postrojenja u skladu s relevantnim entitetskim strategijama i podacima o planiranim investicijama
requirements
it setsupitnika.
in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and FBiH
how it13 isi onim
to be implemented.
This is followed
12
dobijenim putem
Prema
podacima iz SPP
dobijenim od Elektroprivrede
byBiH
a description
of the major
and actions
European
Union level
to
i Elektroprivrede
HZHB,instruments
u posmatranom
perioduatjethe
planirana
izgradnja
oko relating
2.300 MW
termoenergetskih
postrojenja
na ugalj,
te vjetroelektrana ukupne snage 460 MW, velikih
disability
in general and
e-Accessibility
in particular.
hidroelektrana 254 MW i MHE 37 MW (Tabela 23). Paralelno s tim, predviđa se izlazak iz pogona
nekih termoenergetskih blokova. Neki kapaciteti povećavaju efikasnost i/ili kapacitet prilikom
revitalizacija. Tako je, npr., predviđeno povećanje kapaciteta HE "Rama“ sa 160 na 180 MW uz istu
akumulaciju.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Očekivana proizvodnja
Energetski izvor
Snaga (MW)
Society.
(GWh)
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Vjetroelektrane
460
1.185
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Velike hidroelektrane
254
1.017
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Male hidroelektrane
television. Up to
15 percent of the population across 37
the European Union145
has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
motor impairment,
and
SEE countries
can expect
Tabela 23.
Planirana
izgradnjaor
nekarbonskih
postrojenja
za proizvodnju
električne
energijetou have a
Federaciji BiH do 2025. od javnih elektroenergetskih preduzeća
similar or higher proportion.
A Prema
perhaps
surprising
number
of international
regulations
and novih
guidelines
cover
Strategiji
razvoja
energetike
RS-a iz agreements,
2012, planirana
je izgradnja
kapaciteta
this
area. snage
At the 920
highest
level, the UNCRPD,
ratified and
coming
force
2008, is
ukupne
MW international
i očekivane proizvodnje
od 4.550 GWh/a.
Pored
toga, into
planira
sein
izgradnja
MHE
ukupne
snage
oko 160
i očekivane
proizvodnje
od oko
GWh/a. Izgradnja
navedenih
the
relevant
legal
context.
NoMW
single
EU directive
is dedicated
to500
e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
kapaciteta
dovest
će
do
povećanja
koeficijenta
ugljendioksida
elektroenergetske
mreže
za
oko
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
10%, u periodu nakon 2015. Proizvodnja električne energije u 2015. je ista kao i u S1, a nakon
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
2015. raste prema scenariju potrošnje energije iz Studije energetskog sektora u BiH, do 2020.
isUalso
covered
by policy, and guidelines
and
benchmarking
existenergije
for programmatic
support.
2025.
godini pretpostavljeno
je povećanje
proizvodnje
električne
za 20% u odnosu
na
Furthermore,
moves are
to strengthen
these
and to enact
legislation.
2015. Na Grafikonu
24. afoot
prikazane
su emisije
ugljendioksida
iz more
elektroenergetskog
sektora u BiH
za period 2010–2025. godine za S2. Prema S2 scenariju emisije ugljendioksida u 2015. godini su
iste kao
i u S1.
godine
emisije rastu
zbogaction
povećanja
električne energije
There
is atNakon
least a2015.
five-fold
justification
for early
in theproizvodnje
area of e-Accessibility:
i povećanja koeficijenta ugljendioksida elektroenergetske mreže u BiH (Grafikon 24). Povećanje
emisije ugljendioksida u periodu 2010-2025. prema S2 je oko 70%.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil
the promise intenzivno
of the Information
Society
to reduce
ratherizvora
than
S3 scenarij. Ovaj
scenarij
podrazumijeva
korištenje
potencijala
obnovljivih
energije
(OIE)
i
energetske
efikasnosti
(EE)
zbog
ulaska
BiH
u
Evropsku
šemu
trgovanja
emisijama
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
stakleničkih
ETS),marginalize
što podrazumijeva
i plaćanje emisijskih dozvola (djelomično ili
area isplinova
likely to(EU
further
these groups.
potpuno) za stakleničke plinove za elektroenergetski sektor. Ova mjera podstaknuće korištenje
nekarbonskih
izvoraaccess
energije.
su da
će private,
jedna emisiona
(za emisiju
1 toneofCO
)
2. Improving
to Predviđanja
services, public
and
to such dozvola
a significant
proportion
the
2
population
opens
significant
opportunities,
and can
help public
services
fulfil
12S ciljem
prikupljanja
ulaznih
podataka market/sales
za analizu potencijala
smanjenja emisije
stakleničkih
plinova,
odgovarajući
upitnici
su poslati
institucijama
i preduzećima u BiH. Popunjene upitnike su dostavila elektroenergetska
their
remit relevantnim
in a cost effective
manner.
preduzeća Elektroprivreda BiH i Elektroprivreda HZHB.
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for the marginalized
could
also
lead to improved
13Strateški
plan i program
razvoja elektroenergetskog
sektora Federacije
Bosne
i Hercegovine.
2
106
access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; it can1reduce
the(približnog
cost of web
service
and enhance the
koštati oko
25 eura. Sagorijevanjem
tone uglja
sastava
kaodevelopment,
što su bosanskohercegovački
ugljevi) nastaje
oko
1,3
tone
CO
.
To
znači
da
će
trošak
proizvodnje
električne
energije,
prema S3,
prospects for migrating2 web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
porasti za preko 30 eura po toni potrošenog uglja.14 Zbog toga se u S3 scenariju podrazumijeva
4. The earlier
action potencijala
is taken, theOIE.
easier
it is to
integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
iskorištavanje
ekonomskog
Prema
Prvom
nacionalnom
izvještaju
o klimatskimof
promjenama
ekonomski
MHE je 3.520 GWh/a, vjetroelektrana 1.950 GWh/a i drvne
e-Services
and topotencijal
lower the za
cost.
biomase 1.200 GWh/a. Pored toga, S3 podrazumijeva korištenje i prirodnog plina za proizvodnju
5. Pursuing
approaches
that followemisije
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist
in the
električne
energije zbog
manje specifične
ugljendioksida,
a nema povećanja
kapaciteta
of the development
of the
Information
Society plina
in theza
EU
convergence
different aspects
postrojenja
na ugalj. of
Iskorištavanje
ekonomskih
potencijala OIE
i korištenje
prirodnog
elektroenergetske
mreže
za
oko
dva
puta.
proizvodnju
energije
smanjit
će
koeficijent
emisije
CO
and SEE countries.
2
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Grafikon 24. Ukupne emisije CO2 iz elektroenergetskog sektora u BiH,
in the implementation of the
Inclusive
Information
Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
za period
2010–2025.
premaSociety
S1, S2 iPriority
S3 scenariju
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Proizvodnja
električne
energijefully
prema
S3 jewith
ista kao
prema of
S2.e-SEE
PremaAgenda+.
S3 scenariju emisije
priorities
of the project
are therefore
aligned
the itargets
CO2 u 2015. godini su iste kao i u S2 i S3. Nakon 2015. godine emisije opadaju zbog povećanja
učešća The
nekarbonskih
energije u ukupnoj
kao i prirodnog
plina e-SEE
(Grafikon
24).
project is izvora
being implemented
by theproizvodnji,
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
Smanjenje emisije ugljendioksida u periodu 2010– 2025. prema S3 je oko 24%.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
e-Governance
e-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
within the Social
PremaGroups
S1 i S2inscenariju
doći ćeand
do the
porasta
emisija
ugljendioksida
iz elektroenergetskog
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Theod
UNDP
Country
Office
in Sarajevo
is working
closely
sektora u BiH u periodu
2010- 2025,Sector.
za razliku
S3 prema
kojem
će doći
do značajnog
smanjenja
emisije,
za preko
20%Country
u odnosu
na 2010.
tri opisana
scenarija
i povećanje
with
the fellow
UNDP
Offices
in theSva
region,
while the
Office ofpodrazumijevaju
Senior ICT Advisor
at the BDP
energetske
efikasnosti
u
skladu
s
nacrtom
NEEAP-a
za
BiH.
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.
14Ovo je slučaj
plaćanja punog iznosa emisijskih dozvola. Nove članice Evropske unije će plaćati dio emisijskih dozvola
jedan određeni period.
107
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
4.1.1.3. Smanjenje emisije metana iz rudnika uglja
U BiH postoje određeni potencijali za smanjenje emisije metana iz rudnika uglja. Razvijena
je komercijalna tehnologija koja koristi ventilacijski zrak iz podzemnih rudnika uglja, ako je
koncentracija metana u ventilacijskom zraku između 0,2 i 1,2%, za proizvodnju energije. Smjesa
oksidira u hermetički zatvorenoj komori s keramičkom ispunom. Oslobođena se energija može
upotrijebiti za proizvodnju toplote i/ili električne energije. Tokom procesa oksidacije metan se
transformira
u ugljendioksid
i vodenu
Ova tehnologija
se potencijalno
možesections,
primijenitithe
u
This
section presents
an overview
of paru.
the UNCRPD,
its significance
and main
rudnicima
mrkog
uglja
u
centralnom
bosanskom
bazenu
(Zenica,
Kakanj,
Breza,
Abid
Lolić)
kao
i
u
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
rudniku Kamengrad. Prema dostupnim podacima, upotrebom opisane tehnologije u rudniku mrkog
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
uglja u Zenici mogla bi se smanjiti emisija od oko 100.000 tona ekvivalentnog ugljendioksida godišnje,
disability
in general
and
particular.
a u rudniku
u Brezi
doe-Accessibility
50.000 t CO2eqingodišnje
(Studija izvodljivosti primjene VAM tehnologije u
rudniku mrkog uglja Zenica, 2009). Procjene smanjenja emisije metana, izražene u ekvivalentnim
tonama SO2, za spomenute rudnike, kao i vrijednost certificiranog smanjenja emisija (Certified
Emission Reduction – CER), kredita i investicije potrebne za projekt prezentirane su u Tabeli 24.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience
when seeking
on equal terms
in the Information
Smanjenje
emisije to participate
CER kredit
Vrijednost
investicije
Rudnik
(GgCO2ekq/a)
(u mil. eura)
(u mil. eura)
Society.
Zenica
100
1,4
4,0
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Breza
50
0,7
2,5
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.
to 15 percent
of the emisije
population
across
the European
Union
has a disability,
such as a
Tabela 24.Up
Potencijalno
smanjenje
metana
u rudnicima
mrkog uglja
u centralnoj
Bosni, vrijednost
visual, hearing, speech,certificiranog
cognitive, or
motor impairment,
SEE countries
smanjenja
emisija i iznosand
potrebnih
investicija can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
Dakle, investicija po toni smanjene emisije CO2 za projekte smanjenja emisije metana iz
A perhaps
surprising
numberbazenu,
of international
agreements,
regulations
and
guidelines
rudnika
u centralnom
bosanskom
primjenom
VAM tehnologije
je oko
43,3
EUR/tCOcover
. Uz
2
this
area. Atcijenu
the highest
level,ovi
the
UNCRPD,
force insamo
2008,i is
očekivanu
CER-ainternational
od oko 20 eura,
projekti
bi seratified
isplatiliand
za coming
dvije dointo
tri godine
u
vrijednosti
Dodatni
projekte
prodaja energije
(toplotne i/ili
električne).
the
relevant CER-ova.
legal context.
No prihod
single za
EUove
directive
is je
dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but
actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
za and
smanjenje
emisija
stakleničkih
plinova iz support.
is4.1.1.4.Mjere
also covered by policy,
guidelines and
benchmarking
exist for programmatic
Furthermore, moves
are afoot to strengthen sektora
these and to enact more legislation.
elektroenergetskog
Mjereisi at
projekti
emisije stakleničkih
plinovainu the
BiHarea
trebaofrazmatrati
u kontekstu
There
least asmanjenja
five-fold justification
for early action
e-Accessibility:
održivog razvoja BiH. S tim u vezi, prioritetni su oni projekti i mjere koje doprinose zapošljavanju u
BiH i razvoju prioritetnih sektora kao što su rudarstvo, poljoprivreda itd. Nakon toga, prednost treba
1. It is worthwhile
in its
own right
improve
access toemisije.
servicesKoristi
to people
who are already
dati projektima
koji koštaju
najmanje
potojedinici
izbjegnute
od implementiranja
projekata
smanjenja emisija
plinovaofu the
BiH Information
po značaju su:
marginalized.
It helpsstakleničkih
fulfil the promise
Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area
is likely to zaposlenosti;
further marginalize these groups.
1. Povećanje
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
2. Dovođenje stranih investicija;
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their
remit in a
cost effective
manner.
3.Transfer
najboljih
raspoloživih
tehnologija (Best Available Technique - BAT);
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
108
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
it can
reduce the
cost
service
development,
and enhance the
4.
Povećanjepeople;
energetske
efikasnosti
(EE)
i naoftajweb
način
povećanje
konkurentnosti;
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
5. Dodatni prihod od smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova, i
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
6.Stjecanje
iskustva
o the
dostupnim
e-Services and
to lower
cost. opcijama za smanjenje emisije stakleničkih plinova u
svrhu razvoja regulative o klimatskim promjenama.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Mjere
za smanjenje
and SEE
countries. emisija stakleničkih plinova iz elektroenergetskog sektora:
-
Povećanje energetske efikasnosti postojećih postrojenja za proizvodnju i distribuciju električne energije;
1.2. About this report
-Izgradnja postrojenja za korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE);
The specific goals of this report are:
-Zamjena postojećih - starih termoenergetskih postrojenja novim najboljim raspoloživim
(BAT)
i tehnologijama,
što uključuje
specifičnuincluding
emisiju GHG;
1. totehnikama
outline the
international
context
regardingi manju
e-Accessibility
existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
-Korištenje biomase ili fosilnih goriva s manjom emisijom ugljendioksida po jedinici osloenergije;
2. tobođene
develop
a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
-Korištenje metana iz podzemnih rudnika uglja za proizvodnju energije.
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Treba
naglasiti
da primarni
4. to identify
good
practicescilj
in navedenih
the region;mjera, tj. projekata, nije samo smanjenje emisije
stakleničkih plinova, već paralelno i ekonomski razvoj i konkurentnost privrede BiH. BiH za sada
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
nema obavezu reguliranja emisije stakleničkih plinova, tako da smanjenje emisije stakleničkih
address
the benefit
obstacles
torealiziranje
e-Accessibility;
plinova predstavlja
dodatni
kroz
planiranih projekata.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
4.1.2.ThisObnovljivi
izvori energije u BiH
report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that
is beingHidroenergija
implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
4.1.2.1.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
hidroenergetskog
u BiHFund
čini njena
riječnathe
mreža.
Ukupna
dužina
vodotoka
UNDP’sOsnovu
Democratic
Governancepotencijala
Thematic Trust
to support
South
Eastern
Europe
region
(koji
pojedinačno duži
km) iznosi
oko 9.000Society
km, od Priority
čega naArea
granične
otpada oko
in
thesuimplementation
of od
the10
Inclusive
Information
of thevodotoke
e-SEE Agenda+,
the
930 km. Prosječna gustina riječne mreže u BiH iznosi oko 220 m/km2, pri čemu je prisutna izrazita
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
neravnomjernost za kontinentalni i mediteranski dio zemlje. Naime, prosječna gustina riječne mreže
priorities
of the project
therefore
aligned
the targets ofdijelu
e-SEEBiH
Agenda+.
2
u kontinentalnom
dijelu are
iznosi
oko 300fully
m/km
, dok with
u mediteranskom
iznosi manje od 30
m/km2. Značajne količine voda koje sudjeluju u slatkovodnom vodnom bilansu predstavljaju jezera u
The project Vodosnabdjevenost
is being implemented
by the
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE režima.
Initiative
Bosni i Hercegovini.
vodotoka
u BiH
je direktna funkcija
pluviometrijskog
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
existing knowledge,
andteoretski
resources.
Empowering
Na osnovu rezultata
provedenih
istraživanja
procijenjeno networks
je da ukupni
hidroenergetski
potencijal u BiH
iznosiin
oko
99.256 GWh godišnje,
tehničkiSecretariat
hidropotencijal
(oko 360 velikih
HE
Marginalised
Groups
e-Governance
and the e-SEE
are positioned
withini malih
the Social
koje
mogu
da
se
izgrade)
preko
23.500
GWh
godišnje
(Nikolić
et
al.
2009:10).
Navedeni
hidropotencijal
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
u suštini može se zasebno struktuirati na nivou hidroenergetskog potencijala velikih i malih vodotoka,
with
the fellow
Country
Officespodacima
in the region,
whileBiH
theekonomski
Office of Senior
ICT Advisor potencijal
at the BDP
odnosno
velikihUNDP
i malih
HE. Prema
iz INC-a
hidroenergetski
in
Newvodotoka
York is providing
expertise
and playing
an advisory
role.on
Government-appointed
velikih
u BiH iznosi
oko 18.000
GWh godišnje,
odnosno
za male vodotoke iznosimembers
oko 3.500of
GWhRegional
godišnje.e-Governance
Sadašnji nivo korištenja
tog potencijala
je okoact
40%
oko 7.182 GWh
godišnje.
the
Advisory Taskforce
(REGATA)
asiligovernment
Focal
Points Stepen
for their
iskorištenja
malih
hidroelektrana
je
i
dalje
vrlo
nizak
i
iznosi
oko
4,4%
raspoložive
snage
ili
5,7%
respective countries.
dostupne energije, iako se može konstatirati da su male hidroelektrane (HE) izvor obnovljive energije
koji se ocjenjuje kao visoko perspektivan u BiH.
109
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Slika 12.toRiječna
mrežasupport
u BiH for blind people to subtitling on
from websites for e-government services,
telephony
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Mogućnosti korištenja hidroenergetskog potencijala u BiH je, međutim, znatno ograničen
visual,
speech, cognitive,
or motor impairment,
SEE countries
can expect
to have a
zbog hearing,
nekontroliranog
procesa urbanizacije,
ekološkihand
problema
i ekonomskih
ograničenja.
similar
or higher
proportion.
Rezultati
istraživanja
sadržanih u studijama energetskog razvoja ukazuju da, zbog navedenih
razloga, iskoristivi dio ukupnog hidropotencijala iznosi oko 13.000 GWh godišnje ili oko 56,5 %.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
koji se
odnose nalevel,
korištenje
hidroenergije
u BiH
this area.Scenariji
At the highest
international
the UNCRPD,
ratified and
coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant
legal
No single
EU oblasti
directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions are
Osnova
zacontext.
izradu scenarija
u ovoj
se zasniva
na utvrđenim
činjenicamabut
o promjenama
spread
acrosstermičkom
areas suchi as
Television Without
Frontiers
(for subtitling),
Copyright promjene
Directive
u godišnjem
pluviometrijskom
režimu,
što praktično
znači da the
će klimatske
utjecati
na sve
sisteme upravljanja
vodama.Framework
Nepovoljna(for
činjenica
vezana
za integralnu
procjenu
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and the Telecoms
assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
utjecaja
klimatskih
promjena
na
postojeće
sisteme
hidropotencijala
odnosi
se
na
nepostojanje
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
jedinstvene strategije koja se odnosi na sve parametre vodnog bilansa i njegovog optimalnog
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
iskorištavanja. Navedena činjenica se negativno odražava kako na sistem prikupljanja i obrade
hidroloških podataka i njihove interpretacije, tako i s aspekta slijeda upravljanja i planiranja u
There vodoprivrednoj
is at least a five-fold
justification for
earlynaaction
the area of e-Accessibility:
cjelokupnoj
i hidroenergetskoj
oblasti
nivouinentiteta.
scenarij
se bazira
na utvrđenim
promjenama
u trendovima
godišnjeg
1.S1It is
worthwhile
in its own
right to improve
access to
services to people
whotermičkog
are alreadyi
pluviometrijskog režima, prema kojima će u narednom periodu doći do smanjenja unutargodišnje
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
količine padavina. Navedeni bi se trend sasvim sigurno negativno odrazio na postojeći ukupni
increase
the disadvantages
certain
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effortkoličina
in this
godišnji
vodni bilans,
odnosno došlo
bi dopopulations
dodatnog opadanja
postojećih
akumuliranih
is likelyi to
further marginalize
these groups.
voda u area
vodotocima
postojećim
hidroakumulacijama.
S obzirom da u ovom scenariju nije planirano
poduzimanje adekvatnih mjera u narednom periodu bi sasvim sigurno došlo i do smanjenja
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
ukupnih količina proizvedene električne energije. Kvantitativno određivanje smanjenja ukupnog
populationuopens
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and canscenarija,
help publicaliservices
fulfil
hidropotencijala
direktnoj
je zavisnosti
od primijenjenog
klimatskog
bi negativni
their efekt
remit svakako
in a cost bio
effective
manner.
energetski
izražen,
što će za posljedicu imati intenziviranje kompenzacijske
proizvodnje iz neobnovljivih izvora energije, sa značajnim porastom učešća fosilnih goriva.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
110
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
can reduce
the cost
of web
service
development,
andi entitetskim
enhance the
S2
scenarij sepeople;
bazira naitprimjeni
određenih
mjera
sadržanih
u različitim
državnim
strategijama
o
vodosnabdijevanju,
koje
bi
trebalo
napraviti
u
nekoliko
narednih
godina.
Svakako
da
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
će sve strategije osim definiranog trenda smanjenja ukupnih unutargodišnjih količina padavina i
4. The earlier
action isprema
taken,različitim
the easiergeografskim
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
development
njihovu prostornu
distribuciju
regijama.
To se, prijeinto
svega,
odnosi naof
održivo upravljanje
resursima
po slivnim oblastima na entiteskom nivou, koje uključuje niz
e-Services vodnim
and to lower
the cost.
mjera za uravnoteženi rad hidroenergetskih postrojenja po karakterističnim hidrološkim sezonama.
Pursuing
that follow
EU guidelines
and recommendations
assist in the
Navedeni5. pristup
bi approaches
rezultirao blagim
povećanjem
postojećeg
nivoa proizvodnjewill
hidroenergije.
aspects of
the development
of thevodnih
Information
Society
in the
EU
convergence
of nivo
different
Prema ovom
scenariju
energetskog
iskorištavanja
smanjenih
potencijala
raste
i na
osnovu povećanja
energetske
efikasnosti
hidroenergetskih
postrojenja
rekonstrukcijom
postojećih
and SEE countries.
i primjenom novih tehnologija za proizvodnju električne energije. Prema podacima iz INC-a za BiH
za ovaj scenarij je planirani rast proizvodnje hidroenergije MHE na oko 2.205 GWh, što bi rezultiralo
smanjenjem emisije stakleničkih plinova iz sektora energetike za oko 2.425 GgCO2eq.
1.2. About this report
S3 scenarij se zasniva na uključivanju Bosne i Hercegovine u Evropsku uniju tokom drugog
The
specific
goals of
this report
dijela
scenarijskog
perioda,
čimeare:
bi se u potpunosti primijenile sve smjernice sadržane u Direktivi o
vodama. To se, prije svega, odnosi na primjenu svih smjernica za integralno upravljanje vodama po
slivovima,
bi postojeće
entitetske sisteme
upravljanja
oblasnim
slivnim područjima
integriralo
u
1. što
to outline
the international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
including existing
legal
jedinstveni upravljački sistem. Rezultat primjene smjernica bi se sasvim sigurno odrazio na značajno
instruments and strategic level documents;
unapređenje svih aspekata gazdovanja vodama, posebno na nivou uravnoteženog korištenja vodnih
resursa 2.
u postojećim
hidroakumulacijama,
kako za
tako
i za
to develop ai planiranim
comparative
picture of e-Accessibility
forproizvodnju
able-bodiedhidroenergije
people versus
people
vodosnabdijevanje.
To posebno dolazi do izražaja u uvjetima recentnih klimatskih promjena i s tim
with disabilities;
u vezi sve učestalijih ekstremnih hidroloških događaja tako da potreba za organizacijom sigurnih
sistema 3.vodosnabdijevanja
i hidropotencijala
sve više and
rastu.
Prema ovomstakeholders;
scenariju integralno
to assess the current
level of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility
upravljanje
odrazit
će se pozitivno
na ukupni hidropotencijal i s tim u vezi na porast
4. tovodama
identify good
practices
in the region;
proizvodnje hidroenergije. Rezultat ovakvog pristupa bi bio povećanje proizvodnje hidroenergije na
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
nivou MHE na oko 3.600 GWh, odnosno ukupno smanjenje emisija od oko 3.960 GgCO2eq.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply
with requirements
for hidroenergetskog
the UN and EU. potencijala
Mjere
za
smanjenje
emisija u oblasti
-Izraditi integralne studije razvoja hidroenergetskih potencijala u BiH;
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
-Uraditi
katastar in
voda
identificirati
potencijalne
that is being
implemented
the icontext
of thezone
e-SEE
Initiative.opasnosti;
It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP
Country Office
in Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
supported
byutjecaja
DG/BDPvodne
NY, and
funded
the
-Zaštititi
od nekontrolirane
eksploatacije
i drugih
štetnih
resurse
od by
funUNDP’s Democratic
Governance
Fund to support
thenjihovu
South ranjivost,
Eastern Europe
region
damentalnog
značaja, Thematic
kao što suTrust
vodoizvorišta,
definirati
uključujući
i
izradu karata
od utjecaja
klimatskihSociety
promjena;
in the implementation
of rizika
the Inclusive
Information
Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
- Povećati efikasnost korištenja voda i uvesti sistem upravljanja potražnjom vode;
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
- Formirati institucije koje će biti nadležne za uspostavu suvremenog automatskog mjerThe no-upravljačkog
project is beingsistema
implemented
by the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
za kontrolirano
upravljanje vodnim
resursimae-SEE
i jedinstvenog
Secretariat,sistema
capitalizing
on their
existinginformacija
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
za razmjenu
hidroloških
između
različitih
institucija
koje se
bave vodnim
resursima.
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
4.1.2.2.Vjetroenergija
in
New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Jedan od vrlo izraženih energetskih potencijala Bosne i Hercegovine predstavlja vjetro­
respective
countries.
energija. Imajući
u vidu teritorijalni položaj BiH, kao i konfiguraciju zemljišta, potencijal energije
vjetra u BiH je razmatran u dvije geografske makroregije:
111
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Mediteranska BiH, gdje se pod utjecajem ciklogenetskih aktivnosti na putanji Vc, kombinirano
s reljefnim predispozicijama terena, obrazuje intenzivna regionalna cirkulacija;

Planinsko-kotlinska regija Bosne i Hercegovine, gdje ortografski faktor pozitivno utiče na
povećani intenzitet regionalne i lokalne cirkulacije.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Obje regije pružaju povoljne preduvjete za proizvodnju vjetroenergije, iako je mediteranska
makroregija s nešto izraženijim vjetropotencijalom. Jednu od reprezentativnih lokacija predstavlja
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
šire područje Podveležja, koje je svojim položajnim i reljefnim predispozicijama izuzetno pogodno
requirements
it sets
in all aspects of
and how
it is to be implemented.
is followed
za instalaciju
vjetroelektrana.
Zae-Accessibility
ozbiljnije analize
vjetropotencijala
na svimThis
potencijalnim
bylokacijama
a description
ofpotrebno
the major
instruments
actionsvjetropotencijala
at the European
Union
level
relating to
bit će
provesti
detaljnaand
mjerenja
kako
bi se
sa sigurnošću
moglo investirati
ovu e-Accessibility
oblast.
disability
in generalu and
in particular.
U određenim studijama koje su urađene za ovu oblast procijenjen je ekonomski potencijal
energije vjetra u BiH na oko 600 MW električne energije do 2020. god. Navedene procjene se
baziraju na uvođenje najsavremenih tehnologija za iskorištavanje potencijala vjetra uz odgovarajuće
prateće podsticajne
za proizvodnju
Prema
podacima
iz INC-aand
za BiH,
u
e-Accessibility
is aboutmjere
overcoming
the rangevjetroenergije.
of barriers that
people
with disabilities
others
periodu
1999-2004.
izvršeno
je preliminarno
istraživanje
i selekcija
lokacija za
such
as older
populations
experience
when seeking
to participate
on equalpotencijalnih
terms in the Information
proizvodnju vjetroenergije u BiH (ADEG projekat). Rezultatima projekta je identificirano 16 lokacija
Society.
pogodnih za rad vjetroelektrana, s procijenjenim ukupnim instaliranim kapacitetima od 720 do
950 MW, odnosno s procijenjenom godišnjom proizvodnjom od 1.440 do 1.950 GWh. S obzirom
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refer
to any type of ICT
used by citizens,
andadekvatne
involves everything
na procijenjene
instalirane
kapacitete
vjetronergetska
postrojenja
posjeduju
uvjete za
povezivanje
u
elektroenergetsku
mrežu.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Bez obzira na navedene podatke u Bosni i Hercegovini, osim na nekoliko testnih lokacija,
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
and SEE countries
can expect
have a
trenutno
ne postoji
nijedna
elektrana
na vjetar
koja je priključena
na postojeću
mrežutovisokog
similar
or higher
napona.
Prema proportion.
dostupnim podacima postoji određeni broj manjih elektrana na vjetar koje su
u funkciji proizvodnje električne energije za individualna domaćinstva, ali je njihov instalirani
kapacitet
zasigurno
mali i nije
dovoljno
dobar pokatatelj
za ocjenuregulations
ukupnih vjetropotencijala
BiH.
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
agreements,
and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Scenariji koji se odnose na korištenje vjetroenergije u BiH
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across
areasse
such
as Television
Without
Frontiers
(for subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
S1 scenarij
zasniva
na postojećem
trendu
iskorištenosti
vjetroenergetskih
potencijala
u
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and
the Telecoms
Framework
(forizassistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
BiH,
što praktično
znači da
proizvodnja
električne
energije
ovog energetskog
izvora
recentno ne
S obzirom
u S1 scenariju
nije predviđena
bilo kakva primjena
mjera,
efekti
ispostoji.
also covered
by da
policy,
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist forstimulativnih
programmatic
support.
ublažavanja klimatskih
pod utjecajem
BiH su
ravne nuli.
Furthermore,
moves are promjena
afoot to strengthen
thesevjetroenergije
and to enact umore
legislation.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
S2 scenarij podrazumijeva primjenu određenih stimulativnih mjera kojima bi se pokrenuo
There
is at least
a five-fold justification
for early
action
in svega
the area
of e-Accessibility:
proces iskorištavanja
vjetropotencijala
u BiH. Navedene
mjere
prije
trebaju
uključivati realiziranje
projekata za istraživanje vjetropotencijala određenih lokacija koje su, prema njihovim geografskih
karakteristikama,
ranije ocijenjene
potencijalno
mjereto
također
stimulirati
1. It is worthwhile
in its ownkao
right
to improveiskoristive.
access toOve
services
peopletrebaju
who are
already
kupovinu
i
izgradnju
suvremenih
vjetroelektrana
koje
mogu
funkcionirati
i
na
minimalnim
brzinama
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
vjetra. Uz uvjet primjene navedenih mjera može se očekivati proizvodnja vjetroenergije na nivou od oko
increase
the što
disadvantages
populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort
in this
1.600 GWh
godišnje,
bi rezultiralocertain
kompenzacijskim
smanjenjem
korištenja
neobnovljivih,
posebno
is likely
to further
marginalize
groups.
fosilniharea
goriva,
odnosno
smanjenjem
emisijathese
od oko
1.760 GgCO eq.
2
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
S3 scenarij uključuje primjenu standarda Evropske unije na nivou korištenja obnovljivih
opportunities,
andkojima
can help
public services
fulfil
izvora population
energije. S opens
tim u significant
vezi u BiH market/sales
bi bili dostupni
brojni fondovi
se financijski
podržava
theirtehničkih
remit in akapaciteta
cost effective
manner.
uspostava
i ovog
oblika proizvodnje energije. Prema rezultatima studije
energetskog sektora BiH, do kraja scenarijskog perioda proizvodni kapaciteti vjetroenergije bi
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
112
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
can reduce
cost of webdodatnim
service development,
enhance the
mogli narasti
do 2.400
GWhitgodišnje
što the
bi rezultiralo
potencijalom and
za ublažavanje
klimatskih
promjena
iz
energetskog
sektora
od
oko
2.600
GgCO
eq.
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms
such as mobile phones.
2
4. The earlier
action is taken,
the easier
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility into development of
Mjere
za podsticanje
povećanog
korištenja
vjetroenergije
e-Services and to lower the cost.
-Izrada studije vjetropotencijala na nivou dvije identificirane geografske makroregije u BiH
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
i s tim u vezi definiranje svih osnovnih pokazatelja po pojedinačnim izdvojenim lokacijama;
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
-Legislativna
i financijska stimulacija proizvodnje ekološki čistih oblika energije, među koje
spada i vjetroenergija;
Podrška projektima
za cilj imaju nabavku najsuvremenijih vjetroelektrana i s tim u
1.2.-About
thiskojireport
vezi uspostavu vjetroparkova;
The specific
goals ofprojektima
this reportkoji
are:
- Podrška
za cilj imaju educiranje i transfer znanja sa svih aspekata održivog
korištenja vjetroenergije;
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
-Legislativno
prilagođavanje pravila priključenja na mrežu za obnovljive
instruments andharmoniziranje
strategic leveli documents;
izvore energije.
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
4.1.2.3.Bioplin
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. toima
identify
good
practices
in za
theuzgoj
region;
BiH
odlične
prirodne
uvjete
stočarstva i odličnu ekonomsku osnovu za korištenje
toproizvodnju
develop a set
of recommendations
for government
other
stakeholders
on howod
to:
stajnjaka5.za
bioplina.
Mogućnost za korištenje
tečnog i and
čvrstog
stajnjaka,
koji je nastao
registriranog
stočnog
fonda
s farmi u BiH,
da proizvodi bioplin, je način koji omogućava ublažavanje
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
klimatskih
poljoprivredni
potencijal
biomase (20.100.000 m3) u BiH
- promjena.
complyEnergetski
with requirements
for the
UN and dostupne
EU.
za proizvodnju bioplina iz stajnjaka na stočnim farmama je 0,508 PJ. Na osnovu podataka o stočnom
fondu 2010. i 2011. god., izračunata je potencijalna proizvodnja bioplina u BiH 800.000 do 850.000
m3/dan. U BiH je urađeno (projektirano i izgrađeno) samo jedno bioplin-postrojenje. Instalirana
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
električna snaga spomenutog postrojenja je 35 kW, a toplotna 70 kW i na godišnjem nivou se očekuje
that
is being290.000
implemented
in the context
e-SEE
is a regional project designed by
proizvodnja
kW električne
energijeofi the
560.000
kWInitiative.
toplotne It
energije.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
koji
se odnoseThematic
na korištenje
bioplina
u BiHthe South Eastern Europe region
UNDP’sScenariji
Democratic
Governance
Trust Fund
to support
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
S1 scenarij je scenarij bez poduzimanja migracijskih mjera, što znači da se ne očekuje
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
povećanje korištenja energije iz modernih oblika biomase poput bioplina, jer su cijene energije
priorities
of the
projectnekonkurentne
are therefore fully
aligned
the targets
e-SEEkonvencionalne
Agenda+.
iz tih izvora
još uvijek
u odnosu
nawith
tehnologije
kojeofkoriste
izvore
energije. Ovim scenarijem se ne podrazumijeva uvođenje bilo kakvih promjena u postojećim
The project
is being
implemented
by ithe
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
trendovima
stope porasta
broja
životinja kao
unosa
azotnih đubriva
na obradivim
površinama.
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on theirjeexisting
knowledge,
and resources.
Značajno obilježje
ovog scenarija
i relativno
nizak nivo networks
zainteresiranosti
i aktivnostiEmpowering
državnih i
entitetskih institucija
energetskom
Marginalised
Groups uinovom
e-Governance
and podsektoru.
the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
S2 scenarij se, s obzirom na vrlo mali postojeći udio bioplina, bazira na aktivnostima koje
with
the
fellow na
UNDP
Country Offices
in the region,
while
the Office of
Senior ICT Advisor
at the BDP
su fokusirane
implementiranje
sistema
za njegovo
sakupljanje
i sagorijevanje
na farmama
u
in
New
York is providing
expertise
and playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members
BiH.
Najvažnije
odlike ovog
scenarija
su: postepeno
uvođenje
novih tehnologija (orijentacija
kaof
OIE,Regional
većoj primjeni
OIE i bioplina),
proizvodnje
potrošnje
energije
naPoints
farmama
za
the
e-Governance
Advisory planiranje
Taskforce (REGATA)
acti as
government
Focal
for their
zadovoljavanje
potreba
za
grijanjem
prostorija,
sušenje
sijena,
žitarica,
povrća
itd.,
proizvodnja
respective countries.
bioplina u jednostavnim pogonima i korištenje bioplina za pokrivanje značajnog dijela energetskih
potreba domaćinstava čak kod malog broja stoke (korištenje mini pogona).
113
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
S3 scenarij je zasnovan na visokom stepenu aktivnosti za ublažavanje klimatskih promjena
koji se sprovode na različitim nivoima vlasti – od državnih do entitetskih. Očekuje se intenzivnija
upotreba bioplina za proizvodnju toplotne i električne energije, što će se pokazati kao vrlo isplativo
zahvaljujući poboljšanju opreme koja se koristi u te svrhe. Bioplin iz poljoprivrede (stočarstvo)
je značajan izvor energije u scenariju s mjerama S2 i S3. Radi se o kogeneracijama za koje se
pretpostavlja efikasno lociranje (proizvodnja električne i korištenje toplote). Sva proizvodnja
električne energije se predaje u mrežu, tako da se njen udio ne može podijeliti prema kategorijama
nego ukupno. Toplota iz poljoprivrednih postrojenja se daje u područno grijanje ruralnih sredina.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Ukupno instalirane snage postrojenja kogeneracija na bioplin iz poljoprivrede (stočarstva) u RS
requirements
in all aspects
e-Accessibility
and how it is
to be implemented.
This
followed
su definiraneit ssets
dvostruko
većim of
snagama
po petogodišnjim
periodima.
Po analogiji
suisdefinirani
byplanovi
a description
of the major
instruments
and actions
at the
European Union
level
relating na
to
i za Federaciju
BiH, odnosno
u narednoj
Tabeli 25.
su prezentirane
ukupne
vrijednosti
nivou cijele
BiH. and e-Accessibility in particular.
disability
in general
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Proizvodnja
1.1. Why
e-Accessibility?
Instalirana
BiH
električne energije
Proizvodnja
toplotne energije
snaga (MW)
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers
people
with disabilities
others
(GWhthat
/god)
(PJ/god.)
(GWh /god)and
(PJ/god)
such
as older
populations experience when2,5
seeking to participate
on equal terms in11,17
the Information
Ukupno
do 2015.
5,77 (0,02)
(0,04)
Society.
Ukupno do 2020.
5
11,54 (0,04)
22,34 (0,08)
Ukupno do 2025.
7,5
17,31 (0,06)
33,51 (0,12)
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Tabela 25. Ukupno instalirane snage u poljoprivredi postrojenja kogeneracija na bioplin u BiH.
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar orMjere
higherzaproportion.
podsticanje povećanog korištenja bioplina u BiH
mjere za podsticanje
bioplina
zahtijevaju
da se ulaže
poljoprivrednu
A Osnovne
perhaps surprising
number of korištenja
international
agreements,
regulations
and uguidelines
cover
proizvodnju,
kroz
politiku
ruralnog
razvoja.
Primjena
ovakvih
mjera
rezultirat
će
energetskim
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
uštedama u ogrjevnom drvetu, električnoj energiji, toplotnoj energiji isporučenoj daljinskim
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
grijanjem i posebno u energiji fosilnih goriva. S druge strane, povećano je korištenje i biomase
spread
across
areas such as Television
(for energije.
subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
(i bioplina)
u kogeneracijskoj
proizvodnjiWithout
toplotneFrontiers
i električne
U industriji
su spomenuta
(for
copyright exemptions),
and the
Telecoms Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
poboljšanja
predviđena kroz
energetske
mjere smanjenjem
intenziteta
potrošnje
električne
energije
i
korisne
toplotne
energije,
povećanje
stepena
efikasnosti
tehnologija
za
proizvodnju
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
toplotne energije,
proizvodnji
i električne
energije, pri čemu je
Furthermore,
movespovećanje
are afootkogeneracije
to strengthenuthese
and totoplotne
enact more
legislation.
kao gorivo predviđena i biomasa (uključujući bioplin). Energetske uštede, kao rezultat primjene
mjera u industriji, prikazane su u Tabeli 26.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It(sisbioplinom)
worthwhile in its own right2010.
to improve access
people who are
already
Biomasa
2015.to services to
2020.
2025.
marginalized.
It helps
of the Information
Society
Uštede
energije u industriji
(PJ)fulfil the promise
0,049
0,608
1,114to reduce rather
0,506 than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area
likely
to further
marginalize
these
groups.biomase (s bioplinom) za kogeneraciju
Tabelais26.
Energetske
uštede
u industriji
korištenjem
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Prema scenariju s mjerama - S3, potrošnja finalne energije u industriji bi do 2025. godine
remitnego
in a cost
manner.bi se potrošnja električne energije smanjila za oko 7%.
bila za their
9% manja
u S2.effective
U istom periodu
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
114
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
4.1.2.4.
Sunčeva
energija
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Rezultati istraživanja o mogućnosti korištenja Sunčeve energije za proizvodnju toplote –
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
pomoću solarnih kolektora za 15 gradova u BiH, kao i za proizvodnju električne energije, pokazuje
e-Services
and
to lower thepodataka
cost.
opravdanost
. Iz svih
prikupljenih
i provedenih analiza može se zaključiti kako postoji
značajan potencijal primjene solarne energije na području BiH, koji iznosi 70,5 mil. GWh doznačene
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
energije ukupnog solarnog zračenja godišnje. Tehnički potencijal je 685 PJ, a to je oko tri puta
aspectspotreba
of the development
of the
Information
Society
in the EU
convergence
of different
više od ukupnih
primarnih
energetskih
u energetskom
bilansu
BiH. Prema
rezultatima
and mogućeg
SEE countries.
proračuna
stepena pokrivanja toplotnih potreba za pripremu tople potrošne vode za
prosječno domaćinstvo, oko 74% toplotnih potreba za pripremu tople potrošne vode u RS, odnosno
78% u BiH, može biti pokriveno iz solarnih kolektora]. Stepen pokrivanja potreba za grijanjem
zavisi od toplotne izolacije objekta, ali u prosjeku se kreće oko 30%. Procjene su da bi solarna
energija mogla podmiriti oko 5% potreba za energijom u BiH. Ljeti bi se moglo obezbijediti 80%
potreba za toplom vodom, a zimi između 35 i 50%. Procjene su da u BiH trenutno ima oko 7.000 m2
The specific goals of this report are:
instaliranih kolektora, a da je godišnje povećanje oko 28%.
1.2. About this report
1. to outline
context regarding
Scenariji
kojithe
se international
odnose na korištenje
solarne e-Accessibility
energije u BiHincluding existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
S1 scenarij ne podrazumijeva uvođenje značajnijih promjena vezano za sadašnji trend
2. to
develop
a comparative
picture
e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
people
korištenja
solarne
energije,
odnosno
stanjeofprema
kojem solarna
energija neće
bitiversus
korištena
u
with disabilities;
većem stepenu.
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
S2 scenarij i S3 scenarij. U BiH je počela inicijativa za korištenje i proizvodnji opreme. Cijene
4. tona
identify
good
practices
region; zemalja i dalekog istoka. Ukoliko posmatramo
se baziraju
osnovu
onih
iz uvoza,inizthe
zapadnih
2
5. tosistem
develop
of recommendations
for government
andseother
stakeholders
howdo
to:
standardni
od a4 set
m cijena
kompletnog sistema
s montažom
procjenjuje
na okoon
3.500
4.000 eura.
se da
solarnih kolektora do 2020. god. naraste na 50.000
- Očekuje
address
theinstalirana
obstacles površina
to e-Accessibility;
2
m2, što bi
bilo
oko
12,5
m
na
1.000
stanovnika.
Ukoliko
se počnu
comply with requirements for the UN and
EU. primjenjivati mjere sufinanciranja
s obzirom na postojeće potencijale, možemo očekivati do 2025. godine pokrivenost u iznosu oko
200.000 m2, tj. oko 42.000 domaćinstava, što iznosi oko 11% od ukupnog broja domaćinstava.
Primjena ove tehnologije, posmatrajući njenu isplativost, je najpoželjnija u objektima koji se koriste
This report
is part
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
cijelu godinu
u svim
aspektima
boravka
tj. korištenja
potrošne
tople vode.
Ukoliko
govorimo o
that
is being
implemented
in the
context
of the
e-SEEumirovljenika
Initiative. It iste
a regional
javnim
objektima
to su, prije
svega,
bolnice,
domovi
sportski project
objekti designed
ukoliko seby
koriste
cijelu
godinu.
Kod privatnih
to su porodične
kuće koje
imaju minimalno
pet članova
the
UNDP
Country
Office
in Bosniaobjekata
and Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
NY, and funded
by the
domaćinstva,
bilo
postojeći
ili
novi
objekti.
Kod
višestambenih
zgrada
primjena
ove
tehnologije
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
isplativa je samo u slučaju centraliziranog sistema pripreme potrošne tople vode. Ukoliko postoji
in
the implementation
the Inclusive
Information
Society
Prioritystanu
Area of
the e-SEE
Agenda+,ovu
the
pojedinačna
priprema,ofnaknadni
radovi
i instalacija
u svakom
uvelike
poskupljuju
regional
action
plan for
Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
tehnologiju
što dovodi
do Information
njene neisplativosti.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Mjere za podsticanje povećanog korištenja solarne energije u BiH
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
S obzirom
da trenutno
u BiHexisting
ne postoje
kapaciteti za
proizvodnju
energije,
moguće
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
knowledge,
networks
andsolarne
resources.
Empowering
je
primjenom
većeg
broja
različitih
mjera
pokrenuti
njenu
proizvodnju.
Korištenje
solarnih
ćelija
za
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
proizvodnju električne energije u BiH još uvijek nije primijenjeno. Sunčevi kolektori su analizirani za
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
The UNDP
Country
Office in iSarajevo
is working
closely
sisteme centralnog grijanja
na lož ulje,
električnu
energiju,
UNP spremnik
prirodni plin,
gdje kolektor
with
the fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices inenergiju
the region,
while
theinvesticije
Office of Senior
ICTkolektore
Advisor at
the BDP
zamjenjuje
klasični
bojler
na električnu
za PTV.
Zbog
u solarne
dolazi
do
povećanja
ukupnih
godišnjih
troškova
posmatranog
sistema,role.
pri čemu
je najveće povećanjemembers
godišnjegof
in
New York
is providing
expertise
and
playing an advisory
Government-appointed
troška
(u kućama
s centralnimAdvisory
grijanjem
u hladnoj (REGATA)
zoni) imalaact
kombinacija
kotlovaFocal
za centralno
the
Regional
e-Governance
Taskforce
as government
Pointsgrijanje
for their
i PTV na električnu energiju i kolektora (5,1%), slijedi prirodni plin i kolektor (5,0%), UNP spremnik
respective countries.
i kolektor (3,0%) i loživo ulje i kolektor (2,9%). Najveća ušteda je dobijena u kombinaciji kotlova za
centralno grijanje i PTV na električnu energiju i kolektora (5,4%). Intenzivnijom izgradnjom solarnih
115
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
ćelija može se očekivati da će do kraja 2025. godine instalirana snaga fotovoltičnih sistema po glavi
stanovnika u BiH, odnosno ukupno 60 MW instalirane snage sistema. Tehnološki razvoj solarnih ćelija
se kreće u dva smjera – razvoj solarnih ćelija visoke efikasnosti transformacije Sunčevog zračenja u
električnu energiju i razvoj tzv. low-cost solarnih ćelija.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Primjena navedenih mjera rezultira uštedama energije i to ogrjevnog drveta, električne
energije, toplotne energije isporučene daljinskim grijanjem te fosilnih goriva. S druge strane
povećano je korištenje Sunčeve energije (Tabela 27). Prema scenariju s mjerama - S3, potrošnja
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
finalne energije u industriji bi do 2025. godine bila za 9% manja nego u baznom scenariju – S1. U
requirements
it sets in all
aspectselektrične
of e-Accessibility
how it za
is to
be7%.
implemented.
This is followed
istom bi se razdoblju
potrošnja
energijeand
smanjila
oko
Primjena solarne
energije
byu adomaćinstvima
description ofdo
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
2025. godine bi se trebala povećati za pet puta.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
Sunčeva energija - u industriji
0,000
0,011
Uštede energije (PJ)
2010.
2015.
2020.
2025.
0,029
0,047
0,015
0,028
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Sunčeva energija - u
0,000seeking to participate
0,009
0,056
0,103
such
as older populations experience when
on equal
terms in the Information
domaćinstvima
Society.
Sunčeva energija- u uslugama
0,001
0,002
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Tabela 27. Uštede energije u važnijim oblastima potrošnje, korištenjem solarne energije (u PJ)
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.UUp
to 15 na
percent
the population
the European
Union
has azadisability,
such as ua
odnosu
bazni of
scenarij
povećanoacross
je i korištenje
Sunčeve
energije
toplotne potrebe
uslužnom
sektoru,
u
iznosu
od
2,8%
korisnih
potreba
do
2025.
godine.
Također
je
pretpostavljeno
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
ubrzanije
povećanje
stepena djelovanja pretvaranja finalne energije u korisnu toplotnu energiju.
similar
or higher
proportion.
Rezultat predviđanja za usluge u scenariju s mjerama je smanjene finalne potrošnje do 2025. godine
do 9%. Za električnu energiju je to oko 6%, a daljinsko grijanje i fosilna goriva za toplotne potrebe
A perhaps
number
international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
bi se smanjila
dosurprising
10%. U odnosu
naofS1,
korištenje Sunčeve
energije
bi se povećalo
nešto više
od
this
the highest
international
the UNCRPD,
ratified
comingzainto
force in
2008, is
dvaarea.
puta.AtKorištenje
Sunčeve
energijelevel,
u sektoru
zgradarstva
bi seand
povećalo
toplotne
potrebe
u
ovom
sektoru
u
iznosu
od
5
%
korisnih
potreba
do
2025.
godine.
Primjena
SE
u
domaćinstvima
do
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
2025. godine
bi se as
povećati
neštoWithout
više od Frontiers
tri puta. (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
spread
across trebala
areas such
Television
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
4.1.2.5.Geotermalna energija
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima ustanovljeno je da se oko 25% teritorije BiH smatra potencijalnim
resursom
trojakog for
oblika:
sistemi,
geopresirane zone i
Theregeotermalnim
is at least a five-fold
justification
early hidrotermalni
action in the area
of e-Accessibility:
tople suhe stijene. Ova područja pokrivaju uglavnom centralni i sjeverni dio BiH. Od spomenuta tri
oblika resursa najveću pažnju privlače hidrotermalni sistemi, jer je njihova eksploatacija najrazvi1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
jenija i najjeftinija u odnosu na ostala dva oblika. Sabiranjem potencijala RS i FBiH izračunata je
It helps
fulfilgeotermalnih
the promisepojava
of the uInformation
Society to reduce rather than
ukupnamarginalized.
toplotna snaga
i energija
Bosni i Hercegovini.
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Ukupni
mogući
instalirani
kapacitetthese
geotermalnih
area
is likely
to further
marginalize
groups. izvora na 42 lokacije je 9,25 MWt, ako se
posmatra samo mogućnost grijanja prostora, odnosno 90,2 MWt ako se posmatra geotermalna
2. Improving
to services,
public
and private, potrebe.
to such aUz
significant
of the
energija
za grijanje access
prostora
i rekreativne
i balneološke
korištenjeproportion
svih navedenih
significant
and can
help public
services
fulfil
izvora spopulation
faktorom opens
iskorištenja
od 0,5market/sales
moguće je daopportunities,
se u jednoj godini
proizvede
145,75
TJ energije
samo za
grijanje
their
remitprostora,
in a cost odnosno
effective ukupno
manner.1.421,75 TJ energije ako se posmatra zajedno grijanje
prostora i kupanje.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
116
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can na
reduce
the cost
of web service
development,
Scenariji
koji
se odnose
korištenje
geotermalne
energije
u BiH and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Scenariji koji se odnose na korištenje geotermalne energije su uglavnom zasnovani na
4. The rezervama
earlier action
the easier
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development of
procijenjenim
kaoisi taken,
tehnološkim
mogućnostima
za njenu
eksploataciju.
e-Services and to lower the cost.
S1 scenarij se zasniva na postojećim trendovima potencijalnog korištenja geotermalne
Pursuing
approaches
that followpotencijala
EU guidelines
recommendations
assist
in the
energije5.
bez
posebnih
dodatnih istraživanja
i bezand
promjene
dosadašnjeg will
odnosa
prema
aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
convergence
of different
ovom energentu
(Tabela
28).
and SEE countries.
S1 scenarij
2010.
1.2. About this report
0,0
Geotermalna
The
specific goals of this report are:
energija
0,0
2015.
2020.
2025.
Potrošnja GE (u PJ)
0,05
0,08
0,9
Udio GE u strukturi OIE (u %)
0,16
0,17
0,18
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
Tabela 28. Potrošnja GE u BiH u scenariju S1
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Najveći
porast potrošnje geotermalne energije pretpostavlja se u S1 scenariju, u periodu
with disabilities;
2015-2020. i iznosi oko 2,5%.
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
S2
i S3identify
scenarij
se baziraju
na in
uvođenju
modela podrške, gdje su glavne aktivnosti fokusirane
4. to
good
practices
the region;
na implementiranju
sistema na nivou
cijele BiH. Uand
obaother
scenarija
su dati pokazatelji
5. to develophidrotermalnih
a set of recommendations
for government
stakeholders
on how to:
finalne potrošnje energije zajedno s prosječnim godišnjim stopama porasta odnosno smanjenja
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
u petogodišnji periodima i udjeli oblika energije u finalnoj potrošnji. U strukturi energenata za
- električne
comply energije
with requirements
for the
UN and EU.
proizvodnju
u S2 i S3 nema
geotermalne
energije kao učesnika-energenta iako
postoje uvjeti za to, odnosno na nekim lokacijama su ponuđeni i koncesionari (Tabele 29 i 30).
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that isS2
being
implemented in 2010.
the context of the e-SEE
a regional project2025.
designed by
scenarij
2015. Initiative. It is
2020.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Potrošnja GE (u PJ)
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund
to support the South Eastern Europe region
0,0
0,04Society Priority Area
0,06 of the e-SEE Agenda+,
0,06
inGeotermalna
the implementation of the Inclusive
Information
the
energija action plan for Information Society development,
regional
and OIE
the (u
UNCRPD.
The programmatic
Udio GE u strukturi
%)
priorities of the project are therefore
fully aligned0,1
with the targets of0,2
e-SEE Agenda+. 0,2
0
Tabela 29. Struktura GE u BiH prema S2 scenariju
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Scenarij
ublažavanja
S3 s primijenjenim
mjerama
je veomaare
bitan
s obzirom
na predviđen
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
Secretariat
positioned
within
the Social
program
ulaska
BiH
u
EU
između
2015.
i
2020.
godine
ili
preuzimanje
obaveza
smanjenja
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is workingemisija
closely
GHG. Po S2 i S3 je pretpostavljena značajna zastupljenost korištenja geotermalnog resursa pomoću
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
toplotnih pumpi u sektoru domaćinstva.
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
117
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
S3 scenarij
2010.
2015.
2020.
2025.
Potrošnja GE (u PJ)
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Geotermalna
energija
0,0
0,04
0,06
0,07
Udio GE u strukturi OIE (u %)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,3
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Tabela 30. Struktura GE u BiH prema S3 scenariju
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability Mjere
in general
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
za podsticanje
povećanog
korištenja geotermalne energije u BiH
Bosna i Hercegovina sve više prepoznaje značaj svojih geotermalnih resursa. Za ozbiljniji
pristup ovom
energentu
bit će potrebni dodatni istražni radovi na svim bušotinama koja pokazuju
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
potencijal za energetsku proizvodnju. S obzirom da je specifična investicija u geotermalna
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
barriers
that energentima
people with disabilities
and others
postrojenja u ovom
trenutku
visoka,the
a darange
je BiHofbogata
drugim
i oblicima energije,
ne
such
as older
populationselektrične
experience
when seeking
to participate
equal terms
in the Information
predviđa
se proizvodnja
energije
iz geotermalnih
izvoraon
u narednom
dvadesetogodišnjem
periodu, iako je to još uvijek neizvjesno tvrditi, s obzirom na započete radove i uložene domaće i
Society.
strane investicije. Ipak, u slučaju donošenja zakonodavnog okvira kojim bi se podsticala proizvodnja
električne energije iz ovog izvora postoji mogućnost da se poboljša ekonomska isplativost takvih
e-Accessibility
can
potentially
refer
to any typetakvih
of ICTpostrojenja.
used by citizens, and involves everything
projekata,
a onda bi se
mogla
očekivati
i izgradnja
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
4.2.Daljinsko grijanje
4.2.1.
Pregled
postojećeg
stanja
u sektoru
A perhaps
surprising
number of international
agreements,
regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the
highest international
level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
daljinskog
grijanja
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Na teritoriji
daljinskog
grijanja
uglavnom
susubtitling),
skoncentrirani
u većim gradovima.
spread across
areas BiH
suchsistemi
as Television
Without
Frontiers
(for
the Copyright
Directive
Prema
raspoloživim
podacima,
trenutno
u
BiH
egzistira
25
poduzeća
(12
u
RS
i
13
u
FBiH)
koja se
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
bave snabdijevanjem potrošača toplotnom energijom, odnosno 29 sistema daljinskog grijanja (s
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
obzirom da u okviru UNIS Energetika d.o.o. Sarajevo posluju tri sistema daljinskog grijanja u Sarajevu,
Furthermore,
movesTravniku).
are afootPrema
to strengthen
these
and togod.
enact
more legislation.
Travniku i Novom
podacima
iz 2008.
(ESSBiH,
Modul 1B, 2008) daljinskim
grijanjem je obuhvaćeno oko 12% domaćinstava u BiH. U međuvremenu su s radom započela dva
nova poduzeća
daljinskog
grijanja justification
u Gradačcu for
i Livnu,
s radom
treba
započeti
i toplana u Novom
There is at
least a five-fold
earlyaaction
in the
area
of e-Accessibility:
Travniku. Kako su instalirani toplotni kapaciteti novih toplana relativno mali u odnosu na one koji su
već radili (manje od 3 %), smože se smatrati da se procenat domaćinstava obuhvaćenih daljinskim
1. Ituis
worthwhile innije
itsznačajnije
own rightpromijenio.
to improveNovije
access
to services
peopledaljinskog
who are already
grijanjem
međuvremenu
analize
stanja to
sistema
grijanja
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil the Republike
promise of
the Information
Society
to i reduce
ratherplanu
than
su navedene
u Planu razvoja
energetike
Srpske
do 2030. godine
(2010)
u Strateškom
i programu
razvoja
sektora
(2009). Međutim,
navedeniinsufficient
dokumenti effort
su najvećim
increase
the energetskog
disadvantages
certainFBiH
populations
face. Conversely,
in this
dijelomarea
samo
konstatirali
stanje
koje
je
utvrđeno
Studijom
energetskog
sektora
BiH,
Modul
9 –
is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Gradsko centralno grijanje iz 2008.god. Općenito, u većini poduzeća daljinskog grijanja, posebno u
2. Improving
access
to services,
and private,
such (npr.
a significant
of the
RS-u, toplane
i oprema
koja im
pripada supublic
stari između
25 i 30togodina
u Banjoj proportion
Luci, kao drugom
najvećem
sistemu opens
daljinskog
grijanjamarket/sales
u BiH, prosječna
starost kotlova
je oko
godina)
i nalaze
se
population
significant
opportunities,
and can
help35public
services
fulfil
na kraju
svog
eksploatacijskog
vijeka
što
uvjetuje
da
ovi
sistemi
rade
s
niskom
efikasnošću,
te
u
ovim
their remit in a cost effective manner.
sistemima postoje značajni gubici toplotne energije koji u pojedinim slučajevima dostižu vrijednost i
Improving
for the marginalized
alsoalilead
to improved
access
for
do 60%.3.Poslije
rata jee-Accessibility
bilo nekoliko rekonstrukcija
postojećihcould
sistema,
su značajnije
izvedene
samo
2
118
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
it cansistema
reduce izvršene
the cost samo
of webnajnužnije
service development,
enhance
the
u Sarajevu,
dok su u people;
većini drugih
rekonstrukcijeand
s ciljem
da se
obezbijedi
minimum
funkcioniranja
sistema
daljinskog
grijanja.
Jedan
od
velikih
problema
je
i
naplata
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
računa za isporučenu toplotnu energiju, odnosno formiranje cijene te energije. Iako se nivo naplate
4. isporučenu
The earlier toplotnu
action is energiju
taken, the
easierposljednjih
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
development
računa za
povećao
nekoliko
godina, zboginto
teške
ekonomskeof
situacijee-Services
cijena isporučene
toplotne
and to lower
theenergije
cost. nije ekonomska a poslovanje velikog broja poduzeća se
odvija uz općinske subvencije. Ovo onemogućava zadovoljavajuće održavanje postojećih sistema, a
Pursuing approaches
that
follow EU iguidelines
and sistema
recommendations
will assist in the
posebno5.onemogućava
investicije u
nadogradnju
modernizaciju
daljinskog grijanja.
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Studijom
energetskog sektora u Republici Srpskoj iz 2010. god. je, pored ostalih, detaljno
and SEE countries.
analiziran razvoj sistema daljinskog grijanja u Republici Srpskoj do 2030. godine za sva tri
emisiona scenarija. U skladu s preporukama iz Prostornog plana Republike Srpske do 2015.
godine, predviđeno je veće učešće alternativnih izvora energije za grijanje gradova (drvni otpad,
geotermalna energija, energija sunca i sl.), kao i rekonstrukcija većih toplifikacionih sistema
uvođenjem kogeneracije ali i modernizacija postojećih sistema. S obzirom da za Federaciju BiH
The
specificnoviji
goalsscenariji
of this report
are:
ne postoje
razvoja
sistema daljinskog grijanja, osim onih prezentiranih u Studiji
energetskog sektora BiH, Modul 9 – Gradsko centralno grijanje iz 2008. godine, oni su za Federaciju
BiH razrađeni
na osnovu
o proizvodnji
energije
u Federaciji
BiH (Federalni
zavod
1. to outline
the podataka
international
context toplotne
regarding
e-Accessibility
including
existing
legal
za statistiku, Statistički godišnjak 2011) u 2010. godini, kao i na osnovu podataka koje su dostavili
instruments and strategic level documents;
sistemi daljinskog grijanja u Gradačcu i Livnu (koji nisu bili obuhvaćeni tim izvještajem) i u skladu
s tri scenarija
razvojaafinalne
potrošnje
energije
iz Republike Srpske.
2. to develop
comparative
picture
of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Svi scenariji predviđaju toplifikaciju daljnjih gradskih četvrti i širenje toplotnih mreža (Tabeli
31, Grafikon
Ostale
su: and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
3. to 25).
assess
thepojedinačne
current levelkarakteristike
of e-Accessibility
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Sva tri scenarija su na nivou razvoja finalne potrošnje energije:
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
- scenarij
address
the obstacles
e-Accessibility;
S1
potrošnje
energije jeto
bez
ulaganja u nove tehnologije i bez primjene dodatnih mjera;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
S2 scenarij potrošnje energije uključuje primjenu određenih mjera smanjenja potrošnje energije;
1.2. About this report
S3 scenarij
energije
u uvjetima
intenzivnogGroups
ekonomskog
razvoja i
This
report isuključuje
part of a potrošnju
larger project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
in e-Governance’,
ulaganjima
u
nove
tehnologije.
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
ScenarijSociety
S1
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information
Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional
action plan for Information Society
development,
and the UNCRPD.
Admin. jedinica
2010.
2015.
2020. The programmatic
2025.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Republika Srpska
1.753
2.240
2.580
2.885
Federacija
4.678
5.486
6.294
TheBiH
project is being implemented3.926
by the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
Bosna i Hercegovina
5.680
9.180
Secretariat,
capitalizing on their existing
knowledge, 6.918
networks and8.067
resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Scenarij S2
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Admin.
2015.
2020.
with
the jedinica
fellow UNDP Country Offices in the2010.
region, while the
Office of Senior
ICT Advisor2025.
at the BDP
inRepublika
New YorkSrpska
is providing expertise and playing
an advisory2.152
role. Government-appointed
members
of
1.753
2.289
2.385
the
Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce
(REGATA)4.236
act as government
Focal Points
for their
Federacija BiH
3.926
4.515
4.763
respective countries.
Bosna i Hercegovina
5.680
6.388
6.802
7.147
119
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Scenarij S3
Admin. jedinica
2010.
2015.
2020.
2025.
Republika Srpska
1.753
2.158
2.378
2.562
Federacija BiH
3.926
4.449
4.997
5.546
Bosna i Hercegovina
5.680
6.609
7.376
8.109
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Tabela 31. Pregled scenarija razvoja sistema daljinskog grijanja (u PJ)
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability Prezentirani
in general and
e-Accessibility
particular.da će se na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine sistem
podaci
upućuju nainzaključak
daljinskog grijanja najintenzivnije razvijati prema S3 scenariju, koji podrazumijeva povećanu
potrošnju energije u uvjetima intenziviranog ekonomskog razvoja.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
4.2.2. Scenariji smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova iz
različitih sistema gradskog centralnog grijanja u BiH
Emisije CO2 za sva tri emisiona scenarija u periodu 2010-2025, određene su na osnovu
e-Accessibility
can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
podataka o finalnoj potrošnji energije kako u Republici Srpskoj tako i Federaciji BiH (Tabela 32).
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
S1
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar
orjedinica
higher proportion.
Admin.
2010.
2015.
2020.
2025.
Republika Srpska
132.275,9
155.385,5
142.265,5
156.939,2
Federacija BiH
236.750,5
196.916,4
211.617,8
226.096,6
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
Federacija BiH
236.750,5
218.129,7
264.043,5
311.547,4
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
i Hercegovina
369.026,4
373.515,2
406.309,0
theBosna
relevant
legal context. No single EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but 468.486,6
actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without S2
Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Admin. jedinica
2010.
2015.
2020.
2025.
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Republika Srpska
132.275,9
120.738,8
123.593,2
Furthermore,
moves are afoot to strengthen
these and to149.268,9
enact more legislation.
is at least a five-fold justification
for early346.185,284
action in the area
of e-Accessibility:
BosnaThere
i Hercegovina
369.026,4
332.356,6
349.689,8
S3
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve
access to services to people who are already
marginalized.
It helps fulfil the promise
Society
to reduce rather
Admin.
jedinica
2010. of the Information
2015.
2020.
2025. than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Republika Srpska
132.275,9
149.831,2
131.096,0
139.383,7
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Federacija BiH
236.750,5
204.565,1
236.249,5
269.565,8
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Bosna i Hercegovina
369.026,4
354.396,3
367.345,5
408.949,5
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit
in a cost
effective
različitih sistema centralnog grijanja za sva tri scenarija (u t)
Tabela
32. Pregled
emisija
CO iz manner.
2
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
120
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
GgCO eq
prospects
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
500
2
S1
4. The480
earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
S2
460
e-Services and to lower the cost.
440
S3
5. Pursuing
approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
420
convergence
of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
400
and SEE
380 countries.
360
1.2. About this report
340
320
300
2010
The specific goals of this report
are:
2015
2020
2025
Grafikon
25. Ukupne emisije
CO2 izregarding
sektora daljinskog
grijanja uincluding
BiH,
1. to outline
the international
context
e-Accessibility
existing legal
za
period
2010–2025.
prema
S1,
S2
i
S3
scenariju
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to
develop aBiH
comparative
picture
e-Accessibility
forizable-bodied
people versus
Za
Federaciju
su navedene
samoofvrijednosti
emisija
sistema daljinskog
grijanjapeople
koja
imaju vlastita
postrojenja
za
proizvodnju
toplotne
energije
i
industrijskih
energana
koje
također
with disabilities;
sudjeluju u snabdijevanju toplotnom energijom (Grafikon 25). Emisije iz termoelektrana-toplana
3. to assesstoplotnom
the current
level of e-Accessibility
and
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
koje snabdijevaju
energijom
Tuzlu, Lukavac
i Kakanj
su obuhvaćene
emisijama iz
elektroenergetskog
Od 2015.ingod.
toplotnom energijom grada Zenice trebalo
4. to identifysektora.
good practices
the snabdijevanje
region;
bi se vršiti
plinske atermoelektrane
toplane umjesto
dosadašnje
energane
5. toizdevelop
set of recommendations
for government
andindustrijske
other stakeholders
onfabrike
how to:
"Acelor Mittal Zenica“ koja je koristila ugalj kao primarno gorivo. Slična situacija je i za Republiku
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Srpsku, odnosno navedene su samo emisije CO2 iz sistema daljinskog grijanja koja imaju vlastita
- za proizvodnju
comply withtoplotne
requirements
for dok
the će
UNemisije
and EU.iz budućih kogenerativnih postrojenja
postrojenja
energije,
kao i iz termoelektrane Ugljevik biti obuhvaćene emisijama iz elektroenergetskog sektora.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regionalMjere
actions plan
for Information
Society
development,
and energije
the UNCRPD. The programmatic
aspekta
proizvodnje
i distribucije
toplotne
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
4.2.3.Mjere za smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova iz
sektora daljinskog grijanja
Općeproject
mjere: is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
The
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
-Toplifikacija daljnjih gradskih četvrti i širenje toplotnih mreža, povećanje iskorištenosti
Marginalised
Groups in
e-Governance
the e-SEE
Secretariat
are eksploatacije.
positioned within the Social
postojećih
kapaciteta,
analizaand
korištenja
i optimiranje
režima
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Poboljšanje
infrastrukture
toplotnih
mreža
with the-fellow
UNDP Country
Offices in
the region,
while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
-Zahvati na cjevovodima: opća zamjena dotrajale vrelovodne i toplovodne cijevne mreže
the Regionalu e-Governance
Advisorypoboljšanje
Taskforce (REGATA)
as government
Focalkanalskih
Points forcijevi
their
kritičnim područjima,
vrelovoda act
i toplovoda
zamjenom
respective countries.
predizoliranim cijevima, sanacija nadzemnog dijela parovoda, vrelovoda i toplovoda;
121
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
-
Poboljšanje sistema prenosa, distribucije i snabdijevanja: mjere smanjenja gubitaka vode,
povećanje kapaciteta cirkulacionih pumpi i opće mjere modernizacije sistema, ugradnja
odgovarajućih regulacijskih ventila i uvođenje frekvencijske regulacije pumpi, uvođenje
balansiranja cijevne mreže, zahvati u direktne podstanice, uvođenje kompaktnih podstanica.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Agregati i regulacija
This section
presents
an overview
of nadzora
the UNCRPD,
its significance
and main
sections,
the
Upravljanje
i regulacija:
sistemi
i upravljanja
daljinskog grijanja,
regulacija
tempe­
requirements
it sets in
all aspectsi of
e-Accessibility
and nadzor;
how it is to be implemented. This is followed
rature, upravljanje
regulacijom
mjerenjem,
daljinski
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
na agregatima:
revitalizacija
i izgradnja kotlovnica, zahvati na izmjenjivačima,
disability -Zahvati
in general and
e-Accessibility
in particular.
ugradnja kondenzacijskih kotlovnica kod zasebnih toplotnih mreža, uvođenje kogeneracije.
1.1. Mjere
Why
e-Accessibility?
s aspekta
potrošnje toplotne energije
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
-Individualno mjerenje potrošnje: uvođenje mjerenja toplotne energije prema stvarnoj
such as olderpotrošnji:
populations
experience
when seeking
to participate
equalkod
terms
in the Information
ugradnja
kumulativnih
mjerača
utroška on
toplote
potrošača,
uvođenje
Society.
odgovarajuće naplate potrošnje.
- Poboljšanje
karakteristika
regulacije
e-Accessibility
cantoplotnih
potentially
refer to anyzgrada:
type of podsticanje
ICT used byugradnje
citizens, termostatske
and involves everything
kod potrošača, informiranje potrošača o mogućnostima uvođenja mjera i poboljšanja.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
4.3.Zgradarstvo
A perhaps
surprising
number of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines cover
4.3.1.
Pregled
postojećeg
stanja
u sektoru
zgradarstva
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the
relevant legal
context. No
single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
4.3.1.1.
Stambene
zgrade
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
S obzirom
da od 1991.
godine
u BiHFramework
nije obavljen
stanovništva
postoje
vrlo različite
(for copyright
exemptions),
and the
Telecoms
(forpopis
assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
procjene o broju stanovnika. Na osnovu ankete koju je 2007. god. provela Agencija za statistiku
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
BiH pretpostavljeni broj stanovnika je 3.447.156, a broj domaćinstava 1.054.613. Prosječan broj
Furthermore,
moves
are afootiznosi
to strengthen
and to
enact
more
stanovnika po
domaćinstvu
3,25 BiHthese
(RS 3,29,
FBiH
3,14,
DBlegislation.
3,37), odnosno u urbanom
području navedeni prosjek je 3,16 a u ruralnom i poluurbanom 3,41 stanovnik.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Prema procjenama tokom proteklog rata je oštećeno 447.661 stambenih jedinica, a
ne postoje tačni podaci o broju obnovljenih. Statistički se prati izgradnja stanova u stambenim
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
zgradama koje izvode poduzeća, dok se broj izgrađenih porodičnih kuća statistički ne prati. Imajući
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil energetskog
the promisesektora
of the Information
Society planove
to reduce
rathermože
than
u vidu podatke
iz statistike
i Studije
BiH, kao i prostorne
entiteta,
increase da
thepostoji
disadvantages
certain
populations
face.
Conversely,
in this
se pretpostaviti
oko 1.200.000
stanova,
čime se
njihov
broj skoroinsufficient
izjednačio seffort
predratnim
brojemarea
od 1.207.693
(prosječna
površina
60,45
m²).
Na
osnovu
dostupnih
podataka
mogu
se
kao
is likely to further marginalize these groups.
realni prihvatiti podaci iz Studije razvoja energetskog sektora BiH o tipologiji stambene izgradnje
Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
(Tabela2.33).
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Veličina
tokom vremena (tendencija porasta veličine stanova s
their
remitstanova
in a costmijenja
effectivesemanner.
povećanjem životnog standarda), a zavisi i od područja izgradnje (ruralno-urbano).
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
122
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Porodične kuće
Zgrade
(u %) such as mobile phones.
prospects for Administ.
migratingjedinica
web services onto new
platforms
(u %)
FBiH
31
69 into development of
4. The
earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
e-Services
and to lower the cost.
RS
29
71
BD
95
5. Pursuing
approaches that follow EU guidelines5 and recommendations
will assist in the
of the Information
Society in the EU
convergence
of different aspects of the development
BiH
29
71
and SEE countries.
Tabela 33. Stambene jedinice prema tipu izgradnje
Podaci
iz anketathis
koje su provedene
s ciljem da de izradi Studija energetskog sektora BiH
1.2.
About
report
govore o značajnom povećanju prosječne površine stana u odnosu na veličinu koja je registrirana
u popisu iz 1991. godine i koja je iznosila 60,45 m² (Tabela 34).
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Administ. jedinica
Urbano (u m²)
Ruralno (u m²)
Prosjek (u m²)
instruments and strategic level documents;
FBiH
RS
BD
74,6
103,4
86,3
-
-
81,3
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
82,0
81,8
81,9
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
BiH
77,2
97,2
86,0
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Tabela 34. Približna veličina stambene jedinice prema području
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply
with fonda
requirements
the UN
and stambenog
EU.
Starost
stambenog
je velika,for
tj. više
od 80%
fonda je starije od 30 godina,
tj. izgrađeno je prije donošenja propisa o termičkoj zaštiti objekata. Jedan dio stambenog fonda
veće starosti u toku rata je oštećen, te je prilikom obnove popravljen njihov kvalitet (Tabela 35).
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context 70.
of the e-SEE Initiative.
It is a regional
project
designed
80.
90.
Poslije
2000. by
Administrativna jedinica
(u
%)
(u
%)
(u
%)
(u
%)
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
FBiH Democratic Governance Thematic
53Trust Fund to33
9 Eastern Europe
5 region
UNDP’s
support the South
inRS
the implementation of the Inclusive Information
Society
the
58
29Priority Area of
5 the e-SEE Agenda+,
8
regional
action plan for Information Society
The programmatic
BD
61 development,
7 and the UNCRPD.
6
26
priorities
of
the
project
are
therefore
fully
aligned
with
the
targets
of
e-SEE
Agenda+.
BiH
59,2
26,6
7,5
6,7
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Tabela 35. Starost stambenog fonda
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
anddecenije
the e-SEE
are positioned
within izthe
Social
S obzirom
da do
skoro kraja prve
21. Secretariat
vijeka nisu doneseni
novi propisi
oblasti
toplotne zaštite zgradaGovernance
građenje seSector.
izvodiloThe
prema
starim
JUSOffice
standardima,
kojiisdaleko
zaostaju
Inclusion/Democratic
UNDP
Country
in Sarajevo
working
closely
za
suvremenim
principima
toplotne
zaštite
zgrada
i
maksimalno
propisane
potrošnje
energije
i
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
predstavljaju odličan resurs za povećanje energetske efikasnosti, tj. smanjenje potrošnje energije.
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
S obzirom na nizak standard građana grijane površine su uvijek manje od ukupne stambene
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act BiH
as government
FocalsPoints
for their
površine.
Podaci
predstavljeni
u Studiji
energetskog
sektora
moraju se uzeti
rezervom,
s
respective
obzirom nacountries.
ekonomsku situaciju stanovništva. Ukoliko se prihvati da je prosječna grijana površina
manja, u tom slučaju je i prosječna potrošnja energije po jedinici površine veća (Tabela 36).
123
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Prosječna
grijana
površina (u
m²)
Centralno
grijana
površina
(u m²)
Sobno grijanje
(u m²)
Split sistem
grijanja (u m²)
FBiH
57,84
74,01
45,90
34,13
RS
50,75
76,80
37,49
21,65
Administrativna jedinica
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
BDsection presents an overview of the
58,66UNCRPD, its
84,87
0,00 the
This
significance54,92
and main sections,
BiH
55,72
75,15
43,85
29,25
requirements
it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility
and how
it is to be implemented.
This is
followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
Tabela 36. Prosječna
grijana površina i način grijanja
disability in general and e-Accessibility
in particular.
Načini grijanja:
1.1. Why
e-Accessibility?
30% kuća
ima centralno grijanje: gradsko centralno grijanje 12%, pojedinačni kotlovi ili

peći
centralno
grijanje
6%. Tipovi
goriva
za domaćinstva
koja
e-Accessibility
is 11%,
aboutindividualno
overcoming
the range
of barriers
thatkorištenog
people with
disabilities
and others
ne koriste gradsko grijanje: ogrjevno drvo 32%, elektr. energija 6%, prirodni plin 25%, ložsuch as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
ulje 18%, ugalj 19%.
Society.
 70% kuća se grije sobnim pećima. Tipovi goriva su: ogrjevno drvo 77%, električna energija
12%, prirodni
plin 2%, ugalj
9%.
BiH,and
2008)
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refer
to(Studija
any typeenergetskog
of ICT used sektora
by citizens,
involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Na osnovu anketa provedenih u svrhu izrade Studije energetskog sektora BiH, prosječna
television.
Up to 15 energije
percent of
the population
across
the European
Union površine
has a disability,
as a
godišnja količina
potrošena
za grijanje
je 200
kWh/m² grijane
(Tabelasuch
37). Ovaj
visual,
speech,
cognitive,
or BiH
motor
impairment,
and klimatskim
SEE countries
can expect to have a
broj jehearing,
približan,
tj. prosječan,
jer se
prostire
u različitim
zonama.
similar or higher proportion.
BiH
RS
FBiH
BD
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
Prosječna
energije
za grijanje level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
this area. At količina
the highest
international
200
216
199
224
(u kWh/m²)
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Prosječna
grijana
površina
(u Television
m²)
55,72Frontiers 50,75
spread
across
areas
such as
Without
(for subtitling),57,84
the Copyright58,66
Directive
potrošnja
(forProsječna
copyrightgodišnja
exemptions),
andenergije
the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
za
grijanje
po
domaćinstvu
(u
kWh/)
11.144
10.962exist for 11.510
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and
benchmarking
programmatic13.140
support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Tabela 37. Potrebna energija za grijanje domaćinstava
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
4.3.1.2.Javne zgrade (komercijalne i uslužne)
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Pretpostavka Itje helps
da u fondu
zgrada
u ovom
sektoru
oko 5 m²
po rezidentu
u BiH
imathan
oko
marginalized.
fulfil the
promise
of the
Information
Society
to reduce
rather
19.000.000
m²
javnih
zgrada
(komercijalne
i
usluge)
(Studija
energetskog
BiH,
2008).
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Starost javnih zgrada je prilično velika, a struktura gradnje do 80. godina prošlog vijeka je
sljedeća:
usluge 64,5%,
obrazovanje
92,3%,
trgovina
74,4%, zdravstvo
i uprava
i administracija
2. Improving
access
to services,
public
and private,
to such a82,6%
significant
proportion
of the
78,5%.population
Zgrade javnog
sektora
griju
se
sistemom
centralnog
grijanja
u
85%
slučajeva
i
samo
15%
opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
koristi sobne peći. Upotreba rashladnih sistema je mala i samo mali broj zgrada ima instalirane
their remit in a cost effective manner.
sisteme hlađenja. Uređaji za klimatizaciju koriste se nešto više (Tabela 38). S obzirom na veliku
starost3.zgrada,
kao e-Accessibility
i loše održavanje
je velikacould
potrošnja
za grijanje
i ona for
se
Improving
forevidentna
the marginalized
also energije
lead to improved
access
2
124
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
it can
reduce the cost
web
serviceudevelopment,
and enhance
the
kreće odable-bodied
220 kWh/m²people;
u upravi
i administraciji,
pa doof572
kWh/m²
zdravstvu. Potrošnja
energije
za hlađenje
nije
procjenjivana
zbog
malog
broja
rashladnih
uređaja,
a
statistički
podaci
ne
postoje.
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
BiH
FBiH
RS
DB
Podsektor
e-Services
and to lower the cost.
u kWh/m²
kWh/m²
kWh/m²
kWh/m²
approaches that follow
will assist
Turizam5.i Pursuing
ugostiteljstvo
392 EU guidelines
59and recommendations
79
108 in the
of the development
of the Information
Society96
in the EU
Školstvoconvergence of different aspects240
24
23
and SEE countries.
Trgovina
345
90
85
119
Zdravstvo
605
30
37
47
45
51
75
39
50
52
1.2.
About this report
Uprava i administracija
267
Ostalo
The specific goals of this report are:
302
Tabela 38. Ukupna potrošnje energije u sektoru usluga
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Iz
podataka o and
potrošnji
energije
podsektorima, kao i to da je potrošnja energije za grijanje
instruments
strategic
leveludocuments;
višestruko veća od potrošnje energije u ostale svrhe, vidljivo je da se najveće uštede u potrošnji
to develop
picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
energije2.mogu
postićiaucomparative
sistemima grijanja.
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4.3.1.3.Industrijske
zgrade
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to developzgrade
a set ofnisu
recommendations
fortoga
government
and ne
other
stakeholders
howje
to:
Industrijske
analizirane zbog
što o njima
postoje
podaci. Uontoku
address
to e-Accessibility;
proces privatizacije,
te jethe
zaobstacles
sada nemoguće
dobiti pouzdane podatke o građevinskim objektima u
industrijskom
sektoru.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
ThisScenariji
report is part of smanjenja
a larger project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised Groups plinova
in e-Governance’,
4.3.2.
emisija stakleničkih
u
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
sektoru zgradarstva
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
4.3.2.1. Stambene zgrade
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regionalRazvoj
actionsektora
plan for
Information
Society energije
development,
the UNCRPD.
The
programmatic
zgradarstva
i potrošnje
u njimaand
možemo
posmatrati
kroz
tri moguća
priorities
the project
therefore
fully aligned
with
the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
scenarija,ofzasnovana
naare
podacima
u sektoru
iz 2010.
god.:
S1 scenarij
blagi rast BDP
i potrošnje
energije. UNDP-funded
Osnovna odlika e-SEE
ovog scenarija
The
projectpodrazumijeva
is being implemented
by the
Sarajevo-based
Initiative
je
nastavak
sadašnjih
trendova,
tj.
porast
stanovništva,
izgradnja
stanova
i
potrošnja
energije,
koji
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
će rasti skoro linearno. U ovom scenariju nisu predviđene nikakve mjere za smanjenje potrošnje
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
energije, jer je ekonomska moć država slaba, te nema sredstava za ulaganje u bilo kakve mjere.
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with theS2
fellow
UNDPse
Country
in the region,
Office
Senior ICTmjera
Advisor
at the BDP
scenarij
baziraOffices
na srednje
brzom while
rastuthe
BDP
bezof dodatnih
energetske
efikasnosti.
Osnovne
odlike
ovog scenarija
suan
srednje
brzrole.
rastGovernment-appointed
BDP i s njim povećanamembers
potrošnjaof
in
New York is
providing
expertise
and playing
advisory
energije
bez
provođenja
ikakvih
mjera
energetske
efikasnosti.
S
obzirom
da
se
ne
provode
mjere
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for
their
energetske efikasnosti potrošnja energije znatno raste, jer se gradi veći broj stambenih zgrada, a
respective countries.
istovremeno s jačanjem ekonomske moći stanovništva se povećava i potreba za energijom na nivou
jednog domaćinstva (veća grijana površina, veći broj aparata u domaćinstvu i sl.).
125
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
S3 scenarij uključuje srednje brzi rast BDP i provođenje mjera energetske efikasnosti.
Ukoliko bi se ekonomski razvoj zemlje odvijao po scenariju srednje brzog razvoja i rasta BDP, porast
potrošnje energije bi bio velik. Provođenjem mjera energetske efikasnosti trend rasta potrošnje
energenata bi bio usporen. U tom bi se slučaju mogle postići značajne uštede, tj. smanjenje
potrošnje energenata i emisije CO2
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
4.3.2.2.Javne zgrade (komercijalne i uslužne)
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
U zgradama
javne
namjene
najveće uštede
je moguće
postići
unapređenjem
sistema
requirements
it sets in all
aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how
it is to be
implemented.
This is followed
centralnog
grijanja
i
hlađenja,
kao
i
sistema
osvjetljenja,
uz
mjere
energetske
obnove
omotača
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
zgrade.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Pošto se većina javnih zgrada grije pomoću centralnih sistema grijanja, tj. toplana,
mogućnosti da se smanji potrošnja energenata, ali i emisije CO2, su znatne. S obzirom da se u
ovom sektoru očekuje izgradnja velikog broja novih zgrada, efekat primjene novih propisa koji
ograničavaju potrošnje energije za grijanje, ali i ukupnu potrošnju energije donijet će brze rezultate.
e-Accessibility
is abouttj.overcoming
the range
of barriers
that people
with disabilities
othersi
Energetska sanacija,
primjena mjera
energetske
efikasnosti
u sistemima
grijanja,and
hlađenja
such
as older populations
experience
when seeking
to participate
onće
equal
termsuštedom
in the Information
klimatizacije,
kao i osvjetljenja,
na postojećim
zgradama
rezultirat
znatnom
energijе.
Society.
S1 scenarij se bazira na jako blagom rastu BDP i potrošnje energije. Osnovna odlika ovog
scenarija je nastavak sadašnjih trendova, tj. porast stanovništva i izgradnja javnih zgrada sadašnjim
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
tempom i potrošnja energije, koji će rasti skoro linearno.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.UUp
to 15
percent nisu
of thepredviđene
populationnikakve
across the
European
Union has
a disability,
suchjer
asjea
ovom
scenariju
mjere
za smanjenje
potrošnje
energije,
ekonomska
moć
država
slaba,
te
nema
sredstava
za
ulaganje
u
bilo
kakve
mjere.
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
S2 scenarij podrazumijeva srednje brzi rast BDP i bez ikakvih mjera energetske efikasnosti.
Osnovne odlike ovog scenarija su brži rast BDP i s njim povećana potrošnja energije, ali bez
A perhaps
surprising
number ofefikasnosti.
international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
provođenja
ikakvih
mjera energetske
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
S3 scenarij
uključuje
rastEU
BDP
i provođenje
mjera energetske
efikasnosti,
tj. mjeraare
za
the relevant
legal context.
Noveći
single
directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions
smanjenje potrošnje. Osnovne odlike ovog scenarija su brži rast BDP i s njim povećana potrošnja
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
energije, koja će uz provođenje mjera energetske efikasnosti biti smanjena u odnosu na S2.4.3.3.
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and
the Telecoms
Framework
(forzgradarstva
assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Mjere
za smanjenje
emisija
stakleničkih
plinova
iz sektora
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
4.3.3.Mjere unaprjeđenja energetske efiaksnosti u u
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
sektoru zgradarstva
1.-Uspostavljanje
It is worthwhile inpravnog
its ownokvira
right to
to services
to people
who are already
za improve
uvođenjeaccess
energetske
efikasnosti
u zgradarstvu;
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
-Kampanje
jačanja svijesticertain
i edukacija
korisnika
i investitora;
increase
the disadvantages
populations
face.
Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
-Energetska obnova postojećih stambenih zgrada i završetak djelomično završenih kuća;
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
- Primjena
energetski
efikasnih
tehnologija
za opremanje
zgrada.
population
opens
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and
can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
126
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
4.4.Saobraćaj
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
4.4.1.4. Pregled
postojećeg stanja u sektoru saobraćaja
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing
approaches
that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
4.4.1.1.
Cestovni
saobraćaj
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Prema
podacima
koji su prikupljeni od nadležnih institucija, ukupna dužina cestovne mreže
and SEE
countries.
u BiH iznosi 22.744,30 km od čega je 37,60 km autoput, 39,50 km puteva rezerviranih za saobraćaj
motornih vozila, 3.785,70 km magistralnih, 4.681,50 km regionalnih, odnosno oko 14.200 km
lokalnih puteva.
1.2. About this report
Gustina ukupne cestovne mreže u Bosni i Hercegovini iznosi 44 km na 100 km2, dok gustina
magistralnih
puteva
7,4 naare:
100 km2. U Federaciji BiH gustina magistralnih puteva iznosi 7,67
The
specific goals
ofiznosi
this report
km /100 km2, odnosno, u Republici Srpskoj - 7,17 km / 100 km2. U Bosni i Hercegovini, gustina
cestovne mreže prema broju stanovnika iznosi 5,68 km puteva / 1.000 stanovnika, odnosno, 0,94
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
km magistralnih puteva / 1.000 stanovnika .
instruments and strategic level documents;
S2.obzirom
da je
u 2011. godinipicture
u Bosni
Hercegovini registrirano
ukupno
1.026.254
motorna
to develop
a comparative
ofi e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
versus
people
vozila, na osnovu raspoloživih podataka možemo zaključiti da prosječno opterećenje puteva
with disabilities;
motornim vozilima iznosi oko 45.121 vozila / 1.000 km. Nedovoljna širina kolovoza, veliki nagibi,
oštri radijusi
krivina,the
te brojni
drugi
faktori
doprinose daand
su operativne
brzine
na putevima u Bosni
3. to assess
current
level
of e-Accessibility
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
i Hercegovini oko 50 km/h, kao i nizak nivo saobraćajne usluge, što za posljedicu ima veliki broj
4. to identify good practices in the region;
saobraćajnih nezgoda, a samim tim i povećanje troškova.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address motornih
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
Broj
cestovnih
vozila
registriranih u 2011. godini u odnosu na 2010. godinu
(950.915-m/v) predstavlja
povećanje
od 57.611
vozila,
comply with
requirements
for the
UN odnosno
and EU. za 6,07%. (Tabela 39).
Ukupan‘Empowering
broj
Ukupan
broj GroupsRazlika
u broju
This report is part of a larger project,
Marginalised
in e-Governance’,
registriranih vozila registriranih vozila
registriranih vozila
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
u 2010. god.
u 2011. god.
(u %)
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Federacija BiH
569.859
611.766
6,85
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Srpska
292.831
306.229
inRepublika
the implementation
of the Inclusive Information
Society Priority
Area of the e-SEE4,37
Agenda+, the
Distrikt Brčko
30.614
32.920
7
regional
action plan for Information Society
development, and
the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities
the project are therefore fully
aligned with the targets
of e-SEE Agenda+.6,07
Ukupno uofBiH
893.304
950.915
Administrativno-politička jedinica
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Tabela 39. Ukupan broj registriranih cestovnih motornih vozila u BiH, u periodu 2010-2011.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their
existing
knowledge,
networks and resources. Empowering
(Izvori:
http://bihamk.ba
i MUP,RS)
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
127
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
Slika 13. Cestovna mreža u Bosni i Hercegovini
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Pregled motornih vozila u BiH pokazuje da je svako četvrto vozilo starosti do 8 godina, odnosno
from
websites
for e-government
for blindraditi
people
subtitling
on
2/3 ukupno
registriranih
vozila je services,
starije od to
15telephony
godina, te support
da nije isplativo
bilotokakva
tehnička
television.
Upkoja
to 15bipercent
of the efekte
population
across
the European
Union has
a disability,
as a
poboljšanja
imala znatne
na okoliš,
ergonomski,
ekonomski
i čak
energetskisuch
progres.
Teretna
vozila su
također
starija od
godina,
što utiče na
javnu
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or10
motor
impairment,
and
SEEsigurnost,
countries efikasnost,
can expectsmanjenje
to have a
udjela
realiziranog
prihoda,
kao
i
na
mogućnosti
zapošljavanja
u
međunarodnom
transportu.
Ako se
similar or higher proportion.
uzme u obzir stvarna godišnja stopa promjene u broju cestovnih m/v (period 2003-2011), uz uvažavanje
analognih promjena stope godišnjeg BDP, može se odrediti prosječna godišnja stopa porasta.
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
agreements,
and guidelines
cover
Konkretnije,
očekivani
ukupni
broj cestovnih
m/v u BiH
u periodu regulations
2010-2025. rast
će po prosječnoj
this
area. At
theod
highest
level,
the UNCRPD,
and coming
into
2008, is
godišnjoj
stopi
oko 4%international
odnosno, njihov
očekivani
ukupni ratified
u 2025. god.
iznosit će
okoforce
1,83 in
mil.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
KATEGORIJA
Broj (for
vozila
udio (u e-Accessibility
%)
(for copyright exemptions),
and the Telecoms Framework
assistiveRelativni
technologies).
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Mopedi, motocikli i četverocikli
3.515
6,10%
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Putnička vozila
44.294
76,92%
ThereAutobusi
is at least a five-fold justification for early 187
action in the area of0,33%
e-Accessibility:
Teretna vozila
4.429
7,69%
1. It Priključna
is worthwhile
people who are already
vozilain its own right to improve access
2.984 to services to 5,18%
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Radne mašine
383
0,66%
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Traktori
2.061
3,58%
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
UKUPNO
57.853
100%
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population
significant
opportunities,
can
helpzapublic
services fulfil
Tabela 40.opens
Struktura
prvi put market/sales
registriranih cestovnih
motornihand
vozila
u BiH
2011. god.
prema kategorijama
their remit in a cost effective
manner. (Izvor: www.ideea.gov.ba)
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
128
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can reduce
cost of webjeservice
development,
andpredstavljen
enhance the
Obim
cestovnog
transporta
u Bosnithe
i Hercegovini
za baznu
2011. godinu
preko dva
pokazatelja:
prevoz
robe
i
prevoz
putnika.
Prema
oba
pokazatelja
obim
transporta
je
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
imao porast u odnosu na 2010. god. za oko 3%.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
4.4.1.2.Željeznički
saobraćaj
5. Pursuing approaches
that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Željeznički saobraćaj u Bosni i Hercegovini realiziraju dva operatera - javna poduzeća:
andFederacije
SEE countries.
Željeznice
BiH i Željeznica Republike Srpske. Pored osnovne djelatnosti, prevoza robe
i putnika, željeznički operateri u BiH obavljaju i komplementarne djelatnosti kao što su: specijalni
prevozi, skladištenje, kombinirani transport, pretovar itd. Robnotransportni centri za prihvat,
pretovar ili skladištenje pojedinačnih, paletnih i grupnih pošiljki, već funkcioniraju ili se obnavljaju
u svim većim industrijskim centrima u BiH (Ploče, Mostar, Sarajevo, Doboj, Banja Luka, Tuzla,
Zenica,
Brčkogoals
distrikt,
Bosanski
Glavni korisnici usluga željezničkog prijevoza su: hemijska
The
specific
of this
reportŠamac).
are:
industrija u Tuzli, Željezara i BH Steel u Zenici, rudnici mrkog uglja u Zenici i Tuzli, Rudnik željezne
rude u Prijedoru, Aluminijski kombinat u Mostaru, industrijski kompleks u Sarajevu, distributeri
1. to outline
naftnih derivata
i dr. the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
Prema podacima iz 2010. god. ukupna dužina željezničkih pruga iznosi 1.031 km, od čega
2. to develop
a comparative
picture
e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people
je u Federaciji
BiH 608,495
km, čemu
trebaofdodati
i industrijske
kolosijeke dopeople
svakogversus
značajnijeg
with kapaciteta.
disabilities;Od toga je 72% ili 440 km u FBiH elektrificiranih željezničkih pruga, a u RS
proizvodnog
je 79% ili 336 km. Ovo željezničkim operaterima daje neograničenu mogućnost direktnog pristupa
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
u preuzimanju i isporuci svih vrsta robe. Od toga, 87 km su pruge s dva kolosijeka. Postoje dva
4. to identify
good practices
in thesjever-jug
region; (Šamac - Doboj - Sarajevo – Mostar - Čapljina
glavna željeznička
pravca:
jedan je pravac
develop
a set of zapad-istok
recommendations
for government
and –other
on how to:
– Ploče),5.a to
drugi
ide pravcem
(Bosanski
Novi / Novi Grad
Dobojstakeholders
– Tuzla – Zvornik).
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Obim željezničkog transporta u Bosni i Hercegovini je za baznu 2011. godinu također
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
predstavljen preko dva pokazatelja: prevoz robe i prevoz putnika. Za razliku od drumskog obim
željezničkog transporta je u oblasti prevoza putnika imao pad u odnosu na 2010. god. za oko 8,5%.
Navedeni pokazatelj najbolje ilustrira postojeće trendove, ali i mogućnosti ublažavanja u oblasti
Thisureport
transporta
BiH. is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
Da Country
bi mrežaOffice
željezničkih
pruga
u BiH
zadovoljila
evropske by
standarde
the UNDP
in Bosnia
and
Herzegovina,
supported
DG/BDPi postala
NY, andznačajniji
funded bydio
the
mreže
evropskih
željeznica
u
budućnosti
neophodno
je
da
se,
pored
podizanja
nivoa
redovnog
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
održavanja postojećeg stanja, vrši poboljšanje investiranjem u nova vozila i infrastrukturne
in
the implementation
of kojima
the Inclusive
Society
of thepovećanje
e-SEE Agenda+,
the
kapacitete
na linijama na
je obimInformation
prometa izražen
i naPriority
kojima Area
se očekuje
prometa.
regional
actionbiplan
for interesantna
Information Society
and the
UNCRPD.
The programmatic
Na ovaj način
postala
i nudila development,
kvalitetnije usluge
drugim
evropskim
željezničkim
operaterima.
To project
se prijeare
svega
odnosi na
pruge
kojewith
se nalaze
na Koridoru
Vc,Agenda+.
te pruge koje se vežu
priorities
of the
therefore
fully
aligned
the targets
of e-SEE
na taj koridor. Na ovu činjenicu upućuje rast prometa u putničkom saobraćaju u oba entiteta, koji
je do 2007.
iznosio
5,9%implemented
nakon čega seby
u 2010.
i 2011. god. pojavila
izvjesna razlika
(povećanje
Thegodine
project
is being
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
u
ŽFBiH
i
smanjenje
u
ŽRS).
Navedeno
ukazuje
da
bi
se,
s
prosječnim
porastom
od
4,7%,
broj
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
putničkih km u narednih 18 godina (do 2030) povećao za oko 84,6% ili na cca 100 miliona putničkih
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
kilometara. U isto vrijeme, teretni saobraćaj bi u istom periodu mogao da poraste za 31%, tj. na 900
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
miliona t/km.
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
1.2. About this report
129
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
Slika 14. Željeznička mreža u BiH
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
4.4.1.3.Zračni saobraćaj
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar orČetiri
higher
proportion.
aerodroma
(Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar i Tuzla) registrirana za međunarodni zračni
saobraćaj su u fazi dovođenja na nivo opisan za njihove kategorije u ICAO standardima. Također, ovi
aerodromi
su obnovljeni
tokom
poslijeratnog
perioda.
Ukupne donatorske
investicije
u renoviranje
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
aerodroma iznosile su oko 70 miliona KM. Troškovi opreme i instalacije koja je potrebna u skladu
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
s Ugovorom CEATS su procijenjena na 14 miliona eura, s drugim značajnim ulaganjima potrebnim
the
legal context.
No single EU
directiveputničkih
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions
arei
za relevant
razvoj navedena
četiri aerodroma
(proširenje
terminala,
teretnih terminala,
opreme
spread
across
areaskorištenja
such as Television
Without
Frontiers
(for
thesarajevski
Copyrightaerodrom
Directive
pogona).
S aspekta
vlastitih aviona
/ letjelica,
može
sesubtitling),
izdvojiti samo
s
četiri
aviona
(2
tipa
ATR
72/212,
te
2
Boing
737),
dok
ostali
spomenuti
aerodromi
funkcioniraju
na
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
i lokalnoj
bazi. Ako
poduzmu and
određene
državne mjere
se poboljša
funkcionalnost,
isamaterskoj
also covered
by policy,
and se
guidelines
benchmarking
existdafor
programmatic
support.
ukupan promet ovih aerodroma, s godišnjim porastom od 2%, dostići će maksimalnih 62.000
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
putnika u narednih 18 godina. Porast broja putnika na sarajevskom aerodromu je relativno dobar
u sadašnjim okolnostima, i to je godišnji porast od 8% u idućem periodu, a broj putnika narast će
is at least
a five-fold
na okoThere
1.040.000
u 2030.
godini. justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
4.4.1.4.Vodni
marginalized. Itsaobraćaj
helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Mreža plovnih puteva na unutrašnjim vodama i kratka jadranska obala, predstavljaju
areazaisrazvoj
likely to
further marginalize
theseugroups.
potencijal
i korištenje
vodnih resursa
saobraćajnom smislu. Mrežu plovnih puteva na
unutrašnjim
vodamaaccess
BiH čine
prirodni tokovi
Save - 333
km, aDrine
- 15 km,
Bosne - of
5 km,
2. Improving
to services,
publicrijeka
and private,
to such
significant
proportion
the
Vrbasa - 3 km, Une - 15 km, dio Neretve, te nekoliko prirodnih i vještačkih jezera. S obzirom da plovne
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
rijeke najvećim dijelom čine granicu sa susjednim državama, tokom rata je došlo do postavljanja
their
remit inna
a cost
effective
manner.
minskih
prepreka
plovnim
putevima,
zatim konstrukcijama porušenih mostova, nanosima,
potonulim
plovilima ie-Accessibility
sl., što, uz neriješen
status rijeke,
plovidbu
činito
skoro
nemogućom.
3. Improving
for thepravni
marginalized
could
also lead
improved
access for
2
130
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; itsecan
reduce
the costu of
web service
and enhance
the
Bosna
i Hercegovina
također
uključila
proces
Savske development,
inicijative. U decembru
2003.
godine, prospects
zemlje savskog
sliva
su
potpisale
Okvirni
sporazum
o
slivu
rijeke
Save
čiji
sastavni
dio
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
je i Protokol o režimu plovidbe. Ovim sporazumom, rijeka Sava je dobila status međunarodne
The earlier
action
is taken,
the easier
is to integrate
e-Accessibility
into development
rijeke, a4.Savska
komisija
je dobila
ovlaštenje
daitdjeluje
na rehabilitiranju
plovidbe.
S obzirom daof
je promet
na unutrašnjim
e-Services
and to plovnim
lower theputevima
cost. u BiH dugo bio zanemaren, udio riječnog u ukupnom
prometu u 2000. godini je iznosio ispod 1%. Osnovna obilježja stanja u riječnom prometu BiH su:
5. plovni
Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
assist in the
zapušteni
putevi,
nepostojanje
tehnološki
moderne and
floterecommendations
(tegljenje umjestowill
potiskivanja),
of the development
of the Information
Society
in the EU
different aspects
tehničkaconvergence
i tehnološka of
zastarjelost,
kao i devastirane
luke i nedostatak
brodogradilišta
s navozom.
Kao pozitivnu
činjenicu
treba
napomenuti
da
riječna
plovidba
ima
institucionalno
jednak
status
and SEE countries.
kao i drugi saobraćajni vidovi. Nakon rata je zapostavljen razvoj riječnog saobraćaja, jer nije bio
riješen pravni status rijeke Save, a razvoj privrede u tom periodu ne bi opravdao značajnija ulaganja
u oživljavanje riječne plovidbe. Plovni put rijeke Save (E-80-12) u BiH, od Jasenovca do granice sa
Srbijom (od rkm 507 do rkm 225), odgovara zahtjevima III. klase plovnosti, dok na dijelu od rkm 225
(Brčko) do 165 (Rača) odgovara zahtjevima IV. klase plovnosti.
The specific goals of this report are:
Na rijeci Savi rade tri luke: Brčko, Bosanski Brod/Brod i Bosanski Šamac/Šamac. Bosna
i Hercegovina
nema morske
luke, ali koristi
jadranske
lukee-Accessibility
u Hrvatskoj, prvenstveno
luku Ploče.
1. to outline
the international
context
regarding
including existing
legal
Da bi se koristila rijeka Sava, ključno je da se na njoj reguliraju vodni putevi kako bi se dostigla
instruments and strategic level documents;
prijeratna kategorija IV. U poslijeratnom periodu su urađene popravke postrojenja u luci Brčko.
U obnovu
vodnih
puteva
rijeke Save
i lukaofBrčko
i Bosanski
uložena
su samo
2. to
develop
a comparative
picture
e-Accessibility
forŠamac/Šamac
able-bodied people
versus
people
ograničena
sredstva.
Oprema
u
luci
Brčko
dijelom
je
obnovljena
iz
donatorskih
sredstava.
with disabilities;
1.2. About this report
Analizirajući
raspoložive
kapacitete
vodnog saobraćaja,
kao i ekonomska
kretanja u regiji,
3. to assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
može se4.pretpostaviti
da bipractices
on mogaoinporasti
oko 20%, prije svega u luci Ploče, sa sadašnjih oko 3,4
to identify good
the region;
miliona tona na oko 11 miliona tona godišnje u narednih 18 godina (do 2030. god.), dok bi godišnji
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
saobraćaj od 0,7 miliona tona na Savi sa 2% porasta 2030. godine mogao dostići 0,952 miliona tona
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
godišnje.comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
4.4.1.5. Poštanski saobraćaj
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being
in thesaobraćaj
context ofuthe
e-SEE
Initiative.jeIt uređen
is a regional
project
designed
Pravniimplemented
okvir za poštanski
Bosni
i Hercegovini
Zakonom
o poštama
BiHby
(«Službeni
glasnik BiH",
33/05),and
kojim
su uređeni supported
uvjeti za jedinstveni
i usuglašeni
poštanski
the
UNDP Country
Officebroj
in Bosnia
Herzegovina,
by DG/BDP
NY, and funded
by the
servis
usluga
na
državnom
nivou.
Poštanski
saobraćaj
u
BiH
organiziran
je
s
tri
javna
poštanska
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
operatera, od čega dva djeluju na području FBiH, a jedan na teritoriji RS, i to:
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional- action
plan
for Sarajevo,
Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
JP BH
Pošta
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
- Preduzeće za poštanski saobraćaj RS A.D. Banja Luka i
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
- Hrvatska
poštaon
d.o.o.
Mostar.
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their
existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Osim tri javna poštanska operatera, u BiH djeluje i sedam privatnih poštanskih operatera,
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
UNDP
Country
Office
in Sarajevo
is working
kao što su: DHL, International
d.o.o,
24VIPThe
d.o.o.,
FEDEX
expres
d.o.o.,
Intreuropa
rtt d.o.o.closely
i Ivia
with
fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices
in the region,
while
the Office
of Senior
ICTusluge
Advisor
at the BDP
d.o.o.the
Rhea
d.o.o.
Osim
klasičnih
poštanskih
usluga,
poštanski
operateri
svoje
baziraju
na
novim
i to: tržištu
prometa
usluga.
in
Newtržištima,
York is providing
expertise
andi tržištu
playingbankarsko-financijskih
an advisory role. Government-appointed
members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
131
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
4.4.2. Scenariji smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova u
sektoru saobraćaja
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Osnova za izradu 3 scenarija za ublažavanje u oblasti sektora saobraćaja bazira se na
činjenici da cestovni saobraćaj u BiH, u poređenju sa željezničkim saobraćajem, čini 90% ukupne
godišnje potrošnje energije (dizel i benzin) u ovom sektoru, što je, prema podacima za 2010.
godinu,
oko presents
923.500 tona
Imajući
naUNCRPD,
umu da ćeits
procijenjeni
prosječni
godišnji
rast broja
This
section
an goriva.
overview
of the
significance
and main
sections,
the
motornih vozila iznositi oko 4%, treba očekivati da će prosječni porast godišnje potrošnje goriva
requirements
it sets
in allšto
aspects
and howdizela
it is toi be
implemented.
This is followed
dostići najmanje
3,5%,
govoriofdae-Accessibility
će ukupna potrošnja
benzina
dostići 1.309.000
tona u
by2030.
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
godini. Zato se vjeruje da postoje dobre mogućnosti za racionalniju i ekonomičniju potrošnju
u ovoj oblasti.
Ako and
se ue-Accessibility
obzir uzmu vozila
mlađa od 10 godina, određeni proračuni pokazuju da su
disability
in general
in particular.
gubici energije i potrošnja goriva prosječno 10-20% veći, dok je kod vozila starijih od 15 godina,
koja čine 64% vozila u ovoj regiji, taj procenat je 20-40% goriva više na 100 km. To posebno ukazuje
na ogromne okolišne, energetske i ekonomske gubitke u podsektoru cestovnog saobraćaja, ali i
mogućnosti velikih ušteda u oblasti cijelog saobraćajnog sektora.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
S1 scenarij
bazira
se na većwhen
utvrđenim
povećanja
cestovnih
motornih
such as older
populations
experience
seekingtrendovima
to participate
on equalbroja
terms
in the Information
vozila po prosječnoj godišnjoj stopi od oko 5,8%, na prosječnoj starosti voznog parka između 12
Society.
do 15 godina, bez provođenja mjera homologacije i s prosječnom godišnjom stopom povećanja
potrošnje dizela i benzinskog goriva od 3,7% (Grafikon 26). Prema iznesenim pokazateljima, broj
e-Accessibility
can potentially
to any type
of ICTstopi
used od
by oko
citizens,
andznači
involves
cestovnih
motornih vozila
rast će porefer
prosječnoj
godišnjoj
4%, što
da everything
će u 2025.
god.
njihov
očekivani
ukupni
broj
iznositi
oko
1,83
mil.,
odnosno
potrošnja
fosilnih
goriva
porast on
će
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling
na oko 1,592
mil.
Pri tome
uzima da će
emisija
plinova
koju
proizvodesuch
cestovna
television.
Up to
15tona.
percent
of thesepopulation
across
thestakleničkih
European Union
has
a disability,
as a
motorna vozila proporcionalno rasti s porastom potrošnje energije fosilnih goriva. U odnosu na
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
starost voznog parka u BiH preračunato je da prosječna emisija CO2 iz cestovnih motornih vozila
similar
iznosi or
okohigher
185 g proportion.
CO2/km. Navedeni podatak odgovara prosječnoj potrošnji od 6,5 l/100 km za dizel
i oko 7,0 l/100 km za benzinska vozila, za vremenski period 1998-2008.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
se u
obzir uzmu
prezentirani
o obimuratified
cestovnog
transporta
prema
this area.Ako
At the
highest
international
level, podaci
the UNCRPD,
and coming
intomogu
force se,
in 2008,
is
definiranom koeficijentu, izračunati vrijednosti emisije CO2. Konkretnije, vrijednost emisije za
the
relevant
context.
No motorna
single EU
directive
dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
navedene
baznu
2010.legal
god. za
cestovna
vozila
u BiHisiznosi
oko 2,65
mil.t CO2. Uvažavajući
spread
across
areas such
Television
Frontiers
subtitling),
the Copyright
trendove
u kretanju
broja as
cestovnih
m/vWithout
i potrošnje
goriva(for
emisiona
vrijednost
iznosit ćeDirective
u 2025.
god.
oko 5.086
GGg CO2. and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
(for
copyright
exemptions),
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
S2 scenarij se bazira na uvođenje dodatnih tehničkih mjera za cestovna motorna vozila s
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
aspekta poboljšanja energetske efikasnosti motora i smanjenja potrošnje goriva. Prema ovom
scenariju stopa porasta broja cestovnih m/v je identična kao u S1, s tim da je predviđeno da
There is
at least
a five-fold
justification
early action
in the area of(Grafikon
e-Accessibility:
se poboljša
kvalitet
goriva
koje se
koristi kaofori drumska
infrastruktura
26). Značajan
element ovog scenarija jeste i smanjenje prosječne starosti cestovnih m/v na 12 godina do 2025.
god. Osnovni
cilj ovog scenarija
jeste
smanjenje
emisijskog
koeficijenta
sapeople
185 g CO
/km iz bazne
2 are already
1. It is worthwhile
in its own
right
to improve
access to
services to
who
godine na 150 g CO2/km u 2025. god. Rezultati ovog scenarija također ukazuju na pozitivan trend
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
kretanja emisije do 2025. god. uz napomenu da su vrijednosti prosječno za oko 20% manje u odnosu
increasešto
theupućuje
disadvantages
certain
face.
Conversely,
insufficient
na S1 scenarij,
na zaključak
dapopulations
su mogućnosti
smanjenja
emisija
velike. effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
S3 scenarij se bazira na pretpostavci da će BiH do 2025. godine postati članica EU, pa bi
2.
access tokoje
services,
public and
private,
to Konkretnije,
such a significant
proportion
of the
se moraleImproving
provoditi direktive
su propisane
za ovu
oblast.
Uredbom
EU 443/2009/
population opens
market/sales
opportunities,
and can
help public
services
fulfil
EZ o smanjivanju
emisijasignificant
CO2 iz lakih
vozila propisane
su standardne
vrijednosti
emisija
za nova
putnička
motorna
vozila.
uredbom EU je postavila cilj da od 2012. godine smanjenje
their
remit in
a costNavedenom
effective manner.
emisija novih vozila u prosjeku iznosi 130 g CO2/km. Planirano dodatno smanjenje od 10 g CO2/km
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
2
132
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
it can
reduce dodatnih
the cost of
web service
and enhance
the
(120 g CO
/km) možepeople;
se postići
primjenom
tehničkih
mjeradevelopment,
(kvalitetnije gume,
kvalitetno
2
gorivo, i prospects
sl.). Dugoročni
cilj
je
da
se
do
2020.
godine
dostigne
emisija
od
samo
95
g
CO
/km.
Zahtjevi
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
2
za proizvođače cestovnih motornih vozila koje će se trebati primjenjivati su sljedeći: u 2012. godine
The earlier
is taken,
the easier
it is to integrate
intogod.
development
65% svih4.novih
vozila action
mora biti
usklađeno
s Uredbom,
u 2013. e-Accessibility
god. 75%, u 2014.
80%, dokof
od 2015.e-Services
god. svi novi
nacost.
tržištu morat će biti usklađeni sa zahtjevima Uredbe. Ovim
andautomobili
to lower the
scenarijem je također planirana značajna promjena u strukturi prevoza putnika i roba, u smislu
5. Pursuing
approaches
that follow
guidelines
recommendations
assistmjeri
in the
povećanja
udjela željezničkog
transporta
naEU
preko
50% doand
2025.
god. Time bi se will
u velikoj
aspects
of broja
the development
of (Grafikon
the Information
Society element
in the EU
differentstope
utjecalo convergence
na smanjenjeofgodišnje
rasta
cestovnih m/v
26). Značajan
u smanjenju
emisija
po
ovom
scenariju
predstavlja
uvođenje
novih
propisa
o
uvozu
cestovnih
m/v,
and SEE countries.
poput homologacije vozila, kojima se značajno smanjuju emisijski koeficijenti.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Grafikon 26. Ukupne emisije CO2 iz saobraćajnog sektora u BiH,
za period
2010–2025.
S1, S2 i S3 scenariju
The project is being
implemented
by prema
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Rezultati scenarija ukazuju da bi se uz smanjenje konkretne vrijednosti emisijskog
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector.
Country
Officeprestrukturiranje
in Sarajevo is working
closely
koeficijenta na prihvatljivi
nivo od oko
100 gThe
COUNDP
/, km uz
adekvatno
transportne
2
with
the fellow
UNDP Country
Officesi vodeni
in the region,
while
the Officeemisije
of Senior
ICT Advisor atsektora
the BDP
strukture
s cestovnog
na željeznički
saobraćaj,
vrijednosti
iz saobraćajnog
bi New
se doYork
2025.
god. snizile
na prihvatljivih
2.431
. Izrole.
podataka
se također može uočiti
da biof
in
is providing
expertise
and playing
anGgCO
advisory
Government-appointed
members
2
primjena
navedenih
mjera
imala
konkretne
efekte
tek
2020.
god.
s
obzirom
da
bi
tokom
2015.
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points forgod.
their
bilo prisutno neznatno povećanje, odnosno navedeni desetogodišnji period bi se mogao uzeti kao
respective countries.
svojevrsna faza stabilizacije emisije stakleničkih plinova u saobraćajnom sektoru.
133
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
4.4.3.Mjere za smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova iz
sektora saobraćaja
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
-Uspostavljanje efikasnog međunarodnog domaćeg i tranzitnog željezničkog saobraćaja
čijim bi se povećanjem proporcionalno smanjivao udio cestovnog saobraćaja;
- Podizanje
efikasnosti
saobraćaja;and main sections, the
This section
presentsnivoa
an overview
ofi kapacitivnosti
the UNCRPD,riječnog
its significance
requirements
it setsintermodalnog
in all aspects transporta
of e-Accessibility
and how
it is to be implemented.
is followed
-Razvoj
kao ekološki
najprihvatljivijeg
i bezbjednogThis
vida transporta;
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
voznog parka
s energetski visokoefikasnim cestovnim vozilima;
disability -Osuvremenjivanje
in general and e-Accessibility
in particular.
-Zabrana proizvodnje i potrošnje olovnog benzina;
1.1. -Rekonstrukcija
Why e-Accessibility?
i osavremenjivanje saobraćajnica;
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
- Poreski
podsticaji
za kupovinu
i korištenje
energetskion
visokoefikasnih
vozila i
such as older
populations
experience
when seeking
to participate
equal terms inmotornih
the Information
uvećani poreski nameti za energetski niskoefikasna motorna vozila.
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
4.5.Šumarstvo
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
4.5.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru šumarstva u BiH
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
suproportion.
jedan od najznačajnijih prirodnih resursa u Bosni i Hercegovini, koji posljednjih
similar orŠume
higher
decenija dobija sve veći multifunkcionalni značaj, koji se kreće od proizvodnje toplotne energije do
skladištenja stakleničkih plinova. Općenito se može konstatirati da šume u BiH najvećim dijelom
A perhaps
surprising number of international
agreements,dijelova,
regulations
guidelines
cover
pripadaju
evrosibirsko-sjevernoameričkoj
regiji kontinentalnih
dok and
šume
mediteranske
this
area.
At the highest
international
level, the UNCRPD,
ratified
and coming
in 2008,
is
regije
pripadaju
mediteranskoj
ili sredozemnoj
regiji. Najviši
planinski
dijeloviinto
koji force
se nalaze
iznad
gornje
granice
šume
pripadaju
alpsko-visokonordijskoj
regiji. to e-Accessibility, but actions are
the
relevant
legal
context.
No single
EU directive is dedicated
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
Prostorni razmještaj glavnih vegetacijskih tipova podliježe zakonima horizontalne zonalnosti
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
i visinske pojasnosti. Najniže hipsometrijske nivoe zauzima pojas hrastovih šuma nizinskog i
isbrdskog
also covered
by ilirske
policy,i prelazne
and guidelines
and benchmarking
exist
foruprogrammatic
support.
područja
ilirsko-mezijske
provincije, na
koji se
visinskom i klimatskom
Furthermore,
moves gorski
are afoot
to strengthen
these
andbukve
to enact
more
smislu nadovezuje
pojas
bukve, bukve
i jele,
i jele
sa legislation.
smrčom i subalpinski pojas
bukve (reda fagetalia). Poseban pojas zauzima klekovina bora (krivulja) s vrlo izraženim pratećim
visokoplaninskim
florističkim
diverzitetom
kojifor
seearly
odlikuje
brojnim
i reliktnim vrstama.
There is at least
a five-fold
justification
action
in theendemima
area of e-Accessibility:
Mediteranska regija je vegetacijsko izdiferencirana na manju eumediteransku zonu zimzelene
vegetacije, zatim submediteransku zonu i mediteransko-montani pojas listopadne vegetacije.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps
fulfil BiH
the (ha)
promise of the Information
to reduce rather than
Federacija
RepublikaSociety
Srpska (ha)
Ukupno
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort(ha)
in this
Državna
Privatna
Ukupno
Državna
Privatna
Ukupno
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Šume
905.000
209.000
1.114.000
813.000
258.000
1.071.000
2.185.000
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Ostalo šumsko
301.000significant
69.000market/sales
370.000 opportunities,
160.000
19.000
549.000
population opens
and
can help179.000
public services
fulfil
zemljište
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Tabela
41. Površina
šuma i ostalogfor
šumskog
zemljišta u Bosni
i Hercegovini
FRA 2010/026)
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
the marginalized
could
also lead (Izvor:
to improved
access for
2
134
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Slika 15. Šumski pokrivač u BiH (Izvor: CLC2000)
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop
set of recommendations
for government
anduother
stakeholders
on how
to:
Prema
istom aizvoru,
ukupna površina šumskog
zemljišta
Distriktu
Brčko, iznosi
oko
- u čijoj
address
thedominiraju
obstacles to
e-Accessibility;
11.000 ha,
strukturi
šume
u privatnom vlasništvu - 8.500 ha dok je oko 2.500 ha
u državnom
vlasništvu.
U skladu
sa prikazanim
gotovo 400.000 ha (186.141 ha u FBiH i
comply with
requirements
for thepodacima,
UN and EU.
207.719 ha u RS) tretira se kao golet s produktivnom funkcijom i potencijalno može da bude uključena
u programe pošumljavanja. Poseban doprinos u istraživanju šumskog kompleksa na nivou BiH su
rezultati evropskog projekta CORINE Land Cover (ili CLC2000) koji predstavlja značajnu podršku u
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
aktivnostima vezanim za zaštitu ekosistema, zaustavljanje gubitka biodiverziteta, praćenje utjecaja
that
is being
implemented
in the
context
of the e-SEE
Initiative.
It is adirektive
regionaloproject
designed
klimatskih
promjena,
procjenu
razvoja
poljoprivrede
i primjenu
Okvirne
vodama.
CLC2000by
the
UNDP Country
Office in
and Herzegovina,
supported6.byOkolinskog
DG/BDP NY,
and funded
by the
je značajan
set podataka
za Bosnia
implementaciju
ključnih prioriteta
akcionog
programa
EvropskeDemocratic
zajednice. Navedeni
projekat
pokrivenosti
zemljišta
je imao
da definira
strukturu
UNDP’s
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
to support
thezadatak
South Eastern
Europe
region
korištenja
biofizičkog
pokrivača
zemljine
površine,
među
kojima
je
kao
posebna
tematska
cjelina
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
uzet šumski pokrivač. CLCpodaci za BiH su dodatno dorađivani tokom 2006. godine na osnovu čega
regional
action
plan korištenja
for Information
Society
development,
the UNCRPD.
programmatic
je izrađena
GIS karta
zemljišta
sa pratećom
bazomand
podataka
(Slika 15).The
Šumski
pokrivač
priorities
of theoznaku
project3are
therefore
fully aligned
with the
of e-SEEsAgenda+.
u CLC2000ima
i u BiH
je strukturno
diferenciran
natargets
6 subkategorija
kodom trećeg nivoa.
Provedenim GIS analizama dobijeni su kvantitativni podaci o površinskom razmještaju šumskog
Theu BiH,
project
is being
implemented
by the
pokrivača
prema
kojima
on zauzima oko
53%Sarajevo-based
državne teritorijeUNDP-funded
(Tabela 42). e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Najzastupljenija
subkategorija
lišćarsko-listopadne
šume kojewithin
zauzimaju
oko
Marginalised
Groups in šumska
e-Governance
and the su
e-SEE
Secretariat are positioned
the Social
31,8% od ukupne površine BiH. Sve ostale kategorije šumskog pokrivača imaju značajno manje
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
površinsko rasprostranjenje: mješovite šume - 7,9%, tranzicijske šume i šikare - 5,5%, četinarske
with
fellowsklerofilna
UNDP Country
Offices
in the dok
region,
while the
Office of rasprostranjenost
Senior ICT Advisorotpada
at the BDP
šumethe
- 4,8%,
vegetacija
- 1,4%,
najmanja
površinska
na
in
New
York is providing
expertise
and Struktura
playing annavedenih
advisory role.
Government-appointed
members
zone
s oskudnom
vegetacijom
- 0,6%.
subkategorija
odgovara već navede­
nimof
vegetacijskim
tipovima visinske
pojasnosti
i horizontalne
zonalnosti
u BiH. U
lišćarsko-listopa­
the
Regional e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA) act
as government
Focal
Points for their
dnim
šumama
dominiraju
bukva
sa
oko
39%
učešća,
zatim
hrast
kitnjak
sa
oko
19%
itd. U četina­
respective countries.
rskim šumama dominiraju jela s oko 12,8%, smrča sa 8,6%, crni bor - 7,2%, bijeli bor – 2,5%, dok
0,1% čine sve ostale vrste.
135
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
KOD, KATEGORIJA
3.1.1. Lišćarsko listopadna šuma
P (ha)
1.627.688,16
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
3.1.2. Četinarska šuma
243.805,59
3.1.3. Mješovita šuma
404.219,37
3.2.3. Sklerofilna vegetacija
711,00
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
šuma/šikara
278.891,92
requirements it sets 3.2.4.
in all Tranzicijska
aspects of e-Accessibility
and how it is to be
implemented. This is followed
Zone sa
oskudnom vegetacijom
43.296,87Union level relating to
by a description of 3.3.3.
the major
instruments
and actions at the European
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Tabela 42. Struktura šumskog pokrivača u BiH
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
4.5.2. Scenariji za ublažavanje u sektoru šumarstva u BiH
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older
populations
seeking to
participate
on equal
terms inogleda
the Information
Značaj
šumskog experience
pokrivača uwhen
ublažavanju
utjecaja
klimatskih
promjena
se preko
Society.
njihovog kapaciteta da vežu i akumuliraju ugljenik. Prema procjenama IPCC, u svjetskim šumama
je akumulirana ogromna količina ugljenika. Dok atmosfera sadrži oko 750 milijardi tona ugljenika
u obliku
CO2, svjetske
sadržerefer
okoto2000
mrd.oftona
vezanog
ugljenika.
500 mrd.
e-Accessibility
canšume
potentially
any type
ICT used
by citizens,
and Približno
involves everything
tona ugljenika je akumulirano u drveću i žbunju i 1500 mrd. tona u tresetištima, zemljištima i
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
šumskoj prostirci. Od navedene količine, svake godine kruži atmosferom oko oko 100 milijardi
television.
Up to 15
percent
of the population
across
the European
hasekosistema.
a disability, such as a
tona. Navedeni
podaci
na najbolji
način ilustruju
važnost
očuvanjaUnion
šumskih
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
osnovu
dosadašnjih proučavanja o produkciji biomase prema određenim vrstama šuma,
similar orNa
higher
proportion.
dobijeni su sekvestracijski koeficijenti za šumski pokrov prema geografskim zonama. Konkretnije,
za šumski pokrivač umjerenog klimatskog pojasa u BiH vrijednosti izračunatih sekvestracijskih
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
kapaciteta su prezentirani u Tabeli 43.
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated
to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Sekvestracijski kapacitet (Mt C)
Površina
spread across areas
such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
Biom
(Mil. ha)
Vegetacija
Tlo
Ukupno
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Šumecovered
umjerenog
pojasa
BiH
2,7 benchmarking
153,65 exist for 260,67
is also
byklimatskog
policy, and
guidelines
and
programmatic414,33
support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Tabela 43. Sekvestracijski kapacitet šumskog pokrivača u BiH
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Navedeni podaci na najbolji način ilustruju značaj šumskog pokrivača u Bosni i Hercegovini,
posebno kada se navedeni sekvestracijski kapacitet prezentira kroz sadržaj stakleničkih plinova,
1. Itoko
is worthwhile
ineq.
its Također
own rightjeto
improve
services
tovrijednostima
people who are
already
koji iznosi
1.515 Mt CO
važno
da seaccess
naglasitoda
se radi o
koje
imaju
2
ne samo
nacionalni već
i širi regionalni
značaj. of the Information Society to reduce rather than
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil the promise
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Osnova za izradu 3 scenarija za ublažavanje utjecaja klimatskih promjena u oblasti
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
šumarstva u BiH bazira se na iznesenim podacima o stanju šumskog fonda, sadašnjim politikama
gazdovanja
i trendovima
njegovog
budućeg
razvoja.
skladutos proračunima
izvedenim
iz uputstava
2. Improving
access
to services,
public
and U
private,
such a significant
proportion
of the
za promjene
u
šumskim
sistemima
i
drugim
zalihama
drvne
biomase
proračunato
ukupno
učešće
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
biomase u BiH prosječno godišnje iznosi oko 2.386,5 Gg suhe tvari, dok proračunati neto godišnji
their remit in a cost effective manner.
unos CO2 ima vrijednost od 2.024,60 Gg. Na osnovu IPCC određenih vrijednosti učešća ugljenika
u suvoj3.tvari,
ukupnie-Accessibility
godišnji unos ugljenika
u šumskom pokrivaču
BiH to
za improved
1990. god.access
iznosiofor
je
Improving
for the marginalized
could alsoulead
2
136
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
people;
can reduce ithe
cost of webgodišnjeg
service development,
and enhance
the
3.217,85able-bodied
Gg. U skladu
s ovimit rezultatima
proračunima
otpuštanja/emisije
ugljenika,
konačnoprospects
godišnje poniranje
CO
u
oblasti
šumskih
ekosistema
u
BiH
iznosilo
je
7.423,53
GgCO
.
U
for migrating2 web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
2
odnosu na utvrđenu stopu prosječnog godišnjeg smanjenja šumskog zemljišta u BiH od oko 2.500
4. The
earlier action
is taken,ukupnog
the easier
it is to integrate
ha dobijena
je površinska
vrijednost
šumskog
pokrivačae-Accessibility
za baznu 2010.into
god.development
od 2.673.700of
ha. Analogno
navedenom
šumske površine definirana je vrijednost godišnjeg poniranja
e-Services
and to smanjenju
lower the cost.
za 2010. god. od 7327,5 GgCO2. U navedenu vrijednost su inkorporirane emisije CO2koje nastaju
5. Pursuing
approaches
thatpostoji
follow određena
EU guidelines
andnesigurnost
recommendations
will assist
in the
sagorijevanjem
drvne
biomase iako
mjerna
oko podataka
za iznos
development
of thesječe
Information
Society
in the EU
convergence
of different
ogrjevnog
drveta te učešće
emisijaaspects
vezanihofzathe
kategoriju
bespravne
za sektor
šumarstva.
and SEE countries.
S1 scenarij bazira se na utvrđenom trendu smanjenja površina pod šumskim pokrivačem,
koje su utvrđene u postratnom periodu, i ne uključuje nikakve dodatne mjere za promjenu postojećeg
trenda. Osnovni uzroci za navedeno stanje vuku korijene iz prethodnih ratnih događanja, kada su
šume bespravno sječene zbog ogrevnog drveta i drugih osnovnih potreba ili kao izvor dodatnih
prihoda. Poseban aspekat navedenog negativnog trenda predstavlja korištenje degradiranog
The
specific
of svrhe,
this report
are: zemljišta koja su pogodna za pošumljavanje. Ovim scenarijem
šumskog
tla goals
u druge
posebno
također nije predviđena značajnija promjena u korištenju drvne mase za proizvodnju toplotne
energije1.ili to
drvne
industrije
(Grafikon 27).
Na osnovu
prezentiranih
podatakaincluding
s Grafikona
27. jasno
outline
the international
context
regarding
e-Accessibility
existing
legal
može da se uoči navedeni negativni trend opadanja sekvestracijskih kapaciteta, koji su posljedica
instruments and strategic level documents;
gubljenja šumskog fonda po prosječnoj godišnjoj stopi od oko -0,8%.
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
S2
scenarij
bazira se na primjeni određenih stimulativnih mjera za očuvanje postojećeg
with
disabilities;
šumskog pokrivača. Osnovna mjera podrazumijeva povećanje kapaciteta ponora kroz praktične
načine primjene
određenih
metoda
u svrhu
vezivanja
ugljenika u drvnu
3. to assess
the current
level silvikulture
of e-Accessibility
andpovećanja
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
biomasu4.na
šumskim
površinama.
Važna mjera predstavlja pošumljavanje goleti, što bi
topostojećim
identify good
practices
in the region;
povećalo ukupni godišnji prirast biomase. Jedna od važnih mjera prema S2 scenariju predstavlja
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
unapređenje gazdovanja šumama, posebno s aspekata stalne kontrole i nadzora nad zdravljem
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
šuma, intenziviranje
prorjeđivanja
i čišćenja
šuma i sadnja pionirskih vrsta drveća na degradiranoj
comply
with
requirements
for
theodnosi
UN andseEU.
šumskoj zemlji. Još jedna veoma važna aktivnost
na unapređenje protivpožarnih mjera, s
ciljem prevencije i smanjenja broja šumskih požara, koji su posljednjih nekoliko decenija klimatski
uzrokovani i višestruko učestali. Rezultat primjene navedenih mjera odrazio bi se na održanje
sadašnjeg
i blagog
ponorskih
kapaciteta šumskog
pokrivača
u BiH
27).
Thisnivoa
report
is partpovećanja
of a larger
project, ‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in (Grafikon
e-Governance’,
1.2. About this report
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
Prema S2 scenariju ponorski kapaciteti bi prosječno rasli po neznatnoj prosječnoj godišnjoj
the
UNDP
Office
Bosnia
anduHerzegovina,
DG/BDPkapaciteta
NY, and funded
by the
stopi koja Country
iznosi oko
5 GginCO
. S tim
vezi ukupno supported
povećanje by
ponorskih
za šumski
2
UNDP’s
theuvjete
Southkoji
Eastern
Europe
region
pokrivačDemocratic
u 2025. god.Governance
bi iznosilo Thematic
oko 62 GgTrust
CO2 Fund
što jetozasupport
trenutne
postoje
u sektoru
šumarstva
u BiH, kakoofsthe
aspekta
zakonske
legislative
tako
i s aspekta
gazdovanja
in
the implementation
Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority
Area ofkonkretnog
the e-SEE Agenda+,
the
koja
je
šumama,
realno
ostvariv
cilj.
U
navedeni
scenarij
su
inkorporirani
podaci
o
emisiji
CO
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
2
produkovana sagorijevanjem drvne biomase, s obzirom na to da se planovima gazdovanja vrši
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
planirana sječa i potrošnja ogrevnog drveta. Međutim, postoji određena mjerna nesigurnost oko
podataka za količinu ogrevne drvne biomase, te učešće emisija vezanih za kategoriju bespravne
The
project
is being
thečega
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
sječe, jer
podaci
za 2010.
god.implemented
nisu oficijelni by
zbog
su u proračunima
korištene samo
procjene.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
S3 scenarij
zasnovan
je na pretpostavci
da ćeSecretariat
BiH do 2025.
postati
punopravna
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
are godine
positioned
within
the Social
članica Evropske unije Governance
čime bi morala
da prihvati
sve obaveze
i direktive
su propisane
za sektor
Inclusion/Democratic
Sector.
The UNDP
Country
Office inkoje
Sarajevo
is working
closely
šumarstva. To se prije svega odnosi na potpuno certificiranje cjelokupnog šumskog fonda u BiH u
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
svrhu unapređenja održivog upravljanja šumamskim kompleksima. Kako je već navedeno proces
in
New York is
providing
expertise
and playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
certifikacije
šuma
doprinosi
ublažavanju
utjecaja
klimatskih
promjena povećanjem members
godišnjegof
the
Regional
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act as government
Points
for their
prinosa
drvnee-Governance
biomase, očuvanja
šumskog
zemljišta
i biodiverziteta,
kao i Focal
uopšte
poboljšanja
socioekonomskih
funkcija šume (Grafikon 27). Jedna od posebnih mjera koju uvažava S3 scenarij
respective
countries.
podrazumijeva kontinuirano pošumljavanje degradiranog šumskog pokrivača i pošumljavanje
137
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
i rehabilitacija šumskih goleti u svrhu održavanja i očuvanja postojećih i površinskog povećanja
šumskih površina u narednom periodu. Ova mjera ima za cilj da se zaustavi negativni trend
smanjenja šumskih površina, odnosno da značajnije poveća postojeću površinu pod šumskim
pokrivačem. U tu svrhu vrlo važnu aktivnost prema ovom scenariju predstavlja potpuno deminiranje
postojećih miniranih šumskih površina (oko 10 % od ukupnih šumskih površina), čime se dodatno
otvara mogućnost da se povećava skladišni potencijal šuma u BiH za ugljenik.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Grafikon 27. Neto prosječno godišnje poniranje CO2 iz sektora šumarstva u BiH,
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive,
or2010-2025,
motor impairment,
and
countries can expect to have a
za period
prema S1, S2
i S3SEE
scenariju
similar or higher proportion.
skladusurprising
s navedenim
aktivnostima,
procijenjena
površina
po S3 scenariju
ublažavanja
AU
perhaps
number
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
povećala bi šumske površine za dodatnih 33.000 ha i time, uz primjenu svih predviđenih mjera,
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
uvećalo prosječni godišnji ponorski kapacitet šumskog pokrivača u BiH za oko 285 Gg CO2.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
4.5.3.Mjere ublažavanja klimatskih promjena u sektoru
šumarstva
-Održavanje postojećeg i povećanje budućeg prirasta gustine ugljenika po jedinici površine
There(tC
is at
least
five-fold
justification
early action
in the area of e-Accessibility:
/ ha)
na a
bazi
primjene
određenihfor
metoda
silvikulture;
pošumljavanje
i rehabilitacija
šumskih
goleti
1.-Kontinuirano
It is worthwhile in
its own right /toponovno
improve pošumljavanje
access to services
to people who
are already
u
svrhu
održavanja
i
očuvanja
postojećih
i
površinskog
povećanja
šumskih
površina
u
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
narednom periodu;
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area
is likely to further
marginalize
these
groups.
- Deminiranje
postojećih
miniranih
šumskih
površina koje imaju dodatnu mogućnost za
povećavanje skladišnih potencijala za ugljenik;
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
-Unapređenje postojećeg protivpožarnog sistema za zaštitu šuma od šumskih požara, koji
population
opens
significant
market/salespraćenja
opportunities,
and can
helpi efikasne
public services
fulfil
uključuje
mehanizme
permanentnog
i osmatranja
i brze
intervencije
their uremit
in a costnjihovog
effective
manner.
slučajevima
pojavljivanja;
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
138
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people;
it can
reduce thezacost
of web service
development,
and enhance
the
-Uspostava
efikasnih
mehanizama
sprečavanje
svih nezakonitih
aktivnosti
u sektoru
šumarstva
u
Bosni
i
Hercegovini,
koje
recentno
imaju
vrlo
značajne
negativne
implikacije;
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action
is taken,šumskog
the easier
it is utoBiH
integrate
into development
-Certifikacija
cjelokupnog
fonda
u svrhue-Accessibility
unapređenja održivog
upravljanjaof
šumskim
kompleksima;
e-Services
and
to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
and
recommendations
will assist
in the
-Kontinuirani
rast energije
dobivene
korištenjem
drvne
biomase, u svrhu
adekvatne
of the development
of the efekat;
Information Society in the EU
convergence
different
zamjene zaofgoriva
kojaaspects
imaju visokoproduktivni
staklenički
-andPovećanje
površine
zaštićenih
šumskih
područja.
SEE countries.
1.2.
this report
4.5.4. About
Tresetišta
Tresetišta
značajan
The specific
goalssu
of posebno
this report
are: tip staništa koji je na globalnom nivou akumulirao ogromne
količine ugljenika. Današnji rudnici uglja su nekada bili tresetišta. Bez ovih fosilnih tresetišta
vjerovatno ne bi bilo Industrijske revolucije, niti antropogene emisije CO2, antropogenog globalnog
1. to aoutline
regarding
e-Accessibility
including existing legal
zagrijavanja,
samimthe
timinternational
niti zanimanjacontext
za tresetišta
kao skladišta
ugljenika.
instruments and strategic level documents;
Prema rezultatima brojnih istraživanja tresetišta sadrže više ugljenika i mogu da absorbuju
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
više ugljendioksida po hektaru na godišnjem nivou od svih tropskih kišnih šuma. Procjenjuje se
with disabilities;
da tresetišta
sadrže u prosjeku 5.000 tona ugljenika po hektaru i absorbuju ugljenik iz zraka
prosječnom
stopom
tona po
hektaru
godišnje (Gray).
3. to assess od
the0,7
current
level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify
goodhistosola
practices
in thetreseta)
region;u Bosni i Hercegovini iznosi 9708.468 ha. Najveće
Ukupna
površina
(niskih
to develop
set of recommendations
for government
and other
stakeholders
how to:
površine5.nalaze
se na apodručju
Livanjskog polja (Veliki
i Mali Ždralovac)
pri čemu
na ravno, on
nizinsko,
tresetno- kiseloaddress
tlo na aluvijalnim
pjeskovitim
ilovačama otpada 2662,78 ha a na tresetno - gejno
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
tlo 2049.33
jugozapadnom
dijelu poljafor
nathe
području
- ha. U
comply
with requirements
UN andsela
EU.Grborezi tresetno - gejno tlo zauzima
površinu od 1027,55 ha, dok ravno, nizinsko, tresetno tlo na aluvijalnim pjeskovitim ilovačama
zauzima površinu od 1047,83 ha. U zoni naselja Donji Kazanci ravno, nizinsko, tresetno tlo na
aluvijalnim pjeskovitim ilovačama zauzima površinu od 326,59 ha. Ukupna površina tresetišta na
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
području Livanjskog polja je 7114,08 ha. Godišnje, u periodu juli - septembar, iskopa se oko 80.000
that
is being
implemented
in the context
of the
e-SEE
Initiative.skladišni
It is a regional
project
designed
kubnih
metara
treseta na lokaciji
Ždralovac,
čime
se smanjuje
potencijal
za ugljenik
odby
the
Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
oko UNDP
376 tona.
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Na području Glamočkog
polja tresetno
- gejno
karbonatno
zauzima
od 801,54
in the implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority tlo
Area
of the površinu
e-SEE Agenda+,
the
ha. Na području Hutovog blata ravno, nizinsko, tresetno tlo na aluvijalnim pjeskovitim ilovačama
regional
action plan
for Information
development,
and the
UNCRPD. The
programmatic
zauzima površinu
od 973,64
ha. U širojSociety
zoni Gabele,
prema granici
s Republikom
Hrvatskom,
ravna
priorities
of thetla
project
are therefore
alignedha.
with
targets
e-SEE
niska tresetna
zauzimaju
površinufully
od 272,63
U the
dolini
rijekeofPlive
naAgenda+.
potezu od Šipova do
Plivskih jezera ravno, nizinsko, tresetno tlo na aluvijalnim pjeskovitim ilovačama zauzima površinu
The
is being
implemented
by thetresetno
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
od 418,41
ha.project
Na području
Lončara
ravno, nizinsko,
tlo na aluvijalnim
pjeskovitim
ilovačama
zauzima površinu
od 33,02onha.
U širem
području
Bihaća,networks
pored naselja
Orljani ravno,
nizinsko,
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their
existing
knowledge,
and resources.
Empowering
tresetno
bezkarbonatno
tlo
na
aluvijalnim
pjeskovitim
ilovačama
zauzima
površinu
od
28,33
ha.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Na širem području Miljevine ravno, nizinsko, tresetno tlo na aluvijalnim pjeskovitim ilovačama
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
zauzima površinu od 3,45
ha
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Na osnovu
podataka
o ponorskim
kapacitetima
različitih
tipova bioma na Zemlji members
moguće jeof
in New York
is providing
expertise
and playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
procijeniti
zalihe
C u tlu i vegetaciji
u Taskforce
tresetnim tlima
u Bosni
Hercegovini:
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
(REGATA)
act ias
government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
139
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Tlo: 9708.47 ha x 642.90 t/ha C= 6.241.575,36 t C
Vegetacija: 9708.47 ha x 42.90 t/ha C=
416.493,36 t C
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Na osnovu iznesenih pokazatelja dolazi se do podatka da je ukupna zaliha ugljika u tresetnim
tlima Bosne i Hercegovine iznosi 6.658.068,72 t C, što je iznimno velika vrijednost u usporedbi sa
sumarnim godišnjim vrijednostima iz svih sektora emisija.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
4.6.Poljoprivreda
4.6.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru poljoprivrede
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Poljoprivreda predstavlja jednu od strateških grana privrednog razvoja BiH prvenstveno
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
thesektoru
range (preko
of barriers
people
with disabilities and others
zbog velikog broja
zaposlenih
u ovom
19% that
u 2011.
godini).
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society. Prema procjenama danas u BiH ima oko 515.000 poljoprivrednih gazdinstava. U okviru
ovog broja pretpostavlja se da preko 50% ovih proizvodnih jedinica, odnosno oko 250.000, imaju
veličinu manju od 2 ha, a da preko 80%, odnosno 400.000 njih, manje je od 5 ha. Tek nešto više od
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
20.000 gazdinstava, ili 4% od ukupnog broja, ima površinu veću od 10 ha. Iz navedenih podataka
from
websites
for su
e-government
services,
to telephony
support
for(prosjek
blind people
to i subtitling
jasno
se vidi da
poljoprivredna
gazdinstva
u BiH i dalje
mala
3,3 ha)
usitnjena,on
u
television.
to 15 percent
of manjih
the population
the European
Union has a disability,
as a
prosjeku Up
podijeljena
na 7-9
parcela,across
što uzrokuje
nisku produktivnost
i skromnusuch
ukupnu
ekonomsku
efikasnost.
Skorija istraživanja
pokazuju daand
su SEE
gazdinstva
kojacan
mogu
da zadovolje
visual,
hearing,
speech, cognitive,
or motor impairment,
countries
expect
to have a
sopstvene
potrebe,
kao
i
gazdinstva
djelomično
orijentirana
na
tržišnu
proizvodnju,
ona koja
similar or higher proportion.
konzumiraju većinu svoje proizvodnje i koja proizvode malo u smislu viška pogodnog za prodaju,
ostaju dominantni oblik strukture gazdinstava u BiH.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
Slika 16. Poljoprivredne
površine ucould
BiH (CLC2000)
3. Improving e-Accessibility
for the marginalized
also lead to improved access for
2
140
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;BiH
it can
reduce
of web ha
service
development,
and
enhance the
Od
ukupne površine
(51.129
km)the
okocost
2,3 miliona
ili 46%
pogodno je za
poljoprivredu,
od kojih prospects
se samo 0,65%
navodnjava.
Od
ukupnog
poljoprivrednog
zemljišta
u
BiH
68%
je obradivo
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
zemljište i 32% su livade. Plodne ravnice čine 16% poljoprivrednog zemljišta BiH, 62% su manje
4. The earlier action
is taken,
themediteranskog
easier it is to integrate
plodna brdsko-planinska
područja,
dok
prostora e-Accessibility
ima oko 22%. into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
U nizinskim područjima prirodni uvjeti su povoljni za održivu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju
5. Pursuing
approachesNajbolji
that follow
EU tla
guidelines
and
will Une,
assistSane,
in the
i modernu
tržišnu ekonomiju.
kvalitet
nalazi se
u recommendations
dolinama rijeka Save,
aspects
of thejedevelopment
of theodržive
Information
Society
the EU
convergence
Vrbasa, Bosne
i Drine.ofUdifferent
tim dolinama
moguće
da se organiziraju
produkcije
odin
žitarica
(pšenice,and
ječma,
soje,
kukuruza),
uzgoj
stoke
u
stajama,
masovan
uzgoj
voća
i
povrća,
ljekovitog
SEE countries.
bilja i industrijska postrojenja. U planinama BiH ima manje vrijednog poljoprivrednog zemljišta.
U tim područjima je moguće organizirati stočarstvo i dopunsku poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, zatim
proizvodnja organske hrane i hrane za životinje, uzgoj ječma za pivo, krompir itd. Poljoprivrednog
zemljišta u mediteransko regiji pokrivaju kraška polja koja u tom području zauzimaju oko
170.000 ha. Na tim lokacijama bi mogli da se organiziraju intenzivni staklenici, a na otvorenom
The
specific
goals of this uzgoj
reportagruma
are:
prostoru
vinogradarstvo,
i povrća, uzgoj slatkovodne ribe i pčelarstva. Više od 30%
u submediteranskom području je pod pašnjacima, visoravnima, na kojima se može jako dobro
organizirati
proizvodnja
(koze,context
ovce, goveda).
1. tostočarska
outline the
international
regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
1.2. About this report
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
4.6.2.
Scenariji za ublažavanje u poljoprivrednom sektoru
with disabilities;
Potencijali
zathe
ublažavanje
utjecaja
klimatskih promjena
u oblasti poljoprivredne
proizvodnje
3. to assess
current level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
u BiH mogu da se posmatraju s dva aspekta: kao potencijali za poniranje i kao izvor emisija
4. to identify
goodPotencijali
practices in
region; stakleničkih plinova su definirani prostornim
za stakleničke
plinove.
zathe
poniranje
5. toi tipom
develop
a set of recommendations
for government
and
other stakeholders
onBiH
howsu
to:
obuhvatom
poljoprivrednog
zemljišta. Rezultati
istraživanja
ponorskih
kapaciteta za
predstavljeni
u address
narednojthe
tabeli.
obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Kategorija
Površina
(000.ha)
Sekvestracijski kapacitet (Mt C)
Vegetacija
Tlo
Ukupno
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Oranice
i bašče
1,94
that
is being
implemented in the context 1.018
of the e-SEE Initiative.
It is a81,44
regional project83,38
designed by
the
UNDP
Countryklimatskog
Office in Bosnia
supported
by DG/BDP
funded by the
Livade
umjerenog
pojasa and Herzegovina,
1.160
8,35
273,76 NY, and 272,11
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Ukupno: 355,49
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Tabela 44. Sekvestracijski kapacitet poljoprivrednog zemljišta u BiH
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Na osnovu prezentiranih podataka može se konstatirati da poljoprivredno zemljište u BiH,
The
being implemented
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
slično kao iproject
šumskiispokrivač)
ima iznimnobyveliki
kapacitet skladištenja
ugljenika.
Konkretnije,
postojeći ponorski
kapacitet
tipova poljoprivrednog
zemljišta
u BiH
za glavne stakleničke
Secretariat,
capitalizing
onnavedenih
their existing
knowledge, networks
and
resources.
Empowering
plinove
iznosi
oko
1.305,3
Mt
CO
eq.
Shodno
navedenom
podatku
može
se
konstatirati
da Social
je s
2
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance
and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the
aspekta potencijala za ublažavanje klimatskih promjena značaj očuvanja postojeće odnosno
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
povećanja površine poljoprivrednog zemljišta iznimno velik i nema neku bližu alternativu.
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York
providing
expertisepotencijala
and playingza
anublažavanje
advisory role.
Government-appointed
members
Drugiisaspekt
istraživanja
utjecaja
klimatskih promjena
odnosiof
se na
godišnjee-Governance
emisije stakleničkih
plinova
koje proizvodi
proizvodnje.
Prema
the
Regional
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)sektor
act aspoljoprivredne
government Focal
Points for
their
iznesenim
podacima
u
BiH
u
postratnom
periodu
postoji
kontinuirani
trend
smanjenja
obradivog
respective countries.
poljoprivrednog zemljišta, dok se tretman postojećih obradivih poljoprivrednih površina odvija uz
primjenu zastarjele, tehnološki neadekvatne i energetski neefikasne mašinske i druge prateće
141
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
tehnološke opreme. Također je indikativan trend neadekvatnog odlaganja i primjene štalskog đubriva,
kao i upotrebe lošijih tipova mineralnog đubriva. Slična situacija postoji i u podsektoru stočarske
proizvodnje gdje postojeći trendovi ukazuju na opadanje proizvodnih rezultata zbog nekvalitetne i
nedovoljne stočne ishrane koja se nastoji kompenzirati povećanjem broja stočnih grla.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
S1 scenarij se bazira na navedenom trendu poslijeratnog smanjenja obradivih poljoprivrednih
površina i njihovog prevođenja u najčešće građevinsko zemljište i ne podrazumijeva dodatne mjere za
njihovo očuvanje. Prema ovom scenariju također je nepromijenjeno loše stanje s aspekta primjene
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
poljoprivredne mehanizacije i druge tehničke opreme kako s aspekta njihove proizvodnje tako i s
requirements
it sets inefikasnosti,
all aspectsšto
of e-Accessibility
how it is to
be implemented.
is odnosno
followed
aspekta energetske
nužno rezultiraand
povećanom
potrošnjom
fosilnih This
goriva
byukupnih
a description
the major plinova.
instruments
and actions
at the European
Union level
relating
to
emisija of
stakleničkih
Poljoprivredni
stimulansi,
posebno đubriva,
uglavnom
su na
nivou niskokvalitetnih
rezultira dodatnom
povećanom emisijom, posebno azotnih oksida. Niska
disability
in general andšto
e-Accessibility
in particular.
proizvodna produktivnost u podsektoru stočarske proizvodnje uz tendenciju kontinuiranog rasta
broja stočnih grla s ciljem da se povećaju proizvodni rezultati također su obilježja S1 scenarija,
što će rezultirati i rastućim trendom prosječne godišnje emisije samo iz ovog podsektora za
oko 150 MgCO2eq. Ako se uzmu u obzir i emisije iz tla zbog intenziviranja upotrebe mineralnih
đubriva
moguće
je procijeniti
da u sektoru
poljoprivredne
generalni trend
rasta
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
the range
of barriers proizvodnje
that peoplepostoji
with disabilities
and others
stakleničkih
plinova po prosječnoj
iznositooko
0,25 GgCO
eq/god.
Prema
prezentiranim
such
as older populations
experiencestopi
whenkoja
seeking
participate
on 2equal
terms
in the
Information
pokazateljima ukupne emisije stakleničkih plinova u sektoru poljoprivredne proizvodnje će prema
Society.
S1 scenariju porasti na gotovo dvostruku vrijednost u 2025. god. (oko 180 % od vrijednosti emisije
u baznoj godini). Također treba spomenuti da su prezentirane emisijske vrijednosti minimalne,
e-Accessibility
potentially
any type ofprema
ICT used
by citizens, and
involves everything
posebno
uzimajući u can
obzir
činjenicurefer
da sutorealizirane
preračunatim
vrijednostima
za 1990.
god.
a
sasvim
je
sigurno
da
su
one
danas
više
s
obzirom
da
je
poljoprivreda
jedno
od
strateških
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
opredjeljenja
njenomofukupnom
privrednom
television.
Up toBiH
15 upercent
the population
acrossrazvoju.
the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motorpozitivnih
impairment,
and SEE
countries
can expect
have a
S2 scenarij
baziran
je na primjeni
iskustava
i dobre
proizvodne
prakse to
u oblasti
similar
or higherproizvodnje
proportion.kojima se odlikuju privredno i poljoprivredno razvijene evropske zemlje.
poljoprivredne
To se prije svega odnosi na primjeni savremenih tehnologija u svrhu unapređenja poljoprivredne
proizvodnje
u svim
podsektorima.
U international
podsektoru agreements,
uzgoja i proizvodnje
poljoprivrednih
kultura
A perhaps
surprising
number of
regulations
and guidelines
cover
predviđena je upotreba adekvatnih tipova mineralnih đubriva koja imaju visoku stimulativnu
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
proizvodnu vrijednost i sa niskim emisijskim faktorima, čime bi se u velikoj mjeri utjecalo na
the
relevant emisija
legal context.
Noazotnih
singleoksida.
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions
are
smanjenje
posebno
U podsektoru
stočarske
proizvodnje jebut
posebno
važno
spread
across produktivnosti
areas such as Television
Without
Frontiers (for mjera
subtitling),
the Copyright
Directivei
unapređenje
stočnih grla
sa preduzimanjem
na adekvatnom
odlaganju
primjeni
štalskog
đubriva.and
Nathe
ovaj
način bi Framework
se do određenog
nivoa utjecalo
na smanjenje
emisija
(for
copyright
exemptions),
Telecoms
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
metana
i
drugih
pratećih
stakleničkih
plinova.
Rezultati
provedenih
analiza
upućuju
na
zaključak
da
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
će ukupne godišnje emisije stakleničkih plinova prema ovom scenariju imati neznatna smanjenja,
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
koja će u 2025. god. u odnosu na baznu iznositi svega oko 5% (Grafikon 28). Na osnovu toga može
da se izvede generalni zaključak da primijenjene mjere u poljoprivrednom sektoru moraju da budu
at leasti efikasnosti,
a five-fold justification
for early
action inefekti.
the area of e-Accessibility:
znatnoThere
šireg is
spektra
kako bi se dobili
konkretniji
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
je, kaoini kod
većine
ostalih
sektora,
baziran
očekivanjima
da who
će BiH
2025.
1.S3It scenarij
is worthwhile
its own
right
to improve
access
to na
services
to people
aredo
already
godine postati članica Evropske unije. Shodno tome realno je očekivati prihvatanje i primjenu svih
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
direktiva i drugih obaveza koje su povezane s poljoprivrednom djelatnošću. Takve aktivnosti zasigurno
increaseprimjenu
the disadvantages
certain populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort in this
bi uključivale
evropskih standarda
u svim podsektorima
poljoprivredne
proizvodnje.
U
area is
likelyi to
further marginalize
thesekultura
groups.uzgajale bi se najadaptivnije i istovremeno
podsektoru
uzgoja
proizvodnje
poljoprivrednih
najproduktivnije vrste, posebno na nivou organske poljoprivrede, čime bi se nivo njihovih prinosa
2. Improving
to vještačkih
services, public
and private,
to mineralnih
such a significant
of the
višestruko
povećao. access
Primjena
stimulansa,
posebno
đubriva,proportion
bio bi ograničen
population
opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and can help
public services
fulfil
na ekološki
najprihvatljivije
tipove, što
bi rezultiralo
značajno smanjenim
emisijama
stakleničkih
plinova.their
Posebno
remit značajan
in a cost aspekt
effectiveublažavanja
manner. emisija bit će u oblasti primjene novih i energetski
visokoučinkovitih tehnologija, kako na nivou poljoprivredne mehanizacije tako i kod svih drugih
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
142
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can reduce
the costproizvodnom
of web service
development,
enhance
the
segmenata
primijenjene
tehnologije
u cjelokupnom
procesu.
Očekivaniand
rezultati
bit će
posebnoprospects
uočljivi kroz
višestruko
smanjenje
količine
upotrijebljenih
fosilnih
goriva
kao
i
njihove
znatno
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
unapređenije kvaliteta. U podsektoru stočarske proizvodnje se očekuje unapređenje rezultata kroz
4. The earlier action
is taken,
the easier
to integrate
into
development
uzgoj visokoproduktivnih
stočnih
grla, čime
će se itsaisnjihovim
istime-Accessibility
ukupnim brojem
nivo
proizvodnjeof
višestruko
uvećati. and
Također
je važno
da se istakne da će proizvodnja stočne hrane također biti
e-Services
to lower
the cost.
unaprijeđena, što će rezultirati ublažavanjem crijevne fermentacije kod preživara. Kod odlaganja
Pursuing
approaches
that
followrezervoari
EU guidelines
and recommendations
assist
in the
štalskog5.đubriva
bit će
primijenjeni
betonski
zatvorenog
tipa koji proizvodewill
manje
količine
aspects
of thenačin
development
the Information
Societyupotrebu
in the EU
of different
metana. convergence
Također je za realno
očekivati
da će takav
odlaganja of
štalskog
đubriva omogućiti
metana za
proizvodnju
toplotne
energije
koja
će
se
na
proizvodnim
farmama
koristiti
za
različite
svrhe.
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Grafikon 28. Ukupne emisije CO2eq iz sektora poljoprivrede u BiH,
that is being implemented
in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
za period 2010-2025, prema S1, S2 i S3 scenariju
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’sJedna
Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust
Fundscenartiju
to supportjeste
the South
Easterndegradiranog
Europe region
od očekivanih
aktivnosti
prema
ovom
i prevođenje
poljoprivrednog
zemljišta
u oranične
površine čime
bi sePriority
uvećaoArea
sadašnji
kapacitet.
in
the implementation
of the
Inclusive Information
Society
of theponorski
e-SEE Agenda+,
the
Prezentirani
podaci
upućuju
na
zaključak
da
su
potencijali
za
ublažavanje
utjecaja
klimatskih
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
promjena u sektoru poljoprivrede u BiH, uz striktnu primjenu najsuvremenijih dostignuća u svim
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
segmentima proizvodnje, jako veliki. Međutim, za dobijanje egzaktnijih scenarijskih pokazatelja
neophodni su precizni podaci koji mogu da se dobiju jedino zvaničnim popisom, kojeg u postratnom
project
is being
implemented
by procjene
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
Initiative
perioduThe
u BiH
još uvijek
nema,
zbog čega su
jedini oslonac
za dobijanjee-SEE
prezentiranih
Secretariat,
capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
izlaznih rezultata.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.i funkcionalno korištenje sadašnjih oraničnih površina i livada radi očuvanja
-Održivo
njihovih sekvestracijskih potencijala.
4.6.3.Mjere za smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova u
sektoru poljoprivrede
143
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
-Obnavljanje obrađenih tresetišta i degradiranog poljoprivrednog zemljišta.
-Unapređenje tehnika za odlaganje, pripremu i upotrebu štalskog đubriva u svrhu
stabilizacije i smanjenja emisije metana.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
-Uvođenje novih praksi gajenja i ishrane stoke na nivou promjene ishrane, selekcije i
reprodukcije preživara u svrhu stabilizacije i smanjenja emisije metana.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
-Smanjenje primjene nitratnih đubriva i unapređenje tehnika primjene drugih tipova
requirementsmineralnih
it sets in allđubriva
aspectsu of
e-Accessibility
how it is emisije
to be implemented.
is followed
svrhu
stabilizacijeand
i smanjenja
N2O i drugih This
azotnih
oksida.
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
poljoprivrednih
kultura za proizvodnju biogoriva u svrhu smanjenja
disability -Intenzivni
in general anduzgoj
e-Accessibility
in particular.
upotrijebljenih količina fosilnih goriva
energetske efikasnosti na svim nivoima u oblasti poljoprivredne proizvodnje.
1.1. -Unaprjeđenje
Why e-Accessibility?
- Primjena
i drugih
stakleničkih
plinova za
proizvodnju
energije.
e-Accessibility
is aboutmetana
overcoming
the
range of barriers
that
people with
disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
4.7.Otpad
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing,
speech,
cognitive, statističkim
or motor impairment,
SEEpodacima
countriesAgencije
can expect
to have a
U skladu
s prikupljenim
podacima iand
prema
za statistiku
BiH, procijenjena
količina proizvedenog komunalnog otpada za 2010. godinu iznosila je 1.521.877
similar
or higher proportion.
tona. Iz toga proizlazi da prosječna godišnja produkcija komunalnog otpada po jednom stalnom
stanovniku BiH iznosi oko 389 kg ili 1.08 kg po stanovniku na dan. Procenat stanovnika koji su
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
uključeni u odvoz komunalnog otpada na nivou BiH iznosi prosječno oko 68%. Ostatak stanovništva
this
level, the
UNCRPD,
ratified
coming
into force
in 2008, is
od area.
32%, At
kojithe
nehighest
koriste international
komunalne usluge,
najvećim
dijelom
suand
locirani
u ruralnim
područjima.
the
context. No
single
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
actions
are
U relevant
strukturilegal
prikupljenog
otpada
najveći
udio ima
miješani komunalni
otpad sabut92,4%,
zatim
odvojeno
prikupljeni
komunalni
otpad
sa
6%,
otpad
iz
vrtova
i
parkova
1,1%
i
ambalažni
otpad
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
sacopyright
0,5%. Naexemptions),
odlagališta otpada
2010. godini
odloženo
je 1.516.423
tona otpada.
Prikupljeni
(for
and the uTelecoms
Framework
(for assistive
technologies).
e-Accessibility
podaci o tokovima otpada dopremljenog na odlagališta indiciraju na trajno odlaganje komunalnog
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
otpada na odlagališta. Prema trenutno dostupnim podacima, u BiH postoji preko 600 evidentiranih
Furthermore,
moves are
afootMeđutim,
to strengthen
these
and toda
enact
more
ilegalnih odlagališta
otpada.
procjene
ukazuju
je ovaj
brojlegislation.
u značajnoj mjeri uvećan jer
veliki broj ovakvih odlagališta nije zvanično evidentiran. S obzirom da su formirane na topografski
neadekvatnim
i nezaštićenim
lokacijama,
divlje
deponije
otpada
ozbiljnu prijetnju
There is at
least a five-fold
justification
for early
action
in thepredstavljaju
area of e-Accessibility:
za okolinu i javno zdravlje u BiH i široj regiji. Posebno važno je što još uvijek nema postrojenja
za tretman medicinskog i drugog opasnog otpada, dok su rezultati reciklaže industrijskog
1. It is worthwhile
its own
right to improve
access
to services to
people who
are alreadyi
i komunalnog
otpada i in
dalje
ograničeni.
Zbog toga
su poboljšanje
tretmana
industrijskog
marginalized.
helps fulfil the
promise of
the Information
than
medicinskog
otpada, Itzbrinjavanje
komunalnog
otpada
i reciklaža Society
izazovi to
za reduce
koje serather
tek naziru
15
znaci napretka.
Konkretnije,
u posljednjih
nekoliko godina
započete suinsufficient
aktivnosti effort
na izgradnji
increase the
disadvantages
certain populations
face. Conversely,
in this
regionalnih
sanitarnih
deponija,
zatvoreno
je
oko
10-15
posto
registriranih
divljih
deponija,
a čine
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
se i napori da se ukloni akumulirani opasni/hemijski otpad. Također su doneseni okvirni zakoni kao
2. Improvingprovedbenih
access to services,
publiczaand
private, to
such a iako
significant
of the
i dio podzakonskih
akata vezani
upravljanje
otpadom,
je nivo proportion
njhove praktične
realizacije
još uvijek
veoma
nizak. market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
population
opens
significant
their remit in a cost effective manner.
4.7.1. Pregled postojećeg stanja u sektoru otpada
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for the
marginalized
15 Federalni
plan upravljanja
otpadom za period
2012-2017.
2
144
could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodiedse
people;
it can reduce
themoguće
cost of je
web
development,
and enhance
the
Oslanjajući
na iznesene
podatke
daservice
se preračunaju
promjene
u količini
otpada uprospects
analiziranom
periodu,
2010-2025.
Polazna
osnova
za
navedeni
proračun
jeste
linearna
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
prosječna petogodišnja stopa porasta ukupnog otpada koja je procijenjena na 3% što je izvedeno
4. The
earlier
is taken,
the easierkoličine
it is to integrate
e-Accessibility
intotokom
development
na osnovu
stope
rastaaction
populacije
i proizvedene
otpada po
glavi stanovnika
periodaof
1999-2009.
Takođerand
je uzeto
da jethe
u strukturi
čvrstog otpada oko 50% biorazgradivi otpad, kao i da
e-Services
to lower
cost.
se u navedenom periodu neće bitnije mijenjati efikasnost u organizaciji prikupljanja i odlaganja
5. Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
otpada. Rezultati
analize
su predstavljeni
u narednoj
tabeli.and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
Produkcija i struktura
komunalnog otpada
(po entitetima i
BiH, u tonama)
Godišnja
količina
2010. god.
1.2. About this report
Ukupna
količina
proizvedenog
The
specific
goals
of this report are:
392.891,00
komunalnog otpada u RS
Procijenjena
godišnja
količina
2015. god.
Procijenjena
godišnja
količina
2020. god.
Procijenjena
godišnja
količina
2025. god.
404.677,73
416.818,06
429.322,60
Procijenjena količina
1. to outline the international
context regarding
including214.661,30
existing legal
196.445,50
202.338,87e-Accessibility
208.409,03
biorazgradivog otpada
instruments and strategic level documents;
Ukupna količina proizvedenog
1.128.986,00
1.219.577,68
1.256.165,01
1.293.849,96
komunalnog
otpada u aFBiH
2. to develop
comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Procijenjena
količina
biorazgradivog otpada
561.766,00
514.852,71
530.298,29
546.207,24
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Ukupna4.količina
to identify good practices in the region;
proizvedenog komunalnog
1.521.877,00
1.624.255,41
1.672.983,07
1.723.172,56
to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
otpada 5.
u BiH
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Procijenjena količina
758.211,50
672.833,08
693.018,07
713.808,61
comply
biorazgradivog
otpada with requirements for the UN and EU.
Tabela 45. Promjene u godišnjim količinama proizvedenog ukupnog i biorazgradivog komunalnog otpada,
This
report
is part
of a larger
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groupsotpadom)
in e-Governance’,
na nivou
entiteta
i države
(prema
metodologiji
iz Strategije
upravljanja čvrstim
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
Na Country
osnovu Office
prezentiranih
podataka
može da supported
se zaključibydaDG/BDP
postoji NY,
trend
kontinuiranog
the UNDP
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
and
funded by the
rasta sve tri analizirane kategorije, što rezultira ukupnim prosječnim porastom na kraju perioda
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
od oko 9%.
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
4.7.2. Scenariji ublažavanja klimatskih promjena u
otpada
u BiH
The sektoru
project is being
implemented
by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Emisije stakleničkih plinova vezanih za sektor otpada uglavnom su povezane s emisijama
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
metana (CH4) i djelomično CO2,CO i drugih plinova u tragovima, koji se oslobađaju prilikom
Inclusion/Democratic
Governanceuvjetima.
Sector. The
UNDP
Country Office
in Sarajevo
is working
closely
razgradnje otpada u anaerobnim
Podaci
o emisijama
metana
iz sanitarnih
deponija
u
with
the
fellow
UNDP
Country
Offices
in
the
region,
while
the
Office
of
Senior
ICT
Advisor
at
the
BDP
BiH egzaktno mogu da se preračunaju na osnovu rezultata upravljanja regionalnom deponijom
"Mošćanica“
Prema
podacima
sa ove deponije
prosječna
godišnja proizvodnja deponijskog
in
New York isZenica.
providing
expertise
and playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members of
3
dok
mu
toplotna
vrijednost
u
plina
iz
1
t
neto
odloženog
komunalnog
otpada
iznosi
oko
6
m
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Pointsiznosi
for their
3
prosjeku 5 kWh/m . Shodno ovim i podacima o količinama neto odloženog biorazgradivog otpada na
respective countries.
deponijama, uz uvažavanje približne strukture deponijskog plina (55% - CH4 i 44% - CO2), moguće je
da se odredi konkretna prosječna godišnja produkcija deponijskih plinova u BiH. Međutim, shodno
145
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
primijenjenoj metodologiji u izračunu emisija stakleničkih plinova podaci za 2001. god. za ovaj
sektor (koji su preuzeti iz GHG sektora SNC -a za BiH) poslužili su kao osnov za proračun emisije
za 2010. god. Konkretnije, na osnovu prosječne međugodišnje stope rasta od oko 3% izračunata
emisija za 2010. god. iznosi oko 1191,1 GgCO2eq.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
S1 scenarij se u suštini bazira na nepromijenjenoj postojećoj praksi u produkciji i cjelokupnoj
organizaciji prikupljanja i odlaganja otpada u dugoročnom periodu u BiH. Postojeća praksa je da se
veći dio otpada odlaže na općinskim (uglavnom neuređenim) deponijama, dok se drugi dio odlaže na
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
regionalnim deponijama u Sarajevu, Zenici, Banjoj Luci i Bijeljini, koje još uvijek nisu u potpunosti
requirements
it sets in
all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and
how veliki
it is tobroj
be implemented.
followed
sanitarne deponije.
Poseban
problem
predstavlja još
uvijek
divljih deponijaThis
(okois600),
koje
bysua također
description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
značajan izvor emisija stakleničkih plinova. Upravljanje otpadom uglavnom se svodi na
to da ih prikupljaju
općinska
komunalna
disability
in general and
e-Accessibility
inpreduzeća,
particular.koje ga odvoze i odlažu na općinska odlagališta
ili regionalne deponije. S obzirom da se otpad prikuplja i odlaže na tradicionalan način, dolazi se do
zaključka da trenutno nema bilo kakvog značajnog pomaka u tretmanu biorazgradivog otpada i/ili
tretmana bioplina koji nastaje njegovom razgradnjom (Grafikon 29). Shodno istaknutim podacima
emisije stakleničkih plinova u BiH će, uz minimalnu redukciju, nastaviti da rastu u skladu s rastom
količina deponovanog
biorazgradivog
Emisioni
scenarij
razvijen u and
odnosu
na
e-Accessibility
is about odnosno
overcoming
the range ofotpada.
barriers
that people
withjedisabilities
others
pokazatelje
o vremenskokvantitativnom
razvoju to
i formiranju
deponijskih
plinova
izvještaju o
such
as older populations
experience
when seeking
participate on
equal terms
in thei Information
emisijama iz 2001. god. Iz tog razloga povećanja godišnjih stopa imaju kontinuirani rast tako da u
Society.
2025. god. vrijednosti ukupnih emisija rastu na oko 1.339,8 GgCO2eq.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility
can potentially
refer to any
type of ICT used
by icitizens,
andkoji
involves
everything
S2 scenarij bazira
se na realizaciji
postavljenih
ciljeva
zadataka
su definirani
u
Strategiji
upravljanja
čvrstim
otpadom
BiH,
iz
2000.
godine.
Napredni
scenarij
predviđa
smanjenje
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
generiranog
biorazgradivog
koje će across
se postići
načina
odvoza
otpada
television.
Up to
15 percent of otpada,
the population
the promjenom
European Union
hasnaplate
a disability,
such
as a
koji treba sa prakse naplate po domaćinstvu, članu porodice ili kvadratnom metru stambenog i
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
impairment,
and SEEproizvedenog/odvezenog
countries can expect tootpada.
have a
poslovnog
prostora,
da pređe
na sistem
naplate
prema zapremini
similar
or highersmanjit
proportion.
Ove promjene
će troškove odvoza otpada, dodatne emisije uslijed transporta, troškove
deponovanja otpada i produžiti radni vijek trajanja deponija. Prema ovom scenariju također
je predviđen
nastavak
izgradnje
nekoliko
novih od agreements,
ukupno 16 planiranih
regionalnih
sanitarnih
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
regulations
and guidelines
cover
deponija, s ugrađenim sistemima za prikupljanje i spaljivanje bioplina. S pretpostavkom da je 50%
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
otpada biorazgradivi otpad i uz lineranu prosječnu petogodišnju stopu proizvodnje otpada od oko
the
context.
No single
EU directive
is dedicated
tonjegovo
e-Accessibility,
are
3%relevant
realno jelegal
planirati
izgradnju
postrojenja
za spaljivanje
plina ili
korištenjebut
za actions
proizvodnju
spread
across
areas such što
as Television
Without
Frontiers
(for subtitling),
theemisija
Copyright
Directive
energije
na deponijama,
će rezultirati
višestrukim
efektom
smanjivanja
stakleničkih
plinova.
Prema
ovom scenariju
nijeTelecoms
realno očekivati
da će(for
do 2015.god.
doći do potpunog
provođenja
(for
copyright
exemptions),
and the
Framework
assistive technologies).
e-Accessibility
novog
načina
upravljanja
otpadom,
odnosno
osjetniji
efekti
primjene
ovih
mjera
s
aspekta
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmaticsmanjenja
support.
emisija nastupit će nakon 2020. god. (Grafikon 29).
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Prema iznesenim numeričkim pokazateljima prema naprednom scenariju ukupno direktno
Thereemisija
is at least
a five-fold
justification
for early
action
in the
area
e-Accessibility:
smanjenje
stakleničkih
plinova
na završetku
perioda
iznosi
oko
8%.ofSvakako
da je navedena
vrijednost još izraženija ako se uzmu indirektni benefiti kao što je na primjer proizvodnja energije
koja se1.bazira
na spaljivanju
deponijskog
plina,
koja zamjenjuje
energetski
ekvivalent
It is worthwhile
in its
own right to
improve
access to services
to people
whokorištenjem
are already
fosilnih goriva. Međutim, neophodno je istaknuti da ograničena financijska i drugih sredstava realno
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
predstavljaju ozbiljnu prepreku za realiziranje bilo koje navedene opcije u upravljanju otpadom, što
increase
the disadvantages
populations
face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
će definitivno
utjecati
na efikasnostcertain
njihovog
implementiranja.
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
S3 scenarij se zasniva na primjeni postojećih tehničkih dostignuća i legislative koja se
2. Improving
access
to services,
private,
to suchda
a significant
proportion
of the
primjenjuje
u zemljama
Evropske
unije.public
To je and
rezultat
nastojanja
BiH u analiziranom
periodu
population
opens
market/sales
opportunities,
and can koje
help public
servicesu fulfil
postane
članica EU
što significant
znači da će
trebati intenzivirati
sve aktivnosti
su planirane
ovoj
oblasti.their
Osnova
zainovaj
scenarij
je izgradnja
remit
a cost
effective
manner.svih 16 planiranih sanitarnih regionalnih deponija do
kraja 2025.god. U skladu s tim bit će značajno unaprijeđen inicijalni sistem za selektivno odlaganje
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
146
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
it can
reducekorištenja
the cost of
service
development,
and enhance
the
i prikupljanje
otpadapeople;
i njegovog
daljnjeg
za web
potrebe
reciklaže
ili proizvodnje
energije.
Pretpostavlja
se
da
će
stopa
reciklaže
(odnosno
kompostiranja
biorazgradivog
otpada)
do
kraja
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
2020. god. iznositi oko 10% ukupno proizvedenog biorazgradivog komunalnog otpad,a odnosno
Thekraja
earlier
action
taken,
the easier it isotpada,
to integrate
into spalio
development
oko 20%4.do
2025.
god.is Dio
biorazgradivog
premae-Accessibility
ovom scenariju,
bi se uof
spalionicama
otpada
uz to
proizvodnju
iskorištenje energije u kogenerativnim postrojenjima. Prema
e-Services
and
lower the icost.
Strategiji upravljanja čvrstim otpadom i INC-u za BiH realno je očekivati da će 20% čvrstog otpada
5. Pursuing
that
follow
EU guidelines
and
recommendations
willisti
assist
in the
biti spaljeno
do 2020.approaches
god., odnosno
25%
do 2025.
god. Prema
ovim
podacima približno
procenti
aspects
of the development
the Information
Society
in može
the EU
convergence
different
biorazgradivog
otpadaofbit
će spaljen
i u spalionicama
otpada.ofEnergetski
sadržaj
otpada
da budeand
efikasnije
iskorišten
kroz
termalne
procese
nego
kroz
produkciju
bioplina,
jer
se
tokom
SEE countries.
paljenja energija direktno dobija iz biomase (produkata papira, drveta, prirodnog tekstila, hrane) i
izvora fosilnog karbona (plastika, sintetički tekstili). Ostatak biorazgradivog otpada,16 prema ovom
scenariju, odlagat će se na regionalne deponije na kojima će biti izgrađeni sistemi za spaljivanje
metana na baklji i/ili postrojenja za proizvodnju električne energije.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country
Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Grafikon 29. Prosječne godišnje emisije CO2 eq iz sektora otpada u BiH,
UNDP’s Democratic Governance
Thematic
Trust
Fund
the South Eastern Europe region
za period
2010-2025,
prema
S1,to
S2support
i S3 scenariju
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
činjenice,
očekivani
iznos smanjena
emisija stakleničkih
plinova
regionalUvažavajući
action plansve
foristaknute
Information
Society
development,
and the UNCRPD.
The programmatic
u sektoru otpada na kraju perioda iznosit će oko 20% od početne emisije za baznu godinu.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
količinaOffices
biorazgradivog
čvrstog
komunalnog
with the-Smanjenje
fellow UNDP Country
in the region,
while
the Officeotpada;
of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
- Povećanje količina razvrstanog i recikliranog otpada u ukupnoj masi otpada;
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries. novih regionalnih sanitarnih deponija uz smanjenje broja divljih deponija;
-Izgradnja
4.7.3. Mjere smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova u
sektoru otpada
16 Predviđen je isti nivo efikasnosti prikupljanja otpada.
147
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
-Spaljivanje deponijskog plina i proizvodnja energije;
-Kosagorijevanje selektiranog komunalnog otpada u svrhu proizvodnje energije;
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
-Uklanjanje i čišćenje nelegalnih deponija otpada i rehabilitacija degradiranih područja;
-
Povećanje broja stanovnika pokrivenih službom sakupljanja čvrstog komunalnog otpada;
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
-Uvođenje privatnih kompanija u prikupljanju i odlaganja otpada;
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description
of the produkcije
major instruments
actions at
the European Union level relating to
-Smanjenje
svih oblikaand
komunalnog
otpada;
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
-Unaprjeđenje postojeće legislative u oblasti upravljanja otpadom na nivou entiteta i BiH.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
4.8.Ukupan
potencijal
smanjenja
emisija
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming
the range of barriers
that people with
disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society. stakleničkih plinova
Analogno istaknutim pokazateljima o sektorskim emisijama mogu da se donesu egzaktni
e-Accessibility
potentially
refer to any
type ofkoje
ICT used
by citizens,
and involves
everything
zaključci o ukupnim can
emisijama
iz navedenih
sektora
za baznu
2010. god.
iznose oko
21.249
GgCO
eq
(Grafikon
30).
U
navedenu
vrijednost
nisu
inkorporirani
ponorski
kapaciteti
koje
ostvaruje
from
websites
for
e-government
services,
to
telephony
support
for
blind
people
to
subtitling
on
2
sektor
šumarstva
koji
iznose
oko
7.327,5
GgCO
eq.
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across
the European Union has a disability, such as a
2
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Grafikon
30. Ukupne
godišnje
emisije
eq iz sektora
daljinskog
saobraćaja,
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil
the CO
promise
of the energetike,
Information
Societygrijanja,
to reduce
rather than
2
poljoprivrede
i
otpada
u
BiH,
za
period
2010-2025,
prema
S1,
S2
i
S3
scenariju
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Na grafikonu 30. su također prezentirani emisijski scenariji kojima je za BiH modelirana
kvantitativno-vremenska
dinamika
stakleničkih
plinova
za to
period
osnovu izgleda
2. Improving access
to services,
public and
private,
such 2010-2025.
a significantNa
proportion
of the
grafikona
jasno
je
uočljivo
da
su
scenariji
S1
i
S2
s
izrazitim
trendovima
kontinuiranog
porasta
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
emisija koje na kraju analiziranog perioda iznose 31.956 odnosno 31.077 GgCO2eq. S3 scenarij ima
their
remit in a cost
effective
manner.
obilježja
ublažavajućeg
scenarija
koji
za rezultat ima smanjenje ukupnih emisija od oko 16.055
na kraju perioda.
GgCO2eq
3. Improving
e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
148
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5.Ostale relevantne
aktivnostI
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2.UAbout
this report
ovom poglavlju je dat pregled aktivnosti koje su ostvarene s ciljem da se ispune zadaci
i ciljevi - potrebe u odnosu na Prvi nacionalni izvještaj. Analizirano je stanje napretka i potreba
The
specific goals
of this report
are:za ublažavanje i prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama, te
za tehnološkim
transferom
u BiH
stanje u oblasti istraživanja, praćenja i prognoziranja klime i sistematskih osmatranja i opisuje
se unapređenje
oblasti
i hidrološkog
sistema.
Također se including
razmatraju
nedostaci,
1. to outline
themeteorološkog
international context
regarding
e-Accessibility
existing
legal
potrebe i prioriteti u oblasti obrazovanja i jačanju svijesti javnosti, uključujući predložene aktivnosti
instruments and strategic level documents;
za provođenje u članu 6. Konvencije o obrazovanju, obuci i jačanju svijesti javnosti.
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
5.1.Procjena tehnoloških potreba za
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4.ublažavanje
to identify good practices iin prilagođavanje
the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
5.1.1. Pristup Okvirnoj konvenciji UN-a o klimatskim
promjenama (UNFCCC)
5.1.1.1.Mehanizam
čistog
razvoja
This report is part of a larger
project,
‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being
in the
of the2011.
e-SEEgodine
Initiative.
It is a regional
project
Bosnaimplemented
i Hercegovina
je ucontext
septembru
formirala
Ovlašteno
tijelodesigned
(DNA) zaby
the
UNDP Country
Office Mehanizma
in Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
supported
DG/BDPOkvirne
NY, and
funded byUN
the
implementaciju
projekata
čistog
razvoja u okviru
Kjotoby
protokola
konvencije
o promjeni
klime, i doGovernance
danas je ovoThematic
tijelo odobrilo
projekta
procijenjenim
smanjenjem
UNDP’s
Democratic
Trust četiri
Fund CDM
to support
thesSouth
Eastern Europe
region
emisija
plinova koji izazivaju
efekt staklene
baščeSociety
(GHG) Priority
u iznosu
od of
oko
miliona
tona COthe
in
the implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Area
the3e-SEE
Agenda+,
2
ekvivalenta i vrijednosti stranih ulaganja u Bosnu i Hercegovinu u iznosu od oko 300 miliona eura.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Naravno, mehanizmi Konvencije nisu jedini način transfera tehnologije, oni su samo inicijalni.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Potrebno je da zemlja preduzme praktične korake ka postepenom usvajanju ciljeva za
The project is being
implemented
thebiSarajevo-based
e-SEE
Initiative
smanjenje/ograničenje
stakleničkih
plinova by
kako
mogla preuzeti UNDP-funded
acquis, posebno
program
EU
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
networks
and
Empowering
za trgovinu emisijama,
te kako
bi se existing
pridružilaknowledge,
naporima koje
EU ulaže
na resources.
snižavanju emisija.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
5.1.1.2.
na klimatske
promjene
with
the fellowStrategija
UNDP Countryprilagođavanja
Offices in the region, while
the Office of Senior
ICT Advisori at the BDP
in New York isniskoemisionog
providing expertise andrazvoja
playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Na countries.
osnovu klimatskih i scenarija za ublažavanje klimatskih promjena razvijenih tokom
respective
izrade SNC-a, pristupilo se izradi Strategije prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene i niskokarbonskog razvoja koja ima dva glavna cilja: 1) povećanje otpornosti na klimatske promjene i
149
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dostizanje vrha i 2) prestanak rasta godišnjih vrijednosti emisija stakleničkih plinova 2025. godine.
Strategija jasno definiše rezultate i aktivnosti, kao i sredstava neophodna za njihovo provođenje, a
sve u svrhu dostizanja održivog razvoja.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
5.1.2. Procjena tehnoloških potreba za ublažavanje i
This section prilagođavanje
presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections,
the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Bosna i Hercegovina se ubraja u red evropskih zemalja koje su pod značajnom prijetnjom od
byklimatskih
a description
of thekoje
major
instruments
andza
actions
at the
European
Unioni koje
levelsu
relating
to
promjena,
imaju
malo resursa
rješavanje
pratećih
problema
relativno
disability
in general
andmeđunarodne
e-Accessibility
in particular.
nerazvijene
u smislu
suradnje
u ovoj oblasti. Uzimajući u obzir da države koje nisu
članice Aneksa I trpe najveće posljedice klimatskih promjena, vrlo je važno da one analiziraju
scenarije razvoja i u skladu s tim definiraju politike održivog razvoja, koje će sadržavati mjere
prilagođavanja i ublažavanja. Analizom karakteristika SRES scenarija razvoja koje su urađene za
potrebe izrade ovog dokumenta, vidljivo je da svaki scenarij pruža određene razvojne mogućnosti. Te
e-Accessibility
is strategija
about overcoming
the range
of barriers
that people
with
disabilitiestihand
others
šanse zavise od
razvoja pojedinih
država
i uklapanja,
odnosno
neuklapanja
strategija
u globalne
razvoja.
such
as olderscenarije
populations
experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
5.1.3.
Stanjecanprenosa
tehnologija
BiH
e-Accessibility
potentially refer
to any type of ICTu
used
by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Bosna i Hercegovina je, kao zemlja u razdoblju tranzicije i obnove, uglavnom završila proces
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
vlasničke transformacije, kao i proces organizacijskog restrukturiranja kao rezultat postojanja
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor impairment,
anddošlo
SEE do
countries
can expect
to have
vlasnika
poduzeća.
Samo
je u ograničenom
broju slučajeva
tehnološkog
transfera:
to sua
similar
or higher
proportion.
bila velika
poduzeća
čiji su većinski vlasnici postale velike multinacionalne kompanije. Ovo je bilo
propraćeno i mjerama čiji je cilj bio smanjenje utjecaja na životnu sredinu. Vrlo malo je urađeno u
povećanju
energetske
efikasnosti
i uof
korištenju
obnovljive
energije.regulations
Preduzećima
BiH je potrebna
A perhaps
surprising
number
international
agreements,
anduguidelines
cover
tehnološka tranzicija. Provođenje mjera smanjenja emisija plinova staklene bašče je zaista prava
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
prilika i šansa da se, uz međunarodnu stručnu i financijsku pomoć, pokrene tehnološka tranzicija.
the
relevantproblem
legal context.
No single EUbarijerama:
directive isod
dedicated
e-Accessibility,
butneadekvatne
actions are
Međutim,
je u mnogobrojnim
neznanjatoi nepovjerenja
pa do
spread
areasStoga
such as
Without
Frontiers (fornajboljih
subtitling),
the Copyright
Directive
pravneacross
regulative.
je Television
pogodno izvršiti
demonstraciju
raspoloživih
tehnika
(BAT)
i
tehnologija
u
BiH,
sa
svim
njihovim
aspektima:
tehničkim,
ekonomskim,
ekološkim,
tržišnim,
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
i socijalnim.
Veoma
važno nakon
implementacije
uvođenja
neke tehnologije
ispravnim
also covered
by policy,
andjeguidelines
andpočetka
benchmarking
exist for
programmatic
support.
ustanoviti praćenje, kako bi se pratili rezultati i uklanjale sve poteškoće kod novih projekata.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Prema INC za BiH je predviđen niz mjera - tehnoloških potreba u različitim sektorima koji
vode smanjenju
klimatskih
promjenafor
u Bosni
i Hercegovini.
Oveofmjere
su predstavljene
There is atutjecaja
least a five-fold
justification
early action
in the area
e-Accessibility:
u prvom izvještaju, ali je u izvještajnom razdoblju vrlo malo urađeno u implementaciji ovih mjera.
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Bosna i Hercegovina nema posebno izgrađenu infrastrukturu za identifikaciju potreba,
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil the promise
of the Information
Society
to podsticaja.
reduce rather
than
sakupljanje
informacija
o raspoloživim
tehnologijama,
niti poseban
sistem
Za uvoz
increase
the
certain
populations
face.
Conversely,
insufficient
in this
tehnologija
u BiH
nedisadvantages
postoje posebne
povlastice,
a jedino
se može
iskoristiti
zakonskaeffort
mogućnost
da su strana
u formi marginalize
osnivačkog uloga
carine i poreza na dodanu vrijednost,
area isulaganja
likely to further
theseoslobođena
groups.
tj. tehnologija (znanje i oprema) su oslobođeni carina i poreza ukoliko se knjiže kao osnivački ulog
Improving 17access
to services,
public and private,
to such
a significant
of the
stranog2.investitora.
Ograničenja
zbog nedostatka
podsticaja
bi trebala
biti uzetaproportion
u obzir kada
se
population
opens
significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
rade modeli
transfera
tehnologije.
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving
the
marginalized
17Informacija
dobijena ue-Accessibility
FIPA-i 9. februarafor
2009.
godine
2
150
could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people; izvora
it canenergije
reduce the
cost of web
service
development,
anddovest
enhance
the
Upotreba
obnovljivih
i provođenje
mjera
energetske
efikasnosti
će do
smanjenja
energetske
zavisnosti
države
i
poboljšanja
kvaliteta
životne
sredine,
ali
i
do
povećanja
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
konkurentnosti privrede BiH. Uz dobro osmišljen program te mjere će rezultirati razvojem privrede
4. The
action dugogodišnja
is taken, the easier
it isproizvodnje
to integrateopreme
e-Accessibility
into development
uz naglasak
daearlier
u BiH postoji
tradicija
za termotehničke
sisteme.of
U posljednjih
nekoliko
više
poduzeća
u BiH usmjerava svoje aktivnosti na polje proizvodnje
e-Services
andgodina
to lower
the
cost.
opreme i sistema za korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
aspects of the
development
of the Information
in the EU
of different
Uconvergence
okviru podsticajnih
mehanizama
Konvencije
UNFCCC-a,
uz nedavnoSociety
uspostavljeno
državno and
tijelo
za
primjenu
mehanizama
čistog
razvoja,
počele
su
aktivnosti
na
pripremi
CDM
SEE countries.
projekata. Projekti se odnose na N2O (koksna industrija), CH4 (rudnici), SF6 (termoelektrane) i CO2
(male hidroelektrane). Projekat smanjenja emisija N2O u koksnoj industriji realiziran je u 2012.
godini uvođenjem nove tehnologije smanjenja N2O, odnosno ugradnjom katalizatora za koji se
očekuje se da će smanjiti između 80 i 90% trenutnih emisija N2O.
1.2. About this report
The specific
goals of
this reportefikasnosti,
are:
U pogledu
energetske
dodatno je odgođeno usvajanje Nacionalnog akcionog
plana za energetsku efikasnost s ciljem da se ispune obaveza iz Ugovora o Energetskoj zajednici.
Naime, tim
je pripremio
nacrt
plana, regarding
ali zbog administrativnih
još uvijek
1. toeksperata
outline the
international
context
e-Accessibilityprocedura
including on
existing
legal
nije usvojen.
instruments and strategic level documents;
Postignut
je a
mali
napredakpicture
u pogledu
obnovljive energije.
Entiteti people
su uveli
podsticaje
2. to develop
comparative
of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
versus
people
(zajamčene
tarife)
za
proizvođače
energije
koji
koriste
obnovljive
izvore.
Međutim,
oni
nisu
usklađeni.
with disabilities;
Ne postoji strateški pristup za promoviranje obnovljive energije. Složenost organizacijske strukture
i sistema
odluka
ugrožava
promoviranje
obnovljive stakeholders;
energije na državnom
3. donošenja
to assess the
current
level ofučinkovito
e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
nivou. Potrebno
je više
napora
da se in
stvori
regulatorno okruženje koje će podsticati veću upotrebu
4. to identify
good
practices
the region;
izvora obnovljive energije u svim sektorima. Potrebno je da Bosna i Hercegovina uloži dalje napore
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
na unapređenju udjela obnovljive energije u potrošnji energije u zemlji.
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
5.2.Pregled planova i programa za
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
sistematsko
osmatranje
that is being
implemented in the context
of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Jedna od bitnih pretpostavki uspješne borbe protiv klimatskih promjena je i jačanje
UNDP’s
Democratic
Thematic
Trust Fundito
support the
South Eastern
Europe region
kapaciteta
pod kojim Governance
se podrazumijeva
institucionalno
kadrovsko
osposobljavanje
i usavršavanje,
in
implementation
of the Inclusive
Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
te the
unapređenje
meteorološkog
praćenja.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Realizacijom
aktivnosti
na formiranju
i otvaranju,
tetargets
osavremenjavanju
i unapređenju rada
priorities
of the project
are therefore
fully aligned
with the
of e-SEE Agenda+.
mreže meteoroloških stanica na području BiH (kako je to navedeno u INC), pored meteorološkog
monitoringa
značajno
bi bilaimplemented
unaprijeđenabyi klimatska
baza, odnosno
produženie-SEE
mnogiInitiative
nizovi
The project
is being
the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
podataka koji postoje odranije, iz razdoblja prije 1992. godine. Posebno treba istaknuti potrebu da­
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their existing
knowledge,
networks
and resources.
Empowering
ljnje modernizacije
mrežeon
meteoroloških
stanica
uvođenjem
automatskih
meteoroloških
stanica,
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
within
the Social
te njihovim povezivanjem
u sistem automatskog
monitoringa
zajedno
s hidrološkim
stanicama,
posebno u svrhu automatskog
i softverske
slivovima,
te
Inclusion/Democratic
Governancemonitoringa
Sector. The UNDP
Countrykontrole
Office insituacije
Sarajevo na
is working
closely
planiranja
potrošnje
vode
za
potrebe
elektroprivrede,
vodoprivrede,
poljoprivrede,
ostalih
djelatno­
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
sti i stanovništva.
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional
e-Governance
Taskforce (REGATA)
as government
Points
for their
Značajno
je istaknutiAdvisory
da su u izvještajnom
razdobljuact
urađeni
prvi koraci Focal
koji vode
efikasnom
respective
ispunjenju countries.
ovih planova. Oni uključuju nabavku nove opreme u hidrometeorološkim zavodima,
obuku osoblja u ovim zavodima, izradu klimatskih scenarija itd.
151
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
5.3.Obrazovanje, obuka i jačanje svijesti
U skladu sa članom 6. UNFCCC-a, države članice se podstiču da izgrade sisteme za
promociju i razvoj obrazovanja, podizanje svijesti i obuku o klimatskim promjenama. Ove aktivnosti
mogu da pomognu u realizaciji dugoročnih strategija i politika u vezi s klimatskim promjenama.
Veoma je važno da se organizuje koordinirana zajednička implementacija između različitih
zainteresovanih strana, naročito vladinih institucija i civilnog društva.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements
it sets inaktivnosti
all aspects
e-Accessibility
and ihow
it is to be
implemented.
is followed
Dosadašnje
u of
oblasti
obrazovanja
u oblasti
podizanja
svijestiThis
o klimatskim
nisu
dobro organizirane
rezultati
su at
dosta
Drugog
bypromjenama
a description
of bile
the major
instruments iand
actions
the skromni.
EuropeanTokom
Unionpripreme
level relating
to
nacionalnog
izvještaja
urađeno
je
i
istraživanje
javnosti
Bosne
i
Hercegovine
o
klimatskim
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
promjenama, čiji dio rezultata je prikazan sljedećim grafikonima:
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
152
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
Grafikoni 31. Rezultati istrživanja javnosti o klimatskim promjenama
The specific goals of this report are:
Najveći broj ispitanika, 82,8%, vjeruje da zaista dolazi do globalne promjene klime, dok
je 4,3% skeptično. Nesigurnost o ovom pitanju je izrazilo 13% ispitanika. S druge strane, skoro
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
polovica anketiranih, 44,9%, smatra da je uglavnom malo informirano o klimatskim promjenama
instruments
and strategic dok
level12.9%
documents;
i njihovim
mogućim posljedicama,
ne zna ništa o ovoj temi. Većina ispitanika vjeruju da
će klimatske
promjene
direktno utjecati
naofpoljoprivredu
(oko
zatim na
šumarstvo
2. to develop
a comparative
picture
e-Accessibility
for81%),
able-bodied
people
versus (48%),
people
turizam (oko 16%), energetiku (15%) i industriju (10%).
with disabilities;
Možemo
reći the
da ispitanici
imaju
mišljenje
kada se govoristakeholders;
o aktivnostima koje bi
3. to assess
current level
ofpodijeljeno
e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
trebalo poduzeti u narednom razdoblju. 35,1% ispitanika smatra da je potrebno poduzeti određene
4. to identify good practices in the region;
mjere u toku narednih nekoliko godina, dok 34,3% smatra da je zbog ozbiljnosti problema potrebno
to develop
a set of recommendations
for government
other(21,9%)
stakeholders
how to:
napraviti5.snažnija
ograničenja
u što skorijem periodu.
Svaki peti and
ispitanik
ne znaon
dovoljno
address the iobstacles
o klimatskim
promjenama
smatra datojee-Accessibility;
potrebno nastaviti istraživanja, dok 7,2% ne bi poduzelo
ništa. Da- tehnološki
razvoj
može doprinijeti
promjena mišljenje je 53,3%
comply
with requirements
forublažavanju
the UN and klimatskih
EU.
ispitanika, pri čemu 24,6% smatra da je ovaj utjecaj moguć samo u izvjesnoj mjeri. Suprotno
tome, 45% ispitanika sumnja u utjecaj tehnološkog razvoja na ublažavanje klimatskih promjena,
a čak 30,5% smatra da može ostvariti suprotan efekat i da ga čak pogorša. Ispitanici informacije
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
o klimatskim promjenama dobijaju u najvećem broju od medija (76,7%), a u znatno manjem
that
being implemented
in the
context(6,3%),
of the e-SEE
Initiative.
It is a regional
project designed
brojuissituacija
od istraživačkih
instituta
nevladinih
organizacija
(5,5%), pojedinaca
(4,3%),by
the
UNDP Country
univerziteta
(3,1%) iOffice
slično.in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Jedna petina anketiranih
nije upoznata
s mjerama
BiH poduzima
pitanjuAgenda+,
suočavanja
in the implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
Societykoje
Priority
Area of theu e-SEE
the
s klimatskim promjenama. Nešto manje od tri četvrtine, 72,6%, mišljenja je da BiH ne poduzima
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
dovoljno u ovom smislu, dok 7,9% smatra da čini dovoljno.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Prema rezultatima ankete, najvažnije ciljne grupe koja trebaju biti svjesne značaja i
Theklimatskih
project is promjena
being implemented
by theseSarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
posljedica
na Zemlji, može
uočiti da su to nadležni
iz državnih
institucija
(oko 54%), šira
javnost (okoon
30%),
mladi
(26%),knowledge,
poslovni sektor
(oko 19%),
(oko 18%)
i nevladin
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their
existing
networks
andmediji
resources.
Empowering
sektor (oko 8%).
Također,
najviše ispitanika
da bi
ovim promjenama
bili direktno
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and smatra
the e-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
within pogođeni
the Social
poljoprivreda (oko 81%), zatim šumarstvo (oko 48%), turizam (oko 16%), energetika (oko 15%) i
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
industrija (oko 10%).
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York
is providing
expertise and
playing
an advisory
role.i Government-appointed
Jedna
polovica ispitanika
vjeruje
u snagu
pojedinca
aktivizam u zajednici, members
pa smatraof
da bi
organizirane
akcije pojedinaca
mogle značajnije
utjecaj klimatskih
promjena.
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory Taskforce
(REGATA)reducirati
act as government
Focal Points
for their
Optimistični
u
čak
37,4%
slučajeva
imaju
konkretne
prijedloge
mjera
koje
pojedinci
mogu
poduzeti
respective countries.
s ciljem da se smanje klimatske promjene i globalno zagrijavanje, i one se u najvećem broju
odnose na: programe kojima se podstiče očuvanje okoliša (4,8%) i jača eko svijest (4,3%), bezbjedno
153
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
uklanjanje otpada (3,7%) i upotreba alternativnih izvora energije (2.3%). Broj ispitanika koji su se
aktivno uključili u borbu za smanjenje utjecaja klimatskih promjena i ličnim primjerom pokazali
kako pojedinac može dosta toga postići je isti kao i kod onih koji vjeruju u snagu aktivizma. Vrlo je
vjerovatno da su upravo oni koji su pokazali optimizam i vjeru u udruženu akciju pojedinaca upravo
i oni koji su motivirani da poduzmu nešto konkretno. S druge strane, 14,7% se nikako ne bi uključilo
u aktivnosti ovog tipa, dok bi 40% razmislilo i možda participiralo ako bi akcija bila širih razmjera.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Rezultati istraživanja nedvosmisleno idu u prilog činjenici da obrazovanje, obuka i jačanje
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
svijesti javnosti u svim sferama koje se tiču klimatskih promjena, njihovim mogućim posljedicama
requirements
it sets
in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how
it isi to
be implemented.
This
is followed
kao i mjerama
za njihovo
ublažavanje
i prilagođavanje,
jeste
treba
ostati jedan od
prioriteta
za
byBosnu
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
i Hercegovinu u narednom razdoblju.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
5.3.1. Propusti i potrebe u obrazovanju i jačanju kapaciteta
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
U sistemu obrazovanja u Bosni i Hercegovini, podjednako u oba entiteta, nije se vodilo
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
posebno računa o životnoj sredini a pogotovo ne o klimatskim promjenama, iako je u Ustavu to
such
as older
when
seeking to
participate
on equal
terms
in the
pitanje
jasnopopulations
naznačeno.experience
Strategije za
obrazovanje
iz oblasti
životne
sredine,
kojima
će Information
se elementi
Society.
životne sredine, uključujući i klimatske promjene integrirati u nastavne planove i programe
osnovnih, srednjih i stručnih škola, kao i univerziteta , još uvijek nisu donesene.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Države u Jugoistočnoj Evropi dodjeljuju samo skromna sredstva po glavi stanovnika za
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
razvoj i primjenu znanja. Zbog toga se predlaže uspostavljanje određenih oblika naučne suradnje
television.
to 15 percent
of therazvoja.
population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
u razvoju Up
i provođenju
održivog
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
za izgradnju kapaciteta u Bosni i Hercegovini su detaljno opisani u Prvom nacio­
similar orPrioriteti
higher proportion.
nalnom izvještaju i kao takvi ostali su nepromijenjeni i tokom izrade Drugog nacionalnog izvještaja.
Postoji potreba da se ojačaju kapaciteti postojećeg kadra u sektoru zaštite životne sredine na svim
A perhaps surprising
international
agreements,
regulations
guidelines
cover
administrativnim
nivoima, tenumber
je zbogof
toga
potrebno razvijati
godišnji
programeand
obuke
za kadar
koji
this
At theživotne
highest
international
level,
the UNCRPD,
and coming
into force u
insuradnji
2008, is
radiarea.
u oblasti
sredine,
na osnovi
procjene
potreba.ratified
Obuka mora
biti organizirana
s jednom
više stručnih
su sposobne
pružiti takve
programe obuke.
the
relevantililegal
context. institucija,
No single koje
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
S druge strane, službenici iz oblasti okoliša bi trebali organizirati obuku za industrije u
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
oblike programa obuke s fokusom na prevenciju zagađivanja i koncept IPCC -a, Sistem okolinskog
isupravljanja
also covered
by policy, and
guidelines
and benchmarking
exist
for programmatic
support.
(Environmental
Management
System
- EMS) i uvođenje
standarda
s ciljem uspostavljanja
Furthermore,
moves are
afoot tou strengthen
and to enact more legislation.
adekvatne i efikasne
suradnja
privrednomthese
sektoru.
Uvođenjem
obrazovnih
zaštite
sredine i klimatskih
There
is at least
a five-foldprograma
justificationzaforaktivnosti
early action
in theživotne
area of e-Accessibility:
promjena na svim administrativnim nivoima na osnovu godišnjih programa, postojeće osoblje bi
moglo povećati svoje vještine i novo bi osoblje bilo obučeno. Jačanje kapaciteta i obuku službenika,
1. It na
is worthwhile
in its radile
own right
to improve access
to services
to people
who are already
uglavnom
lokalnom nivou,
su međunarodne
organizacije
(UNDP,
GIZ) prvenstveno
kroz
It helps
fulfil the
promise
of thei akcionih
Information
Society
to reduce
rather than
izradu marginalized.
i praćenje lokalnih
ekoloških
akcionih
planova
planova
za održivu
energiju.
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
5.3.2Jačanje
svijesti
2. Improving access
to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population
opens aktivnosti,
significant bilo
market/sales
opportunities,
andilican
help public services
fulfil
Sve spomenute
da se govori
o formalnom
neformalnom
obrazovanju,
their remit
in a cost
manner. medija kao najbržeg sredstva djelovanja na javno
neophodno
je provoditi
uz effective
stalnu prisutnost
mišljenje. Jačanje svijesti je do sada poduzimano jedino od nadležnih ministarstava na nivou
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
154
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
people;
it canraspravama,
reduce the cost
of web
service development,
and enhance
the
entiteta,able-bodied
u pojedinačnim
javnim
nekim
neprofesionalnim
informacijama
koje su
objavljene
u
medijima
i
pojedinačnim
aktivnostima
civilnog
društva.
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The
taken,informacija
the easier it
to integrate
e-Accessibility
development
Iako
suearlier
medijiaction
glavniisizvori
u is
oblasti
klimatskih
promjena,into
do sada
je ulogaof
medija ue-Services
jačanju svijesti
o klimatskim
and to lower
the cost.promjenama bila nedovoljno aktivna, te u tom pravcu
treba uraditi određene pomake. Neophodan je veći broj dokumentarnih programa o klimatskim
5. Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist in the
promjenama,
javnih rasprava
i diskusija
na državnim
TV stanicama
s političarima, predstavnicima
aspects ofodnosno,
the development
of theodluka
Information
Societyrazvojnim
in the EU
convergence
of different
javnih poduzeća
i privatnim
poduzetnicima,
donositeljima
o strateškim
ciljevimaand
i projektima.
Evidentna
je
potrebna
da
se
jasno
profilira
dodatna
obuka
domaćih
novinara
i
SEE countries.
javnih radnika u kontekstu njihovog adekvatnog doprinosa održivom razvoju, što uključuje strategije
niskokarbonskog razvoja i prilagođavanja rizicima od klimatskih promjena.
1.2.Potrebno
About
this report
je, kada se govori o klimatskim promjenama i prilagođavanju, izbjegavati nega­
tivan žargon i zastrašivanje i stvoriti pozitivnu sliku o potrebama i mogućnostima uz odmjereno
The
specific goals
of this Istraživanja
report are: pokazuju da se ljudi bolje odazivaju na pozitivne poruke, koje
prezentiranje
posljedica.
omogućavaju lokalno djelovanje te se preporučuje zajednički znak (logo) i slogan, koji bi bio oko­
snica kampanje
i motiv
prepoznavanja
države
u cjelini.e-Accessibility including existing legal
1. to outline
the
internationalstava
context
regarding
instruments and strategic level documents;
Iako se preko 100 nevladinih organizacija u BiH izjasnilo da su primarno orijentirani prema
zaštiti životne
sredine,
kao i prema klimatskim
promjenama, for
Bosna
i Hercegovina
tek koncem
2. to develop
a comparative
picture of e-Accessibility
able-bodied
peoplejeversus
people
maja 2012.
godine
otvorila
svoj
prvi
Arhus
centar.
Putem
Arhus
centra
promoviraju
se
razumijevanje
with disabilities;
i primjena Arhus konvencije, te suradnja između nadležnih vlasti, civilnog društva, pravosuđa,
privatnog
i šire level
javnosti
povodom pitanja
životne sredine,
te je ostvarena
3. sektora,
to assessmedija
the current
of e-Accessibility
andzaštite
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
značajna4.suradnja
s good
mnogim
okolišnim
nevladinim
to identify
practices
in the
region; organizacijama kojima je pružena podrška za
uspostavu Zelene parlamentarne grupe u Parlamentarnoj skupštini Bosne i Hercegovine.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
5.3.3. Ciljevi koje treba ispuniti u oblastima obrazovanja,
obuke i podizanja svijesti
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
U oblastima
obrazovanja,
obuke iof
podizanja
svijesti
u vezi
s klimatskim
promjenama
kaoby
that is being
implemented
in the context
the e-SEE
Initiative.
It is
a regional project
designed
prioritet
su
osmišljeni
sljedeći
ciljevi:
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
−Edukacija o efektima i uzrocima klimatskih promjena, kao i mjerama ublažavanja i priin the implementation
the Inclusive
Information
Society
Priority
Area na
of the
lagođavanjaofklimatskim
promjenama,
trebala
bi biti
podignuta
viši e-SEE
nivo; Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
−Trebali
bi seare
održavati
stručni
skupovi with
o potrebi
uvođenja
učenjaAgenda+.
o klimatskim prompriorities
of the project
therefore
fully aligned
the targets
of e-SEE
jenama u nastavne programe svih nivoa formalnog obrazovanja (s najboljim praksama iz
potrebno
je da se odabere
model za BiH;
The okruženja)
project is ibeing
implemented
by thenajbolji
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
−Obrazovne institucije bi trebale na svim nivoima usvojiti strategiju obrazovanja o klimatMarginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and obrazovanju;
the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
skim
promjenama
u formalnom
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Provesti
državnih
službenika,
uključujući
predstavnike
ministarstava
obrawith the−
fellow
UNDPedukaciju
Country Offices
in the
region, while
the Office
of Senior ICT
Advisor at the
BDP
zovanja
o
uzrocima
i
efektima
klimatskih
promjena
i
njihovoj
integraciji
u
nastavne
proin New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
grame i standarde;
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
− countries.
Provesti edukaciju profesora i nastavnika o neophodnosti uvođenja u obrazovanje teme o
klimatskim promjenama, kao i o metodama predavanja;
155
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
− Potrebno je u formalnom obrazovanju i privrednom sektoru imenovati tim stručnjaka za
obrazovanje o klimatskim promjenama;
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
− Potrebno je održati stručne skupove o povezivanju neformalnog obrazovanja i privatnih i
javnih preduzeća s ciljem prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama i ublažavanja njihovih
posljedica;
− Političari,
predstavnici
medija trebaju
biti educirani and
o uzrocima
i efektima kliThis section
presentsprivrednici,
an overview
of the UNCRPD,
its significance
main sections,
the
posredstvom
projekata
razvojnim
strategijama;
requirementsmatskih
it sets inpromjena
all aspects
of e-Accessibility
andusklađenih
how it is tosbe
implemented.
This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
− Političari, privrednici, predstavnici medija trebaju biti educirani o međunarodnim meha­
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
nizmima financiranja projekata u oblasti ublažavanja i prilagođavanja na klimatske pro­
mjene, kao i o načinima podnošenja projekata;
1.1. −Why
e-Accessibility?
Pokrenuti
kampanju o klimatskim promjenama i njenim posljedicama, te usvojiti zaštitni
znak
i slogan
kampanje za
period. that people with disabilities and others
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
thekratkoročni
range of barriers
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
5.4.Priprema
operativnih programa za
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites
for e-government services,
to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
informiranje
javnosti
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Znanje speech,
i svijest ocognitive,
klimatskim
u BiH suand
na nedovoljnom
nivou,
je i potvrđeno
visual, hearing,
or promjenama
motor impairment,
SEE countries
can što
expect
to have a
rezultatima
istraživanja
koje
je
provedeno
tokom
izrade
Drugog
nacionalnog
izvještaja.
Koliko je
similar or higher proportion.
prostor BiH ranjiv na klimatske promjene i koliko će se to osjetiti u kvalitetu života i privređivanja, ni
građani, ni privrednici, ni političari, izgleda, nisu u potpunosti svjesni. Stoga je prioritetan zadatak
perhaps
surprisinginformacija.
number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
da svi A
dođu
do relevantnih
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant
legal informacije
context. Nokoje
single
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Osnovne
moraju
doći do svakoga
su sljedeće:
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
1. Bosna
i Hercegovina
ranjiva naFramework
klimatske promjene,
(for copyright
exemptions),
and thejeTelecoms
(for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
2. Postoje metode prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama, i to prilagođavanje na promije­
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
njene uvjete (podnošenje, djelomična ili potpuna adaptacija) i prilagođavanje uz primjenu
mjera za smanjenje globalnih emisija (ublažavanje klimatskih promjena),
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
3. Razvijene zemlje su spremne i obavezale su se kroz međunarodne sporazume da pomognu
u razvoju
pri adaptiranju
na klimatske
1. It iszemljama
worthwhile
in its own
right to improve
accesspromjene.
to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Da bi se the
programi
prilagođavanja
implementirali,
potrebno
da
increase
disadvantages
certainklimatskim
populationspromjenama
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort injethis
informacije dospiju do svih nivoa, oblika i profila obrazovanja, svih građana, privrednih organizacija
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
i do svih zaposlenih u organima vlasti.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Osnove koncepta
za kompletan
sistem informiranja
ostaju
u odnosufulfil
na
population
opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and nepromijenjene
can help public services
Prvi nacionalni
izvještaj
i
trebali
bismo
uložiti
dodane
napore
da
predloženi
koncept
zaživi.
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
156
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
5.4.1.
Funkcioniranje klimatskog WEB portala i osnivanje
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
integriranog informacionog sistema
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Ue-Services
razdoblju and
između
dva izvještaja
to lower
the cost. nastavljen je rad na funkcioniranju web-stranice www.
unfccc.ba i informiranju javnosti o stanju klimatskih promjena u svijetu i u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Pursuing
approaches
that
follow EU
guidelinessistem
and recommendations
will assist
in the
I pored 5.
toga,
potrebno
je proširiti
postojeći
informativni
u koji bi bili uključeni
svi izvori
ofi the
development
of thekao
Information
in the EU
convergence
ofmeteorološki
different aspects
informacija,
prije svega
zavodi
istraživačke
institucije,
i korisniciSociety
tih informacija.
and SEE countries.
Klimatski WEB portal bi pored postojećih trebao sadržavati i sljedeće informacije:
podatke i prognoze
promjena u BiH,
1.2.−About
thisklimatskih
report
− procjenu ranjivosti prostora BiH, ranjive prirodne resurse, kao i utjecaj na uvjete života,
The specificsve
goals
of this
report are:
u vezi
s klimatskim
promjenama,
−
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
u BiH i u svijetu,
1. toprograme
outline the
international
context promjenama
regarding e-Accessibility
including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
− informacije o podsticajnim mehanizmima za provođenje mjera ublažavanja (domaćih i
2. tostranih),
develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
− informacije o CDM projektima i inicijativama u BiH,
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
−
o "actvity
data“
4. toinformacije
identify good
practices
in za
theBiH.
region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
5.5.Međunarodna suradnja
5.5.1.Međunarodna suradnja u okviru globalnih
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
sporazuma o životnoj sredini
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP
Country Office
in Bosnia andKonvencije
Herzegovina,
DG/BDP NY, and
funded
by the
Potpisivanjem
i ratifikacijom
o supported
klimatskimby promjenama
UN-a,
Bosna
i
Hercegovina
je i zvanično
započela
međunarodnu
suradnje
u oblasti
klimatskih
promjena.
Prva
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust Fund
to support
the South
Eastern
Europe region
zvanična
BiH delegacija
na konferenciji
strana
u Marakešu
2001.
godine
i nakon
in
the implementation
of učestvovala
the InclusivejeInformation
Society
Priority
Area of the
e-SEE
Agenda+,
the
toga je redovno prisutna na svim konferencijama strana, kao i sastancima stručnih tijela u okviru
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Sekretarijata UNFCCC-a.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Pored ovoga, potrebno je naglasiti suradnju koja je već nekoliko godina uspostavljena
project
is being implemented
the Sarajevo-based
e-SEE Potvrda
Initiative
između The
zemalja
Jugoistočne
Evrope u sferi by
zaštite
životne sredine i UNDP-funded
klimatskih promjena.
ove vrste saradnje
je i aktivno
učešće
BiH naknowledge,
Konferencijinetworks
u Beogradu,
2007.
godine, o
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
existing
and održane
resources.
Empowering
regionalnim
aktivnostima
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
promjenama.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Bosna i Hercegovina je ratificirala Pekinške amandmane na Protokol iz Montreala Bečke
with
the fellow
UNDP
Country Offices
in the
region,
whileodluci
the Office
of Senior
at the
BDP
konvencije
o zaštiti
ozonskog
omotača,
te se
pridružila
donesenoj
naICT
22.Advisor
sastanku
strana
in
New York
providing oexpertise
andukidanju
playing an
advisory role. Government-appointed
members of
Protokola
iz isMontreala
globalnom
hlorofluorougljikovodonika
(HCFC) i hlorofluorou­
gljenika
(CFC).
Ipak, potrebno
je poduzeti
dalje (REGATA)
korake naact
usklađivanju
sa zakonodavstvom
o
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
as government
Focal Points forEU
their
supstancama
koje
osiromašuju
ozonski
omotač
i
fluoriziranim
plinovima.
Iako
je
pridružena
Sporespective countries.
razumu iz Kopenhagena, Bosna i Hercegovina još uvijek nema planove za formuliranje zahtjeve za
smanjenje emisije stakleničkih plinova.
157
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Komplementarne aktivnosti između tri UN Konvencije - klimatske promjene, biodiverzitet i
desertifikacija - jesu sigurno neophodne za harmonizaciju aktivnosti u BiH, ali i izuzetna mogućnost
međunarodne suradnje, koja bi pomagala BiH u realiziranju svoga održivog razvoja.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
5.5.2.Regionalna suradnja
This section
presents ansuradnjom
overview smatra
of the se
UNCRPD,
and main
sections,
the
Pod regionalnom
suradnjaits
kojasignificance
se odvija u okviru
Jugoistočne
Evrope
ili Zapadnog itBalkana
(opis
ne uključuje
dvije zemlje
EU - Bugarska
i Rumunija).
requirements
sets in all
aspects
of e-Accessibility
andkoje
how su
it isčlanice
to be implemented.
This
is followed
Regionalizam
je
strateški
način
prilagođavanja
globalnim
promjenama,
budući
da
sve
veći broj
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating
to
zemalja nema kapaciteta i resursa za samostalno nošenje s izazovima koje te promjene nameću.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Stvaranjem regionalnih mreža i struktura povećavaju se izgledi za ostvarivanje ekonomske
stabilnost i uspostavljanje otvorenijeg i podsticajnijeg poslovnog okruženja. Stvaranje regionalnog
privrednog prostora doprinosi otklanjanju nepovoljnih investicionih prepreka i omogućava lakše
rješavanje konfliktnih interesa u poslovnom domenu (SEE-FAP, 2008).
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Općenito, regionalna suradnja olakšava obezbjeđivanje "javnih dobara", kao što su voda,
such
as older
populations
experience
when
seeking
to participate
on equal
terms inmnoga
the Information
energija,
transportne
veze
ili sloboda
kretanja.
Regionalna
suradnja
obuhvaća
područja
Society.
ekonomskog i socijalnog života, političke strukture, unutrašnju sigurnost, zaštitu životne sredine,
kulturu, itd. Radi se, dakle, o kompleksnom i višeslojnom procesu građenja veza unutar regije, koji
ne podrazumijeva
samo
između
nacionalnih
administracija
nego
i između
mnogih
e-Accessibility
canodnose
potentially
referdržava
to any itype
of ICT used
by citizens, and
involves
everything
drugih društvenih aktera kao što su poslovna zajednica ili civilno društvo.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television.Regionalna
Up to 15 percent
of the
population across
the European
Union dio
has procesa
a disability,
such as a
suradnja
i dobrosusjedski
odnosi
čine suštinski
približavanja
visual,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
and
SEE aktivno
countries
can expect
to have a
Bosnehearing,
i Hercegovine
Evropskoj
uniji.
Bosnaimpairment,
i Hercegovina
i dalje
sudjeluje
u regionalnim
inicijativama,
uključujući
i
Proces
suradnje
u
jugoistočnoj
Evropi
(SEECP),
Regionalno
vijeće za
similar or higher proportion.
suradnju (RCC), Centralnoevropski sporazum o slobodnoj trgovini (CEFTA), Sporazum o energetskoj
zajednici, Beogradska inicijativa za klimatske promjene, Igmanska inicijativa, Strategija EU
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
agreements,
regulations
guidelines
cover
za dunavsku
regiju
i Evropski
sporazum
o zajedničkom
zračnom
prostoru.and
Država
je domaćin
this
area. At theRCC-a,
highest
international
level,
the UNCRPD,
ratified
and coming into force in 2008, is
Sekretarijata
koji
je organizirao
mnogo
regionalnih
aktivnosti.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Najvažniji
u proteklom
razdoblju: the
Ugovor
o zajedničkom
spread across
areasprocesi
such asregionalne
Televisionsuradnje
Without Frontiers
(for subtitling),
Copyright
Directive
energetskom tržištu JI Evrope, Savjet za regionalnu saradnju, Beogradska inicijativa za klimatske
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
promjene te Igmanska inicijativa su detaljno opisani tokom izrade Prvog nacionalnog izvještaja.
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore,
are afoot
to strengthen
these
and toje
enact
more legislation.
Poredmoves
navedenih,
u proteklom
razdoblju
potrebno
spomenuti
i učešće Bosne i Hercegovine
u RENA (Regional Environmental Network for Accession) projektu koje intenzivirano tokom 2011.
godineThere
i u kojem
Bosna
i Hercegovina
uzelafor
aktivno
tokom
2012.ofgodine.
is at je
least
a five-fold
justification
earlyučešće
action in
the area
e-Accessibility:
Isto tako, pažnje je vrijedna još jedna veoma uspješna mreža koja je u konstantnom razvoju
1.
It isnačelnika/gradonačelnika
worthwhile in its own right
to improve
access toSporazum
services to
people who are already
– Sporazum
(Covenant
of Mayors).
načelnika/gradonačelnika
marginalized.
It helps
fulfil the
promise
of theglavni
Information
to reduce
rather
than
je pokrenula
2008. godine
Evropska
komisija
i njegov
zadatakSociety
jeste podržati
lokalne
vlasti
u
implementaciji
politika
održive
energije.
Lokalne
vlasti
igraju
značajnu
ulogu
u
smanjenju
emisije
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Sporazuma
imaju
za cilj dostignuti
koje je definirala Evropska unija, smanjiti za
CO2. Potpisnici
area is likely
to further
marginalize
these ciljeve
groups.
20% emisiju CO2 do 2020. godine, a ovi ciljevi poznatiji su kao Agenda 20-20-20. U proteklom razdoblju
su sljedeći
bosanskohercegovački
gradovi
Sporazum
načelnika/gradonačelnika:
2. Improving
access to services,
publicveć
andpotpisali
private, to
such a significant
proportion of the
Banja Luka,
Bihać,opens
Bijeljina,
Gradiška,
Kakanj, Laktaši,
Livno, Prijedor,
Sarajevo,
Travnik,
Trebinje,
population
significant
market/sales
opportunities,
and can
help public
services
fulfil
Tuzla, Zenica i Zvornik, koji su u proteklom razdoblju predali svoje akcione planove. Sporazum je
their remit in a cost effective manner.
izuzetan primjer modela uspješne samouprave. Potpisnici ovog sporazuma ozbiljno shvaćaju svoju
odgovornost
prema svojim
stanovnicima
i teže
ka poboljšanju
njihovih
uvjeta
život. access for
3. Improving
e-Accessibility
for the
marginalized
could
also lead
toza
improved
2
158
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
6.Ograničenja i nedostaci
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
Uconvergence
ovom poglavlju
je dat pregled
ograničenja
i preprekaof
u the
vezi Information
s institucionalnim,
aspects
of the development
Societypravnim,
in the EU
of different
financijskim i tehničkim kapacitetima, kao i kapacitetima u ljudstvu u BiH koji utiču na provođenje
and SEE countries.
obaveza pod Okvirnom konvencijom Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama (UNFCCC).
Informacije o ovim preprekama i ograničenjima su zasnovane na prethodnim studijama i
1.2.
About this report
projektima u BiH, kao i na rezultatima analiza sektora u prethodnim poglavljima.
Nekegoals
od predloženih
The specific
of this reportmjera
are: podrazumijevaju provođenje različitih oblika istraživanja i
izgradnju sistema praćenja utjecaja klimatskih promjena, te je za njihovu realizaciju neophodna
i odgovarajuća podrška. S tim u vezi obezbjeđivanje izvora financiranja predstavlja jedan od prvih
to outlinemjera.
the international
regarding
e-Accessibility
includingistraživačkim
existing legal
koraka u1.provođenju
Drugi pravaccontext
poteškoća
se ogleda
u nedovoljno razvijenim
instruments
level documents;
kapacitetima
koji se and
bavestrategic
problematikom
prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama i nedovoljnom
istraženošću utjecaja klimatskih promjena, kao i u definiranju uloga različitih aktera koji se bave
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
ovim pitanjima. Usporedo s razvijanjem istraživačkih kapaciteta potrebno je raditi i na promoviranju
disabilities;
značaja with
klimatskih
promjena, a poseban zadatak predstavlja očuvanje uspostavljenog sistema i
kapaciteta,
kao
i
jačanje
njihovih level
vrijednosti.
3. to assess the current
of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
U skladu s Dejtonskim sporazumom, implementacija politike o životnoj sredini u BiH je u nadležnosti entiteta, dok je u Distriktu Brčko nadležna vlada Distrikta. Međuentitetsko tijelo za životnu
sredinu/okoliš BiH osnovano je odlukama entitetskih vlada, a na osnovu usvojenih zakona, čiji zadaThis report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
tak je usklađivanje i koordinacija politike o životnoj sredini na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine. Ministarstvo
that
is being
implemented
in odnosa
the context
of ithe
e-SEE Initiative.
It is a zajedno
regionals project
designed
vanjske
trgovine
i ekonomskih
Bosne
Hercegovine
je odgovorno,
entitetskim
minis-by
the
UNDP za
Country
Office inobaveze
BosniaBiH
anduHerzegovina,
by DG/BDP
NY, and funded
by the
tarstvima,
međunarodne
oblasti zaštitesupported
životne sredine,
dok odgovornost
za obaveze
prema UNFCCC-u
i razvoj
nacionalnih
izvještaja
ležiFund
na Nacionalnoj
instituciji
BiH
premaregion
UNUNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust
to supportkontakt
the South
Eastern
Europe
FCCC-u,
odnosno
Ministarstvu
za
prostorno
planiranje,
građevinarstvo
i
ekologiju
Republike
Srpske.
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
6.1.Institucionalna ograničenja
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Nadležnost državne uprave u pitanjima životne sredine je prilično ograničena i smanjena
priorities
of koje
the project
are therefore
fully
aligned with suradnju
the targets
of e-SEE Agenda+.
na funkcije
su uglavnom
vezane za
međunarodnu
i neophodnu
koordinaciju. Postoji
očigledan nedostatak i vertikalne i horizontalne suradnje i koordinacije između kompetentnih
Theaproject
is being
by the za
Sarajevo-based
e-SEE Initiative
institucija,
ti mehanizmi
su implemented
od posebnog značaja
međunarodne UNDP-funded
aktivnosti.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
U skladu
s važećim
zakonima, potrebna
priprema
brojnih strategija
i planova.
Provođenje
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the jee-SEE
Secretariat
are positioned
within
the Social
mjera koje su predviđene ranije pripremljenim dokumentima je jednako nisko, dok se drugi brojni
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
dokumenti strategija i politika još uvijek nalaze na čekanju iako je njihovo usvajanje potrebno u
with
thesfellow
UNDP zakonima.
Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
skladu
relevantnim
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
U sprovođenju
politika
zaštiteTaskforce
okoliša u(REGATA)
BiH nedovoljno
se koriste ekonomski
i fiskalni
the Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
act as government
Focal Points
for their
resursi.
Politika
za
uvođenje
novih
ekonomskih
instrumenata
i
korištenje
postojećih
mora
biti
respective countries.
ojačana kako bi zaista promijenila ponašanje ljudi i institucija ka boljem podržavanju zaštiteokoliša,
obezbjeđenju podsticaja za smanjenje zagađenja i iznalaženju sredstava za investicije i poboljšanje
159
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
kvaliteta okoliša.Trenutno neki postojeći ekonomski instrumenti ne funkcioniraju kako bi trebalo,
dok drugi instrumenti nisu u funkciji uopće: naprimjer, nema naplate naknade od kompanija
koje emitiraju zagađivače zraka, niti se nadzire njihov rad. Ukratko, institucionalni kapaciteti za
provođenje efikasnih i jakih politika ostaju slabi.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
U BiH ne postoji sveobuhvatno nadziranje okoliša i sistema prikupljanja podataka, što
rezultira nedostatkom sistema informacija o zaštiti životne sredine. Za sada različite podatke
prikupljaju različite institucije bez dovoljno razvijene koordinacije i jedinstvene baze podataka.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Nedovoljno je razvijena razmjena podataka i komunikacija između institucija koje prikupljaju
requirements
it setsagencija,
in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
and how it is
be implemented.
This
is followed
podatke i vladinih
a nema
ni razmjene informacija
o to
postojećim
podacima.
Iako
postoje
byneki
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
podaci o stanjuokoliša, oni su ili zastarjeli ili nekompletni i neupotrebljivi. Postojeći podaci
o okolišu,
kao i opći
statistički
podaci,inteško
se ili se uopće ne razmjenjuju između entiteta, što
disability
in general
and
e-Accessibility
particular.
otežava stvaranje kompletne slike o vezi između razvojnih aktivnosti i stanja životne sredine, ili
indikatorima koji podržavaju proces odlučivanja na nivou države.
1.1. Priprema
Why Prvog
e-Accessibility?
i Drugog nacionalnog izvještaja uključivala je pregled svih dostupnih
dokumenata razvijenih
za BiH i entitete
s financijskom
inostranstva
(UN,
Svjetska
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming
the range
of barriers podrškom
that peopleiz with
disabilities
and
others
banka,
donatori
ES)
ili
iz
budžeta
entiteta.
Ovi
dokumenti
su
važni
jer
sadrže
informacije
neophodne
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
za pripremu nacionalnog izvještaja, ali mnogi od njih nisu odobreni u standardnim bh. političkim
Society.
procedurama, pa se ne mogu smatrati zvaničnim državnim dokumentima. Poseban problem su
statistički podaci, koji su nepotpuni i prikupljani na nivou entiteta (na primjer, broj stanovnika je
e-Accessibility
can potentially
referOvo
to any
ICT usedkoji
by citizens,
andstalna
involves
everythingi
posljednji
put ustanovljen
1991. godine).
su type
velikiofproblemi
zahtijevaju
poboljšanja
ažuriranja,
uz
angažman
entitetskih
vlada
i
Savjeta
ministara.
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
6.2.Financijska ograničenja
sektoru
zaštite okoliša
nedostatak
transparentnosti.
Oskudni
su podaci
o
AU
perhaps
surprising
number postoji
of international
agreements,
regulations
and guidelines
cover
administrativnim
troškovima
u sektoru
zaštiteokoliša.
su administrativne
u ovoj
this
area. At the highest
international
level,
the UNCRPD,Kako
ratified
and coming intoaktivnosti
force in 2008,
is
oblasti veoma raširene i uglavnom su samo dio većih jedinica koje su primarno odgovorne za druge
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
sektore, vrlo je teško odvojeno izračunati troškove sektora zaštiteokoliša.
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright
exemptions),
and the
Framework
(for
assistive
technologies).
U Bosni
i Hercegovini
su Telecoms
aktivni Fond
za zaštitu
živote
sredine
Republike e-Accessibility
Srpske (2002)
i
Fond
za
zaštitu
okoliša
FBiH
(2003),
kao
financijske
institucije
za
prikupljanje
i distribuciju
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic
support.
sredstava za zaštitu životne sredine/okoliša, ali oni u primjeni još uvijek ne daju efekte koji se
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
od njih očekuju. U Republici Srpskoj novi Zakon o Fondu za zaštitu životne sredine i energetsku
efikasnost je usvojen u novembru 2011. i uveo je novinu da se iz ovog Fonda izdvajaju i sredstva za
There
is at least
a five-fold
justification
for early
action in the
areajeofpreimenovan
e-Accessibility:
podršku
realiziranju
projekata
iz oblasti
energetske
efikasnosti,
a Fond
u Fond za
zaštitu životne sredine i energetsku efikasnost Republike Srpske. Izmjene zakona o fondovima u
FBiH i 1.
Distriktu
Brčko su in
u toku.
It is worthwhile
its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
6.3.Ograničenja u ljudskim resursima
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Administrativni kapaciteti u sektoru okoliša su i dalje slabi. Organi koji se bave pitanjima
opens significant
market/sales
opportunities,
andna
can
help public services
fulfil
okolišapopulation
nemaju kapacitete
da primijene
i provedu
zakonodavstvo
entitetskom,
kantonalnom
their remit
a cost
effective
manner. administrativnih kapaciteta za rješavanje pitanja
i lokalnom
nivou. inNije
došlo
do unapređenja
klimatskih promjena, za koja ne postoje ni kadrovi niti dodijeljena sredstva.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
160
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
6.4.Prevazilaženje
ograničenja i nedostataka
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Nedovoljno
razvijen
BiHeasier
za primjenu
mjera s e-Accessibility
ciljem adaptiranja
na klimatskeof
4. The earlier
action kapacitet
is taken, the
it is to integrate
into development
promjene
posljedica
je
nedostatka
znanja
i
svijesti
o
rizicima
klimatskih
promjena
za
BiH. Imajući
e-Services and to lower the cost.
na umu različitost klime u BiH, prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama se mora osloniti na
specifične
karakteristike
klime u that
pojedinačnim
5. Pursuing
approaches
follow EUregijama.
guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
U provođenju okvira za prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama neophodno je razvijati
and SEE countries.
sistem indikatora kompatibilan sa standardima Evropske unije, ali koji će odgovarati specifičnostima
i potrebama Bosne i Hercegovine. Izgradnja kapaciteta za praćenje efekata klimatskih promjena
predstavlja prioritet, za što je potrebno preduzeti mjere izgradnje kapaciteta za upravljanje razvojem
u ambijentu klimatskih promjena:
1.2. About this report
1. Potrebno
je odabrati
stabilan sistem statističkih podataka o klimatskim promjenama,
The specific
goals of this
report are:
rezultate prilagođavanja tim promjenama i indikatore koji obezbjeđuju primjenu međuna­
rodno priznatih metodologija analiza, kao i praćenje pojava koje podržavaju održivi razvoj,
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
čak i u atmosferi nepovoljnih klimatskih promjena. Navedene komponente su u određenoj
instruments
and strategic
level
mjeri uključene,
a mogu
se documents;
dodatno proširiti i integrirati u postojeće sisteme meteo­
roloških informacija, ili u sisteme redovnih statističkih izvještaja entitetskih institucija i
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Agencije za statistiku BiH.
with disabilities;
2.
je poboljšati
postojeći
sistem meteoroloških
osmatranjastakeholders;
– posmatranje klima­
3.toPotrebno
assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
tskih promjena i rezultata prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama, uključujući sistem
4. to identify good practices in the region;
ranog upozorenja. Razvoj profesionalnih kapaciteta treba integrirati u međunarodni sistem
5. toosmatranja
develop a set
recommendations
for government
and other Sistema
stakeholders
on how to:
(ovooftreba
razvijati u poseban
projekat, uspostavom
prilagođavanja
- klimatskim
address promjenama).
the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
3. Potrebno je imenovati profesionalna i politička tijela, nadležna za upravljanje razvojem
u nestabilnom klimatskom okruženju. Stručni organi državnog i entitetskog nivoa (osim
klasičnog planiranja i predlaganja ekonomskih mjera u parlamentarnim strukturama),
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
trebaju biti osposobljeni i za involviranje mjera sprečavanja posljedica od nepovoljnih klithat is beingmatskih
implemented
in the
context
of the e-SEE
Initiative.vlade,
It is a institucije
regional project
designed
promjena
(Savjet
ministara
BiH, entitetske
nadležne
za eko­by
the UNDP Country
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
by DG/BDP
NY, and
fundedcivilna
by the
nomskoOffice
i prostorno
planiranje,
agencije zasupported
vodna područja,
privredni
subjekti,
zaštita i dr.).
Neophodno
je utvrditi
obaveza
političkih
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
za
UNDP’s Democratic
Governance
Thematic
Trust
Fund to
supportorgana
the South
Eastern
Europe region
političku
odgovornost
za
brigu
o
održivom
razvoju
u
promjenljivim
klimatskim
uvjetima.
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
4. Stvarati uvjerenje u najširoj javnosti o potrebi da se društvo mora ozbiljnije baviti pro­
priorities of blemima
the project
are therefore
fully te
aligned
the targets
of materijalne
e-SEE Agenda+.
klimatskih
promjena,
da je with
neophodno
ulagati
i ljudske resurse
za implementaciju mjera održivog razvoja, da bi promjene klime bile podnošljive, a razvoj
The stabilan.
project is
being
implemented
by the Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Initiative
Ipak,
ključne
inicijative, politike
i mjere prilagođavanja
se nalaze na
entitetskom
nivou,
u okvirima
međunarodne
suradnje.
Secretariat,i državnom
capitalizing
on odnosno
their existing
knowledge,
networks
and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Paralelno s tim, preferirane mjere ublažavanja trebaju biti zasnovane na smanjenju postojećeg
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
trenda rasta emisija stakleničkih plinova i očuvanju postojećih ponorskih zona (sekvestracija);
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York
is providing
andsu
playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members
Primarne
mjere expertise
ublažavanja
bazirane
na smanjenju
postojećeg trenda rasta
emisijaof
GHG,
koje uključuju:
povećanje
energetske
efikasnosti
u svim
proizvodnje;
primjenu
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce
(REGATA)
act sektorima
as government
Focal Points
for sutheir
vremenih
tehnologija
u
svim
oblastima
proizvodnje;
snabdijevanje
električnom
energijom
iz
obno­
respective countries.
vljivih izvora energije; stimuliranje zapošljavanja u proizvodnim sektorima u kojima se implementiraju mjere ublažavanje klimatskih promjena i dr.
161
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Dodatne mjere ublažavanja su bazirane na očuvanju glavnih ponorskih kapaciteta, među
kojima su najvažniji: treseti (histosoli); šume i šumsko zemljište; oranice i livade.
Sektori koji su najugroženiji klimatskim promjenama u Bosni i Hercegovini su: poljoprivreda,
vodni resursi, ljudsko zdravlje, šumarstvo i biodiverzitet, te osjetljivi ekosistemi. S tim u vezi u
SNC su vršene i detaljnije analize dugoročne promjene klime na navedene sektore. Procjene
su vršene na bazi klimatskih scenarija A1B i A2 koji su razvijeni za potrebe Drugog nacionalnog
izvještaja (SNC). Bosna i Hercegovina je zemlja u razvoju i njene GHG emisije su znatno niže u
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
odnosu na referentnu 1991. zbog ratnih dejstava u razdoblju 1992-1995. i devastacije industrije.
requirements
it sets
in all aspects
of e-Accessibility
how it isjako
to be
implemented.
This trpi
is followed
Međutim, iako
je utjecaj
BiH na globalne
klimatskeand
promjene
mali,
njena privreda
znatan
bypritisak
a description
of
the
major
instruments
and
actions
at
the
European
Union
level
relating
to
uvjetovan klimatskim promjena. Zbog toga prilagođavanje prije svega u gore navedenim
sektorima,
treba biti
imperativ
u borbi protiv
klimatskih promjena. Ekonomija Bosne i Hercegovine
disability
in general
and
e-Accessibility
in particular.
je na dosta niskom nivou i za realizaciju prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama neophodna je
međunarodna pomoć u vidu financija, tehnologija, znanja i dobre prakse.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
6.5.Multilateralni
/ seeking
bilateralni
such
as older populations experience when
to participate ondoprinosi
equal terms in the Information
Society.
prevazilaženju ograničenja
e-Accessibility
potentially
refer to any
type of ICTOkvirnu
used by konvenciju
citizens, andUjedinjenih
involves everything
Od momentacan
kada
je BiH potpisala
i ratificirala
nacija o
klimatskim
i odredila
operativnu
Kontakt-instituciju,
inicirano
je to
osnivanje
tijela
from
websitespromjenama
for e-government
services,
to telephony
support for blind
people
subtitling
on
koje
može
harmonizirati
sve
aktivnosti
u
oblasti
zaštite
okoliša,
uključujući
klimatske
promjene.
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
Izborom Kontakt-institucije prema Okvirnoj konvenciji Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
(Ministarstvo za prostorno uređenje, građevinarstvo i ekologiju Republike Srpske), ove aktivnosti
similar
or higher
su fokusirane
naproportion.
organizaciju aktivnosti koje bi omogućile BiH da postane aktivan član UNFCCC-a
što je moguće prije, kao "strana koja nije obuhvaćena Aneksom I››.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
praktično
dovoljnolevel,
razvijene
profesionalne
i naučne
institucije
this area.BiH
At the
highestnema
international
the UNCRPD,
ratified
and coming
into koje
forcebiinpreuzele
2008, is
ulogu organizovanja izrade kompletnog Drugog nacionalnog izvještaja ili čak i njegovih dijelova. S
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
ciljem prevazilaženja uočenih problema i s punom podrškom vlada entiteta i države, kao i GEF-a i
spread
across areas
such as
Television
Frontiers
subtitling),
Copyrightizvještaja.
Directive
Sekretarijata
UNFCCC-a,
UNDP
BiH je Without
organizirao
rad na(for
pripremi
Prvogthe
nacionalnog
(for
copyright
exemptions),
andjethe
Telecoms
Framework
(fornacionalni
assistive technologies).
e-Accessibility
Posao
na pripremi
Izvještaja
počeo
tek 2008.
godine i Prvi
izvještaj je završen
i podnijet
Sekretarijatu
Konvencije
2010.
godine.
Čvrsto
se
držeći
instrukcije
17/CP8,
uz
tehničku
podršku
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
i koordinacijumoves
UNDP-a
izvještaj
je and
pripremalo
od legislation.
45 domaćih stručnjaka. INC
Furthermore,
are Prvi
afootnacionalni
to strengthen
these
to enactviše
more
su usvojile entitetske vlade i Vijeće ministara, te ga je UNFCCC-u sekretarijatu predala UNFCCC
kontakt institucija Ministarstva za prostorno uređenje, građevinarstvo i ekologiju Republike Srpske.
is at
a five-fold
justification
for early
action in izvještaja.
the area of e-Accessibility:
OvakavThere
pristup
je least
zadržan
i prilikom
izrade Drugog
nacionalnog
Drugog nacionalnog
je rađenaaccess
po sličnom
principu.
priprema
služila
1.Izrada
It is worthwhile
in its ownizvještaja
right to improve
to services
toSama
people
who arejealready
kao sredstvo
za razvoj
i izgradnju
kapaciteta
ključnim sektorima.
SNCrather
projektnog
marginalized.
It vještina
helps fulfil
the promise
of the uInformation
Society toCilj
reduce
than
tima je da se svi rezultati integrišu u proces dugoročnog razvoja i u razvojne planove sektora.Članovi
increase
the disadvantages
certain
populations
face. Conversely,
insufficient
effort in
this
sadašnje
interdisciplinarne
ekspertske
grupe
su u stalnom
kontaktu, i grupa
predstavlja
sjeme
area
is likelykoje
to further
marginalize
these
budućih
institucija
će vremenom
dostići
nivogroups.
potreban za uspješnu implementaciju aktivnosti
predviđenih Izvještajem. Tokom izrade SNC-a takođe se radilo na izgradnji kapaciteta domaćih
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
institucija, tako da mogu preuzeti aktivniju ulogu u pripremi narednih nacionalnih komunikacijao
population
opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
klimatskim
promjenama.
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
162
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Lista
grafikona
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Grafikone-Services
1. Pojedinačni
doprinosi
godišnjem
rastu industrijske proizvodnje u BiH od 5,6% u 2011.
and to
lower the
cost.
Grafikon5.2.Pursuing
Proizvodnja
električnethat
energije
BiHguidelines
u fizičkim and
jedinicama
GWh
approaches
followu EU
recommendations
will assist in the
aspects
of korištenja
the development of the Information Society in the EU
of different
Grafikonconvergence
3. Oranične površine
prema
načinu
and SEE countries.
Grafikon 4. Proizvodnja šumskih sortimenata u 1000 m³ u 2010. i 2011. godini
Grafikon 5. Emisije CO za razdoblje od 1990. do 2001. godine.
1.2.
About this report
2
Grafikon 6. Emisije CO2 % po sektorima za razdoblje od 1990. do 2001. godine.
Grafikon
7. Emisije
iz report
sektoraare:
energetike 1990-2001
The
specific
goals ofCO
this
2
Grafikon 8. Emisije CO2 –industrijski procesi- 1990-2001
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Grafikoninstruments
9. Ponori 1990-2001
and strategic level documents;
Grafikon2.10.
metanapicture
za razdoblje
1990-2001. for able-bodied people versus people
to Ukupne
develop emisije
a comparative
of e-Accessibility
disabilities;
Grafikonwith
11. Ukupne
emisije N2O za razdoblje 1990-2001.
to Emisije
assess the
current level
of e-Accessibility
andpo
e-Accessibility
stakeholders;
Grafikon3.12.
iz energetskog
i industrijskog
sektora
CRF kategorijama
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Grafikon 13. Ukupne SO2 emisije za razdoblje 1990-2001
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Grafikon- 14. Ukupne
NOthe
emisije
za razdoblje
1990-2001
x
address
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
comply
with
requirements
the UN and EU.
Grafikon- 15. Ukupne
CO
emisije
za period for
1990-2001
Grafikon 16. Ukupne NMVOC emisije za period 1990-2001
is part
of a largerzraka
project,
‘Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance’,
GrafikonThis
17. report
Promjene
temperature
u Banjoj
Luci, Sarajevu
i Mostaru,
razdoblje
1961-2010.
godina
that
is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the
UNDP18.
Country
Office
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
DG/BDP
NY, and funded
Grafikon
Promjene
količine
padavina
u Banjoj Luci,supported
Sarajevu iby
Mostaru,
1961-2010.
godinaby the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Grafikon 19. Prosječan broj tropskih dana (tmax>30°C)
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
Grafikon action
20. Grafik
funkcije
raspodjele
maksimalnih
dnevnih
padavina
Banjoj Luci,
regional
planempirijske
for Information
Society
development,
and the
UNCRPD.
Theuprogrammatic
Mostaru
i
Sarajevu
za
razdoblje
1961-2011.
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
Grafikon 21. Međugodišnje promjene SPI12 na meteorološkoj stanici Bijeljina
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Grafikon
22. Međugodišnje
promjene
broja meteoroloških
sa SPI12<=-1
Secretariat,
capitalizing on
their existing
knowledge, stanica
networks
and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
are positioned
within
the Social
Grafikon 23. Serija
srednjih
mjesečnih protjecanja
rijekeSecretariat
Bosne u Maglaju,
s trendom,
te prosječna
vrijednost mjesečnih padavina
(MS Sector.
Sarajevo,
MSUNDP
Zenica,
MS Tuzla)
s trendom
is(razdoblje
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
The
Country
Office
in Sarajevo
working closely
1961-2010)
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in
New York
providing
expertise
playing an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members
Grafikon
24. is
Ukupne
emisije
CO2 izand
elektroenergetskog
sektora
u BiH, za period 2010–2025.
premaof
S1, S2
i S3 scenariju
the
Regional
e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.
Grafikon 25.
Ukupne emisije CO iz sektora daljinskog grijanja u BiH, za period 2010–2025. prema
S1, S2 i S3 scenariju
2
163
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Grafikon 26. Ukupne emisije CO2 iz saobraćajnog sektora u BiH, za period 2010–2025. prema S1,
S2 i S3 scenariju
Grafikon 27. Neto prosječno godišnje poniranje CO2 iz sektora šumarstva u BiH, za period 20102025, prema S1, S2 i S3 scenariju
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Grafikon 28. Ukupne emisije CO2eq iz sektora poljoprivrede u BiH, za period 2010-2025, prema S1,
S2 i S3 scenariju
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Grafikon 29. Prosječne godišnje emisije CO2 eq iz sektora otpada u BiH, za period 2010-2025, prema
requirements
it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
S1, S2 i S3 scenariju
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
Grafikon 30. Ukupne godišnje emisije CO eq iz sektora energetike, daljinskog grijanja, saobraćaja,
disability in general and e-Accessibility in 2particular.
poljoprivrede i otpada u BiH, za period 2010-2025, prema S1, S2 i S3 scenariju
Grafikon 31. Rezultati istrživanja javnosti o klimatskim promjenama
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
164
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Lista
tabela
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Tabela 1.e-Services
Procjena stanovništva
BiH
sredinom svake godine i prirodni priraštaj
and to loweruthe
cost.
Tabela 2.5.Osnovni
ekonomski
pokazatelji
za BiH
u razdobljuand
2004-2009
Pursuing
approaches
that follow
EU guidelines
recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Tabela 3.Učešće entiteta u BDP-u BiH u %
and SEE countries.
Tabela 4. Vrijednost prodaje/isporuke industrijskih proizvoda u 2011. po područjima djelatnosti i entitetima
Tabela 5. Spoljnotrgovinski indikatori za 2008 – 2011
1.2.
About this report
Tabela 6. Ukupna dužina cestovne mreže u Bosni i Hercegovini
The
specific
goals
of this report
are:
Tabela7.
Obimu
transporta
prema
pojedinačnoj strukturi
Tabela 8. Obim željezničkog transporta u Bosni i Hercegovini
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Tabela 9.instruments
Staklenički and
potencijal
za pojedinačne
plinove za razdoblje od 100 godina
strategic
level documents;
eq
Tabela 10.
Emisije
GgaCO
2. to
develop
comparative
picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
2
with
disabilities;
Tabela 11.
Ključni
izvori emisija po CRF kategorijama
3. to
assess the nesigurnost
current levelproračuna
of e-Accessibility
andue-Accessibility
2001. godini stakeholders;
Tabela 12.
Procijenjena
emisije CO
2
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Tabela 13.
Usporedba
podataka za for
2001.
godinu
5. to
develop aproračunatih
set of recommendations
government
and other stakeholders on how to:
- Promjene
address
the obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
Tabela 14.
temperature
zraka
(°C) u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Mostaru, 1961-2010. god.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Tabela 15. Promjene količine padavina (mm) u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Mostaru, 1961-2010. god.
Tabela 16. Promjena temperature u °C SINTEX -5 model
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Tabela 17. Promjena temperature po °C ECHAM5 model
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
Tabela
18. Promjena
padavina
u % po
SINTEX
-5 modelu
the
UNDP
Country Office
in Bosnia
and
Herzegovina,
supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s
Democratic
Trust Fund
to support the South Eastern Europe region
Tabela 19.
Promjena Governance
padavina u %Thematic
po °C ECHAM5
modelu
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
Tabela 20. Karakteristični pokazatelji slivnih i podslivnih područja u BiH
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Tabela 21.ofStatistički
nizova
protjecanja
rijeke
Bosne u Maglaju,
priorities
the projectparametri
are therefore
fullysrednjih
alignedmjesečnih
with the targets
of e-SEE
Agenda+.
za razdoblje 1961-90. i 1991-2010. godina, te statistički parametri mjesečnih padavina na MS
Sarajevo
i MS
Zenica,
ista razdoblja
The
project
is za
being
implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on their
existing promjenama
knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Tabela 22. Mjere
prilagođavanja
klimatskim
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Tabela 23. Planirana izgradnja nekarbonskih postrojenja za proizvodnju električne energije u
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Federaciji BiH do 2025. od javnih elektroenergetskih preduzeća
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Tabela
24. Potencijalno
smanjenjeand
emisije
metana
u rudnicima
mrkog uglja u centralnoj
Bosni,of
in
New York
is providing expertise
playing
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
members
vrijednost
certificiranog
smanjenja
emisija
i
iznos
potrebnih
investicija
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective
countries.
Tabela 25. Ukupno
instalirane snage u poljoprivredi postrojenja kogeneracija na biogas u BiH.
Tabela 26. Energetske uštede u industriji korištenjem biomase (s biogasom) za kogeneraciju
165
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Tabela 27. Uštede energije u važnijim oblastima potrošnje, korištenjem solarne energije (u PJ)
Tabela 28. Potrošnja GE u BiH u scenariju S1
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Tabela 29. Struktura GE u BiH prema S2 scenariju
Tabela 30. Struktura GE u BiH prema S3 scenariju
Tabela 31. Pregled scenarija razvoja sistema daljinskog grijanja (u PJ)
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Tabela 32. Pregled emisija CO2 iz različitih sistema centralnog grijanja za sva tri scenarija (u t)
requirements it sets in all aspects
of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
byTabela
a description
of thejedinice
major prema
instruments
and actions at the European Union level relating to
33. Stambene
tipu izgradnje
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Tabela 34. Približna veličina stambene jedinice prema području
Tabela 35. Starost stambenog fonda
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
Tabela 36.
Prosječna
grijana površina i način grijanja
e-Accessibility
is about
overcoming
the range
of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Tabela 37. Potrebna
energija
za grijanje
domaćinstava
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Tabela 38. Ukupna potrošnje energije u sektoru usluga
Society.
Tabela 39. Ukupan broj registrovanih drumskih motornih vozila u BiH, u periodu 2010-2011.
can
refer
to any motornih
type of ICT
used
by citizens,
and involves
everything
Tabelae-Accessibility
40. Struktura prvi
putpotentially
registrovanih
cestovnih
vozila
u BiH
za 2011. god.
prema kategorijama
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Tabela 41.Up
Površina
šuma iofostalog
šumskogacross
zemljišta
Bosni i Hercegovini
television.
to 15 percent
the population
the uEuropean
Union has a disability, such as a
visual,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor
impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Tabelahearing,
42. Struktura
šumskog
pokrivača
u BiH
similar or higher proportion.
Tabela 43. Sekvestracijski kapacitet šumskog pokrivača u BiH
TabelaA44.
Sekvestracijski
poljoprivrednog
zemljišta u BiH
perhaps
surprisingkapacitet
number of
international agreements,
regulations and guidelines cover
this
area.45.
AtPromjene
the highest
international
level, theproizvedenog
UNCRPD, ratified
andi coming
into force
in 2008, is
Tabela
u godišnjim
količinama
ukupnog
biorazgradivog
komunalnog
otpada,
na nivou
države
(prema
metodologiji
iz Strategije
upravljanja čvrstim
otpadom)
the
relevant
legal entiteta
context.i No
single
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but actions
are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
166
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Lista
slika
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Slika 1. Karta
Bosneand
i Hercegovine
e-Services
to lower the cost.
Slika 2. Gustina
naseljenosti
Bosne
prema popisu
stanovništva iz 1991.
5. Pursuing
approaches
thati Hercegovine
follow EU guidelines
and recommendations
willgodine
assist in the
aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
convergence
Slika 3. Karta
dva slivaofudifferent
BiH
and SEE countries.
Slika 4. Nacionalni inventar emisija
Slika 5. Promjene godišnjih temperatura zraka u Bosni i Hercegovini
1.2.
About this report
(poređenje razdoblja 1981-2010. u odnosu na 1961-1990.
Slikaspecific
6. Promjene
količina
The
goals godišnjih
of this report
are:padavina u Bosni i Hercegovini
(poređenje razdoblja 1981-2010. u odnosu na 1961-1990)
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Slika 7. Prostorni
raspored
suše u jugoistočnoj
Evropi (SPI3 za maj 2003)
instruments
and strategic
level documents;
Slika 8. Prostorni
raspored
suše u jugoistočnoj
Evropi (SPI3 zafor
august
2000) people versus people
2. to develop
a comparative
picture of e-Accessibility
able-bodied
with disabilities;
Slika 9. Promjena
srednje godišnje temperature u °C (lijevo) i padavina u % (desno)
to assesssrednje
the current
leveltemperature
of e-Accessibility
and e-Accessibility
Slika 10.3.Promjena
godišnje
u °C (lijevo)
i padavina u %stakeholders;
(desno)
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Slika 11. Promjena srednje godišnje temperature u °C (lijevo) i padavina u % (desno)
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Slika 12.- Riječna
mrežathe
u BiH
address
obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply
with
requirements
for the UN and EU.
Slika 13.- Cestovna
mreža
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
Slika 14. Željeznička mreža u BiH
report
is part of
a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Slika 15.This
Šumski
pokrivač
u BiH
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
Slika 16. Poljoprivredne površine u BiH
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
167
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Lista skraćenica
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
BDP
Bruto domaći proizvod
BiH Bosna i Hercegovina
This
section presents an
overviewBosne
of the
UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
BHASAgencija
za statistiku
i Hercegovine
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
CDM Mehanizam čistog razvoja
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability
in general and e-Accessibility
in particular.
CERCertificirano
smanjenje emisije
COPKonferencija strana Okvirne konvencije Ujedinjenih nacija za klimatske promjene (UNFCCC)
1.1.
Why e-Accessibility?
CORINAIRMetodologija
izrade inventara emisija u zrak (CORE Inventory of Air Emissions)
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
CRFUnificirani obrazac za izvještavanje
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
DNAOvlašteno državno tijelo za CDM projekte
Society.
EBRDEvropska banka za obnovu i razvoj
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
ECEvropska
komisija services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
from
websites for e-government
television.
Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
EEEnergetska efikasnost
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
EEAEvropska
agencije za zaštitu okoliša
similar
or higher proportion.
EECEvropska energetska zajednica
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
EUEvropska
unija
this
area. At the highest international
level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the
legal context.
No single
EU directive
is unije
dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
EUrelevant
ETSSistem
za trgovanje
emisijama
Evropske
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
FBiH
Federacija Bosne
i Hercegovine
(for
copyright exemptions),
and the
Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
isFDIStrane
also covered by policy,
andinvesticije
guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
direktne
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
FEPEE
Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku efikasnost There is at least
a five-fold
GCFZeleni
klimatski
fondjustification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
GEFGlobalni
fond
okoliša
1. It is worthwhile
in za
itszaštitu
own right
to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps
fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
GHG Staklenički
plinovi
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
INC
Prvi nacionalni
o klimatskim
promjenama
area is likely
to furtherizvještaj
marginalize
these groups.
IPAInstrument
pretpristupne
unija)
2. Improving access
to services,pomoći
public(Evropska
and private,
to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
IPCCMeđudržavni panel o klimatskim promjenama
IPPC Integrisano sprečavanje i reguliranje zagađivanja
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
168
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
KMKonvertibilna
able-bodied people;marka
it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
LCPD
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
Direktiva o velikim postrojenjima za sagorijevanje
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
LEAPLong Range Energy Alternatives Planning System
M&E 5. Pursuing
Praćenje
i procjena (monitoring
evaluacija)
approaches
that follow iEU
guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
aspects
convergence of different
MMFMeđunarodni
monetarni
fond of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
MRCMilenijumski razvojni ciljevi
MRVMjerenje, izvještavanje i verificiranje
1.2.
About this report
NAOSjevernoatlantska oscilacija
The specific goals of this report are:
NEAPAkcijski plan za zaštitu okoliša
NEEAPAkcijski
planinternational
za energetskucontext
efikasnost
1. to outline the
regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
NVONevladina organizacija
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
OECDOrganizacija za ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj
OIEObnovljivi
energije
3. to assess the izvori
current
level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
good practices
in the region;
PET4. to identify
Potencijalna
evapotranspiracija
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
PPAAgencija
javne
nabavketo e-Accessibility;
address za
the
obstacles
comply with
requirements for the UN and EU.
QCKontrola
kvaliteta
QAOsiguranje kvaliteta
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
RECRegionalni
za okoliš
Centralnu i Istočnu
Evropu)
the
UNDP Country Officecentar
in Bosnia
and (za
Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
REEEP
Partnerstvo za obnovljivu energiju i energetsku efikasnost
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
RSRepublika
regional
action plan for Srpska
Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
R&DIstraživanje i razvoj
SEAPAkcijski plan energetski održivog razvoja
The project is being
implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
SEEJugoistočna
Evropa
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
SHPPMala hidroelektrana
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
SMEsMala i srednja
preduzeća
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
SNC
Drugi nacionalni izvještaj o klimatskim promjenama
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the
Regional e-Governance
Advisory
Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
SPIStandardni
indeks
padavina
respective countries.
SRES
Poseban izvještaj o scenarijima emisija
169
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
SSPSporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju
UNUjedinjene nacije
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
UNDAFOkvir razvojne pomoći Ujedinjenih nacija
UNDPRazvojni program Ujedinjenih nacija
UNFCCCOkvirna
Ujedinjenih
za klimatske
promjene and main sections, the
This
section presents konvencija
an overview
of the nacija
UNCRPD,
its significance
requirements
it sets in allmeteorološka
aspects of e-Accessibility
WMOSvjetska
organizacija and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
170
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
Literatura
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services
and to lower
the cost.
UNFCCC:
Odluka 17/CP.8:
Smjernice
za izradu nacionalnih komunikacija za države koje nisu
članice Aneksa
I Konvencije
5. Pursuing
approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
Prvi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu sa Okvirnom konvencijom Ujedinjenih nacija
and SEE
countries.
o klimatskim promjenama. Banja Luka, oktobar 2009. godine.
REPORTING
ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
user manual for the guidelines on national communications
1.2.
About
this
report
from non-Annex I Parties, Bon, novembar 2003
The specific goals of this report are:
B&H Komitet za klimatske promjene, 2002: Dugoročni program BiH aktivnosti o implementaciji
UNFCCC za period 2002-2006.
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
Energetska efikasnost i obnovljivi izvori energije na Balkanu, Grupa za nadgledanje Pakta o
stabilnosti,
godina.
2. to2005
develop
a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
Pregled stanja životne sredine – Bosna i Hercegovina. UN Ekonomska komisija za Evropu. 2004.
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
www.unece.org/env/epr/countriesreviewed.htm
4. to identify good practices in the region;
to develop
a set
of recommendations
fori Hercegovine
government and
other stakeholders
on how to:
Zakoni o5.zaštiti
životne
sredine
u Federaciji Bosne
i Republike
Srpske
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
- izvještaj
comply
withi procjena
requirements
for thestanja
UN and
EU.
“Tehnički
– Opis
postojećeg
monitoring
životne sredine“ – EU CARDS
RANSMO, maj 2005.
report
is part of apodataka:
larger project,
Groups inodboru“,
e-Governance’,
EIONETThis
Tokovi
prioritetnih
Šesti‘Empowering
izvještaj o Marginalised
progresu Upravnom
EEA,
that
is
being
implemented
in
the
context
of
the
e-SEE
Initiative.
It
is
a
regional
project
designed
by
Kopenhagen 2003.
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s
Democratic
Governance
Fundenergije
to support
the South
Eastern
Europe
region
Okvirni uslovi
energetske
politike Thematic
za tržišta Trust
električne
i obnovljive
izvore
energije:
Analiza
21the
države.
Dio Bosna-Hercegovina.
GTZ,
jun 2004. Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
in
implementation
of the Inclusive
Information
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Evropska of
agencija
za životnu
sredinu,fully
2004:
Utjecaji
evropskih
klimatskih
promjena,
priorities
the project
are therefore
aligned
with
the targets
of e-SEE
Agenda+.EEA Izvještaj
br. 2/2004, Danska.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Evropska komisija,
CARDSon
83816_2040836,
usluga
br. 2004/83816
RegionalniEmpowering
energetski
Secretariat,
capitalizing
their existingNabavka
knowledge,
networks
and resources.
pristup na zapadnom
- okolišno
oslobađanje,
izvještaj,
2004.
Marginalised
Groups Balkanu
in e-Governance
and
the e-SEE Finalni
Secretariat
are positioned
within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Geotermalni
izvori
na Country
Balkanu;Offices
Liz Battocletti,
Bobwhile
Lawrence
& Associates,
april 2001.
with
the fellow
UNDP
in the region,
the Office
of Senior inc.;
ICT Advisor
at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
IPCC, 2001: Treći izvještaj o procjeni međuvladinog panela o klimatskim promjenama, Cambridge
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
University Press, Velika Britanija.
respective countries.
171
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
IPCC, 2001: Dobre praksa i Upravljanje nesigurnostima u nacionalnom inventaru gasova sa efektom
staklene bašte, Cambridge University Press, Velika Britanija.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
IPCC, 2003: Vodič dobre prakse za upotrebu zemljišta, Promjene namjene upotrebe zemljišta i
šuma. Institut za globalne strategije zaštite životne sredine, Havana, Kanagva, Japan.
Kyoto Protokol za Okvirnu konvenciju o klimatskim promjenama Ujedinjenih nacija. http://unfccc.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf,
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
byMinistarstvo
a description
of the major
instruments
and actions
at theRepublike
EuropeanSrpske:
Union 2001
level Okrugli
relatingsto
to
prostornog
uređenja,
građevinarstva
i ekologije
disability
general konvencija
and e-Accessibility
in particular.
na temuin"Okvirna
o klimatskim
promjenama i Kyoto Protokol – Prava i obaveze Bosne
i Hercegovine kao člana Konvencije“: Zbornik radova, Urbanistički zavod Republike Srpske, 2001,
Bosna i Hercegovina.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
Nacionalni akcioni
planovercoming
zaštite životne
Bosna
Hercegovina
e-Accessibility
is about
the sredine
range of(NEAP),
barriers
that ipeople
with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Nacionalni akcioni plan za energetsku efikasnost (NEEAP), Bosna i Hercegovina, nacrt 2012
Society.
REC: Istraživanje o kapacitetima za izradu inventara gasova sa efektom staklene bašte – Bosna i
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Hercegovina. Izvještaj pripremljen za Regionalni centar za zaštitu životne okoline za Centralnu i
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Istočnu Evropu. Bosna i Hercegovina, mart 2004. Martin Tais i Danica Spasova.
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
motor impairment,
and SEE
countries can expect to have a
UNFCCC:
Odluka
2/CP.7:
Okvir zaor
izgradnju
kapaciteta zemalja
u razvoju
similar or higher proportion.
Na putu za Montreal 2005: Međuvladin sastanak pod UNFCCC (COP 11) i Kyoto Protokol (COP/MOP
A perhaps
surprising
number
1) – Izvještaj
o procjeni
države
Bosnaofi international
Hercegovina. agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the
relevant
legal context.
single
EU directive
is dedicated
to e-Accessibility,
but
actions are
Izvještaj
o stanju
okoliša uNo
Bosni
i Hercegovini
2012,
Ministarstvo
vanjske trgovine
i ekonomskih
odnosa,
Fond areas
za dostizanje
ciljeva, Sarajevo,
2012
spread
across
such asmilenijskih
Television razvojnih
Without Frontiers
(for subtitling),
the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
za statistiku
Bosne
i Hercegovine,
Tematski
bilteni i saopštenja
različite oblasti,
www.
isAgencija
also covered
by policy,
and
guidelines and
benchmarking
exist for za
programmatic
support.
bhas.ba
Furthermore,
moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa, Bosna i Hercegovina, Analiza vanjskotrgovinske
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
razmjene Bosne i Hercegovine za 2010. godinu, Sarajevo, 2010;
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
Evropska Komisjia, Izvještaj o napretku Bosne i Hercegovine u 2010. godini, Strategija proširenja i
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
ključni izazovi, Brisel, 2010;
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area
is likely Izvještaj
to further
marginalize
these
groups.
Evropska
komisjia,
o napretku
Bosne
i Hercegovine
u 2011. godini, Strategija proširenja i
ključni2.izazovi
2011.-2012
, Brisel,
Improving
access{COM(2011)666}
to services, public
and 2011;
private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
Evropska
komisija,
Hercegovina
2012 izvještaj o napretku, Proširenje strategije i vodeći
their
remit inBosna
a cost ieffective
manner.
izazovi 2012-2013 {COM(2012) 600}, Brisel, 2012
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
172
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied
people;
it can reduce
the cost
of web
service
development,
andMinistarstvo
enhance the
Napredak
u realizaciji
Milenijumskih
razvojnih
ciljeva
u Bosni
i Hercegovini
2010,
trezora iprospects
finansija BiH,
UN
tim
u
BiH,
Sarajevo,
2010
for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa, Bosna i Hercegovina, Izvještaj iz oblasti
e-Services and to lower the cost.
poljoprivrede za Bosnu i Hercegovinu za 2010. godinu , Sarajevo, 2011;
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
Ministarstvo
vanjske of
trgovine
i ekonomskih
odnosa,
Bosna iofHercegovina,
Izvještaj
aspects of the
development
the Information
Societyizinoblasti
the EU
convergence
different
poljoprivrede
za
Bosnu
i
Hercegovinu
za
2011.
godinu
,
Sarajevo,
2012;
and SEE countries.
Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa, Bosna i Hercegovina, Strateški plan BiH za
harmonizaciju poljoprivrede, prehrane i ruralnog razvoja (2008-2011.);
1.2. About this report
Prvi specific
nacionalni
izvještaj
i Hercegovine za Konvenciju o biološkoj raznolikosti, Federalno
The
goals
of this Bosne
report are:
Ministarstvo okoliša i turizma, Sarajevo, 2008;
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Godišnji izvještaj Generalnog sekretara Savjeta regionalne saradnje o regionalnoj saradnji u
instruments and strategic level documents;
Jugoistočnoj Evropi, 2011-2012, Sarajevo, maj 2012
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
disabilities;
Doprinoswith
Radnoj
grupi III za Četvrti izvještaj o procjeni Međuvladinog panela o klimatskim
promjenama. Bert Metz (kopredsjednik Radne grupe III, Holandska Agencija za procjenu životne
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
okoline), Ogunlade Davidson (kopredsjenik Radne grupe III, Univerzitet u Siera Leone) (2007):
4. to identify good practices in the region;
Klimatske promjene 2007 – ublažavanje klimtskih promjena.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Međudržavni panel o klimatskim promjenama (IPCC). Radna grupa III: Ublažavanje klimatskih
- Sektorski
complyekonomski
with requirements
the UN and
EU.
promjena:
troškovi for
i beneficije
ublažavanja
emisija gasova staklene bašte
Eisenach, Njemačka, 14-15 February 2000.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Međudržavni panel o klimatskim promjenama (IPCC). Izvještaj o Zajedničkom IPCC sastanku
that
is being
implemented
the context
e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional
project
designed by
eksperata
Radne
grupe II iinRadne
grupe of
IIIthe
o integracijiprilagođavanja
klimatskim
promjenama,
the
UNDP Country
Office
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP
NY,
and funded
by the
ublažavanja
i održivog
razvoja
u 4-ti IPCC
Izvještaj o procjeni.
St Denis,
Reunion
Island,
Francuska,
UNDP’s
Democratic
februar 16
– 18, 2005.Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional
action
plan
for Information
Society (IPCC).
development,
andizthe
UNCRPD.
The programmatic
Međudržavni
panel
o klimatskim
promjenama
Sporazumi
Kankuna.
Ublažavanje.
Zvanična
priorities
of the project
are therefore
fully aligned
with the
targets of e-SEE
Agenda+. klimatskih
objava Kompilacije
informacija
o državno
prihvatljivim
aktivnostima
za ublažavanje
promjena koje će biti primjenjene u zemljama u razvoju. 18.03.2011.: Kompilacija informacija o
project isaktivnostima
being implemented
by theklimatskih
Sarajevo-based
UNDP-funded
e-SEE Initiative
državnoThe
prihvatljivim
za ublažavaje
promjena
koje će primjeniti
članice
Secretariat,
capitalizing
on
their
existing
knowledge,
networks
and
resources.
Empowering
koje nisu uključene u Aneks I Konvencije.
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Međudržavni panel o Governance
klimatskim promjenama
(IPCC).
RadnaOffice
grupainIII:
Ublažavanje
klimatskih
Inclusion/Democratic
Sector. The UNDP
Country
Sarajevo
is working
closely
promjena:
Ekonomski
utjecaj Offices
mjera za
ublažavanje:
Zbornik
radova
IPCC sastanka
eksperata
o
with
the fellow
UNDP Country
in the
region, while
the Office
of Senior
ICT Advisor
at the BDP
ekonomskom
za ublažavanje.
Hague, Holandija,
27-28 May, 1999. members of
in
New York is utjecaju
providingmjera
expertise
and playingThe
an advisory
role. Government-appointed
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Ublažavanje
klimatskih promjena u zemljama u razvoju: Brazil, Kina, Indija, Meksiko, Južna Afrika
respective
countries.
i Turska. Pripremljeno za Pew Centar za globalne klimatske promjene. 3. oktobar 2002.
173
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Okvirna konvencija o klimatskim promjenama. Ad Hoc Radna grupa o dugoročnoj zajedničkoj
aktivnosti pod Konvnecijom kompilacije informacija o državno prihvatljivim aktivnostima za ublažavaje
klimatskih promjena koje će primjeniti članice koje nisu uključene u Aneks I Konvencije.18. mart 2011.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Okvirna konvencija o klimatskim promjenama Ujedinjenih nacija. Utjecaji, ranjivosti i prilagođavanje
u zemljama u razvoju.
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
Okvirna konvencija o klimatskim promjenama Ujedinjenih nacija. Ad Hoc Radna grupa o dugoročnoj
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
zajedničkoj aktivnosti pod Konvnecijom. Pogledi na evaluaciju različitih pristupa u unapređenju
byisplativosti
a description
of thenamajor
instruments
and actions
ati the
European
Union
relating to
aktivnosti
ublažavanju
klimatskih
promjena
njihova
promocija.
21 level
mart 2011.
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Okvirna konvencija o klimatskim promjenama Ujedinjenih nacija. Ad Hoc Radna grupa o dugoročnoj
zajedničkoj aktivnosti pod Konvnecijom. Pogledi na elaboraciju tržišno zasnovanih i netržišno
zasnovanih mehanizama i evaluacija različitih pristupa u unapređenju isplativosti aktivnosti na
ublažavanju klimatskih
promjena i njihova
promocija.
21 mart
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming
the range
of barriers
that 2011.
people with disabilities and others
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Razvojni program Ujedinjenih nacija (UNDP): Izvještaj o humanom razvoju 2007/2008. Borba protiv
Society.
klimatskih promjena: Ljudska solidarnost u podijeljenom svijetu.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Program Ujedinjenih nacija za razvoj (UNDP) u Hrvatskoj. Izvješče o društvenom razvoju, Hrvatska
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
2008.: Dobra klima za dobre promjene – Klimatske promjene i njihove posljedice na društvo i
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
gospodarstvo Hrvatske. Zagreb, 2009.
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar
or higher
proportion.
Prvi izvještaj
Republike
Srbije prema Okvirnoj konvenciji Ujedinjenih nacija o promeni klime.
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international
and guidelines
cover
Sažetak
za donositelje
politike
službeno
odobren naagreements,
10. sjednici regulations
1. radne skupine
IPCC-a, Pariz,
this
area. 2007.
At thePromjene
highest international
level, the
UNCRPD,
ratified
andPavelić
coming
intoOctopus,
force in 2008,
is
februar
klime 2007.: Fizička
osnova.
Prijevod:
Andrea
Čajić;
Zagreb.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Sažetak
za donositelje
politike
službenoWithout
odobren
na 10. sjednici
1. radne the
skupine
IPCC-a,
Pariz,
spread
across
areas such
as Television
Frontiers
(for subtitling),
Copyright
Directive
februar
2007.
Promjene
klime
2007.:
Utjecaji,
Prilagodba
i
Ranjivost.
Doprinos
2.
radne
skupine
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
izvješću
procjeni
Međuvladine
o promjenama
klime.
Andreasupport.
Pavelić
isČetvrtom
also covered
by opolicy,
and
guidelines komisije
and benchmarking
exist
for Prijevod:
programmatic
Čajić; Octopus,
Zagreb.
Furthermore,
moves
are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Strategija upravljanja vodama FBiH, FMPVŠ, Sarajevo, 2009
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
Okvirni plan razvoja vodoprivrede RS, MPŠV RS, Bijeljina, 2006
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
Prostorni plan FBiH, Federalno ministarstvo prostornog uređenja, Sarajevo/Mostar, 2011
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
is likely to further
these groups.
Okvirnaarea
vodoprivredna
osnova marginalize
BiH, JVP Vodopriovreda
BiH, Sarajevo, 1994.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
Amelung.
B., Viner.
D (in
Amelung.market/sales
B., Blazejczyk.
K., Matzarakis.
A). help
‘Ranjivost
klimatske
population
opens
significant
opportunities,
and can
public na
services
fulfil
promjene
Mediterana
kao
turističke
destinacije:
Klimatske
promjene
i
turzam
–
procjena
i
strategije
their remit in a cost effective manner.
prevazilaženja’, 2007.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
174
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
people;
can reduceu the
cost of webatmosferi
service development,
and enhance
the
Đurđevicable-bodied
V and Rajković
B: itVerifikacija
kombinovanoj
– okeanski model
koristeći
satelitsko
posmatranje
preko
Jadranskog
mora
,
Annales
Geophysicae,
26/7
(2008),
1935-1954,
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
doi: 10.5194/angeo-26-1935-2008.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Đurđević V and Rajković B: Development of the EBU-POM coupled regional climate model and results
from climate
changeapproaches
experiments,
Advances
in Environmental
Modeling and Measurements
5. Pursuing
thatinfollow
EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist in the
(Environmental
Research
Advances)
eds.
Mihajlovic
T
D
and
Lalic
B,
Nova
Science
Publishers
Inc,
EU
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the
Ch. 3, (2010)
ISBN:
978-1-60876-599-7
and SEE countries.
Krzic A, Tosic I, Đurđević V, Veljovic K, Rajković B: Promjene klimatskih indeksa za Srbiju u skladu
sa SRES-A1B i SRES-A2 scenarijima
Climate Research, 49/1 (2011), 73-86, doi: 10.3354/cr01008
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
Đurđević V i Rajković B: Opis EBU-POM spojenih regionalnih modela i rezultati iz vremenski
isparčanih
eksperimenata
o klimatskimcontext
promjenama
za region
Mediterana.including existing legal
1. to
outline the international
regarding
e-Accessibility
instruments and strategic level documents;
ESF-MedCLIVAR radni seminar «Modeliranje klimatskih promjena za region Mediterana «, Trieste,
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
Italij (2008).
with disabilities;
Hansen, Sato, and Reudy, ‘Percepcija klimatskih promjena: Upravljanje rizicima ekstremnih
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
događaja i katastrofa za napredno prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama’, IPCC, 2012.
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
McKee T. B., Doesken N. J., Kleist. (1993): Frekventnost i trajanje suše u odnosu na vremenski period,
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Osma konferencija o primjenjenoj klimatologiji , 17-22 januay 1993, Anaheim, California, 1-6.
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Smit et al., ‘Prilagođavanje, kapaciteti za prilagođavanje i ranjivost“ , Global Environmental Change
vol 16, 2006.
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that
implemented
in the
context ofpromjena
the e-SEE
It is a regional
project designed
TrbicisG.being
(2008):
Direktni utjecaj
klimatskih
naInitiative.
usluge biodiverziteta
i ekosistema
u Bosniby
the
UNDP Country
Office
in Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
by DG/BDP
NY, and funded by the
i Hercegovini,
Evropski
centar
za konzervaciju
prirode,supported
Tilburg, Holandija,
31-35.
UNDP’s
Governance
Thematic
Trustpromjene
Fund to support
South Eastern
Europe
region
Trbić G, Democratic
Ducić V, Rudan
N (2009):
Regionalne
količinathe
padavina
u Republici
Srpskoj,
in
the implementation
of the
Inclusive
Information
Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
Herald
br. 13, Geografsko
društvo
RS, Banja
Luka, 71-78.
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities
of the
therefore promjene
fully aligned
with the
targets of
Trbic G et
all. project
(2010): are
Regionalne
količina
padavina
u e-SEE
Bosni Agenda+.
i Hercegovini, 6-ta
Međunarodna naučna konferencija posvećena Međunarodnom danu plantete Zemlje, april 2010,
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Sofia, Bugarska.
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
and thepromjena
e-SEE Secretariat
are hrane
positioned
within
the Social
Trbić, G, Vojinović,
Dj. (2011):
Utjecaj klimatskih
na proizvodnju
u Bosni
i Hercegovini,
Poglavlje knjige: Utjecaji
klimatskihSector.
promjena
proizvodnju
Zapadnog
Balkana,
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
Thena
UNDP
Countryhrane
Officeuinregionu
Sarajevo
is working
closely
Regionalni
centar
za životnu
Hungary.
2011.
24-42.
with
the fellow
UNDP
Countryokolinu
OfficesBudapest,
in the region,
while the
Office
of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Spasova
D., Trbic
G., Trkulja
V., Majstorovic
(2007): Studija
za procjenu Focal
utjecaja
klimatskih
the
Regional
e-Governance
Advisory
TaskforceZ.(REGATA)
act as government
Points
for their
promjena
na
poljoprivredu
i
razvoj
strategija
za
prilagođavanje
u
Bosni
i
Hercegovini,
Unapređenje
respective countries.
regionalne saradnje JIE u oblasti klimatske politike, Banja Luka, 1-36.
175
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Okvirni plan aktivnosti za prilagođavanje klimatskim promjenama Jugoistočne Evrope, JIE
Subregionalni virtuelni centar za klimatske promjene u Republičkom hidrometeorološkom zavodu
Srbije, Regionalni centar zaživotnu okolinu za Centralnu i Istočnu Evropu, novembar 2008.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch3s3-4-3.html
http://www.dmcsee.org/en/spi_vasclimo/?year=1983&month=Dec&TimeScale=12
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
http://www.dmcsee.org/en/spi/?year=2003&month=Dec&TimeScale=12
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
176
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
Aneks 1
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Multilateralni ugovori u
oblasti životne sredine
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
177
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
178
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people;
it can
reduce оkoliša
the cost koje
of web
development,
and enhance the
Multilateralni
ugovori
u oblasti
je service
BiH ratificirala
sukcesijom
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4.MULTILATERALNI
The earlier action
is taken,
to integrate
e-Accessibility
development of
UGOVORI
U the easier it is
MJESTO
I GODINA
DATUMinto
RATIFICIRANJA
OBLASTI
OKOLIŠA
USVAJANJA
(sukcesijom)
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Konvencija o barskim i močvarnim područjima
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines
and recommendations
will assist in the
od međunarodnog značaja, posebno staništima
Ramsar, 1971.
1. mart 1992.
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
vodotokova
andoSEE
countries.prekograničnom
Konvencija
dalekosežnom
zagađenju zraka
Protokol o dugoročnom financiranju programa
1.2.
About this report
suradnje za praćenje i procjenu dalekosežne
transmisije zagađivača vazduha u Evropi (EMER)
The
specifico goals
of this report
are:
Konvencija
međunarodnoj
pomorskoj
organizaciji
Ženeva, 1979.
1. septembar 1993.
Ženeva, 1984.
1. septembar 1993.
Ženeva, 1948.
16. jula 1993.
1. to
outline the international
Konvencija
o međunarodnoj
civilnoj avijaciji,context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
Čikago, 1944.
13. januar 1993.
aneks 16instruments
- avionska buka
and strategic level documents;
Konvencija o zaštiti ozonskog omotača
Beč, 1985.
1. septembar 1993.
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied
people versus people
Protokolwith
o supstancama
koje
oštećuju
ozonski
disabilities;
Montreal, 1987.
1. septembar 1993.
omotač
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
Amandmani Montrealskom protokolu prema
4.Ugovornih
to identifystrana
good spractices
in the region;
dogovoru
drugog sastanka
London, 1990.
11. avgust 2003.
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
Amandmani na Montrealski protokol prema
Kopenhagen, 1992.
- Ugovornih
address
thes četvrtog
obstacles
to e-Accessibility;
dogovoru
strana
sastanka
11. avgust 2003.
withprotokol
requirements
Amandmani
na comply
Montrealski
prema for the UN and EU.
Montreal, 1997.
dogovoru Ugovornih strana s devetog sastanka
11. avgust 2003.
Amandmani na Montrealski protokol prema
This
report is
part sofjedanaestog
a larger project, ‘Empowering
Groups
e-Governance’,
dogovoru
Ugovornih
strana
Peking, Marginalised
1999.
Nijeinusvojeno
sastanka
that
is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the
UNDP Country
Office
in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
supported
by DG/BDP NY,
and funded
Konvencija
UN-a o pravu
mora
Zaliv Montego,
1982.
12. januar
1994. by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
Konvencija o zaštiti Sredozemnog mora od
1976. Area of the1.e-SEE
mart 1992.
inzagađenja
the implementation of the Inclusive Information Barselona,
Society Priority
Agenda+, the
regional
plan for
Information
Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
Protokolaction
o sprečavanju
zagađenja
Sredozemnog
Barselona, 1976.
1. mart 1992.
priorities
of the project
therefore
fully aligned with
the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
mora potapanjem
otpadaare
iz brodova
i aviona
Protokol o saradnji u borbi protiv zagađivanja
The project
is being
implemented
UNDP-funded
e-SEE
Sredozemnog
mora naftom
i ostalim
štetnim by the Sarajevo-based
Kuvajt, 1978.
1. mart
1992. Initiative
materijama u capitalizing
slučaju nesreće
Secretariat,
on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised
Groups
in e-Governance
Protokol o zaštiti
Sredozemnog
mora od and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Atina, 1980.
22. oktobar 1994.
zagađenja iz kopnenih izvora
(LSB) Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Inclusion/Democratic
Governance
with
the fellow
UNDP
Countrypodručjima
Offices in ithe region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
Protokol
o posebno
zaštićenim
Ženeva, 1982.
22. oktobar 1994.
raznovrsnosti
Sredozemnog
mora
inbiološkoj
New York
is providing
expertise and
playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the
Regional
e-Governance
Taskforce
(REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Protokol
o posebno
zaštićenimAdvisory
područjima
i
biološkoj
raznovrsnosti
Sredozemnog
mora
Barselona, 1995.
12. decembar 1999.
respective countries.
Mediterana
179
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MULTILATERALNI UGOVORI U
OBLASTI OKOLIŠA
MJESTO I GODINA
USVAJANJA
DATUM RATIFICIRANJA
(sukcesijom)
Konvencija o zaštiti svjetske kulturne i prirodne
baštine
Pariz, 1972.
12. juli 1993.
Konvencija o korišćenju bijelog olova u bojama
Ženeva, 1921.
2. juni 1993.
Ženeva, 1957.
1. septembar 1993.
Beč, 1979.
30. juni 1998.
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Evropski sporazum o međunarodnom prevozu
opasne
robe presents
cestom (ADP)
This
section
an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements
it setsčlana
in all (14)
aspects
of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
Protokol o izmjeni
Evropskog
o međunarodnom
opasne and actions
Njujork,
1975.
1. septembar
1993. to
by sporazuma
a description
of the majorprevozu
instruments
at the
European Union
level relating
robe cestom (ADP)
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Konvencija o fizičkoj zaštiti nuklearnog
materijala
Konvencija
o ribolovu
i o očuvanju bioloških
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
Ženeva, 1958.
bogatstava otvorenog mora
12. januar 1994.
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
Konvencija o teritorijalnom moru i spoljašnjem
1958.on equal terms
1. septembar
1993.
such
as older populations experience when seeking to Ženeva,
participate
in the Information
pojasu
Society.
Konvencija o kontinentalnom grebenu
Ženeva, 1958.
12. januar 1994.
Konvencija
o otvorenom
Ženeva,
1958.
1. septembar
1993.
e-Accessibility
canmoru
potentially refer to any type of
ICT used
by citizens, and
involves everything
Konvencija
o zaštiti
radnika od profesionalnih
from
websites
for e-government
services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
rizika u radnom okruženju uzrokovanih
Ženeva, 1977.
2. juni 1993.
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
zagađenjem zraka, bukom i vibracijama
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Ugovor o zabrani smještaja nuklearnog oružja
London, Moskva,
similar
or higher proportion.
i ostalog oružja za masovno uništenje na dno
15. avgust 1994.
mora i okeana i u njihovo podzemlje
Vašington D.C., 1971.
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international agreements,
guidelines
Ugovor
o neprofilaciji
nuklearnog
oružja
Njujork, 1968. regulations and
15. avgust
1994. cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
Konvencija o ranoj dojavi nuklearne nesreće
Beč, 1986.
30. juni 1998.
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Konvencija o pomoći u slučaju nuklearne
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers
Directive
Beč, (for
1986.subtitling), the Copyright
30. juni 1998.
nesreće ili radiološkog opasnosti
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
Konvencija o zabrani razvoja, proizvodnje
London, Moskva,
is also
covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking
exist for programmatic
support.
i skladištenja bakteriološkog (biološkog) i
15. avgust 1994.
Vašington
D.C.,
1972.
Furthermore,
moves
are afoot
to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
toksičnog oružja
i njihovo
uništenju
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
180
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people;
it can
reduce okoliša
the cost koji
of web
development,
Multilateralni
ugovori
u oblasti
su service
ratificirani
u BiH and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
UGOVORI
U the easier it is
MJESTO
I GODINA
DATUM
4.MULTILATERALNI
The earlier action
is taken,
to integrate
e-Accessibility into
development of
OBLASTI OKOLIŠA
USVAJANJA
RATIFICIRANJA u BiH
e-Services and to lower the cost.
Okvirna konvencija UN o klimatskim
Rio de Žaneiro,
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines
and 1992.
recommendations 2000
will assist in the
promjenama
of the Information Society
in the EU
convergence of different aspects of the development
Kjoto, 1997.
2007
and SEE countries.
Kjoto protokol
Međunarodna konvencija za zaštitu biljaka
Konvencija o kontroli prekograničnog kretanja
opasnog otpada i njegovog odlaganja
1.2. About this report
Konvencija UN o biološkoj raznovrsnosti
The
specific
goals of this
reportbezbjednosti
are:
Protokol
iz Kartagine
o biološkoj
Rim,1951.
2003
Bazel, 1989.
2001
Rio de Žaneiro, 1992.
2002
Kartagina, 2000.
2009
Konvencija UN o borbi protiv dezertifikacije u
1. stovelikim
outline
the international
context regarding
including
existing legal
zemljama
sušama
i/ili dezertifikacijom,
Pariz, e-Accessibility
1994.
2002
posebnoinstruments
u Africi
and strategic level documents;
Konvencija o saradnji radi zaštite i održivog
Sofija, 1994.
2005
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility
for able-bodied people
versus people
korištenja rijeke Dunav
with disabilities;
Konvencija o uspostavljanju evropske i
Pariz, 1955.
2005
sredozemne
zaštitulevel
biljaka
3. to organizacije
assess the za
current
of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. toUNECE-a
identify ogood
practices
in the region;
Konvencija
pristupu
informacijama,
učešću 5.
javnosti
u procesu
odlučivanja
i pristupu
Arhus, 1998.and other stakeholders
2008 on how to:
to develop
a set
of recommendations
for government
pravosudnim organima iz oblasti okoliša
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
Protokol- o registru
zagađivača
i dometu
comply
with requirements
for the UN and
EU.
Kijev,
2003.
zagađenja (PRTR)
2003
Konvencija o persistentnim organskim
Stokholm, 2001.
2010
polutantima
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
Konvencija
međunarodnoj trgovini
ugroženim
that
is beingo implemented
in the context
of the e-SEE
Initiative.
It is a regional project
Vašington
D.C., 1973.
2009 designed by
vrstama divlje flore i faune (CITES)
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
Konvencija
o procjeni Governance
prekograničnog
utjecaja Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
UNDP’s
Democratic
Thematic
ESRO, 1991.
2009
na okoliš
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
Protokol action
o strateškoj
okoliša Society development,
Kijev, 2003.
2003
regional
planprocjeni
for Information
and the UNCRPD. The
programmatic
Konvencija
očuvanju
evropskih
prirodnih
vrsta
priorities
ofothe
project
are therefore
fully
aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
i prirodnih staništa
Bern, 1979.
2008
project
is being
by theKranjska
Sarajevo-based
e-SEE Initiative
OkvirniThe
sporazum
o slivu
rijeke implemented
Save
gora, 2002.UNDP-funded2003
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Konvencija o zaštiti i korišćenju prekograničnih
Helsinki,
1992. are positioned within
2009 the Social
Marginalised
Groups in e-Governance
and the e-SEE
Secretariat
vodotoka i međunarodnih
jezera
Inclusion/Democratic
Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
Izmjene članova 25 i 26 Governance
Konvencija o zaštiti
with
the fellow
UNDP Country
Offices
the2003.
Office of Senior ICT Advisor
i korištenju
prekograničnih
vodotoka
i in the region, while
Madrid,
2010 at the BDP
međunarodnih
jezera
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
Konvencija
the
Regionalo prekograničnim
e-Governance utjecajima
Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
Helsinki, 1992.
Nije usvojen
industrijskih
incidenata
respective countries.
181
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MULTILATERALNI UGOVORI U
OBLASTI OKOLIŠA
MJESTO I GODINA
USVAJANJA
DATUM
RATIFICIRANJA u BiH
Protokol o građanskoj odgovornosti i kompenzaciji
za štetu uzrokovanu prekograničnim utjecajima
industrijskih nesreća na prekogranične
vode, Konvenciji iz 1992. o zaštiti i korištenju
Kijev, 2003.
2003
prekograničnih vodotoka i međunarodnih jezera
i Konvenciji
1992. o prekograničnim
utjecajima
This
sectioniz presents
an overview
of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
industrijskih incidenata
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
konvencija
Evrope
o vrijednosti and actions at the European Union level relating to
byOkvirna
a description
of Savjeta
the major
instruments
Faro, 2005.
2009
kulturne baštine za društvo
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
Ugovor o energetskoj povelji
Lisabon, 1994.
2001
Lisabon, 1994.
efikasnosti
i pripadajućim
aspektima okoliša
1.1.
Why
e-Accessibility?
2001
Energetska povelja - Protokol o energetskoj
Konvencija o bezbjednosti
i zdravlju u rudnicima
Ženeva,
1995.
2010 and others
e-Accessibility
is about overcoming
the range of barriers
that
people with disabilities
Konvencija
bezbjednosti iexperience
zdravlju u when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
such
as oldero populations
Ženeva, 2001.
2010
poljoprivredi
Society.
Konvencija o radu u sektoru ribarstva
Ženeva, 2007.
2010
e-Accessibility
canvelikih
potentially
refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
Konvencija
o sprečavanju
industrijskih
Ženeva, 1993.
2010
nesreća
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
Evropska Up
konvencija
o krajoliku
Firenca,
2000. across the
Firenca,
2000. Union has a disability,
2010 such as a
television.
to 15 percent
of the
population
European
visual,
hearing,
speech,
cognitive,
or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
Konvencija
o zabrani
korišćenja,
skladištenja,
proizvodnje
i prevozu
protivpješadijskih mina i o
Oslo 1997
1998
similar
or higher
proportion.
njihovom uništenju
Konvencija
o prethodno
informisanoj
saglasnosti
A perhaps
surprising
number
of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
procedura za određene opasne hemikalije i
Roterdam, 1998
2007
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
pesticide u međunarodnom saobraćaju
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
Konvencija o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim
Vašington(for
DC, subtitling),
1973
2009 Directive
spread
across
such . as Television Without Frontiers
the Copyright
vrstama
divlje areas
flore i faune
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
I Amandman Konvencije o međunarodnoj
is trgovini
also covered
by vrstama
policy, divlje
and flore
guidelines
ugroženim
i faune and benchmarking
Bon, 1979 exist for programmatic
2009 support.
(član XI)
Furthermore,
moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
Evropski okvir konvencije o prekograničnoj
saradnji
između
i
Madrid,
1980
2008
There
is ati 1980
leastteritorijalnih
a five-fold zajednica
justification
for early
action
in the area of e-Accessibility:
vlasti
Konvencija
1. It oismeđunarodnom
worthwhile in prevozu
its own robe
right to improve access
to services to people who
Bern, 1980.
1996 are already
željeznicom
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
Izvor: Program UN-a za zaštitu životne sredine, Pregled pravnog i institucionalnog
area is likely to further marginalize
these
groups.
okvira za zaštitu
okoliša
u BiH, 2011.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
182
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
1.2. About this report
The specific goals of this report are:
Aneks 2
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
Zbirne godišnje tabele
(1991-2001) inventara gasova
staklene bašte
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
183
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
184
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
4,23
0,00
393,75
393,75
397,98
SO2
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,59
0,00
23,17
23,17
23,76
NMVOC
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
11,72
0,35
0,00
NE
NE
A
NE
The specific goals of this report are:
NE
NE
P
NE
SF6
A
NE
1.2. About this report
NE
76,80
0,00
126,76
126,76
76,80
138,48
77,15
(Gg)
CO
NOx
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1991.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
P
PFCs
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
HFCs
NE
NE
NE
A
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
47,26
0,00
0,00
7,30
83,79
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,52
75,36
1,09
1,09
75,88
8,39
206,93
CH4
N2O
P
NE
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
NE
NE
NE
NE
0.00
0.00
6. Otpad
0.00
-7.689,00
0.00
0.00
4. Poljoprivreda
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
NE
2.499,85
0.00
21.350,45
NE
21.350,45
0.00
-7.689,00
23.850,30
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
CO2
CO2
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Mornarica
Avijacija
Međunarodna spremišta
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
1. Energija
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
KATEGORIJE
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
185
3
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
61,55
0,00
9,32
9,32
61,55
9,32
61,55
(Gg)
CO
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1992.
NMVOC
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,03
0,00
124,77
124,77
124,80
SO2
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
27,43
27,43
27,43
NE
NE
NE
NE
SF6
A
NOx
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
NE
NE
A
NE
P
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
A
P
PFCs
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
5,04
NE
0,00
0,00
0,11
0,11
NE
NE
5,15
144,62
N2O
P
HFCs
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0.00
0.00
0.00
NE
0,00
32,40
0,00
-10.147,00
0.00
0.00
NE
42.04
0.00
5.891,28
NE
5.891,28
0.00
89,34
0,00
21,24
1,64
22,88
-10.147,00
5.933,32
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
CO2
CO2
CH4
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Međunarodna spremišta
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Mornarica
Avijacija
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
6. Otpad
4. Poljoprivreda
1. Energija
KATEGORIJE
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
2
186
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
29,19
29,19
29,19
SO2
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,48
0,48
0,48
NMVOC
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
NE
NE
A
NE
The specific goals of this report are:
NE
NE
P
NE
SF6
A
NE
1.2. About this report
NE
6,00
0,00
0,67
0,67
6,00
0,67
6,00
(Gg)
CO
NOx
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1993.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
P
PFCs
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
HFCs
NE
NE
NE
A
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
17,90
0,00
0,00
2,36
24,24
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,60
7,45
0,05
0,05
8,05
2,41
50,19
CH4
N2O
P
NE
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
6. Otpad
0.00
-10.568,00
0,00
0,00
4. Poljoprivreda
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
NE
0,00
0,00
2.208,48
NE
2.208,48
0.00
-10.568,00
2.208,48
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
CO2
CO2
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Mornarica
Avijacija
Međunarodna spremišta
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
1. Energija
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
KATEGORIJE
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
187
3
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,65
0,00
0,52
0,52
0,65
0,52
0,65
(Gg)
CO
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1994.
NMVOC
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
31,66
31,66
31,66
SO2
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
6,57
6,57
6,57
NE
NE
NE
NE
SF6
A
NOx
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
NE
NE
A
NE
P
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
A
P
PFCs
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
2,70
NE
0,00
0,00
0,05
0,05
NE
NE
2,75
N2O
P
HFCs
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0.00
NE
0,00
21,60
0,00
-10.081,00
0.00
0,00
NE
0,00
0,00
2.426,14
NE
2.426,14
0,00
27,04
0,00
7,63
0,64
8,27
-10.081,00
2.426,14
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
CO2
CO2
CH4
56,91
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Međunarodna spremišta
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Mornarica
Avijacija
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
6. Otpad
4. Poljoprivreda
1. Energija
KATEGORIJE
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
2
188
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,01
0,00
33,71
33,71
33,72
SO2
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,51
0,51
0,51
NMVOC
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
NE
NE
A
NE
The specific goals of this report are:
NE
NE
P
NE
SF6
A
NE
1.2. About this report
NE
5,80
0,00
0,58
0,58
5,80
0,58
5,80
(Gg)
CO
NOx
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1995.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
P
PFCs
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
HFCs
NE
NE
NE
A
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
24,20
0,00
0,00
2,98
33,35
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,64
7,56
0,04
0,04
8,20
3,02
65,75
CH4
N2O
P
NE
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
6. Otpad
0.00
-10.240,00
0,00
0,00
4. Poljoprivreda
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
NE
21,06
0,00
2.119,50
NE
2.119,50
0.00
-10.240,00
2.140,56
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
CO2
CO2
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Mornarica
Avijacija
Međunarodna spremišta
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
1. Energija
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
KATEGORIJE
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
189
3
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,01
0,02
1,21
0,00
1,00
1,00
1,21
1,01
1,23
(Gg)
CO
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1996.
NMVOC
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,05
0,00
126,06
126,06
126,11
SO2
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,01
0,00
12,03
12,03
12,04
NE
NE
NE
NE
SF6
A
NOx
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
NE
NE
A
NE
P
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
A
P
PFCs
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
3,42
NE
0,00
0,00
0,11
0,11
NE
NE
3,53
N2O
P
HFCs
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0.00
NE
0,00
35,50
0,00
-9.367,00
0.00
0,00
NE
88,98
0,00
4.340,64
NE
4.340,64
0,00
37,71
0,00
14,38
1,25
15,63
-9.367,00
4.429,62
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
CO2
CO2
CH4
88,84
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Međunarodna spremišta
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Mornarica
Avijacija
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
6. Otpad
4. Poljoprivreda
1. Energija
KATEGORIJE
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
2
190
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,19
0,00
177,98
177,98
178,17
SO2
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,03
0,00
1,53
1,53
1,56
NMVOC
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,84
0,02
0,00
NE
NE
A
NE
The specific goals of this report are:
NE
NE
P
NE
SF6
A
NE
1.2. About this report
NE
19,64
0,00
1,94
1,94
19,64
2,78
19,66
(Gg)
CO
NOx
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1997.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
P
PFCs
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
HFCs
NE
NE
NE
A
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
35,20
0,00
0,00
3,55
40,74
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
1,86
21,26
0,13
0,13
23,12
3,68
99,06
CH4
N2O
P
NE
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
6. Otpad
0.00
-8.483,00
0,00
0,00
4. Poljoprivreda
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
NE
190,61
0,00
6.831,88
NE
6.831,88
0.00
-8.483,00
7.022,49
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
CO2
CO2
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Mornarica
Avijacija
Međunarodna spremišta
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
1. Energija
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
KATEGORIJE
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
191
3
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,03
5,18
92,86
0,00
13,99
13,99
92,86
14,02
98,04
(Gg)
CO
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1998.
NMVOC
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,69
0,00
230,22
230,22
230,91
SO2
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,09
NE
0,00
38,37
38,37
38,46
NE
NE
NE
NE
SF6
A
NOx
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
NE
NE
A
NE
P
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
A
P
PFCs
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
3,61
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,16
0,16
NE
3,77
108,52
N2O
P
HFCs
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0.00
NE
0,00
39,00
0,00
-8.307,00
0.00
0,00
NE
307,27
0,00
10.469,65
NE
10.469,65
0,00
41,43
0,00
25,76
2,33
28,09
-8.307,00
10.776,92
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
CO2
CO2
CH4
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Međunarodna spremišta
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Mornarica
Avijacija
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
6. Otpad
4. Poljoprivreda
1. Energija
KATEGORIJE
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
2
192
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
1,15
0,00
235,13
235,13
236,28
SO2
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,03
0,00
14,62
14,62
14,65
NMVOC
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
9,28
0,16
0,00
A
NE
NE
NE
The specific goals of this report are:
NE
P
NE
NE
SF6
A
NE
1.2. About this report
NE
37,76
0,00
117,42
117,42
37,76
126,70
37,92
(Gg)
CO
NOx
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 1999.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
P
PFCs
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
HFCs
NE
NE
NE
A
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
43,30
0,00
0,00
3,89
42,69
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
24,51
0,18
2,30
26,81
112,80
0,18
NE
4,07
P
CH4
N2O
NE
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
6. Otpad
0.00
-7.297,00
0,00
0,00
4. Poljoprivreda
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
NE
394,49
0,00
10.573,51
NE
10.573,51
0.00
-7.297,00
10.968,00
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
CO2
CO2
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Mornarica
Avijacija
Međunarodna spremišta
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
1. Energija
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
KATEGORIJE
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
193
3
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,05
12,86
115,22
0,00
14,37
14,37
115,22
14,42
128,08
(Gg)
CO
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 2000.
NMVOC
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
1,55
0,00
221,82
221,82
223,37
SO2
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,22
NE
0,00
39,10
39,10
39,32
NE
NE
NE
NE
SF6
A
NOx
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
NE
NE
A
NE
P
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
A
P
PFCs
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,00
3,78
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0,20
0,20
NE
3,98
113,45
N2O
P
HFCs
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
0,00
0,00
0.00
NE
0,00
45,90
0,00
-7.302,00
0.00
0,00
NE
455,65
0,00
11.177,58
NE
11.177,58
0,00
40,68
0,00
24,48
2,39
26,87
-7.302,00
11.633,23
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
CO2
CO2
CH4
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Međunarodna spremišta
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
Mornarica
Avijacija
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
6. Otpad
4. Poljoprivreda
1. Energija
KATEGORIJE
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
2
194
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
THE UNITED
NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION
ON CLIMATEnacija
CHANGE
Drugi nacionalni
izvještaj
Bosne i UNDER
Hercegovine
u skladu
s Okvirnom
konvencijom
Ujedinjenih
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1,58
0,00
212,16
212,16
213,74
SO2
able-bodied people; it can reduce the cost of web service development, and enhance the
prospects for migrating web services onto new platforms such as mobile phones.
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,41
0,00
14,94
14,94
15,35
NMVOC
4. The earlier action is taken, the easier it is to integrate e-Accessibility into development of
e-Services and to lower the cost.
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
13,02
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
The specific goals of this report are:
A
0,24
0,00
0,00
P
0,00
SF6
A
0,00
1.2. About this report
0,00
39,83
0,00
121,52
121,52
39,83
134,54
40,07
(Gg)
CO
NOx
IZVJEŠTAJ 1.B SAŽET IZVJEŠTAJ INVENTARA STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA (IPCC TABELA 7B)
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - Godina 2001.
5. Pursuing approaches that follow EU guidelines and recommendations will assist in the
convergence of different aspects of the development of the Information Society in the EU
and SEE countries.
0,00
0,00
0,00
CO2 ekvivalent (Gg)
P
PFCs
1. to outline the international context regarding e-Accessibility including existing legal
instruments and strategic level documents;
HFCs
0,00
0,00
0,00
A
2. to develop a comparative picture of e-Accessibility for able-bodied people versus people
with disabilities;
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
47,07
0,00
0,00
4,34
40,83
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
24,08
0,37
3,20
27,28
115,18
0,37
0,00
4,71
P
CH4
N2O
0,00
3. to assess the current level of e-Accessibility and e-Accessibility stakeholders;
4. to identify good practices in the region;
5. to develop a set of recommendations for government and other stakeholders on how to:
address the obstacles to e-Accessibility;
comply with requirements for the UN and EU.
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
6. Otpad
0.00
-7.212,00
0,00
0,00
4. Poljoprivreda
5. Promjena namjene zemljišta i šumarstvo
0,00
596,63
0,00
11.642,95
12.526,71
11.642,95
0.00
-7.212,00
12.239,58
(Gg)
ponori
emisije
3. Upotreba rastvarača i drugih proizvoda
IZVORI I PONORI STAKLENIČKIH PLINOVA
CO2
CO2
This report is part of a larger project, ‘Empowering Marginalised Groups in e-Governance’,
that is being implemented in the context of the e-SEE Initiative. It is a regional project designed by
the UNDP Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported by DG/BDP NY, and funded by the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund to support the South Eastern Europe region
in the implementation of the Inclusive Information Society Priority Area of the e-SEE Agenda+, the
regional action plan for Information Society development, and the UNCRPD. The programmatic
priorities of the project are therefore fully aligned with the targets of e-SEE Agenda+.
CO2 emisije iz biomase
Multilateralne aktivnosti
Mornarica
Avijacija
Međunarodna spremišta
Ostale stavke:
7. Ostalo
2. Industrijski procesi
B. Fugitivne emisije iz goriva
Sektorski pristup
A. Sagorijevanje goriva Referentni pristup
1. Energija
Ukupne emisije, uključujući ponore
KATEGORIJE
The project is being implemented by the Sarajevo-based UNDP-funded e-SEE Initiative
Secretariat, capitalizing on their existing knowledge, networks and resources. Empowering
Marginalised Groups in e-Governance and the e-SEE Secretariat are positioned within the Social
Inclusion/Democratic Governance Sector. The UNDP Country Office in Sarajevo is working closely
with the fellow UNDP Country Offices in the region, while the Office of Senior ICT Advisor at the BDP
in New York is providing expertise and playing an advisory role. Government-appointed members of
the Regional e-Governance Advisory Taskforce (REGATA) act as government Focal Points for their
respective countries.
195
3
Drugi NATIONAL
nacionalni
izvještaj Bosne
Hercegovine
u skladu s Okvirnom
Ujedinjenih
nacija
SECOND
COMMUNICATION
OFi BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
UNDER THEkonvencijom
UNITED NATION
FRAMEWORK
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
This section presents an overview of the UNCRPD, its significance and main sections, the
requirements it sets in all aspects of e-Accessibility and how it is to be implemented. This is followed
by a description of the major instruments and actions at the European Union level relating to
disability in general and e-Accessibility in particular.
1.1. Why e-Accessibility?
e-Accessibility is about overcoming the range of barriers that people with disabilities and others
such as older populations experience when seeking to participate on equal terms in the Information
Society.
e-Accessibility can potentially refer to any type of ICT used by citizens, and involves everything
from websites for e-government services, to telephony support for blind people to subtitling on
television. Up to 15 percent of the population across the European Union has a disability, such as a
visual, hearing, speech, cognitive, or motor impairment, and SEE countries can expect to have a
similar or higher proportion.
A perhaps surprising number of international agreements, regulations and guidelines cover
this area. At the highest international level, the UNCRPD, ratified and coming into force in 2008, is
the relevant legal context. No single EU directive is dedicated to e-Accessibility, but actions are
spread across areas such as Television Without Frontiers (for subtitling), the Copyright Directive
(for copyright exemptions), and the Telecoms Framework (for assistive technologies). e-Accessibility
is also covered by policy, and guidelines and benchmarking exist for programmatic support.
Furthermore, moves are afoot to strengthen these and to enact more legislation.
There is at least a five-fold justification for early action in the area of e-Accessibility:
1. It is worthwhile in its own right to improve access to services to people who are already
marginalized. It helps fulfil the promise of the Information Society to reduce rather than
increase the disadvantages certain populations face. Conversely, insufficient effort in this
area is likely to further marginalize these groups.
2. Improving access to services, public and private, to such a significant proportion of the
population opens significant market/sales opportunities, and can help public services fulfil
their remit in a cost effective manner.
3. Improving e-Accessibility for the marginalized could also lead to improved access for
2
196