- IslandLives

Transcription

- IslandLives

EXPLORING PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST
In The Eastern Half Of Prince Edward Island
Froxn Victoria T o Cavendish T o East Point T o W o o d Islands
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Homes - Farms - Government Buildings - Churches - Harbours - Lighthouses - Sites Of Special Interest
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IF BUILDINGS COULD TALK
WHAT WOULD THEY SAY?
BOOK ONE - EASTERN P.E.I.
Illustrations and Coninientary By Sterling Stratton
Special Page For Schools
"The Educational Approach"
Prince Edward Island
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Dedicated T o
Elwood A n d George
S t u d e n t s In New Brunswick W h o T a u g h t Me T h e Meaning Of
Stoutheartedness
©
Despite T h e Challenge O r C o m m o n Standards
They G r a d u a t e d F r o m H i g h School
A n d T h r o u g h Perseverance A n d Courage
Became Successful C a n a d i a n Citizens
Book One
Stouthearted Series
IF BUILDINGS COULD TALK . . . WHAT WOULD THEY SAY?
Eastern Half Of Prince Edward Island
CONTENTS
Paste
Year
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
1881
1895
1887
1898
1800's
1919
1854
1907
1893
1860
1825
1863
1877
1800's
1846
1847
1847
1900
1880
1856
1867
1834
1890
1919
Location
Introduction
Cape Bear Lighthouse
Dalvay By t h e Sea
Charlottetown City Hall
Little Sands U n i t e d C h u r c h . . . .
S a n d s t o n e Buildings
McNichol - Best H o u s e
Main Building, U P E I
Railway Stations
The Highlands
Island Inns
Ravenwood
Rustico B a n k / D o u c e t H o u s e . . . .
Beaconsfield
Island Architecture
T h e Pavilion
Province H o u s e - Confederation .
Province H o u s e - Legislature . . .
MacDonald Farm
M e a c h a m ' s Atlas
Macphail H o m e s t e a d
E a s t P o i n t Lighthouse
Government House
Orwell C o r n e r
St. D u n s t a n ' s Basilica
The Educational Approach
Topics
and
Discussion Starters
Overview O r Building Types - T h e A t m o s p h e r e In T h e 1800's
Lighthouse Duties - Marconi - Titanic - U-hoats - C u h a n Tobacco
F i r s t O w n e r - Wealthy Princess - Fireplaces - Dentistry
City Responsihilities - 1880's Fire S t a t i o n - Big Donald - S u n d i a l
C o n s t r u c t i o n Design - Pews - P u m p O r g a n - Scotland
S a n d s t o n e Facts - Q u a r r y - Efficient C o n s t r u c t i o n Techniques
C a r d i g a n River I n n - Architect J o h n H u n t e r - Dr. B a n t i n g - Insulin
E n r o l l m e n t - College Sisters - Dalton Hall - O u t d o o r Classroom
U r h a n vs. Rural Stations - Kilometres In Rail System - Ice Boats
C o m m u n i t y Leadership - Dance Pavilion - Georgetown
G r a n d H o m e s - A n t i q u e F u r n i t u r e - Website Visitations
T h e E x p e r i m e n t a l F a r m - Brick M a n u f a c t u r i n g - G r e e n h o u s e - F a r m e r s ' M a r k e t
F a r m e r ' s B a n k - Oldest Dwelling - F a t h e r Belcourt - St. Augustine's C h u r c h
Decorative Interiors - F u r n i s h i n g s - Heritage F o u n d a t i o n - School Books
Historic Places Register - L Shaped H o m e - Palladian W i n d o w
G r e a t George Street - F a t h e r s Or Confederation - J o h n A. MacDonald
C a n a d a ' s Birthplace - C h a r l o t t e t o w n Conference - Fantasy Interview
Legislative Assembly - Laws - C o n s t r u c t i o n Skills - Red T a p e
Kinross H o m e s t e a d - B o s t o n States - Schooling - Findlay Stove
S a m u e l H o l l a n d - Lot Maps - Six Tasks - 1880's Illustrations
Sir A n d r e w - Macphail W o o d s - S c h o o l g r o u n d s - Servants - Knight
F o g h o r n - T w o Tides - Brass Polish - Easter Eggs
Survey Of T h e Island - Governor's Residence - Lieutenant-Governor's Responsibilities
G e n e r a l Store - School - C h u r c h - B l a c k s m i t h - Life In T h e C o m m u n i t y
B u i l d i n g Details - Q u e e n S q u a r e School - Bicycling Exercise - Belvedere
P u r p o s e - Philosophical F o u n d a t i o n - T h e T e x t b o o k - Measuring O u t c o m e s
INTRODUCTION
To The Read'er
IF BUILDINGS
COULD TALK . . .
is a book about buildings
tbat were constructed
from tke years 1825 to 1919
or
as some might say
'were built around the late 1800's ".
Hark
An important and interesting fact is that all of the buildings in the book were still being used
i n the year 2000; and, unless they have been lost for some reason like a fire,
they are still there today.
In the late 1800's, the majority of people living on Prince Edward Island were First Nations People
id relatives of immigrants who came from France, England and Scotland.
anc
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In order to have a feeling
for this period of time:
FIRST Examine scenes from the 1800's
that are on this and
the opposite page,
AND
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Country Church
Country Store
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SECOND Imagine what trie Island
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was
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m
1880 hy reading
the following summary.
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School
Cannery
- In 1880 there were no automohifes, nojpavedroads, no efectric fights, and no tefephones (or tvs,
computers, or mp3j)fayers). But it was a gforious era ... a prosperous time ... wood, wind and water were
very important ...It was a time of smaff Businesses andsmaffjarms ... there were hundreds ofsawmiffs, ship yards,
jfour miffs, canningfactories andjorges ... churches dotted the countryside ... ship-Buifding invofved the construction of numerous
farge and smaff vessefs ... the raifway was newfy horn ... and Lucy Maud Montgomery was writing 'yards and yards' ojyoetry
... it was a time of grand huifdings made of sandstone and wood... it was a time of hope and goodJortune -*
[in part from Meacham's Atlas Reproduction 1 9 7 3 ]
IF BUILDINGS COULD TALK .
includes
sketches of huildingfs
at twenty-tour sites
on
Prince E d w a r d Island,
also included
are
stories ahout each location.
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Street Scene
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Post Offi
Cape Bear Lighthouse - Built In 1 8 8 1
P.E.I. Map - Route 18 Near Beach Point
C a p e Bear is located o n the southeastern tip of Prince Edward Island. At Cape Bear, the coast consists of rugged red
s a n d s t o n e cliffs a n d small secluded beaches. T h e high h a n k s offer a good location for a lighthouse a n d for viewing curious seals
b o b b i n g u p and down in the N o r t h u m b e r l a n d Strait.
C a p e Bear Lighthouse has heen located on this cliff since 1 8 8 1 . In 1 9 4 7 , the lighthouse was moved inland hecause of t h e
erosion of t h e cliffs. T h e picture helow shows the huilding when it included the lighthouse keeper's living quarters at t h e hack of
t h e structure. In 1 9 6 3 , the living quarters were moved to another location and are used as a cahin for overnight guests.
T h e sketch o n t h e opposite page illustrates the appearance of the lighthouse in 2 0 0 6 . T h e huilding is a square, three
storey structure with gahled windows a n d a w a r n i n g heacon on top. T h e heacon is 2 3 metres ahove the water, while t h e huilding
itself s t a n d s at 1 2 . 4 metres.
O n a clear day its light can he seen from u p to
2 2 . 5 k m [14 miles]. D u r i n g the Second W o r l d War,
the lighthouse proved useful for spotting G e r m a n
U-hoats (submarines) t h a t neared the coast. Several
U-hoats were seen from the shore, h u t disappeared
while heing tracked. They prohahly vanished into t h e
deep trench which runs between the Magdalen Island,
Quebec and Prince E d w a r d Island.
_ _ _ _ _
PATRIOT
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT
Discussion Starters - Excerpts As Reported In
The Patriot May 1881 •"^""Transportation -
Steamer "Carroll" will leave Charlottetown at 5 p.m. for Boston direct »+•*••*•
Medical • It is worse than madness to neglect a hacking cough or cold; to do so is
simply to invite consumption; battle the disease [with] Northrop & Lyman's
Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda »••••••»••
Business • A new stock of smoker's requisites have been received at Rubin's
Cigar Store • Prime tobaccos, the best Havana cigars »*•»*•»*• Personal • A six
year old son of Mr. James
of the Railway, died very suddenly yesterday
while at his dinner. He was seized with a cramp and expired in a few seconds.
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Original Cape Bear Lighthouse
In 1 9 0 5 , t h e Cape Bear Lighthouse was given
a new responsihility. It hecame the location or a
Marconi wireless radio station A very tall 5 3 . 6 m
[165 foot] pole (transmitter) was erected near the
lighthouse. T h e m a i n purpose 01 the station was
t o communicate with government ice-hreahers
which travelled to Pictou, Charlottetown and
Georgetown.
Just nine years earlier, a n Italian inventor
n a m e d Marconi h a d developed wireless telegraphy
(sending messages t h r o u g h the air). T h i s was the
heginning or all m o d e r n long-distance radio
communications. Many scientists helieved that t h e
distance a wireless message could travel would he very
limited, however, in Decemher 1 9 0 1 , Marconi sent
a wireless signal across the Atlantic O c e a n (4600 km)
from E n g l a n d to St. John's Newfoundland.
Eventually, m a n y wireless radio stations were
constructed t h r o u g h o u t the world including the one
at Cape B e a r in C a n a d a .
Cape Bear hecame famous hecause it was
t h e first C a n a d i a n land station to hear t h e S . O . S .
distress call of the Titanic in 1 9 1 2 as she sank
1 5 3 kilometres south of the G r a n d B a n k s of
Newfoundland.
Internet Investigation
Topic: RMS Titanic
The RMS Titanic was a British passenger
liner — search for the following information:
In what year did it sink? What caused it to sink? How long
was the ship? How many passengers? How many lifeboats?
How many people survived? Was the wreck ever discovered?
.-ape
Lighthc
>alvay B y Tke Sea - Built In 1 8 9 5
P.E.I. Map - National Park At Dalvay
O n Trie Snore Road
W h e n travellers reach Dalvay Lake o n the shore road in t h e National Park, they are treated t o a magnificent view of
Dalvay By T h e Sea, o n e of the most heautiful heritage inns o n Prince Edward Island. T h e T h o m p s o n family, operators of the
i n n , have m a i n t a i n e d a h i g h s t a n d a r d of care as was the case with the huilding's original owner.
Over the years, a n u m h e r of interesting
people have owned the inn. T h e first owner,
Alexander MacDonald was a wealthy husiness
m a n whose hoyhood home in Scotland was
also n a m e d Dalvay. H e huilt the s u m m e r
h o m e for $ 5 0 , 0 0 0 . His family visited many
countries, including Egypt a n d Italy, hringing
hack furniture, pottery and draperies which he
placed at Dalvay By T h e Sea. As well, he
huilt a hilliards r o o m and a covered howling
alley. W a t e r and power were supplied to the
house hy using windmills. E a c h s u m m e r
season he sponsored a dance for the local
people.
Mr. MacDonald died in 1 9 1 0 a n d left
his fortune of 15 million dollars to his two
granddaughters Helena and Laura w h o were
in their teens. T h e wealthy young w o m e n
decided to move t o E u r o p e to seek t h e
friendship of royalty and, eventually, h o t h married princes. Unfortunately, H e l e n a a n d Laura's inherited fortune was n o t well
m a n a g e d a n d they lost all of their wealth. T h e end result was that the "princes" divorced t h e girls. D u e to their financial losses,
the g r a n d d a u g h t e r s could n o longer afford t o own Dalvay. Laura told t h e caretaker, a Mr. Hughes, t h a t he could keep the
property if h e paid t h e local taxes. H e paid t h e taxes in
C h a r l o t t e t o w n a n d owned the h u i l d i n g for t h e s u m of $ 4 8 6 . 5 7 .
Topic: Bedrooms At
In later years, a n o t h e r owner was C a p t a i n Dick who was a
The Inn .... Search for Dalvay By The Sea
examine
prohihition rum-runner.
the photo gallery
describe the furniture in one of the
By 1 9 3 8 , the h o u s e a n d l a n d were sold t o the G o v e r n m e n t of
beautiful bedrooms.
C a n a d a a n d became p a r t of the N a t i o n a l P a r k .
T h e iacilities at Dalvay By T h e Sea are very attractive a n d include a majestic staircase, large parlour, dining area
overlooking Dalvay Lake, a n d antiques in each r o o m . T h e building's atmosphere has a E u r o p e a n flavour which was introduced
hy Mr. a n d Mrs. R e y m o n d -who began to lease the property in 1 9 5 9 . Two eye-catching highlights at Dalvay By T h e Sea are t h e
imposing fireplaces in the m a i n hall a n d parlour. (See sketches helow) Both fireplaces are larger t h a n a Volkswagen.
Volkswagen ... 1.5 m X 4 m
Main Hallway Fireplace [3m x 3.6m]
In the early years, the MacDonald family hired a large
n u m b e r of servants, cooks, h o u s e m a i d s , a gardener, two
butlers, two laundresses, a caretaker, a n d two m e n t o look
after the horses a n d stable. It is reported that, in 1 8 9 6 ,
t h e a n n u a l costs a m o u n t e d t o $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 per season.
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P a r l o u r Fireplace [3m x 5m]
Wbt (Cxaminer COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT - Discussion Starters • Excerpts As Reported In The Examiner 1895 »••»>••+• Sunlight Soap - Twin Bar
6 Cents... For every 12 'Sunlight' wrappers, receive a useful paper-bound book, 160 pages »•»»•»* OPERA HOUSE • Anna Eva Fay, the strangest, queerest and funniest entertainment in
existence... any very small children will not be admitted at any price »••»••»•• Lost • On Wednesday, a canary *»•»*•** Wanted - Two laundresses, one meat and fish cook ... one kitchen g
for Summer Hotel »*•»*•»*• Painless Dentistry • Testimonial - The 17 teeth you extracted ... gave me less pain than having one taken out (in the past)... I shall send all my neighbors to
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Cnarlottetown City Hall - Built In 1888 j
Corner Of Kent And Queen Streets
T h e City Hall in C h a r l o t t e t o w n contains meeting rooms a n d offices for people w h o looh alter the husiness of t h e city.
T h e m a i n decisions for t h e city are m a d e at City Hall hy t h e Mayor a n d ten City Councillors who are elected hy t h e residents of
C n a r l o t t e t o w n . S o m e of the services t h a t are administered hy the City Council are: W a t e r & Sewer; Police; Fire; Puhlic Works;
P a r k s ; E n v i r o n m e n t ; T o u r i s m ; P l a n n i n g & Development; a n d U r h a n Beautification.
Charlottetown's first t o w n hall, huilt in the early 1800's, was a small wooden huilding located in Q u e e n s S q u a r e . It was
originally a court house a n d later a flour a n d meal market.
In 1 8 8 8 , a new city hall was huilt on the corner of Kent
and Q u e e n Streets to accommodate the growing needs of the
c o m m u n i t y . It was a t h r e e story red t r i c k huilding, grand in
scale and elegant in design. It h a d a high square, corner tower
that rose to 2 6 . 8 metres (eighty feet). Inside t h e tower were
hooks which were built t o h a n g a n d dry fire hoses.
T h e m a i n part of t h e structure was 13.4 metres (forty-tour
feet) high. T h e huilding included offices, meeting rooms,
council chamhers, a court room, a police station a n d fire
station, a n d two fireproof vaults. A marshal's office was
located on the main floor, with a reserve cell for w o m e n . In
the basement were four large cells and one dark one. Legend
states that t h e third floor was used, at one time, as a dance
hall. T h e floor was h a r d w o o d and perfectly suited for that
purpose.
At the hack was a horse stable with stalls for six horses.
A u t o m a t i c rising doors were placed at the head of each horse,
so that, in t h e event of a fire alarm, a bolt could he drawn,
Cnarlottetown City Hall
a n d all the doors would raise at once; the horses w o u l d then
walk into the engine r o o m t o he harnessed to t h e fire wagons.
T h e first meeting of t h e Council t o o k place in its new h o m e o n Decemher 10, 1 8 8 8 .
T k e tower also had a belfry from which h u n g the fire hell. Before the arrival of the hell,
city residents relied on the Town Crier to s o u n d the fire alarm. T h e hell was called "Big
D o n a l d " (see sketch) after the fire chief of 1 8 7 5 . Over time it cracked, and was recast two
times. Finally, "Big Donald" was retired in 1 9 6 6 and rests for all to enjoy on the lawn of
City Hall. T h e main entrance on Kent Street next to the hell is used solely for ceremonial
visits; inside is a replica of the City's seal laid out o n the foyer floor in mosaic tile.
O n the exterior of the tower is a u n i q u e sundial
hy which time may he estimated hy using t h e lower
half of the dial (see sketch). In more recent years,
an ornate four-sided town clock was installed at the
corner of Kent and Q u e e n Streets next to park
henches where weary shoppers may rest for a time.
Topic:
Sundial
Search the internet for
information on sundials. They measure time by the
position of the Sun. They were also called shadow
clocks. How did they work? Can one be made?
,•„—••••..
.-.••..••.•.••.„
Discussion Starters - Excerpts As Reported In The Patriot 1888
Skating Party - Band at the Excelsior Rink to-night »+»>»> Southport Ferry • Whereas the accommodation on the Southport Ferry is
insufficient, and the fares greater than are required . . . Therefore Resolved (1) that ferry boats make three round trips each hour instead of two . . . (2)
I that the fares be: foot passengers, 2 cents; horses and horned cattle, 4 cents; single wagons, cart and sleigh, with or without a load, including driver, 7 cents; sheep on foot, 1
! cent each »»•»>•»*• EGGS • Wanted during the shipping season - 300,000 Dozen . . . Ritchie Bros. »>»>»>• Legislature • We hope the police will prevent the small boys from
| sitting on the fences and otherwise injuring the property on the square during the opening of the House »>»>»> Concert • Citizens are soon to have a rare treat in the shape of an
! Old Folk's Concert... The programme will consist of old time music, and the performers will dress in the costumes of a century ago.
-_y_2
P . E . I . M a p - Route 18 A t Little Sands
[Little Sands United Ckurck - Built In 1898 J
T h e Little S a n d s U n i t e d C h u r c h is a very special place for Loth
m e m b e r s of tne church a n d visitors. It is special for a n u m b e r of reasons:
(1) tne cnurcn was built by members m a n y years ago; (2) the design is
u n i q u e , like n o other; a n d (3) t h e church remains a n i m p o r t a n t part
of the c o m m u n i t y of Little S a n d s .
M a n y of t h e families i n the church can trace their backgrounds
to t h e i m m i g r a n t s w h o arrived from different parts of Scotland in t h e
early 1 8 0 0 s . A t first, they held church services in homes a n d later, they
held meetings in a half-finished 2 4 ' by 3 0 ' building in W o o d Islands.
In 1 8 9 6 , t h e congregation, u n d e r the direction of D. J. MacLean, began
to build the present c h u r c h . T h e first minister was Rev. E w e n Gillis
w h o gave sermons i n b o t h English a n d Scottish Gaelic.
After the b u i l d i n g committee was selected, church volunteers
went t o t h e woods a n d cut the required lumber. O t h e r members offered
m o n e y t o pay for some of the construction costs, while others worked
for free, with their h o u r s c o u n t i n g as part of the cost at the rate of
8 0 cents per day. T h e people took great interest i n the building a n d it
was assembled with great joy at a total cost of $ 2 2 0 0 . A t the official
o p e n i n g service there were so m a n y people in attendance t h a t some of
t h e m h a d t o stand outside by the open windows t o hear the proceedings.
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Little S a n d s U n i t e d C n u r c n
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(5imrdian
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT - Discussion Starters • Excerpts As Reported In The Guardian July 1898 *+»>+»+ Picnic About 200
people attended the Salvation Army picnic at West River Bridge yesterday. The tug William Batt made two trips »•»•>»+ MacKay's Clothing - Boys Suits a large
assortment selling at $ 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 ... Gent Collars at 8 cents each ... Straw Hats for men and boys. We can give you a good straw from 40 cents to $ 1.00 »+»+»*• School Closing
Exercises - At the closing exercises in West Kent School, the medalist was Mr. Bethune. He was closely followed by Miss Robertson ... A City Councillor, who declined to give his name, gave
Supervisor Stewart a gold watch, which was presented to Miss Robertson for having competed so closely »*•»*•»*• Holiday • Hotel Acadia, Grand Tracadie Beach - Fine Boating, Bathing, Fishing Terms $2.00 per day, $8.00 to $10.00 per week. Special rates to Families or the Season »*•»*•»*• City Council News •... Read a letter from J.B.P. with drawings attached with reference to a
new bridge at Brighton Road. Also a letter from T.D.E. re: burying dead animals »*•»+»+ Postal Delivery • A swift bicycler was employed in Toronto for special quick delivery ... So the world
moves ... Charlottetown has not yet even the ordinary carrier delivery, because, we are told, the people do not want itl
Little Sands U n i t e d C h u r c h is a small church with a variety
of features. T h e local huilders combined a n u m b e r of c o m m o n
architectural styles which caused the building to be very different
from other churches in t h e province. S o m e of the more interesting
characteristics are t h e pointed windows on the side and square
windows on the front, t h e multi-gabled front veranda with columns
a n d pedestals, and a circular "Double Trinity" window above the
front door. T h e exterior wall includes contrasting vertical and
horizontal clapboard siding.
O n e of the treasures preserved in the church
is t h e p u m p organ which continues to produce
beautiful music for all of the church services.
P u m p Organ
Original Pews
Parts of the interior of t h e church have been modernized,
however, t h e old pews (seats) built in 1 8 9 8 are still in use. I n
t h e illustration, the box pews with h y m n boohs stored o n t h e
backs of t h e seats are facing t h e front of the church. As well,
there are box
JOX pews
pews in
in the corner which were reserved for
m o u r n i n g family members d u r i n g fu nerals.
T h e i n s t r u m e n t is a reed organ which has t h i n
flexible strips of metal (brass) t h a t produce musical
notes when they vibrate. T h e wind energy to m a k e
t h e reeds vibrate is produced by t h e organist who
sends air t o the reeds by p u m p i n g t h e two pedals
attached t o bellows at the base of the organ. Just
above the keyboard are r o u n d "stops" which can be
p u s h e d in or out in order to change the type of
s o u n d coming from the organ. T h e stool swivels a n d
children love t o use it as mini merry-go-round.
Topic: The Map Of Scotland
A number of families in Little Sands came from the Isle of Skye in the Scottish Highlands
Find a Google Map - Find Scotland and zoom in on the Isle of Skye - Print the map. Change the normal map to a hybrid.
-11
Red Island Sandstone Buildings - Built In The 1800's
various
Locations
T o avoid the risk of fires in t h e 1800's, puhlic huildingfs were often made of stone. As well, in t h e m i d nineteenth century, a
small n u m h e r of farmhouses were huilt of red Island sandstone. D u e t o practical a n d economic reasons, most buildings since
t h a t t i m e have heen constructed of wood a n d hrick. S o m e of the original Island sandstone buildings are presented helow.
: ' ^ S i s J f e l S S L SANDSTONE FACT - Settlers from England,
: t'jfei^fisa*.'3litL Scotland and Ireland left homes that were often
| 'fSSESilELi built 0f sto ne.
i ^ © J ^ S t e J E L SANDSTONE FACT - Sandstones
j I'JGJÛL; K*l&'!!) Lli:
are found by digging under the
j 'SbltftSfelSiS
ground.
I
:
:
I ^ 0 ^ s j f e l & SANDSTONE FACT - Stone walls are often
iijfijwiîbsJiS^jkAi. three feet thick ( approximately 1 metre).
St. Paul's Catholic Church
M a c C a l l u m H o u s e - Brackiey B e a c h
I 'uiJ&J&LStiL
Sturgeon
SANDSTONE FACT - A skilled
: yfiSdSfc.l££. SANDSTONE FACT -
: "JB&Ui; KJaJiL'^liJi "worker w h o lays s t o n e s or cricks is
! 'LJLi^l2Si.ili'=£ called a m a s o n .
u
.«&iL;IS2Ll5L'i!)UAi Sandstones are easily quarried
: 'j!jUi^li222£Lil*si» with picks and wedges.
SANDSTONE FACTS
The stones were quarried at a very shallow depth and hauled to the
fi' i'i ^^^V* 1AV' ilding site on a rock sleigh drawn hy horses.
'ljG£)ilSSj£«i - Sandstone masonry construction in P. E. I. has proven to he very
efficient thermally; cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
n,.u,j'(1I,fa*TiStT^" "
11
DU
St. Martin's Catholic
Church - C u m b e r l a n d ^
................
All S o u l s ' C h a p e l
Charlotte town
__
nfitg|l^teG% SANDSTONE FACTS
SANDSTONE FACTS
•sSPMSLviS!" - S a n d s t o n e is used to
. ^ ( " ^ V t m n r - construct toundations,
culverts, bridges, fences,
-well linings, a n a as carved decorations o n
tne outside of brick buildings.
LlWi^ka&iL>e»!J« . Sandstone is quarried
almost entirely w i t h o u t
the use or explosives, trie lower stone is
said to be harder and more durable.
- Sandstone buildings were constructed
by owners w h o were well oil iinancially.
(see Montague sketch)
- Sandstone is resistant to weathering.
Ambrose Lane - Clyde River
**•*! * * * " ; ?*'
St. P a u l ' s Anglican C h u r c h - C h a r l o t t e t o w n
St. Mary's Catholic C h u r c h - Souris
I.li^
^bJSgSL
SANDSTONE FACT -
M fcfea flEM^Gtfj Tne stones were cut with
J j U ^ ^ S i . i i i ' - i precision and laid with great
skill and care; in tne 21"
century, the walls are still straight and true.
Ji.i
I-1
Jjl—.L'
i.L.L
M o n t a g u e P o s t Office . . . M u s e u m
: "ijS-JfelS.
SANDSTONE FACT -
• nJte^HKQkaGtt S a n d s t o n e is an excellent
j ' «LilS2JS£EliJ&=i material from which to make
grindstones for sharpening blades
• and cutting tools.
13
L M c N i c h o l - B e s t H o u s e - B u i l t I n 1 9 1 9 (Cardigan River Inn)
Cardigan
T h e Cardigan River I n n (McNichol - Best House) is a stately 18-room mansion at t h e end of a clay road overlooking the
C a r d i g a n River. T h e three-storey i n n is similar in appearance to houses built in E n g l a n d in the 1 7 ' century. T h e design of the
s t r u c t u r e included a roof with an u n u s u a l set of ten gables, narrow casement windows, multi-paned windows, massive chimneys,
a n d red Island sandstone facing on t h e first floor. T h e property also included a storage b a r n and a gazebo which provides a view
of t h e river and m a r i n a (see sketches opposite page).
T h e first owner was James P. McNichol who was a well k n o w n United
States S e n a t o r from Philadelphia. S e n a t o r McNichol, sometimes k n o w n as
'Strawberry J i m ' or ' S u n n y Jim , was a genial Irish Catholic who headed a
large construction firm which operated in t h e n o r t h e r n half of the city of
Philadelphia. F r o m newspaper reports, there is evidence t h a t he was a very
active m e m b e r of his c o m m u n i t y a n d somewhat controversial with regard to
dealings with the government of the time. T h e McNichol H o u s e was finished
in 1 9 1 9 as a s u m m e r residence for t h e millionaire owner.
It was an unlikely circumstance, six years earlier, t h a t set the stage for
t h e construction of such a u n i q u e a n d h a n d s o m e building. In 1 9 1 3 ,
St. D u n s t a n ' s Cathedral in C h a r l o t t e t o w n , which had been solidly built of
stone, was destroyed by fire. T h e catholic c o m m u n i t y immediately began
McNichol - Best H
^
McNicnol - Best House - View From Trie West
iew from
t o plan a new and equally impressive church building. T o meet the required
high standards, the congregation employed architect John H u n t e r . H e had
received his architectural training in Scotland and had apprenticed in
Montreal. In addition to designing St. D u n s t a n ' s , he subsequently planned
t h e Charlottetown Hospital a n d St. Mary's Catholic C h u r c h in Souris. W i t h
such projects as evidence, Mr. McNichol commissioned Mr. H u n t e r to prepare
t h e plans for the McNichol H o u s e which was u n m a t c h e d anywhere o n the
Island. A t the time, the Senator was married to the former Margaret
D o n a h u e of Cardigan. Unfortunately, Senator McNichol died just prior to
the completion of his magnificent s u m m e r home. T h e residence stayed in the
family for a n u m b e r of years.
In 1 9 7 3 , McNichol H o u s e was purchased hy Dr. Charles Best a famous
C a n a d i a n in the field of medical research. Dr. Best was one half of t h e B a n t i n g
& Best t e a m who discovered insulin which was used to successfully treat diahetes.
Dr. Frederick B a n t i n g , a professor at the University of T o r o n t o , had a hold idea
ahout how t o treat diahetes and he needed a university student to act as his
assistant. Best w o n a coin toss with one of his classmates to see who would work
with B a n t i n g d u r i n g t h e summer.
Eventually their discovery became so well received t h r o u g h o u t the world
t h a t B a n t i n g , along with fellow scientist J.J.R. MacLeod, was awarded the Nohel
Peace Prize in Medicine. T h e h o n o u r included a large cash reward. B a n t i n g
was so incensed t h a t Best had not heen included in the presentation of the prize
t h a t he gave half of his share to Best, a n d the other half to the B a n t i n g Medical
Research F o u n d a t i o n .
A few years later, after Dr. B a n t i n g ' s death as a result of an airplane crash
in 1 9 4 1 , Dr. Best replaced his colleague as director of the D e p a r t m e n t of Medical Research at the University of T o r o n t o . T h e
discovery of insulin created an international sensation. T h r o u g h o u t Best's life people would approach him and t h a n k h i m for his
work against diahetes. In one case someone anonymously paid his hotel hill with a check signed "Gratefully, a diahetic".
T h e u n i q u e n e s s of the McNichol - Best H o u s e has heen faithfully maintained hy T i m and Alice Canty, current owners of
t h e Cardigan River I n n .
Topic: Diabetes
Search the encyclopedia for diabetes. If diabetes is
left untreated, what other medical problems can arise?
ttfje (Examiner
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT - Discussion
Starters As Reported In The Examiner 1919 • »>»••»•• Watch - Your
Boy will like an Ingersoll Radiolite Watch for Xmas ... the kind that shows the time in the dark
»>»^»+ Budget - Charlottetown City Council good showing ... surplus of $220 on operation last
year »+«•••»+• Fine Teacher - one of the presents he received from his students at Christmas
was a box containing an expensive brush and comb set »+»*•»*• Health Advertisement - When
a woman's face grows haggard and pale... at the close of every meal with a sip or two of water,
take two chocolate-coated Ferrozone Tablets »*•»*»• Railway Notice - Soldiers in uniform,
unless patients or convalescents, who desire to travel must pay full railway fare in future
"
>v.lf*.tV.
«Vf
MM
McNichol Storage Barn
15
(Main Building - U.P.E.L - Built In 1854 )
University Avenue - Charlottetown
W h e n the M a i n B u i l d i n g at t h e University of Prince E d w a r d Island opened its doors for the first time in 1 8 5 5 , it was t h e
only b u i l d i n g on t h e c a m p u s of St. D u n s t a n ' s College. A l t h o u g h construction began in 1 8 4 4 , the wooden building was not
completed until t e n years later. By 1 8 6 2 , t h e outer walls were dismantled and replaced with brick manufactured in Tignish a n d
delivered t o C h a r l o t t e t o w n by boat.
T h e building was a local p o i n t o n the campus of St. D u n s t a n ' s
College/University lor over 100 years and, in the 2 1 s ' century, it continues
to be a p r o m i n e n t structure at the University of Prince Edward Island.
F a t h e r A n g u s MacDonald was t h e first rector (head of the college)
and Dugald Mclsaac, from Souris, was the first student. In the initial
year, 18 students were registered. By 2 0 0 7 approximately 4 , 0 0 0 students
were enrolled at U . P . E . I .
T h e original building housed a residence, classrooms, dining room,
chapel, library a n d labs. In the late 1 8 0 0 s , a wing was constructed that
included a chapel with reversible pews (seats) that could be flipped over to
face a stage at t h e bach of the r o o m . A r o u n d 1900, additions consisted of
tire escapes, steam heating, sewage system, electric lighting, and city
waterworks.
In 1 9 0 3 , a group of Sisters
that h a d been exiled from France
Main Building - 1 8 8 0 s
took charge of t h e domestic work
of t h e College a n d a three-story
a n n e x was constructed t o h o u s e t h e "College Sisters ". Later, the annex was renovated t o
a c c o m m o d a t e the D e p a r t m e n t of E n g l i s h . F o r a short time in 1 9 4 0 , d u r i n g W o r l d W a r II,
t h e little used fourth floor hallway in t h e M a i n B u i l d i n g was used as a rifle range.
Topic: University Of Prince Edward Island Search for "UPEI Charlottetown" - Search "Welcome to UPEI" - Search
"Visual Tour of UPEI" - Search "Visual Tour of the Individual Buildings"
In 1 9 1 7 , the Board of the College decided to expand
by adding a separate residential building to the campus.
T h e structure was n a m e d tor Sir Charles Dalton, a wealthy
fox rancher from Tignish, whose generous donations provided
the funds to build it. Dalton Hall, a magnificent building,
displaced a grove of white birch that h a d graced t h e eastern
end of t h e campus grounds. Built of Island brick, t h e
four-story structure included bay windows, fancy cement
work, and circular sculptures of saints (see below). T h e final
cost was $ 5 9 , 6 3 9 .
Over the years, there have
been stories t h a t Dalton Hall has
its own ghost. It has been reported
t h a t the ghost is t h e spirit of a
student w h o died of exposure
r e t u r n i n g t o the College after
curfew in January 1 9 3 1 . Dalton
Hall remained a residence until
1 9 7 2 , w h e n it was renovated for
offices a n d classrooms.
tyt ^Wanner
Dalton Hall
Wall Sculpture
T h r o u g h o u t the history of St. D u n s t a n ' s / U P E I , the
campus features a central quadrangle of red brick buildings
which includes Main Building a n d Dalton Hall. This area
of the grounds is enhanced by magnificent hardwood
trees. During s u m m e r sessions at the university, classes
will occasionally be held at an outdoor location, on park
benches, in the beautiful, historic quadrangle.
Discussion Starters - Excerpts As Reported In The Islander 1854 •+•*•»* Notice •
The Tenants and Settlers in arrears for Rent... in Lot No. 23 are requested to pay the same
forthwith »*•»*•»*• Loafers • A Printing Office is like a school. It can have no interlopers,
hangers-on, twaddlers, without serious inconvenience »*»*»*- Contract Wanted • Tenders will
be received by the Keeper of the Lunatic Asylum... for the erection of four cells in the Asylum
»*••»*•»*• Submarine Cable - Mr.
has proceeded to . . . test the submarine cable... the
line will be opened for business early next week »*»*«•<- PROCLAMATION FOR A GENERAL
FAST • Lieut. Governor (has ordered) a day of Public FASTING and HUMILIATION . . . on the
occasion o f . . . a Declaration of War (between England and Russia)
Outdoor Classroom (Main in background)
17
Charlottetown - 1 4 Weymouth Street
Charlottetown Railway Station - Built In 1907
Elmira Railway Station - Built In 1912
Elmira - Kings County - Route l 6 A
I n t h e late 1800's, political leaders i n t h e province were convinced that, in addition t o the network of roads, a railway
s h o u l d h e c o n s t r u c t e d o n t h e Island. W i t h t h e goal of improving the transportation of goods and people, workers began t o build
t h e P r i n c e E d w a r d I s l a n d Railway in 1 8 7 1 . Eventually, 2 3 7 K m (147 miles) of tracks were laid a n d 6 5 stations constructed at
strategic locations along t h e railway line.
T w o of t h e railway stations were located i n C h a r l o t t e t o w n a n d Elmira; they were very different in size a n d style. O n e was
large a n d c o n s t r u c t e d of r e d s a n d s t o n e a n d freestone which suited the needs of a capital city; t h e other was smaller a n d made of
w o o d shingles o n t h e walls a n d roof which suited a rural setting. T h e E l m i r a station was built s u r r o u n d e d by country scenery,
t h e C h a r l o t t e t o w n station was located in a bog t h a t required a p o n d t o be filled before t h e building could be constructed.
Charlottetown Railway Station
Elmira Railway Station
A n o t h e r s a n d s t o n e b u i l d i n g connected t o t h e m a i n railway station in Charlottetown was t h e Brass H o u s e o n W a t e r Street
(See s k e t c h next page). B u i l t i n 1 8 7 6 (the date stone with its sculptured ropes is easily seen o n the east side of t h e building), t h e
small r e d s a n d s t o n e b u i l d i n g was t h e office of t h e railway's mechanical b r a n c h . Later the quaint structure became k n o w n as t h e
Brass H o u s e . Q u e s t i o n s r e m a i n w h e t h e r t h e n a m e "brass" referred t o t h e brass metal stored o n the premises or referred t o t h e
"bosses" of t h e day; o r b o t h !
Brass House - C h a r l o t t e t o w n
S t a t i o n Master's Office - Elmira
Elmira Station, wkich cost $ 3 6 0 0 , was the end of the line for those travelling east. T h e site included, a freight shed, a
coal shed, h u n h h o u s e a n d shacks for t h e conductors and engineers. Inside the station there were two waiting rooms; one for t h e
women and one for t h e m e n which was primarily used for playing cards.
A n o t h e r separate room was the office of the station master. In the office, near the window, was an electric telegraph
machine which was used to send messages, called telegrams, from one station to another. T h e station master did not use the
spoken word or printed letters; he/she used a special code called the Morse Code. T h e coded message was sent hy tapping "dots
(short taps)" and "dashes (long taps)" t o another station. F o r instance "dot dash" represented the letter "A"; "dash dot dash"
represented the letter "K". In emergencies, the letters S O S were sent in the form ". . . _ _ • • •
Many communities m a d e requests to have a station in their h o m e area, this caused the railway route to have some of the
most winding road heds in t h e world. O n average, there was a station every four Kilometres. T h e construction costs were so high
that, when Prince E d w a r d Island joined Canada, the federal government assumed the responsibility of paying for the railway.
T h e railway closed in 1 9 8 9 and t h e road heds were converted to an Island Trails system (Rails to Trails).
WM (Buarrfian
Discussion Starters - Excerpts As Reported In The Guardian1907 •+»*•»+ Stuck - Two winter steamers are
lying helpless in packed ice in the strait... passengers are detained for a week ... parents of a sick loved one, since dead ... unable to attend last
rites »*•»*•»*• Races • The second races of the season will take place off Churchill Landing on Saturday. The ice has been cleaned and is in good
condition ... Horsemen are keen ... »*•—•»*• Annual Convention - The second annual convention of the Old Maids' Matrimonial Club was an
unqualified success ... Rounds of applause greeted each performer... Evidently the old maids made a good impression on the bachelors, and some
of them will probably soon end their spinster days. »*•»*•»+• Shot • Son shot father claiming that the father was insane when he made his will
and cut (the family) off with only $500 out of a $100,000 estate •*••*•»*• ice Boat • mail clerk on (the stranded) S.S. Stanley sent a telegram
that the letters (on board) should be taken to the Island shore by the iceboat
Topic: Morse Code
Search the encyclopaedia for the
Chart of Morse Code Letters.
Prepare a sentence in Morse Code.
19
( T h e H i g k l a n d s - B u i l t I n 1 8 9 3 (Century Home & Pavilion)
Georgetown
T h e H i g h l a n d s , a riverside retreat overlooking the Brudenell River, is located on 1 1 . 5 acres or heautiful property just
west or t h e historic c o m m u n i t y or Georgetown. Alter driving t h r o u g h the gated entrance a n d along the quarter mile (.4 Km)
driveway, guests come u p o n a three-storey century old huilding which, at one time, was a secluded s u m m e r home. Built in
1 8 9 3 , the huilding's design includes a corner turret with a t e n t root, a large front porch, a n d alternating horizontal claphoard
siding a n d iish-scale shingles. E x a m i n e T h e Highlands Gallery on the opposite page.
Trie Innovative Owners
T h e l o u r iamilies who owned T h e Highlands were extraordinary in that all oi them were distinguished leaders in their
c o m m u n i t i e s , a n d each had t h e tendency to take risks hy p u r s u i n g a n d implementing new ideas.
(1) " ^ D o n a l d Alexander M a c K i n n o n - Lieutenant-Governor - B o r n in Uigg . . . attended Uigg G r a m m a r School and started
teaching at the age ol 14 . . . hecame a lawyer, politician, author, and t h e Q u e e n ' s Representative i r o m 1 9 0 4 to 1 9 1 0 . . . very
involved in t r a n s p o r t a t i o n policies including the construction ol the lirst railway and trallic hridge across the Hillshorough River
(2) IS? George M a c K i n n o n - Creative Hotel Manager - In t h e 1 9 3 0 s , changed the summer h o m e into a hotel . . . added a
Pavilion (dance hall) which offered s u m m e r t i m e dances . . . included a private railway station and goll course . . . huilt 12 motel
u n i t s which, quite likely, were some ol the lirst on the Island
(3) B3* Rev. Dr. John S u t h e r l a n d Bonnell - F a m o u s Presbyterian Minister - B o r n on the Island . . . w o u n d e d twice during World
W a r I . . . a preacher tor 2 6 years at the F i r t h Avenue Preshyterian C h u r c h in New York City . . . he reached three million
listeners with weekly radio talks . . . introduced 'dial-a-prayer' telephone messages . . . a pioneer in pastoral counselling
(4) 1S° Sally and Wallace 'Wally' R o d d - Inventive E n t r e p r e n e u r s - O w n e d a family farm . . . added several cottages next to the
farm h o u s e . . . increasing n u m h e r or guests r e t u r n e d each year . . . expanded their business hy huilding T h e Motel
C h a r l o t t e t o w n in West Royalty . . . purchased T h e Highlands as a s u m m e r h o m e in 1 9 7 1 • • • rounders ol Rodd Hotels &
Resorts . . . m e m b e r s of the P . E . I . Business Hall of F a m e . . . their legacy lives on t h r o u g h other family memhers
Topic: Georgetown
In 1765, Georgetown was named the Capital of King's County because of its excellent harbour. Due to a boom in
shipbuilding and import/export trading, its population grew from 37 in1832 to1,250 in1871. Search the internet for
'
Georgetown, P.E.I, and discover its current population and the type of industries that are in the area.
THE HIGHLANDS GALLERY
L
» *•
1/ -\»
O n e of t h e first motel buildings on P r i n c e E d w a r d Island
A
ô*
VThe H i g h l a n d s Century H o m e - A R e t r e a t W i t h N i n e B e d r o o m s
Weekly dances with a live orchestra
V S o m e guests would arrive hy train
! PATEIOT
T w o Balconies overlook a d a n c e floor, b a d m i n t o n
court, snooker table, powder r o o m , a n d kitchen
Fireplace a n d chimney built of ballast rock
L (used in ships to keep t h e m from tipping)
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT • Discussion Starters • Excerpts As Reported In The Patriot 1893 »>»»»» Notice - Remember the usual bicycle race
this evening starting at Queen Square at 7:15 »+»»-»+- Police Court • One drunk fined $1 or 4 days » ^ » + » ^ Dominion Day • Twenty years of Confederation... splendid
\ racing at Summerside... tea at Fort Augustus B+T**-**- Montague School Examination - Superintendent did not give any catch questions to confuse the minds of the pupils
21
Island Inns - Built Between I 8 6 0 and 1 9 0 3
J A MajorPart of island Tourism
D u r i n g t h e late 1800's t h e Island's economy was thriving and this lead to a hoom in t h e construction of huildings. In
a d d i t i o n t o farm h u i l d i n g s , railway stations, government huildings a n d churches, houses o i various types were springing u p
t h r o u g h o u t t h e Island. I n c l u d e d a m o n g t h e m were large h o m e s , grand in appearance a n d stately in style. T h e majority of these
private h o m e s were so solidly huilt t h a t they were still standing a n d in use at t h e t u r n of t h e 2 1 s ' century (the year 2 0 0 0 ) .
As years passed a n d m o r e visitors c a m e to the Island for a holiday, m a n y of the magnificent homes were converted into
t o u r i s t a c c o m m o d a t i o n s designated as i n n s , hotels, or hed & hreakfasts. F o r visitors to t h e Island, the owners furnished the
r o o m s w i t h a n t i q u e furniture so t h a t the s u r r o u n d i n g s were similar to t h e 1800's. In some cases, each room was given a special
n a m e connected t o a historic person from t h e past. T h e six houses featured in this u n i t are samples of many of the fine inns on
P r i n c e E d w a r d Island. Search t h e internet for hoth the inns o n these pages a n d others t h a t are located in various parts of the
province. A t the wehsites, view t h e architecture a n d decorations; and, read t h e historical information ahout each location.
L*#«&S
Shaw's H o t e l - 1 8 6 0
I N I 8 6 0 - The original inn was built on Neil Shaw's pioneer farm
F A C T - T h e hotel is still owned by members of the Shaw family
I N 2 0 0 0 - Main lodge has 17 rooms ana suites
W E B S I T E - Compare the old. ana new pictures of the hotel . . .
What is the meaning of "a sunset stroll along the heach
is food for the soul".
Fitzrov Hall - 1872
I N 1 8 7 2 - H o m e was owned hy Alex and Georginna Brown
F A C T - Workers shingling the roof fell to the ground hut were unhurt
I N 2 0 0 0 - 8 spacious rooms . . . flower garden
W E B S I T E - View the parlours and furniture . . . N o t e that the rooms
have special names.
e&iy
Charlotte's Rose I n n - 1 8 8 4
I N 1 8 8 4 - T h e i n n ' s design was similar to commercial buildings
F A C T - Built by Mary Jane Moore d u r i n g a t i m e w h e n w o m e n
were n o t allowed, by law, t o own property
I N 2 0 0 0 - 4 second floor guest rooms a n d a loft suite
W E B S I T E - View the picture gallery, especially t h e d i n i n g r o o m .
Elmwood Inn - 1889
I N 1 8 8 9 - H o m e of A r t h u r Peters w h o later b e c a m e P E I P r e m i e r
F A C T - Designed by William Critchlow H a r r i s , f a m o u s architect
I N 2 0 0 0 - 3 suites a n d 4 r o o m s
W E B S I T E - View the various rooms, especially t h e P r e m i e r ' s S u i t e .
D u n d e e Arms I n n - 1 9 0 3
I N 1 9 0 3 - H o m e of t h e Carvell family w h o were in the produce business
F A C T - As an experiment, the f o u n d a t i o n -was made of ashes mixed with
cement instead of being m a d e of stone
I N 2 0 0 0 - 2 2 rooms a n d an English P u b
W E B S I T E - Describe the Carvell R o o m ... Select a breakfast from t h e m e n u .
Hillhurst I n n - 1 8 9 ?
I N 1 8 9 7 - I n n owned by Charles Longworth, successful a n d wealthy business m a n
F A C T - I n later years, official residence of t h r e e U P E I presidents
I N 2 0 0 0 - 9 guest r o o m s with special n a m e s
W E B S I T E - View t h e majestic front hall built of beautiful wood.
23
15 Crown Drive
I R a v e n w o o d - B u i l t In T h e 1 8 2 0 ' s (Part Of Tke Experimental Farm) J
Off Mt Edward Road
Charlotte town
T h e F a r m — T h e goal or T h e Experimental F a r m (Charlottetown Research Station), which began in 1 9 1 0 , is to develop new
ideas in agriculture l o r farmers in Prince E d w a r d Island a n d Atlantic Canada. At the research centre, experimental crops are
p l a n t e d in t h e fields a n d greenhouses. O n e of the purposes is to ensure that the research projects support the environment and
n a t u r a l resources in the region. I n addition t o the fields, greenhouses, a n d storage huildings the farm property contains a
n u m h e r of interesting features, some of which were introduced many years ago hy the original land owners.
Ravenwood — In the centre of the property is a majestic huil ding
called Ravenwood. At some point hetween 1 8 2 0 and 1 8 2 8 ,
William Johnston, who died in 1 8 2 8 , ordered the construction of
Ravenwood H o u s e . T h e foundation walls were huilt of Island red
sandstone. All floor joists, rafters, a n d laths (thin narrow strips
of wood) were h a n d hewn. Lochs a n d other necessary hardware
were h r o u g h t from E n g l a n d . In later years, hay windows were
added at the front, and a .belvedere was erected on the roof.
W h e n t h e Island entered Confederation in 1 8 7 3 , the H o n o u r a b l e
James C. Pope, Premier of Prince E d w a r d Island, lived at
Ravenwood, where he had a h o p garden to supply his private
brewery, a n d a crichet pitch (field).
avenwooc
S e r v a n t s ' Q u a r t e r s - In t h e early 1800's, servants employed hy the original owner lived in t h e basement,
w h e r e all cooking for the family a n d servants took place . Also situated in the basement was a darkened
c h a m b e r called "the d u n g e o n ", t o which, it is said, u n r u l y servants were sent.
Bricks A n d P o n d s - In t h e 1880's deposits of clay were found on the property. Large pits were dug so
t h a t t h e C h a r l o t t e t o w n Brick a n d Pottery W o r k s C o m p a n y would have clay to m a n u f a c t u r e bricks for
c o n s t r u c t i o n projects on t h e Island. T h r e e of t h e clay pits were eventually filled with water t o form ponds
which were located o n a ridge r u n n i n g t h r o u g h the farm. S o m e t i m e later, two of the ponds were filled in
b u t o n e , w h i c h continues t o exist, was m a d e m o r e attractive by i m p o r t i n g and planting water lilies in
baskets, weighted w i t h stones, a n d placed in t h e b o t t o m of t h e pond. A t the beginning of t h e 21*
C e n t u r y , t h e flowers in t h e p o n d c o n t i n u e d t o bloom each s u m m e r .
Dungeon Door?
T h e Forests — In front of Ravenwood is a grove of trees called "The Royal F o r e s t ' . A n u m b e r of
trees, each with its own identification marker, have been planted by members of the Royal
Family. Near the back of the farm is another group of small trees a n d a picnic-barbeque site.
This area is called "The Premiers' W o o d " since six of the Premiers of Prince E d w a r d have
planted trees at this location.
20'' Century Greenhouse
Internet Investigation Topic: Greenhouse Search the encyclopedia for a
L
Machinery Storage B u i l d i n g
$ . €. 3 . &etorber
description of Greenhouses. For what purpose are greenhouses used?
Discussion Starters • Excerpts As Reported In The P.E.I. Recorder 1826
Ships Lost - It is
with regret that we have to announce the total loss of three ships on the shores of this Island . . . "Stocton" - all hands saved, "Pelzoni" • all hands saved, "Margarei" • fourteen persons were
picked up drowned *»+•»+•»+ Returned Mail • Mr. Smith who left this harbour in an open boat for Pictou returned on Tuesday last with the Halifax Mail, after a perilous attempt to recross the
Mo Paper • In consequence of the ill health of the printer of this paper, it did not appear last week
>v Gulf, the boat having sprung a leak, he was obliged to put back ;
T h e F a r m e r s ' Market — O n the n o r t h side of the property is t h e F a r m e r s ' Market which, in recent years, has become a centre for
the sale of farm produce and goods; as well, it is a gathering place for citizens t o meet and greet friends.
T h e Friends Of T h e F a r m — In the 21*' century, m a n y residents of the Island h o p e t h a t T h e Experimental F a r m will eventually
become a public park. A group of citizens called t h e Friends Of T h e F a r m , which was formed in 1 9 9 5 , have a t t e m p t e d to
persuade government to preserve the farm as a green space open to the public.
25
T h e D o u c e t H o u s e - B u i l t I n 1 7 6 8 (Restored 1999)
F a r m e r s 7 B a n k Of Rustico - Built I n 1 8 6 3
P . E . I . Map - S o u t h Rustico
Route 2 4 3
T h e Doucet H o u s e is t h e oldest h o u s e in t h e Rustico area and., quite likely, the oldest dwelling on Prince Edward Island.
T h e h u i l d i n g is an example of early Acadian construction. T h e Acadian settlements on lie Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island)
began as early as 1 7 2 0 . Scientific study or t h e original wood frame has determined t h a t the Doucet H o u s e was huilt in 1 7 6 8 .
I n 1 9 9 9 , t h e house was moved from G r a n d - P e r e P o i n t (Cymhria) and restored hy the Friends of t h e F a r m e r s ' B a n k .
T h e h o u s e served as a h o m e and as a focal point for the
religious life of the c o m m u n i t y . T h e first occupant, Jean Doucet,
h a d been appointed hy the Bishop of Q u e h e c to perform various
religious ceremonies due to the shortage of priests in the late 1 8 '
Century. I n addition to the local services, mass was held in the
house hy F a t h e r James MacDonald, a travelling missionary.
T h e design of the house is highlighted hy the central stone
chimney, gahled roof of wooden shakes, a n d dovetailed log
construction. T h e yard, which is s u r r o u n d e d hy a rough log fence,
includes a garden a n d an oven where t h e owners haked hread.
T h e Acadians were hasically fishermen and farmers with t h e
m o s t i m p o r t a n t crops heing wheat a n d peas. These were the m a i n
ingredients for t h e hread and soup which m a d e u p the hasic diet of
t h e settlers. Livestock included horses, oxen, cattle, pigs a n d sheep.
Doucet House - South Rustico
T h e garden contained a wide variety of vegetahles such as potatoes,
cahhages a n d c u c u m h e r s . T h e Acadians u s e d m a n y wild plants to m a k e h o m e remedies t h a t were u s e d to treat the sick a n d
injured. T h e garden often c o n t a i n e d flowers such as hyssop (yellow ray flower) which was a remedy for coughs, and elecampane
(food seasoning) w h i c h was considered magical hecause, it was helieved, t h a t elves lived in t h e plants a n d t h a t destroying t h e m
w o u l d h r i n g h a d luck.
Internet Investigation Topic: Elves (Elf)
Search the encyclopedia for a picture of elves,
enlarge and print the picture.
atjje «xamtntr
Discussion Starters As Reported In
The Examiner 1863 »*»*•»* Pic Nic • Under the auspices of the City Volunteer Artillery the picnic will take place at the
Warren Farm... The Steamer HEATHER BELLE will leave Reddin's Wharf at 9 o'clock »*»*«•> Blew Hotel - The Mansion House
.. is located near the Steamboat Landing, Bank and Reading Room •*••*•»*• Fire • On Friday, during the heavy blow, the barn
i Mr.
were destroyed by fire... grandson, aged 5 years, lighted a match, and dropped it among the straw outside the barns
T h e F a r m e r s ' B a n k of Rustico was based o n the
missionary vision or Reverend Georges-Antoine Belcourt,
parish priest of Rustico from 1 8 5 9 t o 1 8 6 9 - His goal
was to help the Acadians living in Rustico become
self-sufficient by starting their own local bank. First
h e organized the "Catholic I n s t i t u t e " with over 2 5 0
m e m b e r s . T h r o u g h study clubs they discussed ideas
concerning the establishment of a b a n k in their tiny
c o m m u n i t y . W i t h i n three years, t h e parishioners h a d
succeeded in p u t t i n g aside an initial investment of
approximately $ 4 0 0 0 (roughly $ 1 0 per family). At the
t i m e money was scarce and business was usually conducted
by exchanging merchandise a n d services (bartering).
T h e F a r m e r s ' B a n k was the smallest chartered b a n k
South Rustico
in C a n a d a . It served t h e c o m m u n i t y for thirty years, from
1 8 6 4 to 1 8 9 4 . T h e first directors of t h e b a n k were local
farmers a n d fishermen. T h e bank, which minted its own money, provided cheap credit and small loans (usually in the $ 3 5 - $ 4 0
range). T h i s allowed m e m b e r s to purchase lands, m a k e i m p r o v e m e n t s , and gain economic independence. T h e bank's design
includes walls constructed of red island sandstone a n d a square vault projecting from the west wall.
"**:»•<..
O t h e r stories associated with F a t h e r Belcourt included the following:
^ T h e F a r m e r s ' B a n k was a model for credit u n i o n s organized in Q u e b e c .
( >
^ H e donated bells for St. Angustine's C h u r c h which are still in use.
( >
^ T h e Rustico C o n v e n t was r e n a m e d Belcourt C e n t r e (see sketch) in his
m e m o r y . It began as a Catholic girl's boarding school in 1 8 8 2 ; in 1 9 2 0 ,
boys were allowed to a t t e n d the Convent.
^> In 1 8 6 6 , F a t h e r Belcourt purchased a steam powered automobile from
the U n i t e d States. It was delivered by ship t o Charlottetown and hauled to
Rustico by a t e a m of horses. H e d e m o n s t r a t e d the machine on the
occasion ot t h e parish picnic on J u n e 2 4 , 1 8 6 6 . Unfortunately, the
automobile w e n t out of control, r a n oft t h e road, went t h r o u g h a fence,
a n d rolled over, t h u s creating w h a t some have called t h e 'first traffic
accident in C a n a d a ' . T h a t ended his steam automobile experiment.
< >
Belcourt Centre
27
BeaCOnSrield - PEI Heritage Foundation - B u i l t I n 1 8 7 7
Location: 2 Kent Street
Charlotte town
For visitors interested in history, Beaconsfield is a treasure trove of magnificent scenery, outstanding architecture, decorative
rooms, antique furniture, and real life stories that are both personal and touching. The stately house is located at the entry to
Victoria Parh overlooking the Charlottetown Harhour, and adjacent to historic Fanningbank, the official residence of the
Lieutenant Governor.
Xr^^^^^s^
••—^-^---q^r ^ i ^ 3 H
I ^^^^^^*"^
*°~~h-dt
When James and Edith Peahe moved into their new home
m
* n e r a " O I 1877, they were looking forward to a hright and
happy future. Mr. Peake was a shiphuilder, merchant, and one
of Charlottetown's leading husinessmen. The family were
members of Charlottetown's elite. Both James and Edith were
from prominent Island families and Beaconsfield was one of the
most elegant homes in the city. In a brief period of five years they
enjoyed a privileged lifestyle which involved social gatherings,
including the challenge of entertaining royalty. Evidence of their
status and style can still be
seen in the elaborate coloured
glass window located in the
stairwell. The window pane
features the initials "JP"•
Regrettably, life for the
Peakes family was filled not
only with triumphs but also
Beaconsfield
with tragedies. Their lives
took a sudden and tragic turn of events when, in November of 1880, two of their children
died of diphtheria within ten days of one another. Just two years later the Peakes were
forced to declare bankruptcy, losing their home and all of their furnishings due to a severe
decline in the shipbuilding business.
Topic: YWCA
Search www.ywcacanada.ca
The YWCA is a unique organization; examine
its goals and objectives.
Elaborate Coloured Glass Window
H e n r y Jones Cundall, a l a n d agent and surveyor, held t h e mortgage on the property. Eventually he claimed the home,
valued at $ 5 0 , 0 0 0 , a n d hecame t h e second owner. H e , along with his sisters Penelope a n d Millicent, moved into Beaconsfield in
1 8 8 3 . H e n r y , Penelope, and Millicent never married and lived out their lives in the h o m e . Henry outlived his sisters a n d passed
away in 1 9 1 6 . Mr. Cundall, w h o was a philanthropist, ultimately willed the h o m e as a residence lor young w o m e n w h o came
from the country t o work or study in Charlottetown. Later t h e h o m e was used as a YWCA, and it eventually housed a nurses'
residence for t h e Prince E d w a r d Island Hospital.
W h e n visiting Beaconsfield, guests can travel hack in t i m e a n d view aspects or a h o m e that remains as grand a n d heautiful
as it was in t h e 1800's. F r o m the west lawn can he seen t h e verandah framed with some u n u s u a l gingerhread, a n d a m a n s a r d
roof, which is topped hy a helvedere (lookout). Inside the h o m e are decorative plaster work, intricate ceiling mouldings, a cistern
in the h a s e m e n t which collected u n d e r g r o u n d water for use in t h e upstairs nathing r o o m ' , and antique furniture such as a wicker
wheelchair a n d Penelope Cundall's desk.
In 1 9 7 3 , Q u e e n Elizaheth II o p e n e d Beaconsfield as t h e headquarters for the P E I Heritage F o u n d a t i o n .
PATRIOT
Discussion Starters • Excerpts As Reported In The Patriot 1877 *>»*»> School
'—Books - The Cheapest School Books in the Island are to be had at the School Book Depot! Harvie's Bookstore »*-®>n+ Entertainment • Amusements are rife just
j now, a boating party on Tuesday... driving party on Wednesday ... Halifax Cadets on Wed
Excursion to St. Peter's Island today ... Railway picnic on Wed. next... and the
i display of fireworks, socials, teas and Bazaars, etc.»•»>»+ Barber • another Barber has started business here, raising the rates of shaving and haircutting »*•»*•»> Boarders
j Wanted - 3 or 4 permanent Boarders can be comfortably accommodated in a quiet and healthy part of the city... Males preferred
-29f ^
\
Locations
(Two Popular Arckitectural Designs - Built In The Late 1800's
j
^ f °ut ^
M a n y or t h e historic h o m e s on Prince E d w a r d Island involve designs hased on architectural plans copied from England,
Scotland, a n d t h e U n i t e d States. In some cases the hasic plans have heen improved hy adding decorative features or extensions
to t h e m a i n huilding. In addition to t h e large expensive structures huilt hy wealthy owners, there are many smaller, m o r e
m o d e r a t e , h o m e s o n t h e Island t h a t have also stood the test of time.
T w o of t h e less costly h o m e s i n t r o d u c e d hy i m m i g r a n t s in the late 1800's are: (1) t h e storey-and-a-half house with a
central e n t r a n c e , two windows o n t h e front of the huilding, a n d a variety of dormer styles; a n d (2) t h e "L," or "ell" shaped two
storey h o m e , often a farmhouse, with a storey-and-a-half wing added at a later date. (See sketches)
(2) T h e P a y n t e r H o m e s t e a d
Topic: Historic Places
Search for the Canadian Register
of Historic Places partner, explore the extensive site.
With a
Wt)t (Examiner
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT • Discussion Starters As Reported In The
Examiner 1850 • »*•»*•»*• Exchange • Harness of all superior workmanship and finish will be
exchanged for Potatoes and Oats »*•»*-»+ Moved - Locksmith and Bell Hanger begs to inform the public that he has removed
to the shop ... opposite the Colonial Building «H-»+S«- Circular From England - In the future each colony must support its own
military ... or authorities will withdraw the protective force "^""^Payment Notice • All persons indebted to the Subscriber
are hereby notified that he will take in payment Cows in Calf, if delivered on or before the 20th
Illustrated below are architectural t e r m s tliat are used to describe specific elements of historic buildings on Prince E d w a r d Island.
E x a m i n e the sketches on this page a n d try to locate similar elements in your community.
Gable With Brackets
[top or the end of the house, support under eaves]
[roof with two pitches]
Mansard Roof
[sloping roof, appears flat on top]
i XJXLU—l 1 i L L - U - J J !
'• L U - j - L - U - U - i — ' - L - A - L j . ;
Palladian Window
' [arch and side windows]
Bay Window
window that sticks out]
[small lookout tower on roof]
Gingerbread
[decorative trim]
Transom & Sidelights
[windows on top and sides]
31
Locations: 5 8 to 6 8
T h e P a v i l i o n - Part Of Tke Great George (Inns) - B u i l t I n 1 8 4 6
Great George Street
Charlottetown
W h e n , in tke 2 1 s t century, visitors t o Charlottetown stand on t k e steps of St. D u n s t a n ' s Basilica a n d look across tke street,
tkey see a block of five kistoric buildings. A l t h o u g h tke five structures are attacked to o n e another, they leave the impression
t k a t tkey are separate k o m e s w i t h different identities. In fact, tkey are all part of one kotel called T k e Great George; and, each
section kas its own n a m e . T k e exterior of eack structure kas been faitkfully renovated to appear as it was in the 1800's. T h e hotel
is located o n a famous street called Great George Street wkicb runs from tbe k a r b o u r to Province H o u s e .
F r o m September 1 to 9, 1 8 6 4 was a very special t i m e
on Great George Street and for Prince Edward Island.
During t k a t time, a small group of political leaders were
meeting to discuss wketker Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
Prince E d w a r d Island, Q u e b e c and O n t a r i o should join
togetker to form t k e nation of Canada. [By 1 8 4 0 , Q u e b e c
formerly called Lower C a n a d a and O n t a r i o formerly
called U p p e r C a n a d a bad u n i t e d to form the Province
of Canada.]
T b e delegates from Nova Scotia found lodgings in
T b e Pavilion. T b e delegates from Quebec and O n t a r i o ,
wbo b a d travelled to tbe meetings by tbe steamship S S
Victoria, faced two problems. There were no workers o n
tbe wharf to help t h e m travel from tbe steamship to tbe
wharf and, because many local people were staying
overnight to a t t e n d t h e circus, there were no rooms left
:
:
The Pavilion
in the hotels. William H e n r y Pope, one of tbe Island
Wellington t Carroll
t
Witter-Coombs Perkins
delegates came to their rescue and rowed out to the ship,
greeted t h e guests, a n d rowed t h e m to the wharf. W i t h
n o h o t e l r o o m s available, t b e Q u e b e c a n d O n t a r i o delegates bad to r e t u r n to t h e S S Victoria in order to have a place to sleep.
D u r i n g t h e conference m a n y social activities were p l a n n e d including b a n q u e t s a n d a fancy ball (a dance). It is very likely that t h e
visitors strolled G r e a t George Street a n d c h a t t e d with the owners of some of t h e buildings (see sketches on next page).
T h e C h a r l o t t e t o w n Conference was followed by other meetings which, in 1 8 6 7 , lead to the formation of C a n a d a as a
c o u n t r y . T h e delegates became k n o w n as t b e F a t h e r s of Confederation, and C h a r l o t t e t o w n became k n o w n as the Birthplace of
C a n a d a a n d t b e Cradle of Confederation.
Tke Wellington
Addresses #68
Witter-Coombs House
#66
Carroll House
#64
Perkins House
#62
The Pavilion
#58
Great George St.
T k e delegates to tke C k a r l o t t e t o w n Conference a n d t k e Islanders a t t e n d i n g t k e circus in S e p t e m k e r 1 8 6 4 would, quite
likely, k a v e w a l k e d u p a n d d o w n G r e a t G e o r g e f r o m t k e w k a r f t o P r o v i n c e H o u s e . T k e i l l u s t r a t i o n s a k o v e s k o w t k e d i f f e r e n t
styles of c o n s t r u c t i o n t k a t t k e y w o u l d k a v e o k s e r v e d i n o n e p a r t i c u l a r k l o c k . B e l o w a r e k i s t o r i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n s of e a c k l o c a t i o n .
T H E P A V I L I O N - T k i s building was first called L o n d o n H o u s e as it was a very faskionable store. Some of tke i t e m s for sale in t h e
business were parasols, skawls, lace veils, silk, writing desks, eartkenware, and groceries. Many of tbe items were i m p o r t e d from
E n g l a n d by tke m e r c k a n t . I n 1 8 5 7 , tke building was converted to tke Pavilion Hotel. Over tke years it operated u n d e r a n u m b e r
of different n a m e s including T k e City Hotel, T k e Davies H o t e l , a n d T k e Regent Hotel. I n 1 9 9 6 , it was r e n a m e d T k e Pavilion.
P E R K I N S H O U S E - P e r k i n s , a s k o e m a k e r , was tke first owner. O v e r t k e years it k a s been a private residence a n d a boarding b o u s e .
C A R R O L L H O U S E - T k e first occupant J o k n Carroll, a tavern keeper, o p e n e d an oyster parlour called L'Etoile du N o r d at tkis location.
W I T T E R - C O O M B S H O U S E - Ellen J a n e W i t t e r m a r r i e d Alexander C o o m b s and together tkey built tkis k o m e . A t one time,
M r s . C o o m b s advertised b a n d - m a d e candles for sale at ber borne, wbicb was opposite St. D u n s t a n s C b a p e l .
T H E W E L L I N G T O N - Tkis location, formerly tke Wellington H o t e l , was tke centre of social life in C k a r l o t t e t o w n in t k e 1 8 2 0 - 1 8 5 0
period. D u r i n g tke 1 8 6 4 C k a r l o t t e t o w n Conference, t k e W e l l i n g t o n served as a tavern for tke visiting dignitaries. T k e actual
m e e t i n g s to discuss tke f o r m a t i o n of C a n a d a were keld in Province H o u s e . However, one r u m o u r , p e r k a p s a n exaggeration, kas it
t k a t t k e final decision t o form a c o u n t r y called C a n a d a was actually m a d e in t k e Wellington.
Topic: John A. MacDonald
One of the Ontario delegates at
the Charlottetown Conference
was John A. MacDonald •
Search for his name • Why is he so famous?
^|f^)slaiter
Discussion Starters - Excerpts As Reported In The Islander 1846 *"-•**«"• Carriage To Be Sold
Cheap - A four wheel carriage, cost 42 pounds, will be sold for half that price, for prompt payment »+»+»••Schooner Providence • Mr.
intends running, once a week during the summer, the fast sailing schooner
PROVIDENCE between Charlottetown and Miramichi, terms moderate »•*»+»+ Private Tuition - Mr.
receives
a class of young ladies, for general instruction, 5 days a week, from half-past 2 to 5 p.m. . arrangements extend to
j the reception of a few pupils, as boarders, in his house
-33-
P r o v i n c e H o u s e (Part One - Confederation CkamLer) - B u i l t I n 1 8 4 7
R i c h m o n d Street
C h a r l o t t e town
H i s t o r i a n s report t h a t t h e idea or r o r m i n g t h e country or C a n a d a
was introduced in C h a r l o t t e t o w n in 1 8 6 4 a n d t h a t t h e meetings were
h e l d in Province H o u s e on R i c h m o n d Street. C a n a d a was orricially
established in 1 8 6 7 h u t P r i n c e E d w a r d Island did n o t join C a n a d a
u n t i l 1 8 7 3 some six years later.
S t u d e n t s oi history in t h e 2 1 s t
century wonder w h a t h a p p e n e d at the C h a r l o t t e t o w n C o n i e r e n c e a n d
why did it take so l o n g l o r t h e Island t o join C a n a d a .
[Editor's N o t e : T o clarity these m a t t e r s , a s t u d e n t reporter in the
year 2 0 0 0 imagined travelling hack in t i m e to interview Mr. W . H .
P o p e who was one or t h e representatives rrom P r i n c e E d w a r d Island.
Following is an excerpt r r o m t h a t iantasy interview including rour
Gallery Exhihits circa 1864.]
Gallery E x h i b i t # 1 - C o n f e d e r a t i o n C h a m b e r
( F o r m e r Legislative C o u n c i l C h a m b e r )
Student Reporter: Mr. Pope I understand that, in September 1864, you participated
in the Charlottetown Conference which is where the idea of forming the country of
Canada was born.
Mr. Pope: Yes, I was there! Delegates from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island were, at that time, meeting to talk about forming a Maritime Union.
Politicians from Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) heard about our
meetings and asked if they could join the discussions.
Student Reporter: Did the delegates from Ontario and Quebec want to join a Maritime Union?
Mr. Pope: They hoped that by coming to our meetings they could convince all of the five
colonies to join a larger union to be called the Dominion of Canada.
Student Reporter: Did the meetings take place in one of the large rooms in Province House?
Mr. Pope: Yes, the meetings were held in the Legislative Council Chamber early in September.
As well, there were banquets in other locations at which time the delegates exchanged ideas.
Student Reporter: At the other end of Province House is a room, identical in size, called the Legislative
Assembly. Did you meet there as well?
Mr. Pope: No, but on one evening, they moved the furniture out of the assembly room and we
had a grand ball; there were flags, flowers, and two bands; the room was lit by gas lights.
Student Reporter: In preparing for this interview, I tried to find the minutes of the meetings.
Mr. Pope: Although the Charlottetown Conference turned out to be a very important part of
Canadian history, no official records were kept of the meetings. However, some delegates
eventually wrote letters about the event and scholars often refer to them.
Student Reporter: Did the delegates decide to form a new country?
Mr. Pope: No, not right away. But there was enough interest in the idea
that the delegates agreed to meet again in Quebec City in October. After
The Quebec Conference, four provinces agreed to join together.
Student Reporter: What reasons were presented in favour of the union?
Mr. Pope: The delegates believed that by forming one country we would
have a better economy, a stronger military and we would be less
dependent on Britain.
Student Reporter: Why didn't Prince Edward Island join at that time?
Mr. Pope: There were many Island citizens who were worried that we
would lose our independence and that our economy would suffer.
Student Reporter: When did the other provinces reach an agreement?
Mr. Pope: On July 1, 1867, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec and
Ontario formed the Dominion of Canada; the official document was
called the British North America Act.
Student Reporter: Why did the Island citizens change their minds and join
Canada in 1873?
Mr. Pope: Three of the main reasons were - (1) The citizens were
concerned that the United States might take over the province,
(2) Canada agreed to provide money so that Island citizens could buy
land still owned by landlords living in Britain, and (3) Canada agreed
to pay for the new railway being built on the Island. It had become too
expensive for such a small province to finance on its own.
Student Reporter: Do you have time for a few more questions?
Mr. Pope: Absolutely, the Charlottetown Conference turned out to be a very important
Canadian event. I have been told that Charlottetown is still referred to as the Cradle
of Confederation or Canada's Birthplace. I'm told that many people still visit the
Confederation Chamber in Province House and that my old seat is still at the table.
Student Reporter: Do you remember the day that the picture of the Fathers of Confederation
was taken on the front steps of Government House?
Mr. Pope: It was a wonderful sunny day. When I look at that picture, I always notice
my friend A. A. MacDonald from the Island, he is the one tipping his hat.
Student Reporter: Why were there no women or first nations people in the picture?
Mr. Pope: In those days, politicians were usually well off, well connected and male.
First Nations People were not in that situation and women were, by law, not allowed
to be politicians.
Student Reporter: By the way, shortly after you passed away, in 1918, women received the
right to vote. And, in the 21 s t Century, Canada is made up of the ten provinces and three
territories. As well, First Nations People have become important members of the political
process and women have become major leaders in the democratic system.
Mr. Pope: To this old Father of Confederation, I find all of that to be good news!
Gallery Exhibit # 3 - Reading Area
Legislative Library
Gallery E x h i b i t # 4 - Caretaker's F r o n t D o o r
B a s e m e n t Dwelling
35-
QP r o v i n c e H o u s e
(Part Two - Legislative Assembly) - Built In 1847
J
Richmond Street
Cnarlottetown
As w i t h all c o m m u n i t i e s , laws need to be adopted so t h a t citizens will Know what type of activity is appropriate and legal.
O n P r i n c e E d w a r d Island, laws are debated a n d decided by politicians who are elected by the citizens.
Before 1 8 4 7 , t h e elected politicians held meetings in private homes and taverns. By the m i d 1800's t h e Island's economy
was p r o s p e r o u s a n d t h e need for a p e r m a n e n t location for their meetings was evident. T h e government decided to build a grand
s t r u c t u r e which w o u l d include a meeting r o o m for the politicians called T h e Legislative Assembly (Chamber).
T h e cornerstone was laid in 1 8 4 3 ; it was a n exciting event which included speeches, a b a n d a n d a parade. T h e new
s t r u c t u r e , originally called 'Colonial B u i l d i n g ' , was constructed by Isaac S m i t h who h a d been responsible for designing most of
t h e I s l a n d ' s existing public buildings. A l t h o u g h t h e stone u s e d in construction came from Nova Scotia, all of the trades people
were from t h e Island. Many skills were involved in the construction including stone-masonry, brick-laying, carpentry,
plastering, slating, p a i n t i n g , a n d sheet metal working. T h e building which later became k n o w n as Province H o u s e was
c o m p l e t e d in 1 8 4 7 . It is still used in t h e 2 1 s t century as a place where the Legislative Assembly meets, and laws are made.
• J 5 J <
Miscellaneous historical notes:
In t h e entrance, the stone floor is
well worn, apparently caused by
farmers' hob-nail boots (short large
headed nails on t h e b o t t o m of the
boots) . . . five-door mousetraps were
in use, mice were attracted to straw
used as insulation u n d e r carpets
. . . spittoons were used by members
who chewed tobacco . . . coal b u r n i n g
stoves a n d coal gas lamps were used
for heat a n d light . . . a spool of red
ribbon was used t o tie bundles of
d o c u m e n t s , hence, t h e term 'red tape'
. . . on m a r k e t day, cows r o a m e d freely
in front of Province House, a n d in
1 8 8 0 they ate all of t h e y o u n g trees
planted o n the first A r b o u r Day.
**•»"""
Province House
Second Flnnr Plan - P r o v i n c e h
Restored
President of
Council Chamber
Opposition
Speake
F A C T S - F r o m T h e Files Of T h e Clerk Of T h e Assemhl
PROVINCE H O U S E FILES |
F A C T # 1 - T h e Legislative C h a m b e r is -where the elected politicians m e e t to m a k e laws.
F A C T # 2 - T h e r e is a total or 2 7 m e m h e r s in t h e Legislative Assembly.
F A C T # 3 - T h e elected politicians belong t o t e a m s called parties.
F A C T # 4 - T h e party with the greatest n u m b e r of m e m b e r s is called t h e G o v e r n m e n t .
F A C T # 5 - T h e 2"' largest party of elected m e m b e r s is called tbe Official O p p o s i t i o n .
^ C l e r k ' s C h a i r — Speaker's C h a i r -- M e m b e r s ' Desksy
PROVINCE
FACT # 6 FACT # 7 FACT # 8 FACT # 9 F A C T # 10
H O U S E FILES
U n d e r the canopy sits t h e S p e a k e r , w h o ensures that t h e rules of the Assembly are followed.
T h e Clerk sits in front of the S p e a k e r a n d gives advice regarding procedures, keeps officials records, a n d produces d o c u m e n t s .
T h e G o v e r n m e n t M e m b e r s are lead by the P r e m i e r a n d they sit to the left of the Speaker.
T h e O p p o s i t i o n sits to t h e right of t h e S p e a k e r a n d they m o n i t o r a n d c o m m e n t o n all of t h e G o v e r n m e n t ' s plans.
- T h e security of the Assembly is t h e responsibility of t h e Sergeant-at-Arms who, at times, carries a mace which is a symbol of authority.
PROVINCE H O U S E FILES
F A C T # 1 1 - T h e O r d e r s of the Day lists t h e m a t t e r s available for consideration d u r i n g the daily meeting.
F A C T # 1 2 - T h e laws pertain to m a n y topics such as Agriculture, C u l t u r a l Affairs, E d u c a t i o n , Fisheries, H e a l t h , T o u r i s m a n d Social Services.
F A C T # 1 3 - T h e J o u r n a l is the official daily record of t h e proceedings; H a n s a r d is the daily transcript of t h e m e e t i n g s .
F A C T # 1 4 - N e w laws or revised laws are p r e s e n t e d in t h e Assembly to t h e m e m b e r s who t h e n vote to pass or defeat t h e m .
F A C T # 1 5 - O n e of the most i m p o r t a n t i t e m s of business each year is t h e a n n u a l budget, which is the G o v e r n m e n t ' s financial plan tor the year.
37
MacDonald Farm - Built In 1 9 0 0
Located O n T h e Kinross Road
P.E.I. M a p - Route 2 1 0
A Story Of A Family F a r m A n d O u t m i g r a t i o n F r o m Prince Edward Island
O n t h e Kinross Road s t a n d s a n attractive h o m e s t e a d huilt in 1 9 0 0 hy Mary a n d Murdock MacDonald. T h e farm
p r o p e r t y , located hetween Orwell C o r n e r a n d the M u r r a y H a r h o u r Road, includes an "ell" shaped house, a large harn, and other
o u t h u i l d i n g s . As with other Scottish families in the area, t h e farm was a mixed farming operation. In the early 1900's Mary's
p a r e n t s , David a n d Mary Ross, r a n a general store and post office just down the road, o n the corner of routes 2 4 and 2 1 0 .
T h e MacDonalds were messed with seven children: Mary, Clara, Grace,
Ruhy, Donald, David, a n d Dorothy. G r o w i n g u p o n t h e farm provided
t h e m with m a n y experiences such as, completing daily chores, taking care
of favourite animals, a t t e n d i n g church activities, socializing at B r u s h
Wharf, taking journeys into Charlottetown hy train, a t t e n d i n g school at
Orwell Corner, a n d h u d d l i n g a r o u n d the e n o r m o u s stove in the kitchen
(referred to hy family m e m h e r s as the Cadillac). O n e fond memory
involves Judy, t h e family horse, opening a n d closing a w r o u g h t iron gate
so that, at her leisure, she could enjoy apples from a nearhy tree. T h e
a m o u n t of cash income was n o t the measure of success with t h e
M a c D o n a l d s . Instead, their lives were enriched hy close family ties
a n d hy t h e security t h a t comes with a stahle h o m e lite. W i t h regard t o
providing the family with hasic needs, their goal a n d m o t t o was very
The MacDonald Homestead
simple: "Never H u n g r y , Never Cold!".
As t h e children reached a d u l t h o o d , they were con fronted
w i t h a m a j o r choice of either r e m a i n i n g in t h e c o m m u n i t y or
leaving h o m e . In t h e early 1 9 0 0 ' s , m a n y y o u n g Islanders
decided t o leave t h e province a n d search for e m p l o y m e n t in
o t h e r N o r t h A m e r i c a n c o m m u n i t i e s . I n t h o s e years, the
c o m m o n cry was "go t o the B o s t o n S t a t e s " to find work a n d
financial security. Regarding t h e M a c D o n a l d children, t h e
hoys stayed h o m e t o work o n t h e f a r m a n d t h e girls left t h e
h o m e s t e a d t o seek e m p l o y m e n t elsewhere. D u r i n g these years
this s a m e scenario t o o k place i n m a n y Island f a r m families.
The MacDonald Main Barn
Donald, tke eldest son, a n d David, wko was seriously injured during W o r l d W a r II, formed a successful farming
partnership witk their father. After their dad passed away in his early sixties, the h r o t h e r s continued to r u n a mixed farming
operation a n d cared for their m o t h e r , w h o lived t o he ninety-seven years old.
T h e first four girls moved to t h e " B o s t o n States" (Massachusetts), worked in the
service industry, married, a n d raised families. Migrating t o the U n i t e d States was
considered to he a safe adventure since m a n y relatives h a d paved the way a n d h a d
established friendly and secure communities in the Boston area. Mary eventually
returned to the Island and lived within ten miles of the old he
lome.
Dorothy, t h e youngest child, decided t o r e m a i n
a C a n a d i a n citizen a n d moved to Montreal. S h e
was constantly encouraged hy her m o t h e r to hecome
a 'professional p e r s o n ' which, for females, usually
meant to receive t r a i n i n g as a teacher or n u r s e .
After receiving a s o u n d education at Orwell School,
Uigg G r a m m a r School, a n d Prince of Wales College,
Dorothy hegan h e r career as a n a n n y in M o n t r e a l .
She radically changed her career path hy hecoming
T h e Cadillac - A F i n J l a y Stove - 1 9 0 0 J
employed in the airplane production industry. She
hroke the gender harrier hy accepting the role of
quality control inspector stationed at t h e end of t h e airplane assemhly line. This type of responsihility was usually reserved for
m e n . Later she further advanced h e r status hy flying with test pilots on new airplanes in order to check whether t h e radios were
w o r k i n g properly. Dorotky m e t a n d m a r r i e d Roy Sorette a n d k a d a family of four ckildren wko continue t o return to tke Kinross
farm eack year.
As was tke case witk t k e M a c D o n a l d girls, escaping from t k e Island t o find a good life elsewkere was an exciting
proposition for y o u n g people. Unfortunately, t k e o u t m i g r a t i o n t r e n d also k a d a negative result in t k a t it drained tke province of
some 01 its most promising citizens.
®he guardian
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT Discussion Starters-Excerpts
As Reported In The Guardian 1900 »>*»+-»+ Cannon - Loudest cannon greeting Her
Majesty's representative at Mutch Point broke windows in vicinity «•»**»*- Orwell Cove - Cheese factory open
people are now brushing up their milk cans to start business again »+»+»+ Morris & Jost - Have placed a first class
soda fountain in their store on Queen Street »*»•*»> Football Match - About 200 people accompanied the Abeqweit
j team to New Glasgow, N.S. )»>»>»> Easter Eggs • Father ate 18 eggs on Sunday... he is doing as well as possible
Topic: Findlay Stove
Google "Findlays Limited"
and discover a picture of the
old stove plant. Where was it located?
-39-
Meacham's Atlas - (A Book Of Maps) - Printed In 1880
Detailed Maps Of Prince Edward Island
Including Illustrations (Drawings)
In 1 7 6 5 , C a p t a i n S a m u e l H o l l a n d was engaged to m a k e detailed maps or the Island. T o complete t h e assignment, his
surveyors travelled hy canoe in the s u m m e r a n d hy dog sled in the winter. Amazingly, t h e work was completed within one year.
T h e m a p s were organized as follows: first - he divided the Island into three counties (Prince, Q u e e n s and Kings); second - he
suh-divided the t h r e e counties into 6 7 Lots; a n d t h i r d - he n a m e d three towns (Princetown, Charlottetown, Georgetown).
I n 1 8 8 0 , Mr. C. R. Allen prepared a hook of maps u n d e r the official n a m e "Illustrated Historical Atlas Of T h e Province
Of Prince E d w a r d Island". This impressive hook which has a cover t h a t measures (38 c m x 4 4 cm) was p r i n t e d hy a husiness
called J. H . M e a c h a m & C o . (company). T h e atlas was reprinted in 1 9 7 3 a n d has hecome k n o w n as "Meacham's Atlas". T h e
p u r p o s e of this u n i t is to encourage the reader to examine t h e atlas a n d to explore the Island as it appeared in 1 8 8 0 .
M e a c h a m ' s Atlas is organized in a fashion similar t o t h e guidelines provided hy C a p t a i n Holland. T h e atlas includes
City, T o w n a n d Village Maps, 6 7 Lot Maps, a n d 1 6 0 drawings of homes, husinesses a n d farms. In addition to the m a p s and
illustrations, Mr. Allen included a detailed 'Historical Sketch of the Province' a n d a list of people, called p a t r o n s , who
financially s u p p o r t e d t h e p r o d u c t i o n of t h e atlas.
S o m e of t h e illustrations from the 1 8 8 0 atlas are reproduced o n these pages along with more recent sketches of the same
locations as they appeared in t h e year 2 0 0 0 .
Fairholm - 1 8 8 0 - Fitzroy Street - Charlottetown
Fairholm - 2 0 0 0
Six basic T A S K S are listed to guide readers w h o
plan to explore Meacnam's Atlas. Using a magnifying
glass is very helpful when studying the atlas.
Union B a n k - 1 8 8 0 - C h a r l o t t e t o w n
T A S K # 1 - Explore the m a i n m a p o n pages 2 3 & 2 4
F i n d the c o u n t y lines . . . the Lot n u m h e r s . . . study the symbols
T A S K # 2 - Explore the Tahle of C o n t e n t s on page 1 . . . n o t e the
different sections . . . study how t h e atlas is organized
T A S K # 3 - Explore the m a i n m a p on pages 2 3 & 2 4 . . . find
lighthouses . . . follow the railway tracks and find stations
T A S K # 4 - Explore C h a r l o t t e t o w n on pages 1 3 9 & 1 4 0 . . .
E x a m i n e street names, d e t e r m i n e whether they are still in use . .
find a c h u r c h , school, wharf, jail, green spaces (squares) . . .
d e t e r m i n e -whether the squares still exist
Union Bank - 2 0 0 0
B e l m o n t F a r m 1 8 8 0 - E ast Royalty
/
V
Belmont Building - 1973
T A S K # 5 - Explore a "Lot" hy selecting a Lot N u m h e r t h a t includes
roads familiar to you . . . find t h e nearest school a n d church . . .
e x a m i n e t h e n a m e s of t h e 1 8 8 0 l a n d owners in t h e Lot
T A S K # 6 - Explore three illustrations:
(a) on page 2 5 . . . d e t e r m i n e which two h u i l d i n g s were eventually
replaced hy t h e C o n f e d e r a t i o n C e n t r e ,
(h) on page 1 2 9 (Elliott F a r m ) . . . list the different types of e c o n o m i c
activity depicted in t h e picture,
(c) o n page 8 6 (Clyde Mills) . . . d e t e r m i n e t h e type of activity t h a t
t o o k place in each of the huildings listed at t h e h o t t o m of t h e page
St. A u g u s t i n e ' s C h u r c h 1 8 8 0
^ t . A u g u s t i n e ' s - 2 0 0 0 - S o u t h Rustico,
41
Sir Andrew Macphail Homestead - Built In 1856
P . E . I . M a p - 2 6 9 Macphail Park R o a d
Between Orwell a n d Uigg
T h e m a i n section oi t h e Macphail H o m e s t e a d was huilt hy J o h n Fletcher in 1 8 5 6 . T o this day, t h e road to the property is
a r e d clay road. I n 1 8 6 4 , William Macphail, w h o was the schoolmaster at the Uigg School, b o u g h t the h o m e for his family of
t e n children, one or w h o m was Andrew Macphail.
A n d r e w Macphail loved t o learn and he was an
excellent student. H e attended Uigg School, Prince
of Wales College in Charlottetown, and McGill
University in Montreal. Andrew had many interests
a n d talents; he was writer of hooks, a doctor, a
professor, a n d a soldier. O n e of his hooks "The
Master's Wife" included a splendid account of life
o n Prince E d w a r d Island in the 1800's. A t age 5 0 ,
he enlisted as a medical officer a n d served in
W o r l d W a r 1.
M a c p h a i l H o m e s t e a d - View F r o m t h e F r o n t
A l t h o u g h Sir A n d r e w Macphail was world famous a n d h a d heen
k n i g h t e d hy King George in 1 9 1 8 , he often f o u n d t i m e to r e t u r n to Macphail
H o m e s t e a d where h e experimented with new f a r m i n g m e t h o d s and crops.
H e was also very interested in the e n v i r o n m e n t . H e studied how land and forests
s h o u l d he m a i n t a i n e d for future generations.
T h e original h o m e s t e a d was e x p a n d e d with a n u m b e r of additions
i n c l u d i n g a sun porch with wooden/glass windows t h a t were lowered hy
pulleys t o t h e b a s e m e n t in t h e s u m m e r . R e n o v a t i o n s at t h e hack involved
a t w o storey dining hall a n d a study, each storey contained a large fireplace.
T h e two pictures of t h e interior show the upstairs fireplace in the study and
A n d r e w Macphail's writing desk which offered a wonderful view of t h e gardens a n d
g r o u n d s . T h e walls a n d ceiling of t h e study were m a d e of beautiful pine paneling.
Fireplace I n T h e Study
W h e n exploring t h e Sir A n d r e w
Macphail H o m e s t e a d , visitors will
discover t h e w o n d e r s of t h e M a c p h a i l
W o o d s Ecological Forestry Project.
The
forest c o n t a i n s n u m e r o u s types of trees
a n d p l a n t s t h a t -were native t o t h e I s l a n d
m a n y years ago.
T h e project hegan in 1 9 9 1 w i t h a
wildlife g a r d e n a n d a native p l a n t
nursery. T h e p r o p e r t y is a n a t u r a l
m u s e u m t h a t is h i g h l i g h t e d hy trails,
forest r e s t o r a t i o n , erosion c o n t r o l ,
s h r u h s a n d wild flowers. W o r k s h o p s a n d
w a l k i n g t o u r s are p a r t of t h e p r o g r a m .
fr
-%»..- .t
r i'JW«
*"
Macphail H o m e s t e a d - View from T h e E a s t
fltfje (Examiner
Discussion Starters • Excerpts As Reported In The Examiner 1856 »>»+»*•
Servant Man Wanted - An unmarried man, of industrious habits, who can do farm work, and otherwise
make himself generally useful when required, may obtain a situation by making early application at the office of this
paper »*•»*•»*• Wharf Accident • The body of the captain... was found on Wednesday morning last, at the head of
Pownal Wharf, in a standing position. It is supposed that the deceased fell between the wharf and the vessel
»+•'»*»+ Charlottetown Regatta - The preparations on the part of the lovers of this manly exercise were general
and greater than on any former occasion. Large numbers thronged the margin of the river »+»•-»* Unclaimed
Property • An anchor landed from the barque "Sir Alexander", in 1854, is still in the subscriber's possession,
unclaimed. The owner can have the same by proving property and paying expenses *+**»>• Well Accident - Sarah
was attempting to descend a well to recover a hoop from a bucket. About half way down, the wall of the well closed
in covering her about eleven feet. In a very short time about 200 persons were assembled and after working five
{ hours, they succeeded in rescuing her very much bruised, but no bones broken, and is now rapidly recovering.
A n d r e w M a c p h a i l ' s W r i t i n g Desk
Topic: Macphail Woods
—- Find macphailwoods
- - Find Schoolground Naturalization
••-- Search for the following information:
What is the main planting activity that is recommended to improve school yards? What are native plants? List other conservation projects.
43-
(East Point Ligntnouse - Built In 1867
Located At The Eastern Tip Of P.E.I. - Route 16
^,..^V**,
..--
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Tides
Clash
Northumberland
Strait
-U."
itr.
J&fe
Lighthouse
Keeper's Dwelling
East Point Lighthouse Property
Foghorn Building
1900
E a s t P o i n t is appropriately n a m e d since it is the easternmost point oi l a n d o n Prince Edward Island. It is an ideal
location for a l i g h t h o u s e . T h e light a n d foghorn w a r n deep-sea traffic and fishing hoats to keep away from t h e strong tides a n d
rocky shore. T h e lighthouse, o n e or t h e husiest navigation aids in t h e province, has heen in existence since 1 8 6 7 , the year
C a n a d a was h o r n .
T h e tides from t h e Gulf of St. Lawrence a n d the N o r t h u m h e r l a n d Strait meet, crash, and swirl off t h e East P o i n t coast.
A d d i n g to t h e d a n g e r are reefs h i d d e n u n d e r t h e rapidly r o t a t i n g waves. T h e E a s t Point Lighthouse and t h e foghorn o n the
property have saved m a n y ships from wrecking o n t h e rocks, a n d sinking to a watery grave.
Following are a few historical snapshots of memorable events at East Point:
1738 - The French settlement at Pointe de I'Est was destroyed by fire.
1765 - The tip of the Island was named East Point by Surveyor-General Samuel Holland.
News Flash - 1832 - The Santo Domingo was wrecked with Irish immigrants on board, many survivors settled in Elmira.
News Flash - 1851 - The Yankee Gale occurred in October, there were 83 wrecks and over 160 fishermen lost on the North Shore.
1867 - The East Point Lighthouse was constructed and put into operation.
News Flash - 1882 - The British warship Phoenix wrecked on East Point reef, crew was saved but the vessel was lost.
1885 - A steam driven foghorn was installed, it could be heard 16 miles away.
News Flash - 1902 - The schooner Mary F. Pyke came ashore in dense fog. Local residents salvaged some of the cargo of potatoes.
1940/45 - The lighthouse was put into wartime operation as an aid to local flying schools.
News Flash - 1950 - The Arthena M. sank after colliding with the schooner B. T. U. Captain and one son were lost. One son saved.
News Flash - 1962 - The C. A. Roland collided with an American minesweeper off East Point and sank.
Facts A b o u t T h e E a s t P o i n t Lighthouse a n d F o g h o r n
T k e height of the lighthouse is 19-5 metres (64 feet). T h e outside of t h e building is
octagonal in shape with eight sides a n d eight angles. It is solidly huilt of wood which was
very plentiful in the m i d 1800's. Skilled carpenters, normally employed in t h e thriving
shiphuilding industry, huilt a structure which has lasted since 1 8 6 7 . Inside the huilding
•**&%
are stairs with 6 8 steps
t h a t spiral u p to the t o p
or the white tower where
t h e beacon is located. H a r r y
H a r r i s , the last keeper or the
E a s t Point light, has stated,
"I used to take my shoes off
w h e n I went u p the stairs of the lighthouse. I dreaded a rainy
day because of the red m u d that would track in". T h e light
keeper kept the floors a n d walls shining, a n d he polished t h e
brass every week until it gleamed.
Mr. Harris cared t o r tke premises for nearly 5 0 years.
H e kept t k e keacon b u r n i n g brightly a n d the foghorn engines
always ready to go. H e noted t h a t the foghorn was t h e loudest
h o r n in t h e coast guard and the beacon was the brightest in
all of C a n a d a . Mr. Harris, p r o u d of his work as t k e keeper
7V. T-TV.
.•BHft:
of t k e East P o i n t Ligktkouse, kegan kis career in 1 9 4 0 ,
a n a retired in 1989clear day, a visitor can see Cape Breton
O n e t h i r d of the way u p t h e stairs
F o r m a n y years, t h e light sat on a bed of toxic mercury
T h e original
T h e lighthouse, s t a n d i n g upright, has been moved a n u m b e r of times
M
E a s t P o i n t L i^ n tn o u s e - 2 0 0 0
Lighthouse notes: F r o m the t o p , o n a
is a door leading to a n observation platform
foghorn was steam-powered by large boilers
i
j
!
|
PATRIOT
Discussion Starters • Excerpts From The
'"•
Patriot 1867 •*•»+•+ Flour - A schooner with 427 barrels of flour, arrived on Monday, and being unable to sell her
cargo, left on Tuesday ;
Science Subjects - The young ladies of the Charlottetown Academy will have the privilege of attending
weekly science lectures, afterwards they will be examined by the lecturer!
Charlottetown Ferry - many travellers who visit
come by ferry ... at low tide, the boat often runs aground ... quite common to see a boat load of people left there for an hour » • » • • •
12 Ways Of Committing Suicide • 1. Wearing of thin shoes and cotton stockings on damp nights ... 3. Sleeping on feather beds in small
rooms without ventilation ... 6. Marrying in haste to an uncongenial companion »*•»*»*• Ad - Beautiful Bonnets and Hats at Youngs
Topic: Foghorn
Search the internet for
Foghorn.
How is the sound produced?
-45
Location - Near Victoria P a r k
Charlottetown
[ G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e - B u i l t 1 8 3 4 (Fanningbank) J
Significant Events In History Leading To The Construction Of Government House
I n 1 7 6 3 - At the end of the hostilities between France and England, the British took
In 1 7 6 4 Captain Holland was appointed by the British Government to survey territories in
possession of He St. Jean. Sadly, by this time, many French settlers had been deported.
North America. The first location selected was St. John's Island (The Island).
I n 1 7 7 0 - Captain Walter Patterson was appointed the First
I n 1 7 8 9 - Property was set aside by Governor
I n 1 8 3 4 - The official residence of the Governor,
Governor representing the Monarchy in the Island colony. The
Fanning for the residence of the future Governors. The
overlooking Charlottetown Harbour, was designed by Isaac
Governor's residence was on Water Street.
100 acres included land for a farm.
Smith and built by Henry & Isaac Smith and Nathan Wright.
In 1873 - T h e British Colony of St.
Form's Island was r e n a m e d Prince
E d w a r d Island in 1 7 9 8 , a n d it
became a C a n a d i a n Province in
1 8 7 3 . At t h a t t i m e the title of t h e
G o v e r n o r changed to LieutenantGovernor, a n d F a n n i n g b a n k was
retained as tbe official residence.
Of the 4 0 Island residents wbo
bave been a p p o i n t e d as tbe
representative of the Monarchy, two
bave been w o m e n : T b e H o n .
M a r i o n Reid a n d T h e H o n . Barbara
H a g e r m a n . Below: T b e Personal
S t a n d a r d of the LieutenantG o v e r n o r of P r i n c e E d w a r d Island.
H
Government House - At Fanningbank
*•*#%*.
T h e Residence Of T h e L i e u t e n a n t - G o v e r n o r
State Dining Room
Queen's Room
T h e Role A n d Responsibilities Of T h e Lieutenant-Governor
In each province of C a n a d a , t h e Lieutenant-Governor directly
represents the Monarch (The Q u e e n or King). As H e a d of State,
she or he formally appoints the provincial Premier a n d Cahinet.
T h e actual selection of Cahinet memhers is made hy the Premier.
T h e Lieutenant-Governor has n u m e r o u s other duties such as
the following, she or he:
- officially opens and closes the Legislative Assemhly,
- reads the G o v e r n m e n t ' s Speech from the T h r o n e ,
- gives formal approval to new provincial laws,
- exercises emergency powers if the G o v e r n m e n t is unable t o act,
- receives a n d entertains official visitors to the Island,
- gives special medals t o deserving memhers of the public,
- supports charitable organizations, and
- sponsors cultural events such as music recitals.
T h e Lieutenant-Governor has private living quarters in
G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e . D u r i n g Royal visits, special rooms are
reserved for t h e M o n a r c h .
Miscellaneous Facts Associated W i t h G o v e r n m e n t House A n d G
rounds
Sections of the grounds were given to G o v e r n m e n t to he used as a battery (cannons), a
p a r t of the defence of the town . . . . F o r many years, the puhlic drove on the left h a n d side
of t h e two-lane road (carriageway) from Kent Street to T h e Battery, a custom which
confused visitors
In 1 8 7 4 forty acres of the G o v e r n m e n t
H o u s e F a r m were given to the City of Charlottetown to he used as
a p a r k (named Victoria Park)
T h e future King George V
played cricket in the park in 1 8 8 4 . . . . Until 1 8 9 0 , the Q u e e n ' s
C o u n t y exhibition and cattle show (Old H o m e Week) was held
next to t h e barns of G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e F a r m . . . . At t h e e n d
of t h e First World War, G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e and grounds were
chosen as a site for a veterans' hospital with 2 0 0 beds and n u r s e s '
g Chaii
Coya
residence . . . . T h e convalescent h o m e was n a m e d in m e m o r y of
in m e m o r y
R e n a MacLean, a young Island nurse, w h o was lost w h e n t h e hospital ship 'Landovery' was
t o r p e d o e d in 1 9 1 8 . . . Eventually, the hospital was converted into a vocational school for
t h e w o u n d e d m e n r e t u r n i n g from the war.
47
[ O r w e l l C o r n e r - 1 8 0 0 ' s - (Orwell Corner Historic Village)
P.E.I. Map
Orwell Corner
Orwell was n a m e d in 1 7 6 9 by the Surveyor General, Captain S a m u e l Holland. M u c k of t h e early settlement was located
i n Orwell Cove. I n t h e early 1800's Orwell Corner, a small crossroads community, was settled hy families from Scotland a n d
Ireland, a n d hy U n i t e d E m p i r e Loyalists w h o h a d moved to Prince E d w a r d Island from t h e U n i t e d States.
Orwell C o r n e r provided a n u m b e r of services to people living in the local area. Following are a n u m h e r of illustrations of
b u i l d i n g s i n the c o m m u n i t y along with brief explanations of each sketch.
Denis Clarke's General Store served t h e s u r r o u n d i n g
areas hy providing necessities of life that families were
u n a b l e t o produce on t h e farm. Using the barter system, t h e
storekeeper was the local dealer for farm goods, exchanging
crops for credit. At one time, t h e store included a small post
office. T h e owner's h o m e was attached to t h e back of the
store.
A visit to the store was a major event for the rural
residents as it was the social center of the c o m m u n i t y . T h e
news of t h e Island and the world was exchanged a r o u n d t h e
old pot bellied stove.
T h e store served its last customer in 1 9 0 6 .
V.
D. E. Clarke Company - 1864
T h e B l a c k s m i t h S h o p was t h e center of m a n y activities
at t h e t u r n - o f - t h e - c e n t u r y . T h e blacksmith was a person with
m a n y t a l e n t s a n d h e was often asked to provide a variety of
services. H i s n o r m a l duties included shoeing horses a n d oxen,
m a k i n g small tools, a n d repairing wagons a n d farm machinery.
H o r s e s h o e s were t h o u g h t to be good luck symbols. In t h e
w i n t e r h e was called u p o n to b u i l d box sleighs. A n d , w h e n
required, h e carried o u t t h e duties of a dentist, u s i n g the tools
of h i s b l a c k s m i t h t r a d e .
k
Blacksmith Shop
T h e Orwell C h u r c h was built in 1 8 6 1 by the Scottish
Presbyterians of trie c o m m u n i t y . Services were conducted
in English a n d in the Gaelic language. D u r i n g construction,
the parishioners supplied all or t h e material a n d m u c h or
the labour free of charge. T h e pews were rented to the
highest bidder and cost from 5 0 cents to 2 dollars lor a
three m o n t h period. T h e pews were n u m b e r e d t h u s the
minister could easily see who was, a n d w h o wasn't, in
1888
attendance. W h e n a p u m p organ was purchased in 1 8 9 1 ,
some members of the congregation believed t h a t the
i n s t r u m e n t would become an unnecessary distraction.
T h e adjacent cemetery dates bach to 1 8 8 4 a n d is still used by members
of the Orwell congregation.
;'
:
•
:
;
Orwell Presbyterian C h u r c h - 1 8 6 1
Life In T h e C o m m u n i t y - Early diet consisted of potatoes, oatmeal, salt cod, a n d pickled h e r r i n g . . . . h o m e remedies: onions were used to clean cuts
a n d dandelions were used to cure coughs . . . . the failure of p o t a t o crops in Ireland in 1 8 4 5 - 4 7 b r o u g h t many to the Island . . . . it was n o t until
1 8 8 8 t h a t -women were extended voting rights a n d even t h e n it only applied to u n m a r r i e d w o m e n . . . . o n e had to he sick in order to legally purchase
a bottle of liquor . . . . m o s t or t h e settlements h a d a wharf close by t o r t r a d i n g goods . . . . o n e wharf was at Brush Wharf in Orwell Cove . . . .
schooners were later replaced with coastal steamers . . . . t h e boat t r i p from Orwell Cove to C h a r l o t t e t o w n took about two hours a n d cost 2 5 cents
Orwell Sch
1895
T h e Orwell School offered instruction from grade one to grade ten for students
w i t h i n walking distance. O n average 2 0 students attended the school in any one
year with m o s t students only staying to complete the first 5 or 6 grades. Those
completing grade 10 wrote provincial examinations to
be eligible to a t t e n d college in Charlottetown. T h e
teacher's salary was a modest $ 1 5 0 to $ 4 0 0 per year.
S o m e teachers were required to take part of their
payment in cords of firewood if t h e c o m m u n i t y was
u n a b l e to raise its supplement in cash. School started
as late as 9 : 3 0 in the m o r n i n g so t h a t chores at h o m e
could be completed before going t o school. There was
a water p u m p in the school yard which eliminated t h e
..'>''^sSS^S^gS'necessity of carrying water from a stream or farmhouse. V School Outhouse
49-
St. Dunstan's Basilica - Completed In 1 9 1 9
T h e Bishop ? s Residence - Completed In 1 8 7 5
Locations:
Basilica - 6 5 G r e a t George Street
Residence - 4 5 G r e a t George Street
Charlotte town
Great George Street, widely recognized, as the route followed by the
F a t h e r s of Confederation in 1 8 6 4 , is graced by the magnificent
companion structures of St. D u n s t a n ' s Basilica and the Bishop's Residence
or Palace, as it is Known locally.
St. D u n s t a n ' s Basilica, one of t h e most visible landmarks in
Charlottetown with its spires penetrating the city skyline, represents the
final chapter in a story book about four churches built on the same site.
T h e first structure was a small wooden chapel built in 1 8 1 6 and n a m e d
after St. D u n s t a n ' s , a 1 0 ' Century Saint.
T h e second St. D u n s t a n ' s , built in 1 8 4 3 , was a larger wooden cathedral
facing Dorchester Street. Earlier, in 1 8 2 9 , t h e Diocese of Charlottetown
had been created with Bishop Angus M a c E a c h e r n as its first spiritual
leader.
T h e t h i r d church building, with even more space, was erected in 1 9 0 7 in
order t o accommodate the growing congregation. T h e architect designed a
F r e n c h Gothic Cathedral to be built of stone. Six years later, in an
unbelievable t u r n of events, a fire t h a t h a d started in the sanctuary
devastated the new church. Before the tire was extinguished plans were
made t o rebuild t h e cathedral.
T h e fourth church was formally dedicated o n September 2 4 , 1919- T e n
years later, the status of St. D u n s t a n ' s Cathedral was raised to t h e dignity
S t . D u n s t a n ' s Basilica
of a Basilica. T h e church building has not been materially changed since
its official opening. C h i m e s were added in 1 9 2 8 , a naval memorial altar
was built in 1 9 5 3 , a n d t h e altar a n d railing were changed in 1 9 ^ 0 w h e n the edict went out to simplify R o m a n Catholic services.
T h e interior is said to resemble t h a t of St. Patrick's C h u r c h in New York City.
Before entering t h e Basilica o n a p l a n n e d t o u r , visitors are urged to pause at the front of the building and observe the
following details: t h e wide stairway a n d l a m p s leading to t h e entrance; t h e five crosses; the large carved oak doors; the stained
glass windows; the t o u r evangelists; t h e little faces; t h e stone flowers a n d leaves; a n d the m a n y arrows pointing upward.
D u r i n g the era oi Bishop Peter Maclntyre, two institutions associated with St. D u n s t a n ' s Cathedral were established. In
1 8 7 5 the construction oi the Bishop's Residence or Palace was completed. It was a large stone building which stood in stark
contrast to t h e wooden and less elaborate church next door. In ract, the ornate Bishop's Residence influenced the decision t o
huild a far more elaborate stone church. Over t h e years, the Residence was used not only as a h o m e lor the Bishop of the Diocese
or Charlottetown, b u t also as the Diocesan office, a retirement h o m e tor priests, a convent, a n d St. D u n s t a n ' s Cathedral Basilica
rectory.
Earlier, in 1 8 7 0 , a new three-storey St. Patrick's School tor boys was erected n o r t h or the church. It later became k n o w n
as the Q u e e n S q u a r e School.
V St. Patrick's School . . . . Q u e e n S q u a r e School
A
T h e B i s h o p ' s Residence
Gflw G u a r d i a n
COMPARING THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT • Discussion Starters As Reported In The
Guardian 1919 •*•»*•»+ Bicycle A Time Saver - Clergymen in ever increasing numbers are taking to
bicycling. They find it just the thing to enable them to make their pastoral calls and at the same time secure some wholesome fresh
air exercise •*•»+»*• Commencement Exercises St. Dunstan's University - Sir Charles Dalton voiced his pleasure at being present
to participate in the exercises... Valedictory delivered by Mr. Austin O'Brien of Alma »»•>•»* Lemon Juice For Freckles - Girls!
Make beauty lotion for a few cents • Try IT! »*•»*•»*• Auto Owners Special Attention - No motor vehicles will be permitted to be
operated in this province . . . without being equipped with non-glare lenses
Topic: Belvedere
On the roof of the Bishop's Residence is a
small lookout room called a belvedere (also
one can be found on top of Beaconsfield).
Search the internet for a description of a
belvedere • in what country is the term used
and what did the term originally mean?
IF BUILDINGS COULD TALK . . . WHAT WOULD THEY SAY?
THE EDUCATIONAL APPROACH
THE PURPOSE The educational goal or "if Buildings Could Talk . . . " is to provide readers with the opportunity to gain and to retain an
understanding or Island history hy exploring historic sites.
<
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION Some students have difficulty grasping historical concepts and making a connection with past events; this program
involves strategies to counter that tendency. Rather than hasing the study of history on a chronological order of events, a survey
of thematic units, or the accomplishments of selected personalities, "if Buildings Could Talk . . . " provides learning activities
relating to standing historic huildings in the province. The texthook is composed of 24 study units, each of which includes
content involving one or more existing historic sites.
THE TEXTBOOK "If Buildings Could Talk . . . " is a hook of stories ahout places and people on Prince Edward Island. Although the hook
was written for a wide, general audience, it emhraces strategies in support of reluctant readers and reluctant students of history.
The following characteristics were intentionally included in the learning material so that students who experience reading
challenges would he attracted to the content and would, more likely, retain the information.
1 - Living History - Each study unit is hased on places that continue to exist on the Island.
2 - Drawings - Each study unit includes sketches that provide strong visual clues.
3 - Vocabulary - A majority of the vocahulary is at a reading level well within the range of a variety of audiences.
4 - No Pre-requisites - Each study unit is independent and requires no specific preparation.
5 - Unit Components - The majority of the units consist of four parts, one or more of which can he assigned separately.
The four parts include: - Illustrations
(visuals that can he complemented with additional photos and videos),
- Main Text
(historical facts, interesting stories and vocahulary from the 1800's),
- Discussion Starters
(newspaper stories that compare the past with the present), and
- Internet Investigations
(a source with few limitations regarding follow-up study).
6 - Visitations - The historical sites in the program may he visited hy video or personal attendance which
promotes "retention hy direct association".
MEASURING O U T C O M E S The true measure of the effectiveness of "IF BUILDINGS COULD TALK . . . " will he when, in the future, a former
student relates a story from the hook as he/she passes a historic site described in the program.
About the A u t h or
Sterling S t r a t t o n retired from t h e educational system in 1 9 9 3 . During his career he held the positions of teacher,
principal, guidance counsellor, curriculum consultant, and superintendent of education. His current emphasis in art is centered
o n Pen & Ink Images of Island Scenes. F o r the past 2 5 years he has produced pyrographic drawings on wood u n d e r t h e title
S t r a t t o n Family W o o d b u r n i n g s .
As of November 2 0 0 7 , tour boohs of sketches on the topic of Island churches have been published including the
comprehensive edition entitled "The Complete Book Of Island Churches At T h e T u r n Of T h e Century - T h e Year 2 0 0 0 " . I n
addition, he has completed two books t k a t contain illustrations and commentary on the following topics: (1) "The City of
Charlottetown - Places Of Historic Interest - In C o m m e m o r a t i o n of 150 Years of Incorporation" a n d (2) " U . P . E . I . a n d St.
D u n s t a n ' s University Memories - T h e T r a n s f o r m a t i o n of the C a m p u s at the University of Prince Edward Island - 1 8 5 4 to 2 0 0 6 " .
T h e author resides happily, with his editor/wife Gloria, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.
At the time of publication, t h e artist could be contacted at sterlingstratton(5)eastlink.cn or 9 0 2 - 5 6 6 - 4 3 8 2
Editorial Support
A special t h a n k s goes to Mr. Kimball Blanckard - historian, teacher and talented editor.
His contribution to "If Buildings Could Talk . . . " was far beyond the n o r m .
In m a n y instances, he took rough rocks and polished t h e m into fine stones.
-
Sources Of Inspiration And Information
- Historic Churches of P.E.I. - H. M. Scott Smith
Canadian Register of Historic Places - Online
- Historic Houses of P.E.I. - H. M. Scott Smith
Canada's Smallest Province - Francis W. P. Bolger, Editor
- History of Little Sands United Church - Malcolm MacLean
Cape Bear Lighthouse Handout
- History of St. Dunstan's University - G. Edward MacDonald
Cardigan River Inn - Online
- HighBeam Encyclopedia - Online
Charlottetown - Life In Its Buildings - Irene L. Rogers
- International Herald Tribune - Online
East Point - Waldron Leard - Online
- Meacham's Atlas - J. H. Meacham & Co.
Encyclopaedia Britannica - Online
- Orwell Corner Guide - MacKenzie, McKenna, Boyle -1983
Exploring Island History - Harry Baglole, Editor
- P. E. I. Lighthouse Society - Online
Farmers' Bank and Doucet House
- Political Graveyard Online Site
Farmers' Bank Historical Notes - Jean-H. Doiron
- Roman Catholic Church Information - Online
From The Past - Austin Bowman Website
- Story of P.E.I. - Phyllis Blakeley and Myra Vernon
From The Writing Desk Of Historian Catherine Hennessey
Government of Prince Edward Island - Online
- Wikipedia Encyclopedia - Wikimedia Foundation
Heritage Houses of P.E.I. - James W. MacNutt and Robert Tuck
IF BUILDINGS COULD TALK . . . W H A T W O U L D
In T h e Eastern Half Of Prince Edward Island
East Point
Lighthouse
Elmira
Station
U.P.E.I
McNichol-Best
House
The
Highlands
Inns On
Great George
Georgetown
Courthouse
Montague
Charlottetown
Post Office
City Hall
Orwell
Corner
Beaconsfield
Historic Site
Cape Bear
Lighthouse
Government House
Province House
Macphail Homestead
MacDonald Farm
Little Sands
Illustrations and Commentary By Sterling Stratton - Charlottetown, P.E.I. - 2008

- IslandLives

Transcription

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