Frito-Lay Goes Electric | NG in Louisville | Green Fleet Mgmt UPS`s

Transcription

winter 2012 | fuelsfix.com
Waste Vegetable Oil
to Biodiesel in AL
Frito-Lay Goes Electric | NG in Louisville | Green Fleet Mgmt
UPS’s Rolling Laboratory | Raleigh’s First E85/B20 Station
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Learn. View. Drive.
Join us. For more information and to register www.ntea.com
navigate
up front
Editor’s Letter | 4
The Quick Fix | 5
Cover Story: WVO Biodiesel Production in Alabama | 11
coalition news
Evoscape Cutting Grass with Alternative Fuels | 7
Frito-Lay Goes Electric in Orlando | 8
Southeast Propane Autogas Update | 9
TN Plugs In |13
Plugging in from Mountains to Sea | 18
Vestavia Hills Converts to Cleaner Fuel for City Vehicles |22
Roush CleanTech Heats Up Middle TN | 23
Tri-State Coalitions Plan for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure | 26
Suggested Reading: The Billion Ton Update | 29
focus features
NG Fleet Strategy at Waste Management Moving towards Zero Tailpipe Emissions |10
Raleigh’s First Dual-Biofuels Station Opens | 15
UPS’s Rolling Laboratory Approach to Minimize Dependence on Fossil Fuels | 17
Five Key Questions of Green Fleet Management | 19
A Brief History of the (Other) EAA | 27
special features
Clean Cities TV| 6
Question of the Month | 31
The Flux Report | 33
Social Media | 35
3
Winter 2012 | FuelsFix.com
editor’s letter
The SE States NGV Corridor Committee
One of the group efforts I have participated in over the last year is
the NGV Corridor Committe, which includes essentially all southeastern
states and runs from KY to FL and LA to VA. Bob Strickland of the
Alabama Gas Corporation leads the conference calls that are held
every other week. The agendas typically include one speaker that
discusses their equipment, product, efforts, or similar with regard
to natural gas for transportation fuel purposes, and then we go
through each southeastern state and a national update on efforts
underway.
The calls usually close with time for other questions or items that
anyone wants to bring to the group’s attention. I have learned
something new on every call that I’ve attended – it is a very educated
and informed bunch!
There are usually about 15-30 people on the call, depending on the
date. The calls are held on Tuesdays at 11am ET, 10am CT. To be
added to the call email list so that you can join in the conversation,
just email Bob Strickland!
Sincerely,
Jonathan
senior editor
Jonathan G. Overly
East TN Clean Fuels Coalition
[email protected]
designer & editor
Kristy Keel
East TN Clean Fuels Coalition
[email protected]
fuelsfix.com
The Southeastern Fuels Fix is published
quarterly thanks to the DOE Clean
Cities coalitions in the southeastern
United States.
Advertising information may be obtained
by visiting the website or contacting
the editors. Advertising revenue goes
towards helping coalitions maintain
activities focused on putting alternative
fuel and efficient transportation
technologies on the ground in the
southeastern U.S.
Publication Date: January 6, 2012
4
the
Catch up on what our partners have to offer.
SOUTHEAST
conference calls
Discuss the natural gas industry:
equipment, products, efforts, and
natural gas as a transportation fuel
Tuesdays: 11 a.m. ET, 10 a.m. CT
Email [email protected]
5
clean cities tv
Clean Cities TV (CCTV) is the educational Internet
use of alternative and renewable fuels, idle reduction
channel of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE)
and fuel economy measures, and emerging technologies.
Clean Cities program. The channel features live and
Click on the videos below to view Clean Cities clips from
recorded content about Clean Cities and its mission
Coalitions in the Southeast and beyond!
to reduce U.S. petroleum consumption through the
Farm-Grown Biodiesel
State Line Farm
North Bennington, VT
First Responder Vehicle Safety Training
College of the Desert
Palm Desert, CA
Mayor of Hoover, AL on Alt-Fuel Use
Clean Cities Stakeholder’s Summit
Indianapolis, IN
Refuse Truck Natural Gas Project
Richmond, VA
6
bill young
Florida Space Coast Clean Cities Coalition
Florida Solar Energy Center, 1679 Clearlake Road
Cocoa, FL 32922
[email protected] | 321-638-1443
www.clean-cities.org
Evoscape Cutting Grass with Alternative Fuels
Re-inventing lawn care: this is what Evoscape is doing by using alternative fuels in their lawn business. Most
lawn company owners do not relate cutting grass to the use of alternative energy, but Evoscape has found a
valuable way. Brothers Jarrett and Ardis Phillips dreamed up the idea of using alternative fuels in their business to
reduce the emissions from their lawn equipment. They think that clean air and well-maintained lawns should
go together.
They replaced their gasoline pickup truck with a Chrysler GEM XD Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV), which
produces zero vehicle emissions. Their gasoline lawn mower was fitted with a propane conversion kit provided
by Heritage Propane, which produces 26% less greenhouse gases and 60% less carbon monoxide than the
gasoline model. Their blowers and edgers are also propane
powered with a few models available locally from industrial
suppliers. Other equipment, such as power tools and trimmers,
are also electric with zero emissions. To charge the batteries of
this new equipment, photovoltaic (solar electric) modules and a
battery system were installed on the trailer to charge the various
batteries. A trailer hauls all of their equipment and is towed by
their electric power GEM.
The best thing about what they have done is that their operating expenses have decreased by over $100 per week. Fuel costs
for their vehicle and mower are much lower than before these
changes due to savings from using propane and solar energy.
There you have it—using options that are already in existance,
it’s possible to provide great service.
7
Frito-Lay Goes Electric in
Orlando, FL
On December 1st, the Orlando area Frito-Lay
Distribution Facility conducted an Open House in
honor of showcasing their 10 new 100% electric delivery
trucks for the Orlando Market. They are proud to
be part of this community and understand that they
play an important role in employment, commerce, safe
measurements, high quality consumer packaged goods,
and now more than ever, the environment.
Frito-Lay North American has introduced more than
175 electric vehicles across the United States since
last year. Ten Smith electric delivery trucks will be the
first EVs used in the Orlando Market for deployment
in Florida. The trucks feature electric motors which
are ten times more efficient that combustion engines
and can drive for up to 100 miles per day on a single
8 hour charge from Clipper Creek charging stations.
Their fleet of 75 vehicles typically travels routes of 30
miles per day while delivering throughout Orlando
and the central Florida tourist areas. These vehicles
are expected to cut PepisCo’s diesel consumption by
500,000 gallons per year while curbing greenhouse
gas emissions by 75% compared to combustion
engines as they participate in the President’s National
Clean Fleets Partnership.
Frito-Lay is committed to keeping Orlando beautiful!
8
alleyn harned
Virginia Clean Cities
701 Carrier Drive MSC 4115
Harrisonburg, VA 22807
www.hrccc.org
Southeast Propane Autogas Update
Massive DOE-funded Clean Cities Program Will Complete 1,000+
Propane Autogas Vehicle Conversions by Spring 2012
The Southeast is making strides in alternative fuel adoption with the successful execution of the largest
Department-of-Energy-funded Clean Cities vehicle deployment project. Administered by the Virginia Clean
Cities and our key stakeholders, the Southeast Propane Autogas Development Program is set to complete
a grand total of 1,195 clean-burning propane autogas vehicle conversions by the spring of 2012.
Running these fleets on propane autogas helps enhance American energy security and increase clean tech
jobs in the Southeast. Autogas-powered fleets also experience reduced fuel and maintenance costs, saving
money for regional businesses and municipalities alike.
“Successfully completing these propane autogas conversions will mean a drastic reduction in harmful emissions
and U.S. dependence on imported oil,” says Peter Denbigh, our project lead at Virginia Clean Cities. “So far,
the Program has eliminated nearly 130 tons of greenhouse gasses, displaced more than 110,000 gallons
of gasoline, and nearly 2,500 work hours were created in October 2011 alone. We are excited to see the
impact of this project grow exponentially as we finalize vehicle conversions and get all the vehicles on
the road.”
Alliance AutoGas, a major program partner, is performing all of the vehicle conversions, implementing the
autogas fueling stations, and providing training and a year-round fuel supply. Alliance AutoGas, a coalition
member stakeholder and founding partner American Alternative Fuel are supplying the conversion
systems, which are EPA-certified, bi-fuel PRINS VSI autogas systems. Certified Conversion Centers in the
Alliance AutoGas network will perform the installations.
Alliance AutoGas is installing scalable fueling infrastructure at each fleet base, totaling more than 30 fleet
autogas fueling stations along high-traffic routes in the region with fuel provided by Alliance Autogas partners.
Fleet partners include 36 fleets primarily from many Southeastern region areas including Virginia, Tennessee,
South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida.
Propane autogas is the most widely used alternative fuel in the world, and
90 percent of the U.S. supply is made in America. Not only is autogas often
an average of $1 less per gallon than gasoline for fleet fueling, but vehicles
often require less maintenance because autogas burns cleaner than gasoline.
This project represents a significant administrative collaboration with the Virginia
Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy and James Madison University as
well as the support of extremely talented stakeholder partners. To learn
more, visit www.usepropaneautogas.com, www.virginiacleancities.org, or email
[email protected].
9
CNG Focus
Natural Gas Fleet Strategy at Waste Management
Moving towards Zero Tailpipe Emissions
Article courtesy of KCFC
By Rob Owen, Waste Management
Waste Management of Kentucky will be developing a CNG fueling facility at its Louisville, Kentucky Collection
Operation. The facility will be located on Grade Lane adjacent to our Outer Loop disposal site. Construction will
begin in Q1 of 2012, and the development will include a public fueling station. Waste Management expects to
invest over three million dollars in the facility, and will be replacing its current 100+ truck operation with CNG
vehicles over the next 3 to 4 years.
With more than 32,000 collection and support vehicles on the road throughout North America, Waste Management
has committed to reducing the environmental impacts of these vehicles. Our efforts to operate our vehicles
more efficiently and with fewer emissions can significantly improve the environmental profile of the communities
in which we operate. Waste Management is a leader in the use of alternative fuel vehicles. The company has
over 1,000 natural gas trucks on the road, the largest heavy-duty fleet of natural gas trucks in North America.
Waste Management has committed to transitioning its fleet of
over 18,000 Class 8 collection vehicles from diesel to natural
gas. For every Class 8 truck that we convert to natural gas, we
reduce our use of diesel fuel by an average of 8,000 gallons
per year. This reduces our greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by
over 21 metric tons per year per truck.
February 2011
Issue 1 • Volume
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Cover Story
Alabama Turns Trash Into Treasure
Alabama municipalities and state/private organizations are creating jobs, lessening fuel costs
for diesel fleets, and improving air quality with locally produced B100 biodiesel. The cost effective
conversion of waste vegetable oils (WVO) to B100 biodiesel accomplishes two major things.
First it keeps fats, oils, and grease (FOG) out of sewer systems where they are a major cause
of sewer clogs and, secondly, the biodiesel created from WVO is a great way to lower fleet fuel
costs. Mixing the B100 with petroleum diesel to yield a B20 or above mix effectively reduces fueling
costs since biodiesel from WVO typically costs around a dollar a gallon to produce.
The typical “pay back” on the production equipment is approximately one year; this should be
a no-brainer! Currently, in Alabama, over a dozen entities are producing biodiesel from WVO with
many more considering the process. The map below shows the WVO biodiesel production areas.
City of Florence
City of Gadsden
Calhoun County
City of Birmingham
AL Instutute for Deaf & Blind
City of Hoover
Auburn University
City of Florence
Henry County
City of Enterprise
City of Andalusia
Daphne Utilities
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Project Green’s Open House drew more than 150 local, state and national
leaders including Congressman Mike Rogers, Alabama Senator Jerry Fielding,
Alabama Representative Steve Hurst as well as Alabama Department of Economic
and Community Affairs and Coosa Valley Resource and Development
Council representatives.
AIDB’s E.H. Gentry Facility Work Experience Student Rodriques Wilson, Birmingham,
Blind Services, has learned how to process WVO into biodiesel and aids in
WVO pick-up from Regional Businesses, establishing relationships with two
restaurants on his own.
Project Green Fuels Alabama Education
Through extensive collaboration, the Alabama Institute for
Deaf and Blind (AIDB) is the first educational entity to implement
a biodiesel public education, student training, and internal
production program: Project Green. The project is teaching
the benefits of alternative fuels to a generation of students
statewide.
Fueled by several municipal, state, and national agencies,
Project Green recently received a $300,000 U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE) Congressional Award driven by Representative
Mike Rogers (R-AL). Seed funding from Alabama Representative
Steve Hurst (D-35), Alabama Department of Agriculture and
Industries, Coosa Valley Resource Conservation and Development
Council, Alabama Department of Economic, and Community
Affairs and Appalachian Regional Commission has piloted the
Project, with monies used towards preliminary site renovation,
acquisition of production equipment, and job creation.
“While collecting Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) from local restaurants,
schools, businesses, and community recycle stations, Project
Green will serve as a work experience program for AIDB’s
Alabama School for the Blind, Alabama School for the Deaf,
Helen Keller School of Alabama, and E.H. Gentry students,”
explained AIDB President Dr. Terry Graham. “For our students,
statewide Local Education Agencies and Appalachia schools,
curricula, tours, and public awareness campaigns will reinforce
concepts related to chemistry and mathematics being learned
in the classroom. The biodiesel produced is a byproduct of a
much larger public education and student training program
and will power a small number of school buses, maintenance
trucks, lawn equipment, and other state vehicles.”
The curricula, Transportation Fuels: Biodiesel produced by
the NEED Project, is distributed to Alabama school systems with
students asked to collect WVO four weeks prior to touring
Project Green, disposing of their collections on site during
tours. Curricula is with funding from the National Biodiesel
Board for elementary, intermediate, and secondary students
including the Correlation of NEED Materials to the K-12 Science
Standards of the State of Alabama.
NEED has granted approval for AIDB to modify the curricula
for students who are deaf and blind, sharing the curricula
with schools for the deaf and blind in Appalachian states.
Additionally, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) starter
kits are distributed to Alabama school systems and schools/
programs for the deaf and blind cited interested in implementing
their own biodiesel education and production program.
“As Alabama native Helen Keller once said, ‘No one has the
right to consume happiness without producing it,’” explains
Dr. Graham. “The same can be said of energy.”
Article courtesy of ACFC
12
jonathan overly
East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition
311 Conf. Center Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996
www.ETCleanFuels.org
TN Plugs In
Through the Department of Energy-funded EV Project, a significant amount of electric vehicle (EV) “refueling”
or recharging infrastructure has been or is being installed in participating states: Tennessee, California,
Oregon, Washington, Arizona, and Texas (and the District of Columbia). This infrastructure is called electric
vehicle supply equipment, or EVSE, and includes both Level 2 (220 volts AC) and DC Fast Chargers (DCFC,
480 volts DC). Level 2 equipment generally will take 3-8 hours to recharge an EV depending on the vehicle,
while a DCFC will recharge a Nissan Leaf to 80 percent in about 25 minutes.
ETCleanFuels is working on this project focusing on the East Tennessee area. Most of our activities this year
have been focused on directly contacting potential EVSE site hosts about joining the project and receiving
free and installed Level 2 equipment or DCFC and on promoting EVs in the region. Additionally, we have
been maintaining a portal on our website which provides several tools to help EV owners as they grow in
the region. A shortened link to this information is www.ETEV.info. First and
foremost on that page is a map of where EVSE is either currently installed or
expected to be installed soon. This includes both Level 2 and DCFC equipment.
Completed Installations: 53 Total
Although this map is changing quickly with new additions and some changes
Level 2
DCFC
right now, current numbers can be seen in the chart to the right.
Commercial: 36
Commercial: 12
These numbers cover all of what is presented on the map, which includes East
Municipal: 3
Municipal: -Tennessee and Middle Tennessee for the Cracker Barrel locations (including
Private: 2
Private: -the DCFC and L2 sites). The primary purpose of the map is to show available
charging units in the eastern part of the state, but for travelers headed west
Potential Installations: 19
the locations may be helpful as well!
Level 2: 18
Two other tools which are provided on that page are 1) a closed Facebook
DCFC: 1
page for East Tennessee EV Owners that allows only members to make edits
or post comments, pictures, and the like, and 2) a protected Google doc that
is a list of EV owners in the region. The Facebook page is a way owners can easily start a discussion with all
of the other member owners, and the Google doc allows drivers to learn about other owners (what do you
drive?) and communicate with those people. We hope you will take advantage of these tools!
Vsit ETEV.info for more
information on EVs
and EVSE locations!
13
EVSE locations in Knoxville
and surrounding areas
EVSE locations in
Nashville, Chattanooga,
and surrounding areas
See the full maps
and bookmark them
in your smart phone!
14
Partner Focus
Raleigh’s First Dual-Biofuels Station Opens
Crown Express Mart One of Few in Nation Offering E85 & B20
In Raleigh, NC, the first station to offer both E85
(85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) and B20 (20% biodiesel,
80% petroleum diesel) celebrated its grand opening
with dignitary remarks, a ribbon cutting, and an
$0.85 per gallon E85 promotion. The station underwent
extensive renovations and began providing the
renewable fuel options in early October. “We are excited
to be able to offer alternative fueling options in the
Raleigh area. Individual and fleet customers now
have a choice and convenient place to pump E-85
and B20 fuel seven days a week,” said Kokila Amin,
one of the station owners.
There are close to 2,000 E85 capable flex fuel vehicles
(FFVs) located in the zip code of the New Bern
Avenue station according to research conducted by
RL Polk and Associates in July of this year. Across
the state in North Carolina there are 18 commercial
service stations offering E85, while there are over
236,000 FFVs according to data tracked by the N.C.
Solar Center at N.C. State University and RL Polk.
FFVs can be operated on gasoline, E85, or any blend
of ethanol in between. There are over 40 makes and
models offered by auto manufacturers that have can
be made flex fuel compatible at no additional cost to
the purchaser.
Funding for the E85 refueling infrastructure was
provided in part through a grant from the N.C. Solar
Center using Congestion Mitigation Air Quality funds
from the N.C. Department of Transportation. The B20
refueling infrastructure was funded partially with
American Recovery & Reinvestment Act funding provided
to Kargo Corporation, the station owners, from the
15
N.C. Department of Commerce. “We are grateful that
the state has taken such a forward looking position on
supporting the use of renewable fuels as these public
private partnerships support clean air and domestic
fuel and distribution opportunities,” said Anne Tazewell,
Transportation Program Manager at the N.C. Solar
Center. Representatives from state and local government
spoke at the ribbon cutting along with Steve Walk of
Protec Fuel Management. Protec and the Renewable
Fuels Association partnered with the station owners
on the $0.85 gallon E85 for 85 minutes fuel promotion
price at the opening celebration to encourage FFV drivers
to try America’s home grown fuel.
Ethanol is a cleaner burning fuel currently produced in
the United States—primarily from corn grown in the
Midwest. A byproduct of ethanol production is distiller’s
grain, a high protein animal feed. E85 has been used
for over a decade in North Carolina by the Department
of Administration State Motor Fleet, but has only become
available at commercial service stations over the past
five years.
Article courtesy of Triangle Clean Cities
Biodiesel is a cleaner burning fuel that is made from
a variety of feedstocks in the United States, including
waste vegetable oil, soybeans, and animal renderings.
It can be utilized in a variety of blends in any diesel
engine with no modifications required. In most fleet
and consumer applications it is offered at a 20% blend
level. B20 has been used by the N.C. Department of
Transportation for over a decade and is provided at
over 100 state fuel sites. The New Bern Crown Express
is the third station to provide B20 to the motoring public
in Raleigh and the 28th across North Carolina.
Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook
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16
Hybrid Focus
UPS’s Rolling Laboratory Approach to
Minimize Dependence on Fossil Fuels
UPS Deploys Largest Commercial Order of HEVs
By Mike Britt | UPS’s Director of Vehicle Engineering
Today, companies are being judged more and more on
their green profile, and eyes are on supply chains for
opportunities to shrink carbon footprints. The response
from supply chain and logistics carriers has been declarations
of investments in new green technologies and alternative
fuel vehicles. However, that’s just the surface, just numbers.
To really judge a carrier’s green profile you have to dig
deeper, beyond their advertisements and press releases.
The real issue isn’t how much a carrier invested in the
latest gadgets or how many vehicles they have, but how
that carrier operates the business holistically. How does
your carrier conduct its operation? What’s the strategy
behind the deployments?
For example, UPS recently rolled out 130 new Hybridelectric vehicles (HEVs) in New York, New Jersey and
California. Those locations were carefully selected. HEVs
aren’t well suited for routes with long interstate miles.
We deploy them in urban areas with frequent stops
where the brakes get a lot of use, which puts the maximum
amount of regenerative electricity back into the batteries.
Alternative fuel technology is still in its infancy in the
grand scheme, but the potential is high, and the business
imperative is even higher. Reducing dependence on fossil
fuels is crucial to reducing fuel costs and overhead.
Those HEVs I mentioned? They’re expected to save 58,271
gallons of fuel and reduce CO2 emissions by 592 metric
tons, the equivalent of removing approximately 32
conventional diesel trucks from the roadways.
But that’s not the whole the story.
UPS takes a “rolling laboratory” approach to this expansion.
We are experimenting with many new technologies
rather than a commitment to just one. UPS has more
than 90,000 vehicles in its fleet, with more than 2,500
alternative fuel vehicles of many types: hybrid-electric,
compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, electric,
propane and we are exploring hydraulic-hybrid. There
is no silver bullet technology on the horizon that will be
the turnkey solution to fuel efficiency and carbon reduction.
Some work best in different climates. Others have be-
17
Article courtesy of Clean Cities Atlanta
come financially viable thanks to local and state subsidies.
Some have great fuel efficiency numbers but aren’t reliable
or need expensive maintenance or repairs.
At UPS, we realize we are part of a larger eco-system. To
ensure our technologies are most impactful, we often
collaborate closely with our manufacturers to tweak the
technology to improve its overall performance in more
situations We also collaborate with others in the industry
and public sectors to share investments and research
findings.
With all of the pressure faced by businesses to clean up
their operations, companies should choose carriers that
have a long-term comprehensive approach to carbon
reduction. Today, no logistics provider’s fleet is 100
percent alternative fuel vehicles. Even UPS, with more
than 200 million miles logged by alternative fuel and
advanced technology vehicle, still has a relatively small
fleet percentage wise. The reasons are both economic
and technological for the entire industry.
Rather, shippers need to evaluate companies more
broadly to encompass how the logistics provider is using
and organizing their resources to maximize efficiency
across the operation. Deploying green trucks alone is not
enough. A logistics provider must use its vehicles, hybrid
or conventional, in a broader context, if it wants to be
a sustainable network. That means lowering the miles
each vehicle drives, reducing engine idling, and making
sure the vehicles are loaded to lower the number of net
vehicles on the road. The benefit to a business will be a
reduced carbon footprint in their shipping operations.
With this in mind, let’s start evaluating what being green
and reducing the carbon footprint means not just on one
green vehicle launch but in terms of real progress, testing
and movement towards holistic efficiency. There is no
one answer, but through multiple options and rigorous
testing it is possible to make real progress in reducing the
carbon footprint of shipping.
emily parker
Centralina Clean Fuels Coalition
Centralina COG, 525 N. Tryon Street 12th Floor
Charlotte, NC, 28202
www.centralina.org
Plugging In From Mountains to Sea
Community Readiness for Electric Vehicles Forum
On December 15, 2011, community leaders from the greater Charlotte region and from across the state
gathered in Mooresville, North Carolina to attend a plug-in electric vehicle forum focused on community
readiness. The event was attended by representatives from the region’s public and private sectors and
included presentations by forum sponsors: Centralina Clean Fuels Coalition, Duke Energy, and Advanced
Energy. These sponsors are part of the U.S. DOE Clean Cities Initiative titled NC PEV Readiness Initiative:
Plugging in from Mountains to Sea (M2S), which was awarded earlier this year. This forum was one of the
first major pieces of programmatic work to emerge from the M2S project, and there’s much more on the
horizon in 2012.
Centralina Clean Fuels Coalition is leading M2S project efforts with the following North Carolina project partners:
Triangle J COG, North Carolina Solar Center, Land of Sky Regional Council, Piedmont Triad Regional Council,
and Advanced Energy. Duke Energy and Progress Energy, while not receiving federal funding, are involved
with M2S in an advisory capacity.
The goal of the PEV forum was to educate and facilitate open discussion on electric drive-related community
readiness planning. The topics covered included PEV infrastructure as it relates to utilities, community
planning, and public education. There were in-depth discussions and Q & A sessions that promoted networking
and learning for all attendees. This forum was considered a success as it gathered a diverse group of
knowledgeable PEV leaders together to continue discussions about moving North Carolina ahead in PEV
readiness planning.
Chemetall, local producer of lithium compounds, provided their Nissan Leaf and Chevy Volt for the static
display at the event (see images).
18
Green Fleet Focus
Five Key Questions of Green Fleet Management
ARI’s green expert discusses the five key questions fleet managers must ask
and answer before adopting any strategies for sustainability.
October 2011, Government Fleet Magazine - www.gfleet.com
By Elisa Durand
For fleet managers, the world has changed drastically over the past decade. However, one trend has proven
to be the most elusive and persistent -- the move to green fleet management. Whether you are managing a
municipal, city, state, or non-governmental fleet, the demand for increased sustainability and cost reduction
is a looming new social and corporate mandate that’s here to stay. Many fleet managers have a desire to
go green, but either don’t know where to begin or become discouraged after one or two costly steps. Most
have uncovered a number of surprising gray areas in going green. To help managers make the right moves,
they must first consider carefully the larger issues that will ultimately drive green success. The following are
the five key questions that must be asked and answered before adopting any strategies for sustainability.
1. Does it have the right support?
Sustainability initiatives are typically generated in one of two
ways: from the top down, through the support of executives
and leaders, or pushed up through the ranks for leadership
approval. In some organizations, the onus falls on the fleet
manager to act as the prime driving force behind green initiatives.
However, if the leadership is pushing for an agency-wide
green movement, the hard work is done.
Regardless of the origin, once the initiative is supported,
fleet managers can focus on working with peers to cultivate
recommendations and benchmarking and best practice
discussions to help avoid pitfalls or missteps. These discussions
will help the manager develop a plan for the transition, including
goals, messaging, tactics, and timing.
2. What are the realistic goals?
Properly defined goals can make the difference between
success and failure in green fleet initiatives. As with any project,
specific time-bound goals need to be identified in a way you
can see, feel, and measure. If the primary goal is to decrease
your agency’s fuel consumption and corresponding carbon
footprint, vehicle rightsizing could be a simple answer. Shifting
to smaller vehicles that still support driver productivity or
choosing a smaller, more efficient engine for the same vehicle
model will support this goal. Likewise, if the agency wants
to decrease its dependence of foreign oil, then compressed
natural gas (CNG), propane autogas, or electric vehicles may
be the better route to success. Too often the tactics, which
are more tangible, tend to drive the goals.
19
Additionally, goals need to consider the size, age, and complexity
of any fleet. For most managers, there is no easy, one-sizefits-all green solution. Most fleets are not able to decrease
engine or vehicle size across the board. When dealing with
a complex fleet, the manager and leadership must consider
each portion of the fleet separately. One agency may be more
successful transitioning to smaller vehicles or an alternative
fuel type. But these moves could unintentionally increase
costs and decrease efficiency for another organization. For
instance, one fleet was evaluating the best ways to incorporate
NGVs (natural gas vehicles). It found that deploying the Honda
Civic GX natural gas vehicle made sense, but big-fuel CNG/
gasoline vehicles were more useful for its pickup trucks due to
vehicle applications. Agency leaders and fleet managers need
to work together to develop realistic goals that work for the
organization, the fleet, and the future.
3. What is the real rationale for green?
Although green fleet management has been shown to save
government agencies money in the long-term, cost savings is
not the only case to be made. There are related benefits that
can provide additional validation to help justify any investment
in green. For governments, going green is one of the most
immediate ways to affect public perception - otherwise known
as voting behavior. And with trust and approval ratings and
government budgets at historic lows, green offers agencies
and fleet managers a new one-two punch of a social and
spending improvement. Even the smallest efforts can affect
perceptions - often before any actual savings are realized.
Understanding the real rationale for the organization’s green
vision will help drive the right efforts for the right reasons.
4. How do we secure buy-in?
Beyond key leaders, success in green fleet management
requires the support of key local managers, parallel agencies,
and drivers alike. Too often, fleet managers enact new green
policies in an organizational vacuum, without gaining the
proper buy-in from key internal stakeholders. When enacted,
these changes can be perceived as nothing more than an
inconvenience, or worse, green grandstanding. But, with the
proper education and communication, fleet managers can
gain the cooperation of the broader stakeholder. Many states
have achieved success using the official state, agency, or city
website to disseminate green fleet specific policy information
and educational tools to citizens, fleet managers, private sector
influencers, and other stakeholders. This not only reduces
barriers and resistance to green, but often increases investment
and new opportunities.
To achieve this level of understanding and commitment, fleet
managers must engage employees at every level. By holding
meetings and discussions at local offices with department
members and leadership, employees can voice concerns, discuss
the application process, and play an active role in policy
development. Managers should use every channel available
to reach out and solicit feedback. By showing the drivers
what’s in it for them and involving them in the decision-making
process, through committees or other means, drivers can
become personally vested in the program’s success. Without
collaboration and feedback from the end user, the success of
policies will be severely limited, if not doomed for failure.
5. How do we measure success?
Measuring green initiatives is rarely a black-and-white issue.
The key is to align green metrics to the agency’s existing
outlined goals. Regardless of the new measures, there needs
to be some benchmark of past performance. Generally six
months to one year after the launch is advisable. For example,
if one green metric is a reduction in dependence on foreign
oil, the fleet manager could compare the agency’s annual fuel
usage from the previous year with the first 12 months of the
green initiative.
After crunching the numbers, it is important to put the
metrics in context. Although an organization may not meet
or exceed the established goals in the first year, the smallest
improvement can save money and lay the groundwork for
long-term savings. The purpose of the evaluation process is to
adjust your goals and efforts accordingly. Too often, agencies
abandon goals that are not met in the first year.
Green fleet management is more than a trend; it is a strategic
decision that should not be taken lightly. Asking the right
questions ahead of time can save time, pain, and political
capital down the road to green.
Properly defining goals will lead to a better understanding of
what kind of alt-fuel vehicle will be better for the fleet. If the
goal is to reduce dependence on foreign oil, vehicles such as
this hybrid electric bucket truck may be a good solution.
20
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mark bentley
Alabama Clean Fuels Coalition
2131 Data Office Drive, Suite 240 Birmingham, AL 35244
www.alabamacleanfuels.org
Vestavia Hills Converts to Cleaner Fuel for City Vehicles
14 Ford Crown Victorias in Police Fleet Now Use Propane Autogas
The City of Vestavia Hills, AL recently converted 14
of its police fleet Ford Crown Victorias. They enlisted
Alliance AutoGas to outfit their vehicles with bi-fuel,
autogas-gasoline systems and install an on-site propane
autogas station to give officers easy fueling access.
Vestavia Hills expects to save significantly on fuel and
maintenance costs.
Autogas is propane used as an alternative fuel in
vehicles and is the most widely used alternative fuel in
the world. The conversion was part of the Southeast
Propane Autogas Development Program (SPADP).
During the four-year funding of the Program, nearly
1,200 vehicles will be converted from gasoline to autogas
and more than 30 autogas refueling stations will be
installed throughout the southeastern U.S.
SPADP is coordinating conversions for more than 30
public and private fleets in Washington, DC and 10
Southeast states. SPADP is partially funded by grants
from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and
the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean Cities Program,
and it is the largest Clean Cities alternative fuel vehicle
conversion deployment program to date.
Mayor Zaragoza believes the benefits of converting police
fleet vehicles to autogas are numerous for the City of
Vestavia Hills and its citizens. “We see the long-term
advantages of embracing this technology to reduce
fuel and maintenance costs, while also improving the
air quality in the city limits. We are also lessening our
dependence on foreign oil, since 90 percent of our
country’s autogas supply is produced right here in
the United States. Running fleets on autogas creates
jobs for Americans while strengthening the national
economy and ensuring a more secure energy future.”
provides cities like Vestavia Hills the resources and
expertise needed to efficiently fund the fuel conversion
of their fleets.”
Alliance AutoGas, a SPADP partner, performs all vehicle
conversions for the program, while also providing a
year-round fuel supply and autogas vehicle training
to drivers. Alliance also installs a fueling station at the
fleet base at no up-front cost to those converting from
gasoline to propane Autogas. Certified conversion centers
in the Alliance AutoGas network are performing all of
the vehicle conversions for the Program. Blossman Gas,
with operations in Alabama, is the primary fueling partner
of Alliance AutoGas and will provide the fuel for all
SPADP fleets.
“The cost to convert existing fleet vehicles to autogas
is significantly cheaper than the cost to purchase new
alternative fuel vehicles,” says Mark Denton of Alliance
AutoGas. “Because autogas burns cleaner than gasoline,
we expect our autogas vehicles to require fewer oil
changes and incur lower maintenance costs.”
Converting fleets to propane autogas costs, on average, $1
less per gallon compared to petroleum based gasoline.
Additionally, autogas vehicles emit 20 percent less carbon
monoxide, 40 percent less nitrogen oxide and up to 20
percent less carbon dioxide compared to gasoline vehicles.
“The City of Vestavia Hills is a great example of an Alabama
municipality that is embracing a cleaner, more costeffective, and domestically produced alternative fuel
for its fleet vehicles,” said Mark Bentley, Alabama Clean
Fuels Coalition executive director. “Autogas is a proven
technology, and this program is a collaboration that
22
atha comiskey
Middle Tennessee Clean Fuels
[email protected] | 615-884-4908 Office
www.middletncleanfuels.org
Roush CleanTech Heats Up Middle Tennessee
Roush CleanTech spent a couple of days in middle Tennessee recently to conduct meetings regarding the
economical and environmental benefits of their Ford Propane vehicles. Roush Propane Powered Vehicles
are new Ford trucks, Vans and Cutaway’s that have been converted to propane. These vehicles include the
F-150, F-250/F-350, and the Ford E450 Cutaway.
Chuck Harwell, general manger of the Central States Bus Company in Lebanon, TN, invited Melissa Cox,
Fleet Sales Manager-Transportation, our own Chelsea Jenkins turned Roush CleanTech Southeast Region
Manager, Rick Warren of FerrellGas, Jonathan Overly of East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coaliton, and Atha
Comiskey of Middle Tennessee Clean Fuels to talk with School Bus Fleet Managers from the middle and
east Tennessee area.
The half-day event included presentations from Roush CleanTech and FerrellGas, as well as a Ride and
Drive of the new Roush/Blue Bird, Class A. Central States Bus Company’s type C Bus will be arriving in
January 2012.
Roush Liquid Propane Injection (LPI) Fuel System has distinct advantages over gasoline and diesel.
• Reduces Operating Costs by 30%
• Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• No Loss of Horsepower, Torque, or Towing Capacity
• All Roush converted vehicles maintains the Factory Ford Warranty
The attendees were encouraged to consider propane buses due to the fact that propane is the world’s third
most common engine fuel (after gasoline & diesel) and is already powering over 13 million vehicles. North
American production provides 97% of all domestic propane consumption, and infrastructure is inexpensive
to install, easy to maintain, and is already quite prevalent throughout the U.S.
23
We had another awesome meeting the next day with Roush CleanTech and FerrellGas at the Nashville International
Airport. The E350 12 Passenger Van was delivered to us from Louisville for the event!
Approximately 25 people were in attendance to discuss propane for the Metro Nashville, Nashville Airport, Mid TN
Ford and First Transit fleets. Metro Nashville already has some propane vehicles in their fleet and is looking to add
more as availability of propane fueling stations increases in the Nashville area.
The owner of a local fueling station attended this meeting and is in the planning stages of opening an alternative
fueling station in Nashville, where their first alternative fuel will be propane. We are excited about this endeavor and
will be working with this company to fulfill their goal of opening Nashville’s first alternative fueling station. Propane is
getting ready to blast off in Nashville and we are poised and ready to do what we can to increase GGEs with propane!
Check out the most fuel efficient cars for 2012!
Click this page to go straight to fueleconomy.gov!
25
andrew epting
Palmetto State Clean Fuels Coalition
408 Wade Hampton Building
1200 Senate Street
Columbia, South Carolina 29201
Tri-State Coalitions Plan for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
The Palmetto State Clean Fuels Coalition , an initiative of the South Carolina
Budget and Control Board State Energy Office, has been awarded funding
from the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Clean Cities Program. This funding is
to co-lead a project that will establish a comprehensive, tri-state (Georgia,
Alabama and South Carolina) readiness and deployment strategy for all-electric
and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EVs) and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
Additionally, the program willand begin the implementation of the Southeast
Regional EV Deployment Readiness Program.
The project, one of 16 selected for funding by DOE, represents a collaborative
effort between the Center for Transportation and the Environment and Clean
Cities Coalitions (Atlanta, Alabama Clean Fuels Coalition, Palmetto State Clean
Fuels Coalition and the Middle Georgia Clean Cities Coalition). The Southern
Company, South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies, and the Regional Planning
Commission of Greater Birmingham will provide their expertise to the program.
The Southeast Regional EV Deployment Readiness Program supports DOE’s goal
of accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in communities across the nation. “The tri-state region
will be a critical target market for EVs due to low electricity rates and favorable incentives for the purchase
of EVs and EV chargers,” said Steve Clermont of the Center for Transportation and the Environment. Mass
market adoption of EVs will reduce the nation’s dependence on imported petroleum, improve air quality by
reducing tailpipe emissions, and add thousands of jobs to support the manufacture, installation, and maintenance
of EV charging stations and smart grid technology across the Southeast.
Through DOE’s Clean Cities’ Community Readiness and Planning for Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Charging
Infrastructure awards, local public-private partnerships collaborate to develop EV readiness and deployment
strategies. This one-year project will help communities address their specific needs, which include updating
permitting processes, revising codes, training municipal personnel, promoting public awareness, and/or
developing incentives. Each program will create EV readiness plans that will be publicly available to
communicate best practices for EV deployment.
For additional information, please go to www.cte.tv/evreadiness.html.
About the Palmetto State Clean Fuels Coalition
The Palmetto State Clean Fuels Coalition (PSCFC) an initiative of the South Carolina Budget
and Control Board State Energy Office and a designated coalition of the Clean Cities program
and is one of 100 designated coalitions in the United States. The U.S. Department of Energy
approved the application for PSCFC’s designation in 2003, recognizing the commitment of
stakeholders to building an alternative fuels industry in South Carolina. The PSCFC is committed
to increasing alternative fuel use in the transportation sector.
26
EV Focus
A Brief History of the (Other) EAA
By Ron Freund and Carl Vogel
The Electric Auto Association (the other EAA) is a forty-four
year old California non-profit organization started originally
by a group of Silicon Valley engineers who were intrigued by
the concept of building a passenger car that was propelled
without petroleum products. This meant no oil, no gasoline,
and no smog (a major concern in many California neighborhoods).
The search for alternatives took root. During those early years,
another reason to investigate this technology emerged when
the Arab Oil embargo twice, rudely and suddenly, increased
the price of filling our tanks. Justification was there yet recognized
by few. By the mid-1980’s some technical developments
allowed progress to be seen in which the EAA played a role as
well. New semiconductors were being prepared which could
be applied in the creation of quiet, solid state motor speed
controllers. But driving an electric car was largely seen as a
demonstration project, relegated to a select few.
By 1990, when General Motors’ president alluded to their
development of an electric car, the California Air Resources
Board (CARB) threw down the gauntlet and enacted a
Zero Emissions mandate (ZEV). The ZEV required all major
automakers to produce a certain percentage of true “zero
emissions vehicle” by specified dates if they wanted to be
able to participate in the lucrative California market. Big auto
proceeded to innovate and produced the first generation
of production quality cars, no longer just one-off concept
cars. The vehicles that emerged were the GM EV-1, the Ford
Ranger EV, the Chrysler TEVan minivan, the Toyota RAV4 EV
mini-SUV, and the Honda EV Plus. As they became available
later in the decade, they were only leased to as late as 2002
in California and Arizona. Those early adopters were lucky
drivers and were to quickly learn about the pleasures offered
by their rides: no maintenance, fueling at home for a fraction
of the cost of gas, privileged driving in the High Occupancy
Vehicles (HOV) lanes, and brisk performance with virtually no
compromises.
Eventually these cars would use new battery technology, a
nickel metal-hydride innovation which delivered better low
temperature behavior and considerably longer driving range,
as well as longer lifetimes. The U.S. was nearly there when big
business decided it was not to be, and the courts overturned
the ZEV mandate. The experiment quickly came to an end,
the leases expired, and vehicles turned in. Only a few Toyota
RAV4 EVs that had been sold to private owners remained
on the road (and still do today). Leasees of the GM EV-1 still
remember the images of their vehicles, crushed and stacked
like so much cordwood, at the GM proving ground in the
Arizona desert. The story of the success of this first generation
27
Fall 2011 | FuelsFix.com
Electric Auto Association
of electric vehicles which whet the appetite of thousands
of drivers is best told in a 90 minute documentary released
in 2006 titled Who Killed the Electric Car?, directed by Chris
Paine. This highly-recommended, fast-moving, and captivating
video can be found in libraries and at video rental services
nationwide. If you are a driving enthusiast, it is a must see.
We have been proving that a market exists for all-electric cars,
and as we approach the year 2012 we are excited to celebrate
our 45th year anniversary. The EAA has advocated the use
of electric vehicles, plug-in vehicles, and their benefits; the
reduction of pollution, our reduced dependence on fossil fuel,
and improvements for our environment. We grew nationally
and internationally and our membership has blossomed,
covering all 50 states and 16 foreign countries with thousands
of members in over 75 chapters, including some at community
colleges and universities. We provide education and assistance
with a mission to accelerate the widespread adoption of electric
and plug-in vehicles. Our member profile in this EV driving
community is very diverse, ranging from the tech-savvy to
ordinary vehicles owners, and we learn from each other in a
supportive way.
As a service, we have been maintaining electric vehicle charging
stations in selected areas. For example, in northern California, the
EAA (with a matching grant) paid for and installed a network
of strategically located chargers. Now it is possible to travel from
San Francisco to beautiful Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra
Nevada mountains, by EV. We repair, refurbish, and redeploy
these chargers throughout the state at no cost to drivers. These
units are now without any warranty, so to fund this effort, we
set up special funds towards which members can contribute
with full tax deductibility. The funds are also used for installation
to develop and expand new public EV charging infrastructure
Traditional EV chargers for first generation (legacy) cars.
into key areas. Eventually, EV drivers can expand their driving
horizon as more public charging becomes available. During
this next year, special-purpose quick chargers will be deployed
which will allow for more traditional long distance traveling.
The EAA may recover some of these old chargers otherwise
destined for scrap to be repaired, refurbished, and updated
with the new SAE J1772 plug as a cost effective way to recycle,
reduce waste, and place inexpensive units in the hands of
private users.
On the first anniversary of the Nissan LEAF U.S. deliveries, Ron
Freund, our EAA chairman met with visitors from Japan and
Nissan employees from Tennessee, California, and the UK to
deliver the Manufacturing Excellence Award to the LEAF Chief
Vehicle Engineer from Nissan. The event included the San
Francisco Bay LEAFs users group who gathered at the Google
Campus in Mountain View, CA. Not only was it a “birthday
celebration,” but the users arranged for a team of Nissan
engineers to come listen to their pitch on vehicle improvement
opportunities.
Finally, the vision of the major automakers is making a difference.
This year the Electric Auto Association is honored to present its
first “Manufacturer’s Award of Excellence” to Nissan Motor
Company, Ltd. for the groundbreaking production of the Nissan
LEAF—the first modern, mass-produced, purely electric vehicle.
With the LEAF, Nissan has launched a new era in clean, quiet,
powerful cars manufactured by major auto makers.
Mark Perry, Director of Product Planning & Strategy, Nissan
N-A, Hidetoshi Kadota, Nissan LEAF Chief Vehicle Engineer,
Japan, Ron Freund, EAA Chairman
2011 Nissan LEAF Award
With these active chapters, we invite others to join our community
to learn about the pleasures and the possibilities of driving
without oil and to learn about the technology. We offer
opportunities to lead and to help change awareness in a
world, which for multiple generations, has been taught there
is only one way—the petroleum way. Discover the fallacy in
that for yourself!
28
grace loy
311 Conference Center Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996
www.etcleanfuels.org
Suggested Reading: the Billion Ton Update
One of the hallmarks of the alternative fuel movement
is forward-thinking. Proponents of this movement
must not only try and fix today’s problems, but anticipate
the fuel needs of the future, as well. The U.S. Billion
Ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and
Bioproducts Industry is an incredible resource to
ground the future of American biofuels in scientific
data. This report is an update to the report produced
by the EPA in 2005. It examines the feasibility of
producing 1 billion dry tons of biomass by 2030.
This amount would create enough energy to replace
approximately 30% of the today’s petroleum usage.
Such studies are important because they enable
promoters of biofuels to have realistic understandings
of the potential growth this industry can be expected
to have over the next twenty years.
While the report is understandably lengthy, the
executive summary gives an overview of the purpose
and findings of the report which would be readily
accessible for anyone to read and comprehend. The
actual body of the report is also given in language
that lends itself to both those who are familiar with
the American biofuels industry and those who are
just beginning to educate themselves on such topics
as MSW, corn stover, and forest residues.
Its emphasis on sustainability and the breadth of
potential feedstocks are two great reasons to review
this document. As the alternative fuel industry
grows, we have to put sustainability as an important
criterion for replacing traditional, petroleum based
fuels. For every feedstock, the process of how it
should be sustainably harvested and how this will
limit its availability is included. This report is also a
must read if one is looking ot gain a wider knowledge
of potential biomass feedstocks, as it includes not
only the prominent feedstocks, like corn stover or
soybeans, but less well-known feedstocks as well.
Click here for a link to the full document.
29
The report will also serve as a great resource with
many detailed graphs, figures, and projections of the
growth of different markets and the expected future
amounts. While the baseline projections have the
potential biomass yield being less than the 1 billion
tons, the high-yield projections were well above. The
report truly highlights the fact that while there is still
much research to be done, biomass will only continue
to grow in prominence in American energy security.
THE ZERO COMPROMISE
ALTERNATIVE FUEL SOLUTION
PROPANE AUTOGAS VS. GASOLINE
40% Fuel Savings*. 57,000 Fewer Pounds of C02*.
Zero Loss in Engine Performance.
FUEL COSTS:
40% LESS
VEHICLE WARRANTY:
5 YEAR / 60,000 MILE2
The Savings Calculator below says it all: impressive savings with lower operating
and maintenance costs — thanks to the ROUSH CleanTech liquid propane autogas
fuel system.
CO2 EMISSIONS:
24% LESS
PERFORMANCE:
IDENTICAL
SAVE MORE THAN
$28,000 PER VEHICLE.*
2012 Ford E-250 Cargo Van
ROUSH CleanTech Savings Calculator
Gasoline (5.4L V8)
Propane (5.4L V8)
$28,325.00
$28,325.00
Savings or
(Cost) to Convert
Capital Costs
Base Ford Vehicle Purchase Price
ROUSH CleanTech Propane Autogas Fuel System Price
$11,300.00
Federal Alternative Motor Vehicle Tax Credit (propane only)
Total Capital Savings or Investment to Convert:
$28,325.00
$39,625.00
200,000
200,000
13.0
11.1
15,385
$3.68
18,018
$2.25
$(0.50)
$1.75
$31,531.50
$(11,300.00)
Operating Costs (fuel)
Total Vehicle Life (miles)
Average Miles per Gallon**
Gallons of Fuel Used Over Life of Vehicle
Average Fuel Price (per gallon)***
+ Federal excise tax credit/gallon (propane only)
+ Adjusted Fuel Price (per gallon)
Total Fuel Savings or Cost Over Life of Vehicle:
$3.68
$56,616.80
$25,085.30
Operating Costs (misc.)
Maintenance Rate per mile (tune-ups, oil, engine life, etc.)
Maintenance Costs
Fuel Loss from Pilferage & Theft ($100 per year)
Total Misc. Savings or Costs Over Life of Vehicle:
$0.030
$0.015
$6,000.00
$3,000.00
$500.00
$0.00
$6,500.00
$3,000.00
Gross Vehicle Lifetime Savings or Loss:
$28,585.30
Net Vehicle Lifetime Savings or Loss
(minus investment to convert):
$17,285.30
$3,500.00
Assumptions:
•PropaneConversionpriceislistedatMSRP.Volumediscountsareavailable•Customerwouldbeelligiblefor$.50/gallonFederalTaxCreditbecausetheyhavetheirownfuelingstation.Pleasecheckwithtaxadvisorbefore
makinganypurchasedecision•A50%reductioninmaintenancecostsbyrunningavehicleonpropane,comparedtogasoline.AfactortheTexasRailroadCommissionusesintheircalculationswhenconsideringan
alternativefuelconversion•Gasolinepricescapturedfromhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/
*Basedonfactorsandassumptionsasdefinedinthesavingscalculatorchartpictured
**MPGratingsforgasolineandpropanevehiclesareestimates.VariationsinMPGshouldbeexpectedwhenoperatingavehiclethatistowing,hauling,orbeingdriveninvariouscity/hwyapplications
***Propanefuelpriceisanestimatebasedonyourfleetsize,notaquotedprice,andissubjecttochange
2
SeeROUSHcleantech.comforcompletewarrantydetails
uestion
uestion of
of the
the month
month
From July 2011
What are the average greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all-electric vehicles
(EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)? How do these emissions compare
to conventional vehicles?
In addition to reducing petroleum consumption,
EVs and PHEVs have the potential to reduce
pollutant emissions, resulting in environmental
and human health benefits.
Vehicle emissions can be characterized as:
•Upstream: Emissions from the production of the
vehicle fuel (e.g., electricity).
•Tailpipe: Emissions produced by a vehicle while
operating.
•Well-to-wheel: The combination of upstream and
tailpipe emissions.
EV Emissions
EVs are often referred to as “zero emission vehicles,”
meaning they do not emit any tailpipe emissions.
Therefore, the well-to-wheel GHG emissions associated
with EV operation are entirely dependent on the
source that is used to produce the electricity that
powers the vehicle. Emissions from electricity
production depend on the efficiency of the power
plant and the types of fuel sources used. Based on
the U.S. average electricity production fuel mix, the
GHG emissions are lower for an EV using electricity
generated from power plants than a vehicle running
on gasoline or diesel. If electricity is generated from
nonpolluting, renewable sources, EVs have the
potential to produce no well-to-wheel GHG emissions.
On the other hand, EVs powered by electricity
generated using coal have the potential to produce
more well-to-wheel GHG emissions than gasoline
vehicles, depending on the power source. To
determine your region’s specific fuel mix, as well
as the emissions rates of electricity based on your
zip code, see the U.S Environmental Protection
Agency’s Power Profiler. While factors such as the
time of day and season can affect which specific
power plant (and fuel mix) provides the vehicle’s
electricity, these average emissions rates help
approximate the impact of these vehicles.
PHEV Emissions
PHEVs typically operate either in all-electric mode or
using an internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric
drivetrain in a manner similar to a hybrid electric
vehicle (HEV). The emissions vary based on the percent
of time that the vehicle is in each operating mode.
When operating in all-electric mode, emissions are
considered from the source that produced the
electricity. When the vehicle’s ICE is running, both
the upstream and tailpipe emissions must be taken
into account. The tailpipe emissions will vary depending
on vehicle efficiency.
Comparing EV and PHEV Emissions to ICE
Vehicle Emissions
The following table estimates the well-to-wheel GHG
emissions associated with a 100-mile trip in four
comparable compact sedans, based on the national
average for electricity production emissions.
Vehicle
GHG Emissions (lbs of CO2 Equiv.)
EV
54 lbs CO2
PHEV
62 lbs CO2
HEV
57 lbs CO2
Convent’l Gasoline
87 lbs CO2
The Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicle Data Center
(AFDC) Compare Electricity Sources and Annual Vehicle
Emissions tool allows users to determine an estimate
for annual well-to-wheel GHG emissions for an EV,
PHEV, HEV, and conventional gasoline vehicle based
on the electricity production fuel mix in their area.
In addition, fueleconomy.gov provides annual emissions
estimates for individual vehicle models.
Please contact the Technical Response Service (TRS) with other questions, or if you have suggestions for additional resources or a
future Question of the Month.
Clean Cities Technical Response Service Team | [email protected] | 800-254-6735
31
There’s only one thing you need to worry about...
select the american,
alternative fuel you want to use...
and usE it.
Natural gas - ethanol - electricity - propane - biodiesel
don’t waste anyone’s time by decrying another
alternative - select yours, use it, and join in local
efforts to move that alternative forward.
help america truly change!
Brought to you by americaNS FOR CLEANER AMERICAn fuels, jobs and energy
independence, otherwise known as your local clean cities coalition.
32
The Flux Report
TM
What is the Rate of Return on a fleet of Natural Gas Vehicles*?
ROR
0-10%
10-30%
# of School Buses in Fleet
300
30-50%
50-70%
70-90%
90+%
Break Even
*Considering the costs of infrastructure and fuel, 150 School Buses
traveling 10,000 miles per year would reach the break even point in
the first year with a rate of return of 10-30% for the life of the project.
250
Rate of
Return
200
150
100
10%
50
0
# of Transit Buses in Fleet
300
*150 Transit Buses traveling 5,000 miles per year would not break
even within the first year.
250
50%
200
150
100
30%
50
10%
# of Garbage Trucks in Fleet
0
300
250
*50 Garbage Trucks traveling 15,000 miles per year would reach
200
the break even point in the first year with a rate of return of 30-50%
for the life of the project.
150
100
0
*using compressed natural gas
70%
50%
50
0
90%
30%
10%
5
10
15
20
25
30
Thousand Vehicle Miles Traveled per Vehicle per Year
35
Source: Business Case for Compressed Natural Gas in Municipal Fleets, NREL/TP7A247919, June 2010
© 2011 Birch Studio | experts in greentech design & branding | www.birchstudio.com/fluxreport
33
Natural Gas Vehicles Edition, 2011
Top 5 Consumer Concerns about Natural Gas Vehicles
1
Fuel Storage
2
Infrastructure for Delivery and Distribution at Fueling Stations
3
Safety
4
Conversion Costs
5
Availibility of OEM Produced NGVs
Source: Wikipedia
Relative Search Volume for Compressed Natural Gas vs. Natural Gas Vehicle
Nov 2010
Relative search volume over one year
Oct 2011
U.S. Diesel Prices
Source: Google, DOE
Top Related Search Terms For “Natural Gas Vehicle”
Size of terms indicates the relative search volume
Source: Google
34
social media
stay connected
Southeastern Coalition Websites
Alabama
Atlanta
Centralina
East Tennessee
Florida Gold Coast
Florida Space Coast
Kentucky
Middle Tennessee
Palmetto State
Triangle
Virginia
www.alabamacleanfuels.org
www.cleancitiesatlanta.net
www.4cleanfuels.com
www.etcleanfuels.org
www.floridagoldcoastcleancities.com
www.clean-cities.org
www.kentuckycleanfuels.org
www.tennesseecleanfuels.org
www.palmettocleanfuels.org
www.trianglecleancities.org
www.hrccc.org
YouTube Videos
Alabama www.youtube.com/alcleanfuels
East Tennessee www.youtube.com/etcleanfuels
Virginia www.youtube.com/virginiacleancities
35
Facebook
Clean Cities Atlanta
Alabama Clean Fuels Coalition
Kentucky Clean Fuels Coalition
Middle Georgia Clean Cities Coalition
Palmetto State Clean Fuels Coalition
Triangle Clean Cities Coalition
Virginia Clean Cities
Space Coast Clean Cities
Twitter
Alabama www.twitter.com/alcleanfuels
East Tennessee www.twitter.com/etcleanfuels
Triangle www.twitter.com/trianglealtfuel
Virginia www.twitter.com/vacleancities
Atlanta www.twitter.com/CleanCitiesATL
36

Frito-Lay Goes Electric | NG in Louisville | Green Fleet Mgmt UPS`s

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