Razas Zebuinas - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

Transcription

Razas Zebuinas - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
RAZAS ZEBUINAS
Repú
República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Cátedra de Zootecnia
Bos indicus
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Bos indicus
Bos indicus
Ø Origen y Evolución
Ø Características de Especie:
Giba, Papada y Pigmento
Ø ABCZ:
Registro: Puro Zebu, Refugos, PI, POI
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RAZAS ZEBUINAS
Características productivas del (Bos Indicus) en medios
tropicales
• Mejor adaptación que B. Taurus (calor, insectos, luz...).
• Menores necesidades de mantenimiento (400-500 kg PVA).
• Gestación más larga (290 d)
• Peso al nacimiento : 20-30 kg.
• Peso medio al destete (7 meses): 150 kg
• Peso medio de las hembras a los 2 años: 250-300 kg.
• Edad al primer parto: 3 - 4 años
• Prod. leche: 1900-3000 kg en 305 d. (6 - 10 kg./d., 5% GB).
• Intervalo medio entre parto: 14-16 meses.
Origen y Evolución
Características de Especie:
Giba, Papada y Pigmento
ABCZ. Registro. PI, POI
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GRUPOS BASICOS HINDUES
GRUPO
CARACTERISTICAS
RAZAS
I
Pelaje blanco-gris, constitución fuerte
cuernos en lira, frente ancha, orbitas
prominentes, perfil rectilíneo
Kankrej
Tharparkar
Malvi
Hissar-Hansi
Kenwarija
Kherigargh
II
Pelaje blanco o gris claro, cuernos
cortos, cráneo largo, orbitas no
prominentes, perfil ligeramente
convexo
Ongole
Hariana
Gaolão
Bachaur
Bagnari
Nagori
Mehwati (G x H)
Krishna Valley
Rath
Dubuc-Marchiani, (1991)
GRUPOS BASICOS HINDUES
GRUPO
CARACTERISTICAS
RAZAS
III
Ganado lechero, pelaje rojo-blanco
Gyr
o marrón-blanco, frente muy prominente Sahiwal
cuernos laterales
Sindhi
Nimari (Gyr x Killare)
Kenwarija
Kherigargh
IV
Ganado de tiro, compacto, mediano,
gris, pliegue inguinal poco desarrollado,
frente prominentes, cuernos grandes,
perfil convexo (Tipo Misore)
V
Ganado pequeño, rojo-blanco, manchas Sinkin o Siri
blancas frecuentes, cuernos cortos,
Lohani
escaso pliegue inguinal
Razas afganas
VI
Ganado pequeño, patas cortas, blanco
con manchas rojas, negras o castañas
Hallikar
Khillare
Kangayam
Amrat-Mahal
Dhani
(Gyr x Bagnari)
Dubuc-Marchiani, (1991)
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RAZAS ZEBUINAS
Hindues
(Ver grupos bá
básicos)
Kankrej
Tharparkar
Malvi
Kangayam
Ongole
Hariana
Khillare
Hallikar
Gyr
Brasileras
Guzerat
Nelore
Gyr
Guzerat
Nelore
Indubrasil
GUZERAT
Grupo I
Kankrej
Tharparkar
Malvi
Hissar-Hansi
Kenwarija
Kherigargh
Grupo IV
Kangayam
Khillare
Hallikar
Amrat-Mahal
Linaje Kankrej…….. Cárnico
Linaje Tharparkar … Lechero
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
•Características Raciales
Rustica y fértil
•Frente plana o cóncava
•Ojos elípticos y arrugas en la arcada suprorbitaria
prominentes
•Orejas medianas de puntas redondeadas
•Cuernos en forma de lira
•Pecho amplio, lomo recto y giba bien desarrollada
•Ombligo y prepucio son de tamaño medio.
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GUZERAT
Características Raciales
El pelaje varia de cenizo aclaro al muy oscuro,
observándose en los tercios anterior y posterior, mayor
intensidad en el color (casi negro)
No se acepta pelaje totalmente negro, amarillo o rojo,
así como presencia de pintas
Piel fina, con pelos cortos y sedosos
Las hembras muestran unas ubres bien conformadas y
son excelentes productoras de leche 6.000Kg/L
Peso vaca adulta entre 500 y 550 Kg
Peso toro entre 700 y 1000 Kg.
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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GUZERAT
GUZERAT
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NELORE
Grupo II
Ongole
Hariana
Gaolão
Bachaur
Bagnari
Nagori
Mehwati (G x H)
Krishna Valley
Rath
Grupo IV
Kangayam
Khillare
Hallikar
Amrat-Mahal
NELORE
Khillare
Hallikar
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NELORE
Khillare
Hallikar
NELORE
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NELORE
•Cara es estrecha y de perfil rectilíneo
•Se caracterizan por tener orejas cortas, dirigidas hacia
delante y a los lados igualmente presentan cuernos cortos,
firmes y de color oscuro.
•Ojos son grandes, vivos y tiene forma elíptica
•Cuerpo largo y cuello corto
•Miembros largos y musculosos
•Cañas y cuartillas fuertes
•Color predominante es el blanco sin embargo se presentan
manchas ceniza oscuro en la cabeza y en la giba, además
de manchas negras en las rodillas y junto a las pezuñas
tanto en miembros anteriores y posteriores
NELORE
Los machos con musculatura compacta, las hembras menor
desarrollo muscular
Los machos tienen prepucio corto y las hembras presentan
ubres pequeñas.
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NELORE
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NELORE
NELORE
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NELORE
NELORE
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NELORE
NELORE
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NELORE
NELORE
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NELORE
NELORE
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NELORE
NELORE
Brahman x Nelore
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TABAPUA
TABAPUA
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GYR
GYR
Frente muy amplia y ultra convexa
Los cuernos son gruesos, caídos y dirigidos hacia
atrás, algo hacia afuera y con curvatura hacia
arriba.
Orejas muy largas, pendulosas acartuchadas
Tamaño mediano, con cuerpo bien proporcionado,
El prepucio, ombligo y papada muy desarrollados
y pronunciados
Piel pigmentada colgante y floja.
Pelaje varía del rojo castaño al blanco,
entremezclado con negro y rojo.
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GYR
El color típico es blanco moteado de rojo
El cuello es corto y grueso en los toros, y fino en
las vacas. La giba es grande y en forma de riñón.
El dorso y el lomo son anchos y horizontales
Ubres de buen tamaño, con pezones medianos o
grandes
Peso al nacer 20 a 25 Kg
Peso Macho 750 kg.
Producción 6.000 Kg. de leche/L
GYR
Caju de Brasilia B58
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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GYR
Marco de Brasilia
# 3902
reg 119 Y
Nac: 17.agosto.1993
Caxangá de Brasilia 3937
Vale Ouro de Brasilia A6796
Halenia de Brasilia L27186.188 Kg
Caju de Brasilia B58
Darlan de Brasilia 9023
Salina de Brasilia U49005.094 Kg
Nativa de Brasilia P7470 5.693 Kg
Hindostan imp. 7098
Rajastan de Brasilia A3226
Jacutinga de Brasilia O87154.415 Kg
Gilete TE de Brasilia X96017.252 Kg
Bravio de Brasilia 5527
Opalina de Brasilia R14455.442 Kg
Fabina A Brasilia M6492 3.663 Kg
GYR
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GYR
GYR
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INDUBRASIL
Gyr
Guzerat
Nelore
INDUBRASIL
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INDUBRASIL
Frente ancha lisa y sobresaliente
Ojos elípticos, entrecerrados,
protegidos por arrugas de piel
pestañas
negras,
bien
Orejas son largas pendulares acartuchadas
Los cuernos son de tamaño medio oscuro, dirigidos hacia
atrás y arriba
Pelaje fino corto y sedoso varía de color gris claro a medio
Cuello es de tamaño medio, musculoso y de implantación
armónica con el tronco
Tronco es largo con buena profundidad y amplitu
INDUBRASIL
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INDUBRASIL
INDUBRASIL
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INDUBRASIL
INDUBRASIL
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INDUBRASIL
INDUBRASIL
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INDUBRASIL
SAHIWAL
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SINDHI
SINDHI
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SINDHI
SINDHI
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SINDHI
SINDHI
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SINDHI
SINDHI
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SINDHI
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SINDHI
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SINDHI
SINDHI
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BRAHMAN
BRAHMAN
Cabeza ancha, perfil recto,
Cuernos son cortos, medianamente gruesos y dirigidos hacia atrás y hacia
fuera
Orejas medianas
Se caracteriza por su giba bien desarrollada, inclusive en las hembras.
Tronco es cilíndrico con caderas amplias y musculosas, ancas ligeramente
inclinadas
Cola de inserción alta y fina en la extremidad.
Peso animal adulto macho es de 800 a 1100 kg.
Peso para la hebra 450 a 600 kg.
La ubre es bien desarrollada, con pezones bien dispuestos, revelando
capacidad lechera.
Pelaje predominante blanco o rojo, especialmente en las hembras; aunque
el color ceniza, sobre todo en la parte anterior del cuerpo, en el cuello y
hasta en la giba, es muy frecuente.
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BRAHMAN
BRAHMAN
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BRAHMAN
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BRAHMAN
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