Essentials of Adobe Flash

Transcription

Essentials of Adobe Flash
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Contents
Articles
Adobe Flash
1
Action Message Format
14
ActionScript
16
ActionScrip 3
26
ActionScript code protection
26
Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder
31
Adobe Shockwave
34
Sandro Corsaro
37
FHTML
38
Fdb
39
Flash Chart
39
Flash Gallery
41
Adobe Flash Lite
42
Flash MP3 Player
45
Adobe Flash Player
47
Flash Video
54
Flash animation
59
Flash intro
64
FusionCharts
64
FutureSplash Animator
66
FutureWave Software
67
GameSWF
68
Gnash
69
JStart
72
Joe Paradise
73
Jugglor
75
Local Shared Object
76
MTASC
80
Magic gopher
81
Ming library
82
Open Dialect
83
Real Time Messaging Protocol
84
SWF2EXE Software
87
SWFFit
89
SWFObject
90
SWFTools
92
SWX Format
93
Scalable Inman Flash Replacement
94
Screensaver Creator
96
SWF
97
Swfdec
100
swfmill
101
Toufee
102
References
Article Sources and Contributors
104
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
107
Article Licenses
License
108
Adobe Flash
1
Adobe Flash
Developer(s)
Adobe Systems (formerly by Macromedia)
Written in
C++
Operating
system
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris, Symbian, Windows Mobile
Type
Multimedia
License
Proprietary EULA
Website
Adobe Flash Platform Homepage
[1]
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity
to web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements and games. More recently, it has been positioned as a tool
for the so-called "Rich Internet Application" ("RIA").
Flash manipulates vector and raster graphics to provide animation of text, drawings, and still images. It supports
bidirectional streaming of audio and video, and it can capture user input via mouse, keyboard, microphone, and
camera. Flash contains an Object-oriented language called ActionScript.
Flash content may be displayed on various computer systems and devices, using Adobe Flash Player, which is
available free for common web browsers, some mobile phones and a few other electronic devices (using Flash Lite).
History
Originally acquired by Macromedia, Flash was introduced in 1996, and is currently developed and distributed by
Adobe Systems. The precursor to the Flash application was SmartSketch, a drawing application for pen computers
running the PenPoint OS developed by Jonathan Gay, who began working on it in college and extended the idea for
Silicon Beach Software and its successors.[2] [3] When PenPoint failed in the marketplace, SmartSketch was ported to
Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. With the Internet becoming more popular, SmartSketch was re-released as
FutureSplash, a vector-based web animation in competition with Macromedia Shockwave. In 1995, SmartSketch
was further modified with frame-by-frame animation features and re-released as FutureSplash Animator on multiple
platforms.[4] The product was offered to Adobe and used by Microsoft in its early work with the Internet (MSN). In
1996, FutureSplash was acquired by Macromedia and released as Flash, contracting "Future" and "Splash".
Format
Flash files are in the SWF format, traditionally called "ShockWave Flash" movies, "Flash movies," or "Flash
games", usually have a .swf file extension, and may be used in the form of a Web-page plug-in, strictly "played" in a
standalone Flash Player, or incorporated into a self-executing Projector movie (with the .exe extension in Microsoft
Windows). Flash Video files[5] have a .flv file extension and are either used from within .swf files or played through
a flv-aware player, such as VLC, or QuickTime and Windows Media Player with external codecs added.
The use of vector graphics combined with program code allows Flash files to be smaller — and thus for streams to
use less bandwidth — than the corresponding bitmaps or video clips. For content in a single format (such as just text,
video, or audio), other alternatives may provide better performance and consume less CPU power than the
corresponding Flash movie, for example when using transparency or making large screen updates such as
photographic or text fades.
Adobe Flash
2
In addition to a vector-rendering engine, the Flash Player includes a virtual machine called the ActionScript Virtual
Machine (AVM) for scripting interactivity at run-time, support for video, MP3-based audio, and bitmap graphics. As
of Flash Player 8, it offers two video codecs: On2 Technologies VP6 and Sorenson Spark, and run-time support for
JPEG, Progressive JPEG, PNG, and GIF. In the next version, Flash is slated to use a just-in-time compiler for the
ActionScript engine.
Flash Player is a browser plugin, and cannot run within a usual e-mail client, such as Outlook. Instead, a link must
open a browser window. A Gmail labs feature allows playback of YouTube videos linked in emails.
Flash Video
Until the advent of HTML5, getting browsers to display video was a platform-specific issue, due to lack of a Web
standard for video and a common video codec, so developers employed Flash's proprietary technology, which makes
multimedia embedded in this way either unavailable or notoriously difficult to access for those without the Flash
Player.
A web standard for video is in development for HTML 5.
Flash Audio
Flash Audio is most commonly encoded in MP3 or AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) however it does also support
ADPCM, Nellymoser (Nellymoser Asao Codec) and Speex audio codecs. Flash allows sample rates of
11,22,44.1 kHz. It does not support 48 kHz audio sample rate which is the standard Tv, DVD sample rate.
On August 20, 2007, Adobe announced on its blog that with Update 3 of Flash Player 9, Flash Video will also
support some parts of the MPEG-4 international standards.[6] Specifically, Flash Player will have support for video
compressed in H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10), audio compressed using AAC (MPEG-4 Part 3), the F4V, MP4 (MPEG-4
Part 14), M4V, M4A, 3GP and MOV multimedia container formats, 3GPP Timed Text specification (MPEG-4 Part
17) which is a standardized subtitle format and partial parsing support for the 'ilst' atom which is the ID3 equivalent
iTunes uses to store metadata. MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.263 will not be supported in F4V file format. Adobe also
announced that they will be gradually moving away from the FLV format to the standard ISO base media file format
(MPEG-4 Part 12) owing to functional limits with the FLV structure when streaming H.264. The final release of the
Flash Player supporting some parts of MPEG-4 standards had become available in Fall 2007.[7]
Authoring tools
Adobe Flash CS5 Professional (11.0.0.485) under Windows 7.
Developer(s)
Written in
C++
Operating
system
Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X
Type
Multimedia
Adobe Flash
3
License
Proprietary EULA
Website
Adobe Flash Professional Homepage
[8]
The Adobe Flash Professional multimedia authoring program is used to create content for the Adobe Engagement
Platform, such as web applications, games and movies, and content for mobile phones and other embedded devices.
History
Release
Description
Year
FutureSplash
Animator
1996
initial version of Flash with basic editing tools and a timeline
Macromedia
Flash 1
1996
Macromedia
Flash 2
1997
Macromedia
Flash 3
1998 Released with Flash Player 3, new features included: the movieclip element, JavaScript
plug-in integration, transparency and an external stand alone player
Macromedia
Flash 4
1999 Released with Flash Player 4, new features included: internal variables, an input field,
advanced ActionScript, and streaming MP3
Macromedia
Flash 5
2000 Released with Flash Player 5, new features included: ActionScript 1.0 (based on
ECMAScript, making it very similar to JavaScript in syntax), XML support, Smartclips (the
precursor to components in Flash), HTML text formatting added for dynamic text
Macromedia
Flash MX
2002 Released with Flash Player 6, new features included: a video codec (Sorenson Spark),
Unicode, v1 UI Components, compression, ActionScript vector drawing API
Macromedia
Flash MX
2004
2003 Released with Flash Player 7, new features included: Actionscript 2.0 (which enabled an
object-oriented programming model for Flash, although it lacked the Script assist function of
other versions, meaning Actionscript could only be typed out manually), behaviors,
extensibility layer (JSAPI), alias text support, timeline effects. Macromedia Flash MX
Professional 2004 included all Flash MX 2004 features, plus: Screens (forms for non-linear
state-based development and slides for organizing content in a linear slide format like
PowerPoint), web services integration, video import wizard, Media Playback components
(which encapsulate a complete MP3 and/or FLV player in a component that may be placed in
an SWF), Data components (DataSet, XMLConnector, WebServicesConnector,
XUpdateResolver, etc.) and data binding APIs, the Project Panel, v2 UI components, and
Transition class libraries.
Macromedia
Flash 8
2005 Macromedia Flash Basic 8, a less feature-rich version of the Flash authoring tool targeted at
new users who only want to do basic drawing, animation and interactivity. Released with
Flash Player 8, this version of the product has limited support for video and advanced
graphical and animation effects. Macromedia Flash Professional 8 added features focused on
expressiveness, quality, video, and mobile authoring. New features included Filters and blend
modes, easing control for animation, enhanced stroke properties (caps and joins), object-based
drawing mode, run-time bitmap caching, FlashType advanced anti-aliasing for text, On2 VP6
advanced video codec, support for alpha transparency in video, a stand-alone encoder and
advanced video importer, cue point support in FLV files, an advanced video playback
component, and an interactive mobile device emulator.
a Macromedia re-branded version of the FutureSplash Animator
Released with Flash Player 2, new features included: the object library
Adobe Flash
4
Adobe Flash
CS3
Professional
2007 Flash CS3 is the first version of Flash released under the Adobe name. CS3 features full
support for ActionScript 3.0, allows entire applications to be converted into ActionScript,
adds better integration with other Adobe products such as Adobe Photoshop, and also
provides better Vector drawing behavior, becoming more like Adobe Illustrator and Adobe
Fireworks.
Adobe Flash
CS4
Professional
2008 Contains inverse kinematics (bones), basic 3D object manipulation, object-based animation, a
text engine, and further expansions to ActionScript 3.0. CS4 allows the developer to create
animations with many features absent in previous versions.
Adobe Flash
CS5
Professional
2010 Flash CS5 was released on April 12, 2010 and launched for trialling and normal buying on
April 30, 2010. Flash CS5 Professional includes support for publishing iPhone applications.[9]
However, on April 8, 2010 Apple changed the terms of its Developer License to effectively
ban the use of the Flash-to-iPhone compiler[10] and on April 20, 2010 Adobe announced that
they will be making no additional investments in targeting the iPhone and iPad in Flash
CS5.[11] Other features of Flash CS5 are a new text engine (TLF), further improvement to
inverse kinematics, and the Code Snippets panel.
Third-party tools
Open Source projects like Ajax Animator [12] and the (now defunct) UIRA aim to create a flash development
environment, complete with a graphical user environment. Alternatively, programs such as swfmill, SWFTools, and
MTASC provide tools to create SWF files, but do so by compiling text, actionscript or XML files into Flash
animations. It is also possible to create SWF files programmatically using the Ming library, which has interfaces for
C, PHP, C++, Perl, Python, and Ruby. haXe is an open source, high-level object-oriented programming language
geared towards web-content creation that can compile Flash files.
Many shareware developers produced Flash creation tools and sold them for under US$50 between 2000 and 2002.
In 2003 competition and the emergence of free Flash creation tools had driven many third-party Flash-creation
tool-makers out of the market, allowing the remaining developers to raise their prices, although many of the products
still cost less than US$100 and support ActionScript. As for open source tools, KToon can edit vectors and generate
SWF, but its interface is very different from Macromedia's. Another, more recent example of a Flash creation tool is
SWiSH Max made by an ex-employee of Macromedia. Toon Boom Technologies also sells a traditional animation
tool, based on Flash.
In addition, several programs create .swf-compliant files as output from their programs. Among the most famous of
these are Screencast tools, which leverage the ability to do lossless compression and playback of captured screen
content in order to produce demos, tutorials, or software simulations of programs. These programs are typically
designed for use by non-programmers, and create Flash content quickly and easily, but cannot actually edit the
underlying Flash code (i.e. the tweening and transforms, etc.) Screencam is perhaps the oldest screencasting
authoring tool to adopt Flash as the preferred output format, having been developed since the mid-90s. That
screencasting programs have adopted Flash as the preferred output is testament to Flash's presence as a ubiquitous
cross-platform animation file format.
Other tools are focused on creating specific types of Flash content. Anime Studio is a 2D animation software
package specialized for character animation which creates SWF files. Express Animator is similarly aimed
specifically at animators. Question Writer publishes its quizzes to Flash file format.
Users who are not programmers or web designers will also find on-line tools that allow them to build full
Flash-based web sites. One of the oldest services available (1998) is FlashToGo [13]. Such companies provide a wide
variety of pre-built models (templates) associated to a Content Management System that empowers users to easily
build, edit and publish their web sites. Other sites, that allows for greater customization and design flexibility are
Wix.com and CirclePad.
Adobe Flash
Adobe wrote a software package called Adobe LiveMotion, designed to create interactive animation content and
export it to a variety of formats, including SWF. LiveMotion went through two major releases, but failed to gain any
notable user base.
In February 2003, Macromedia purchased Presedia, which had developed a Flash authoring tool that automatically
converted PowerPoint files into Flash. Macromedia subsequently released the new product as Breeze, which
included many new enhancements. In addition, (as of version 2) Apple's Keynote presentation software also allows
users to create interactive presentations and export to SWF.
Installed user base
Flash as a format has become very widespread on the desktop market and created a market dominance. General web
statistics company estimates availability at 95%,[14] while Adobe claims that 98 percent of US Web users and 99.3
percent of all Internet desktop users have the Flash Player installed,[15] [16] with 92%-95%[17] (depending on region)
having the latest version. Numbers vary depending on the detection scheme and research demographics.
The Adobe Flash Player exists for a variety of systems and devices: Windows, Mac OS 9/X, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX,
Pocket PC/Windows CE, OS/2, QNX, Symbian, Palm OS, BeOS, and IRIX, although the performance is typically
best on Windows (see Performance). For compatibility with devices (embedded systems), see Macromedia Flash
Lite.
Among mobile devices, Flash has less penetration because of Apple's policy of not bundling or allowing third party
runtimes. The iPhone has captured more than 60% of global smartphone web traffic, and the iPod touch makes up
more than 95% of all "Mobile Internet Device" traffic. This severely impairs Adobe's ability to market Flash as being
a ubiquitous mobile platform. However, Flash support has been announced for a number of competing mobile
platforms, including the next version of Android.[18]
64-bit support
Adobe provides an experimental 64-bit build of Flash Player 10. It is only for Linux, and only for x86-64
processors.[19] [20] The first release of a 64-bit Adobe Flash Player was on November 11, 2008.[21]
Adobe decided to support 64-bit Linux due to numerous requests[19] . Although it is possible to run 32-bit browser
plugins in a 32-bit browser on a 64-bit system, alternatively by using an intermediate layer between browser and
plugin (such as nspluginwrapper), the solution was impractical for users.[22] Adobe expects final 64-bit support for
Windows, Macintosh and Linux in an upcoming major release of Adobe Flash Player.[19] The official 32-bit player is
still distributed in 64-bit Linux distributions e.g. Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, of which some users have reported problems
with the 32-bit player on some websites.[23] [24] [25] Affected users can install the 64-bit player manually.[26]
Flash blocking in web browsers
Some web browsers default to not play Flash content before the user clicks on it, e.g. Konqueror, K-Meleon.
Equivalent "Flash blocker" extensions also exist for many popular browsers: Firefox has NoScript and Flashblock,
Opera has an extension also called Flashblock. Using Opera Turbo requires user clicks to play flash content. Internet
Explorer has Foxie, which contains a number of features, one of them also named Flashblock. WebKit-based
browsers under Mac OS X have ClickToFlash.[27]
5
Adobe Flash
6
Related file formats and extensions
Explanation
Extension
.swf
.swf files are completed, compiled and published files that cannot be edited with Adobe Flash. However, many '.swf decompilers' do exist. Attempting to
import .swf files using Flash allows it to retrieve some assets from the .swf, but not all.
.FXG
.fla
FXG is an unified xml file format being developed by Adobe for Flex, Flash, Photoshop and other applications.
.fla files contain source material for the Flash application. Flash authoring software can edit FLA files and compile them into .swf files. The Flash source
file format is currently a binary file format based on the Microsoft Compound File Format. In Flash Pro CS5, the fla file format is a zip container of an
XML-based project structure.
.xfl
.xfl files are XML-based project files that are equivalent to the binary .fla format. Flash authoring software uses XFL as an exchange format in Flash CS4. It
imports XFL files that are exported from InDesign and AfterEffects. In Flash Pro CS5, the xfl file is a key file which opens the "uncompressed FLA" file,
which is a hierarchy of folders containing XML and binary files.
.as
.as files contain ActionScript source code in simple source files. FLA files can also contain Actionscript code directly, but separate external .as files often
emerge for structural reasons, or to expose the code to versioning applications. They sometimes use the extension .actionscript
.mxml
.mxml files are used in conjunction with ActionScript files (and .css files), and offer a markup-language-style syntax (like HTML) for designing the GUI in
Flex. Each MXML file creates a new class that extends the class of the root tag, and adds the nested tags as children (if they are descendants of
UIComponent) or members of the class.
.swd
.swd files are temporary debugging files used during Flash development. Once finished developing a Flash project these files are not needed and can be
removed.
.asc
.asc files contain Server-Side ActionScript, which is used to develop efficient and flexible client-server Macromedia Flash Communication Server MX
applications.
.abc
.abc files contain actionscript bytecode used by the Actionscript Virtual Machine AVM (Flash 8 and prior), and AVM2 (Flash 9 or later).
.flv
.flv files are Flash video files, as created by Adobe Flash, ffmpeg, Sorenson Squeeze, or On2 Flix. The audio and video data within FLV files are encoded in
the same way as they are within SWF files.
.f4v
.f4v files are similar to MP4 files and can be played back by Flash Player 9 Update 3 and above. F4V file format is second container format for Flash video
[28] [29]
and it differs from FLV file format. It is based on the ISO base media file format.
.f4p
.f4a
.f4b
.swc
[29]
.f4p files are F4V files with digital rights management.
[29]
.f4a files are F4V files that contain only audio streams.
[29]
.f4b files are F4V audio book files.
.swc files are used for distributing components; they contain a compiled clip, the component's ActionScript class file, and other files that describe the
component.
.jsfl
.jsfl files are used to add functionality in the Flash Authoring environment; they contain JavaScript code and access the Flash JavaScript API.
.swt
.swt files are 'templatized' forms of .swf files, used by Macromedia Generator
.flp
.flp files are XML files used to reference all the document files contained in a Flash Project. Flash Projects allow the user to group multiple, related files
together to assist in Flash project organization, compilation and build.
.spl
.spl files are FutureSplash documents.
.aso
.aso files are cache files used during Flash development, containing compiled ActionScript byte code. An ASO file is recreated when a change in its
corresponding class files is detected. Occasionally the Flash IDE does not recognize that a recompile is necessary, and these cache files must be deleted
manually. They are located in %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash8\en\Configuration\Classes\aso on Win32 / Flash8.
.sol
.sol files are created by Adobe Flash Player to hold Local Shared Objects (data stored on the system running the Flash player).
Adobe Flash
Competition
Microsoft Silverlight
In recent years, Microsoft Silverlight has emerged as a strong competitor to Flash. While not yet as prevalent on web
sites as Flash, Silverlight has been used to provide video streaming for many high profile events, including the 2008
Summer Olympics in Beijing,[30] the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver,[31] and the 2008 conventions for both
major political parties in the United States.[32] Silverlight is also used by Netflix for its instant video streaming
service.[33]
Open standard alternatives
The W3C's SVG and SMIL standards are seen as the closest competitors of Flash.[34] Adobe formerly developed and
distributed the 'Adobe SVG Viewer' client plug-in for MS Internet Explorer, but discontinued support and
distribution on January 1, 2009.[35] It has been noted by industry commentators that this was probably no
coincidence at a time when Adobe moved from competing with Macromedia's Flash to owning the technology
itself.[36] Meanwhile, Opera has supported SVG since version 8 and Safari has since version 3,[37] and Mozilla
Firefox's built-in support for SVG continues to grow.[38] [39]
UIRA was a free software project that intended to become a complete replacement for Adobe Flash. The project
collapsed in mid 2007, though people are now discussing reviving or continuing it,[40] and a few other projects like
Ajax Animator [12] still exist.
HTML 5 is gaining ground as a competitor to Flash: the canvas element enables animation, and scripting can be
synchronized with audio and video element timeupdate events.
Third-party implementation
Specifications
In October 1998, Macromedia disclosed the Flash Version 3 Specification to the world on its website. It did this in
response to many new and often semi-open formats competing with SWF, such as Xara's Flare and Sharp's Extended
Vector Animation formats. Several developers quickly created a C library for producing SWF. In February 1999, the
company introduced MorphInk 99, the first third-party program to create SWF files. Macromedia also hired
Middlesoft to create a freely available developers' kit for the SWF file format versions 3 to 5.
Macromedia made the Flash Files specifications for versions 6 and later available only under a non-disclosure
agreement, but they are widely available from various sites.
In April 2006, the Flash SWF file format specification was released with details on the then newest version format
(Flash 8). Although still lacking specific information on the incorporated video compression formats (On2, Sorenson
Spark, etc.), this new documentation covered all the new features offered in Flash v8 including new ActionScript
commands, expressive filter controls, and so on. The file format specification document is offered only to developers
who agree to a license agreement that permits them to use the specifications only to develop programs that can
export to the Flash file format. The license forbids the use of the specifications to create programs that can be used
for playback of Flash files. The Flash 9 specification was made available under similar restrictions.[41]
In June 2009, Adobe launched the Open Screen Project (Adobe link [42]), which made the SWF specification
available without restrictions. Previously, developers couldn't use the specification for making SWF-compatible
players, but only for making SWF-exporting authoring software. The specification still omits information on codecs
such as Sorenson Spark, however.[43]
7
Adobe Flash
Playback
Since Flash files do not depend on an open standard such as SVG, this reduces the incentive for non-commercial
software to support the format, although there are several third party tools which use and generate the SWF file
format. Flash Player cannot ship as part of a pure open source, or completely free operating system, as its
distribution is bound to the Macromedia Licensing Program [44] and subject to approval.
There is, as of late 2008, no complete free software replacement which offers all the functionality of the latest
version of Adobe Flash Player.
Gnash is an active project that aims to create a free player and browser plugin for the Adobe Flash file format and so
provide a free alternative to the Adobe Flash Player under the GNU General Public License. Despite potential patent
worries because of the proprietary nature of the files involved,[45] Gnash supports most SWF v7 features and some
SWF v8 and v9.[46] [47] Gnash runs on Windows, Linux and other operating systems on 32-bit, 64-bit and other
architectures.
Swfdec is another open-source flash player available for Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. See also SWFOpener.
Scaleform GFx is a commercial alternative Flash player that features full hardware acceleration using the GPU and
has high conformance up to Flash 8 and AS2. Scaleform GFx is licensed as a game middleware solution and used by
many PC and console 3D games for user interfaces, HUDs, mini games, and video playback.
rtmpdump [48] is an open source software implementation of an RTMP client, Flash's own streaming protocol.
rtmpdump was removed from Sourceforge on request by Adobe.[49]
flvstreamer [50] is an open source software implementation of an RTMP client, Flash's own streaming protocol. It is a
fork of rtmpdump which has all the cryptographic support (i.e. RTMPE and SWF verification) removed from the
code.
Critcism
Security
Of the 321 holes Symantec documented in 2009 affecting browser plug-ins, 134 were for ActiveX technologies, 84
were for Java SE (Standard Edition), 49 were for Adobe Reader, 27 were for QuickTime, 23 were for Adobe Flash
Player, and 4 for Firefox extensions.[51]
Flash's security record[52] has caused several security experts to recommend to not install Flash or to block it[53] .
The US-CERT recommends to block Flash using NoScript[54] . Charlie Miller recommended "not to install Flash"[55]
at the computer security conference CanSecWest. As of March 27, 2010, The Flash Player has 75 CVE entries[56] ,
34 of which have been ranked with a high severity (leading to arbitrary code execution), and 40 ranked medium. In
February 2010, Adobe officially apologized[57] for not fixing a known crash for over 1 year.
Symantec's Internet Security Threat Report[58] states that a remote code execution in Adobe Reader and Flash
Player[59] was the second most attacked vulnerability in 2009. The same report also recommends to employ browser
add-ons to wherever possible to disable Adobe Flash Player when visiting untrusted sites. McAfee predicts that
Adobe software, especially Reader and Flash, will be the primary target for attacks in 2010[60] . Adobe applications
had already become the most popular client-software targets for attackers during the last quarter of 2009[61] .
Local Shared Objects ("Flash cookies")
Like the HTTP cookie, a flash cookie (also known as Local Shared Object) can be used to save application data.
Flash cookies are not shared across domains. An August 2009 study by the Social Science Research Network found
that 50% of websites using Flash were also employing flash cookies, yet privacy policies rarely disclosed them, and
user controls for privacy preferences were lacking.[62] Most browsers' cache and history suppress or delete functions
do not affect Flash Player's writing Local Shared Objects to its own cache, and the user community is much less
8
Adobe Flash
9
aware of the existence and function of Flash cookies than HTTP cookies[63] . Thus, users having deleted HTTP
cookies and purged browser history files and caches may believe that they have purged all tracking data from their
computers when in fact Flash browsing history remains. Adobe's own Flash Website Storage Settings panel [64], a
submenu of Adobe's Flash Settings Manager web application [65], and other editors and toolkits can manage settings
for and delete Flash Local Shared Objects[66] .
Performance
• Any Flash player has to be able to animate on top of video renderings, which makes hardware accelerated video
rendering at least not as straightforward as with a purpose built multimedia player.[67] Therefore, even when only
displaying video, Flash players are more resource intensive than dedicated video player software.
• Comparisons have shown Adobe Flash Player to perform better on Windows than Mac OSX and Linux with the
same hardware.[68] [69]
Accessibility
Using Flash tends to break conventions associated with normal HTML pages. Selecting text, scrolling,[70] form
control and right-clicking act differently than with a regular HTML webpage. Many such interface unexpectancies
are fixable by the designer. Usability expert Jakob Nielsen published an Alertbox in 2000 entitled, Flash: 99% Bad
which listed issues like this.[71] Some problems have been improved upon since Nielsen's complaints:
• Text size can be controlled using full page zoom, found in many modern browsers.
• It has been possible for authors to include alternative text in Flash since Flash Player 6. This accessibility feature
is compatible only with certain screen readers and only under Windows.[72]
The US Justice Department has stated in regard to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990:[73]
Covered entities under the ADA are required to provide effective communication, regardless of whether
they generally communicate through print media, audio media, or computerized media such as the
Internet. Covered entities that use the Internet for communications regarding their programs, goods, or
services must be prepared to offer those communications through accessible means as well.
Open web versus proprietary plugins
The proprietary nature of Flash is a concern to advocates of open
standards and free software. Its widespread use has, according to some
such observers, harmed the otherwise open nature of the World Wide
Web.[74] A response may be seen in Adobe's Open Screen Project.
Representing the free software movement, Richard Stallman stated in a
speech in October 2004 that:[75]
The use of Flash in websites is a major problem for our
community.
A website of the popular company, as seen by the
Stallman's argument then was that no free players were comparatively
visitor using the system without the proper Flash
plugin support.
good enough. As of February 2010, Gnash and Swfdec have seen very
limited success in competing with Adobe's player. Many important and
popular websites require users to have a Flash player, sometimes with no fallback for non-Flash web users.
Therefore, the lack of a good free Flash player is arguably an obstacle to enjoying the web with free software, and
the aforementioned ubiquity of Flash makes the problem very evident for anyone who tries. The continual high
ranking of Gnash on the Free Software Foundation's list of high priority projects[76] might indicate the severity of the
problem, as judged by the free software community.
Adobe Flash
Recent developments
Adobe Labs (previously called Macromedia Labs) is a source for news and pre-release versions of emerging
products and technologies from Adobe. Most innovations, such as Flash 9, Flex 3, and ActionScript 3.0 have all been
discussed and/or trialled on the site.
One area Adobe is focusing on (as of February 2009) is the deployment of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). To this
end, they released Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR), a cross-platform runtime environment which can be used to
build, using Adobe Flash, rich Internet applications that can be deployed as a desktop application. It recently
surpassed 100 million installations worldwide.[77] . This is mainly due to the fact that it is installed silently when
Acrobat Reader is installed. Many users are unaware of its residence on their system.
Two additional components designed for large-scale implementation have been proposed by Adobe for future
releases of Flash: first, the option to require an ad to be played in full before the main video piece is played; and
second, the integration of digital rights management (DRM) capabilities. This way Adobe can give companies the
option to link an advertisement with content and make sure that both are played and remain unchanged.[78] The
current status of these two projects is unclear.
Flash Player for smart phones is expected to be available to handset manufacturers at the end of 2009.[79]
Open Screen Project
On May 1, 2008 Adobe announced Open Screen Project, which hopes to provide a consistent application interface
across devices such as personal computers, mobile devices and consumer electronics.[80] When the project was
announced, several goals were outlined: the abolition of licensing fees for Adobe Flash Player and Adobe Integrated
Runtime, the removal of restrictions on the use of the Shockwave Flash (SWF) and Flash Video (FLV) file format,
the publishing of application programming interfaces for porting Flash to new devices and the publishing of The
Flash Cast protocol and Action Message Format (AMF), which let Flash applications receive information from
remote databases.[80]
As of February 2009, the specifications removing the restrictions on the use of SWF and FLV/F4V specs have been
published.[81] The Flash Cast protocol—now known as the Mobile Content Delivery Protocol—and AMF protocols
have also been made available,[81] with AMF available as an open source implementation, BlazeDS. Work on the
device porting layers is in the early stages. Adobe intends to remove the licensing fees for Flash Player and Adobe
AIR for devices at their release for the Open Screen Project.
The list of mobile device providers who have joined the project includes Palm, Motorola and Nokia,[82] who,
together with Adobe, have announced a $10 million Open Screen Project fund.[83]
See also
Adobe Flash
•
•
•
•
•
SWF file format, the files generated by the Flash application and played by Flash Player.
ActionScript
Adobe Flash Player, the runtime that executes and plays back Flash movies.
Adobe Flash Lite, a lightweight version of Flash Player for devices that lack the resources to run regular Flash
movies such as mobile phones, some laptop computers and other portable devices.
• Flash Video
• Saffron Type System, the anti-aliased text-rendering engine used in version 8 onwards.
• Local Shared Object
• SWFObject, a JavaScript library used to embed Flash content into webpages.
• Flash CMS, content management for Flash content.
10
Adobe Flash
Other
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ogg Theora in HTML 5
HTML5 video
JavaFX
OpenLaszlo
Synfig
External links
• Adobe Flash Platform Blog [84] - official news channel about Adobe Flash
• Adobe Flash for MS WinXP/Vista and Mac OS X [85]
• Flash plug-in for MS Windows 9x / Macintosh OSX 10.1-10.3 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 and 4 [86]
Communities
• Adobe's Flash Forum [87]
• FlexFlashForum.com - Flash Forum [88]
• Actionscript.org - Community Resource / Tutorials [89]
References
[1] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ flashplatform/
[2] Waldron, Rick (2006-08-27). "The Flash History" (http:/ / www. flashmagazine. com/ 413. htm). Flashmagazine. . Retrieved 2001-06-18.
[3] Gay, Jonathan (2001). "The History of Flash" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ macromedia/ events/ john_gay/ page02. html). Adobe Systems Inc..
. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[4] "Grandmasters of Flash: An Interview with the Creators of Flash" (http:/ / coldhardflash. com/ 2008/ 02/
grandmasters-of-flash-an-interview-with-the-creators-of-flash. html). ColdHardFlash.com. . Retrieved 2008-02-12.
[5] FLV and F4V Video File Format Specification Version 9 (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flv/ pdf/ video_file_format_spec_v9. pdf)
F4V is based on ISO base media file format standard: freely available ISO standards (http:/ / standards. iso. org/ ittf/
PubliclyAvailableStandards/ c051533_ISO_IEC_14496-12_2008. zip), and also available via subscription (http:/ / www. iso. org/ iso/
catalogue_detail?csnumber=41828)
[6] "What just happened to video on the web" (http:/ / www. kaourantin. net/ 2007/ 08/ what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20. html). Adobe. .
[7] Adobe Press release on MPEG-4 support in Flash Player 9 (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200708/
082107FlashPlayer. html)
[8] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flash/ flashpro/
[9] "Adobe Labs - Adobe Flash Professional CS5: Applications for iPhone" (http:/ / labs. adobe. com/ technologies/ flashcs5/ appsfor_iphone/ ).
Adobe. . Retrieved 2010-03-02.
[10] "New iPhone Developer Agreement Bans the Use of Adobe’s Flash-to-iPhone Compiler" (http:/ / daringfireball. net/ 2010/ 04/
iphone_agreement_bans_flash_compiler). Daring Fireball. . Retrieved 2010-04-22.
[11] "On Adobe, Flash CS5 and iPhone Applications" (http:/ / www. mikechambers. com/ blog/ 2010/ 04/ 20/
on-adobe-flash-cs5-and-iphone-applications/ ). Mike Chambers. . Retrieved 2010-04-22.
[12] http:/ / osflash. org/ ajaxanimator
[13] http:/ / www. flashtogo. com/
[14] "Web Browser Plugin Market Share" (http:/ / statowl. com/ plugin_overview. php). StatOwl. . Retrieved 2009-08-18.
[15] 98%: NPD study (http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ software/ player_census/ npd/ )
[16] 99.3%: Millward Brown survey, conducted June 2009. "Flash Player Statistics" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ player_census/
flashplayer/ ). Adobe Systems. . Retrieved 2009-06-04.
[17] "Adobe Flash Player Version Penetration" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ player_census/ flashplayer/ version_penetration. html).
Adobe Systems. . Retrieved 2009-06-04.
[18] "Andy Rubin says Flash is coming in Froyo version of Android operating system" (http:/ / www. androidcentral. com/
andy-rubin-says-flash-coming-froyo-version-android-operating-system)
[19] http:/ / labs. adobe. com/ technologies/ flashplayer10/ faq. html
[20] http:/ / blogs. adobe. com/ penguin. swf/ 2008/ 11/
[21] Huang, Emmy (2008-11-17). "SWF 10 spec available AND Flash Player alpha for 64-bit Linux on Labs" (http:/ / weblogs. macromedia.
com/ emmy/ archives/ 2008/ 11/ swf_10_spec_available_and_flash_player_alpha_for_64-bit_linux_on_labs. html). Adobe Systems. .
11
Adobe Flash
[22] "Linus struggles with Flash Player" (https:/ / bugzilla. redhat. com/ show_bug. cgi?id=439858). Fedora bugtracker. . Retrieved 2009-02-21.
[23] Installing Adobe Flash 64 bit in Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala (http:/ / adammichaelroach. com/ blog/
110309-installing-adobe-flash-64-bit-ubuntu-910-karmic-koala)
[24] http:/ / nocturn. vsbnet. be/ content/ flash-problems-64-bit-linux
[25] http:/ / www. mat-wright. com/ 2010/ 02/ flash-player-10-for-64-bit-linux. html
[26] http:/ / nxadm. wordpress. com/ 2009/ 04/ 26/ install-64-bit-adobe-flash-player-on-ubuntu-904/
[27] "ClickToFlash" (http:/ / rentzsch. github. com/ clicktoflash/ ). . Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[28] Adobe Systems Incorporated (November 2008) (PDF). Video File Format Specification, Version 10 (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flv/
pdf/ video_file_format_spec_v10. pdf). Adobe Systems Incorporated. . Retrieved 2009-08-03.
[29] New File Extensions and MIME Types (http:/ / www. kaourantin. net/ 2007/ 10/ new-file-extensions-and-mime-types. html)
[30] "Microsoft Silverlight Gets a High Profile Win: 2008 Beijing Olympics" (http:/ / techcrunch. com/ 2008/ 01/ 06/
microsoft-silverlight-gets-a-high-profile-win-2008-bejing-olympics/ ). . Retrieved 2010-02-23.
[31] "Microsoft Wins The 2010 Olympics For Silverlight" (http:/ / www. businessinsider. com/
microsoft-wins-the-2010-olympics-for-silverlight-2009-3). . Retrieved 2010-02-23.
[32] "Microsoft Working to Make Political Conventions Unconventional" (http:/ / www. microsoft. com/ presspass/ features/ 2008/ aug08/
08-19conventions. mspx). . Retrieved 2010-02-23.
[33] "Netflix Begins Roll-Out of 2nd Generation Media Player for Instant Streaming on Windows PCs and Intel Macs" (http:/ / netflix.
mediaroom. com/ index. php?s=43& item=288). . Retrieved 2010-02-23.
[34] XML.com: Picture Perfect (http:/ / www. xml. com/ pub/ a/ 2001/ 09/ 12/ svg. html)
[35] "Adobe to Discontinue Adobe SVG Viewer" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ svg/ eol. html). Adobe Systems. . Retrieved 2007-06-18.
[36] "Adobe, ‘Rich Internet Applications’ and Standards" (http:/ / www. webstandards. org/ 2005/ 04/ 19/
adobe-rich-internet-applications-and-standards/ ). Web Standards Project. April 19, 2005. . Retrieved 2010-02-25.
[37] "Opera" (http:/ / wiki. svg. org/ Opera). Svg wiki. Svg.org. 2006-12-27. . Retrieved 2007-06-18.
[38] Quint, Antoine (2006-07-13). "First Firefox 2.0 Beta Released" (http:/ / svg. org/ story/ 2006/ 7/ 13/ 85643/ 0175). Svg.org. . Retrieved
2007-06-18.
[39] "SVG improvements in Firefox 3" (https:/ / developer. mozilla. org/ en/ docs/ SVG_improvements_in_Firefox_3). Mozilla Developer
Center. Mozilla. 2008-06-17. . Retrieved 2008-07-20.
[40] "UIRA, Unfreeze" (http:/ / www. unfreeze. net/ ?page_id=52). unfreeze.net. 2008-04-20. . Retrieved 2008-04-21.
[41] "Adobe File Format Specification FAQ" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ licensing/ developer/ fileformat/ faq/ ). Adobe Systems. . Retrieved
2007-11-15.
[42] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ openscreenproject/ faq/
[43] "Free Flash community reacts to Adobe Open Screen Project" (http:/ / www. openmedianow. org/ ?q=node/ 21). . Retrieved 2008-11-29.
[44] http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ software/ flash/ open/ licensing/
[45] Hudson, Paul (July 2008). "Quick as a Gnash". Linux Format (107): 48–49. "What happened is this little thing called "software patents".
When you use MP3 or FLV, they're proprietary. And although we use FFMPEG and Gstreamer - we actually support all these codecs - we
can't distribute Gnash that way. ...of course the OLPC project cannot legally redistribute the codecs. ...Gnash fully supports patent-free codecs
such as Ogg Vorbis and Theora and Direc and stuff — Rob Savoye.".
[46] "Gnash Introduction" (http:/ / www. gnu. org/ software/ gnash/ ). Free Software Foundation, Inc.. 2008-06-26. . Retrieved 2008-07-20.
[47] Rob Savoye, Ann Barcomb (June 2007). "Gnash Manual version 0.4.0" (http:/ / www. gnu. org/ software/ gnash/ manual/ gnash.
html#flashsupport). Free Software Foundation. . Retrieved 2007-08-15.
[48] http:/ / rtmpdump. mplayerhq. hu/
[49] "Adobe requests rtmpdump removed from Sourceforge" (http:/ / www. chillingeffects. org/ anticircumvention/ notice.
cgi?NoticeID=25159). 2009-05-08. . Retrieved 2009-11-20.
[50] http:/ / savannah. nongnu. org/ projects/ flvstreamer
[51] http:/ / news. cnet. com/ 8301-27080_3-20002879-245. html
[52] "Security bulletins and advisories" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ support/ security/ #flashplayer). . Retrieved 2010-03-27.
[53] "Expert says Adobe Flash policy is risky" (http:/ / news. cnet. com/ 8301-27080_3-10396326-245. html). 2009-11-12. . Retrieved
2010-03-27.
[54] "Securing Your Web Browser" (http:/ / www. us-cert. gov/ reading_room/ securing_browser/ ). . Retrieved 2010-03-27.
[55] "Pwn2Own 2010: interview with Charlie Miller" (http:/ / www. oneitsecurity. it/ 01/ 03/ 2010/ interview-with-charlie-miller-pwn2own/ ).
2010-03-01. . Retrieved 2010-03-27.
[56] "SecurityFocus search results for Adobe Flash Player Vulnerabilities" (http:/ / www. securityfocus. com/ cgi-bin/ index. cgi?o=0& l=100&
c=12& op=display_list& vendor=Adobe& title=Flash Player). . Retrieved 2010-03-27.
[57] "Flash Bug Report" (http:/ / blogs. adobe. com/ emmy/ archives/ 2010/ 02/ flash_bug_repor. html). 2010-02-06. . Retrieved 2010-03-27.
[58] "Internet Security Threat Report: Volume XV: April 2010" (http:/ / www4. symantec. com/ Vrt/ wl?tu_id=SUKX1271711282503126202).
Symantec. April 2010. pp. 37,40,42. . Retrieved 2010-05-09.
[59] "Adobe Acrobat, Reader, and Flash Player Remote Code Execution Vulnerability" (http:/ / www. securityfocus. com/ bid/ 35759).
2009-10-15. . Retrieved 2010-05-09.
12
Adobe Flash
[60] "2010 Threat Predictions" (http:/ / mcafee. com/ us/ local_content/ reports/ 7985rpt_labs_threat-predict_0110_fnl_lores. pdf). McAfee Labs.
December 2009. p. 2. . Retrieved 2010-05-09.
[61] "McAfee Threats Report: Fourth Quarter 2009" (http:/ / mcafee. com/ us/ local_content/ reports/ threats_2009Q4_final. pdf). McAfee Avert
Labs. February 2010. p. 16. . Retrieved 2010-05-09.
[62] "Soltani, Ashkan, Canty, Shannon, Mayo, Quentin, Thomas, Lauren and Hoofnagle, Chris Jay: Flash Cookies and Privacy" (http:/ / papers.
ssrn. com/ sol3/ papers. cfm?abstract_id=1446862). 2009-08-10. . Retrieved 2009-08-18.
[63] "Local Shared Objects -- "Flash Cookies"" (http:/ / epic. org/ privacy/ cookies/ flash. html). Electronic Privacy Information Center.
2005-07-21. . Retrieved 2010-03-08.
[64] http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ support/ documentation/ en/ flashplayer/ help/ settings_manager07. html
[65] http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ support/ documentation/ en/ flashplayer/ help/ settings_manager. html
[66] "How to manage and disable Local Shared Objects" (http:/ / kb2. adobe. com/ cps/ 526/ 52697ee8. html). Adobe Systems Inc.. 2005-09-09. .
Retrieved 2010-03-08.
[67] http:/ / blogs. adobe. com/ penguin. swf/ 2010/ 01/ solving_different_problems. html
[68] "Flash benchmarks on different operating systems" (http:/ / arstechnica. com/ software/ news/ 2008/ 10/ benchmarking-flash-player-10. ars).
.
[69] http:/ / arstechnica. com/ media/ news/ 2009/ 10/ hands-on-hulu-desktop-for-linux-beta-a-big-resource-hog. ars
[70] Scrolling and Scrollbars (Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox) (http:/ / www. useit. com/ alertbox/ 20050711. html)
[71] Nielsen, Jakob (2000-10-29). "Flash: 99% Bad" (http:/ / www. useit. com/ alertbox/ 20001029. html). . Retrieved 2009-02-21.
[72] "Provide text equivalents for graphics - in Flash" (http:/ / www. skillsforaccess. org. uk/ howto. php?id=101). Skills for Access – How To. .
[73] Cynthia D. Waddell, JD. "Applying the ADA to the Internet: A Web Accessibility Standard" (http:/ / www. icdri. org/ CynthiaW/
applying_the_ada_to_the_internet. htm). . Retrieved 2010-04-11.
[74] Meyer, David (2008-04-30). "Mozilla warns of Flash and Silverlight 'agenda'" (http:/ / news. zdnet. com/ 2424-3515_22-199508. html).
ZDNet. . Retrieved 2009-01-11. "Companies building websites should beware of proprietary rich-media technologies like Adobe's Flash and
Microsoft's Silverlight, the founder of Mozilla Europe has warned."
[75] "Richard Stallman on The free software movement and its challenges" (http:/ / video. google. com/
videoplay?docid=-1647626314188526128& ei=LkqgSbfhIYva2gLUotGRDg& hl=un). Australian National University, Canberra, Australia:
Google Video. . Retrieved 2009-02-21.
[76] High Priority Free Software Projects (http:/ / www. fsf. org/ campaigns/ priority. html), Free Software Foundation, , retrieved 2009-07-09
[77] "AIR passes 100 million installations" (http:/ / blogs. adobe. com/ air/ 2009/ 01/ air_passes_100_million_install. html?sdid=EENCL). .
Retrieved 3 February 2009.
[78] "Adobe unveils Flash video control" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ business/ 6558979. stm). BBC News. BBC. 2007-04-16. . Retrieved
2007-06-18.
[79] "Palm Latest Mobile Industry Leader to Join Open Screen Project" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/
200902/ 021609AdobePalmOSP. html). 2009-02-16. . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
[80] "Adobe and Industry Leaders Establish Open Screen Project" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200805/
050108AdobeOSP. html). 2008-05-01. . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
[81] Murarka, Anup. "Inside the Open Screen Project" (http:/ / www. uiresourcecenter. com/ rich-internet-applications/ articles/
inside-the-open-screen-project. html?s=2_1). . Retrieved 2009-02-21.
[82] "Open Screen Project partners" (http:/ / www. openscreenproject. org/ partners/ current_partners. html). . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
[83] "Adobe and Nokia Announce $10 Million Open Screen Project Fund" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/
200902/ 021609AdobeNokia. html). 2009-02-16. . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
[84] http:/ / blogs. adobe. com/ flashplatform/
[85] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flash/
[86] http:/ / kb2. adobe. com/ cps/ 406/ kb406791. html
[87] http:/ / forums. adobe. com/ community/ flash
[88] http:/ / www. flexflashforum. com
[89] http:/ / www. actionscript. org
13
Action Message Format (AMF) is a binary format used to serialize ActionScript objects. It is used primarily to
exchange data between an Adobe Flash application and a remote service, usually over the internet.
Typical usage from Adobe Flash Player, consists of an ActionScript program which:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Connects to a specific "gateway" URL on a web server
Accesses the service which handles AMF communication
Calls a method on the service, mentioning a "callback" method
Arguments passed are serialized to AMF and deserialized at the receiving end
The service processes the input, and optionally returns data via AMF
The callback method is invoked by the platform, and returned data is passed
Protocol
AMF was introduced with Flash Player 6, and this version is referred to as AMF 0. It was unchanged until the
release of Flash Player 9 and ActionScript 3.0, when new data types and language features prompted an update,
called AMF 3.[1]
Adobe Systems published the AMF binary data protocol specification[2] on December 13, 2007 and announced that
it will support the developer community to make this protocol available for every major server platform.
Support for AMF
The various AMF Protocols are supported by many server-side languages and technologies, in the form of libraries
and services that must be installed and integrated by the application developer.
Platforms:
• Java - Adobe BlazeDS [3], Adobe LiveCycle Data Services (formerly known as Flex Data Services) [4], RED 5 [5],
Cinnamon [6], OpenAMF [7], Pimento [8], Granite [9], WebORB for Java [10]
• .NET - WebORB for .NET [11], FluorineFx [12] (LGPL), AMF.NET [13] (development stopped)
• PHP - AMFPHP [14], SabreAMF [15], WebORB for PHP [16], Zend_Amf [17]
• Python - PyAMF [18], Flashticle [19], amfast [20], Plasma [21]
• Perl - AMF::Perl [22]
• Curl - Curl Data Services [23]
• Ruby - RubyAMF [24], WebORB for Rails [25]
• Erlang - Erlang-AMF [26]
Frameworks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ruby on Rails - RubyAMF [27]
Zend Framework - Zend_AMF [17]
OSGi Framework - AMF3 for OSGi [28]
Django - Django AMF [29]
CakePHP - CakeAMFPHP [30]
Grails (framework) - BlazeDS [3]
14
See also
• SWX Format (arguably faster alternative)
References
[1] AMF 0 Specification (http:/ / opensource. adobe. com/ wiki/ download/ attachments/ 1114283/ amf0_spec_121207. pdf)
[2] AMF 3 Specification (http:/ / opensource. adobe. com/ wiki/ download/ attachments/ 1114283/ amf3_spec_05_05_08. pdf)
[3] http:/ / opensource. adobe. com/ wiki/ display/ blazeds
[4] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ livecycle/ dataservices/
[5] http:/ / www. osflash. org/ red5
[6] http:/ / www. spicefactory. org/ cinnamon/
[7] http:/ / osflash. org/ openamf
[8] http:/ / www. spicefactory. org/ pimento/
[9] http:/ / www. graniteds. org/
[10] http:/ / www. themidnightcoders. com/ products/ weborb-for-java
[11] http:/ / www. themidnightcoders. com/ products/ weborb-for-net
[12] http:/ / fluorine. thesilentgroup. com/
[13] http:/ / osflash. org/ amf. net
[14] http:/ / www. amfphp. org
[15] http:/ / osflash. org/ sabreamf
[16] http:/ / www. themidnightcoders. com/ products/ weborb-for-php
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
http:/ / framework. zend. com/ manual/ en/ zend. amf. html
http:/ / pyamf. org/
http:/ / osflash. org/ flashticle
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ amfast/
http:/ / plasmads. org/
http:/ / osflash. org/ flap
http:/ / www. curl. com/ company_news010609. php
http:/ / osflash. org/ projects/ rubyamf
http:/ / www. themidnightcoders. com/ products/ weborb-for-rails
http:/ / github. com/ mujaheed/ erlang-amf
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ rubyamf/
http:/ / arum. co. uk/ amf3osgi. php
http:/ / djangoamf. sourceforge. jp/ index. php?DjangoAMF_en
http:/ / cakeforge. org/ projects/ cakeamfphp/
15
ActionScript
16
ActionScript
Paradigm
Appeared in
Multi-paradigm: prototype-based, functional, imperative,
scripting
1998
Designed by
Gary Grossman
Developer
Macromedia (now Adobe Systems)
Stable release
3.0 (June 27, 2006)
Typing discipline
strong, static
Major implementations Adobe Flash, Adobe Flex
Influenced by
JavaScript, Java
OS
Cross-platform
Filename extension .as
Internet media
type
[1]
application/ecmascript
ActionScript is a scripting language owned by Adobe. It is based on ECMAScript, and is used primarily for the
development of websites and software using the Adobe Flash Player platform (in the form of SWF files embedded
into Web pages), but is also used in some database applications (such as Alpha Five), and in basic robotics, as with
the Make Controller Kit. Originally developed by Macromedia, the language is now owned by Adobe (which
acquired Macromedia in 2005). ActionScript was initially designed for controlling simple 2D vector animations
made in Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash). Later versions added functionality allowing for the creation of
Web-based games and rich Internet applications with streaming media (such as video and audio).
Initially focused on animation, early versions of Flash content offered few interactivity features and thus had very
limited scripting capability.
More recent versions include ActionScript, an implementation of the ECMAScript standard which therefore has the
same syntax as JavaScript, but in a different programming framework with a different associated set of class
libraries. ActionScript is used to create almost all of the interactivity (buttons, text entry fields, drop down menus)
seen in many Flash applications.
Flash MX 2004 introduced ActionScript 2.0, a scripting programming language more suited to the development of
Flash applications. It is often possible to save time by scripting something rather than animating it, which usually
also enables a higher level of flexibility when editing.
Since the arrival of the Flash Player 9 alpha (in 2006) a newer version of ActionScript has been released,
ActionScript 3.0. ActionScript 3.0 is an object oriented programming language allowing for more control and code
reusability when building complex Flash applications.
Of late, the Flash libraries are being used with the XML capabilities of the browser to render rich content in the
browser. This technology is known as Asynchronous Flash and XML, much like AJAX. This technology of
Asynchronous Flash and XML has pushed for a more formal approach of this technology called Adobe Flex, which
uses the Flash runtime to build Rich Internet Applications.
ActionScript
17
This technology can be used in players like those on MySpace and YouTube, to provide protection for the content
that the Flash calls, like MP3s and videos. The content called is streamed through the Flash files, making
downloading for storage a difficult task for most people. Programs such as Real Player Downloader and browser
extensions like Firebug can trace the XML files. Browser extensions like Video DownloadHelper can intercept the
requests and download the streamed video.
History
ActionScript started as a scripting language for Macromedia's Flash authoring tool, now developed by Adobe
Systems as Adobe Flash. The first three versions of the Flash authoring tool provided limited interactivity features.
Early Flash developers could attach a simple command, called an "action", to a button or a frame. The set of actions
was basic navigation controls, with commands such as "play", "stop", "getURL", and "gotoAndPlay".
With the release of Flash 4 in 1999, this simple set of actions became a small scripting language. New capabilities
introduced for Flash 4 included variables, expressions, operators, if statements, and loops. Although referred to
internally as "ActionScript", the Flash 4 user manual and marketing documents continued to use the term "actions" to
describe this set of commands .
Timeline by player version
• Flash Player 2: The first version with scripting support. Actions included gotoAndPlay, gotoAndStop, nextFrame
and nextScene for timeline control.
• Flash Player 3: Expanded basic scripting support with the ability to load external SWFs (loadMovie).
• Flash Player 4: First player with a full scripting implementation (called Actions). The scripting was a flash based
syntax and contained support for loops, conditionals, variables and other basic language constructs.
• Flash Player 5: Included the first version of ActionScript. Used prototype-based programming based on
ECMAScript [2], and allowed full procedural programming and object-oriented programming.
• Flash Player 6: Added an event handling model, accessibility controls and support for switch. The first version
with support for the AMF and RTMP protocols which allowed for on demand audio/video streaming.
• Flash Player 7: Additions include CSS styling for text and support for ActionScript 2.0, a programming language
based on the ECMAScript 4 Netscape Proposal [3] with class-based inheritance. However, ActionScript 2.0 can
cross compile to ActionScript 1.0 byte-code, so that it can run in Flash Player 6.
Flash Player 8: Further extended ActionScript 1/ActionScript 2 by
adding new class libraries with APIs for controlling bitmap data at
run-time, file uploads and live filters for blur and dropshadow.
• Flash Player 9 (initially called 8.5): Added ActionScript 3.0 with
the advent of a new virtual machine, called AVM2 (ActionScript
Virtual Machine 2), which coexists with the previous AVM1 needed
to support legacy content. Performance increases were a major
objective for this release of the player including a new JIT compiler.
Support for binary sockets, E4X XML parsing, TR1 = LIXO
full-screen mode and Regular Expressions were added. This is the
first release of the player to be titled Adobe Flash Player [4].
Example of ActionScript 2.0 running on
Macromedia Flash 8.
• Flash Player 10 (initially called Astro): Added basic 3D manipulation, such as rotating on the X, Y, and Z axis,
and a 3D drawing API. Ability to create custom filters using Adobe Pixel Bender. Several visual processing tasks
are now offloaded to the GPU which gives a noticeable decrease to rendering time for each frame, resulting in
higher frame rates, especially with H.264 video. There is a new sound API which allows for custom creation of
audio in flash, something that has never been possible before.[5] Furthermore, Flash Player 10 supports Peer to
ActionScript
Peer (P2P) communication with Real Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP).
Timeline by ActionScript version
2000–2003: ActionScript "1.0" With the release of Flash 5 in September 2000, the "actions" from Flash 4 were
enhanced once more and named "ActionScript" for the first time.[6] This was the first version of ActionScript with
influences from JavaScript and the ECMA-262 (Third Edition) standard, supporting the said standard's object model
and many of its core data types. Local variables may be declared with the var statement, and user-defined
functions with parameter passing and return values can also be created. Notably, ActionScript could now also be
typed with a text editor rather than being assembled by choosing actions from drop-down lists and dialog box
controls. With the next release of its authoring tool, Flash MX, and its corresponding player, Flash Player 6, the
language remained essentially unchanged; there were only minor changes, such as the addition of the switch
statement and the "strict equality" (===) operator, which brought it closer to being ECMA-262-compliant. Two
important features of ActionScript that distinguish it from later versions are its loose type system and its reliance on
prototype-based inheritance. Loose typing refers to the ability of a variable to hold any type of data. This allows for
rapid script development and is particularly well-suited for small-scale scripting projects. Prototype-based
inheritance is the ActionScript 1.0 mechanism for code reuse and object-oriented programming. Instead of a class
keyword that defines common characteristics of a class, ActionScript 1.0 uses a special object that serves as a
"prototype" for a class of objects. All common characteristics of a class are defined in the class's prototype object
and every instance of that class contains a link to that prototype object.
2003–2006: ActionScript 2.0 The next major revision of the language, ActionScript 2.0, was introduced in
September 2003 with the release of Flash MX 2004 and its corresponding player, Flash Player 7. In response to user
demand for a language better equipped for larger and more complex applications, ActionScript 2.0 featured
compile-time type checking and class-based syntax, such as the keywords class and extends. (While this
allowed for a more structured object-oriented programming approach, the code would still be compiled to
ActionScript 1.0 bytecode, allowing it to be used on the preceding Flash Player 6 as well. In other words, the
class-based inheritance syntax was a layer on top of the existing prototype-based system.) With ActionScript 2.0,
developers could constrain variables to a specific type by adding a type annotation so that type mismatch errors
could be found at compile-time. ActionScript 2.0 also introduced class-based inheritance syntax so that developers
could create classes and interfaces, much as they would in class-based languages such as Java and C++. This version
conformed partially to the ECMAScript Fourth Edition draft specification.
2006–today: ActionScript 3.0 In June 2006, ActionScript 3.0 debuted with Adobe Flex 2.0 and its corresponding
player, Flash Player 9. ActionScript 3.0 was a fundamental restructuring of the language, so much so that it uses an
entirely different virtual machine. Flash Player 9 contains two virtual machines, AVM1 for code written in
ActionScript 1.0 and 2.0, and AVM2 for content written in ActionScript 3.0. Actionscript 3.0 added limited support
for hardware acceleration (DirectX, OpenGL).
The update to the language introduced several new features:
• Compile-time and runtime type checking—type information exists at both compile-time and runtime.
• Improved performance from a class-based inheritance system separate from the prototype-based inheritance
system.
• Support for packages, namespaces, and regular expressions.
• Compiles to an entirely new type of bytecode, incompatible with ActionScript 1.0 and 2.0 bytecode.
• Revised Flash Player API, organized into packages.
• Unified event handling system based on the DOM event handling standard.
• Integration of ECMAScript for XML (E4X) for purposes of XML processing.
• Direct access to the Flash runtime display list for complete control of what gets displayed at runtime.
• Completely conforming implementation of the ECMAScript fourth edition draft specification.
18
ActionScript
Flash Lite
• Flash Lite 1.0: Flash Lite is the Flash technology specifically developed for mobile phones and consumer
electronics devices. Supports Flash 4 ActionScript.
• Flash Lite 1.1: Flash 4 ActionScript support and additional device APIs added.
• Flash Lite 2.0 and 2.1: Added support for Flash 7 ActionScript 2.0 and some additional fscommand2 API.
• Flash Lite 3: Added support for Flash 8 ActionScript 2.0 and also FLV video playback.
• Flash Lite 4: Added support for Flash 10 ActionScript 3.0 as a browser plugin and also hardware graphics
acceleration.
Syntax
ActionScript code is free form and thus may be created with whichever amount or style of whitespace that the author
desires. The basic syntax is derived from ECMAScript.
ActionScript 2.0
The following code, which works in any compliant player, creates a text field at depth 0, at position (0, 0) on the
screen (measured in pixels), that is 100 pixels wide and high. Then the text parameter is set to the "Hello,
world" string, and it is automatically displayed in the player:
createTextField("greet", 0, 0, 0, 100, 100);
greet.text = "Hello, world";
When writing external ActionScript 2.0 class files the above example could be written in a file named
Greeter.as as following.
class com.example.Greeter extends MovieClip
{
public function Greeter() {}
public function onLoad() :Void
{
var txtHello:TextField = this.createTextField("txtHello", 0, 0,
0, 100, 100);
txtHello.text = "Hello, world";
}
}
ActionScript 3.0
ActionScript 3.0 has a similar syntax to ActionScript 2.0 but a different set of APIs for creating objects. Compare the
script below to the previous ActionScript 2.0 version:
var greet:TextField = new TextField();
greet.text = "Hello World";
this.addChild(greet);
Minimal ActionScript 3.0 programs may be somewhat larger and more complicated due to the increased separation
of the programming language and the Flash IDE.
Presume the following file to be Greeter.as:
package com.example
{
19
ActionScript
20
import flash.text.TextField;
import flash.display.Sprite;
public class Greeter extends Sprite
{
public function Greeter()
{
var txtHello:TextField = new TextField();
txtHello.text = "Hello World";
addChild(txtHello);
}
}
}
(See also: Sprite)
Finally, an example of using ActionScript when developing Flex applications, again presuming the following content
to be in a file named Greeter.as:
package
{
public class Greeter
{
public static function sayHello():String
{
var greet:String = "Hello, world!";
return greet;
}
}
}
This code will work with the following MXML application file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" xmlns="*" layout="vertical"
creationComplete="initApp()">
<mx:Script>
<![CDATA[
public function initApp():void
{
// Prints our "Hello, world!" message into "mainTxt".
mainTxt.text = Greeter.sayHello();
}
]]>
</mx:Script>
<mx:Label id="title" fontSize="24" fontStyle="bold" text='"Hello, world!" Example'/>
<mx:TextArea id="mainTxt" width="250"/>
ActionScript
</mx:Application>
Data structures
Data types
ActionScript primarily consists of "fundamental" or "simple" data types which are used to create other data types.
These data types are very similar to Java data types. Since ActionScript 3 was a complete rewrite of ActionScript 2,
the data types and their inheritances have changed.
ActionScript 2 top level data types
•
•
•
•
String - A list of characters such as "Hello World"
Number - Any Numeric value
Boolean - A simple binary storage that can only be "true" or "false".
Object - Object is the data type all complex data types inherit from. It allows for the grouping of methods,
functions, parameters, and other objects.
ActionScript 2 complex data types
There are additional "complex" data types. These are more processor and memory intensive and consist of many
"simple" data types. For AS2, some of these data types are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MovieClip - An ActionScript creation that allows easy usage of visible objects.
TextField - A simple dynamic or input text field. Inherits the Movieclip type.
Button - A simple button with 4 frames (states): Up, Over, Down and Hit. Inherits the MovieClip type.
Date - Allows access to information about a specific point in time.
Array - Allows linear storage of data.
XML - An XML object
XMLNode - An XML node
LoadVars - A Load Variables object allows for the storing and send of HTTP POST and HTTP GET variables
Sound
NetStream
NetConnection
MovieClipLoader
EventListener
ActionScript 3 primitive (prime) data types (see Data type descriptions [7])
• Boolean - The Boolean data type has only two possible values: true and false or 1 and 0. No other values are
valid.
• int - The int data type is a 32-bit integer between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.
• Null - The Null data type contains only one value, null. This is the default value for the String data type and all
classes that define complex data types, including the Object class.
• Number - The Number data type can represent integers, unsigned integers, and floating-point numbers. The
Number data type uses the 64-bit double-precision format as specified by the IEEE Standard for Binary
Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE-754).
• String - The String data type represents a sequence of 16-bit characters. Strings are stored internally as Unicode
characters, using the UTF-16 format. Previous versions of Flash used the UTF-8 format.
• uint - The uint (Unsigned Integer) data type is a 32-bit unsigned integer between 0 and 4,294,967,295.
• void - The void data type contains only one value, undefined. In previous versions of ActionScript, undefined was
the default value for instances of the Object class. In ActionScript 3.0, the default value for Object instances is
null.
21
ActionScript
ActionScript 3 some complex data types (see Data type descriptions [7])
• Object - The Object data type is defined by the Object class. The Object class serves as the base class for all class
definitions in ActionScript. Objects in their basic form can be used as associative arrays that contain key-value
pairs, where keys are Strings and values may be any type.
• Array - Contains a list of data. Though ActionScript 3 is a strongly typed language, the contents of an Array may
be of any type and values must be cast back to their original type after retrieval. (Support for typed Arrays has
recently been added with the Vector class.)
• Vector - A variant of array supported only when publishing for Flash Player 10 or above. Vectors are typed,
dense Arrays (values must be defined or null) which may be fixed-length, and are bounds-checked during
retrieval. Vectors are not just more typesafe than Arrays but also perform faster.
• flash.utils:Dictionary - Dictionaries are a variant of Object that may contain keys of any data type (whereas
Object always uses strings for its keys).
• flash.display:Sprite - A display object container without a timeline.
• flash.display:MovieClip - Animated movie clip display object; Flash timeline is, by default, a MovieClip.
• flash.display:Bitmap - A non-animated bitmap display object.
• flash.display:Shape - A non-animated vector shape object.
• flash.utils:ByteArray - Contains an array of binary byte data.
• flash.text:TextField - A dynamic, optionally interactive text field object.
• flash.display:SimpleButton - A simple interactive button type supporting "up", "over", and "down" states with
an arbitrary hit area.
• Date - A date object containing the date/time digital representation.
• Error - A generic error object that allows runtime error reporting when thrown as an exception.
• Function - The core class for all Flash method definitions.
• RegExp - A regular expression object for strings.
• flash.media:Video - A video playback object supporting direct (progressive download) or streaming (RTMP)
transports. As of Flash Player version 9.0.115.0, the H.264/MP4 high-definition video format is also supported
along side standard Flash video (FLV) content.
• XML - A revised XML object based on the E4X (Standard ECMA-357); nodes and attributes are accessed
differently than ActionScript 2.0 object (a legacy class named XMLDocument is provided for backwards
compatibility).
• XMLList - An array-based object for various content lookups in the XML class.
Using data types
The basic syntax is:
var yourVariableName:YourVariableType = new YourVariableType(Param1,
Param2, ..., ParamN);
So in order to make an empty Object:
var myObject:Object = new Object();
Some types are automatically put in place:
var myString:String = "Hello Wikipedia!"; // This would automatically
set the variable as a string.
var myNumber:Number = 5; // This would do the same for a number.
var myObject:Object = {Param1:"Hi!", Param2:76}; //This creates an
object with two variables.
22
ActionScript
23
// Param1 is a string with the data of "Hi!",
// and Param2 is a number with the data of 76.
var myArray:Array = [5,"Hello!",{a:5, b:7}] //This is the syntax for
automatically creating an Array.
//It creates an Array with 3 variables.
//The first (0) is a number with the value of 5,
//the second (1) is a string with the value of "Hello!",
//and the third (2) is an object with {a:5, b:7}.
Unlike most object-oriented languages, ActionScript makes no distinction between primitive types and reference
types. In ActionScript, all variables are reference types. However, objects that belong to the primitive data types,
which includes Boolean, Number, int, uint, and String, have special operators that make them behave as if they were
passed by value. [8]
So if a variable of a supposedly primitive type, e.g. an integer is passed to a function, altering that variable inside the
function will not alter the original variable (passed by value). If a variable of another (not primitive) datatype, e.g.
XML is passed to a function, altering that variable inside the function will alter the original variable as well (passed
by reference).
Some data types can be assigned values with literals:
var
var
var
var
var
item1:String="ABC";
item2:Boolean=true;
item3:Number=12;
item4:Array=["a","b","c"];
item5:XML = <node><child/></node>; //Note that the primitive XML is not quoted
A reference in ActionScript is a pointer to an instance of a class. This does not create a copy but accesses the same
memory space. All objects in ActionScript are accessed as references instead of being copied.
var item1:XML=new XML("<node><child/></node>");
var item2:XML=item1;
item2.firstChild.attributes.value=13;
//item1 now equals item2 since item2 simply points to what item1 points
to.
//Both are now:
//<node><child value="13"/></node>
Only references to an object may be removed by using the "delete" keyword. Removal of actual objects and data is
done by the Flash Player garbage collector which checks for any existing references in the Flash memory space. If
none are found (no other reference is made to the orphaned object), it is removed from memory. For this reason,
memory management in ActionScript requires careful application development planning.
var item1:XML=new XML("<node><child/></node>");
delete item1;
//If no other reference to item1 is present anywhere else in the
application,
//it will be removed on the garbage collector's next pass
ActionScript
Often, Flash developers will decide that while they desire the advantages that Flash affords them in the areas of
animation and interactivity, they do not wish to expose their code to the world. However, as with all intermediate
language compiled code, once a .swf file is saved locally, it can be decompiled into its source code and assets. Some
decompilers are capable of nearly full reconstruction of the original source file, down to the actual code that was
used during creation (although results vary on a case-by-case basis).[9] [10] [11]
In opposition to the decompilers, ActionScript obfuscators have been introduced to solve this problem.
Higher-quality obfuscators implement lexical transformations — such as identifier renaming, control flow
transformation, and data abstraction transformation — that make it harder for decompilers to generate output likely
to be useful to a human. Less robust obfuscators insert traps for decompilers.
See also
•
•
•
•
ECMAScript — The standardized scripting language upon which ActionScript is based.
ActionScript code protection.
Adobe Flash — The program in which ActionScript debuted.
Adobe Flash Player — The official and most widely used SWF player.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adobe Flash Lite — A miniature version of the Flash Player for mobile devices.
Adobe AIR - Runtime for ActionScript/Flex
Adobe Flex - SDK and IDE which uses ActionScript
SWF File Format
Tamarin (JIT)
Macromedia
Adobe Systems
Gnash, a free Flash viewer
Swfdec
Adobe Flex Builder - IDE by Adobe to author ActionScript
HaXe
FlashDevelop - a free and open source code editor and alternative flex IDE
External links
Adobe documentation and references
•
•
•
•
ActionScript Technology Center [12]
ActionScript 2.0 Language Reference [13]
ActionScript 3.0 Language & Component Reference [14]
Flex 3 LiveDocs: Programming ActionScript 3.0 [15]
Tutorials and references
• Adobe - Flash Developer Center [16]
• Tutorial - Get Started with ActionScript 3 [17]
24
ActionScript
Developer tools
•
•
•
•
•
Adobe Flash Professional [18] (i.e. the Flash IDE)
Adobe Flex SDK [19]
FlashDevelop [20] - Popular open-source ActionScript IDE
swftools' as3compile [21] - as3compile, a free compiler for ActionScript 3.0
Motion Twin ActionScript Compiler [22] - MTASC is an Open-source ActionScript 2 compiler
Actionscript Forum / Community
•
•
•
•
Adobe's Flash Forum [87]
FlexFlashForum.com - Flash Forum [88]
Actionscript.org - Community Resource / Tutorials [89]
Wuup - Tutorials/Blog by ActionScript Programmer Bill Nunney [23]
References
[1] RFC 4329 (limit compatible with EcmaScript)
[2] http:/ / www. ecma-international. org/ publications/ standards/ Ecma-262. htm
[3] http:/ / www. ecmascript. org/
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashplayer
"Adobe Labs - Adobe Flash Player 10.1" (http:/ / labs. adobe. com/ technologies/ flashplayer10/ ). Labs.adobe.com. . Retrieved 2009-12-17.
Note that the name "ActionScript 1.0" is a retronym, coined after the release of ActionScript 2.0.
http:/ / livedocs. adobe. com/ flash/ 9. 0/ main/ wwhelp/ wwhimpl/ common/ html/ wwhelp. htm?context=LiveDocs_Parts& file=00000047.
html
[8] "Flex 3 - Function parameters" (http:/ / livedocs. adobe. com/ flex/ 3/ html/ 03_Language_and_Syntax_19. html). Livedocs.adobe.com. .
[9] Third party review of another decompiler (http:/ / www. flashmagazine. com/ reviews/ detail/ review_trillix_flash_decompiler_3/ )
[10] Customer comments on one Flash decompiler (http:/ / www. topshareware. com/ reviews/ 10386-1/ flash-decompiler. htm)
[11] Customer comments on another Flash product (http:/ / www. macupdate. com/ reviews. php?id=11541)
[12] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ actionscript/
[13] http:/ / help. adobe. com/ en_US/ AS2LCR/ Flash_10. 0/ help. html?content=Part2_AS2_LangRef_1. html
[14] http:/ / help. adobe. com/ en_US/ AS3LCR/ Flash_10. 0/
[15] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ go/ programmingAS3
[16] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flash/
[17] http:/ / www. flashcomponents. net/ articles/ from_flash_to_flex_moving_to_actionscript_3. html
[18] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ downloads/
[19] http:/ / opensource. adobe. com/ wiki/ display/ flexsdk/ Download+ Flex+ 3
[20] http:/ / www. flashdevelop. org
[21] http:/ / www. swftools. org
[22] http:/ / www. mtasc. org/
[23] http:/ / www. wuup. co. uk/ category/ blog/ tutorials/ flash-tutorials/ actionscript-30
25
ActionScrip 3
ActionScrip 3
ActionScript 3.0 was a fundamental restructuring of the ActionScriptlanguage, so much so that it uses an entirely
different virtual machine. Flash Player 9 contains two virtual machines, AVM1 for code written in ActionScript 1.0
and 2.0, and AVM2 for content written in ActionScript 3.0. Actionscript 3.0 added limited support for hardware
acceleration (DirectX, OpenGL).
The update to the language introduced several new features:
• Compile-time and runtime type checking—type information exists at both compile-time and runtime.
• Improved performance from a class-based inheritance system separate from the prototype-based inheritance
system.
• Support for packages, namespaces, and regular expressions.
• Compiles to an entirely new type of bytecode, incompatible with ActionScript 1.0 and 2.0 bytecode.
• Revised Flash Player API, organized into packages.
• Unified event handling system based on the DOM event handling standard.
• Integration of ECMAScript for XML (E4X) for purposes of XML processing.
• Direct access to the Flash runtime display list for complete control of what gets displayed at runtime.
• Completely conforming implementation of the ECMAScript fourth edition draft specification.
ActionScript code protection. ActionScript is the main language for developing flash products. Code obfuscation is
the process of transforming code into a form that is unintelligible to human readers while preserving the functionality
and structure for computers. To make ActionScript code as safe as possible flash developers use a variety of code
encryption and obfuscation methods. Most of the methods are kept in secret due to the fact that they are used in
popular ActionScript obfuscators.
Overview
Obfuscation is the process of modifying ActionScript code. Obfuscation engineering makes it impossible to use the
original code for programming by mixing up functions, arguments and variables names; however the SWF file with
obfuscated code stays readable for Flash players.
ActionScript obfuscation algorithms are aimed to resist Flash decompilation and protect development`s art work
from stealing. Nowadays there are lots of different freeware and shareware tools that provides different obfuscation
options. Some SWF Protectors implement lexical transformations - such as identifiers renaming, control flow
transformation, and data abstraction transformation - that make it harder for decompilers to generate correct and
usable output. Others - insert certain traps based on decompilers imperfections. Some decompilers manage to open
protected files and maybe extract some of its resources (sounds, images, etc.), but they cannot read the ActionScript
code correctly. It often happens that when protected SWF file is added to decompilation software, the latter may
crash or quit unexpectedly.
26
Examples
The easiest way to understand the benefit of SWF obfuscation is to compare a non-protected SWF ActionScript code
with protected one. Please look at the examples below.
ActionScript 2.0
Code before obfuscation:
stop();
if (this.holder1 == Number (this.holder1)) {
loadMovieNum ("jopeClipLoader5.swf", this.holder1);
} else {
this.holder1.loadMovie("jopeClipLoader5.swf");
}
Code after obfuscation:
do {
if (false) {
(() add ().holder1);// not popped
if (true) {
// unexpected jump
do {
stop();
} while (false);
// unexpected jump
if (false) {
Set("\x0B\x1A\x13\x16", true);
} while (true);
do {
if (true) {
// unexpected jump
// unexpected jump
if (false) {
} while (true);
do {
// unexpected jump
} while (true);
// swfAction0xAD hexdata
0x52,0x17,0x99,0x02,0x00,0x39,0x00,0x9A,0x01... // Unknown action
}
(() add
().holder1)[(!"holder1".holder1()).holder1].loadMovie();
// unexpected jump
/* Error1016 */
// unexpected jump
do {
(this);// not popped
if (true) {
27
28
// unexpected jump
} while (this);
// unexpected jump
}
}
}
if (false) {
} while (true);
do {
// unexpected jump
} while (true);
0x52,0x17,0x99,0x02,0x00,0x39,0x00,0x9A,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x99... //
Unknown action
}
"holder1".holder1.loadMovie();
// unexpected jump
/* Error1016 */
// unexpected jump
do {
if (true) {
// unexpected jump
} while (this);
// unexpected jump
}
}
}
Set("\x0B\x1A\x13\x16", true);
} while (true);
do {
( /* Error1010 */);// not popped
if (true) {
// unexpected jump
// unexpected jump
if (false) {
} while (true);
do {
// unexpected jump
} while (true);
0x52,0x17,0x99,0x02,0x00,0x39,0x00,0x9A,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x99,0x02... //
Unknown action
}
ActionScript 3.0
Code before obfuscation:
private function getNeighbours(i:int, j:int):Array{
var a:Array = new Array();
for (var k = 0; k < 8; k++){
var ni = i + int(neighbour_map[k][0]);
var nj = j + int(neighbour_map[k][1]) ;
if (ni < 0 || ni >= xsize || nj < 0 || nj >= ysize)
continue;
a.push(Cell(cells[ni][nj]));
}
return a;
}
Code after obfuscation:
private function getNeighbours(_arg1:int, _arg2:int):Array{
var _local3:Array = -(((null - !NULL!) % ~(undefined)));
var _local4:*;
var _local5:*;
var _local6:*;
_local3 = new Array();
_local4 = 0;
for (;//unresolved jump
, _arg2 < 8;_local4++) {
_local5 = (_arg1 + int(!NULL!));
_local6 = (_arg2 + int(!NULL!));
if (true){
_arg1 = (((//unresolved nextvalue or nextname << !NULL!) + !NULL!)
<< undefined);
_arg1 = (!(!NULL!) ^ !NULL!);
(!NULL! instanceof !NULL!);
var _local1 = (((!NULL! as !NULL!) + !NULL!) == this);
if (!(!NULL! == !NULL!)){
-((true << !NULL!)).push(Cell(cells[_local5][_local6]));
}
}
if (!true){
(_local6 < 0);
(_local6 < 0);
(_local5 < 0);
}
}
return (_local3);
}
29
See also
•
•
•
•
•
ActionScript
ActionScript Foundry
Adobe Flash
Obfuscated code
SWF
External links
Adobe documentation and references
•
•
•
•
ActionScript Technology Center [12]
ActionScript 2.0 Language Reference [13]
ActionScript 3.0 Language & Component Reference [14]
Flex 3 LiveDocs: Programming ActionScript 3.0 [15]
30
31
Developer(s)
Adobe Systems
Stable release
3.0 / January 12, 2009
Operating
system
Windows
Type
Encoding Software
License
Free
Website
[1]
Flash Media Live Encoder (FMLE) a free live encoding software product from Adobe Systems. It is currently
available for the Windows platform and Mac OS.
History
Version 1.0 was released on February 23, 2007.
Version 2.0 was released on October 26, 2007, adding the following functionality:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Encoding support for MP3 format
Command-line execution
Automatically start at operating system launch
Automated maintenance restart
Remote access
Ability to set reconnect interval
• Timecode support
Version 2.5 was released on April 14, 2008 with the following added features:
• Encoding support for H.264/HE-AAC format
• Improvements to Quality of Service
• Auto-adjust functionality, which enabled dynamic downgrading of the outgoing stream quality if network
connectivity was sub-optimal.
Version 3.0 was released on January 12, 2009 with the following added features:
•
•
•
•
•
An updated user interface and additional presets
Multi-bitrate encoding (up to three different bitrates)
File management improvements (save multiple files based on file size/duration, parameters in filenames)
DVR functionality
System timecode support (SMPTE, LTC, VITC or BITC timecodes could be used if supported by capture device;
if not, the system timecode could be used)
• Multi-core processing capability for VP6 encoding
• Support for additional compatible devices
32
Usage
• Stream live video from capture cards, webcams, Firewire, or USB devices to Flash Media Server (FMS) or a
Flash Video Streaming Service (FVSS). (Device or driver must support Microsoft DirectShow filters to be
recognized by FMLE.)
• Archive FLV or F4V file locally.
Function
FMLE is a desktop application that connects to a Flash Media Server (FMS) or a Flash Video Streaming Service
(FVSS) via the Realtime Messaging Protocol (RTMP) to stream live video to connected clients. Clients connect to
the FMS or FVSS server and view the stream through a Flash Player SWF.
FMLE supports On2 VP6 or H.264 codecs for video and MP3 or Nellymoser for audio. Additionally, AAC and
HE-AAC for audio is supported with a plug-in available from MainConcept[2]
FMLE integrates directly with Flash Media Server functionality, including recording a readable-while-open live
stream file that enables DVR-like seeking during playback of live events. It is also possible to encode multiple files
at once — at different bitrates — to support Dynamic Streaming (adaptive bitrate streaming).
In addition to encoding live events with finite start and end times, features such as command-line control, auto
reconnect, and remote access enable efficient 24/7 encoding.
FMLE main interface
FMLE interface showing optional
customizable metadata fields
FMLE interface showing live encodng log
See also
• ActionScript
• Flash Player
References
[1] http:/ / www. adobe. com
[2] http:/ / www. mainconcept. com/ site/ index. php?id=21580
• Flash Media Live Encoder 2.5 Documentation (http://www.adobe.com/support/documentation/en/
flashmediaencoder/)
• Flash Media Live Encoder 3 Documentation (http://www.adobe.com/support/documentation/en/
flashmedialiveencoder/)
External links
• Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder product page (http://www.adobe.com/go/fmle)
• Adobe Flash Media Server product page (http://www.adobe.com/go/fms)
• Adobe Flash Media Server Developer Center (http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashmediaserver)
33
Adobe Shockwave
34
Adobe Shockwave
Developer(s)
Adobe Systems
Stable release
11.5.7.609
Operating
system
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS 9, Mac OS X
(Universal)
Platform
Web browsers
Type
Multimedia Player / MIME type: application/x-director
Website
Adobe Shockwave Player
[1]
/ May 11, 2010
[2]
Adobe Shockwave (formerly Macromedia Shockwave) is a multimedia player program, first developed by
Macromedia, acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005. It allows Adobe Director applications to be published on the
Internet and viewed in a web browser on any computer which has the Shockwave plug-in installed.
Description
Shockwave movies are authored in the Adobe Director environment. While there is support for including Flash
movies inside Shockwave files, authors often choose the Shockwave Director combination over Flash because it
offers more features and more powerful tools. Features not replicated by Flash include a much faster rendering
engine, including hardware-accelerated 3D, and support for various network protocols, including Internet Relay
Chat. Furthermore, Shockwave's functionality can be extended with so-called "Xtras".
Platform support
Unlike Flash, the Shockwave browser plugin is not available for Linux or Solaris despite intense lobbying efforts.
However, the Shockwave Player can be installed on Linux with CrossOver or by running a Windows version of a
supported browser in Wine (with varying degrees of success).
Shockwave was available as a plug-in for both Mac OS and Windows for most of its history. However, there was a
notable break in support for the Macintosh between January 2006 (when Apple Inc. released Apple–Intel transition
based on the Intel Core Duo) and March 2008 (when Adobe Systems released Shockwave 11, the first version to run
natively on Intel Macs).
Adobe Shockwave
Applications
Although Shockwave was designed for making a wide variety of online movies and animations, its actual use has
become concentrated in the area of game development. It is often used in online applications which require a very
rich graphical environment. Online Learning tools which simulate real-world physics or involve significant graphing,
charting, or calculation sometimes use Shockwave.
History
The Shockwave player was originally developed for the Netscape browser by Macromedia Director team members
Harry Chesley, John Newlin, Sarah Allen, and Ken Day, influenced by a previous plug-in that Macromedia had
created for Microsoft's Blackbird. Version 1.0 of Shockwave was released independent of Director 4 and its
development schedule has since coincided with the release of Director since version 5. Its versioning also has since
been tied to Director's and thus there were no Shockwave 2-4 releases.
Shockwave 1
The Shockwave plug-in for Netscape Navigator 2.0 was released in 1995, along with the standalone Afterburner
utility to compress Director files for Shockwave playback. The first large-scale multimedia site to use Shockwave
was Intel's 25th Anniversary of the Microprocessor [3]
Shockwave 5
Afterburner is integrated into the Director 5.0 authoring tool as an Xtra.
Shockwave 6
Added support for Shockwave Audio (swa) which consisted of the emerging MP3 file format with some additional
headers.
Shockwave 7
Added support for linked media including images and casts Added support for Shockwave Multiuser Server
Shockwave 8.5
Added support for Intel's 3D technologies including rendering.
Shockwave 10
Last version to support Mac OS X 10.3 and lower, and Mac OS 9
Shockwave 11
Added support for Intel-based Macs.
Branding and name confusion
In an attempt to raise its brand profile all Macromedia players prefixed Shockwave to their names in the late 1990s.
Although this campaign was very successful and helped establish Shockwave Flash as a dominant multimedia
plugin, Shockwave and Flash became more difficult to maintain as separate products. In 2005, Macromedia
marketed three distinct browser player plugins under the brand names Macromedia Authorware, Macromedia
Shockwave and Macromedia Flash.
35
Adobe Shockwave
Macromedia also released a web browser plug-in for viewing Macromedia FreeHand files online. It was branded
Macromedia Shockwave for FreeHand and displayed specially compressed .fhc Freehand files. [4]
Later, with the acquisition of Macromedia, Adobe Systems slowly began to rebrand all products related to
Shockwave.
Market penetration
According to Adobe Systems, Shockwave Player is available on 56 % of Internet-enabled PCs.[5] It uses .DCR (a
Director Compressed Resource) files created using the authoring tool Adobe Director.
External links
•
•
•
•
•
Adobe Shockwave Player [2]
Adobe.com/shockwave/welcome [6] - Test your Shockwave and Flash plugins
Adobe.com/Technote [7] - What's the difference between Shockwave and Flash? (dated 2004)
How Stuff Works - The Difference Between Flash and Shockwave [8]
Shockwave.com [9], games website created as an independent company in 1999 by Macromedia[10] and merged
with AtomFilms in 2001.[11]
• Shockwave3d.com [12] - hundreds of examples of Shockwave's 3D capabilities
• Dean's Shockwave Hall of Fame [13]
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
"Shockwave Player Technical Details" (http:/ / www. filehippo. com/ download_shockwave/ tech/ ). . Retrieved 19 January 2010.
http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ shockwaveplayer/
http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 19970103021015/ www1. intel. com/ intel/ museum/ 25anniv/ index. htm
Perry Board, Rick Luna and Derek O'Dell (1996). Creating Shockwave Web Pages - Chapter 20 Shockwave for Freehand (http:/ / www4.
dogus. edu. tr/ bim/ bil_kay/ pak_prog/ shockwave/ ch20. htm). Que Corporation. ISBN 0-7897-0903-1. . Retrieved 2008-03-30.
[5] Brown, Millward. "Shockwave Player Adoption Statistics" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ player_census/ shockwaveplayer/ ). Adobe
Systems. . Retrieved 2009-01-20.
[6] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ shockwave/ welcome/
[7] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ support/ general/ ts/ documents/ sw_flash_differences. htm
[8] http:/ / www. howstuffworks. com/ web-animation6. htm
[9] http:/ / www. shockwave. com
[10] The Shockwave.com Of The Future - Forbes.com (http:/ / www. forbes. com/ 2000/ 04/ 25/ feat2. html)
[11] AtomFilms to Merge with Shockwave.com (http:/ / www. internetnews. com/ bus-news/ article. php/ 3851_537931)
[12] http:/ / www. shockwave3d. com/
[13] http:/ / www. deansdirectortutorials. com/ resources/ cool. htm
36
Sandro Corsaro
Sandro Corsaro
Sandro Corsaro serves as Creative Director for Disney Online, a unit of Disney Interactive Media Group. He
oversees innovative online initiatives, such as the newly updated flagship web site, www.Disney.com. Prior to
joining Disney in 2006, Sandro worked in creative development for a number of other leading entertainment
companies, such as Warner Bros. Animation, MTV Networks, and Sony Pictures. Specializing in Flash animation,
Sandro has created projects for Fortune 500 clients such as Intel, Mattel, and Universal. He served as Creative
Director at Crest Digital, a worldwide leader in CD/DVD production and manufacturing, he was instrumental in
implementing Flash into the production pipeline and generated new services to produce games for DVD, Web, and
Mobile content delivery.
Corsaro is an author. In his books, he shares his distinctive techniques for applying traditional animation principles
in the Flash environment. Sandro has spoken at Siggraph, NAB, Flashforward, and on G4Tech TV. He also served as
an Adobe Systems Flash consultant.[1]
Sandro earned degrees in both Fine Arts and Animation from the University of Southern California.
Partial bibliography
• Corsaro, S. (2002). The Flash animator. Indianapolis, Ind: New Riders. ISBN 0735712824
• Corsaro, S., & Parrott, C. J. (2004). Hollywood 2D digital animation: the new Flash production revolution.
Boston, Mass: Thomson Course Technology. ISBN 159200170X
• Corsaro, S. (2003). Flash MX: animación. Diseño y creatividad. Madrid: Anaya Multimedia. ISBN 8441515484
He recently made an animated television show, Kick Buttowski, which
airs on Disney XD.
External links
• Official website [2]
• TV Show
• Published Papers for Siggraph [3]
References
[1] "Podcast: Sandro Corsaro interview" (http:/ / blog. flashforwardconference. com/ 2006/ 06/ 13/ podcast-sandro-corsaro-interview/ ).
flashforwardconference.com. 2006-06-13. . Retrieved 2008-02-19.
[2] http:/ / www. sandrocorsaro. com/
[3] http:/ / portal. acm. org/ author_page. cfm?id=81100570853& coll=GUIDE& dl=GUIDE& trk=0/
37
FHTML
FHTML
FHTML (Fluid Hyper Text Markup Language) or FluidHtml is an interpreted markup language[1] that renders in
Adobe Flash. [2] Rich Internet applications are globally popular, but most are not easy to learn, and generate pages
that are not amenable to search engine optimization;[3] FHTML was created to deal with these issues. FHTML can
be used with with server-side web technologies such as Java, .NET Framework and PHP, and includes a layout
engine that is more flexible than CSS.[3] FHTML is compatible in all major web browsers,[3] and allows web
developers to create rich web functionality using easy HTML-like code.[4] Development of the language is currently
in private beta testing,[5] but is planned to be opened for beta testing sometime in 2010.[5]
Advantages
FHTML has the ease of use and search engine optimization of HTML,[6] and does not need to be compiled like Flex,
Silverlight, and Flash.[1] Websites and schools can use the technology for free without support. FHTML runs on 95%
of current browsers with no additional plug-ins or download required.[4] It supports 3D computer animation natively,
and reduces total cost of ownership for a business.[4] .NET, Python, Java, PHP, and Ruby developers can all write
FHTML in their original language.[1]
Criticism
As search engines like Google and Yahoo gradually become more proficient at indexing the content of Flash files, a
critic wonders, "does FluidHTML really fix anything that isn’t already steadily improving?" [7]
Examples
Auction house Sotheby's uses FHTML for its online retail catalog.[8]
External links
• Official site [9]
• FluidHtml [10] on Twitter
References
[1] "TC50: FluidHTML Wants To Rewrite The Web With Flash-like HTML" (http:/ / techcrunch. com/ 2009/ 09/ 14/
tc50-fluidhtml-wants-to-rewrite-the-web-with-flash-like-html/ ). TechCrunch. 2009-09-14. .
[2] "FluidHtml" (http:/ / www. fluidhtml. com/ main/ #/ r=index. php). FHTML, Inc.. .
[3] "Fluid HTML" (http:/ / www. crunchbase. com/ company/ fluidhtml). CrunchBase. 2010. .
[4] "FHTML Launches New Markup Language for Rich Media at TechCrunch 50 2009" (http:/ / eon. businesswire. com/ portal/ site/ eon/
permalink?ndmViewId=news_view& newsId=20090914006382& newsLang=en). Enhanced Online News. .
[5] "FluidHtml / Get" (http:/ / www. fluidhtml. com/ main/ #/ r=index. php). fluidhtml. .
[6] "FHTML Selected to Present Its Groundbreaking FluidHtml Programming Language at the 12th Annual MIT Venture Capital Conference"
(http:/ / www. businesswire. com/ portal/ site/ home/ permalink/ ?ndmViewId=news_view& newsId=20091202005646& newsLang=en).
business wire. .
[7] "FluidHTML: A Markup Language That Generates Flash Content" (http:/ / flashspeaksactionscript. com/
fluidhtml-a-markup-language-that-generates-flash-content/ ). flashspeaksactionscript.com. 2009-09-16. .
[8] Ariel Schwartz (http:/ / www. fastcompany. com/ user/ 153941) (2009-09-14). "Can FluidHTML Make Flash Popular Again?" (http:/ / www.
fastcompany. com/ blog/ ariel-schwartz/ sustainability/ can-fluidhtml-make-flash-popular-again). FastCompany. .
[9] http:/ / www. fluidhtml. com/
[10] http:/ / twitter. com/ FluidHtml
38
Fdb
39
Fdb
Font Definition Block (abbreviation: FDB, filename extension .fdb) is a file format for computer fonts used by the
Ming library.
An FDB file is a wrapper containing an SWF DefineFont2 block which describes a font.
Flash Chart
A Flash chart is nothing but a Flash movie that depicts a standard statistical chart (e.g. bar chart, pie chart etc).
Flash charts are generated using a Flash Charting tool and they can be incorporated in websites or in desktop
applications.[1] Flash charts can be viewed on all computers that have Adobe Flash player installed on them. This
makes Flash charts widely accessible as Adobe Flash player is installed on almost 99% of computers worldwide. [2]
Flash charts offer a wide range of features which help in optimizing the data visualization experience. Drill-down is
a prominent feature of Flash charts which helps in building charts that are sensitive to mouse clicks. Using
drill-down it is possible view additional data associated with each of the plots displayed on the chart. Flash charts
also support tooltips, animation and offer many other types of interactive and aesthetic features. Flash charts are also
capable of dynamic update. This means that the chart generator component can be linked to a dynamic data source.
Dynamically updated charts are widely used on stock market websites to show current values of stocks. In most
cases dynamic update is facilitated with the help of server side scripting languages like PHP, ASP.NET, ColdFusion,
JSP etc.[1]
History
The concept of Flash charting originated around 2002. Prior to that Adobe Flash (then Macromedia Flash) was
primarily used for creation of animated “intros” for websites. It was even used for development of standalone gaming
applications – however, it’s potential to be used for something as intense as charting was not realized until Flash
charting products like FusionCharts came onto the scene.[3] Flash Charting tools are now offered by numerous
vendors and Flash based data visualization has become a thriving industry in itself.
Types of Flash Charting Tools
Flash charting tools/software can be classified into following two types:
1. SWF Generation Tool: SWF Generation tools helps in creating an SWF file (Flash movie) that depicts an
animated and interactive chart. Essentially, these tools provide an authoring environment through which a chart is
configured and an SWF file is generated. Although these tools generate aesthetically-pleasing charts, they can
only be used for creation of static charts (where data remains constant).
[1]
1. Data Driven Flash Charting Tools: Data driven Flash charting tools are widely deployed in websites and web
applications. Essentially, a data driven Flash charting tool comprises of a collection of SWF files which are
responsible for generating charts. The SWF files generate charts with the help of data and configuration provided
through XML or JSON. Data driven Flash charting tools support dynamic data and can be integrated with
server-side technologies like ASP.NET, PHP, ColdFusion etc.[1]
Flash Chart
External Links
• The FusionCharts Blog [4]
• Smashing Magazine [5]
• ZingChart [6]
References
[1] Charts And Graphs: Modern Solutions Smashing Magazine (http:/ / www. smashingmagazine. com/ 2007/ 10/ 18/
charts-and-graphs-modern-solutions/ )
[2] Adobe Flash Player Version Penetration (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ player_census/ flashplayer/ version_penetration. html)
[3] Happy sixth anniversary FusionCharts The FusionCharts Blog (http:/ / blog. fusioncharts. com/ 2008/ 10/ fusioncharts-turns-6. html)
[4] http:/ / blog. fusioncharts. com/ 2008/ 10/ fusioncharts-turns-6. html
[5] http:/ / www. smashingmagazine. com/ 2007/ 10/ 18/ charts-and-graphs-modern-solutions/
[6] http:/ / www. zingchart. com/
40
Flash Gallery
41
Flash Gallery
Developer(s)
Reality Software
Initial release
May 20, 2008
Written in
Flash, PHP, XML
Operating system
Cross Platform
Development status Active
Type
web application
License
Creative Commons Attribution
Website
Flash Gallery homepage
[1]
Flash Gallery is a web application that allows users to create a slideshow on their websites. It is based on Flash and
PHP, but it can be installed without any programming skills. Users are required to embed a piece of HTML code into
their site, and the application automatically generates a slideshow using local images or a Flickr photostream. The
look of the application is customizable via an XML file.
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
Easy installation.
Forms slideshow automatically.
Supports Flickr photostream.
Customizable design.
Fully resizable.
Fullscreen and autostart options.
Flash Gallery
See also
• Photo gallery comparison
External links
• Flash Gallery main site [1]
• Flash Gallery on Flickr [2]
References
[1] http:/ / www. flash-gallery. org/
[2] http:/ / www. flickr. com/ services/ apps/ 72157623124944067/
Adobe Flash Lite
Adobe Flash Lite is a lightweight version of Adobe Flash Player, a software application published by Adobe
Systems. This version is intended for mobile phones and other portable electronic devices like Chumby and iRiver,
and allows users of these devices to view multimedia content and applications developed using Adobe's Flash tools,
which had previously been available only on personal computers.
Technical overview
Flash Lite is a development technology implemented at the client-side, or user interface layer. Recent changes to
ActionScript allow Flash Lite to better integrate with and even compete with device-layer technologies like Java ME
and BREW. Flash Lite should not be considered a mobile operating system like Symbian OS, Windows Mobile,
iPhone OS, or Android: it is a technology for developing applications that run on a mobile operating system.
Flash Lite 1.1 supports Flash 4 ActionScript. Flash Lite 2.0, based on Flash Player 7, supports Flash 7's newer
ActionScript 2.0. Both versions also support the World Wide Web Consortium's Standard SVG Tiny, a mobile
profile of the consortium's Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) recommendation. Unlike SVG, Flash Lite can add audio
and interactive elements without the use of other technologies such as JavaScript. As with Flash, Flash Lite is able to
read and redraw external XML content. Flash Lite 3 is based on Flash 8, which brings closer the gap between mobile
and desktop content by supporting H.264 video standard, as well as On2 VP6 and Sorenson video codecs. It also
introduces the support to FLV video content. Flash Lite 4.0 supports ActionScript 3, and will be a browser plugin,
not a standalone player.
History
In 2005 Adobe Systems completed its acquisition of Macromedia, the original developers of Flash. At that time,
Flash Lite had been available to mobile users in Japan and Europe for some time prior to its availability in the United
States. NTT DoCoMo was the first carriers to adopt Flash Lite in May 2003.
As a promotion for Flash Lite in February 2005, Macromedia conducted its first Mobile Flash Content Contest. From
the over 150 applications submitted, nine winners were selected in areas of Best Business and Productivity
Application, Most Innovative use of Flash Lite, Best Animation, Best Business Application, Best Educational
Content, Best Game, Best Interactive Content, Best Productivity Application, and Best Overall Use of Flash Lite.[1]
In May 2006, the iriver U10 (later re-branded as the iriver clix) was released, which supported Flash Lite content in a
landscape page orientation. The U10 was the first digital audio player to support Flash Lite.
42
Adobe Flash Lite
In 2005, almost 100% of Flash Lite enabled devices were found in Japan. In February 2007, Adobe claimed that over
70% of Flash Lite devices were shipped outside of Japan [2] .
In October 2006, Verizon Wireless announced support for Flash Lite [3] , making it the first operator in the USA to
adopt the technology. Flash Lite was initially available on four handset models (Motorola RAZR V3c and V3m,
Samsung SCH-a950 and LG The V (VX9800)) as a BREW extension. This allows users to download Flash Lite
applications from Verizon's "Get It Now" service, but it does not allow users to view Flash objects from their web
browser.
In February 2007, Adobe announced at the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona that the next release of Flash Lite
(version 3) would support video, including streaming video [4] . In October 2007, Adobe announced the release of
Flash Lite 3[5] .
At Adobe's 2007 Financial Analyst Meeting, Al Ramadan, then senior vice-president of Adobe's Mobile and Voice
Solutions Business Unit, announced that by December 2006, 220M Flash Lite devices had been shipped. He also
noted Adobe's acquisition of certain vector rendering technology by Actimagine, intended to reduce the Flash Lite
player's memory footprint in future versions[6] [7] .
As of March 2008, neither Adobe nor Verizon Wireless have announced the availability of Adobe Flash Cast, per the
February 2007 press release for availability by the end of calendar year 2007.
In September 2009, Opera Software integrated Flash Lite 3.1 in the Internet Channel application for the Wii gaming
console.
Versions
• Macromedia Flash Lite 1.0 and 1.1
• Based on Flash Player 4
• Macromedia Flash Lite 2.0 (December 2005)
• Released in 2005, which brought its capabilities in line with Flash Player 7.
• Adobe Flash Lite 2.1 (December 2006)
• Running on the BREW platform
• Adobe Flash Lite 3 (Announced on February 2007)
• Support for FLV transcoding
• Adobe Flash Lite 3.1 (February 2009)[8]
Flash Lite compared to similar development platforms
Flash Lite is a mobile development platform that can either be used in place of Java ME or run on top of Java ME in
a Flash Lite Player. Other platforms include BREW, Symbian, and Windows Mobile. In 2006 Qualcomm announced
a partnership with Adobe to bring the Flash Lite player to the BREW runtime.
Flash Lite content may be viewed on handsets installed with the Flash Lite player in the same way that Java content
may be viewed on phones with a Java ME runtime. Both of these technologies may be present on the same handset
and do not compete directly.
Applications, games and other content may be developed in either technology. Flash Lite has several advantages and
several disadvantages when compared to Java ME.
Advantages:
• Rapid development due to the Adobe Flash IDE makes iterative software prototyping and software testing
relatively easy.
• Better support for the Write once, run anywhere (WORA) methodology that does not depend on specific APIs
being available. This results in little or no porting, which is a major cost in Java ME development.
43
Adobe Flash Lite
• Graphics are vector based (bitmap support is also included) which allows for scaling, rotation and other
transformations without loss of graphic quality.
• Ability to pack more animation and graphics into the same file size provided by the use of vector graphics.
• Ability to convert web-based (desktop) Flash content to mobile and vice versa, with minimal effort.
• Flash development skills—understanding of the IDE and of the scripting language—readily ports from the
desktop IDE to the mobile development environment.
Disadvantages:
• As of 2 October 2008, only a 361 phones offer support for Flash Lite[9] . However this is changing rapidly in
North America and Europe with carriers like Verizon and manufacturers like Nokia, Sony Ericsson and LG
having announced Flash Lite devices in 2006 and 2007. Its limited availability means a limited audience
compared with that of Java ME, Symbian, or BREW.
• Relatively poor graphical performance (due to the more complex processing required for vector graphics).
• Poor handling of sound compared to other programs.
Project Capuchin
On April 30, 2008, Sony Ericsson announced Project Capuchin [10] , a bridge that allows Flash Lite to run as a
front-end to Java ME and in this way, combine Java's APIs and direct communication with the mobile phone's
hardware (bluetooth, WiFi and others) with Flash's graphical interface.[11]
See also
• SWF file format, the files generated by the Flash application.
External links
•
•
•
•
Official Flash Lite information [12]
Bill Perry - Flash Lite Evangelist for Asia, Japan and the Americas [13]
Mark Doherty - Flash Lite Evangelist for Europe, Middle East and Africa [14]
Adobe article on Developing Flash Lite for BREW applications for Verizon Wireless [15]
References
[1] Adobe Mobile Flash Content Contest Winners (http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ devnet/ devices/ articles/ flashlite_winners. html)
[2] "Adobe’s Mobile Flash Technology Now Seeing Growth in Europe and North America" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/
pressreleases/ 200702/ 0212073GSM. html). Adobe Systems. 2007-02-12. .
[3] "Verizon Wireless Customers Can Now “Flash-Enable” Their Phones With New Get It Now Applications" (http:/ / investor. verizon. com/
news/ view. aspx?NewsID=782). Verizon. 2006-10-25. .
[4] "Upcoming Release of Flash Lite to Integrate Video Playback Capabilities" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/
200702/ 021207FlashVideo. html). Adobe Systems. 2007-02-12. .
[5] "Flash Player for Mobile Devices Delivers High-Impact Video and Dynamic Web Content" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/
pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200709/ 100107FlashLite3. html). Adobe Systems. 2007-10-01. .
[6] "Adobe Presentation on business opportunities in mobile" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ invrelations/ 2007_analyst_mtg/ pdfs/
Al_Ramadan. pdf). Adobe Systems. .
[7] "2007 Financial Analyst Meeting" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ invrelations/ 2007_analyst_mtg/ 2007analystmeeting. html). .
[8] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200902/ 021609FlashLiteDistr. html
[9] http:/ / 192. 150. 8. 60/ mobile/ supported_devices/ handsets. html#toshiba
[10] Sony Ericsson's new Project Capuchin bridges Java ME and Flash Lite (http:/ / developer. sonyericsson. com/ site/ global/ newsandevents/
latestnews/ newsapr08/ p_project_capuchin_announcement. jsp)
[11] Macworld | Sony Ericsson combines Java and Flash (http:/ / www. macworld. com/ article/ 133226/ 2008/ 04/ sonyeric. html)
[12] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashlite/
[13] http:/ / www. flashdevices. net
[14] http:/ / www. flashmobileblog. com
44
Adobe Flash Lite
45
[15] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ devices/ articles/ developing_for_brew. html
Flash MP3 Player
Developer(s)
Reality Software
Initial release
March 11, 2008
Written in
Flash, PHP, XML
Operating system
Cross Platform
Development status Active
Type
web application
License
Creative Commons Attribution
Website
Flash MP3 Player homepage
[1]
Flash MP3 Player is a web application that allows users to create a music player on their website. It is based on
Flash and PHP, but it can be installed without any programming skills. Users are simply required to embed a piece of
HTML code into their website and application automatically generates a playlist by scanning a specified folder for
MP3 files and using ID3 tags for naming. The looks of the application is customizable via XML file.
Features
•
•
•
•
•
Easy installation.
Forms playlist automatically.
Customizable design.
Fully resizable.
Autoplay and autoresume options.
Flash MP3 Player
See also
• Comparison of media players
External links
• Flash MP3 Player main site [1]
• Flash MP3 Player demo [2]
• Flash MP3 Player download [3]
References
[1] http:/ / www. flashmp3player. org/
[2] http:/ / www. flashmp3player. org/ demo. html
[3] http:/ / www. flashmp3player. org/ download. html
46
Adobe Flash Player
47
Adobe Flash Player
Developer(s)
Initial release
1996
Stable release
10.0.45.2
Preview release
[1]
(February 11, 2010)
10.1.53.38 RC 4
[2]
[1]
[ +/−
(May 6, 2010)
]
[2]
[ +/−
]
Operating
system
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris and Pocket PC
Platform
Web browsers
Available in
Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Spanish, Korean
Type
Interpreter, Media Player
License
Proprietary freeware EULA
Website
Adobe Flash Player Homepage
[3]
.
[4]
The Adobe Flash Player is software for viewing animations and movies using computer programs such as a web
browser. Flash player is a widely distributed proprietary multimedia and application player created by Macromedia
and now developed and distributed by Adobe after its acquisition. Flash Player runs SWF files that can be created by
the Adobe Flash authoring tool, by Adobe Flex or by a number of other Macromedia and third party tools.
Adobe Flash, or simply Flash, refers to both a multimedia authoring program and the Adobe Flash Player, written
and distributed by Adobe, that uses vector and raster graphics, a native scripting language called ActionScript and
bidirectional streaming of video and audio. Strictly speaking, Adobe Flash is the authoring environment and Flash
Player is the virtual machine used to run the Flash files, but in colloquial language these have become mixed: "Flash"
can mean either the authoring environment, the player, or the application files.
Flash Player has support for an embedded scripting language called ActionScript (AS), which is based on
ECMAScript. Since its inception, ActionScript has matured from a script syntax without variables to one that
supports object-oriented code, and may now be compared in capability to JavaScript (another ECMAScript-based
scripting language).
The Flash Player was originally designed to display 2-dimensional vector animation, but has since become suitable
for creating rich Internet applications and streaming video and audio. It uses vector graphics to minimize file size
and create files that save bandwidth and loading time. Flash is a common format for games, animations, and GUIs
embedded into web pages.
The Flash Player is available as a plugin for recent versions of web browsers (such as Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Safari
and Internet Explorer) on selected platforms. Adobe states that each version of the plugin is backwards-compatible,
with the exception of security changes introduced in Version 10.[5]
Adobe Flash Player
48
Supported platforms
The latest version of Flash Player, Version 10, is available for Windows 2000 and newer, Linux, Solaris and Mac OS
X. Version 9 is the most recent official version currently available for the Linux/ARM-based Nokia 770/N800/N810
Internet Tablets running Maemo OS2008, classic Mac OS and Windows 95/NT.[6] [7] Version 10 can be run under
Win9x using KernelEx [8]. HP offers Version 6 of the player for HP-UX.[9] Other versions of the player have been
available at some point for OS/2, Symbian OS, Palm OS, BeOS and IRIX.[10] The Kodak Easyshare One includes
Flash Play. The Flash Player SDK was used to develop its on-screen menus, which are rendered and displayed using
the included Flash Player.[11] Among other devices, LeapFrog Enterprises provides Flash Player with their Leapster
Multimedia Learning System and extended the Flash Player with touch-screen support.[12] Sony has integrated Flash
Player 6 into the PlayStation Portable's web browser via firmware version 2.70 and Flash Player 9 into the
PlayStation 3's web browser in firmware version 2.50[13] . Nintendo has integrated Flash Lite 3.1, equivalent to Flash
8, in the Internet Channel on the Wii.
Adobe released an alpha version of Flash Player 10 for x86-64 Linux on the 17th November 2008. Adobe engineers
have stated that 64-bit editions for all supported platforms are in development; alpha releases for Mac and Windows
will come in future pre releases.[14] Adobe said it will optimize Flash for use on ARM architecture (ARMv6 and
ARMv7 architectures used in the ARM11 family and the Cortex-A series of processors) and release it in the second
half of 2009. The company also stated it wants to enable Flash on NVIDIA Tegra, Texas Instruments OMAP 3 and
Samsung ARMs.[15] [16] Beginning 2009, it was announced that Adobe would be bringing Flash to TV sets via Intel
Media Processor CE 3100 before mid-2009.[17] Later on, ARM Holdings said it welcomes the move of Flash,
because "it will transform mobile applications and it removes the claim that the desktop controls the Internet."[18]
However, as of May 2009, the expected ARM/Linux netbook devices had poor support for Web video and
fragmented software base.[19]
Although SWF has recently become an open format again, Adobe has not been willing to make complete source
code available for free software development. The source code for the ActionScript Virtual Machine has been
released as a project named Tamarin[20] under the terms of an MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license. It includes the
specification for the ActionScript byte code format. This project is jointly managed by Mozilla and Adobe. The full
specification of the SWF format is available without restriction by Adobe. The free software players Gnash and
Swfdec are quite incomplete at this time. However, because SWF is now an open format, the free players should
achieve higher quality going forward as developers implement the official SWF specifications.
Mobile operating systems
Following table shows Flash Player support for mobile operating systems:
Mobile OS
Latest Adobe Flash version
[21] [22]
Windows Mobile/Pocket
PC
7 (stand-alone apps v6)
Symbian OS
[24]
Adobe Flash Lite 3.1
iPhone OS
N/A
Palm WebOS
N/A
Palm OS
5 (no web browser integration)
BlackBerry OS
N/A
PS3 Internet Browser
9.1(update 3)
PSP Internet Browser
6
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[23]
and Lite 3.1
Adobe Flash Player
49
[29]
Android
10
Maemo
9.4
[30]
Internet Privacy/Persistent Identification Elements
Flash Player is an application that, while running on a computer that is connected to the Internet, is designed to
contemporaneously interact with websites containing Flash content that are being visited online. As such, under
certain configurations the application has the potential to silently compromise its users' Internet privacy, and do so
without their knowledge. By default, Flash Player is configured to permit small, otherwise invisible "tracking" files,
known as Persistent Identification Elements (PIEs)[31] or Local Shared Object files, to be stored on the hard drive of
a user's computer. Sent in the background over the Internet from websites to which a user is connected, these files
work much the way "cookies" do with Internet browsers. When stored on a user's computer, PIE (.sol) files are
capable of sending personally sensitive data back out over the Internet without the user's knowledge to one or more
third parties. In addition, Flash Player is also capable of accessing and retrieving audio and video data from any
microphone and/or webcams that might be either built in or connected to a user's computer and transmitting it in
realtime over the Internet (also potentially without the user's knowledge) to one or more third parties.
While these capabilities can all be affirmatively blocked and/or disabled by the user, the Flash Player application
does not provide an internally accessible "preferences" panel to accomplish this. Instead access to the various
settings panels necessary to manage the application's "Privacy," "Storage," "Security," and "Notifications" settings
can be achieved through a web-based "Settings Manager" [65] page located on the "support" section of the
Adobe.com website, or by third party tools (see Local Shared Object). Each of the functions can be enabled/disabled
either "globally" to cover all websites, or set differently for individual websites depending on how the user desires
Flash Player to be able to interact with each one.
Although Flash Control Panel Settings in theory allow users to protect their privacy, they should also be aware that
suitably crafted Visual Basic Script or similar code can overwrite any user defined settings before the Flash Player
Plug-in is called by a webpage.
In addition to cookies, many banks and other financial institutions also routinely install Persistent Identification
Elements using Flash Player on users' hard drives when they establish and access their accounts, as do other
interactive sites such as YouTube.
History
• Macromedia Flash Player 2 (1997)
• Mostly vectors and motion, some bitmaps, limited audio
• Support of stereo sound, enhanced bitmap integration, buttons, the Library, and the capability to tween color
changes.
• Macromedia Flash Player 3 (1998)
• Added alpha transparency, licensed MP3 compression
• Brought improvements to animation, playback, and publishing, as well as the introduction of simple script
commands for interactivity.
• Macromedia Flash Player 4 (May 1999)
• Saw the introduction of streaming MP3s and the Motion Tween. Initially, the Flash Player plug-in was not
bundled with popular web browsers and users had to visit Macromedia website to download it; As of 2000,
however, the Flash Player was already being distributed with all AOL, Netscape and Internet Explorer
browsers. Two years later it shipped with all releases of Windows XP. The install-base of the Flash Player
reached 92 percent of all Internet users.
Adobe Flash Player
• Macromedia Flash Player 5 (August 2000)
• A major leap forward in capability, with the evolution of Flash's scripting capabilities as released as
ActionScript.
• Saw the ability to customize the authoring environment's interface.
• Macromedia Generator was the first initiative from Macromedia to separate design from content in Flash files.
Generator 2.0 was released in April 2001 and featured real-time server-side generation of Flash content in its
Enterprise Edition. Generator was discontinued in 2002 in favor of new technologies such as Flash Remoting,
which allows for seamless transmission of data between the server and the client, and ColdFusion Server.
• In October 2000, usability guru Jakob Nielsen wrote a polemic article regarding usability of Flash content
entitled "Flash 99% Bad [32]". (Macromedia later hired Nielsen to help them improve Flash usability.)
• Macromedia Flash Player 6 (version 6.0.21.0, codenamed Exorcist) (March 2002)
•
•
•
•
•
Support for the consuming Flash Remoting (AMF) and Web Service (SOAP)
Supports ondemand/live audio and video streaming (RTMP)
Support for screenreaders via Microsoft Active Accessibility
Added Sorenson Spark video codec for Flash Video[33]
Support for video, application components, shared libraries, and accessibility.
• Macromedia Flash Communication Server MX, also released in 2002, allowed video to be streamed to Flash
Player 6 (otherwise the video could be embedded into the Flash movie).
• Macromedia Flash Player 7 (version 7.0.14.0, codenamed Mojo) (September 2003)
• Supports progressive audio and video streaming (HTTP)
• Supports ActionScript 2.0, an Object-Oriented Programming Language for developers
• Ability to create charts, graphs and additional text effects with the new support for extensions (sold
separately), high fidelity import of PDF and Adobe Illustrator 10 files, mobile and device development and a
forms-based development environment. ActionScript 2.0 was also introduced, giving developers a formal
Object-Oriented approach to ActionScript. V2 Components replaced Flash MX's components, being rewritten
from the ground up to take advantage of ActionScript 2.0 and Object-Oriented principles.
• In 2004, the "Flash Platform" was introduced. This expanded Flash to more than the Flash authoring tool. Flex
1.0 and Breeze 1.0 were released, both of which utilized the Flash Player as a delivery method but relied on
tools other than the Flash authoring program to create Flash applications and presentations. Flash Lite 1.1 was
also released, enabling mobile phones to play Flash content.
• Macromedia Flash Player 8 (version 8.0.22.0, codenamed Maelstrom) (August 2005)
• Support for runtime loading of GIF and PNG images
• New video codec (On2 VP6)
• Improved runtime performance and runtime bitmap caching
• Live filters and blendmodes
• File upload and download capabilities
• New text-rendering engine, the Saffron Type System
• ExternalAPI subsystem introduced to replace fscommand()
• On December 3, 2005, Adobe Systems acquired Macromedia and its product portfolio (including Flash).[34]
• Adobe Flash Player 9 (version 9.0.15.0, codenamed Zaphod) (June 2006) previously named Flash Player 8.5
•
•
•
•
New ECMAScript scripting engine, ActionScript Virtual Machine AVM2. AVM1 retained for compatibility.
Actionscript 3 via AVM2.
E4X, which is a new approach to parsing XML.
Support for binary sockets.
• Support for Regular Expressions and namespaces.
• ECMAScript 4 virtual machine donated to Mozilla Foundation and named Tamarin.
50
Adobe Flash Player
• Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 1 (version 9.0.28.0, codenamed Marvin) (November 2006[35] )
• Support for full-screen mode.[36]
• Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 2 (version Mac/Windows 9.0.47.0 and Linux 9.0.48.0, codenamed Hotblack)
(July 2007)
• Security Update
• Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0, codenamed Moviestar or Frogstar) (December 2007)[37] [38]
• H.264
• AAC (HE-AAC, AAC Main Profile, and AAC-LC)
• New Flash Video file format F4V based on the ISO Base Media File Format (MPEG-4 Part 12)
• Support for container formats based on the ISO base media file format[38]
• Adobe Flash Player 10 (version 10.0.12.36, codenamed Astro) (October 2008)
• New Features
•
•
•
•
3D object transformations
Custom filters via Pixel Bender
Advanced text support
Speex audio codec
• Real Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP)
• Dynamic sound generation
• Vector data type
• Enhanced Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Larger bitmap support
Graphics drawing API
Context menu
Hardware acceleration
Anti-aliasing engine (Saffron 3.1)
Read/write clipboard access
WMODE
Criticism
In April 2010, Steve Jobs CEO of Apple Inc. published an open letter claiming why Apple wouldn't allow Flash on
iPhones, iPods and iPads. One of the six reasons mentioned was security. Jobs wrote "Symantec recently highlighted
Flash for having one of the worst security records in 2009."[39]
Steve Jobs openly criticised the stability of the Flash Player, claiming that when one of Apple's Macintosh computers
crashes, "more often than not" the cause can be attributed to Flash. Additionally, he labeled Flash as "buggy".[40]
Adobe's CEO Shantanu Narayen responded by saying, "If Flash [is] the number one reason that Macs crash, which
I'm not aware of, it has as much to do with the Apple operating system."[41]
51
Adobe Flash Player
See also
Adobe Flash Player
• Adobe Flash Lite, a lightweight version of Flash Player for devices that lack the resources to run regular Flash
movies.
• Flash Video
• Local Shared Object
• Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP)
• Saffron Type System, the anti-aliased text-rendering engine used in version 8 onwards.
• SWF file format, the files generated by the Flash application and played by Flash Player.
• SWFObject, a JavaScript library used to embed Flash content into webpages.
Other
•
•
•
•
•
SWF2EXE Software
Gnash, a free software Flash player
Swfdec, a free software Flash player
Adobe Shockwave Player
External links
• Adobe Flash Player [42]
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Template%3Alatest_stable_software_release%2Fadobe_flash_player
http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Template%3Alatest_preview_software_release%2Fadobe_flash_player
Flash Player Download Center (http:/ / get. adobe. com/ flashplayer/ )
http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashplayer/
Understanding the security changes in Flash Player 10 - Setting data on the system Clipboard requires user interaction (http:/ / www. adobe.
com/ devnet/ flashplayer/ articles/ fplayer10_security_changes_02. html), Abobe Developer Center
[6] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ shockwave/ download/ alternates/
[7] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ cfusion/ knowledgebase/ index. cfm?id=d9c2fe33
[8] http:/ / sourceforge. net/ projects/ kernelex/
[9] http:/ / www. hp. com/ support/ macromedia_software/
[10] http:/ / www. allbusiness. com/ technology/ computer-software/ 300738-1. html/
[11] Macromedia - Flash Player SDK http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashplayer_sdk/ (Taken 7 July 2006)
[12] Adobe Success Story: LeapFrog Enterprises http:/ / www. adobe. com/ cfusion/ showcase/ index. cfm?event=casestudydetail&
casestudyid=21019& loc=en_us (Taken 7 July 2006)
[13] "New info on the firmware updates for PS3 and PSP" (http:/ / threespeech. com/ blog/ 2008/ 10/
new-info-on-the-firmware-updates-for-ps3-and-psp/ ). ThreeSpeech. 2008-10-14. .
[14] "Upcoming versions of 64-bit Windows and Mac versions of Flash Player" (http:/ / labs. adobe. com/ technologies/ flashplayer10/ faq.
html#flashplayer10FAQ_64-bit01). Adobe FAQ. 2008-11-21. .
[15] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200811/ 111708ARMAdobeFlash. html
[16] http:/ / www. electronista. com/ articles/ 08/ 11/ 17/ adobe. flash. for. arm. in. 2k9/
[17] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200901/ 010509IntelAdobePR. html
[18] http:/ / www. electronicsweekly. com/ Articles/ 2008/ 05/ 02/ 43661/ arm-welcomes-adobes-mobile-flash-move. htm
[19] http:/ / www. eetimes. com/ news/ latest/ showArticle. jhtml?articleID=216500372
[20] http:/ / www. mozilla. org/ projects/ tamarin/
[21] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashplayer_pocketpc/
[22] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ mobile/ supported_devices/ pda. html
[23] http:/ / www. 1800pocketpc. com/ 2008/ 09/ 07/ flash-lite-31-and-opera-mobile-95-build-1938-for-wm61. html
[24] http:/ / news. digitaltrends. com/ news-article/ 19244/ adobe-flash-lite-3-1-hits-symbian-wimo
[25] http:/ / www. wired. com/ gadgetlab/ 2008/ 11/ adobe-flash-on/
[26] http:/ / apcmag. com/ adobe_explains_why_theres_no_flash_on_iphone_or_blackberry. htm
52
Adobe Flash Player
[27] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ devices/ psp. html
[28] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ devices/ psp. html
[29] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200906/ 062409AdobeandHTCBringFlashPlatformtoAndroid. html
[30] http:/ / maemo. nokia. com/ features/ maemo-browser/
[31] "Persistent Identification Elements (PIE) and Internet Privacy" (http:/ / vlaurie. com/ computers2/ Articles/ pie. htm). .
[32] http:/ / www. useit. com/ alertbox/ 20001029. html
[33] Macromedia, Inc. (2002-03-04) Macromedia and Sorenson Media bring video to Macromedia Flash content and applications (http:/ / www.
adobe. com/ macromedia/ proom/ pr/ 2002/ flash_mx_video. html), Retrieved on 2009-08-09
[34] "Adobe Completes Acquisition of Macromedia" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200512/
120505AdobeAcquiresMacromedia. html). Adobe Systems. 2005-12-05. . Retrieved 2007-06-18.
[35] Emmy Huang: Flash Player 9 Update (9.0.28.0) release now available for Windows and Macintosh (http:/ / weblogs. macromedia. com/
emmy/ archives/ 2006/ 11/ flash_player_9_4. cfm)
[36] Adobe - Developer Center : Exploring full-screen mode in Flash Player 9 (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flashplayer/ articles/
full_screen_mode. html)
[37] Adobe press release: http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200712/ 120407adobemoviestar. html. Blog post
from Emmy Huang, the Product Manager for Adobe Flash Player: http:/ / weblogs. macromedia. com/ emmy/ archives/ 2007/ 12/
flash_player_9_10. cfm
[38] Adobe Systems Incorporated (2007-12-03) List of codecs supported by Adobe Flash Player (http:/ / kb2. adobe. com/ cps/ 402/ kb402866.
html), Retrieved on 2009-08-05
[39] Steve Jobs (2010-04-29). "Thoughts on Flash" (http:/ / www. apple. com/ hotnews/ thoughts-on-flash/ ). Apple. . Retrieved 2010-05-09.
[40] Cassella, Dena (2010-02-01). "Steve Jobs Unleashes His Fury During Town Hall Meeting" (http:/ / www. digitaltrends. com/ computing/
steve-jobs-unleashes-his-fury-during-town-hall-meeting/ ). . Retrieved 2010-02-22.
[41] http:/ / blogs. telegraph. co. uk/ technology/ shanerichmond/ 100005034/ adobe-hits-back-at-apples-smokescreen/
[42] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flash/ about/
53
Flash Video
54
Flash Video
Filename extension .flv, .f4v, .f4p, .f4a, .f4b
Internet media
type
video/x-flv, video/mp4, video/x-m4v, audio/mp4a-latm, video/3gpp, video/quicktime, audio/mp4
Developed by
Adobe Systems (originally developed by Macromedia)
Type of format
Media container
Container for
Audio, video, text, data
Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (initially
produced by Macromedia) versions 6–10. Flash Video content may also be embedded within SWF files. There are
two different video file formats defined by Adobe Systems and supported in Adobe Flash Player: FLV and F4V. The
audio and video data within FLV files are encoded in the same way as they are within SWF files. The latter F4V file
format is based on the ISO base media file format and is supported starting with Flash Player 9 update 3.[1] [2]
The format has quickly established itself as the format of choice for embedded video on the web. Notable users of
the Flash Video format include YouTube, Google Video, Yahoo! Video, metacafe, Reuters.com, and many other
news providers.
The standards documentation for BBC Online states that the BBC now preferentially accepts Flash videos for
submission, to the disadvantage of other formats previously in use on its sites[3] such as RealVideo or WMV.
Though the Flash Video container format itself is published, most of the compression formats used with it are
patented. Flash Video FLV files usually contain material encoded with codecs following the Sorenson Spark or VP6
video compression formats. The most recent public releases of Flash Player also support H.264 video and HE-AAC
audio.
Flash Video is viewable on most operating systems, via the widely available Adobe Flash Player and web browser
plugin, or one of several third-party programs.
Flash Player
The Adobe Flash Player is a multimedia and application player originally developed by Macromedia and acquired
by Adobe Systems. It plays SWF files which can be created by the Adobe Flash authoring tool, Adobe Flex, or a
number of other Adobe Systems and third party tools. It has support for a scripting language called ActionScript,
which can be used to display Flash Video from an SWF file. Because the Flash Player runs as a browser plug-in, it is
possible to embed Flash Video in web pages and view the video within a web browser.
Format details
Commonly, Flash Video FLV files contain video bit streams which are a proprietary variant of the H.263 video
standard,[4] under the name of Sorenson Spark (FourCC FLV1).[5] [6] Sorenson Spark is an older codec for FLV files
but it is also a widely available and compatible one, because it was the first video codec supported in Flash Player.[7]
It is the required video compression format for Flash Player 6 and 7.[8] Flash Player 8 and newer revisions also
support the playback of On2 TrueMotion VP6 video bit streams (FourCC VP6F or FLV4). On2 VP6 is the preferred
video compression format for use with Flash Player 8 and higher.[5] [9] On2 VP6 can provide a higher visual quality
than Sorenson Spark, especially when using lower bit rates. On the other hand it is computationally more complex
Flash Video
55
and therefore will not run as well on certain older system configurations.[8] [10]
Flash Player 9 Update 3, released on December 3, 2007,[11] also includes support for the new Flash Video file format
F4V and H.264 video standard (also known as MPEG-4 part 10, or AVC) which is even more computationally
demanding, but offers significantly better quality/bitrate ratio.[12] Specifically, Flash Player now supports video
compressed in H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10), audio compressed using AAC (MPEG-4 Part 3), the F4V, MP4 (MPEG-4
Part 14), M4V, M4A, 3GP and MOV multimedia container formats, 3GPP Timed Text specification (MPEG-4 Part
17) which is a standardized subtitle format and partial parsing support for the 'ilst' atom which is the ID3 equivalent
iTunes uses to store metadata. MPEG-4 Part 2 video (e.g. created with DivX or Xvid) is not supported.[13]
The Flash Video FLV file format supports two versions of a so called 'screenshare' (Screen video) codec which is an
encoding format designed for screencasts. Both these formats are bitmap tile based, can be lossy by reducing color
depths and are compressed using zlib. The second version is only playable in Flash Player 8 and newer.
Audio in Flash Video files is usually encoded as MP3. However, audio in Flash Video FLV files recorded from the
user's microphone use the proprietary Nellymoser Asao Codec.[14] (Flash Player 10 released in 2008 also supports
the open source Speex codec.[15] ) FLV files also support uncompressed audio or ADPCM format audio. Recent
versions of Flash Player 9 support AAC (HE-AAC/AAC SBR, AAC Main Profile, and AAC-LC).[16]
Support for encoding Flash Video files is provided by an encoding tool included with Adobe's Flash Professional and
Creative Suite products, On2's Flix encoding tools, Sorenson Squeeze, FFmpeg and other third party tools.
File formats
Support for video in SWF file format was added in Flash Player 6, released in 2002. In 2003, Flash Player 7 added
direct support for FLV file format. Because of restrictions in the FLV file format, Adobe Systems has created in
2007 new file formats listed below, based on the ISO base media file format (MPEG-4 Part 12). Flash Player does
not check the extension of the file, but rather looks inside the file to detect which format it is.[13] [17] The new file
formats are completely different from the older FLV file format. For example, F4V does not support Screen video,
Sorenson Spark, VP6 video compression formats and ADPCM, Nellymoser audio compression formats.[1] [17]
Authors of Flash Player strongly encourage everyone to embrace the new standard file format F4V (ISO base media
file format). There are functional limits with the FLV structure when streaming H.264 or AAC which could not be
overcome without a redesign of the file format. This is one reason why Adobe Systems is moving away from the
traditional FLV file structure.[17]
File
Extension
Mime
Type
Description
.f4v
video/mp4
Video for Adobe Flash Player
.f4p
video/mp4
Protected Video for Adobe Flash
Player
.f4a
audio/mp4
Audio for Adobe Flash Player
.f4b
audio/mp4
Audio Book for Adobe Flash Player
SWF files published for Flash Player 6 and later versions are able to exchange audio, video, and data over RTMP
connections with the Adobe Flash Media Server. One way to feed data to Flash Media Server is from files in the
FLV file format. Starting with SWF files created for Flash Player 7, Flash Player can play FLV file format directly
(MIME type video/x-flv). Starting with SWF files created for Flash Player 9 Update 3, Flash Player can also play the
new F4V file format.[1]
Flash Video
56
Codec support
Supported media types in FLV file format:[1]
• Video: On2 VP6, Sorenson Spark (Sorenson H.263), Screen video, H.264
• Audio: MP3, ADPCM, Linear PCM, Nellymoser, Speex, AAC, G.711 (reserved for internal use)
Supported media types in F4V file format:[1]
• Video: H.264
• Images (still frame of video data): GIF, PNG, JPEG
• Audio: AAC, HE-AAC, MP3
Support for audio and video compression formats in Flash Player and in Flash Video[1] [9] [14]
[16] [18]
Flash Player
version
Released
File format
Video compression formats
Audio compression formats
6
2002
SWF
Sorenson Spark, Screen video
MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser
7
2003
SWF, FLV
Sorenson Spark, Screen video
8
2005
SWF, FLV
On2 VP6, Sorenson Spark, Screen video, Screen
video 2
9.0.115.0
2007
SWF, FLV
video 2, H.264[*]
MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser,
AAC[*]
SWF, F4V, ISO base media
file format
H.264
AAC, MP3
SWF, FLV
video 2, H.264[*]
MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser,
Speex, AAC[*]
SWF, F4V, ISO base media
file format
H.264
AAC, MP3
10
2008
• Use of the H.264 and AAC compression formats in the FLV file format has some limitations and authors of Flash
Player strongly encourage everyone to embrace the new standard F4V file format.[17]
FLV players
A FLV player is a type of media player that is used for playing Flash video from PC as well as from Internet
websites. A FLV player can be used standalone, without the need of the Adobe Flash authoring or developmental
tools. It can also be embedded in the website using Flash component or embeddable version of FLV player.
The following players support FLV files in their default installations:
Desktop-based
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux-based
•
•
•
•
•
Adobe Media Player (freeware)
Media Player Classic (free software)
MPlayer (free software)
RealPlayer (freeware)
VLC media player (free software)
Flash Video
Delivery options
Flash Video files can be delivered in several different ways:
• As a standalone .FLV file. Although Flash Video files are normally delivered using a Flash player for control, the
.FLV file itself is only playable with an FLV player. There are several third party players available.
• Embedded in an SWF file using the Flash authoring tool (supported in Flash Player 6 and later). The entire file
must be transferred before playback can begin. Changing the video requires rebuilding the SWF file.
• Progressive download via HTTP (supported in Flash Player 7 and later). This method uses ActionScript to include
an externally hosted Flash Video file client-side for playback. Progressive download has several advantages,
including buffering, use of generic HTTP servers, and the ability to reuse a single SWF player for multiple Flash
Video sources. Flash Player 8 includes support for random access within video files using the partial download
functionality of HTTP, sometimes this is referred to as streaming. However, unlike streaming using RTMP,
HTTP "streaming" does not support real-time broadcasting. Streaming via HTTP requires a custom player and the
injection of specific Flash Video metadata containing the exact starting position in bytes and timecode of each
keyframe. Using this specific information, a custom Flash Video player can request any part of the Flash Video
file starting at a specified keyframe. For example, Google Video, Youtube, and BitGravity support progressive
downloading and can seek to any part of the video before buffering is complete. The server-side part of this
"HTTP pseudo-streaming" method is fairly simple to implement, for example in PHP, as an Apache module, or
using lighttpd.
• Streamed via RTMP to the Flash Player using the Flash Media Server (formerly called Flash Communication
Server), VCS, ElectroServer, Wowza Pro, WebORB for .NET, WebORB for Java or the open source Red5 server.
As of April 2008, there are stream recorders available for this protocol, re-encoding screencast software excluded.
Flash video recording
It is possible to record online flash videos using Stream recorders and Screen video capture software. The former
gives lossless results, while the latter allows recording any video even when anti-leeching measures are used.
See also
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Local Shared Object
SWFObject
Comparison of media players
MPEG transport stream
Open source codecs
Adobe Flash Player
Stream recorder
Screen video capture software
57
Flash Video
External links
•
•
•
•
Flash Developer Center - Flash Video Articles [19]
Flash Video (FLV) File Format Specification [20] (adobe.com)
List of codecs supported by Adobe Flash Player [21] versions from 6 to 9 (adobe.com)
Macromedia Flash FLV Video File Format [22] (Library of Congress)
References
[1] Adobe Systems Incorporated (November 2008) (PDF). Video File Format Specification, Version 10 (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flv/
pdf/ video_file_format_spec_v10. pdf). Adobe Systems Incorporated. . Retrieved 2009-08-03.
[2] Knol (December 7, 2008) What is the difference between Flash Video (FLV), F4V and H.264. (http:/ / knol. google. com/ k/ nina-king/
what-is-the-difference-flash-video-flv/ 1zvmlr765y0hs/ 30#), Retrieved on 2009-08-03
[3] Future Media Standards & Guidelines - AV Addendum v1.5 (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ guidelines/ futuremedia/ technical/ av_addendum.
shtml#flash) BBC
[4] Benjamin Larsson (2009-03-17). "h263-svq3 optimizations" (http:/ / lists. mplayerhq. hu/ pipermail/ ffmpeg-devel/ 2009-March/ 065410.
html). FFmpeg-devel mailing list. . Retrieved 2009-08-09.
[5] "The quest for a new video codec in Flash 8" (http:/ / www. kaourantin. net/ 2005/ 08/ quest-for-new-video-codec-in-flash-8. html).
Kaourantin.net. 2005-08-13. . Retrieved 2009-08-10.
[6] "Sorenson Spark" (http:/ / wiki. multimedia. cx/ index. php?title=Sorenson_Spark). MultimediaWiki. . Retrieved 2009-11-03.
[7] Sorenson Media Difference Between Flash 6 and Flash 8 video (http:/ / forum. sorensonmedia. com/ f/ viewtopic. php?f=11& t=20&
start=0& st=0& sk=t& sd=a), Retrieved on 2009-08-09
[8] Adobe LiveDocs (2005) Flash 8 Documentation - About the On2 VP6 and Sorenson Spark video codecs (http:/ / livedocs. adobe. com/ flash/
8/ main/ 00000646. html), Retrieved on 2009-08-09
[9] Adobe Flash CS4 Professional Documentation - Digital video and Flash (http:/ / help. adobe. com/ en_US/ Flash/ 10. 0_UsingFlash/
WS9222D73A-676D-41cd-9222-A4884858BBA3. html#WSB70FA3A6-7C5C-4aea-9F63-25EC5C73F873), Retrieved on 2009-08-09
[10] Adobe LiveDocs (2005) Flash 8 Documentation - Comparing the On2 VP6 and Sorenson Spark video codecs (http:/ / livedocs. adobe. com/
flash/ 8/ main/ 00000647. html), Retrieved on 2009-08-09
[11] "Adobe Flash Player 9 Downloads" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ support/ flashplayer/ downloads. html#fp9). Adobe. 2007-12-03. . Retrieved
2008-01-31.
[12] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flv/ pdf/ video_file_format_spec_v10. pdf
[13] Kaourantin.net (2007-08-20). "What just happened to video on the web" (http:/ / www. kaourantin. net/ 2007/ 08/
what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20. html). . Retrieved 2009-08-12.
[14] MultimediaWiki Nelly Moser (http:/ / wiki. multimedia. cx/ index. php?title=Nelly_Moser), Retrieved on 2009-08-11
[15] AskMeFlash.com (2009-05-10) Speex vs Nellymoser (http:/ / askmeflash. com/ article_m. php?p=article& id=2), Retrieved on 2009-08-12
[16] OSFlash (2008-10-07). "Flash Video (FLV) Open Source Flash" (http:/ / osflash. org/ flv). . Retrieved 2009-08-12.
[17] Kaourantin.net (October 31, 2007) Tinic Uro New File Extensions and MIME Types (http:/ / www. kaourantin. net/ 2007/ 10/
new-file-extensions-and-mime-types. html), Retrieved on 2009-08-03
[18] Adobe (2007-12-03) List of codecs supported by Adobe Flash Player (http:/ / kb2. adobe. com/ cps/ 402/ kb402866. html), Retrieved on
2009-08-10
[19] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flash/ video. html
[20] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flv/
[21] http:/ / kb2. adobe. com/ cps/ 402/ kb402866. html
[22] http:/ / www. digitalpreservation. gov/ formats/ fdd/ fdd000131. shtml
58
Flash animation
Flash animation
A Flash animation or Flash cartoon is an
animated film which is created using Adobe
Flash or similar animation software and
often distributed in the .swf file format. The
term Flash animation not only refers to the
file format but to a certain kind of
movement and visual style which, in many
circles, is seen as simplistic or unpolished.
However, with dozens of Flash animated
television series, countless more Flash
animated television commercials, and
award-winning online shorts in circulation,
Flash animation is enjoying a renaissance.
In the late 1990s, when for most Internet
Simple animation in Flash MX; a square moving across the screen in a motion
users, bandwidth was still at 56 kbit/s, many
tween, one of the basic functions of Flash. Onion skinning is used to show the
apparent motion of the square.
Flash animation artists employed limited
animation or cutout animation when
creating projects intended for web distribution. This allowed artists to release shorts and interactive experiences well
under 1 MB, which could stream both audio and high-end animation. One example is the first episode of The
Goddamn George Liquor Program released in 1999, rendered at only 628kB.
Some hallmarks of poorly-produced Flash animation are jerky natural movements (seen in walk-cycles and
gestures), auto-tweened character movements, lip-sync without interpolation, and abrupt changes from front to
profile view. Although Flash is able to integrate bitmaps and other raster-based art, as well as video, most Flash
films are created using only vector-based drawings which often result in a somewhat clean graphic appearance.
Flash animations are typically distributed by way of the World Wide Web, in which case they are often referred to as
Internet cartoons, online cartoons, or webtoons. Web Flash animations may be interactive and are often created in
a series. A Flash animation is distinguished from a Webcomic, which is a comic strip distributed via the Web, rather
than an animated cartoon. Flash animation is now taught in schools throughout the UK and can be taken as a GCSE
and, and o level.
History
Developed by Macromedia, Flash (along with Macromedia's other programs) was acquired by software giant Adobe
in April 2005.
The first prominent use of the Flash animation format was by Ren & Stimpy creator John Kricfalusi. On October 15,
1997, he launched The Goddamn George Liquor Program, the first cartoon series produced specifically for the
Internet[1] . The series starred George Liquor (a fictional character rumored to have ended Kricfalusi's employment
on Ren & Stimpy) and his dim-witted nephew Jimmy The Hapless Idiot Boy. Later, Kricfalusi produced more
animated projects with Flash including several online shorts for Icebox.com, television commercials, and a music
video. Soon after that, web cartoons began appearing on the internet with much more regularity.
On February 26, 1999,[2] in a major milestone for Flash animation, the popular web series WhirlGirl became the first
regularly scheduled Flash animated web series when it premiered on the premium cable channel Showtime in an
unprecedented telecast and simultaneous release on the Showtime website.[3] Created by David B. Williams and
59
Flash animation
produced by Visionary Media, the studio he founded, WhirlGirl follows the adventures of a young superheroine
fighting for freedom in a future ruled by an all-powerful "mediatech empire." The series originally launched in the
Spring of 1997 as a web comic with limited animation and sound.[4] After gaining online syndication partners
including Lycos.com and WebTV, the series first adopted Flash animation in July 1998.[5] Following her Showtime
debut, the titular heroine appeared in over 50 Flash webisodes on the Showtime website[6] and starred in a million
dollar multimedia Showtime marketing campaign.[7]
About the same time, Joe Cartoon launched the interactive animation "Frog in a Blender" to become one of the very
first true "Viral Hits" on the internet gaining more than 90 million views since its release in 1999.
The Von Ghouls went live in November 1999, featuring the first music group with cartoon episodes online including
original songs, in the vein of Saturday morning cartoons of the 1970s. A number of popular portal sites featured
Flash animation during the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, including Icebox, MondoMedia, CampChaos,
MediaTrip, Bogbeast and AtomFilms. Stan Lee of Marvel Comics launched an animated comics site.
The Internet also saw the proliferation of many adult-only Flash cartoon sites. Some of the shows from that period
made the transition to traditional media, including Queer Duck, Gary the Rat, Happy Tree Friends, and the
politically-minded JibJab shorts. Occasionally, the trend has been reversed: after being canceled from both ABC and
Fox, Atom Films created net-only episodes of The Critic in 2000-2001. In another instance, Flash almost made the
transition to the big screen. In 2001, production began on what would have been the first Flash-animated feature
film, the ill-fated "Lil' Pimp," which also began life as an Internet series. As potentially controversial as its subject
matter was, it had a relatively large budget, a number of well-known actors (including William Shatner, Bernie Mac,
and Lil Kim), a full crew, and a running time of nearly 80 minutes. Although Sony Pictures decided not to release
the film, it was eventually released on DVD by Lion's Gate.
Several recording companies experimented with releasing animated music videos to promote their artists' releases
online, including Madonna, the Beastie Boys and Tenacious D, however none became the hit that allowed for the
expansion of Flash animated music videos. Adam Sandler and Tim Burton among others, released original
Internet-only animated works, but were not able to devise successful financial models and the trend dissipated,
largely as a result of a lack of viable micropayment systems.
Several popular online series are currently produced in Flash, such as the Emmy Award-winning Off-Mikes,
produced by ESPN and Animax Entertainment; Gotham Girls, produced by Warner Brothers; Crime Time, produced
by Future Thought Productions and HomestarRunner produced by Mike and Matt Chapman.
Many animated television series are produced using Macromedia Flash, inspired by both the comparatively low cost
of production and the unique style that can be achieved with the software, including Metalocalypse, Being Ian,
Foster's Home For Imaginary Friends, Kappa Mikey, Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, Happy Tree Friends, Odd Job Jack,
Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!, the BBC Three show Monkey Dust, the Channel Four show Modern Toss, Yin Yang Yo,
Aaagh! It's the Mr. Hell Show, Cinemax's Eli's Dirty Jokes, Queer Duck from Showtime, and Shorties Watching
Shorties on Comedy Central.
Other television series, such as Home Movies and Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, both broadcast on Cartoon
Network's Adult Swim programming block, have switched to Flash from other animation technology.
Many animation film festivals have responded to the popularity of Flash animation by adding separate categories in
competition for "web cartoons" or "Internet cartoons." Additionally, several exclusively web-based Flash
competitions have been established. It is speculated that only the category "made for Internet" will survive, as
competitions at animation film festivals are typically arranged in categories defined by film length and distribution
channel, rather than by animation techniques or tools used to create the films.
60
Flash animation
61
Timeline - First flash projects on television
Year
Project
Notes
1999 WhirlGirl - Showtime
Premiere
When the first regularly scheduled Flash animated series, WhirlGirl, made its Showtime premiere, the premium
cable network marked the occasion with an unprecedented telecast that ran simultaneously with the release of the
[3]
episode on the company's website.
2000 The Rosie O'Donnell
Show - Opening Titles
For the 2000 and 2001 seasons, the show opens were created by Bullseye Art, which has spun off into a company
called Magic Butter. These titles were nominated for a daytime Emmy for 'Main Title Design.'
2000 Breakup Girl
This aired on the Oxygen Network in March 2000 as part of the "X-Chromosome" block a sort of female Liquid
Television overseen by Kit Laybourne and Machi Tantillo.
2001 Ollie's Under The Bed
Adventures
This was a half-hour special on Teletoon in March, which eventually spawned the series now known as Olliver's
Adventures.
2001 daddy / King Pylon
Two short films were made for Channel4's Mesh Scheme in the UK, Stephen Cavalier's 'daddy' and Ed
Holdsworths 'King Pylon', animated in Flash and were broadcast on Channel4 in September, 2001.
2001 Quads!
In November 2001, this series launched on Australia's Special Broadcasting Service network.
2001 TV Warehouse
The title sequence for this BBC program was produced in Flash by Elephant Egg.
2002 Gary the Rat
Originally a web cartoon, later created as a 30 min series, animated by Nick Digital Studios East for Spike TV.
2002 Meena [8]
One hundred minutes of a series of Public Service Announcements (PSA's) for the project by Future Thought
Productions.
2002 The Proud Family
Shorties
These episodes of The Proud Family were animated at Hyperion Pictures under the Animobile label. Two episodes
were animated by Animax Entertainment (The Beach and The Picnic).
2002 Home Movies
The second season of this series was produced in Flash.
2002 ¡Mucha Lucha!
One of the first US network Flash series.
2002 The Mr. Dink Show
Canada’s first broadcast Flash production.
2002 Bobinogs
On BBC Two Wales.
2002 Weebl and Bob
A web cartoon that also showed on MTV2 UK.
200? Xiao Xiao #3
A stickfigure animation shown on MTV
2005 Stroker and Hoop
Canceled Adult Swim series.
Timeline - Other flash animated TV series
Year
Project
Notes
[9]
2003 Chilly Beach
Launched on CBC Television, this became one of the first Flash productions to make the move from online
"webisodes" to national TV.
2004 Foster's Home for
Imaginary Friends
Launched on Cartoon Network.
2004 Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi
Launched on Cartoon Network.
2004 Atomic Betty
Launched on Cartoon Network in the US.
2005 The Buzz on Maggie
Canceled Disney Channel series that ran for only one season.
2005 Disney's Little Einsteins
Multimedia pre-school show, used Flash for all principal character animation in conjunction with video, photo
collage, Maya 3-D animation and After Effects.
2006 Yin Yang Yo
The Second Disney series made entirely in Flash.
2006 Metalocalypse
Series on Adult Swim.
Flash animation
62
2006 Pucca
A Flash series based on a series of online shorts produced by VOOZ in South Korea. The TV series is produced
by Studio B in Canada.
2006 Chaotic
A Flash series based on the story of the original Chaotic Trading Card Game.
2006 Happy Tree Friends
A very popular flash animated cartoon that started out as an internet cartoon around 1999 and it quickly became
an internet phenomenon. In 2006, it became a full half-hour TV series on the channel G4.
2007 Total Drama Island
Launched on Teletoon in Canada and on Cartoon Network in the US.
2007 Skunk Fu!
A flash animation developed in Ireland that has been running since 2007.
2008 Crime Time
A popular flash cartoon by Future Thought Productions that is broadcast to television in Japan, Australia, Brazil,
Russia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Ukraine.
2008 Making Fiends
Launched on Nickelodeon. Based on the internet flash series.
2008 The Mr. Men Show
A television show based on books by Roger Hargreaves.
2008 Eli's Dirty Jokes
A short-form comedy webseries picked up by Cinemax and broadcast as interstitial content between feature
films. Features an elderly accountant who tells classic jokes brought to life by Flash animation.
2009
A Dutch sketch show which airs weekly on TMF's Kijk dit nou!
Kud
2010 Ugly Americans
Launched by Comedy Central. Created by Augenblick Studios, the creators of Superjail.
Timeline - First Flash feature film projects (theatrically released)
Year
Project
2005 The Golden Blaze
Notes
Directed by Bryon E. Carson, starring the voices of Blair Underwood and Michael Clarke Duncan, had a limited
theatrical run making it the first flash animated film to be released on the big screen.
2005 Xuxinha e Guto
Directed by Clewerson Saremba e André Passos, produced at Labocine, in Rio de Janeiro, released in 2005
Contra os Monstros do Christmas, was a big success in Brazil.
Espaço
2006 Romeo & Juliet:
Sealed with a Kiss
Former Disney animator Phil Nibbelink took 4 1/2 years to make it and he drew 112,000 frames with a Wacom
tablet directly into Flash 4, in combination with Moho.
2006 That Darn Jesus
An animated segment of nineteen minutes produced at an aspect ratio of 1.85:1 and HD 1080 (1920 px X 1080 px)
[10]
for the movie Universal Remote
by Future Thought Productions.
2007 Turma da Mônica:
Uma Aventura no
Tempo
Directed by Mauricio de Sousa, produced at Labocine, in Rio de Janeiro, is biggest box office in Brazilian
animation history
2007 Chilly Beach [9]: The
World is Hot Enough"
A spin off from the televised animated series Chilly Beach, as featured by http:/ / www. ilaugh. com Produced by
March Entertainment.
2008 Mickey the Squirrel
Directed by Chaz Bottoms, a 76 minute feature animated on a Wacom Graphire Tablet with 6,500 frames.
2008 The Secret of Kells
Feature-length hand-drawn animated film produced by Irish studio Cartoon Saloon, co-produced in France and
Belgium. Uses Flash for several sequences, though the majority of the film is traditionally animated.
2008 Sita Sings the Blues
Directed and Produced by Nina Paley. An 83 minute feature film created independently and entirely in Flash
2008 Waltz with Bashir
Directed by Ari Folman, with David Polonsky as director of animation. A 89 minute feature film created using a
combination of hand-drawing and flash animation based on video footage. Won a Golden Globe award, and was
nominated for the best foreign language film in the Academy Awards.
2010 El sol
First Argentinian animated movie done integrally with Adobe Flash. Directed by Ayar Blasco.
Flash animation
Flash Animation distribution
While the creation of animation using Flash can be easier and less expensive than traditional animation techniques,
the amount of time, money, and skill required to produce a project using the software depends on the chosen content
and style. Internet distribution is considerably easier and less expensive than television broadcasting, and websites
such as Newgrounds provide free hosting. Many Flash animations are created by individual or amateur artists,
although it does require some amount of technical knowledge to create a notable work with the software. Many Flash
animations first distributed on the web became popular enough to be broadcast on television, particularly on such
networks as MTV and G4TV.
Flash Animation in professional studios
Flash animation production is enjoying considerable popularity in major animation studios around the world, as
animators take advantage of the software's ability to organize a large number of assets (such as characters, scenes,
movements, and props) for later re-use. Because Flash files are in vector file format, they can be used to transfer
animation to 35 mm film without any compromise in image quality. This feature is used by several independent
animators worldwide, including Phil Nibbelink, who saw his 77-minute feature film Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a
Kiss released in theaters in 2006. For Disneyland's 50 Magical Years film featuring Live action Steve Martin
interacting with Donald Duck, the hand drawn animation of Donald Duck was cleaned up and colored in Flash. The
Drawn Together Movie: The Movie!, a straight-to-DVD feature of the animated series Drawn Together, produced by
Comedy Central and released in April 2010, discarded the series' traditional animation and used Flash animation
instead.
Creating Flash animation from other software
There are a number of other software packages available that can create output in the .swf format. Among these are
Toon Boom, Toufee, KoolMoves, Express Animator and Anime Studio. These front-ends often provide additional
support for creating cartoons, especially with tools more tailored to traditionally-trained animators, as well as
additional rigging for characters, which can speed up character animation considerably. Additionally, there are
programs available which translate 3D information into 2D vectors .
See also
• CSS Animations
• SVG animation
External links
Flash animation [11] at the Open Directory Project
References
[1] "John K’s Guide to Surviving the End of Television" (http:/ / coldhardflash. com/ 2007/ 04/ john-ks-guide-to-surviving-end-of. html).
ColdHardFlash. . Retrieved 2007-04-23.
[2] Animation World Network - 2/3/1999 (http:/ / news. awn. com/ index. php?ltype=top& newsitem_no=506)
[3] Animation World Network - 1/1/2000 (http:/ / mag. awn. com/ index. php?& article_no=1079& page=8)
[4] Brandweek - 3/15/1999 (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_m0BDW/ is_11_40/ ai_54148182)
[5] Adweek - 7/13/1998 (http:/ / www. allbusiness. com/ marketing-advertising/ 4172771-1. html)
[6] Broadcasting & Cable - 9/4/2000 (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_hb5053/ is_200009/ ai_n18379803)
[7] Animation World Network - 8/8/1999 (http:/ / news. awn. com/ index. php?ltype=top& newsitem_no=1173)
[8] http:/ / www. unicef. org/ meena/
[9] http:/ / www. ilaugh. com
63
Flash animation
[10] http:/ / www. universalremotemovie. com/
[11] http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Computers/ Multimedia/ Software/ Macromedia_Flash/ Animations/ /
Flash intro
A Flash intro is a piece of animated content displayed at the beginning of a presentation, such as a website, that is
specifically prepared using Adobe Systems Flash. Often, the main content is loading in the background, while the
animated content is displayed in the foreground.
The intent is to captivate the user's attention so that he or she does not stray from the site, although it may do the
opposite as it slows the user from accessing the actual site and can be tedious for users with slow internet
connections. The quality of content is usually marketing-centric. Often a "skip" or "skip intro" button is prepared to
allow more immediate access to the site's homepage.
Many elaborate Flash-based introductions appeared in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Today such productions,
particularly the lengthier ones, are considered old hat amongst the web design community.
From a usability perspective, the intros are regarded as more of a time-consuming distraction toward reaching the
more valuable homepage content. A Flash intro also renders the entire website invisible to users of iPhone, iPad and
iPod Touch who enter via the homepage, as these devices do not support Flash and the user cannot skip past the intro
page.
Despite the disadvantages, there are several online vendors providing simplified intro builder services for those with
no Flash authoring skills.
FusionCharts
FusionCharts is a data visualization component for generating dynamic Flash charts that can be embedded in web
and desktop applications. Built using ActionScript, FusionCharts is essentially a collection of SWF files that
automatically generate charts based on data and configuration settings provided in custom XML format.[1]
FusionCharts is the product of InfoSoft Global (P) Ltd. - an ISV headquartered in Kolkata, India. InfoSoft Global is
the licensor of the FusionCharts Suite and all other data visualization solutions that are distributed under the
FusionCharts brand.[2]
History
The first commercial version of FusionCharts - FusionCharts v1, was single-handedly developed by Pallav Nadhani,
the co-founder of InfoSoft Global (P) Ltd.[3] FusionCharts was introduced at a time when the true potential of the
Flash technology was still unrealized by a vast majority of the development community, and Flash was chiefly used
for creating website intros. Nadhani, who was then a high-school student, stumbled upon the idea of using Flash for
data visualization upon being offered an opportunity to author an article on information technology. The article that
Nadhani authored presented a unique concept of amalgamating Flash with ASP.[4] It is the idea of infusing
dynamicity into Flash applications with the help of ASP that inspired the development of FusionCharts v1, which
was eventually released on October 22, 2002.[5]
64
FusionCharts
The FusionCharts Suite
The term FusionCharts Suite is used as a collective reference for FusionCharts and 3 other data visualization
products, developed by InfoSoft Global.[6]
Components of the FusionCharts Suite
FusionCharts is a charting component for generating animated charts. It supports 2D and 3D versions of standard plot types: column, line, bar, area
[6]
and pie.
FusionWidgets is a data visualization component for generating real-time gauges and charts. It provides innovative KPI indicators such as dial
gauge (speedometer chart), linear gauge and bullet graph. The component also provides real-time versions of standard charts in addition to the gantt
[6]
chart, funnel chart, Pyramid chart and sparklines.
FusionMaps is a data-driven map builder used for depicting geographical distribution of quantitative data. The component offers world maps,
[6]
continental maps and maps of major countries.
PowerCharts is a tool for advanced data visualization. It can be used for generating simulation models, plotting stock quotes and network planning.
[6]
The component supports organizational charts, logarithmic scale charts, network diagrams, inverse scale charts, financial analysis charts etc.
Vertical Solutions
InfoSoft Global has released several add-on components and plugins to facilitate implementation of the FusionCharts
Suite in popular applications and various development platforms. Vertical solutions of FusionCharts are available for
Adobe Flex, Adobe Dreamweaver, FileMaker, Joomla and Visual Basic.[4]
FusionCharts Free - Open Source
FusionCharts Free was released on March 19, 2007. The product is a stripped-down version of FusionCharts offering
22 types of basic charts. It provides support for cosmetic customization, drill-down and a number of other features.[7]
On August 28, 2009 - FusionCharts Free was made open source under the GPL and MIT license. The license
agreement allows un-restricted modification of the source code and permits the user to freely distribute the
customized version of the product.[8]
External links
•
•
•
•
FusionCharts Website [9]
InfoSoft Global Website [10]
The FusionCharts Blog [11]
ARTIO FusionCharts for Joomla Website [12]
References
[1] FusionCharts Website. Accessed September 2,2009 (http:/ / www. fusionCharts. com)
[2] About InfoSoft. InfoSoft Global Website. Accessed September 2, 2009 (http:/ / www. infosoftglobal. com/ AboutUs. asp)
[3] Pallav Nadhani, Founder - Entrepreneur, InfoSoft Global Pvt Ltd. Your Story, Accessed September 3, 2009 (http:/ / www. yourstory. in/
news/ 1063-frontpage/ 2494-pallav-nadhani-founder-entrepreneur-infosoft-global-pvt-ltd)
[4] Nadhani Pallav. The FusionCharts Journey. slideshare. Accessed September 4, 2002 (http:/ / www. slideshare. net/ pallavn/
the-fusioncharts-journey)
[5] Happy sixth anniversary FusionCharts (2007). The FusionCharts Blog. Accessed September 2, 2009 (http:/ / blog. fusioncharts. com/ 2008/
10/ fusioncharts-turns-6. html)
[6] Data Visualization Tools for web - An introduction to FusionCharts Suite. slideshare. Accessed September 2, 2009 (http:/ / www. slideshare.
net/ FusionCharts/ data-visualization-tools-for-web-an-introduction-to-fusioncharts-suite-presentation)
[7] Charts And Graphs: Modern Solutions (2007). Smashing Magazine. Accessed September 2, 2009 (http:/ / www. smashingmagazine. com/
2007/ 10/ 18/ charts-and-graphs-modern-solutions|)
65
FusionCharts
[8] FusionCharts Free now Open Source (2009). The FusionCharts Blog. Accessed September 2, 2009 (http:/ / blog. fusioncharts. com/ 2009/ 08/
fusioncharts-free-now-open-source. html)
[9] http:/ / www. fusioncharts. com/
[10] http:/ / www. infosoftglobal. com/
[11] http:/ / blog. fusioncharts. com/
[12] http:/ / www. artio. net/ joomla-extensions/ fusioncharts
FutureSplash Animator
FutureSplash Animator was a software product for creating vector-based animations, the predecessor of Flash. It
was developed by FutureWave Software, a small software company whose first product, SmartSketch, was initially a
vector-based drawing program for pen-based computers. With the implosion of the pen-oriented operated systems, it
was ported to Microsoft Windows as well as Apple's MacOS. In 1995, the company decided that they should add
animation capabilities to their product and deploy it over the burgeoning World Wide Web. The only way to create
such animations on the web at the time was through the use of Java, but this was quickly replaced with the debut of
Netscape's plug-in architecture. The product was released as FutureSplash Animator in May 1996.
The technology was used on several big-name websites such as Microsoft's MSN, Fox's official The Simpsons
website and Disney's Disney Daily Blast. At this point, the company consisted of six people. As Disney also used
Macromedia's Shockwave player, this provided a connection to Macromedia, which approached FutureWave
Software about working together. In December 1996 Macromedia bought FutureWave, and FutureSplash Animator
became Macromedia Flash 1.0.
Macromedia Flash later (2005) became Adobe Flash -- see the Adobe Flash article for further history and
information.
The file format was SPL and FutureSplash animations can be viewed with new versions of Adobe Flash Player.
External links
• The History of Flash [1] by Jonathan Gay
• Download FutureSplash Animator [2]
• Demo from FutureSplash [3]
See also
• Adobe Flash
• Flash animation
References
[1] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ macromedia/ events/ john_gay/
[2] http:/ / flash-ascript. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 06/ first-steps-of-flash-futuresplash. html
[3] http:/ / www. 4dm. com/ files/ tech/ blue. htm
66
FutureWave Software
FutureWave Software
FutureWave Software was a software developer and publisher based in San Diego, CA. The company was founded
by Charlie Jackson and Jonathan Gay in early 1993. VP of Marketing was Michelle Welsh who also came from
Silicon Beach Software, then Aldus.
The company's first product was SmartSketch, a drawing program for the PenPoint OS and EO tablet computer.
When Pen computing did not take off, SmartSketch was moved to the Windows and Macintosh platforms.
The company's second product was FutureSplash Animator, a cell-based animation editor.
In December 1996, FutureWave was acquired by Macromedia, who renamed the animation editor Flash.
67
GameSWF
68
GameSWF
Written in
C++
Operating
system
Linux, Windows, Mac OS X
Type
Library
License
Public domain
Website
[1]
GameSWF (pronounced "game swiff") is an open source public domain library for parsing and rendering SWF
movies, using 3D hardware APIs for rendering. It is designed to be used as a UI library for computer and console
games.
It is written in C++, and compiles under Windows, Mac OS X and Linux, using GCC and MSVC. It includes code
for rendering with OpenGL. The rendering module is factored out so that the code can ported to other APIs.
GameSWF is used by other open source projects such as Gnash. It is also used in Oddworld: Stranger's Wrath to
display user interface screens such as the player's inventory[2].
External links
• GameSWF project homepage [1]
• Realtime video compositing software using gameswf [3]
References
[1] http:/ / www. tulrich. com/ geekstuff/ gameswf. html
[2] http:/ / www. tulrich. com/ geekstuff/ gameswf_stranger_postmortem. html
[3] http:/ / www. mxwendler. net
Gnash
69
Gnash
Screenshot of Gnash 0.8.0 GTK+ GUI with test SWF file
Developer(s)
Rob Savoye, Sandro Santilli, Bastiaan Jacques, Benjamin Wolsey, Zou Lunkai, Tomas Groth, Udo Giacomozzi,
Hannes Mayr, John Gilmore, Markus Gothe.
Stable release
0.8.7
Written in
C++, GTK+ / Qt
Operating
system
Cross-platform
Type
Interpreter, Media player
License
GNU General Public License
Website
gnashdev.org
[1]
/ February 15, 2010
[2]
Gnash is the GNU SWF movie player, which can be run standalone on a computer or an embedded device, as well
as a plugin for several browsers.[3] It is a part of the GNU Project that aims to create a free software player and
browser plugin for the Adobe Flash file format. It was developed from the GPLFlash project.
Gnash was first announced in late 2005[4] by software developer John Gilmore. The current maintainer is Rob
Savoye.
History
Writing a free software Flash player has been a priority of the GNU Project for some time.[5] Prior to the launch of
Gnash, the GNU Project had asked for people to assist the GPLFlash project. The majority of the previous GPLFlash
developers have now moved to the Gnash project and the existing GPLFlash codebase will be refocused towards
supporting embedded systems.[6]
The primary distribution terms for Gnash are those of the GNU GPL. However since Gnash was started using the
codebase of the GameSWF project, which is in the public domain, code developed by the Gnash project which might
be useful in GameSWF is placed in the public domain.[7]
Technical details
Adobe provides an official player for GNU/Linux on x86 in a binary-only form,[8] as well as an alpha player for
x86-64 in a binary-only form.[9] Gnash, however, can be compiled and executed on many architectures, including
x86, AMD64, MIPS/IRIX, and PowerPC. It also supports BSD-based operating systems. An early port for RISC OS,
which has never had Macromedia/Adobe Flash support beyond Flash 3,[10] does exist, as well as an early port for
BeOS, where Flash support terminated at Version 4.[11] Development of a port to AmigaOS 4.1 has also recently
begun.[12] A port to the Haiku Operating System also exists.[13]
Gnash
70
Currently, Gnash can play SWF files up to version 7, as well as some features of the new version 8,9 and 10 files.
Gnash supports playback of FLV videos and allows playing some FLV files from YouTube, MySpace, ShowMeDo
and other similar websites (older files with sound – newer files without playing sound). FLV support requires
FFmpeg or GStreamer to be installed on the system.[14]
Some other free-software programs, such as MPlayer,[15] VLC media player[16] or players for Windows based on the
ffdshow DirectShow codecs can play back the FLV format if the file is specially downloaded or piped to it.
The goal of the Gnash developers is to be as compatible as possible with the proprietary player (including behavior
on bad ActionScript code). However, Gnash offers some special features not available in the Adobe player, such as
the possibility to extend the ActionScript classes via shared libraries: sample extensions include MySQL support, file
system access and more. For security reasons the extension mechanism must be compiled-in explicitly and enabled
via configuration files.
Gnash requires one of AGG, Cairo, or OpenGL for rendering. In contrast to most GNU projects, which are typically
written in C, Gnash is written in the C++ programming language because of its GameSWF heritage.[17]
See also
• Flash for Linux
•
•
•
•
•
MTASC
Ming library
Qflash
Swfdec
swfmill
External links
•
•
•
•
•
Primary Gnash website [2]
Gnash at GNU Project [18]
Gnash's Savannah Page [19]
FSF/GNU Press Release: FSF announces GNU Gnash - Flash Movie Player [20]
An interview with Gnash project leader about the future of the product [21]
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
http:/ / ftp. gnu. org/ pub/ gnu/ gnash/ 0. 8. 7/
http:/ / gnashdev. org/
http:/ / www. gnashdev. org/
http:/ / lists. gnu. org/ archive/ html/ gnash/ 2005-12/ msg00000. html
"High Priority Free Software Projects" (http:/ / www. fsf. org/ campaigns/ priority. html). . Retrieved 2008-08-05.
"GPLFlash homepage" (http:/ / gplflash. sourceforge. net/ ). . Retrieved 2007-04-17.
Gilmore, John (20 December 2005). "Welcome to the Gnash project!" (http:/ / lists. gnu. org/ archive/ html/ gnash/ 2005-12/ msg00000.
html). Gnash mailing list. . Retrieved 2006-12-28.
[8] "Adobe TechNote: Flash Player support on 64-bit operating systems" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ cfusion/ knowledgebase/ index.
cfm?id=6b3af6c9). Adobe. . Retrieved 2007-04-22.
[9] "Adobe Labs" (http:/ / labs. adobe. com/ downloads/ flashplayer10. html). Adobe. . Retrieved 2009-08-05.
[10] "RISC OS To Get Flash, Word Support" (http:/ / osnews. com/ story. php?news_id=16552). Thom Holwerda, osnews.com. . Retrieved
2007-04-22.
[11] "Gnash for BeOS (Take 2)" (http:/ / joomla. iscomputeron. com/ index. php?option=com_content& task=view& id=924). DaaT,
joomla.iscomputeron.com. . Retrieved 2007-04-22.
[12] "Gnash - The GNU SWF movie player" (http:/ / www. amigasoft. net/ pages/ gnash/ gnash. asp). Amigasoft.net. . Retrieved 2009-06-15.
[13] "Gnash 0.8.6" (http:/ / www. haikuware. com/ directory/ view-details/ multimedia/ video/ playback/ gnash-086). Haikuware.com. . Retrieved
2009-11-28.
[14] "Task #5930 on GNU Gnash Savannah Site" (http:/ / savannah. gnu. org/ task/ ?5930). Gnash Developers. . Retrieved 2007-04-22.
Gnash
[15] "FFmpeg Documentation - Supported Video Formats" (http:/ / ffmpeg. mplayerhq. hu/ ffmpeg-doc. html#SEC24). MPlayer Developers. .
[16] "VideoLAN Client Features List" (http:/ / www. videolan. org/ vlc/ features. html). VideoLAN Developers. . Retrieved 2007-04-22.
[17] "Why do you use C++ and not C? FAQ entry" (http:/ / www. gnashdev. org/ ?q=node/ 25#c+ + ). Gnash Project. . Retrieved 2008-07-14.
[18] http:/ / www. gnu. org/ software/ gnash/
[19] http:/ / savannah. gnu. org/ projects/ gnash/
[20] http:/ / lwn. net/ Articles/ 166992/
[21] http:/ / blogs. zdnet. com/ Stewart/ index. php?p=177
71
JStart
72
JStart
[1]
Developer(s)
3rd Eye Solutions
Stable release
JStart 2.0
Operating
system
Windows
Type
Flash tool and Adobe
Flash
Website
JStart 2.0
[2]
JStart is a Flash tool which allows users to launch any file, and it will open up in the program which they had
specified with that file without having to distribute the program as well. JStart is a very small program and it runs on
the parameters the Projector file sends it.
The FSCommand Exec of Flash allows you to run almost any program you wish but there is not much more power to
that command. JStart enhances the power of the Exec command allowing the execution of programs, parameters and
the opening of files with their default editors or programs. This opens up new opportunities into the operations users
can control by the Flash file.
JStart only works with PC projector files and SWF files that use the LOADMOVIE command from a projector file.
This tool supports Adobe Flash 3/4/5/MX/MX 2004/8/CS3 and works with Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/Vista.
References
[1] http:/ / www. 3rdeye. co. uk/
[2] http:/ / www. flashjester. com/ ?section=tricks_jtools_jstart2
Joe Paradise
Joe Paradise
Joe Paradise is the title of a Flash cartoon written, created and directed by Roque Ballesteros. It was produced by
Earwax Productions and distributed in 2000 over the web by Wild Brain. The cartoon tells the story of Joe Paradise,
a stranger with a dark past full of hit men, spies and shady figures, who arrives in Some City to find work, only to be
pulled back into a web of intrigues.
The cartoon acclaimed popularity for its distinctive style (exaggerated figures mostly in black, white and red), its
Noir story and cinematic shots, as well as its professional voice acting.
Joe Paradise was published in two seasons. In 2002, the Earwax Productions news archive reported that the rights
for this show were sold to Sony[1] . The show was briefly available on Sony's ScreenBlast website, then unavailable
online for several years. In February 2006, Wildbrain began making individual episodes available via YouTube.
There are 24 episodes in total over two seasons.
1.
2.
3.
4.
One Way Ticket
Out of Step
Welcome Joe Joe Co
Door Play
5. Cup of Conspiracy
6. Major Hang Ups
7. Bait
8. Gold and Lead
9. Don't Bring Me Flowers
10. Into the Fire
11. Take a Number
12. Paradise Lost (End of first season)
13. Harry's Confession
14. 15. 16. The Stranger
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. -
73
Joe Paradise
External links
• Multiple Joe Paradise videos on YouTube [2], 2000, running times vary between 2 minutes and 5. (Adobe Flash)
References
[1] "Joe Paradise and Sony" (http:/ / www. earwaxproductions. com/ latestnewsarchive. html). Earwax Productions. January,2002. . Retrieved
2007-02-14.
[2] http:/ / www. youtube. com/ profile?user=WildbrainAnimation
74
Jugglor
75
Jugglor
[1]
Developer(s)
3rd Eye Solutions
Stable release
Jugglor 3.1
Operating
system
Windows
Type
Flash tool and Presentation software
Website
[1]
Jugglor is software that turns the user's Flash files into stand-alone programs. Jugglor provides the user with the flash
tools the user needs to make Projector files. With this software the user can create animated intros, e-cards,
portfolios, slideshows, tutorials, multimedia games and applications and much more.
Jugglor is a tool that uses the Projector file as the Flash player, while the other software uses the OCX control. It
means the user doesn't have to distribute anything else with your app, since the Flash player is built-in. Using Jugglor
and the projector is safe as no matter what Flash player users have, the Juggled file will not interface with their
system settings.
There are now two Jugglor products available, Pro and Standard. The Pro version gives you more comprehensive
collection of features plus many more tools for free.
The last version of Jugglor software is 3.1. It supports all versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7. It also
supports the new updated Flash Player 10. Jugglor 3.1 allows you auto creation of MX, MX 2004, Flash 8 and CS4
Projector files from a SWF file.
References
[1] http:/ / www. flashjester. com/ ?section=tricks_jugglor3
Local Shared Object
Local Shared Object
Local Shared Objects (LSO), commonly called flash cookies, are collections of cookie-like data stored as a file on
a user's computer. LSOs are used by all versions of Adobe Flash Player and Version 6 and above of Macromedia's
now-obsolete Flash MX Player.[1]
Storage
Flash Players use a sandbox security model. With the default settings, Adobe Flash Player does not seek the user's
permission to store LSO files on the hard disk. LSOs contain cookie-like data stored by individual web sites or
domains. Indeed, as with cookies, online banks, merchants or advertisers may use LSOs for tracking purposes.[2]
The current version of Flash does not allow LSOs to be shared across domains. For example, an LSO from
"www.example.com" cannot read an LSO created by the domain "www.example2.com".[3]
Privacy concerns
LSOs can be used by web sites to collect information on how people navigate those web sites even if people believe
they've restricted the data collection.[4] More than half of the internet’s top websites use LSOs to track users and
store information about them.[5] There is relatively little public awareness of LSOs, and they can usually not be
deleted by the cookie privacy controls in a web browser.[5] This may lead a web user to believe a computer is cleared
of tracking objects, when it is not.[5]
Several services even use LSOs as surreptitious data storage to reinstate traditional cookies that a user deleted, which
is called "re-spawning" in homage to video games where adversaries come back to life even after being "killed", the
report found. So even if a user gets rid of a website’s tracking cookie, that cookie’s unique ID will be assigned back
to a new cookie again using the Flash data as the "backup." [6]
In certain countries it is illegal to track users without their knowledge and consent. For example, in the UK
customers must consent to use of cookies/LSOs as defined in "Guidance on the Privacy and Electronic
Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003" [7]...
"Cookies or similar devices must not be used unless the subscriber or user of the relevant terminal equipment:
• is provided with clear and comprehensive information about the purposes of the storage of, or access to, that
information; and
• is given the opportunity to refuse the storage of, or access to, that information."
User control
Local Shared Objects are not temporary files. Users can only opt-out of Local Shared Objects globally by using the
Global Storage Settings panel[8] of the online Settings Manager at Adobe's website. Users can also opt-out of them
on a per-site basis by right-clicking the Flash player and selecting 'Settings'.
Adobe's online-only Website Storage Settings panel was created to let users view and delete LSOs on a per-domain
basis. It is also possible to completely disallow LSOs from a specific domain by setting the storage space to "0
KB",[9] however, although no data is stored, empty directories with the name of the domain are nonetheless created.
Add-on extensions have also been created for the Firefox Web browser, called Click&Clean[10] , Objection[11] and
BetterPrivacy[12] that allow the user to view and delete LSOs.[12]
76
Local Shared Object
File locations
The default storage location for LSO files is operating system-dependent. LSO files are typically stored with a
".SOL" extension, within each User's directory. Note that for self-executing flash applications run on the local
machine will show up as being run on a website, in the folder localhost.
• Windows XP:
• For Web sites: %APPDATA%\Macromedia\Flash Player\#SharedObjects\<random code>\<domain>\<path maybe°>\<object name>.sol
• And Also: %APPDATA%\Macromedia\Flash Player\macromedia.com\support\flashplayer\sys
• Other Directories Where Flash LSO (*.SOL) Files Are Found in Windows XP:
• C:\Documents and Settings\LocalService\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash
Player\macromedia.com\support\flashplayer\sys\filename.sol
• C:\Documents and Settings\LocalService\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash
Player\#SharedObjects\[alpha-numeric folder name]\filename.sol
• C:\Documents and Settings\NetworkService\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash
• C:\Documents and Settings\NetworkService\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash
• C:\Documents and Settings\Owner.[Your_Owner_Name]\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash
• C:\Documents and Settings\Owner.[Your_Owner_Name]\Application Data\Macromedia\Flash
• C:\WINDOWS\system32\Macromed\[subdirectories]\filename.sol
• For AIR Applications: %APPDATA%\<AIR Application Reverse Domain Name>\Local
Store\#SharedObjects\<flash filename>.swf\<object name>.sol
• Windows Vista and later:
• For Web sites: %APPDATA%\Macromedia\Flash Player\#SharedObjects\<random code>\<domain>\<path maybe°>\<object name>.sol
• For AIR Applications: unknown, likely similar to the above
• Mac OS X:
• For Web sites: ~/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash Player/#SharedObjects/<random
code>/<domain>/<path - maybe°>/<object name>.sol and ~/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash
Player/macromedia.com/support/flashplayer/sys/<object name>.sol
• For AIR Applications: ~/Library/Preferences/<AIR Application Name>/Local Store/#SharedObjects/<flash
filename>.swf/<object name>.sol
• Linux/Unix:
• ~/.macromedia/Flash_Player/#SharedObjects/<random id>/<domain>/<path - maybe°>/<flash
filename>.swf/<object name>.sol
° - Flash player can save the file in any path specified by the SWF developer, relative to the current domain.
77
Local Shared Object
78
Programming
The Flash Player allows Web content to read and write LSO data to the computer's local drive on a per-domain
basis;[13] such data may preserve session state and record user data and behavior.[14]
By default, a Flash application may store up to 100kb of data to user's hard drive (browser cookies have a limit of
just 4kb).[13] The defined storage sizes are 0kb, 10kb, 100kb, 1Mb, 10Mb, and Unlimited.[15] If the current limit is
exceeded, the user is shown a dialog requesting storage space of the next size. The user may override the amount
manually by clicking the Flash application with right mouse button and selecting Settings; however, this applies only
to the domain of the Flash movie. If the selected setting is smaller than the current data size, the data is deleted.
Global LSO settings are not under the direct control of the user, and can only be amended through Adobe's online
"Global Settings Manager" control panel.[15] [16]
Editors and toolkits
Software
Website
SolVE
.sol Editor
.sol Editor
Dojo Toolkit
Dojo Toolkit
Latest stable
version
Cost
(USD)
Open
source
Darron Schall
2004-09
0.2
(2004-10-15)
Free
Yes
Alexis Isaac
2005-02
1.1.0.1
(2005-02-21)
Free
Yes
Dojo
Foundation
2004
1.3.2
(2009-7-16)
Free
Yes
Maxa
[21]
Research
?
3.2
(2009-02-02)
Non-free
35
No
Nick Joyce
2007-10-07
0.5
(2009-09-07)
Free
Yes
Alessandro
Crugnola
?
?
Free
No
?
C#, PHP
Aral Balkan
?
?
Free
Yes
?
Python
Gabriel
Mariani
?
3.0.0
(2010-01-07)
Free
Yes
?
Software
Windows
Mac OS
X
SolVE
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
.sol Editor
Yes
No
No
No
No
Dojo Toolkit
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
MAXA Cookie Manager
Yes
No
No
No
No
PyAMF
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
[18]
[19]
MAXA Cookie
[20]
Manager
[22]
PyAMF
PyAMF
SOLReader
SOLReader
s2x
s2x
.minerva
First public
release
[17]
SolVE
MAXA Cookie
Manager
Developer
[23]
[25]
coursevector.com
[27]
Operating system support
Linux BSD Unix
License
Programming
language
CPL
Java
MPL
ActionScript,
Delphi/Kylix
BSD, AFL
JavaScript
proprietary
MIT
?
Python
[24]
[26]
AIR
Local Shared Object
External links
•
•
•
•
"New Technique for Tracking Web Site Visitors" [28]. Slashdot. 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
"Tracking with Flash Cookies" [29]. InformIT. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
How to block Flash cookies [30]
Electronic Privacy Information Center on "Local Shared Objects" [31]
References
[1] "What are local shared objects?" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashplayer/ articles/ lso/ ). Adobe. . Retrieved 2007-12-05.
[2] "Flash Player Worries Privacy Advocates" (http:/ / www. informationweek. com/ news/ showArticle. jhtml?articleID=160901743).
InformationWeek. . Retrieved 2007-12-05.
[3] "Flash Player : What Is a Local Shared Object?" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ products/ flashplayer/ articles/ lso/ ). Adobe. . Retrieved
2009-03-27.
[4] "Adobe Flash cookies pose vexing privacy questions" (http:/ / www. networkworld. com/ news/ 2009/
081109-study-adobe-flash-cookies-pose. html). Networkworld. . Retrieved 2009-04-10.
[5] "You Deleted Your Cookies? Think Again" (http:/ / www. wired. com/ epicenter/ 2009/ 08/ you-deleted-your-cookies-think-again/ ). Wired. .
[6] Bruce Schneier http:/ / www. schneier. com/ blog/ archives/ 2009/ 08/ flash_cookies. html#comments
[7] http:/ / www. ico. gov. uk/ upload/ documents/ library/
[8] "Adobe - Flash Player : Settings Manager - Global Storage Settings Panel" (http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ support/ documentation/ en/
flashplayer/ help/ settings_manager03. html). Macromedia.com. . Retrieved 2009-03-27.
[9] "Adobe - Flash Player : Settings Manager - Website Storage Settings panel" (http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ support/ documentation/ en/
flashplayer/ help/ settings_manager07. html). Macromedia.com. . Retrieved 2009-03-27.
[10] "Click and Clean web site" (https:/ / addons. mozilla. org/ en-US/ firefox/ addon/ 3100). . Retrieved 2010-02-05.
[11] "Objection web site" (http:/ / objection. mozdev. org/ ). . Retrieved 2007-12-05.
[12] "Better Privacy web site" (https:/ / addons. mozilla. org/ en-US/ firefox/ addon/ 6623). . Retrieved 2009-08-26.
[13] "Macromedia Flash MX Security" (http:/ / download. macromedia. com/ pub/ flash/ whitepapers/ security. pdf). Adobe. 2002-03-01. .
[14] "Local Shared Objects -Flash Cookies" (http:/ / www. epic. org/ privacy/ cookies/ flash. html). Electronic Privacy Information Center.
2005-07-21. . Retrieved 2007-12-05.
[15] "Global settings manager" (http:/ / www. macromedia. com/ support/ documentation/ en/ flashplayer/ help/ settings_manager. html). Adobe.
. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
[16] "TechNote: How to manage and delete local shared objects?" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ go/ 52697ee8). Adobe. . Retrieved 2007-12-05.
[17] http:/ / solve. sourceforge. net
[18] http:/ / sourceforge. net/ projects/ soleditor/
[19] http:/ / dojotoolkit. org
[20] http:/ / www. maxa-tools. com/ cookie. htm
[21] http:/ / www. maxa-host. net
[22] http:/ / pyamf. org
[23] http:/ / www. sephiroth. it/ python/ solreader. php
[24] "PHP example with source code" (http:/ / www. sephiroth. it/ assets/ utils/ SolReader. phps). Alessandro Crugnola. . Retrieved 2007-12-18.
[25] http:/ / osflash. org/ s2x
[26] "Web demo written in Python" (http:/ / icube. freezope. org/ temp/ util/ s2x). Aral Balkan. . Retrieved 2007-12-18.
[27] http:/ / blog. coursevector. com/ minerva
[28] http:/ / yro. slashdot. org/ article. pl?sid=05/ 04/ 04/ 177238
[29] http:/ / www. informit. com/ guides/ content. aspx?g=security& seqNum=276
[30] http:/ / tips. webdesign10. com/ flash-cookies-privacy
[31] http:/ / epic. org/ privacy/ cookies/ flash. html
79
MTASC
MTASC
MTASC (Motion-Twin ActionScript 2 Compiler) is an ActionScript 2.0 compiler written in the Objective Caml
(OCaml) programming language by the company Motion-Twin. It is free software[1] and can be used alone or with
other tools like swfmill to produce SWF files, which contain interactive multimedia content playable with the Flash
Player. MTASC is also much faster than the Adobe Flash ActionScript compiler.
MTASC is built with optimizing OCaml compilers, and thus provides a speed improvement over the Macromedia
Compiler (MMC). MTASC corrects several safety problems that occur when using MMC.[2] } The MTASC
compiler is stricter than MMC and can detect more errors than MMC; because of this strictness, there are some
differences between MMC and MTASC.
See also
• Ming library
• swfmill
External links
• The MTASC page [3]
• Extension:Flashlets.php at OrganicDesign Wiki - integrating SWF with MediaWiki using MTASC
References
[1] MTASC LICENSE file, available via cvs -d :pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot checkout ocaml/mtasc/LICENSE
[2] http:/ / www. mtasc. org/ #comparison
[3] http:/ / www. mtasc. org
80
Magic gopher
81
Magic gopher
The magic gopher[1] is an interactive Adobe Flash game published online by British Council.
The trick
The trick to the game is that the gopher uses the same symbol for every multiple of 9, from 0 through 81 (it is
impossible to get a higher number using only two digits). The gopher assigns the same symbol to the multiples of 9
as to other non-multiples of 9 in order to cover up the trick; the symbol picked for each game is randomized. No
matter which two-digit integer the player chooses, when the subtraction is done, the resulting number will always be
a multiple of 9. In fact, no matter which (nonnegative) integer the player chooses, the result will always be a multiple
of 9. The former can be proven using elementary algebra. Be aware that the proofs for n digits rely on that the digits
of the number are indexed with the rightmost digit being assigned position 0, with the adjacent digits (to the left)
having an index increasing by one each time. For example, for the number '261', the digit '1' is in position 0, '6' is in
position 1, and '2' is in position 2.
Proof for 2 digits
Let n be a 2-digit integer. Additionally, let a be the first digit of n and b be the second digit of n. Finally, let c equal
the sum of the digits of n, so c = a + b..
An equivalent form for n, by virtue of using a decimal numeral system, is n = 10a + b.
The resulting number, z, is given by z = n − c = (10a + b) − (a + b) = 9a. Hence, z is always a multiple of 9. Q.E.D.
Proof for n digits
Proving that no matter how large is (and how many digits
The following proof makes use of modular arithmetic:
has), it is always a multiple of 9 is slightly trickier.
Let
digit of
be an integer with
digits and let
represent the
Thus,
Let
.
.
be the sum of the digits of
. So,
.
Since
Hence
.
so the resulting number
is a multiple of 9.
Q.E.D.
Alternative proof for n digits
This alternative proof is less mathematically rigorous, relying on some common sense and intuition, but it is still
sufficient to demonstrate the same as the above.
Again, let n be an integer with m digits and let nm represent the mth digit of n.
Thus,
Let c be the sum of the digits of n. So
Now, let
This can be written as
Magic gopher
82
By factoring, we obtain
Now,
will give a number with
multiple of 9 as the numbers given by
nines, hence, each individual digit of n is being multiplied by a
are implicitly multiples of 9. Since the sum of any number of
multiples of 9 is always divisible by 9, we conclude that whichever number is picked for n, it will always be a
multiple of 9.
If we use the resulting formula for z assuming that n will only be 2 digits in length, we obtain the same formula as
with the proof for a 2 digit n:
where
External links
• Original Magic Gopher site [1]
• Very Simple Explanation [2]
References
[1] http:/ / www. britishcouncil. org/ learnenglish-central-games-magic-gopher. htm
[2] http:/ / jeffki. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 05/ magic-gopher-explained. html
Ming library
Ming is a C library for creating Adobe Flash (.swf) files. It is often packaged as a PHP module that allows for the
dynamic generation of Flash animations. In addition to PHP, the library can also be used in the programming
languages C++, Perl, Python, and Ruby.
Ming's core library is distributed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and its makeswf
command-line tool is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, thus making Ming free
software.[1]
See also
•
•
•
•
OpenLaszlo, another free tool to create SWF files
SWFTools, another free tool to programmatically create SWF files
MTASC - another free open-source SWF compiler
External links
•
•
•
•
•
Development Site [2]
Ming official documentation site [3]
Cool Ming Examples [4]
The PHP Manual's section on Ming [5]
Websites using Ming [6]
Ming library
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
"Ming FAQ" (http:/ / www. libming. net/ moin. cgi/ MingFAQ). .
http:/ / www. libming. org/
http:/ / www. libming. net/
http:/ / www. gazbming. com/
http:/ / www. php. net/ ming
http:/ / www. libming. net/ moin. cgi/ Websites_using_Ming
Open Dialect
Open Dialect is an open source Flash IDE based on Adobe Flex and distributed under the GPL. Its goals are to
allow system dynamics modelers to create and publish online interfaces to their work. Open Dialect allows for the
creation of adobe AIR executables as well as Flash 9 swfs. Open Dialect is written in C# using the .NET Framework
and has been ported via Mono and GTK+ to Linux and partially Mac OS X.
Supported platforms
The latest version of Open Dialect, version 0.6.0 supports Windows (no extra effort), Linux (tiny bit of effort) and
OSX (must compile from source).
References
•
•
•
•
•
Open Dialect Updates [1] - from Open Dialect
Open Dialect Wiki [2] - from Open Dialect
Open Dialect [3] - from osflash.org
Open Dialect, The future of open source flash IDE [4] - Sunil's Blog
The "Policy Resistance" example game, tutorial and ILE [5] - from Open Dialect
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
http:/ / dialect. openmodeling. net
http:/ / dialect. openmodeling. net/ wiki/ OpenDialect
http:/ / osflash. org/ projects/ opendialect
http:/ / sunil-gupta. blogspot. com/ 2008/ 07/ open-dialect-future-of-open-source. html
https:/ / dialect. openmodeling. net/ downloads/ 4
83
Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Adobe Systems for streaming
audio, video and data over the Internet, between a Flash player and a server.
The RTMP protocol has three variations:
1. The "plain" protocol which works on top of TCP and uses port number 1935
2. RTMPT which is encapsulated within HTTP requests to traverse firewalls
3. RTMPS which is RTMP, but over a secure HTTPS connection.
While the primary motivation for RTMP was a persistent protocol for Flash, it is also used in some other
applications, such as the Adobe LiveCycle Data Services ES.
On 20 January 2009 Adobe announced it will publish the RTMP specification.[1] On 21 May 2009 Adobe filed a
DMCA removal request on a Sourceforge-hosted implementation of the protocol.[2] [3]
On Monday, June 15, 2009 Adobe released the RTMP Specification [4]
Operation
The raw TCP-based RTMP maintains a single persistent connection and allows real-time communication. To
guarantee smooth delivery of video and audio streams, while still maintaining the ability to transmit bigger chunks of
information, the protocol may split video and data into fragments. The size of the fragments used can be negotiated
dynamically between the client and server, and even disabled completely if desired, although the default fragment
sizes are 128 bytes for video and most other data types, and 64-bytes for audio data. Fragments from different
streams may then be interleaved and multiplexed over a single connection. With longer data chunks, the protocol
would then only carry a one-byte header per fragment, thus incurring very little overhead. In practice however,
individual fragments are not typically interleaved. Instead, the interleaving and multiplexing is done at the packet
level, with RTMP packets across several different active channels being interleaved in such a way to ensure that each
channel meets its bandwidth, latency, and other quality of service requirements. Packets interleaved in this fashion
are treated as indivisible, and are not interleaved on the fragment level.
The RTMP defines several channels on which packets may be sent/received, and which operate independently of
each other. For example, there is a channel dedicated for handling RPC requests and responses, a channel for video
stream data, a channel for audio stream data, a channel for out-of-band control messages (fragment size negotiation,
etc.), and so on. During a typical RTMP session, several channels may be active simultaneously at any given time.
When RTMP data is packetized, a packet header is generated. The packet header specifies, among other things, the
id of the channel that it is to be sent on, the timestamp at which is was generated (if necessary), and the size of the
packet payload. This is then followed by the packet payload, which is fragmented according to the currently
agreed-upon fragment size before it is serialized over the connection. The packet header itself is never fragmented,
and its size does not count towards the data in the packet's first fragment. In other words, only the actual packet
payload data is subject to fragmentation.
At a higher level, the RTMP encapsulates MP3 and Flash Video multimedia streams, and can make remote
procedure calls (RPCs) using the Action Message Format.
Other RPC services are made asynchronously with a single client/server request/response model, so real-time
communication is not necessary.[5]
84
HTTP tunneling
RTMP packets can be exchanged via two HTTP tunneling protocols:
• In RTMP Tunneled (RTMPT), RTMP data is encapsulated and exchanged via HTTP, and messages from the
client (the media player, in this case) are addressed to port 80 (the default for HTTP) on the server.
• In RTMP Secure (RTMPS), RTMP data is encapsulated and exchanged via HTTPS, and messages from the client
are addressed to port 443 (the default for HTTPS) on the server. This also has a non-RTMPT mode 'native' in
which the data is not encapsulated for transmission over HTTPS, but in which the data is simply encrypted with
SSL.
While the messages in RTMPT and RTMPS are larger than the equivalent non-tunneled RTMP messages due to
HTTP and HTTPS headers, RTMPT and RTMPS may facilitate the use of RTMP in scenarios where the use of
non-tunneled RTMP would otherwise not be possible, such as when the client is behind a firewall that blocks
non-HTTP and non-HTTPS outbound traffic.
RTMP client software
The most well-known RTMP client is Adobe's Flash player which has full support for streaming video and audio
from RTMP servers.
Other third-party players have partial support for RTMP, such as the open source media player XBMC which has
acquired preliminary support for playing RTMP streams in its SVN version. rtmpdump [48] is an open-source
command-line tool that is designed to dump the full RTMP stream. It implements the RTMPE protocol, which
Adobe believes to be an encryption and copyright protection scheme: however analysis of RTMPE [6] shows that
RTMPE is nothing of the kind. rtmpdump was removed from its original SourceForge page due to Adobe issuing a
Digital Millennium Copyright Act takedown notice, which Sourceforge did not have the resources to contest, and
could not place any other sourceforge projects at risk. flvstreamer [7] is a fork of rtmpdump which removes all the
code that Adobe believed was in violation of the DMCA (due to the belief by Adobe that RTMPE is an encryption
mechanism). flvstreamer still allows users to download a stream of audio or video content from all RTMP servers, as
long as RTMPE is not enabled on the server. rtmpdump development was restarted in October 2009 and is hosted at
the MPlayer site[8] . It has much improved functionality and has been rewritten in C (was C++).
Gnash, an open source replacement for Adobe's Flash player, aims to support RTMP and is currently seeking
donations for funding the necessary development[9] .
RTMP server software
Currently, the only full implementation RTMP servers are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adobe Flash Media Server,
Adobe LiveCycle Data Services
Amazon S3 & Amazon Cloudfront can stream using RTMP
haXeVideo is a multithread FLV streaming server entirely written using the haXe programming language.
Onlinelib VCS Video Communication Server (including iPhone Support)
Red5 Media Server is a reverse engineered open source project which aims to produce a feature-complete
implementation written in Java
• Erlyvideo[10] which has rather wide functionality: not only file streaming, but restreaming of MPEG-TS or
Shoutcast to flash clients by RTMP
• Unreal Media Server supports live RTMP streaming, in real-time and buffered modes.
• Wowza Media Server
• WebORB Integration Server (available for .NET, Java, PHP, and Rails) both commercial and free (some open
source) implementations.
85
OneTeam Media Server has been announced on ProcessOne[11] . A C++ implementation called crtmpserver[12] is
also available.
RTMP Specification
Adobe has opened the Specification for the RTMP Protocol on June 15 of 2009 http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/
rtmp/ [4]
Licence, under which this specification is distributed, requires to implement RTMP server only by this specification.
RTMP server, implemented by mentioned specification will not be able to stream H.264 content, because it requires
special crypto-signed handshake.
RTMFP Specification
• People at crtmpserver [13] are reverse engineering the rtmfp protocol. Work is in progress.
• Blue5 [14] Project created for open source versions of RTMPE and RTMFP.
See also
• Orbit Downloader
• Protected Streaming Info about RTMPS and RTMPE
• Real Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP), based on UDP
References
•
•
•
•
Using RPC services in Flex Data Services 2 [15] - Adobe Flex Article
HTTP Tunneling protocols [16] - Adobe TechNote
RTMP Specification [4] - Adobe Developer Connection Site
RTMFP unofficial specification [17] - www.rtmpd.com [13]
[1] Adobe to Open Flash Platform Messaging Protocol (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200901/
012009RTMP. html). . Retrieved 2009-01-23.
[2] "Adobe has issued a DMCA removal request for rtmpdump" (http:/ / linuxcentre. net/
adobe-has-issued-a-dmca-removal-request-for-rtmpdump/ ). Linuxcentre. . Retrieved 2009-05-22.
[3] "Slashdot | Adobe Uses DMCA On Protocol It Promised To Open" (http:/ / yro. slashdot. org/ article. pl?sid=09/ 05/ 22/ 1254246).
Yro.slashdot.org. . Retrieved 2009-05-22.
[4] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ rtmp/
[5] Using RPC services in Flex Data Services 2 (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flex/ articles/ rpc_service_02. html). . Retrieved 2007-04-16.
[6] http:/ / lkcl. net/ rtmp/ RTMPE. txt
[7] http:/ / savannah. nongnu. org/ projects/ flvstreamer/
[8] "Updates:2009-11-01" (http:/ / www. mplayerhq. hu/ design7/ news. html). . Retrieved 2009-11-01.
[9] "Linux Funding" (http:/ / linuxfund. org/ projects/ gnash/ ). . Retrieved 2010-01-01.
[10] erlyvideo website (http:/ / erlyvideo. org/ )
[11] Presentation in Erlang Factory conference in San Francisco - 30 april 2009 - available on ProcessOne website (http:/ / www. process-one.
net/ en/ blogs/ article/ oneteam_media_server_presentation) and SlideShare (http:/ / www. slideshare. net/ mremond/ oneteam-media-server)
[12] crtmpserver (http:/ / rtmpd. com/ )
[13] http:/ / www. rtmpd. com
[14] http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ blue5/
[15] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flex/ articles/ rpc_service_05. html
[16] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ cfusion/ knowledgebase/ index. cfm?id=tn_16631
[17] http:/ / rtmpd. com/ wiki/ rtmfp
86
External links
• OSFlash - RTMP Protocol (http://www.osflash.org/rtmp/protocol)
• crtmpserver - unofficial RTMFP specification (http://rtmpd.com/wiki/rtmfp)
• OSFlash - RTMP OS (http://www.osflash.org/rtmp_os)
SWF2EXE Software
SWF2EXE software is a type of software which enables the creation of executable files from SWF files.
SWF files were originally designed for use in a web browser and required the Flash plugin to be installed for the
browser it is running on. However SWF files can be played outside of a web browser using the Adobe Flash Player,
provided that the user has the Flash Player installed. The Adobe Flash Player provides an option to wrap the SWF
file into a standalone executable which does not require the Flash Player to be installed for it to run successfully.
This can be done by running the Flash projector, and in the File menu select 'Create projector'. Using this
description, the Flash Player can be thought of as an SWF2EXE program.
Since the option to create standalone projectors (or self executing Flash movies) from Flash was introduced, there
have been several SWF2EXE programs, available commercially and as freeware, which claim to be able to create
standalone executables from SWF files and at the same time extend the functionality of Flash. For example, these
programs offer access to the file system to save to a file - something which cannot be done with Flash alone.
Commercially Available SWF2EXE Programs
Listed Alphabetically
•
•
•
•
•
Janus from Spaghettisort. Enables the creation of Windows and Mac projectors from SWF files.
Jugglor from FlashJester Enables the creation of Windows projectors from SWF and Projector file.
mProjector from ScreenTime Media. Enables the creation of Windows and Mac projectors from SWF files.
SWFKit from TopCMM Technologies. Enables the creation of Windows projectors from SWF files.
SWF Studio v3 from Northcode Inc. Enables the creation of Windows projectors and Screensavers from SWF
files.
• Zinc 3.0 from Multidmedia Limited. Enables the creation of Windows, Mac and Linux projectors from SWF
files.
Opensource SWF2EXE Programs
• Screenweaver OS from OSFlash. Enables the creation of Windows projectors from SWF files.
See also
• Adobe Flash
• Adobe Flash Player
External links
• FlashJester - 3rd Eye Solutions Limited [1]
• Multidmedia Limited [2]
• Northcode Inc [3]
• OSFlash - Screenweaver [4]
87
SWF2EXE Software
• ScreenTime Media [5]
• SWFKit [6]
• www.swf-to-exe.com - Free online converter that enables creation of Windows projectors from SWF files [7]
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
http:/ / www. flashjester. com
http:/ / www. multidmedia. com/ software/ zinc/
http:/ / www. northcode. com/
http:/ / osflash. org/ screenweaver/
http:/ / www. screentime. com/ software/ mprojector/
http:/ / www. swfkit. com/
http:/ / www. swf-to-exe. com/
88
SWFFit
89
SWFFit
[1]
Developer(s)
Miller Medeiros
Initial release
July 2006
Stable release
2.3.2 / August 5, 2009
Written in
JavaScript
Platform
Web browser
Size
3.62 KB (output JS
file)
Available in
English
Development status Stable
Type
JavaScript library
License
MIT License
Website
[2]
SWFFit (formerly know as FitFlash) is a JavaScript library used to resize Adobe Flash movies according to the
browser window size keeping it accessible independent of the screen resolution. It is used together with SWFObject.
SWFFit was created because each user uses a different screen resolution and resizes the browser window to custom
sizes and if the content is set to 100% width and/or height (full bleed) the browser don't generate scrollbars and
maybe an important content will be hidden for the user if the window dimensions are smaller than the content.
It can also be used to dynamically resize the Adobe Flash movie size.
External links
• SWFFit website [3]
• SWFFit at Google Code [2]
References
[1] http:/ / www. millermedeiros. com/
[2] http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swffit/
[3] http:/ / swffit. millermedeiros. com/
SWFObject
90
SWFObject
[1]
Developer(s)
Geoff Stearns
Initial release
January 2006
Stable release
2.2 / June 12, 2009
Written in
JavaScript
Platform
Web browser
Size
10 KB (output JS file)
Available in
English
with Toby Boudreaux
[2]
and Bobby van der Sluis
[3]
Development status Stable
Type
JavaScript library
License
MIT License
Website
[4]
SWFObject (originally FlashObject[5] ) is an open-source JavaScript library used to embed Adobe Flash content
onto Web pages, which is supplied as one small JavaScript file.[6] The library can also detect the installed Adobe
Flash Player plug-in in all major web browsers, on all major operating systems (OS), and can redirect the visitor to
another webpage or show alternate HTML content if the installed plug-in is not suitable.[7] The library is
independent, although related external libraries often integrate with it, such as SWFAddress and SWFFit.
SWFObject is used by over 13% of the websites detected to be utilizing any form of JavaScript[8] , amounting to
thousands of modern websites such as Ask.com [9], Windows.com [10], Time.com [11], Skype.com [12],
Discovery.com [13] and YouTube.[14] [15]
Embedding
SWFObject provides the most reliable method of embedding Flash content into a webpage[16] by internally handling
the various practices that one must follow in order for different web browsers to display Flash content correctly, and
isolating them from the web designer. The developer may interface with the library in a standardized manner, the
minimum being a single line of JavaScript code.[17] Therefore even inexperienced web designers without knowledge
of the ideal HTML code to embed Flash content, can easily insert Flash content into web pages, and have them
reliably work for the widest possible audience (excepting those with JavaScript disabled). Flash content inserted
using SWFObject will also work on devices that support JavaScript execution (and Flash Player), such as the Wii,
PlayStation 3 and Nokia N800, unlike the PlayStation Portable.[18]
Limitation
The biggest disadvantage of relying on SWFObject to embed Flash content without using any compatible HTML
markup, is that visitors with JavaScript disabled in their web browsers will not be able to view the Flash content, and
will instead see alternate HTML content provided by the web page. For websites that aim to reach the widest
possible audience an alternate method is available, by using standards-compliant HTML markup to embed the Flash
movie (typically using the <object> tags for the best browser compatibility[19] ), and using the registerObject()
function within the library's API[20] to register the Flash content enabling usage of the other features that the library
provides.
SWFObject
Extras
SWFObject also includes a few utility functions within its API to retrieve Flash Player related information, such as
checking whether a specific version of Flash Player is installed,[21] and a few DHTML utilities to help work with the
DOM.[22] Because of this, the most common reasons Flash Website developers turn to external JavaScript
frameworks such as jQuery or Prototype are satisfied internally, giving developers fewer reasons to add additional
JavaScript libraries to their website.
The library can also be used to integrate Flash Player Express Install into the webpage, allowing users to install the
latest Flash Player without leaving the site, although this requires a browser restart.[23]
See also
• Adobe Flash, the design and development program in which Flash websites, animations and intros are created.
• Adobe Flash Player, and its file-format SWF
External links
SWFObject 1.5
• SWFObject 1.5 Homepage, deconcept [24], overview and usage of an older version of SWFObject
• SWFObject 1.5 released, deconcept Blog [25]
SWFObject 2
• swfobject 2, Google Code [4], freely download SWFObject for usage on a website
• SWFObject 2 FAQ [26]
• SWFObject Documentation, Google Code [27], the What, Why and How, of SWFObject 2
General
•
•
•
•
Methods of embedding Flash onto a webpage [28], internally used by SWFObject to maximize compatibility.
Embed Multiple Web FLV Players in One Web page [29], using SWFObject or Flashvars code
Flash Embedding Cage Match, A List Apart [30], compares the Flash embedding methods.
swfobject.js vs Embed HTML [31], advantages of SWFObject over traditional HTML tags
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
http:/ / www. geoffstearns. com/
http:/ / www. tobyjoe. com/
http:/ / www. bobbyvandersluis. com/
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/
Internet Web Technology Trends and Usage for FlashObject (http:/ / trends. builtwith. com/ ?tag=javascript&
tech=37920601-3ac9-40a7-96a2-7efd5edb1934), BuiltWith
[6] Source Checkout, swfobject - Google Code (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/ source/ checkout), Page Header, overview of
SWFObject
[7] SWFObject 1.5 Homepage (http:/ / blog. deconcept. com/ swfobject/ ), deconcept
[8] Internet JavaScript Technology Trends and Top Providers (http:/ / trends. builtwith. com/ ?tag=javascript), BuiltWith
[9] http:/ / builtwith. com/ ?ask. com
[10] http:/ / www. windows. com/
[11] http:/ / www. time. com
[12] http:/ / www. skype. com/
[13] http:/ / www. discovery. com
[14] Internet Web Technology Trends and Usage for SWFObject (http:/ / trends. builtwith. com/ ?tag=javascript&
tech=b9f773e8-12b1-46ee-ab08-bafa6c8d0c6f), BuiltWith
[15] Who uses SWFObject? (http:/ / blog. deconcept. com/ swfobject/ #faq), SWFObject FAQ
[16] Adobe Developer Network (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ flashplayer/ articles/ swfobject. html)
91
SWFObject
[17] Embedding Adobe Flash Player content using SWFObject 2 - Documentation - Google Code (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/ wiki/
documentation)
[18] Do SWFs embedded with SWFObject 2 display in the Sony PS3 or Nintendo Wii web browsers? (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/
wiki/ faq#12. _Do_SWFs_embedded_with_SWFObject_2_display_in_the_Sony_PS3_or), SWFObject FAQ
[19] Bobby van der Sluis > Flash embed test suite (http:/ / www. bobbyvandersluis. com/ flashembed/ testsuite/ ), HTML embed element
compatibility
[20] Function swfobject.registerObject, SWFObject JavaScript API documentation - Google Code (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/ wiki/
api#SWFObject_API_documentation)
[21] Function swfobject.hasFlashPlayerVersion, SWFObject JavaScript API documentation - Google Code (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/
swfobject/ wiki/ api#swfobject. hasFlashPlayerVersion(versionStr))
[22] Function swfobject.add(Dom)LoadEvent, SWFObject JavaScript API documentation - Google Code (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/
swfobject/ wiki/ api#swfobject. addLoadEvent(fn))
[23] SWFObject 2.2 - What's new? (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/ wiki/ whats_new), Google Code
[24] http:/ / blog. deconcept. com/ swfobject/
[25] http:/ / blog. deconcept. com/ 2007/ 02/ 28/ swfobject-1-5-released/
[26] http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/ wiki/ faq
[27] http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swfobject/ wiki/ documentation
[28] http:/ / www. bobbyvandersluis. com/ flashembed/ testsuite/
[29] http:/ / www. playerdiy. com/ blog/ how-to-add-multiple-flash-video-players-in-one-webpage/
[30] http:/ / www. alistapart. com/ articles/ flashembedcagematch/
[31] http:/ / www. longtailvideo. com/ support/ forum/ General-Chat/ 15974/ swfobject-js-vs-Embed-HTML
SWFTools
SWFTools is a suite of software tools to create and manipulate SWF files. SWF is the file format used by Adobe
Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) animation software. SWFTools runs on Windows, Mac OS X, AmigaOS, Linux
and several other Unix-like systems.
SWFTools is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License and is thus free software.
The central tool is swfc which takes as input a description of a Flash animation in a simple language and creates as
output an SWF file. It is possible to include ActionScript scripts into the generated SWF file. SWFTools also
includes the RFXSWF Library which allows to write programs that generate SWF.
In addition SWFTools includes a number of tools to convert content in the PDF, JPEG, GIF, WAV and AVI formats
to SWF, and others to extract information and content from existing SWF files. It's also possible to embed other
SWF files, which may be useful for animating static pictures (for example, the static SWF files generated by
OpenOffice.org Impress and Draw).
See also
•
•
•
•
•
Ming, a free library to create SWF files, used by SWFTools
Flasm
MTASC
Comparison of screencasting software
92
SWFTools
External links
• swftools.org [1] Official site, with documentation and changelog
References
[1] http:/ / www. swftools. org/
SWX Format
The SWX Format (or simply SWX) is an open-source data format that Adobe Flash Player can interpret, as if it
were a standard SWF.[1] Since SWX is a subset of the SWF format, data is stored as SWF bytecode which is
automatically interpreted by any version of Adobe Flash Player requiring no additional installation by the end user.[2]
An ActionScript API is also provided by the developers aiding integration of the SWX Format into Flash Websites
and Rich Internet Applications.
Usage
SWX data files can be loaded into Flash movies that use:
• ActionScript 2, using the internal Flash function loadMovie(). This function is available in every active version of
Adobe Flash Player, meaning developers may utilize this functionality without any additional source code.
• ActionScript 3, using an SWX API function. When data is received, SWX sends a custom event to the Flash
movie that requested the data, enabling the program to react or utilize the data the moment it is downloaded and
available for use.
External links
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SWX: SWF Data Format [3], official website
swx-format - Data Format [4], Google Code
How to use SWX ActionScript API [5], wiki, Google Code
How to get SWX up and running [6], wiki, Google Code
SWX Support Group [7], Google Groups
SWX Java [8], official website
swxjava - SWX RPC implementation in Java [9], Google Code
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
SWX: SWF Data Format (http:/ / swxformat. org/ ), official website
swx-format - Data Format (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swx-format/ ), Google Code
http:/ / swxformat. org/
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swx-format/
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swx-format/ wiki/ Using_SWX
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swx-format/ wiki/ Installing_SWX
http:/ / groups. google. com/ group/ swx-format
http:/ / swxjava. org/
http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ swxjava/
93
94
Scalable Inman Flash Replacement (sIFR) is an open source JavaScript and Adobe Flash dynamic web fonts
implementation, enabling the replacement of text elements on HTML web pages with Flash equivalents. It was
initially developed by Mike Davidson and improved by Mark Wubben. It is a scalable variety of HTML text-to-flash
replacement pioneered by Shaun Inman.
Overview
CSS support in web browsers did not, at the time of sIFR's creation, allow webpages to dynamically include web
fonts, so there was no guarantee that fonts specified in CSS or HTML would show as intended, as the browsing user
may or may not have had the specified font installed in their system. sIFR embeds a font in a Flash element that
displays the text, preempting the need for a font to have been manually pre-installed on a user's system.
A common technique is to use raster graphics to display text in a font that cannot be trusted to be available on most
computers. Text created this way pixelates when scaled and cannot be partially selected. In contrast, sIFR text
elements mimic normal HTML text – they are relatively resizeable and copyable.
sIFR requires JavaScript to be enabled and the Flash plugin installed in the reading browser. If either condition is not
met, the reader's browser will automatically display traditional CSS based styling instead of the sIFR rendering. sIFR
is not designed for body copy text as rendering greater bodies of text with Flash place formidable demands on the
computer. Due to this restriction, Mike Davidson himself admitted that[1]
While sIFR gives us better typography today, it is clearly not the solution for the next 20 years.
“
”
sIFR has been used on a variety of well-known web pages, such as those of GE, Nike and Red Hat. As of December
2008, the current sIFR release is version 2.0.7. Version 3 is in beta.[2]
Criticism
Although accessibility can be preserved using this technique, users should be aware that sIFR affects page loading
time (from the multiple requests required for the Flash, JavaScript and CSS files used by sIFR). Also, the growing
popularity of browser ad blocker plugins may decorate Flash content with a "block" button and thereby obscure the
text.
Alternatives
Since the creation of sIFR, dynamic web fonts support in browsers has been renewed, with at least the latest versions
of the four most popular browsers supporting them.
Facelift Image Replacement (FLIR) is a similar software to sIFR. But instead of using flash, it embeds plain images,
that are generated automatically from the text on the webpage. So even if user does not have flash plugin installed,
he will see the text replaced by FLIR. However, FLIR requires that the website host is capable of running PHP, and
it is even less accessible than sIFR.
Cufón [3] is an alternative that converts font paths to VML paths stored in JSON and then renders the fonts using a
JavaScript rendering engine.
Trivia
The name of the original technique was derived from an anagram of the acronym for the CSS image-replacement
technique it was designed to replace, Fahrner Image Replacement.
See also
• Web typography
External links
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
sIFR 3 [4]
Wiki.Novemberborn, sIFR Documentation & FAQ [5]
Introducing sIFR: The Healthy Alternative to Browser Text [6] by *Mike Davidson [7]
FLIR - Facelift Image Replacement software [8]
Online sIFR Generator [9]
Another Online sIFR Generator [10]
A Library of sIFR fonts [11]
Official Google Webmaster Central Blog [12] Google prefers sIFR as announced during SMX Advanced 2008
• This is how you get sIFR to work [13], a guide for implementing sIFR (using sIFR3)
• jQuery sIFR plugin [14], a jQuery-flavored version of sIFR
References
[1] "Type online". (Oct. 2005). Computer Arts Projects, p. 64.
[2] Wubben, Mark. "sIFR Documentation & FAQ" (http:/ / wiki. novemberborn. net/ sifr/ ). . Retrieved 2007-07-20.
[3] http:/ / wiki. github. com/ sorccu/ cufon/ about
[4] http:/ / novemberborn. net/ sifr3
[5] http:/ / wiki. novemberborn. net/ sifr
[6] http:/ / www. mikeindustries. com/ blog/ archive/ 2004/ 08/ sifr
[7] http:/ / www. mikeindustries. com/ blog/ sifr/
[8] http:/ / facelift. mawhorter. net/
[9] http:/ / www. sifrgenerator. com/
[10] http:/ / www. ianpurton. com/ sifr/
[11] http:/ / www. sifrvault. com/
[12] http:/ / googlewebmastercentral. blogspot. com/ 2007/ 07/ best-uses-of-flash. html
[13] http:/ / designintellection. com/ 2008/ this-is-how-you-get-sifr-to-work/
[14] http:/ / jquery. thewikies. com/ sifr/
95
Screensaver Creator
96
Screensaver Creator
[1]
Developer(s)
3rd Eye Solutions
Stable release
Creator 1.3
Operating
system
Windows
Type
Flash tool and Screen saver software
Website
Creator
[1]
Creator is a Flash screen saver creating software which takes a Flash Projector file and turns it into a screen saver.
This tool offers users the possibility to do customization on most parameters of the screen saver. Users take full
control of the interaction and sound with features like fill effects, bitmaps, on/off sound option, header and footer
text with effects.
Creator is a whole suite of different programs, all in one which produce and package a screen saver so it's ready for
distribution.
Creator is compatible with Adobe Flash 3, 4, 5, MX, MX 2005 and 8. It is also compatible with Adobe LiveMotion
so users can create screen savers no matter which package they use to create SWFs.
Creator does not require any plugins. The finished file contains everything that is needed to view the screen saver.
References
[1] http:/ / www. flashjester. com/ ?section=tricks_creator
SWF
97
SWF
Filename extension .swf
Internet media
type
application/x-shockwave-flash
Developed by
FutureWave Software,
later taken over by Macromedia
and
Adobe Systems
Type of format
Vector graphic animation
The file format[1] SWF, has variably stood for "Small Web Format" or "Shockwave Flash". It is a partially open
repository for multimedia and vector graphics, originating with FutureWave Software and then coming under the
control of Adobe. Intended to be small enough for publication on the web, SWF files can contain animations or
applets of varying degrees of interactivity and function.
SWF currently functions as the dominant format for displaying "animated" vector graphics on the Web. It may also
be used for programs, commonly games, using ActionScript.
SWF files can be generated from within several Adobe products: Flash, Flex Builder (an IDE), as well as through
MXMLC, a command line application compiler which is part of the freely available Flex SDK. Other than Adobe
products, SWFs can be built with open source Motion-Twin ActionScript 2 Compiler (MTASC), the open source
Ming library, the free software suite SWFTools, the proprietary SWiSH Max2 and the web-based application
BannerSnack. There are also various third party programs that can produce files in this format, such as Multimedia
Fusion 2.
History
FutureWave Software, a small company later acquired by Macromedia, originally defined the file format with one
primary objective: to create small files for displaying entertaining animations.[2] The idea was to have a format
which could be reused by a player running on any system and which would work with slower network connections.
Adobe acquired Macromedia in 2005.
On May 1, 2008, Adobe dropped its licensing restrictions on the SWF format specifications, as part of the Open
Screen Project. However, Rob Savoye, a member of the Gnash development team, has pointed to some parts of the
Flash format which remain closed.[3] On July 1, 2008, Adobe released code which allowed the Google and Yahoo
search-engines to crawl and index SWF files.[4]
SWF
98
Description
Originally limited to presenting vector-based objects and images in a simple sequential manner, the format in its later
versions allows audio (since Flash 3), video (since Flash 6) and many different possible forms of interaction with the
end-user. Once created, SWF files can be played by the Adobe Flash Player, working either as a browser plugin or as
a standalone player. SWF files can also be encapsulated with the player, creating a self-running SWF movie called a
"projector".
Adobe makes available plugins to play SWF files in web browsers on many desktop operating systems, including
Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux on the x86 architecture. As of 2007 intensive development had
taken place on Gnash, a free-software implementation of a SWF player. Another FOSS implementation is Swfdec.
Based on an independent study conducted by Millward Brown, over 99% of Web users now have an SWF plugin
installed, with around 90% having the latest version of the Flash Player.
Sony PlayStation Portable consoles can play limited SWF files in Sony's web browser, beginning with firmware
version 2.71. Both the Nintendo Wii [5] and the Sony PS3 [6] consoles can run SWF files through their Internet
browsers.
Also many mobile phones support flash as standard, such as Nokia.
Licensing
Adobe makes available a partial specification of SWF.[7] The document is claimed to be missing "huge amounts" of
information needed to completely implement SWF, omitting specifications for RTMP and Sorenson Spark.[8]
However, the RTMP specification[9] was released publicly in June 2009, and the Sorenson Spark codec is not
Adobe's property. Until May 1, 2008, implementing software that plays SWF was disallowed by the specification's
license.[10] On that date, as part of its Open Screen Project, Adobe dropped all such restrictions on the SWF and FLV
formats.[11] However, the SWF specification was released under a very restrictive license:[12]
This manual may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or converted to any electronic or
machine-readable form in whole or in part without written approval from Adobe Systems Incorporated.
As a result, some believe that coordinating with developers of an SWF implementation is made more difficult
because the document cannot be easily shared. However, because the document can be directly downloaded from the
Adobe web site by anyone wishing to read it, the impact of that restriction may be inconsequential.
Implementing software which creates SWF files has always been permitted, on the condition that the resulting files
render "error free in the latest publicly available version of Adobe Flash Player."[13]
GNU has started developing a free software SWF player called Gnash under the GNU General Public License
(GPL). Another player is the GNU LGPL Swfdec. However, GNU does not provide financial support for either
project.
Scaleform GFx is a commercial alternative SWF player that features full hardware acceleration using the GPU and
has high conformance up to Flash 8 and AS2. Scaleform GFx is licensed as a game middleware solution and used by
many PC and console 3D games for user interfaces, HUDs, mini games, and video playback.
SWF
99
See also
Adobe Flash
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ActionScript
Adobe Flash Player, the runtime that executes and plays back Flash movies.
Adobe Flash Lite, a lightweight version of Flash Player for devices that lack the resources to run regular Flash
movies.
Flash Video
Ming library
Saffron Type System, the anti-aliased text-rendering engine used in version 8 onwards.
Local Shared Object
SWFObject, a JavaScript library used to embed Flash content into webpages.
Other
• OpenLaszlo
• Personal video recorders can record and play swf files
• SWF2EXE Software
• FutureSplash Animator
• SWFTools
• SWiSH Max
External links
• Adobe Systems Flash SWF reference [14]
• SWF File Format Specification [15] (Version 10)
References
[1] Open Screen Project (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ openscreenproject)
[2] "The History of Flash: The Dawn of Web Animation" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ macromedia/ events/ john_gay/ page04. html). Adobe
Systems. . Retrieved 2008-01-21.
[3] Free Flash community reacts to Adobe Open Screen Project (http:/ / www. openmedianow. org/ ?q=node/ 21)
[4] Streamingmedia.com: Google and Yahoo Roll out Flash Search (http:/ / www. streamingmedia. com/ article. asp?id=10523)
[5] "Wii Internet Channel" (http:/ / www. nintendo. com/ wii/ channels/ internetchannel). .
[6] Eric Lempel. "PS3 Firmware (v2.53) Update" (http:/ / blog. us. playstation. com/ 2008/ 12/ 01/ ps3-firmware-v253-update). Playstation.Blog.
. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
[7] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ swf/
[8] "Free Flash community reacts to Adobe Open Screen Project" (http:/ / www. openmedianow. org/ ?q=node/ 21). . Retrieved 2008-11-29.
[9] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ rtmp/
[10] "SWF and FLV File Format Specification License Agreement" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ licensing/ developer/ fileformat/ license/ ). Adobe
Systems. 2007-06-27. . Retrieved 2008-01-05. "You may not use the Specification in any way to create or develop a runtime, client, player,
executable or other program that reads or renders SWF files."
[11] "Open Screen Project Press Release" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ aboutadobe/ pressroom/ pressreleases/ 200804/ 050108AdobeOSP. html).
Adobe Systems. 2008-05-01. . Retrieved 2008-05-01.
[12] "SWF File Format Specification Version 10" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ swf/ pdf/ swf_file_format_spec_v10. pdf). . Retrieved
2008-11-29.
[13] "Adobe Player Licensing: Flash Player Developer SDKs" (http:/ / www. adobe. com/ licensing/ developer). Adobe Systems. . Retrieved
2008-01-21.
[14] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ swf/
[15] http:/ / www. adobe. com/ devnet/ swf/ pdf/ swf_file_format_spec_v10. pdf
Swfdec
100
Swfdec
Developer(s)
Benjamin Otte
Discontinued
0.8.4 / December 21, 2008
Preview release
0.9.2 / November 11, 2008
Operating system
GNU/Linux / FreeBSD / OpenBSD, MorphOS
Development status Unmaintained
Type
Interpreters, Media player
License
GNU Lesser General Public License
Website
swfdec.freedesktop.org
[1]
Swfdec is a free/open source replacement of Adobe Flash Player. It is currently compatible with GNU/Linux and
FreeBSD and is distributed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Swfdec is a library that can be used to play Flash files. There is a standalone player and a Mozilla plugin that uses
the library. Swfdec supports Flash through version 4, and most features of Flash through version 9. The player was
routinely updated to support the latest features demanded by video players, resulting in most (including YouTube,
Google Video, Lulu.tv, AOL video, and CNN video) working at any given time.
Swfdec has been chosen as the Flash player for Fedora,[2] and it has been ported to DirectFB for embedded use
alongside its X11 and GTK+ bindings. It uses the Cairo graphics library for rendering, GStreamer for decoding audio
and video[3] and PulseAudio, OSS, or ALSA for audio playback.
Development of Swfdec is almost stopped. In year 2009, only 9 commits were done in the git repository.
See also
• Gnash
External links
• Swfdec Homepage [1]
• Swfdec developer blog [4]
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
http:/ / swfdec. freedesktop. org/
Fedora 9 Swfdec Feature Page (http:/ / fedoraproject. org/ wiki/ Features/ Swfdec)
Jonathan Corbet (2007-04-04). "Two approaches to Flash" (http:/ / lwn. net/ Articles/ 228637/ ). LWN.net. .
http:/ / blogs. gnome. org/ otte/
swfmill
101
swfmill
swfmill is a free software command line tool that generates SWF files.
It is an XML to SWF to XML processor using SWFML, an XML dialect closely modeled after the SWF format. It
comes with XSLT capabilities, and a more accessible dialect of SWFML to generate SWF files.
swfmill may be used to generate SWF files that contain library assets for use with MTASC. Currently, it imports
images (JPEG, PNG), fonts (TrueType), SVG and other SWF files. It may also place assets on the stage, create
movieclips with multiple frames, textfields, among other things.
See also
•
•
•
•
ActionScript
Gnash, a free Flash viewer under construction
SWFTools, tools to create and manipulate SWF files
Ming, a library to create SWF files
External links
• Official web site [1]
• Open Source Flash Community [2]
References
[1] http:/ / swfmill. org/
[2] http:/ / osflash. org/
Toufee
102
Toufee
Developer(s)
Sanchit Bhatnagar Navneet Rai
Stable release
1.02 / October 26, 2006
Operating
system
Website
Type
Flash Animation
License
Subscription
Website
www.toufee.com
[1]
Toufee is flash movie creating/editing software that is distributed online. It is an online software which runs inside
the browser, so it is compatible with Windows, GNU/Linux and Macintosh operating systems. It contains features
such as text effects, image transitions, audio/video support, and timeline editing.
Layout
Toufee’s layout is similar to Microsoft Powerpoint. At the top there is menu bar. Beneath the menu bar there are two
columns. The column of frames on the left is the "filmstrip". The bigger column, on the right, is the "stage".
The stage is similar to a big painting canvas where users add text, photos, videos, etc. The filmstrip is a panorama of
the stage (allowing the preview of different frames).
Making flash movies
To create flash movies in Toufee one does not require knowledge of programming, or Actionscript. It is instead a
straightforward process, allowing anyone to create movies with ease. Frames, text, images, videos, notes, sounds and
buttons can be added to the movies by clicking the buttons on the menu bar. Double-clicking on any item opens a
properties window for the selected item. This can be used to change the appearance of the selected item, add sounds
effects, change timing, and so on. The finished movie can be published online as an SWF file. It can only be viewed
online, however, unless converted to a video file format with a third-party utility.
Editing, effects and transitions
There are over 50 text effects, and 25 image transitions. These are applied using a drag and drop interface from the
"effects" or "transitions" folders. Sound clips, and masks, can be added to any items on the stage by dragging those
effects onto the items.
Features
• Toufee is web-based software, and does not require any software installation.
• A Toufee movie consists of Text, Images, Videos, and Sounds. Any number of these can be used in each movie.
• There are more than fifty Text Effects and around 25 Image Effects available.
• Included are five nearly-human text-to-speech voices which can convert user-provided text to dictated text
instantly.
• Toufee supports PNG and GIF image files.
Toufee
103
• Import of all popular video formats, including: WMV, MPEG, AVI, and others.
• Supports download of images and videos directly from popular sites like Flickr and YouTube.
Restrictions
• No one can create/edit movies without opening an account (Trial offer).
• The flash movies made with Toufee cannot be downloaded to a computer. If the movie needs further editing, it
must be done at the site.
• Users of the Opera web browser have reported problems utilising Toufee's GUI.
Toufee In Education
• Toufee is being used by educators for activity-based learning to help children who cannot afford flash or learn
flash programming.
• It was recently featured on the Discovery Educator Network.
Versions
0.9
Toufee 0.9
1.02 Toufee 1.02
2.0a Toufee 2.0a (alpha, unreleased)
See also
• Windows Movie Maker
External links
•
•
•
•
•
Toufee Website [1]
Toufee Wiki [2]
Techcrunch's article on toufee [3]
Use in education [4]
Discovery Education Website [5]
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
http:/ / www. toufee. com/
http:/ / www. toufee. com/ wiki/
http:/ / www. techcrunch. com/ 2006/ 10/ 25/ toufee-launches-fast-flash-movie-making/
http:/ / www. toufee. com/ moviemaker/ how-educators-use-toufee-for-activity-based-learning/
http:/ / www. discoveryeducation. com/ products. cfm/
Adobe Flash Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=361665971 Contributors: *drew, -Midorihana-, .:Ajvol:., 212.66.170.xxx, 213.253.39.xxx, 5 albert square, 5nizza, A.M.,
ADGTHFan, ARDink, AVRS, Aapo Laitinen, AaronJumper, Aaroncrick, Aasimpy, Abu badali, Achievist, Acidburn24m, Adam B, Addison1111, AdrianTNT, Aetheling, Ahoerstemeier, Airada,
Akhristov, Alan Canon, Alex Nadtoka, Alexandru.rosu, Alexcq, Alexf, Alexius08, Algocu, Alhead, AlistairMcMillan, Alphachimp, Altenmann, Alx xlA, Ameron, Ampre, AmyNelson,
Analoguedragon, Andrew D White, Andrew J. MacDonald, AndrewHowse, Angela, Anirvan, Antaeus Feldspar, Antandrus, Anthony717, Antimatter15, Antonielly, Ar-wiki, Arabella Devine, Are
you ready for IPv6?, ArglebargleIV, ArielGold, Arjun01, Armando82, Arrenlex, Artw, Asafoetida, Asj85, Astrowob, Aswalls, Atraxani, Audacity, Audriusa, Avraham, Awildman, AxelBoldt,
Ayries, B3nn, BCube, Baa, Babajobu, Balthazar, Banes, Baojia, Barrylb, Bazdm, Beakermeep, BearFrog, Behdood, Beland, Bender235, Benhough1, Bennish, Benny bc, Best Dog Ever,
Betacommand, Bigbob222, Billpg, BioTube, Blacksqr, Blaisorblade, Blanius, Blenda Lovelace, Blitterbug, Bloodzombie, Bluerasberry, Bobblehead, Bobblewik, Bobo192, Booyabazooka, Brian
Crawford, Brianhe, Brianpirie, BrokenBeta, Brucebertrand, BryanG, Bsalus01, BurnDownBabylon, Butko, Buzgun, CALR, Campoftheamericas, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CanisRufus,
Canonblack, CapitalR, Capricorn42, Carl.bunderson, CartoonManX, Cat Parade, Catamorphism, Catgut, Catraga, Causa sui, Cdc, Cdwiegand, Cesdep, Cgs, Chaswell, Chealer, ChewbaccaKL,
Chmod 777, Chochem, Chris Roy, Chris Ssk, Chris1324856, Chrisdolan, ChtFreak64, Chuq, Churroe, Cocoma, CodeWeasel, Colin Holgate, Colinstu, Computerdan000, ConCompS, Coneslayer,
Conti, Conversion script, CoolFox, Corbanb, Corsairstw, CosineKitty, CosmicRay, Crazysim, Crynryan101, Cslagel, Ctk198, Ctman5on, Curious Darkness, Cuulcars, Cuvtixo, CyanBlue,
CyberSkull, Cyberevil, DESiegel, DJSnuggles, DMacks, Dakart, Damaster98, Damian Yerrick, DanPope, DanniDK, Darco, Dark Vip3r, Darkeldress, Darkside5001, Darth Panda,
Darwinianphysicist, DasRakel, Dave martin, DayToDie, Dbenbenn, Dbkreiss, DeadEyeArrow, Demiurge, Denni, Derek Ross, Dgall87, DiaboliClown, Dikuno, Dims110, Dionim, Discospinster,
Djoest, DocWatson42, Donkyhotay, Doradus, Doug s, Dposse, Dr. WTF, DragonflySixtyseven, Drdisque, Drini, Drscissor, Dsf, Duckbill, Dyker, Dylan anglada, Dysprosia, Długosz, Ed g2s,
Eeekster, Efe, Ehheh, Ejumper, Elharo, Ellmist, Eloquence, EmersonCollege07, EmpMac, Emremdemir, Emuroms, Enchanter, Enkrates, Epaphroditus Ph. M., EricR, Erik Raven, Etaonish,
Ethicsolutions, Etienne.navarro, Evan1109, Evice, Evil Monkey, Evolutionxbox, Excirial, Explodingbat, F Zero QQQ GX, F0x19, FFMG, Farannan, Farmerchris, FatalError, FayssalF, Feezle,
Fennec, Ferrumwp, Fgdncso, Figueira, Firsfron, Flatlandhost, Flowanda, Foolish Child, Foovius, Fox, Francis Good, Frankieroberto, Frankn12345, Frap, Frazzydee, Frecklefoot, Fredrik, Free
Software Knight, Furrykef, Futurix, Fzamaan, GChriss, GDonato, GTBacchus, Gadfium, Gaius Cornelius, Galwhaa, Garkbit, Gary Kirk, Garzo, Gava, Geist3, Gelbukh, Ghettoblaster, Ghewgill,
Giftlite, Gimmetrow, Gnepets, GoTeamVenture, Goddessanime, Gogo Dodo, Goobergunch, GosiaCh, GraemeL, Green caterpillar, Gridlinked, Gronky, Grunt, Gstrack, Gtgleeson, Guaka,
Gudeldar, Gurch, HLwiKi, Haakon, Hadal, Hairy Dude, Halo, Hankwang, Hannes Hirzel, Hao2lian, Harryboyles, Haseo9999, Hateless, Hawky, Hd86, Hdt83, Hengsheng120, Henryhartley,
Herakleitoszefesu, Heron, Hertzsprung, Hervegirod, Hhielscher, Hiilidioksidi, Hippy deluxe, Hirzel, Hobartimus, HoodedMan, Hoovernj, Horkana, Hotlavasoftware, Hqb, Hriped, Hu12,
Hulagutten, Hulten, Husond, IRP, Iamdeadfish, Iamlost456, Ian Moody, Iani, Ideeben, Idomain, Idont Havaname, Ijon-Tichy, Ikmoetpoepen, Illegal Operation, IndulgentReader, Init, Inportb,
Inquam, Insanity Incarnate, Interiot, InvaderJim42, Iol, Irishguy, Islandboy99, Ixfd64, J Milburn, J. M., J.delanoy, JForget, JLaTondre, JY.public, JYOuyang, Jabberwockyoligarchy, Jacek
Kendysz, Jack Phoenix, Jakefive, Jalada, Jamesday, Jamie Todd, Janus657, Jarry1250, JayZ, Jeff G., Jeffq, Jeffrey Smith, Jehochman, Jeremiahbarrar, JeremyA, Jerrysmp, Jersyko, JiFish, Jinxed,
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Vincentt, Widefox, Witchinghour, Wondigoma, WulfTheSaxon, Yugsdrawkcabeht, Yworo, Zeth, 101 anonymous edits
JStart Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=349803915 Contributors: Cander0000, Carabinieri, DanielPharos, Doc Quintana, Katharineamy, Kozuch, Pixy84, Sophus Bie
Joe Paradise Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=324643630 Contributors: Chris9086, DanTD, Javalizard, Lightmouse, Lordyo, M-le-mot-dit, Mattymatt, Rjwilmsi, 4
anonymous edits
Jugglor Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=339439013 Contributors: Cander0000, DanielPharos, Kozuch, Pixy84, R'n'B, Rockfang, Shinerunner, 1 anonymous edits
Local Shared Object Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=358185394 Contributors: Avatar-X, Bazj, Bisclavret, BobStepno, Bowmanjj, Bryan Derksen, Colfer2, DajoKatti,
Domthedude001, JLaTondre, Jibjibjib, Josef.salyer, Levin, Martarius, Michael Hardy, Mr. Bene, Neurolysis, Njoyce, Otisjimmy1, Peterl, Pigman, Psiphiorg, Raffen, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi,
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Scientus, Skrim, Splibubay, Thape, The Anome, Tomjenkins52, Torc2, Tree Biting Conspiracy, Tregoweth, WikiLaurent, Xs4-guy, 60 anonymous edits
MTASC Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=344745069 Contributors: Amine Brikci N, AnOddName, AxelBoldt, Brilliantnut, Gronky, Gurchzilla, Isilanes, Kl4m-AWB,
Logiphile, Marcotulio, Mariolina, Mbac, Mdd4696, Nad, Robodoggy, Saoshyant, Viktoria c, 10 anonymous edits
Magic gopher Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=331252401 Contributors: Academic Challenger, Chickencha, David Gerard, Etotheipi, HokieRNB, Iridescent, John Reaves,
Marasmusine, Michael Hardy, Nekohakase, Oddharmonic, RDBury, Snowolf, Wigren, Willking1979, 25 anonymous edits
Ming library Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=349302839 Contributors: -Xen-, Alison9, AxelBoldt, CapitalSasha, Cesdep, Damian Yerrick, DevelCuy, Djmckee1, Free
Software Knight, Gronky, Isilanes, Kl4m-AWB, Laurusnobilis, Ledona delano, Minghong, Nad, Neilc, Nigosh, Pieguy48, Serenity-Fr, Thue, Zeus, Zven, 6 anonymous edits
Open Dialect Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=286749956 Contributors: CharlotteWebb, Grutness, Leolaursen, Siwel Ziva, Sunil gupta20801, 3 anonymous edits
Real Time Messaging Protocol Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=361499478 Contributors: Adammw, Amolshah, Arichnad, Armando82, Atama, Black Falcon, Cerebellum,
Creek23, Derek.munneke, Desmondcsmith, Esa101, Falcon8765, Fifo, Fridolin, Full Decent, Hairy Dude, Intgr, InvertedSaint, JLaTondre, Jasonbronx, Johann Wolfgang, Johnteslade, Kinema,
Lkesteloot, Loevborg, Mahanga, Martarius, Maxlapshin, Mcavalletto, Mcoderkat, Mondainx, Nelson50, Nopetro, Nyco, Olof26, Pdedecker, Pgr94, Phatom87, Pieguy48, Rich Farmbrough,
Rlorenzo, SJP, Scientus, Shiretu, SixSix, StephenTech, StreamRecorder, Sunil gupta20801, Swartz1999, Taber, Tabletop, Toussaint, Uzume, VitriolUK, WikiLaurent, Wowzamedia, Wwwwolf,
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SWF2EXE Software Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=347482959 Contributors: Arichnad, CoJaBo, Coldacid, Dark Vip3r, Mentifisto, Micheli, Seanhess, Stacrd, 27
anonymous edits
SWFFit Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=328510545 Contributors: Millermedeiros, Pdcook, Tedickey
SWFObject Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=353820485 Contributors: Bitbit, Davidhorman, Jtw90210, Just64helpin, Mabdul, Millermedeiros, Nono64, Notedgrant,
Tedickey, Tomjenkins52, Wevah, Woohookitty, 8 anonymous edits
SWFTools Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=329427078 Contributors: Albmont, AxelBoldt, Devon Fyson, Gronky, Isilanes, Khalid hassani, Kl4m-AWB, Laurusnobilis,
Raffaele Megabyte, Silencer01, Waldir, Walter Görlitz, Woohookitty, Zingus, 4 anonymous edits
SWX Format Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=289433673 Contributors: PamD, Rich Farmbrough, Tomjenkins52
Scalable Inman Flash Replacement Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=346670983 Contributors: Andrew c, AxelBoldt, Barf73, Calorus, Cubathy, Ephraim33, Ghettoblaster,
Halsteadk, IanManka, Jacek FH, Jaygirig, Jeffrey-nichols, JonathanFreed, Lyso, Mabdul, Manywindows, Molodzianowski132, Obeattie, Paddyez, Reisio, Rschmertz, Seattlenow,
SimonDeDanser, Smith120bh, Tkgd2007, Twinkling, UnitedStatesian, Yamamoto Ichiro, Zinjixmaggir, Zquack, Zzgavin, 40 anonymous edits
Screensaver Creator Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=281942649 Contributors: Cander0000, Endlessdan, Katharineamy, Kozuch, Pixy84, Rockfang
SWF Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=359319747 Contributors: 16@r, 81120906713, ABF, AFBorchert, AVRS, Ahoerstemeier, Alex Nadtoka, Aparicio99, Astor14,
Awildman, Bakken, Bomarrow1, Boud, Brianhe, Bsadowski1, Camw, Captain-tucker, Celestianpower, Cenarium, [email protected], Charles Matthews, CyberSkull, Danielfarrow, Dark
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Eternal Pink, Everyking, Flantus, Fotoshop, Fox, Francs2000, Frap, Ft1, Fudoreaper, Furrykef, GREAT0897, Gerbrant, Ghettoblaster, Graft, Graham87, Gwernol, Haakon, Hede2000,
Hervegirod, Hippy deluxe, Hoary, Imroy, Informedbanker, J. M., J.delanoy, Jclemens, Jcw69, Jeffrey O. Gustafson, Jeffthejiff, Jmgonzalez, John.anna43, Jonverve, Joshua Lutz, Josseke123,
Joyous!, Judith6yu, Kedi the tramp, KevanP, KnightRider, Ktdreyer, LMB, Leuqarte, LinguistAtLarge, LuoShengli, Mac, Maikel, MarkKB, Mattl, Maximus Rex, Meisam, Merope, Mikco, Mike
Rosoft, Minghong, Mortense, Movado73, MrOllie, Mun206, Mvandrie, Mydoghasworms, NE2, Nakon, NawlinWiki, Nifky?, Nigosh, Nopetro, Nsaa, NuShrike, On1ine, Ossguy, PGWG, Palfrey,
Paradocks28, PaulBreadly, Pengo, Penubag, Perspectoff, Piano non troppo, Pieguy48, Pjrm, Prod, Psy guy, Qubed, Radon210, Rdsmith4, ReCover, Remember the dot, Remurmur, Rmanke,
RobertG, Ronark, Rpenner, Rursus, Sakurambo, SavageWolf, Scratchaholiks, Seattlenow, Shape84, ShelleyAdams, Silencer01, Smyth, Splang, Stephenb, Stevertigo, Superm401, Surfingslovak,
Syp, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, Techdoode, The Kinslayer, TheOneMoleInBurnham, TigerDE2, Tim1988, Tkgd2007, Tomjenkins52, Toussaint, Tpg 2007, Tree Biting Conspiracy,
Tregoweth, Utility Monster, Visor, WadeSimMiser, Weaselboy246, WestYork, White 720, Zeh, Ziggiz, ZillurRehman, 290 anonymous edits
Swfdec Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=352350841 Contributors: Around Eve, Bruce89, Bryan Derksen, Claviola, Dar-Ape, Frap, Ghepeu, Gronky, Guyjohnston, Intgr, Inzy,
Isilanes, J.delanoy, Jake Wartenberg, Jeffthejiff, Joy, KDesk, Kl4m-AWB, Krupaj, M412k, Mike92591, MikeRS, Newman.x, Nopetro, Oicumayberight, Omerta-ve, Psz, Raffaele Megabyte, Rich
Farmbrough, Samuel Grant, Takunama, Tanguy Ortolo, Thumperward, Trevor MacInnis, Whollabilla, Widefox, WikiLeon, 50 anonymous edits
swfmill Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=247404244 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Bobblehead, Isilanes, Kl4m-AWB, LilHelpa, Rob Burbidge, Saoshyant, 4 anonymous edits
Toufee Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=282739998 Contributors: Brox, Gary King, Gioto, John, Pxma, Remember the dot, RobertG, Scatter98, Superasn, Toussaint, Waldir,
5 anonymous edits
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Image:Adobe Flash Player icon.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe_Flash_Player_icon.png License: unknown Contributors: Tkgd2007, 1 anonymous edits
Image:Adobe Flash CS5 Icon.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe_Flash_CS5_Icon.png License: unknown Contributors: Adobe Systems
Image:Adobe_Flash_CS5.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe_Flash_CS5.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Dikuno
File:Noflash.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Noflash.png License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Audriusa
File:ActionScript icon.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ActionScript_icon.png License: unknown Contributors: CyberSkull, Hippy deluxe, Tkgd2007, 1 anonymous
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File:ACTIONSCRIPT20.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ACTIONSCRIPT20.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Jasper1066
Image:FMLE small logo.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FMLE_small_logo.png License: unknown Contributors: Kelly A. Miller
Image:Adobe_Flash_Media_Live_Encoder_Figure_1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe_Flash_Media_Live_Encoder_Figure_1.jpg License: unknown
Contributors: User:Kelly A. Miller
Image:Adobe Shockwave Player logo.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe_Shockwave_Player_logo.png License: unknown Contributors: Hippy deluxe,
Tkgd2007, Tuanese, 5 anonymous edits
Image:Flashgallery.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flashgallery.png License: unknown Contributors: Andrey Markin, Salavat
Image:Flashmp3player.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flashmp3player.png License: unknown Contributors: Andrey Markin
File:Adobe Flash Player icon.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe_Flash_Player_icon.png License: unknown Contributors: Tkgd2007, 1 anonymous edits
Image:FlashVideo.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FlashVideo.png License: unknown Contributors: Basilicofresco, Fridelain, Hippy deluxe, John Biancato,
Kahlil88, Keyser Söze, Leevclarke, Mattderojas, Qst, Sdrtirs, Tkgd2007, Ysangkok, 1 anonymous edits
Image:Flash Screenshot.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flash_Screenshot.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Adam B,
Basilicofresco, 2 anonymous edits
File:Gnash-logo.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gnash-logo.png License: unknown Contributors: Firsfron, Gronky, Kahlil88, Remember the dot, SteveSims, Tene
File:Gnash-0.8.0.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gnash-0.8.0.png License: GNU General Public License Contributors: User:Kocio
Image:Jstart.gif Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jstart.gif License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Pixy84
File:Swffit logo.gif Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Swffit_logo.gif License: unknown Contributors: Millermedeiros
File:Swfobject logo.gif Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Swfobject_logo.gif License: unknown Contributors: Tomjenkins52
Image:Creator.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Creator.png License: unknown Contributors: Screensaver Creator
Image:Adobe-swf icon.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adobe-swf_icon.png License: unknown Contributors: CountingPine, Drmistermaster, Hippy deluxe, 3
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Image:Toufeelogo.gif Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Toufeelogo.gif License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Toufee.com
Image:Toufee v0.9.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Toufee_v0.9.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Superasn
Image:Toufee v1.02.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Toufee_v1.02.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Superasn
Image:Toufee v2.0.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Toufee_v2.0.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Superasn
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License
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/
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Essentials of Adobe Flash

Transcription

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