GO-SHIP Australian National Plans

GO-SHIP: Sustained hydrographic
sections
Bernadette Sloyan,
Co-Chair GO-SHIP
CSIRO Atmospheric and Marine Research
[email protected]
Strategic Statement
Acknowledging the lack of coordination, the initiative to establish the
Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GOSHIP) was supported by the 3rd session (November 2009) of the IOCWMO Joint Technical Commission on Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology (JCOMM)
www.go-ship.org
Ship Based Hydrography
www.go-ship.org
GO-SHIP Programme Objectives
The repeat hydrography program is firmly linked to national, regional
and global research programs. GO-SHIP provides coordination to
give:
• a sustained international coordination body and scientific steering
committee for integrated/interdisciplinary repeat hydrography that is
independent of any specific time-limited research program (for
example, following the model of Argo or OceanSITES)
• a single, international information and communications forum to
facilitate field program planning, agreements on standards and
methods, and data sharing/synthesis activities, and
• coordinated international data management and data synthesis
activities.
www.go-ship.org
Reference Sections
Defined Reference Section for Sustained Hydrography and core
observations. Sections without future date currently fall outside of the
national research funding cycles.
www.go-ship.org
Strategy for Sustained Global Program
SHIP-BASED REPEAT HYDROGRAPHY: A STRATEGY FOR A
SUSTAINED GLOBAL PROGRAM
M. Hood (1), M. Fukasawa (2), N. Gruber (3), G.C. Johnson (4), A.
Körtzinger (5), C. Sabine (6), B. Sloyan (7), K. Stansfield (8), T.
Tanhua (9)
Ship-based hydrography is the only method for obtaining high-quality
measurements with high spatial and vertical resolution of a suite of physical,
chemical, and biological parameters over the full ocean water column, and in
areas of the ocean inaccessible to other platforms. Global hydrographic surveys
have been carried out approximately every decade since the 1970s through
research programs such as GEOSECS, TTO/SAVE, WOCE / JGOFS, and
CLIVAR. It is time to consider how future surveys can build on these foundations
to create a coordinated network of sustained ship-based hydrographic sections
that will become an integral component of the ocean observing system.
Complete document available at http://www.go-ship.org/Docs/cwp2A09.pdf
www.go-ship.org
Core Variables
• temperature, salinity, and pressure
• oxygen, phosphate, silicate, and separate measurements of
NO2 and NO3 if possible; otherwise, NO2 + NO3 (with clear
reporting of what was measured)
• at least 2 carbon parameters (e.g., DIC, Alkalinity, pCO2, pH),
where DIC and Alkalinity are the preferred pair, but
spectrophotometric pH is a useful 3rd parameter because of
high measurement precision and growing interest in ocean
acidification.
• carbon isotopes (13C, 14C), chlorofluorocarbon tracers (CFC11 and/or 12) and SF6; tritium and helium-3 should also be
measured on key sections, including meridional sections P10,
P16, P18, I06S, I08, I10, A16, A22, A20, and zonal sections
I05, P06, P04, and A24).
• shipboard and lowered ADCP
www.go-ship.org
Ancillary Observations
• Fluorometer to measure chlorophyll fluorescence
• Transmissometers and/or light-scattering sensors and
nephelometers to measure particle beam attenuation coefficient
• PAR sensor (where possible)
• Chlorophyll-a (Turner Fluorometer)
• HPLC pigments
• Phytoplankton absorption
• CDOM (desirable measurement)
• Flow cytometry
Ancillary observations should be made whenever possible. The
repeat hydrographic ships should make surface meteorological
observations
www.go-ship.org
Research Highlights
• documentation of substantial changes in the oceanic inorganic
carbon content, driven by both the uptake of anthropogenic
CO2 and natural variability
• evidence of large-scale changes in oceanic oxygen
concentrations
• near global-scale warming of abyssal waters of Antarctic origin,
and freshening of these waters in deep basins adjacent to
Antarctica
• freshening of the Atlantic waters
• equatorward penetration of CFCs from high-latitude sources
filling the deep and abyssal basins on time scales of decades,
allowing estimates of water mass formation rates, and
• evidence of reduction in downstream primary productivity
brought on by strong convection and mode water formation.
www.go-ship.org
Decadal Change in Southwest Pacific Basin
www.go-ship.org
Decadal Change in Southwest Pacific Basin
www.go-ship.org
Data Release Requirements
Carbon Data to CDIAC. Close
collaboration with CCHDO and
CDIAC has been established.
LADCP and S-ADCP data to
appropriate data centers.
At present, the GO-SHIP panel recommends the following data-release
guidelines:
• Preliminary dataset released within 6 weeks (e.g., all data measured on the ship)
• 6 months for final physical data
• 1 year for final data of all other variables (except for isotopes or tracers with
shoreside analysiswhere 1 year is difficult).
Near realtime data release of underway measurements may also be possible
through closer coordination with the Global Ocean Surface Underway Data
Project(GOSUD) and the Shipboard Automated Meteorological and
Oceanographic
System (SAMOS).
www.go-ship.org
GO-SHIP Data Manual
http://www.go-ship.org/HydroMan.html
www.go-ship.org
GO-SHIP Manual for data collection
• A high priority for the new GO-SHIP program was to revise the
1994 WOCE Hydrographic Programme manual. The GO-SHIP
Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports
and Guidelines provides detailed instructions for the high
quality collection and analysis techniques of numerous ocean
parameters.
• The goal of this effort is to promote standardized methods for a
core set of parameters measured on the GO-SHIP
hydrographic reference sections, although the hope is that the
techniques described in this manual will be adopted by others
wishing to make high quality measurements. The JCOMM has
highlighted the importance of the GO-SHIP revision of the 1994
WOCE hydrographic Programme Manual.
• This was completed due to the efforts of expert authors and
reviewers.
www.go-ship.org
GO-SHIP Development Plans 2010-2015
2010-2012
•Establish Program Office and Scientific Steering Committee. Reach agreements on
benchmarks and timeframe for development.
Position Description: GO-SHIP Coordination Officer
The GO-SHIP Coordination Officer will be responsible for:
1. Facilitating international coordination of and planning for GO-SHIP hydrographic
sections.
2. Integrating GO-SHIP with other components Sustained Ocean Observation
System: participate in and help facilitate GO-SHIP SSG efforts to develop additional
planning and coordination documents; interact as necessary to provide information
on GO-SHIP activities with other components of the Sustained Ocean Observation
System (i.e. GOOS, OOPC, IOCCP, Argo, SOOS, OceanSites); work with GO-SHIP
SSG to facilitate communication and documentation of project activities.
GO-SHIP steering committee has developed a position description for the role of the
Coordination Officer.
www.go-ship.org
Funding for Program officer
Albert Fischer (IOC) has funds to employ a person 3/4 time for GOOS coordination
and asked whether GO-SHIP would be interested supporting a further 1/4 of this
person’s time to be used in support of GOSHIP. Thus a full time position, contracted
annually depending on available funds would be located at the IOC in Paris,
providing close collaboration with GOOS, OOPC and IOCCP. Funds of $50,000
USD ($35,000 – salary and $15,000 –travel, meeting planning, communication) are
required to fund the ¼ of a full time position.
THIS PROPOSED LOCATION MAY NEED TO BE REVISED DUE TO
CHANGES AT IOC. HOWEVER THE POSITION COULD BE EASILY
LOCATED AT ANOTHER INSTITUTE (i.e. CCHDO at SCRIPPS).
www.go-ship.org
SUMMARY
Long term monitoring of ocean in our region is part of a international effort.
We need to make important contributions to the observing network
•Maintaining sections in our region – Southern Ocean, Indian and Pacific
Oceans. I
•Support for Project Officer. Funds of approximately $50,000 USD ($35,000 –
salary and $15,000 –travel, meeting planning, communication) are required to
fund the 1/4 of a full time position.
www.go-ship.org
Australian – New Zealand collaboration under the GEOTRACES auspice
Hassler C1, Lannuzel D2, Bowie A3, Boyd, P4,5, Chase, Z2, Ellwood, M6, Law, C7, Sander, S4, Strzepek, R6, van der Merwe, P3
1
UTS.
2 IMAS
3 ACE CRC, UTAS
4 University of Otago
5 NIWA, Centre of Chemical & Physical Oceanography
6 ANU
7 NIWA, Ocean-Atmosphere and Ocean Ecosystems Programmes
Trace metals, why bother?
Trace metals (Fe, Zn, Co) are limiting the growth of phytoplankton in up to 50 % of the ocean and have a important impact on the functioning of the ocean with effect on the global carbon cycle and climate.
Tracers for actual sources and to reconstruct past oceanic conditions (PALANZ).
They are thus important for understanding the functioning of our ocean and predicting its response to climate change.
(TEI)
Mixing
Nutrients
N P Si
Fe
Gas exchange
Phytoplankton
CO2
DMS
Volatiles
Sedimentation/ export
Precious information is obtained from the measure of multiple trace metals and isotopes
A real need for more work on trace metals and isotopes (TEI)
GEOTRACES : 2009 – 2019 +
SECTIONS part of GEOTRACES to date
Maximal data visibility with the GDAC international database
www.geotraces.org
also
www.uea.ac.uk/env/solas
www.imber.info
The challenge associated with trace metals sampling
Specialised equipment,
Procedures and personnel required.
8 persons are required to collect
water and particulate samples round the clock
More to do shipboard analysis and collect
ancillary parameters and study processes
Photos from Alicia Navidad and Roslyn Watson
Connecting TEI with biology and carbon cycle
2 Approaches ‐BioGEOTRACES (informally included in AU‐NZ collaborative research). Aims to complement GEOTRACES core parameters with key biological variable such as phytoplankton biomass, biodiversity and physiology, POC and PON. Usually requires 4 berths.
‐GEOTRACES Process studies.
Aims to measure key processes at play to measure the parameters driving the dynamic of our ocean to help predicting its response to future changes. Usually requires 20 + berths.
For example:
‐ Measure of rates such as input, recycling, biological uptake, remineralisation, scavenging and export to quantify flux of TEI and carbon.
‐ Measure biological response to perturbation scenarios
Collaborative work between AU and NZ has already began
Joint NZ‐Australian voyages 2006‐2011
COST, Ncycle
GEOTRACES GP13
PINTS
FeCycle II
STF
SAZ SENSE
TAN0609
SAF
PF
Other National GEOTRACES efforts with the SR3 line and the sea‐ice SIPEX voyages
Looking towards the future – 2 EOIs to the RV Investigator
Joint NZ‐Australian voyages 2014‐2015
“A collaborative international study of the marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes along a zonal section in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean west of Australia”
“Control of the biological carbon cycle in East Australian waters: from subcellular processes to biodiversity and ecosystem function”
GEOTRACES SECTION
PROCESS STUDY
Indian sector of the Southern Ocean with completed, planned and proposed (GI05) GEOTRACES sections. This project will occupy the eastern end of the GI05 zonal transect, with a collaborative French project occupying the western end
Transect and five process stations to characterise processes in different water masses (Coral Sea, North Tasman Sea, South Tasman Sea or Sub‐Antarctic Zone, Polar Frontal Zone)
Towards maximizing scientific output
Dual ship operation
‐ Allow long transect (e.g. P06 for GP13)
‐ Allow 1 vessel focussing on transect and 1 vessel focussing on Process stations
Combining scientific goal
‐Allow combining GO‐SHIP with GEOTRACES transect