Cantri l~)U tions of the Grac~UB te School Indiana State Teachers

THE EDUC' TIONAL
IN
Vi~LU3
l~NOX
OE 4-E CTUB WORK
COUNTY
Can tri l~)U ti ons of the
Grac~ UB
te School
Indiana State Teachers ColleGe
Z50
SubIai tted in Partial Fulfilluent
of the Requirements for the
Master of Science Degree
in
~ducation
by
T. E. Radmacher
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The writer hereby acknowledges his indebtedness to the
members of his thesis cOl~Jli1ittee:
Prof. E. Fo. Ramsey, Eead
of the Department off£ducation, Indiena State1:'eachers College,
for valuable ciriticisL1s and help in the organization of the
work; Dr. J. H. Shannon for ti.aely criticisl:lS; and Dr.
Olis. G. Jami son, for suggestions
G.
nd a;::sis tance •
The writer v/ishes to thank H. S •. Jenson, County i,.gricultural Agent, of' Knox Coun ty, Indiana, and Lowell G. ~.'aylor,
Assistant Agricultural Ag'nt, of this sa.::Je county, f'ortheir
in tere stand a id in placing the servi ce s of their
0
ti'ice sat
his disposal.
'1'0 all persons who ansvvered the questionnaire and to those
vocational teachers who assis ted in distributing and collecting the questionnaires, the writer is indeed grateful.
T. F. Radmacher
TABLE OF CONTENTS
.. . .....
.......... ............... VI
INTRODUCTION. .. .. . . ... ... . . ....... . .. .. . . . .. ... . .
1
A. How the Author Became In tere sted •.•• ·
1
.
B. Federal Aid to Vocational Education. ·
. 1
C. History of Local Club Work ••••••••.. ·
. 4
D. Related Studies ••..••• .. . .... ......... ... ..... ..
8
E. Purpose of the Study. ...... . ... .. ... . .. .... .....
8
F. Problem Stated •. .
. 8
1. Limitations.
.
. 8
2.
of Treatment. .
. 8
3. Material Used. .
. 9
EVALUATION OF THE DATA. . .. .... . .. ..... .. .. . ... . .. 10
A. Presentation of Data. .
. 10
1. Personal Information. .
. 10
a. Present and Ex-Club Members. .
. 10
LIST OF TABLES
I.
~\~ethod
II.
.
(I ) .
Age Distribution •...•..••.•••
10
(II). Number Studied ••••.••••.•••.•
11
b.
Club-Work Experience •.•.•......•....•..•
11
c.
'Age of Enrollrnent •...•.•...••••.••.•••••
12
d.
Projects Taken
.
13
e.
Why Members Dropped Club Work.
• •••••
16
Response to Vocational Courses ••••••.•••
17
......
18
g.
Summary •••.••••••..•••••• ~ ...•••••
III
,I.',
2.
Vocational Education .•.••.•..•••••..••..••..•
a.
Occupations of Parents While Members Took
Club Work
".......................
Occupations of Male Ex-Club Members .....
~
22
c.
Occupations of Female Ex-Club J.1embers....
24
d.
Tenure of Present Occupations •.•..•..••••
25
e.
Value of Club Work in Choice of Present
Occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . ..
26
f.
When Choices of Occupa tions V'fere Made....
27
g.
Was the Time Spent in Club Work Profitable?29
h.
Reasons Why People Chose Their Present
Occupations..............................
30
i.
Benefits Derived from Club Work .•••.•.•..
31
j.
Chosen Occupa tions of Males Vlhen lIigh-
k.
,
20
b.
School Work is Completed .........•..••.••
3;
20
32
Chosen Occupations of Females When HighSchool Work is Completed
33
1.
Why Members Remained in Club Work ..•..•..
35
.m.
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Suggestions for Improvement ••..........•.....
39
a.
Were Records Kept Accurate and Up-To-Date? 39
b.
Do You Favor Keeping Club Records?
c.
Have Your Club-Work Activities Developed
in Your Leadership Ability? ....•.••.•.••
!,':
d.
39
-40
How Shown That Leadership Ability Has
Been Developed ••.....•••••••.••••••••••••
IV
41
e.
Helpful Suggestions Given by Males and
....................................
f. Summary. .....'. . .. .. ... .. ... ... . ...... . .... .
B. Conclusion. ...... .... .. . .. ..... . .... . .. . ......
APPEXDIX •••••••• ·
.
A. Q,uestionaire. ·... ... .... . .... . ... . . . . .. .... .. ...
B. Bibliography. ·
.
Females.
~
III.
43
47
49
53
53
56
.LIST OF TABLES
,.
Table
I.
Comparative 4-H Club Enrollment and FinishUp in
YillOX
County for the Past Thirteen years •••••
7
II.
Distribution of Club Members in This Study •.••.•.• 10
III.
Number of Years in Club Work •••••••...•.•...•.•••• 12
IV.
Age of Enrollment
13
V.
Projects Taken by Males and Females .•.•••..••.•••. 14
VI.
Reasons for Discontinuing Club Work ••.•••••••••••• 16
VII.
Vocational Courses Taken •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17
VIII.
Occupations of Parents .•.•••••••.•••.....•...•..•• 20
IX.
X.
XI.
occupati ons of l.:ale Members.......................
23
Occupations of Female l<l1embers .•.•••••••••••••••••• 25
Permanency of Present
uecupations ....•••••••..••• 26
XII.
Value of Club Work in Choice of Occupations •.•.••• 27
XIII.
Ages at Which eccupations Were Chosen .••..••••••.• 28
XIV.
Profitableness of Club Work to Members ..•.••.•.•.• 29
:x:v•
Effect of Influences on Choices of Present
Occupati ons. ~
XVI.
XVII.
31
Values Received from Club Nork .•••.•.•.•••.••..••• 32
Chosen Occupations of Male Members vfuen Through
School. . • • • . . • • • • • • . . • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 33 .
XVIII.
Chosen Occupa ti ons of Female J..Tembers VVhen Through
Schoo 1 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
XIX.
Influences Which Kept Members in Club Work ••••••• 35
XX.
Accuracy of Club Records.......................... 39
VI .
- XXI.
Keeping of Club Record~~ •.•••••.•..•••••.••••..•
40
XXII.
Development of Leadership Ability .....•.......•.
41
XXIII.
Evidences of Leadership Ability .••.•.......••. ~.
42
XXIV.
Creiticisms and Suggestions by Male T:lembers •••••
44
XXV.
Criticisms and Suggestions by }~male Members ••••
45
VII
I.
A.
INTRODUCTION
How the Author Became Interested
For the last seven years the writer has been teaching in
the public schools of Knox County, where a very extensive 4-H
Club program has been in progress.
participating in
di~ferent
Having a son who has been
phases of the Club activities, and
seeing his interest and enthusiasm in the work as well as that
of other boys and girls of our community, the writer became
interested.
It would seem that a program so carefully planned
and laboriously carried out by the leaders should benefit the
participants in an educational as well as in a recreational
way.
So this study was made in order to ascertain just what
educational values are derived.
B.
Federal Aid to Vocational Education
Interest in agricultural education became very pronounced
in the first few years of the twentieth century.
Agricultural
education of all kinds was discussed and advocated by various
farmers' organizations such as the Patrons of Husbandry.
La~er,
agricultural education was given greater impetus by
the United States Department of Agriculture.
' " . Probably the most interesting movement in this type of
, ~ t . '.~'.
_._. ~
J_ .'.
educe. tion was the formation of boVf.~::an~~\g1r/i9' ,'~g:ri',o'tl!tural
'.
,
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r
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••••
2
'clubs
and the promotion of contests.
,
In the year 1898 New York
,
seems to have begun this movement on a very broad basis.
Agri-
cultural clubs were formed, partly through the activities of a
"
number of county superintendents of schools and farmers' institutes in the early years of the twentieth century.
Numerous
other states took up the idea and formed similar clubs.
This
work was promoted by the Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration
Work and by the General Education Board.
In northern and
western states club work was given financial assistance by the
Department of Agriculture.
The Smith-Lever Act, passed in May, 1914, provides Federal
appropriations to aid the state in promoting extension work in
agriculture and home economics.
Both adults and children of
school age are to receive this work.
This agricultural exten-
sion work is to be carried on in cooperation with the United
States Department of Agriculture.
The diVisions of cooperative extension work are those
conducted by county home demonstration agents, dealing with
problems of the farro' home; by county club agents' work, dealing with boys and girls; by county agricultural agents, dealing with farm problems; and by extension specialists in various phases of agriculture and home economics , specialists
who are located at the state agricultural colleges.
';.;
The Smith-Hughes Act, or,as it is often called, the Federal
Vocational Act, was passed in February, 1917.
This act marked
3
the' beginning of an entirely new policy on the part of the
Federal government toward education.
It began subsidizing
industrial and agricultural work with the passage of the
Morrill Act, 1862.
During the years preceding 1917 all moneys
had been devoted to work conducted in or through colleges of
agriculture or mechanic arts, but with the passage of the
Smith-Hughes Act the Federal stimulus passed from the colleges
to the public schools.
This act provides moneys, not merely
for promoting industrial training and studies in pUblic schools,
but for providing professional training for teachers of these
sUbjects.
There are two main standards which the states must meet
in order to'receive Srlith-Hughes appropriations, namely:
(1)
The states must furnish as much money as the Federal
grant; (2)
The states are reimbursed from Smith-Hughes moneys
for those which have been previously spent by the states.
By means of these standards, especi'ally the latter, the Federal
government has been able to a considerable extent to determine
methods, policies, equipment, and teaching qualifications in
the field of vocational education in secondary schools.
The Smith-Hughes Act provided that for the year 1917-1918
a total of 1,860,000 dollars be appropraated.
This amount was
to be 'increased 'annually until the year 1925-1926 when the
grant shotildreachthe sum of 7,367,000 dollars, which amount
then became "a continual annual appropriation.
4
,The Smith-Sears Act, passed June 28, 1918, provided funds
for v.ocational rehabilitation of .disabled soldiers and sailors.
The Smith-Bankhead Act, passed June 2, 1920, provided moneys
for vocational rehabilitation of civilians disabled in industry
or otherwise.
The George-Reed Act of 1929 authorized an
a~propraition
of 500,000 dollars for the year beginning in July 1929, and
for each year thereafter for four years an appropriation
increased by 500,000 dollars over the preceding year.
Fifty
perccent of the appropriations were for education in vocational agriculture, which appropriations were to be allotted
to the states and territories on the basis of farm population.
The remaining appropriations were for education in home
economics to be allotted to the states and territories on the
basis of their rural population.
This act set up the same re-
quirements of the states as those of the Smith-Hughes act for
similar purposes except that the standards for education in
home economics were more liberal under the George-Reed Act.
Since no clearly defined standards to be applied to home
economics education were set up in this act, a flexible program
was thus permitted.
C.
Local History of Club Work
In the year 1917 L. M. Butler was chosen as agricultural
agent of Knox County.
wor~
For the year 1917-1918 very little club
was Qarried out--the Palmyra township Pig-Feeding Club
5
and the
Firs~
National Bank Calf Club being the only clubs.
Tweive boys and girls enrolled in the Pig-Feeding Club.
Each
member secured his own pig and ftOld according to his own ideas
after being advised by his supervisor W. W.
l~gill.l
W. J. Piggott was employed as County Agent in 1919.
Through the co-operation of the Vincennes Chamber of Commerce,
it was possible this year (1919) to organize club work on a
practical, basis for the first time.
The Chamber of Commerce
furnished the funds necessary to employ Willis P. Stall,
Assistant County Agent, and nine community club leaders.
This cost was partially met by the townships of the county,
but by far the larger part was furnished by the Chamber of
Comnerce.
This organization included several farmers who
paid a membership fee of one hundred dollars each.
As this
was the f'i rst a ttempt in organizing the county as a whole 1'0 r
club work, it was limited to the formation and sponsoring of
two clubs, namely, Pig-Feeding and Corn.
There were 142 mem-
bers enrolled in the pig club, of which number seventy-two
cqmpleted their project.
The corn club, organized itith a
membership of eighty-nine, had seventy-four members completing
the project.
Because of a demand, a Girls' Canning Club was organized
in Vincennes Township.
The organization of this was done under
the supervi sion of' the regular leader wi th assis tance from the
,1Annuai Report of Knox County Agricultural Agent, 1917-1918.
(Unpubli shed')
6
,
I
Hom~ ~conomics Department of Purdue University.
This club
was ~ep~esented by seven girls, who canned 429 Quarts of
fruits and. vegetables. 2
There was no club work during the year 1020-1921.
How-
ever, tb,e winners of the previous year, seventeen in number,
in the corn and pig clubs of the townships and the four canning
club girls made the trip to Purdue to the Club Round-Up.3
No club work was done during the year 1922.
H. S. Benson,
who is at present the County Agricultural Agent, was selected
in 1923.
,
From a study of Table I we find that, on the whole the
trend in club work has been on the increase from year to year
for both boys and girls in the number enrolled and the number
finished.
The fact that in 1923 there was only a fifty-per
cent finish while in 1935 there was a ninety-six-per cent
finish
sh6w~
that boys and girls are not only undertaking
projects, but, under able supervision they are completing them.
Since February, 1929, Lowell G. 'l'aylor has been employed
I
•
as
,
l
Cotin-:tyC~ub
Agent.
During these few ye ers the club program
:)1as beeh expanded to include. judging and demonstration teams
;,
t
1
!:-
I
for bdtl? boys; and girls, dress revue, and the health contest.
~,
"
~rbwth:':shows that the pr ogramis being adapted to meet
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,
~.
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,
i
,
I
i
i
2~ual:'.R~p.ort~'Qf:Knox
l>P. 2~-~2 .2,(Y*pub~isAedJ::
,31nkual"Rt~~r~-'of Kn~i ~~unty
p. 32.
(Unpublished)
.
County Agri,cultural Agent, 1919-1920,
Agricultural Agent, 1920-1921,
.....~.~',......:f.
•
# ._
*?r:~::L~~"--:' ~- ,_.
C01~ARATlVE
4-H CLUn ENROLLMENT AND Fn~ISH-up IN KNOX COUNTY FOR
THE PAST THIRTEEN YEARS
*
...
Year
No.
No.
Enrolled Finished
Boys' Co. Girls'Co Boys' 00. Girls' Co.Dress
Per cent JUdging
Judging Dem; Team Dem. Team Revue
Team
Finished
Team
1923
10
5
50
1924
159
99
62
1925
632
452
71
1926
699
553
79
1927
453
372
82
1928
563
390
69
1929
694
610
87
6
1930
722
658
91
11
1931
752
699
92
11
1932
751
691
92
1933
824
774
1934
815
1935
965
*
Health
Can test
6
1
18
5
7
13
15
13
18
6
6
41
16
95
10
28
4
5
79
17
764
94
26
26
8
6
87
20
921
96
40
65
2
28
- 139
17
Annual Report of l(nox County Agricultural Agent, 1935.
(Unpublished) •
-'l
8
jl~\::.t.~,!·_,
....
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the needs of the boys and giJ;'ls, of Knox County and to help
\
..
,~
prepa~e
them for complete living.
It night be added, too, tha t
there is an organization, being perfected at the
presen~
time,
which includes all 4-H Club members who have had 1'i ve years
or more of club work and. who have reached their sixteenth
birthday.
This organization shoUld, in the future, serve as
a tie to hold the older 4-H Club members together, so that
they may exchange ideas as well as enjoy thems?lves in a social
way.
D.
Related Studies
.The writer's search for studies on 4-H Club work has been
fruit~ess.
rather
As far as the writer could find, no research
work has been done in this field on a similar topic in this
state.
One study in this field to which the writer had access
was made by Florence Hamer Stubbs, George Peabody College for
Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee.
E.'
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine how 4-H Club
acti vi ties have benefited the par ticipan ts in an educa ti onal
way and to make suggestions, if possible, for their improvement.
F.':r :\"
Problem Stated
problem is to make, a study of present and ex-4-H Club
9
members to det$rmine to what extent club 7mr]:;: has helned them
in an" educational way.
1.
Limina tions.
This study "is lil:li ted to present and
ex-Club mel-:J.bers, who have taken club
W'::)J~k
who are now' twelve years of 8ge or older.
in Knox I]ounty\ and.
TY~e
club-work
experience ranges from one to several years.
2.
Llethod of' Treatment.
The names of the older club
memi)ers were obtained by examining the county club lists of
forme.r years.
Also, names and addresses of former club
members weTe obtained from fOl:'.Gler voca tional teachers is the
county.
An atteLrot was made to get a questionnaire to both
members and ex-club members who were out of school.
3.
ldaterial Used.
The :;l8.terial for this study has been
obtained by the questionnaire method.
80me of the vocational
teachers aided by having those members in school fill in the
ques tionnai re.
Because of lack of ti me on the par t of the wri tel'
and lack of' responses to the questionnaire it was necess[;ry to
personally interview fifty ex-club members a practice which
was, very beneficial to this study.
,
"
II.
A.
1.
EVALUATIOl\r OF THE DATA
Presentation of Data
Personal Infonnation.
a.
Presen t and Ex-Club I\'Iembers.
(I).
Age Dis tri bJ. tion.
Club work has been
carried on yearly in Knox County since 1923.
As will be noted
from the ages of individuals in this study, the older members
took club work several years ago, since just in recent years
the age limit has been set at twenty.
Table II shows that the ages of present and ex-club members in this study range from twelve to twenty-nine years.
Also, the greatest nu..llber of older members is found among the
boys because there happened to be more boys among those interviewed.
TAbLE II
DISTRIBUTION OF CLUB MEMBB::RS IN THIS STUDY
11
TABLE II.
(Continue d)
16·
16
36
52
17
13
23
36
18
12
9
21
19
3
7
10
20
10
8
18
21
13
11
24
22
8
G
14
23
10
3
13
24
4
2
6
25
4
3
7
26·
6
2
8
27
1.
1
2
28
2
1
3
29
0
1
1
Total
133
275
408
Median
18.8
15.8
16.7
(II).
Number Studied.
This study includes one
hundred thirty-three males and two hundred seventy-rive females,
making a total of four hundred ei gh t memb ers.
i
'Ii
for the male members is eighteen and
The median age
eie~t-tenths
years wIllle
f
the median for' the female members isl'ifteen and eight-tenths
years.
12
,
b.
Club-Work Exper ienc e ..
.E.'roL'l an examination of Table III we find that the club
experience of' them8.1e members ranges from one to ten years.
,
However, fifty-two of the one hundred ,and thirty-three members, or thirty-nine and one-tenth per cent, have had five
years or more of club experience.
The club experience of the female members r~mges from
one to eleven years.
There are seven ty-two of the two-hundred
and seventy-fi ve, or twenty-six and two-tenths per cent, who
This makes a to tal
have had fi ve or more years of club work.
of one hundred and twenty-four members who have had five years
or more of club experience.
The median years of cluJ experience
of the four hundred and eight members studied is three and seventenths.
TACI:2 III
i
f
10 11 Total Median
6
2
2
0
133
4.2
20
1
4
I
4
275
3.4
32
7
6
3
4
408
3.7
4
5
15
22
28
16
14
12
Female s 59
51
56
37
30
12
Total
75
66
78
65
46
26
c.
Age of· 'Enrollmen t.
1
2
Males
16
.'
!
6
9
3
Years
2 .' 8
:.
;!
'*,"
"The age at the time of enrollment varies from nine to
nineteen . years.
The ages at mich group activity seems to be
13
strongest are ten, eleven, aI1d twelve years for both males
and females, as is ShOIID by Table
~V.
The median age for the
females is eleven and three-tenths years.
It is interes,ting
to note that thirty-five and three-tenths ner cent of both
males and females enroll at the age of ten, sh,')wing tha t club
l'fork'-l18.kes an apT)eal to the child early in life.
TABL~
AGE OF
IV
~1~ROLLlJBNT
14
d.
Projects Taken.
Table V shows the e xtensi veness of the club pro gr&'11
offered, there being thirty-seven projects in all.
Clothing
,r
and baking have been chosen most often by the females, while
com and poultry rank highest anong the projects taken by the
males •.
There have been three hundred and twen ty-nine projects
taken by the one hundred and thirty-three males and four hundred
and ninety-five projects ha.ye been taken by the two hundred
and seventy-five females.
listed.
Only the name of the project was
Some of these projects were taken for four or five
years in s ucce ssion.
Thi s me,ans tha t in some ue ar s bo th male s
and females carried, a t the sanE tLlle, two or three different
projec ts.
TABLE V
PROJECTS :TAKEN' BY MALES;AND FEMALES
Projects
Males
Per Cent
Females
Clothing
0
0.0
256 _
51.7
256
31.1
Baking
1
0.3
78
15.8
79
9.6
Food Preparatiori
0
'0.0
54
10.9
54
6.6
53
16.1
0
0.0
53
6.4
42
12.8
6
1.2
48
5.8
Per Cent Total Per Cent
.
_ - ....
.........
TABLE
,
,----..
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~~~
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' ' " ' ' ' - '."'._,.,~, .'·-' ... 0 . . . . .• . . . · ...· , · .,,~,
""'-"'1 '
'
"HeaLi ill
.
-:-;;-
)l.
(Continued)
''1,0,.-, •. ,
2
. '0.6
37
7.5
39
4.7
\p'
',
" 'lg'
35
10.7
4
0.8
39
4.7
'GaTt Club
24
7.3
7
1.4
31
3.8
,Leadership
6
1.8
24
4.8
30
3.6
7.3
G
0.0
24
2.9
Hogs
24
Sweet Potatoes
20
6.1
2
0.4
22
2.7
0
0.0
18
3.6
18
2.2
Farm Record Book
16
4.9
0
0.0
16
1.9
Irish Potatoes
15
4.6
0
0.0
15
1.8
Gilt
12
3.6
0
0.0
12
1.5
11
3.3
0
0.0
11
1.3
7
2.1
3
0.6
10
1.2
Gardening
8
2.4
1
0.2
9
1.1
Orchard
8
2.4
0
0.0
8
1.0
Dairy
6
1.8
0
0.0
6
0.7
Sow and Litter
5
1.5
0
0.0
5
0.6
Tomatoes
5
1.5
0
0.0
5
0.6
Room Improvement
0
0.0
5
0.1
5
0.6
Fat Barrow
5
1.5
0
0.0
5
0.6
Watermelon
3
0.9
0
0.0
3
0.4
0
0.0
3
0.4
0
0.0
3
0.4
Canning
'.
--- .... ---_ .............
Baby Chicks
..Oblt, ,
',,<
}-:~f
,.
I. ~.
i
:>: \;:.
. . . . . >,
,Pop Corn
:"
1
,""Live
".-;
Stock .Judging
'.
,.
I'"
',' ;.\:
3
3
w
(,\
.:'1 ;,...,
',
.
0.9
','
.....
~ ,"
0.9
16
TABLE V.
(Continued)
Bee f Ca ttJ..e
3
0.9
0
0.0
3
0.4
Wheat
2
0.6
0
0.0
2
0.2
Sheep
2
0.6
0
0.0
2
0.2
Strawberries
2
0.6
0
0.0
2
C.2
Truck Crop enterprisel
0.3
0
0.0
1
0.1
Pumpkins
1
0.3
0
C.O
1
0.1
Animal Husbandry
1
0.3
0
0.0
1
C.l
Pheasants
1
0.3
0
0.0
1
0.1
:B"lock Records
1
0.3
0
0.0
1
0.1
Lam.bs
1
0.3
0
0.0
1
0.1
Total
329
99.8
495
99.0 824
99.8
e.
Why Members Dropped Club Work.
Fourteen reasons are listed in Table VI for members ceasing club-work activities.
It is significant that of the ninety-
seven members dropning cl ub work only fourteen members, or
fourteen and four-tenths p9r cent, did so because of "lack of
interest. Tl
,
This fact speaks well for the 4-H Club pro{,,~ram that
is being carried on.
I,.
Since J:Cnox County is chiefly concerned with agriculture
the largest per cent, twenty-three and seven-tenths, report.
"lack of time".
Only -ame member quit because of "dislike for
17
leader."
This .shows that those in charge arc well Qualified
,
and capable of handling effie iently the work of which they are
in charge.
Of the ninety-seven discontinuing work,
twenty-seven
were males and seventy were fem.ales.
J.=ales Per Cent Female s Per Cent Total Per Cen t
Reasons
Lack of Time
v
No Way to Go
18.Q
18
25.1
23
23.7
0
0.0
16
22.8
16
16.5
Lost Intere st
4
14.8
10
14.3
14
14.4
No Lea.der
1
3.7
6
8.6
7
7.2-
Lack of }I'unds
3
11.1
2
2.8
5
5.2
Moved
3
11~1
2
2.8
5
5.2
0
0.0
3
4.3
3
3.1
1
3.7
1
1.4
2
2.1
Ground Not Suitable 2
7.4
0
0.0
2
;'3.1
Vocational Subjects 2
7.4
0
0.0
2
2.1
Illness
0
0.0
1
1.4
1
1.0
Voca ti onal Work
Dropped
1
3.7
0
0.0
1
1.0
New Instructor
0
0.0
1
1.4
1
1.. 0
Di sliked Leader
0
0.0
1
1.4
1
'1. 0
No Answer
5
18.5
9
12.8
14
14.4
27
99.9
70
99.1
97
100.0
Friends
~ui t
Discourage d
h
Ciui tTaking .
,
i
"
"
t~'
Total
T
,
18
",
"
,
f.
Response to Vocational Courses.
We would expect those tak'ing club work to be interested,
•
likewi~e, in the vocational courses. Table VIr shows that
sixty-seven and one-tenth per cent of both males and ferna'les
are taking the se course s •
vocational \\ork.
Jus t si xty-nine have not chosen
Since this study includes members twelve
years of' age or above'many of the sixty-two who gave "no answer"
have not ye t chosen their courses for high-school work.
TABLE VII
Courses'
or Reasons
Males
Home Economics
A~ricul
ture
Not Chosen
Not Offered
,-r'.
No AnSWEr
g.
Per Cent
J:i'emales
Per Cent
Total Per Cent
0
0.0
185
67.3
185
45.3
89
66.9
0
0.0
89
21.8
26
19.6
43
15.6
69
16.9
3
2.3
0
0.,0
3
0.7
15
11.3
47
1'7.1
62
15.2
Summary.
We' find, that the median age of the one hundred and thirtythree males is eighteen and eight-tenths years, while the median
age of the two hundred and seventy-five females is fifteen and '
'.
eie-.h t- ten ths ye ars.
One hundred ahd twenty-four of the four hundred and eight,
.. '
,
'members have had five or mo~e years of club experien.ce.
The'
19
,. ,. l' or . .the tota 1 nUIuber' of .cJ:ub"raembers is 3.7 yea rs '
median.
.:
.
experience.
"
One hundred and forty-six chose club work at the afi,e of
ten, \'7.hich is by far larger than the number who chose it at
any other age.
Two hundred t:.:lllcl seventy-nine of the total nmn-
ber had chosen club work before reaching,the age of thirteen.
Members have engaged in thirty-seven different Drojects,
which allow wide choice of' selection.
TLe participan t is
able to select a project in wl).ich he is interested.
Ninety-seven, or twenty-three and 8i
t-tenths per cent,
of the total number dropped club work after one or more year
of exp.erience.
Fourteen neJ:lbers, or fourteen and four-tenths
per cent, dropped the work because they lost interest.:i~ightynine of the 133 males chose the vocational agriculture course,
while 185 of the two hundred and seventy-five females chose
the vocational home economics course.
Sixteen and nine-tenths
per cent did not choose these courses.
2.
Vocational Education.
a.
Occupations of Paren ts ~lhi Ie };!Gillbers Tool\: Club Work.
Since Iillox County has different kinds of soil, with varying degrees of fertili ty, some type 01' farming is the c11i8f
05;bJ~a:tiori.
f;-t":",
Fifty and two-tenths JBr cen t of the parents are
,1,-:0 ..... .':
sugs.ged in this,vocation.
Mining in which occu~)ation only 7.4
·;\(.b ....
pe'r""eent of the parents are engaged ranks second.
vJ£r;;;v~
From. Table
tind.that 57.6 per cent are engaged in these two
20
vocations while 31.1 per cent arc engaged in forty-six dii'fer-"
"eIit occupations.
TABLE VIII
OCCUPATIONS OF
PAR~NTS
21
TABJ...E VIII.
(Continue d)
22
.,
TABLE VIII. (Continued)
" ~
."
.J.
,
,
Service
R~:rrigerators
0
0.0'
1
0.4
1
0.2
Driller
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
Marshal
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
Timber Dealer
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
Cleaning a..nd
Pressing
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
1
0.2
Restaurant Owner
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
Circulating Mgr.
of Paper
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
Forenian of Gravel
Pit
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
o
Reti,red
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
5
3.8
3?d:
12.4
39
9.6
1,'23
100.3
275
100.7
408
99.2
<)
.0
.'
No Answer
Total
Occupations of' Male ExOClub Members.
Table IX shows that there are seventy-three male members out
of high school.
Four are unemployed and six gave no answer,
which leaves a total '01' sixty-three engaged in sorrle' type of
work.
,
Twenty-eight, which is 44.8 per cent of' the sixty-three
enp10yed, are farming.
It has been found from a study that
"
m.E3m..bershi 1', in 4-H Clubs had a sligh tly favorable
.'
~earing
on
the child's attitude toward farm lif"8 and that f'avora 1 ,le atti-
,....,....., .,."
..~
tudes toward, farming .were ~ stt.mula t,:,d, 'hy 4-H Leader:3. 1 .
..'
, •
,c:'
•.
~
..\
) •.1 :
'
~' . I '..
,~;
IFlorence .£-lamer Stubbs, "Some J:ducational Results of 4-H
Thesis. (Nashville, Tennessee: George Peahody
College f'or Teachers), p~ 6.
Club Work".
23
The sevcm male ex-cl ub inerribcrs now ~ttending college are
taking special courses leading to. certain vocations. Therefore,they have been listed as having occupations.
Four of
them stated that they were on courses pertaining to agriculture.
Of the sixty-three members the remaining thirty-five are
engaged in twenty-one different occupations.
TABLE IX
Occupations
Number
Per Cent
28
38.4
Attending College
7
9.6
Unemployed
4
5.5
Shoe Factory
3
4.1
Farm Hand
3
4.1
S.ervice Sta tion Opera tor
3
4.1
LIechanic
2
2.8
Farm and Factory
2
2.2
Grocery Clerk
1
1.4
Assistant Club Agent
1
1.4
Teacher
1
1.4
Farmer*
;
'~.
*Those farlning are all in Indiana, but three are located
oiitside Knox County.
TABLE IX.
c.
Occupations of' Fema le
Of' the fifty-nine
fen~les,
(Continued),
;!~x-Club ~'j~embers.
eleven did not answer, which,
according to Table X, leaves a total of forty-eight engaged
in some pursui t.
The grea te s t numb er in anyone oc cupa ti on was in tha t of
house work, which was 20.3 per cent.
Homemaker, vtith 18.7 .
per cent, teaching wi th 13.6 per cen t, and a ttending college,
25
with 8.5 per cent, were the four leading occupations followed
,
by the females.
The five a ttending colle ge were listed because
they s'1;a ted tha t the y were taking courses pre para tory for teaching.
T.A.BLE )C
Nunber
Per Cent
House Work
12
20.3
Homemake r
11
18.7
Teacher
8
13.6
In Colle ge
5
8.5
Store CJB rl{
3
5.1
ste nographer
3
5.1
Bookkeeper
2
3.4
Shee Factory
1
1.7
Cle~ical
1
1.7
Beauty Operator
1
1.7
Assistant Club Agent
1
1.7
No Answer
11
18.7
Total
59
100.2
Occup a ti ons
Work
a.
Tenure of Present Occupations.
Due to the economic condi tions of the last few years
26
there, are many people who are ei ther not
e~~Jployed
or not
sa ti sfied wi th the work in which the yare engaged.
L;any
are just holding on to whatever worl<:: they havp at presept,
hoping to get into some thing better as soon as business conditions ir.tprove.
We learn fron Table AI that fifty-four and eight-tenths
of the males feel thet they
2T\:;
at present erapl:)yed in :their
life's work; hOI"Vl3ver, 27.4 per cent of' them say that they are
not at presen t engaged in th'?ir 11 fe's work.
Only 44.1 per
cent of' the females say that they have chosen their life's
work, while 32.2 per cent say they have not.
Of the total 132 males anfi females, sixty-six, or fifty
per cent, say that they are now engaged in their life's work.
TABLE XI
Answers
Hales
Per Cent
FeJlales
Per Cent
Total Per Cent
Yes
40
54.8
26
44.1
66
50.0
No
20
27.4
19
32.2
39
29.6
NQt'J.'Cer.ta1n~. -
4
5.5.
0
0.0
4
3.0
In This Field
1
1.4
1
1.7
2
1.5
No Answer
8
11.0
13
22.0
21
15.9
73
100.1
59
100.0
132
100.0
.~
'.
i'
,Total
2'7
Value of Club Work in Choice of Present Occupations.
Twenty-nine ~'1ales out of a possible forty, or 72.5 percent,
said that club work helped them in the choice of their present
Four of the twenty-nine are attending colle~:e and
occupation.
said that club work helped:hem to c~100se their courses.
l:our
said SOIile help vms recei ved and anI r seven answered "no".
From a total 01' sixty-six males and fem81es, forty-six have
ScJid that club ','lark helped in their choice, while thirteen s,:,id
nno ," and f i v e s ai d
11
some. "
TABLE XII
VALFii: OF CUjB
Answers
~-,-ORK IN
CI-iOIC:tI; 0]' UCCUPATICNS
1'l1ale s
Per Cent
.Fe!aale S
Per Cent
29
72.5
17
65.4
46
69.7
No
7
17.5
6
23.1
13
19.7
Some
4
10.0
1
3.8
5
7.6
Ho Answer
0
0.0
2
7.7
<)
3.0
40
100.0
26
100.0
Yes
Total
f.
Total
""'
66
Per Cent
100.0
When Choices of Occupations Were Il.1acie.
Dr. Shannon found from a study that the grea tes t number
of boys and girls decided upon their present occuna ti ons between the ages sixteen to eighteen, with a median age of
~
eighteen yea:!:'s.2
28
'The aedian as shown in 'l'able XIII is 17.9
years .'
}i'rom a study made by Brown i t:was found that highly
successful men and women make their first vocational deci'sions
as the age of 17.7 years. 3
The largest number of males make their choices between
the ages of seventeen to nineteen while the :temales make their
choices between the
a~es
sixteen to eighteen.
TABL~
XIII
-\;AGES AT WEICE OCCUPATIONS,WERE CHOSEN
2.r. R. Shannon, "Survey of Adult Vocational Placement."
"Junior-Senior Hj.gh School Clearing House," Vol. VIII
{November, 1933),' PP. 180-185 •
. 30 ran -I. Brown, "A Survey of ij"ocationa1 Choosing."
Thesis I'~o. 194. Terre Haute, Indiana, Indiana State Teachers'
eoli~g~'. P-:' 39
'. ~.
29
TABLB XIII
(Continued)
22
0
0.0
1
3.8
1
1.5
23
1
2.5
0
o.e
1
1.5
24
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
25
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
~).
8
1
1.5
No defini te 4
Age
10.0
0
0.0
4
6.1
26
.
---
_._.'"~
-._ ..
After _ ....
Graduation
1
2.5
0
0.0
1
1.5
No Answer
1
2.5
0
0.0
1
1.5
40
100.0
26
'J9.8
66
100.0
_"_I
'l'otal'
Median Year17.8
g.
18
17.9
,{ias the Time Spent in Club,Jork Profi tallle?
When one sees the number participating in club work, the
question naturally arises:
What are the values deriveci from
such activity?
There seems to be no doubt as to the value of' club work
since seventy and five-tenths per cent of the total number of
132 say that it was profitaiJle.
In Table XIV, rCr';ardless of
their occupation, all answers were tabulated since
engaged in work connected wi th farming.
,-~any
were
One thing tha t is
.
significan t i s tha t no individual said tha t club work was no t
pro.fitable.
A total of thirty-two, ar 24.:3 per cent, failed
to answer this question.
30
TABLE XIV
Idale s
Answers
Yes
Per Cent
ii'emales
Per Cent
'l'otal
Per Cent
56
76.7
37
62.7
93
70.5
No
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
Some
4
5.5
3
5.1
7
5.3
No Answer
13
17.8
19
3?2
32
~;4.3
Total
73
100.0
59
100.0
132
100.1
h.
Reasons Why People Chose Their Present Occupations.
People engaged in any vocati8n usually have a reason or
reasons for the choice of such work.
Very often SOille individ-
ual influences a young person to choose a certain vocation.
Parents helped twenty-five and three-tenths ner cent of
the members to decide upon their present occupa t:i.on.
Fuurteen
and four-ten ths per cent of' the j;"leIJ.bers chose the ir present
occupation because of their interest in the work, ten and ninetenths per cent because of reciuneration, and ten and one-tenth
did so
b~oause
of the influence of a vocational teacher.
Dr. Shannon found from a study of high-school graduates
that 28.4 per cent took up the oecunation which they did b.ecause
31
o,f -interest
in the work"and 17.1 per cent because of
,
'
remun~ration.4
..
"
,From,a study of high-school graduates made by Stegepoller,
...
it was found that 10.27 per cent of the :L11a1e,s and 16.43 per
cent of the females chose their occupation because of "interest
,.in, the work.
II
p
TABLE XV
EFfECT OF INFLUENCES ON CHOICE~ OF PRESEb:T OCCUPATIONS
._---.,....-----------.,....-.,....----..,--------~-
'-_.-
·Persons or· Reasons Males Per Cent li'emales Per Cent Total Per Cent
Interest tnWork
49
15.4
29
12.9
78
14.4
liTa.'ther
'E15
14.'1
26
11. 6
71
13.1
i~other
37
11.6
29
12.9
'66
12.2
Desire for Money
37
11.6
22
9.8
59
10.9
·Vdc'a'thonal Teacher
36
'11.3
19
8.5
55
10.1
li'riends
29
9.1
25
11.2
54
10.0
Vocational Guidance 28
8.8
21
9.4
29
9.0
Service to Others
8.2
21
9.4
47
8.7
26
4 J • R. Shannon, "Surve y of Adul t Vocational PlaceI:len t. T!
Junior-Senior High School Clearing House, Vol. VIII (l\l'ovembe r
pp. 180-185.
,5Clarence w. Stegemoller, "Vocational stUdy of' Graduates and
Withdraw.als of' Dugger High School," Dugger, Indiana. 'l'hesis No.
"Terre
liau te, Indiana:. Indiana State Teachers' College), p. 54.
,
'
\
'
32
TABLE 2.-V.(Continued)
P!I¥sical Disability
15
Unemployed
4
No Answer
12
Total
318
7
l~?
b. <1
27
5~O
1 .0
'7-
0
0.0
4
0.7
8
20
8.9
32
6.0
99.9
224
542
1Q20.l
L.h.
~).
100
e. ' Bene,f'i ts Derived frora Club Work.
Club work may be beneficial to the participant in I1any
ways.
Table LVI has thirteen traits that individuals have
checked.
SOllie checked one or ~ore; others uidn't check any.
The outstanding values received arc:::
l!abi1i ty to make
friends", 14.1 per cent; "ambition to learn!!, 14 per cent;
"neatness", 12.3 per cent; !!judgt18nt fi , 11.'7 per cent; and
"self-reliance " J 10.7 per cen~.
The others are rather evenly
distributed.
TAl.;LE XVI
VAl,U~~S
Traits
,
'.
REC:c;IVED I'R 0 I,,::: ClUB -:i'ORK
Males Per Cent Female s Per Cent
'1' 0
ta 1 Per Cent
Ability to Make
Friends
90
13.7
212
14.2
30,'2
14.1
Ambition to Leann
86
13.1
214
14.4
300
14.0
Neatness
53
8.1
210
14.1
263
12.3
I
~
't
~
33
TABLE, XVI.
.-,;
.'.
t,
~Continued)
Judgment
-95
14.5
156
10.5
251
11.7
Self Reliance
83
12.6,
146
9.8
229
10.7
Dependability
53
8.1
107
7.2
160
7.4
Ability to
Concentrate
43
6.5
91
6.1
134
6.2
Self Expression
37
5.6
92
6.2
129
6.0
Ini tia ti ve
40
6.1
86
5.8
126
5.4
Desire to
Improve Health
38
5.8
81
5.4
119
5.5
P~:Rseverance
28
4.3
74
5.0
102
4.8
C09pe'rati ve
Spirit
0
0.0
1
0.1
1
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.1
1
0.0
11
1.7
18
1.2
29
1.4
657
100.1
1489
100.1
2146
99.5
--
.'
SportSl':ianship
Nb 'Answer
To-tal;; ,
,
~
~
.-..
~
-,-
.
"
j.
Chosen Occupations of :Ma1es When IIi gh-Schqo1 'Nork
~s Completed.
Fo'rty-one and seven- ten ths per cent of' the ~~la les ye t in
school have ele c ted rarndng as their v6'ca tion.
,
'"
li'ifty-thre e and
four-tenths pe r cen t have either eho sen farming or some occupation closely assoc ia t~d"'wi th i t~
~',: "Sixteen and. sev'€ln~tenths per cent are undecided, and 21.7 per
e'~'ri.:tfai1edto'res:oon'€r:t'o' the q'uestioll, whi'ch shows that they are
probably undecided, too.
34
TABLE XVII
Occupa tions
I'1ales
Per Cent
Farming
:35
41. 7
Poultry
3
5.0
Vocational Agriclll ture
3
5.0
:Mechanic
2
3.3
Engineering
1
1.7
Farming and Cattle Feeding
1
1.7
Medicine
1
1.7
Aviation
1
1.7
Undecided
10
16.7
No Answer
13
21.7
Total
60
99.5
k.
Chosen Occupations of re~ilales v.hen Eigh-School is
Complected.
Of the two hundred and seven ty-fi ve feme Ie s f'ii'ty-nine have
couple ted hi gll school, ViThi en leave s a total of' 216.
The two leading vocations chosen are teaC'hing, 21.3 per oent,
and nursing, 12.per cent.
Eight and three-tenths per cent 9f the
~~c'hers have chosen to become hJme econo:r;lics teachers.
35
TABLE XVI:j:I
:',
"(
Occupations
, Females
Per Cent
Teacher
28
13.0
Nurse
26
12.0
Home Economics Teacher
18
8.3
Beauty Operator
10
4.6
Business Training
7
3.2
Stenographer
7
3.2
Offi ce· . Nork
5
2-.3
Seamstre ss"
2'
1.0
Medical Home Missionary
1
0.5
Librarian
1
0.5
.A'Via -yion
1.
0.5
Dietetics
1
. 0.5
Urhg.$c±ded
6
2.7
103
47.7
216
100.0
i""
'•
. I~o;.Ans~er
,1.
Why Members Remained in Club Nork.
He,; . ,: :~\,~p.di viq.ual eng8;ging in any kind of a voluntary a c ti vi ty
;;.~~_''"."'T...
,;,..... ~ .........~......,./'...._ ....,." ..... __ '_-, '-'-"0""'__'''''':' •.,..._,._
·•· •• -'F.U. ~_~' . . . . _~,
,
,'¥b~~1.1y has rea,'.ons ~'~;S doil}&? so.
Ei.€iSh.t activities ~re listed in
36
Tab-Ie -XIX.
Some clubs-work :OBmbers che cked one or more
activi~iesj
but forty-one gave no answer.
Just a glance a t this table sh_lws that these percen,Jtages
run very close, wi th the "pro jec t worl-c 1l acti vi ty Ie ading,
f1.exhibits: ' second, "social time at monthly meetings" third,
and "contact wi thclub leader" in f'ourth place.
Again, the
"intere st in the work itself" shows up.
TAi3LE XIX
INFLUEI\TCES WHICl-LKTGPT lESMBERS IN CLUB70RK
Activities
Project Work
94
13.3,
169
12.9
263
13.1
Exhibits
93
13.2
166
12.7
259
12.9
Social Time at
Monthly j',:ee tings
83
11.8
,171
13.1
254
12.6
Winning Prizes
90
12.7
155
11.9
245
12.2
91
12.9
158
12.1
249
12.4
Camping
83
11.7
160
12.2
243
12.1
Demonstrations
77
10.9
153
11.7
230
11.4
;Jud,gment
84
11.9
144
11.0
228
11.3
·No' An.swer·,
11
1.6
31
2.4
42
2.8
100.0
'1307
100.0
2013
100.8
Contact with Club
,Leaders
,
.
}
j'
~:
Males. Per Cent Female s Per Cent Total Per Cent
'l!]tf'taI'
"
': -. '...~
.',..
....,
--'
.706
".", L ~
'.
~-
;
.,~
, I
37
m.
Summary.
Farming is the chief occupation of the parents of club
members, there beine:; 50.2 per cent engaged in thi s Vlork.,' '1'he
remaining 38.5 per cent, that arc e;'Q:9loyed, are scattered
among forty seven different kinds of' work.
:Forty-four and eight-tenths per cent of those members
who have comple ted hi gh school are engaged in farming.
Club
work has a slightly favorable bearing on the child's attitude
toward far:-:J.ing.
Favorab.Jle a tti tudes toward farm lif'e are
stimulated by 4-II leaders.
TLe remaining thirty-five r.1emlJcrs are rmgaged in twentyone different occupations.
These occupations vary from those
followed by their parents.
House work ranked highest among the females having completed high school.
This was due to the fact that a large
number have just completed their school work and are either
still unmarried or haven't taken up a ,zocation as yet.
Eighteen and seven-tenths per cent are homemakers, 13.6 per
cent are teaching, and 8.5 per cent are attending collegp,
preparing, mainly, to teach.
With the economic ~ifficulties as they are today, fiftyfour and eight-tenths per cent of the mG-les say that they are
npw engaged in their life's work.
Forty-four and one-t8nth
per cent of the females are now employed in work which they
have. chosen to follow t1;lrough. lif' e.
38
Club work has been of ve.lue to~:)oth sexes in t..lleir
choice of occupation, for, regardtng this Question, 72.5 Der
cent of the males and 65.4 per cent of the females answered
in the affirmative.
'11he largest number of males make their choice of occupa-
tion between the age s of seven teen to nine teen, whi le the
na~e
females
their choice between the ages sixteen to eiGhteen.
The median age at which choices are made was found to be
17.9 years.
Seventy and five-tenths per cent of a total of
13~
mem-
bers said that the time spent in club work was profitable.
Twenty-five and three-tenths per cent chose their present
occupation because of influence of their parents.
"Interest
in the work i tself'tl influenced 14.4 per cent in selecting
their occupation.
Ten and nine-tenths per cent chose their
present vocation because of remuneration, while 10.1 per cent
selected theirs because of the influence of their
'.10
cational
teacher.
Many benefi ts are derived fro,a club work.
trai ts which both sexes deened im'Jortant are:
Some of the
"atili ty to
make friends", 14.1 per cent; "a:'ilbi tLm to learn", 14 per cent;
"neatness", 12.3 per cent; "judginent: t
,
11.7 per cent; and
"self·reliance", 10.7 per cent.
Of those
"~i"t.he.r
~le
members yet in school, 53.4 per cent have
chosen farl.'ling or SOD;l.e worh: closely connec ted Vii th i t.
Twenty-one and three-tenths per cent of the females
yet in school have chosen te~ching as a career, 8.3 per cent
"
of which will become horne economics teachers.
Of the ei gh t influence s wlli ell
}~ept
,
mem'oer s in c lu b I'Jork,
there was only 1.8 per cent difference between the highest and
the lowest.
members.
'1'his shows that each is important in holding
"Project vlOrk", "exhibits", "social time at monthly
meetings",and "contact with club leader" rc.nl:ed first.
3.
Suggestions for Imnrqvement.
a.
Were Records
~ept
Accurate and Up-To-Date?
Of the ex-club r.lembers interviewed several stated that
tIle work vrould no t b l' of any consequence if it were not for
keeping records.
Table~CX
shows that a total of 293, or seventy-one and
eight-tenths per cent, kept their recoras accurate and up-to-date.
Only 14.7 per cent answered in the neeativc.
Fifty, or 12.3
per cent, failed to respond.
TABLE XX
ACCURACY OF CLUB
Answers
,
~
'e
t
Males
R~CORDS
Per Cf:;n t Females Per Cent Total Per Cent
Yes
9.9-
72,.2
197
71.6
293
7'1.8
No
21
15.8
39
14.2
60
14.7
Part
3
2.3
0
0.0
3
0.7
40
TABLE
~X.
OContinued)
Had None
'J:1
0.8
1,
0.4
2
No Answer
12
9.0
38
13.8
50
12.3
100.1
275
100.0
408
100.0
Total
133,
b.
0.5"
Do You Favor Keeping Club Records?
There are many values that may be gained by keeping records.
However, if the habit itself is established this will be worthwhile to the individual in farming a s we 11 a s in 0 ther lines
of work.
We learn from Table XXI that 79.9 per cent favor the
keepihg of record books.
Sixty-four, or 15.7 per cent of the
four hundred and e igh t, say "no" to this question.
thinks that they should not be kept in detail.
One member
Since only
4.2 per cent have given "no answer" this would indicate that
this question has been given due consideration.
TABLE XXI
KEEPING OF CLUB RECORDS
Answers
Yes
lJIal es Per Cent Females Per Cent Total Per Cent
112
84.2
214
77.8
326
79.9
18
13.6
46
16.7
64
15.7
Not in De tail
0
0.0
1
0.4
1
0.2
No Answer
3
2.3
14
5.1
17
4.2
No
.
4IL
TAl3LJ.I; XXI. (Continued)
Total
133
c.
100.1
2"-':-:75:.--_-=1c.::.,00 • 0-=--_4::..;0:.~8=---=1:..:0-=0:..:..-=0_
Eave Your Club-.lork Activi ties Developed in You
Leadership Ability?
We know that in a community, as well as in a democracy,
we must have leader ship and followership.
ha ve not trie d
',o'{e
to ascertain to what degree leadership has been developed.
From a study of Table XXII it will b
observ3d that 56.6
per cent of the members say that leadership ability has been
developed in them.
negative answers.
Fourteen and five-tenths
~er
cent gave
One hundred and seven, or 26.6 per cent,
of the members gave no answer.
TABL~
DlWELOPIjJ.1."JT OF
0'.:>...,)
~.
~."
I~
l
--~--~--
....
l'~ale
Per Cent
Female s
Per Cent
Total Per Cent
2~
59.4
15~:
55.3
231
56.6
No
28
21.1
~n
11.3
59
14.5
Some
5
3.8
4
1.5
9
2.2
Helped
2
1-.5
0
C.O
2
0.5
19
14.3
88
32.0
107
2.0. 6
100.1
275
100.1
Total
f_
ABILITY
Yes
No Answer
L -.
U~:ADER5EIP
-.~._--_.
Answers
,
XXII
·Co-·.-, _c
13;2,;
408 -----100.4
42
d'.
How Shown Tha t I,eaders.l1ip· Ai)ili ty Has Been Deve loped.
Table XXIII shows that both ma·les and fenales have participated in a number of activities which are essential to the progress of any farming community.
The largest number, nineteen, are either taking, or have
taken junior leadersllip.
Fourteen, thrcmgh their e:x:perience
in 4-H Club Work, have been of service to younger members.
We find, also, that twenty-six have worked in some phase
of church activity.
One individual has b-en a leader in show-
ing friend sand nei ghbors the vEil ue of' te s tin;: seed, irl1proving
stock, and crOD rotation.
TABLE XXIII
EVIIJl,r·TCES OF
L~~ADEH8rnp
ABILI'I'Y
._ ...
Activities
~Tales
_-
Females Total
Junior Leadership*
3
16
19
Aiding Younger 4-H Club Members
5
9
14
Church V{ork
1
10
11
Sunday School Teacher
G
.-,
8
10
Planning and Giving Programs
0
7
7
Local Club Leader
0
6
6
President of 4-H Club
1
5
6
Chairman of Committees
1
3
4
*Came into practice five years ago.
.
43
TABLE .:XIII
Epworth League Officer
2
Interested Friends and Neighbors in
Testing Seed, Improving Stock and
Crop Hota tion
3
o
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
o
1
Vocational Teacher
o
o
o
o
secretary of FarLJ. Bureau
1
Secretary of Sunday School
1
Kept Club Going in the Absence of Leader
1
President of Knox County Egg Show (1936)
1
o
1
Helped Extend Growth of' Truck Farming in
Community
1
o
1
Culled Chickens and Pruned Trees for
Neighbors
1
1
President of Older Members 4-H Club
1
o
o
1
Leader of Junior Choir
o
1
1
F'orming of Juaging 'l'eams
1
1
Carried on Exhibit Work Since out of Club
1
o
o
1
Leader of Girl Sports
o
1
1
Taken Young Girls on Camping Trips
c
o
1
1
1
1
County Club Leader
Secretary of .lomen's Camp
Leader i n Bible School in SmLler
,
"
1
Leader of Sewing Group
.No •Answe::.r_--.;..
Total
~
1
1
.....;1=_O::..7:.__~2.;..0::..2:.__...:3;...;0;...;9
133
275
__
408
44
e.
Helpful Suggestibns Given by Males and Females-.
,
We find from Tables XXIV and AKV that eight of the ninety~ive
responding have made positive criticisms.
These are
answers of membe rs who are in the uppe r a,'-e groups.
Ten members feel that there should be more meetings which
bring all the clubs' of the county together r.1ore often.
Also,
ten have expressed themselves that there should he recreation
and social times together.
Any organization must be carried on in a systematic way
if it is to f'unctioh.
Four members say that meetings should
be carried on in an orderly vva y and wi th reeulari ty.
'Ther e
are four, also, who say that only capalJle leaders should be
chosen.
A large number did not respond to this question because
ninety-seven dropped club work after one year or more; and,
also, ther,; was a large group who felt that because of their
age and inexperience they were
incapa-~)le
of malcing suggestions.
TABLE XXIV
CRI'I'ICISMS .A.:.'\fD SUGGESTIONS BY
Iv1AL~
IvIEI,:B _ RS
Suggestions
rIale s
Need more recreation-and social times
6
County club fair annually with open exhibit
5
TAJ3LE
D~IV.
(Continued)
Meetings regular and on time
3,
Feel we have a fine program
3
Contact with leader more often
3
Give out record books at the beginning
Have only capable leaders
2
Club work much improved last few years
1
Keed active local leader
1
Less
1
eD~hasis
on rewards
Have more meetings and discuss work
1
Project for entire group
1
Joint Illee ting of v..h ole club often to get acquainted
1
Ears stress on leadershi.p ability
1
Broader field to pick from
1
Make possible for raore mem,)ers to exhibi t at state
fair
1
More stress on completing projects
1
More sdln1tests and club shows
1
Reward with prize,for exhibit but don't count record
book
1
Have athletics
1
Take an interest in your project
1
Every boy and girl take club work as they will be our
future farmers
1
More experimental farms where boys could see the
r~sults
1
46
TABLE XXIV. (Continued)
Develop younger m.embers and r:.ake more loyal through
teachings of' Junior Leader
1
More stre ss on accura te r e c o r d s ' 1
More organized club meetings and better understanding
between vocational teacher and member
1
Tours to up-to-date farms that are raaking money, to
create a desire for b.etter h01-:1.8 life
1
No Answer
89
Total
133
TABLE XXV
CRITICIS1,IS AND SUGGESTIONS Bl
YE;~'''AI::~ .·:~lmSRS
I~emales
Suggestions
Visit other clubs
5
More county meetings
5
More recreation and social
L.,.
ti~es
4
Have more Junior leaders
4
Limit age in different year of SCJTle project
4
Feel we have a fine program
3
An orderly mee ting wi th all participa ting
3
-More soci al life and more compe ti ti on
2
Each class have: separa te mee tings
2
i
;
1
Club work much improved last few years
47
TABLE XXV.
(Continued)
Have bnly capable leaders
2
have a vocati0nal leader
2
Each member do own work
2
Do away with record books
2
iJieetings oftener and do laore work there
1
All take p~rt in prograns
1
Have athletics for boys
1
More cooperation
1
Camping trips closer home
1
Make articles like directions say
1
Have a 4-H magazine
1
Organize county Junior leaders with club agent head
1
Shorter program for older raerabers so they may earn
money.
I
Baked product other than gingerbread in second year
baking
1
No Answer
224
Total
275
f.
Summary.
Two hundred and ninety-three, or 71.8 per cent, of the members kept club records accurate and up-to-dat0.
sixty who answered "no" to this question.
There were
Fifty failed to
answer.
'Ne find that 79.9 per cent
re'cords should be kep t.
01
the members
S8.Y
that club
Fifteen and seven-tenths per cent are
48
againtt keeping them.
There was good response to this questi::Jll,
since 'only 4.2 per cent did not answer.
A total of' seventy-nine males and one hundred and. fifty-two
ferJales say that they have developed leadership abili ty.
is 56.6 per cent of the nULlber studied.
EO'.~rever,
This
107 gave no
answer.
Leadership abili ty has been shown by particip8 tion in
twenty-seven various phases of activity.
The ones given, by
the largest number of members, in descending order are:
tI
Junior leade rsh ip,
Tl
"ai ding yOLU1ger 4-H Club memuers,
work," "Sunday school teacher,
n
11
"church
"President of 4-H Club," and
tllocal club leader."
Eight of the older mel:lbers respondinz gave very favorable
criticisms.
The necessi ty :L'or more club meetings of' th(~ entire county
was fel t by ten :::em,::·,er;:-;.
Likewise, the same number feel that
there should be more recreational end social tim.es together.
Four members fel t that in order to ac corapli sh the mas t
f'rm:l their meetings that they should be carried on in an
orderly manner, wi th regu.lari ty, and on tirhe.
Because ninety-seven quit clUb work, and because of age
I
.
and inexperience, a large number did not respond •
~
B.
Conclusion
From the data that have been given, we conclude that
4-H Club work has been of educational vclue to the particinants
49
in Knox County for' the following reasons:
1.
One hundred and. twenty-four of the total 408 members
have had five or r.lOre years of' club
1jv'Or:'~,
the :-:J.e dian
for the total number being three and seven-tenths.
2.
Thirty-seven different projects have b,::en engaged in,
which allow a broad range of ch8ice to suit the interest of the,individual.
3.
Only fourteen members out of ninety-seven dronped club
club work be cause of lack of in teres t.
4.
1'wo hundred and seve'nty-four members chose voce ti anal
work in high school after ha ving participated in
club work.
5.
Hi th farming condi tions as thoy are today 44.8 per
cent of the mal,es have chosen farming as an occupation.
6.
l'ifty-four and eight-tenths per cent of the 'aale membel's say that they are now following their life's work.
7.
Uf ,the fePlale ex-club members 20.3 per cen t are do ing
house work and 18.7 per cent are home makers,.
8.
:Forty-four and one-tenth per cent of the f'eL'1ale membel's have chosen their occupation for life.
9.
10.
hot one member said tha t club "york Vias not pro1'i table.
Club worl{ has be::n of' value to botl'l sexes in rt;heir
choices of occupations.
11.
Accor~ing to a study made by Dr. Shannon
,',.
(p. 27) .the
median age for making a choice of occupation was
50
eighieen years for boys and girls.
The median in this
study was 1'7.9 years.
12.
2eventy and five-tenths per cent of' ex-club raembers
say that tLne spent in projects veas -orDfi ta:ile.
13.
Contact with vocatioTIcl teachers influenced 10.1 Del'
cent to choose their
14.
prese2~t
occunation.
Values received that are important in life are:
"a-bility to make friends," "eLlbition to learn," "neatness'
11
15.
judg~llent",
"self-reliance," and
Cver fifty per cent of the
~l1Bles
"c~ependability."
yet in school have
either chosr:m farr,ling as an occupati:Jn or an occupation closoly allied to it.
16.
About one-third
,J1'
the ieflales, yet in school have
chosen three occupations to
enga~e
in:
nursing, teach-
ing, and the teaching of home economics.
17.
Of eight activities listed the Del' cr:mts range fran
11.3 to 13.1.
This shows that there is almost equal
interest in these activities.
18.
Seventy-one and eight-tenths per cent of the members
kept club records accurate and up-to-date.
19.
Seventy-nine and nine-tenths ';)er cent favor keening
record books.
20.
Leade~ship
ability has been developed in fifty-six
and six-tenths per cent of the particinants.
51
i'
21.
"
Nineteen members are taking or have taken Junior
leadership.
22.
Twenty-six have been leaders in some phase of ohurch
aoreivity.
23.
Soine 01' the meIllbers have acted as
teacheJ~s
in shoVling
friends and neighbors improved methods of doing things
p~rtaining
to farm lile.
,Hany suggestions have been [:i ven for improvement.
However,
there are a lew that have bE'eil given by several members.
Eif,ht
of the members in the upper-age group feel that the program as
it now is is srtisfactory, which speaks well for '0hose in
charge.
Some suggestions that should be given consideration
'i.•
are~
1.
Ivlore, partici:::->ation wi th the county as the uni t.
2.
Eore recreation and social tLnes.
3.
More Junior leaders.
4.
Meetings orderly, regularly, and on time.
5•
County club fair annually wi th open eyJli bi t.
6.
Limit age in different years of same project.
7.
Contact wi th club leader .:71ore often.
8.
Visit other clubs.
Through club work boys,
and~irls
are taught farming and
home-making and are led to see the place of agricul iure i:q life.
Through such participation skill is increased, powers of
52
ob~eTvation
are developed, vision is broadened, and they
learn. how to adapt thsI;lsclves to their enVirOEnLnt.
'l'he
work they do in agricl.l ture and hOI:J.e-making is so supervised and dii'ected that much of it serves as a deI1onstration
to neighbors and friends of the better way of doing things •
I..
.'
III.
A.
APP~NDIX
\iues'tionnaire
Oaktown, Indiana.
,
Present and former 4-H Club members of Knox County:
I am making a s cudy of the educa ti ohal va lue of 4-H
club work in Knox County. In order that the results obtained
be as accurate as possible it is very necessary that the
date be correct. Please fill in the blanks in the following questions. Some of these Questions may seem of a
rather personal nature, but I assure you that none of the
data obta~ned will ~ be used in ~ nersonal way.
I wish to thank you in advance for your cooperation in
making this study possible.
A. Personal Information.
1. Name
Age
Sex
2. Address
-----3. How long ha VB you been a club member?
-----4. At what age did you first enroll? ----,---;-...".-5. Name the project or projects that you have taken.
-----
6.
If you droDped ou t of' club work whi Ie in 11i(;h school
state your reasons for doing so.
7.
Vl<ile in high school did you take or do you plan to take
either the agriculture or home economics course?
__
-------
B.
1.
2.
3.'
4.
5.
6.
7.
Vocational ~ducation
While you were carrying on your club projects ~hat was
your f'a ther' s occupa tion?_~-:-_:_-----------_;_
If you are through school wha t is your present -o-c-·c-u-p-a-t~io-.-n
Do you consider thi s your life's ';TO rk? _ _~
If' so, did your experience in 4-H Club vmrk, hE:lpyou;- to"
select it?
---:;-:~---~---;-~------~-:----::::---------At what age
did you choose this OCc\JpGtion? ---,,-----.,.--.,...
If you are ou t of school and are doing C.c type of work not
connected in any way with 4-H Club work, do you still feel
tha t i t was PI' of i tab 1 e ?_~_ _~
_:_----::In the following list, nu~berthe person or reason in ord~r
of the ir importanc e as they inf'l uencec3. you in the clloi ce of
your prese'nt oc··upation. J~x. 1,2,3, etc. Add others ,if
necessary:
Person or Reason
Number
54
<-Mother,
, '. .. ~' "--".=
...---.,."",.--~--,---------.,..,.,...----,..."..-......-------------......---- ....
:;'V,0 c:~f ionE\1 Te a che r-..,..
.;....,.,.------
---~----.
,.Fr i end s_'---~------- ---------------..........,------__- - - - - - -
, 11'0ca ti ona 1 gu i dance........---'
_......-
Physical di sabi Ii ty
-- ---------
"--
_
Interest in work itself
Desire for money
----------------------
--------------------------------------------
Service to others
Others:
8.
In the following list of traits check the ones that you
consider most important which you receiv~d from your
club work. Add others if necessary.
Self' reliance
ability to make friends
Ability to concentrate
JUdgraent
Neatness
Perseverance
Dependability
Desire to improve health
Self expression
Initiative
~~bition to learn
Others:
·9.
If you are s'till in hi gh school and taking club work, wha t
work do you plan to tal~e up when you are through school?
10.
In the following list of club activities number the ones
in. order of thei r importance a s they inf'l uenced you in
staying in club work. Ex. 1,2,3, etc.
Clu:'o Activities
j
!~
I
Winning prizes
Judging
--------
'--------------
Number
----_..._------
55
Exhibi ts
.
_
Camping' - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - _ .
Projec t Work
Contact with ·club leader
._ _
--------------------
Social time at Jlonthly meetings
Demonstrations- - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - Others
C.
Sugges'ted Inlprovements
ke~p your club records accurate and up to
date, or (did, (6) you fill them in at the cl082 "to make
ago 0d rep 0 r t ?-:----;-__.,--_---;---;-:;--::--"--"-_,,.--.,,,_
Do you favor the keeping of club record books?
Do you fGel tha t your clu!) \vork ac ti vi ties have developed
in you leadership ability?
---;~-~-~-___;-~Just what have you done in your cOIillnunity to show that
~ou have developed leadership ability?
~xplain
1. (Did, do) you
2.
3.
4.
5.
,
"
-..".---,:--'
Make suggestions that you feel wofrld be helpful to any
phase of the 4-II Club program. Explain fully
_
56
B. Bibliography
l
Annual Report of' the County Agricultural Agent of Knox County.
19l7-l922.
(Unpublished)
Busch, Henry M. Leadershi'j in Group Work.'
Association Press, 1934, p. 1.
New York:
Brown, Oran I. "A Survey of Vocational Choosing."
state Teachers College, Terre Haute, Indiana.
194, p. 39
:Fi tzsimnons, C.
Economics.
Indiana
'l'hesis No.
"4-H Clubs Face Forward." Journal Home
Vol. XXV, Nov., 1933, pp. 776-777.
Foster,R. G. "Educa tion for .i.v'larrias8 and Family Life in the
4-H Club Program. II Journal Home l:I:conornics. Vol. XXVI,
June, 1934, pp. 338-342~
Shannon, J. R.
IISurvey of' Adl.llt Vocational Placement."
Junior-Senior High School Clearing House.
Smith, C. B.
"4-H Club Work."
National Education.
Stegmoller, Clarance W. "Vocational Study of Gradua tes and
Withdrawals of Dugger High School," Du~ger, Indiana.
Indiana State 'reachers Colle ge, 'I'erre Haute, Indiana.
Thesis No. 64, p. 54.
Stubbs, Florence Hamer tlSome Educational Res!Jlts of 4-H Club
Work--An Ob je c ti ve Tea t." George Peabody Colle ge for
Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee. Thesis, p. 6.
U. S. Department of' Interior. Federal Cooperation in Agricultural and Extension Works, Vocational ~ducati.on and
Vocational Rehabilitatio~BulletinNo. 15, 1933. pp. 101256.
Warren, G. L.
"4-H Club Work Wi th Rural Girls. II Journal Home
,
Economics. Vol. XXIV, August, 1932, pp. 686-688 •
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