6 th Interim Report : OCTOBER-2014

Transcription

Document Control and Data Sheet
1. Report No.
:
ICZMP/87/2014
2. Document Month
3. Title
:
:
October-2014
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project
Sixth Interim Progress Report
Capacity Building of GEER Foundation
(Database of Marine Biodiversity and Coral Transplantation
Experiment in Gulf of Kachchh)
4. Type of Document
:
Interim Progress Report
5. No. of Pages
:
26 Colour Plates + 217 B/W
6. No. of References
:
129
7. Security Classification
:
© Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Gandhinagar
This report may be cited as
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project, Sixth Interim Progress Report, Capacity
Building of GEER Foundation, (Database of Marine Biodiversity and Coral Transplantation Experiment
in Gulf of Kachchh), Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Gandhinagar.
206pp.
Report brought by
Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Indroda Nature Park, P. O. Sector-7,
Gandhinagar-382 007, Gujarat, India.
Phone: +91-79-23221385
Fax: +91-79-23241128
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.geerfoundation.gujarat.gov.in
STUDY TEAM
For the period upto July 31, 2014
Head of the
Institution
:
Mr. Bharat J. Pathak, IFS
Addl. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Director
(Direction &
Guidance)
Nodal Officer
:
(Coordination)
Manager
:
Mr. B. M. Rabari, GFS
Dy. Director (R & D)
Mr. B. M. Joshi, GFS
Dy. Director (EE)
Mr. Vikram Singh
Manager, ICZMP
Scientist
:
Dr. Harshad Salvi
Scientist, ICZMP
Environmental
Parameters
:
Dr. Rajal Patel, Research Associate
:
JRF
Mr. Bignesh Thakur
Mr. Ankit Trivedi
Ms. Jignasha Vankar
Mr. Roshan Bhagat
Mr. Parth Tailor
Ms. Diksha Sharma
:
Flora
TA
Mr. Hiren Chavda
Ms. Vidushee Solanki
Ms. Trupti Patel
Mr. Vipul Solanki
Ms. Ankita Patel
Mr. Christian Lamb
:
SRF
Mr. Nilesh Vaghela
:
Mr. Bhargav Bharmbhatt
JRF
Ms. Lopamudra Das
:
Ms. Suparna Roy
TA
Ms. Bhavika Patel
Fauna
:
Dr. Sandeep Munjpara, Research Associate
SRF
Mr. Yashpal Anand
:
JRF
Ms. Kinjal Joshi
Mr. Nisarg Chaudhari
Mr. Bhavesh Parmar
:
TA
Ms. Pooja Tripathi
Mr. Jigar Joshi
Coral
Transplantation
:
Dr. Dishant Parasharya, Research Associate
:
SRF
Mr. Yashpal Anand
JRF
Mr. Hiren Bhatti
TA
Ms. Heena Parmar
Mr. Divyarajsinh Jadeja
Laboratory
:
Mr. Dashrathsinh Barad
Dr. Vijay Makwana, Lab Superintendent
:
LT
Ms. Vaishali Parmar
Ms. Raksha Shah
Ms. Megha Patel
LA
Ms. Sadhana Thummar
Remote Sensing &
GIS Cell
Admin & Account
Section
:
:
Ms. Jignasha Chaudhari
Dr. B. H. Patel, IFS, DCF, Research
Mr. Rakesh Patel
Mr. Nitin Patel
(Non ICZMP Staff)
(Non ICZMP Staff)
Ms. Vijaya Makwana, Accounts Officer
Ms. Vaishali Solanki, Accountant
Mr. Kirit Joshi, Computer Person
Photo & Video
Documentation
:
Layout & Designing
:
Mr. Sunil Panchal, Studio Incharge,
(Non ICZMP GEER F. Staff)
Mr. Jignesh Suthar,
Information & Data Coordinator
Graphics
:
Mr. Mehul Joshi, Artist cum Graphics Designer
Index
CHAPTER
CONTENT
1 Component –A : Capacity Building & Financial Progress
PAGE NO
1-5
1.1 Background
1
1.2 Introduction
2
1.3 Human Resources
2
1.4 Infrastructure
3
1.5 Training
4
1.6 Financial Progress
5
2 Bio-Physical Monitoring of Soil & Water of Gulf of Kachchh
7-53
2.1 Introduction
7
2.2 Objectives
8
2.3 Background
9
2.4 Present Interim Report Work Period: July 2013 to June 2014
9
2.5 study area
9
2.6 methodology
11
2.7 Result and Discussion: (Work Duration July 2013 to June 2014)
13
3 Survey of Costal Flora of Gulf of Kachchh
55-75
3.1 Introduction
55
3.2 Study Area
55
3.3 Background (up to Fifth Interim)
55
3.4 Objectives
56
3.5 Work Done From March to June’2014 (6th interim)
57
3.6 Study Area of 6th interim report (March-June’2014)
57
3.7 Methodology (Coastal Flora, Sea Weeds & Mangroves)
59
3.8 Results
60
CHAPTER
CONTENT
4 Marine and Coastal Fauna of Gulf of Kachchh
PAGE NO
77-105
4.1 Background
77
4.2 Present Interim Report (6th Interim Report)
77
4.3 Progress Under Fauna Activity Until June-2014
78
5 Coral Transplantation
107-122
5.1 Introduction
107
5.2 Summary
107
5.3 Background
108
5.4 Recent activities
109
5.5 Field Work
109
5.6 Monitoring
110
5.7 Monitoring-Phase II Transplantation
113
5.8 Major Findings
115
5.9 Coral Transplantation Phase III
117
5.10 Training on Monitoring of transplanted corals and transplantation
activities
120
References
123-132
Annexures
133-206
List of Tables
Table-2.1
Sampling sites for biophysical study of the GoK
Table-2.2
List of Codes for Sites of GEER Foundation
Table-2.3
List of Codes for Sites of GEER- GPCB common sites
Table-2.4
List of the parameters analyzed for water
Table-2.5
List of parameters analyzed for soil
Table-2.6
Plankton recorded in the Gulf of Kachchh
Table-2.7
List of Recorded species of Phytoplankton
Table-2.8
List of Recorded species of Zooplankton
Table-3.1
Work done under the flora component from March 2014 to June 2014
Table-3.2
Distribution of Seaweeds enumeration transacts and quadrates in GoK and its Islands
Table-3.3
Distribution of Seaweeds enumeration transacts and quadrates in GoK and its Islands
Table-3.4
Floral richness till now recorded in the area of GoK
Table-3.5
Numbers of Angiosperm families- Genus-Species recorded between November-2011 to
June-2014 in the GoK Coast
Table-3.6
Terrestrial Coastal Angiosperm Genera recorded between November-2011 to June-2014
in the GoK Coast
Table-3.7
Density of seedlings and saplings of mangroves in the studied Taluka
Table-3.8
Abundance of seedlings and saplings of mangroves in the studied Taluka
Table-3.9
% of Frequency – seedlings (SDG) and saplings (SPG) of mangroves in study area
Table-4.1
Checklist of amphibians recorded in the study area
Table-4.2
Checklist of reptiles recorded in the study area
Table-4.3
Species Specific Nesting Status (Secondary Data
Table-4.4
Checklist of mammals recorded in sampling area of GoK
Table-5.1
Field visits under Coral transplantation component
Table-5.2
Species wise survival of fragments Phase-I (March’ 2012)
Table-5.3
List of surviving fragments Phase-II (Monitoring data
Table-5.4
Survival of coral fragments at Narara (Phase I & II)
Table-5.5
List of other marine fauna encountered near to frames area during monitoring
Table-5.6
Details of the collected fragments
Table-5.7
Survival of coral fragments at Goose (Phase III)
Table-5.8
Sedimentation data
Table-5.9
Activity sheet for the duration July to December 2014
List of Figures
Fig.-2.1
Study area and selected sampling sites
Fig.-2.2
pH- Monsoon
Fig.-2.3
pH- Winter
Fig.-2.4
pH- Summer
Fig.-2.5
pH- Average
Fig.-2.6
Temperature – Monsoon
Fig.-2.7
Temperature - Winter
Fig.-2.8
Temperature - summer
Fig.-2.9
Temperature - Average
Fig.-2.10
Turbidity-Monsoon
Fig.-2.11
Turbidity-Winter
Fig.-2.12
Turbidity-Summer
Fig.-2.13
Turbidity-Average
Fig.-2.14
Conductivity-Monsoon
Fig.-2.15
Conductivity-Winter
Fig.-2.16
Conductivity-Summer
Fig.-2.17
Conductivity- Average
Fig.-2.18
TDS - Monsoon
Fig-2.19
TDS -Winter
Fig.-2.20
TDS - Summer
Fig.-2.21
TDS – Average
Fig.-2.22
DO - Monsoon
Fig.-2.23
DO - Winter
Fig.-2.24
DO - Summer
Fig.-2.25
DO – Average
Fig.-2.26
Alkalinity- Monsoon
Fig.-2.27
Alkalinity- Winter
Fig.-2.28
Alkalinity – Summer
Fig.-2.29
Alkalinity – Average
Fig.-2.30
Acidity- Monsoon
Fig.-2.31
Acidity – Winter
Fig.-2.32
Acidity – Summer
Fig.-2.33
Acidity – Average
Fig.-2.34
T. Hardness – Monsoon
Fig.-2.35
T. Hardness – Winter
Fig.-2.36
Total Hardness – Summer
Fig.-2.37
Total Hardness – Average
Fig.-2.38
Calcium H.- Monsoon
Fig.-2.39
Calcium H.- Winter
Fig.-2.40
Calcium Summer
Fig.-2.41
Calcium – Average
Fig.-2.42
Magnesium H.- Monsoon
Fig.-2.43
Magnesium H.- Winter
Fig.-2.44
Magnesium Summer
Fig.-2.45
Magnesium – Average
Fig.-2.46
Chloride – Monsoon
Fig.-2.47
Chloride – Winter
Fig.-2.48
Chloride – Summer
Fig.-2.49
Chloride – Average
Fig.-2.50
Salinity-Monsoon
Fig.-2.51
Salinity – Winter
Fig.-2.52
Salinity – Summer
Fig.-2.53
Salinity – Average
Fig.-2.54
Nitrate – summer
Fig.-2.55
Nitrite – Winter
Fig.-2.56
Nitrite – Summer
Fig.-2.57
Phosphate - Winter
Fig.-2.58
Phosphate – Summer
Fig.-2.59
Soil pH- Average
Fig.-2.60
Soil Texture (% composition of Soil; July 2013 to Jun3 2014)
Fig.-2.61
Soil Bulk Density – Average
Fig.-2.62
Soil particle Density
Fig.-2.63
Soil Organic Carbon – Average
Fig.-2.64
Soil Organic Matter – Average
Fig.-2.65
Soil Moisture Content- Average
Fig.-2.66
Phytoplankton species diversity of selected sites of GoK (GEER Sites)
Fig.2.67
Zooplankton species diversity of selected sites of GoK (GEER Sites)
Fig.-2.68
Phytoplankton species diversity of 6 selected sites of GoK (GEER-GPCB common
sites)
Fig.2.69
Zooplankton diversity at 6 selected sites of GEER-GPCB in the GoK
Fig.2.70
Composition of Phytoplankton
Fig.2.71
Composition of Zooplankton
Fig.-3.1
Habit distribution among Gymnosperm and Angiosperm
Fig.-3.2
Floristic diversity of monocot and dicotyledonous plants
Fig.-3.3
Distribution of classes and groups within Angiosperms
Fig. 3.4
Division wise species diversity of seaweeds
Fig.-3.5
Site Wise species richness of seaweeds
Fig.-3.6
Chlorophyta % coverage /sq. mt
Fig.-3.7
Phaeophyta % coverage /sq. mt
Fig.-3.8
Rhodophta % coverage /sq. mt
Fig.-3.9
Mangrove regeneration of Jamnagar Taluka
Fig.-3.10
Mangrove regeneration of Kalyanpur Taluka
Fig.-3.11
Mangrove reneration of Khambhaliya Taluka
Fig.-3.12
Mangrove reneration of Lalpur Taluka
Fig.-3.13
Mangrove reneration of Okhamandal Taluka
Fig.-4.1
Island wise density and number of Crustacean species recorded till end of
June’14 in GoK
Fig.-4.2
Similarities among the Islands of GoK based on Species composition through
Bray-Curtis Similarity Measure (Crustaceans)
Fig. 4.3
Island wise density and number of Mollusc species recorded till end of June’14 in
GoK
Fig.-4.4
Bray-Curtis Similarity Measure (Mollusc)
Fig. 4.5
Island wise density and number of Coral species recorded till June’14 in GoK
Fig.-4.6
Bray-Curtis Similarity Measure (Coral)
Fig.-4.7
Number and proportion of herpetofauna species with terrestrial and aquatic
niches
Fig.-4.8
Relative abundance of herpetofauna in GoK (till end of June’14)
Fig. 4.9
Frequency of occurrence and Relative Abundance of herpetofauna in GoK (till
end of June’14)
Fig.-4.10
Number of bird species with terrestrial and aquatic niches recorded till end of
June’14
Fig. 4.11
Number of bird species with migratory status recorded till end of June’14
Fig. 4.12
Proportion of bird species according to feeding habit
Fig.-4.13
Species composition based on feeding habit of animals
Fig.-4.14
Abundance of wild mammals observed in study area
Fig.-4.15
Frequency of occurrence of wild mammals (terrestrial) observed in study area
Fig.-5.1
Species-wise surviving fragments - Phase I (Till June 2014)
Fig.-5.2
Seasonal mortality (%) – Phase I
Fig.-5.3
Species specific Seasonal Mortality (Phase I)
Fig-5.4
Total fragments surviving till June 2014 (Phase II)
Fig.-5.5
Seasonal mortality (%) – Phase II
Fig.-5.6
Species specific Seasonal Mortality in Transplanted species (Phase II)
Fig-5.7
Survival of coral fragments at Narara (Phase I & II)
Fig.-5.8
Benthic cover (%) at two sites
List of Maps
Map- 4.1
Distribution of “threatened” (as per IUCN-2014) species (digits indicates number
of birds)
Map- 4.2
Distribution of “threatened” (as per IW(P)A, 1972) species (digits indicates
number of birds)
List of Annexures
Annexure-1.1 GEER Foundation’s Revised HR Plan and HR Status as on August-2014
Annexure-1.2 Statement of Expenditure and Progress in Financial year 2013-14
Annexure-1.3 Annual Work Plan (2014-2015)
Annexure-1.4 Progress in Financial year 2014-15(Till July ‘14)
Annexure-1.5 Quarterly Fund and Expenditure Status (August – 2010 to July – 2014)
Annexure-1.6 Annexure – 1.6 Activity-wise Expenditure Statement from F.Y. 2010-11 to July2014 & Activity-wise Annual Action Plan from August-2014 to F.Y. 2015-16 (upto
Dec-15)
Annexure-3.1 Checklist of Angiosperm plants of the Gulf of Kachchh
Annexure-3.2 comparison of seaweed inventory with previous records
Annexure-4.1 List of Crustaceans species recorded in GoK till end of June’14
Annexure-4.2 Similarity Matrix of Island of GoK based on Species composition (Crustacean)
Annexure-4.3 List of Molluscs recorded in the GoK till end of June’14
Annexure-4.4 Similarity Matrix of Island of GoK based on Species composition (Mollusc)
Annexure-4.5 List of Coral species recorded in GoK till end of June’14
Annexure-4.6 Similarity Matrix of Island of GoK based on Species composition (Coral)
Annexure-4.7 Checklist of Birds recorded in the GoK till end of June’14
Chapter – 1
Component-A: Capacity Building & Financial Progress
1.1 BACKGROUND
The India Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project assisted by the World
Bank gets approved in the Fiscal Year-2010-11. The funding for the same was stated
from July-2010. After launching of the project, the GEER Foundation had submitted Five
Interim Reports (Six Monthly).
The project has the following main objectives:
1) To support effective and efficient conservation and management of coastal
biodiversity by providing research based information and inputs to the
managers.
2) To generate information about biophysical status of the intertidal areas and, to
develop benchmark information about the floral and faunal diversity in the Gulf
of Kachchh.
3) To initiate the rejuvenation of live corals by experimental transplanting of some
of the coral species in Gulf of Kachchh so that coral biodiversity as well as the
general marine biodiversity surviving on coral reefs are enriched.
To achieve the aforesaid objectives, following three components were proposed:
Component-A: Capacity building of GEER Foundation for long-term
research and bio-physical monitoring in the coastal areas
of Gujarat
For achieving first component, the GEER Foundation proposed to strengthen its
laboratory facility, set up a well-equipped centralized laboratory at Gandhinagar and
Five Field Stations in the coastal areasof Gujarat. The Foundation also proposed to build
the capacities of the staff by providing trainings in diving, snorkelling, taxonomy and in
other areas of marine biodiversity research, biophysical monitoring and conservation.
Some associated but essential infrastructure facilities like vehicle, boats, computer
software &peripherals and various equipments was proposed in the project along with
necessary staff.
Component-B: Generating information about biophysical status of the
intertidal areas and to develop benchmark information
about the floral and faunal diversity in the Gulf of
Kachchh
Under this component, the following four activities were taken up:
1. Bio-physical monitoring of soil and water of intertidal areas in Gulf of Kachchh
(annual reports to be brought out at the end of third, fourth and fifth years).
2. Survey of Coastal Flora of Gujarat (report to be brought out at the end of third
year).
3. Survey of Coastal Fauna (report to be brought out at the end of fourth year).
4. Biodiversity Status Report (report to be brought out at the end of the five year
project period).
Component-C: Experimental coral transplantation of selected coral
species in Gulf of Kachchh
To achieve the third component of coral transplantation, the Foundation proposed to
take up two sites in Gulf of Kachchh viz. Narara and Goose Island and carry out coral
transplantation of some selected species.
1.2 INTRODUCTION
GEER Foundation had submitted Fifth Interim Report in the month of March
2014indicating the methodological framework, sampling design, sample sites and the
progress made during the 1st Quarter of F.Y. 2013-14 & 3rd Quarter of F.Y. 2013-14
(June-2013 to Dec-2014). This is the Sixth Interim Report of the ICZMP, GEER Foundation
Component covering the progress and outcomes made during from the Jan-2014 to
July-2014. A significant progress is made in all the following listed components of the
project:
This report is presented in five major sections/chapters viz. Chapter-1- Capacity Building
& Financial Achievements, Chapter-2- Bio-Physical Monitoring of Soil & Water of Gulf of
Kachchh, Chapter-3- Survey of Coastal Flora of GoK, Gujarat, Chapter-4- Marine and
2
Coastal Fauna of GoK including Marine Invertebrates, Avifauna, Terrestrial Mammals
and Marine Mammals and Chapter-5- Experimental Coral Transplantation- in the GoK,
Gujarat. All chapters are equipped with references, photographs, checklists of species,
relevant maps and the information in each component/section in the form of
Annexures.
1.3 HUMAN RESOURCE
As per DPR the sanctioned posts are 62, against which 46 persons are at present
working with GEER Foundation under ICZM Project. In spite of Eight Rounds of
recruitment, not all the provided posts could be filled up. Besides,03persons left for
further education or better opportunities during this report period. Further efforts will
be made to fill up important required posts. The remaining post will be filled up as per
requirement of the project. Details of Revised Human Resource Plan and staff recruited
are attached as Annexure-1.1.
1.4 INFRASTRUCTURE
The project provides for basic and technical infrastructure needed for capacity building
and project implementation.
A. Vehicles/Software/Office Equipments: All the sanctioned Vehicles, Software (i.e.
ArcGIS and ERDAS) and computer equipment have been procured. Additional
Vehicles, Software and Office Equipments are proposed under the Mid Term
Review of the Project for which approval is awaited.
B. Furniture’s and Fittings: The office furniture as mentioned in Annual Work Plan
(2013-14), partial procurement has been completed. Additional Furniture is
proposed for the Laboratory at Gandhinagar, Five Field Stations and for the staff of
ICZM Project under the Mid Term Review of the Project for which approval is
awaited.
C. Laboratory Equipments: Under the ICB category, there are in total 4 instruments
to be procured in Current F.Y. For 3 ICB Packages instrument (i.e. UV- visible
Spectrophotometer,
Atomic
Absorption
Spectrophotometer
and
Gas
Chromatograph), Purchase Order & Letter of Credit issued for all three
3
equipments. For 1 ICB Package (i.e. Scanning Electron Microscope), is under
process and Bid Evaluation Reports is awaited from SPMU. For the procurement of
the equipments through National Shopping, approx. allequipments approved
under the project have been procured. Remaining equipments will be procured
after the construction of laboratory facilities. Additional Laboratory Equipments
are proposed for the Laboratory at Gandhinagar, Five Field Stations and for
installation at Boats under the Mid Term Review of the Project for which approval
is awaited.
D. Existing laboratory at Gandhinagar, Field stations and procurement of boats:
GEER Foundation in context of Laboratory at GEER Foundation, Field stations and
procurement of boats, the following action plan is finalized:
a. Regarding enhancing the capacity of the existing lab of the GEER Foundation
at Gandhinagar, the Contract Agreement signed with the contractor on April
01, 2013. Contractor has started civil works at the construction site. 90% of
the civil works completed is by the Contractor. Financial progress is about
90%.
b. Regarding five field stations, Contract Agreement signed with all the selected
contractors. Almost 80% of the civil works completed is by the Contractor.
Financial progress is about 70%.
c. Regarding the procurement of boats, GEER has signed Contract Agreement
Order placed for TYPE-A Boat on August 29, 2013.Boat Construction is under
progress.
1.5 TRAINING
As part of capacity building GEER Foundation and SPMU has organised in total 06
training/workshop programs. GEER Foundation will organise different training program
depending upon the need analysis of ICZM project staff in the F.Y. 2014-15.
4
1.6 FINANCIAL PROGRESS
1) Statement of Expenditure and Progress in Financial year 2013-14
Annual Work Plan and activity wise expenditure detail for the Fiscal Year 2013-14 is as
provided in the Annexure-1.2. Brought forward balance from F.Y. 2012-13 was Rs. 1.35
Lakhs and total grant of Rs. 350.00 Lakhs was received during the F.Y. 2013-14 against
which an expenditure of Rs. 380.94Lakhs is incurred (which is 92.61% of available
balance).
2) Annual Work Plan (AWP)
AWP for 2014-15 is as provided in Annexure-1.3.
3) Progress in Financial year 2014-15(Till July ‘14)
Brought forward balance from F.Y. 2013-14 was Rs. 40.09Lakhsand total grant of Rs.
200.00 Lakhs was received during the F.Y. 2014-15 against which an expenditure of Rs.
144.30 Lakhs is incurred (which is 60.10% of available balance). The activity wise
cumulative expenditure detail is provided in Annexure-1.4.
5) Quarterly Fund and Expenditure Status (August – 2010 to July – 2014)
Quarter wise details for the funds received & expenditure incurred during the period
from August 2010 to July 2014 is as provided in Annexure-1.5.
6) Projections of the Remaining Project Duration:
Activity-wise Expenditure Statement (from F.Y 2010-11 to July 2014) & Projections from
August 2014 to December 2015 is as provided in the Annexure-1.6.
5
Chapter – 2
Bio-Physical Monitoring of the Gulf of Kachchh
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The state of Gujarat is covering ecosystem diversity like different Forests Ecosystems,
Desert Ecosystems, Wetland Ecosystems, Coastal & Marine Ecosystems and Agroecosystems in different regions of Gujarat State. Gulf of Kachchh, an intent to mainland
of Gujarat is fourth major coral reefs areas of India. Gulf of Kachchh is very rich in floral
and faunal diversity and comprises different types of communities and habitats like very
unique coral reefs, mangroves, sandy shores, rocky shores and mudflats. The Gulf of
Kachchh is delimited in the north by the Kachchh region and in the south by the
Saurashtra region. Gujarat’s rich marine diversity is represented by the Gulf of Kachchh
& Marine National Park & Sanctuary, which geographically ranges 22 o15’ to 23o 40’ N &
68o 20’ to 70o 40’ E and has the coast line of 1,650 km.
Seventy percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans comprising some of the
world’s most diverse and unique ecosystems (mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds
etc.) Marine ecosystem is getting affected by both Natural as well as anthropogenic
actions. Climate change is leading to sea level rise, increased coastal erosion, flooding,
higher storm surges, sea salinity ingress, increased sea-surface temperatures, ocean
acidification, coral bleaching, mangroves and millions of climate change refugees.
Climate change results in the impact on the biodiversity like change in their distribution
pattern, migration of species, invasion of invasive species, change in the phonological
behavior like breeding period, migration time etc.
The inception of industrialization and urbanization has initiated many coastal
development activities which have resulted into decline in biodiversity indirectly by
affecting the climate. The globally averaged combined land and ocean surface
temperature data as calculated by a linear trend, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06]
°C, over the period 1880 to 2012 (WG I, FAR, IPCC, 2013).
The functioning of an aquatic ecosystem and its stability to support life forms depends,
to a great extent on the physicochemical characteristics of its water. Any change in
abiotic components reflects in the biotic components of an ecosystem. These studies are
the important one associated with flora and fauna of the marine and estuarine
environment. Maintenance of good water quality is essential for the survival of the
aquatic communities in the coastland environments.
Bio-Physical Monitoring of the GoK
Phytoplankton forms the vital source of energy in the marine environment. They initiate
the marine food chain, by serving as food to primary consumers, which include
zooplankton, shellfish, finfish and others (Ananthan et al., 2004; Tas and Gonulol,
2007).The pelagic algal communities make important contributions to the smooth
functioning of mangrove ecosystem. Robertson and Blabber (1992) suggested that the
plankton in mangrove habitats contribute from 20 to 50% total fish productivity.
"Plankton" is the term that generally refers to the "floaters," the organisms in the water
that drift with the currents. This includes the algae, zooplankton ("animal plankton"),
phytoplankton (plankton that are capable of photosynthesis), and bacteria.
2.1.1 Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton (‘phyto’ = plant; ‘planktons’ = made to wander) are single celled marine
algae, some of which are capable of movement through the use of flagella while others
drift with currents. These microscopic plants range in size from 1/ 1000 of a millimeter
to 2 millimeters and float or swim in the ocean, where they are dependent on sunlight
for photosynthesis.
2.2.2 Zooplankton
Zooplankton (Greek: Zoon, animal; planktons, wandering) are myriads of diverse floating
and drifting animals with limited power of locomotion. Majority of them are
microscopic, unicellular or multi cellular forms with size ranging from a few microns to a
millimeter or more. In addition to size variations, there are differences in morphological
features and taxonomic position.
The present baseline information of the physicochemical characteristics of water & soil
would be useful tool for policy makers for the Conservation, Management and
Maintenance of the rich & diverse Marine ecosystem of the Gulf of Kachchh.
Present study was proposed under the ICZM project focusing on the following
objectives.
2.2 OBJECTIVES
1.
To study the physic-chemical parameters of water and soil of intertidal areas of the
Gulf of Kachchh.
2.
To survey the plankton diversity in the Gulf of Kachchh.
8
2.3 BACKGROUND
The field work for samples collection under the project has been started in November
2011 after commencement of the project in September, 2010 and the periodicity for
monitoring selected sites in the GoK i.e. monthly basis. Total Thirty-one (31) field visit
were made for the collection of samples up to June, 2014. There were 5 interim reports
have been prepared during the period of November, 2011 to December, 2013 (IJanuary, 2012; II- December, 2012; III- May, 2013; IV- March, 2014) under this research
activity in the project.
From January 2014 to June 2014 total six field visits have been carried out on monthly
basis in order to collect in-sit data and samples of water and soil from selected sampling
sites.
The submitted report includes the results of physicochemical parameters of water and
soil and plankton analysis in which 210 plankton species were recorded.
2.4 PRESENT INTERIM REPORT WORK PERIOD: July 2013 to June 2014

Sample collection & analysis: - Monthly basis sample collection and In-situ
analysis.

Laboratory Analysis: - Ex-situ Analysis of collected sample.

Report writing: Preparation of monthly report submitted to the office.

The samples had not been collected from the islands during monsoon season
due to rough sea and high wave action. Therefore, for four months (JulyOctober) of monsoon the samples have been collected from coastal sites
only.

Result analysis has been done seasonally. Summer(March to June),
Winter(November to February ) and Monsoon(July to october)
2.5 STUDY AREA
The Gulf of Kachchh (22o15’ to 23o 40’ N & 68o 20’ to 70o 40’ E) is an east-west oriented
indentation between Saurashtra and Kachchh peninsulas. The GoK is bordered by
Kachchh district in North and Jamnagar district in south with Rajkot district covering a
little portion of the Gulf, in its eastern side (ICMAAM, 2002). The coastal zone of GoK has
medium semiarid to extremely arid climate in Kachchh district which is on the northern
9
periphery of gulf, has highest aridity in Gujarat whereas Jamnagar district, on the
southern periphery of gulf has medium semiarid climatic condition. The annual mean
rainfall of last 33 years has fluctuated from a range of 5 to 840 mm with mean of 326
mm. The temperature in the GoK goes to as high as 47oC during summers. Relative
humidity varies from 30-99%. The climate is typically tropical and coastal.
Geomorphologically the area shows that, sandy beaches characterize the northern part
of the coast and the southern coastal region is demarcated by mudflats in the inter-tidal
zones (Mehr, 1995).
For present study, 17 sites have been selected on the basis of their ecological
significance which is tabulated in Table-2.1.
Fig.-2.1: Study area and selected sampling sites
10
Table-2.1: Sampling sites for biophysical study of GoK
Sr. No
Name of Site
Name of District
Ecological Significance
1
Dwarka
Jamnagar
Field Station
2
Mandvi
Kachchh
Field Station
3
Okha
Jamnagar
Algae, molluscs, Coral
4
Poshitra
Jamnagar
Coral
5
Paga reef
Jamnagar
Coral
6
Boria reef
Jamnagar
Coral
7
Narara reef
Jamnagar
Coral & Mangroves
8
Kalubhar Island
Devbhoomi Dwarka
Coral
9
Goose reef
Jamnagar
Coral
10
Dedeka-Mundeka Island
Jamnagar
Mangroves
11
Pirotan Island
Jamnagar
Coral & Mangroves
12
Sikka creek
Jamnagar
Mangroves
13
Mundra creek
Kachchh
Mangroves & others
14
Jodiya creek
Jamnagar
Mangroves
15
Khijadiya bird sanctuary
Jamnagar
Birds important
16
Vavaniya creek
Rajkot
Mangroves
17
Surajbari Creek
Kachchh
Birds important
2.6METHODOLOGY
The methodologies applied to carry out analysis of water, soil and plankton are as
described in previous interim report. The codes for 17 sampling sites of GEER F and 5 of
GEER-GPCB common sites are tabulated in Table-2.2 & Table-2.3. The soil samples are
collected at each site during low tide and water samples are collected during high tide.
2.6.1 Plankton - Sample collection
Seawater sample is collected from the surface with minimal disturbance and filtered
with the help of 20 µ mesh size of plankton net. The amount of water filtered is
measured through Flow Meter instrument. The final volume of the filtered sample is 250
ml and transferred to 250 ml plastic bottle and labeled with date and site of sampling.
11
2.6.2 Preservation
The collected samples (250 ml plastic bottle) are preserved by adding 4 % Formaldehyde
or Lugol’s Solution
2.6.2.1 Examine samples
A Light Microscope with 10x and 40x objective lenses is examined for plankton diversity.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton: The qualitative and quantitative
analysis of phytoplankton was done by Lackey's drop method. In Lackey's drop method,
the cover-slip was placed over a drop of water in the slide and whole of the cover-slip
was examined by parallel overlapping strips to count all the organisms in the drop.
About 20 strips were examined in each drop. Number of subsamples to be taken was
dependent on the examining 2 to 3 successive subsamples without any addition of unencountered species when compared to the already examined subsamples in the same
sample (APHA, 1985).
Table-2.2: List of Codes for Sites of GEER Foundation
Sr. No.
Site Name
Code
No.
Site Name
Code
1
Paga
PA
10
Jodiya
JO
2
Boria
BO
11
Pirotan
PI
3
Okha
OK
12
Mandvi
MA
4
Poshitra
PO
13
Mundra
MU
5
Narara
NA
14
Khijadiya
KH
6
Sikka
SI
15
Surajbari
SU
7
Kalubhar
KA
16
Vavaniya
VA
8
Goose
GO
17
Dwarka
DW
9
Dedeka-Mundeka
DM
12
Table-2.3: List of Codes for Sites of GEER- GPCB common sites
Sr. No.
Sites Name
Code
1
Surajbari
SU
2
Mandvi Bandar
MB
3
Mundra Jetty
MJ
4
Sachana
SCH
5
Arambhda
AR
6
Rozi Port
RP
2.7 RESULT AND DISCUSSION: (Work Duration July 2013 to June 2014)
I) WATER PARAMETERS
Table-2.4: List of the parameters analyzed for water
1.
pH
2.
Acidity
3.
Temperature
4.
Alkalinity
5.
Conductivity
6.
Total Hardness
7.
Turbidity
8.
Ca Hardness
9.
Chlorides
10.
Mg Hardness
11.
Salinity
12.
Nitrite
13.
Dissolved Oxygen
14.
Phosphate
1. pH
8.1
8.30
7.9
8.10
7.90
7.7
7.70
Fig.-2.2 pH- Monsoon
7.50
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
7.5
Fig.-2.3 pH- Winter
13
8.30
8.10
7.90
7.70
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
7.50
Fig.-2.4 pH- Summer
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
8.00
7.96
7.94
7.91
7.62
7.85
7.95
7.85
7.92
8.02
8.04
8.03
8.00
7.99
8.03
8.00
8.40
8.20
8.00
7.80
7.60
7.40
7.20
7.00
8.03
AVE
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
SITES
Fig.-2.5 pH- Average
pH is known as the master variable in water since many properties, processes and
reaction are pH dependent. The principal system that regulates pH in the sea water is
carbonate system consisting of CO2, H2CO3, HCO3, salt content and alkalinity due to
borates (Lower, 1999).Most of the natural seawaters are generally alkaline due to the
presence of sufficient quantities of carbonate (Govindasamy, 2012).
The above graph is showing pH range of one year i.e. 2013-2014 (July 13 to June 14) in
which Paga (8.04) has the maximum average value and Poshitra (7.62) has the lowest
average value of pH. The surface Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) gets changed showed
an increasing trend with time due to changes in temperature, salinity and is influenced
by the solar intensity & biological activity. pH remained alkaline throughout the study
period at all the sites indicating the alkaline nature of the water. pH was low in Monsoon
season due to the influence of fresh water influx, dilution of seawater, reduction of
salinity and temperature. The high pH recorded in winter and summer season attributed
to the influence of seawater penetration and high biological activity exemplified by the
occurrence of photosynthetic activity (Das et al., 1997). The values obtained for pH at all
the locations reflected little influence of season with slightly higher values during the dry
seasons than the wet seasons in all the locations. Similar kind of seasonal variation was
14
also observed by Ladipo, 2011.
2. Temperature
36.00
36
32.00
oC
28
24.00
24
BO
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
J…
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
G…
20.00
B…
20
28.00
Fig.-2.6 Temperature – Monsoon
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
MA
oC
32
Fig.-2.7 Temperature - Winter
36.00
32.00
oC
28.00
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
JO
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
G…
20.00
B…
24.00
Fig.-2.8 Temperature - summer
45.00
AVE
40.00
27.20
28.73
30.00
29.18
30.60
29.72
28.68
28.58
28.08
26.26
26.58
29.48
27.30
26.52
27.65
25.00
29.15
30.00
27.92
oC
35.00
20.00
15.00
BO DM GO KA
NA OK
PA
PI
PO
JO MU
SI
VA
KH
SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.9 Temperature - Average
15
Temperature is a primary abiotic factor, showing gradual increase during summer and
simultaneous decrease in winter and this has a positive correlation with salinity as well
as pH.
In present study, the surface water temperature varied from 27.20 to 30.60oC during
winter and summer seasons respectively. There is a steady increase in temperature from
March to June, which peaked during May and low temperature is recorded during
winter. All the stations showed similar trend with similar seasonal changes.
Generally, surface water temperature is influenced by the intensity of solar radiation,
evaporation, freshwater influx and cooling and mix up with ebb and flow from adjoining
neritic waters (Govindasamy et al., 2000). A comparison of the average of surface-water
temperature during the study period showed that the variations in temperature over
the three different seasons were highly significant (Sarala Devi et al., 1979 and Beardall
et al., 1998). Pillai, 2000 also observed more than 30oC temperature during his study in
coastal and oceanic region of Arabian Sea.
3. Turbidity
200
120.00
80
80.00
40
40.00
0
0.00
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
160.00
120
Fig.-2.10 Turbidity-Monsoon
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
200.00
160
Fig.-2.11 Turbidity-Winter
16
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
0.00
Fig.-2.12 Turbidity-Summer
AVE
45.00
27.20
28.73
30.00
29.18
29.72
28.68
28.58
28.08
26.26
26.58
29.48
27.30
26.52
27.65
25.00
29.15
30.00
27.92
35.00
30.60
40.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
BO DM GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO MU
SI
VA
KH
SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.13 Turbidity-Average
Turbidity is often used as a general term to describe the lack of transparency or
“cloudiness” of water due to the presence of suspended and colloidal materials such as
clay, silt, finely divided organic and inorganic matter, and plankton or other microscopic
organisms (Wilson, 2010).Turbidity is affected by the dissolved and suspended matter
concentration of the marine water. Moreover, its values runs in positive relation with
the Total dissolved solids concentration of marine water.
The turbidity was found to be the lowest at Pirotan (9.92) and the highest (215.69) was
recorded at Surajbari. Sites which have accumulated or relatively stagnant water shows
higher values of turbidity. So as the sites like Jodia, Vavaniya, Khijadiya, Surajbari have
the high turbidity of the water. The water currents and dilution also has significant
impact on the turbidity of water. The sites like Jodiya, Vavaniya and Surajbari are creek
areas where water currents and the tidal influence are comparatively less which may
have attributed to high turbidity values. Abnormal values of turbidity are usually due to
discharge of water due to floating sediments carried by the river from catchment areas
(Muduli & Panda, 2010).
17
75.00
70.00
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
BO
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
MA
mS
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
mS
4. Conductivity
Fig.-2.15 Conductivity-Winter
Fig.-2.14 Conductivity-Monsoon
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
mS
75.00
70.00
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
Fig.-2.16 Conductivity-Summer
90.00
AVE
80.00
53.43
51.78
57.36
53.37
58.78
53.28
54.17
54.40
52.30
52.23
51.28
52.02
52.66
51.84
52.14
50.00
52.61
60.00
50.74
mS
70.00
40.00
30.00
BO DM GO KA NA OK
PA
PI
PO
JO MU
SI
VA KH
SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.17 Conductivity- Average
18
Electrical conductivity (EC) estimates the amount of total dissolved salts or the total
amount of dissolved ions in the water. Suspended objects and the dissolved solids play
and crucial role in the sea water conductivity. It also depends on the topography of the
site.
The maximum average value of conductivity was recorded at Vavaniya (84.85 mS) and
minimum value at Surajbari (39.01 mS). The more total dissolved solids in water,
particularly salts, the greater its electrical conductivity (Westbrook et al. 2006).The sites,
which are islands and/or adjoined to the open sea shows less fluctuation in the
conductivity values i.e. Paga, Boria, Kalubhar, Dwarka etc.
Conductivity of the water is also related to the TDS, Turbidity & Suspended solids; which
more or less remain constant in the open sea water and varies greatly at the creeks and
other isolated region, which explains the wider fluctuation of the conductivity of the
water at Vavaniya, Surajbari and Khijadiya sites. The values of Conductivity and TDS are
directly proportional to each other and therefore the sites with high TDS values revealed
higher values of conductivity.
75.00
65
65.00
55
55.00
45
45.00
ppt
75
35
35.00
25
25.00
15
Fig.-2.18 TDS - Monsoon
MA
SU
VA
MU
PO
PA
NA
GO
BO
MA
SU
VA
MU
PO
PA
NA
GO
15.00
BO
ppt
5. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Fig.-2.19 TDS -Winter
19
MA
SU
DW
KH
SI
VA
MU
JO
PO
PI
PA
OK
NA
GO
KA
BO
DM
ppt
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
35.00
25.00
15.00
Fig.-2.20 TDS - Summer
AVE
80.00
70.00
26.86
28.60
33.68
28.97
34.04
29.11
28.90
29.72
28.77
32.82
29.09
30.23
28.45
20.00
28.63
30.00
29.41
40.00
31.81
50.00
34.80
ppt
60.00
10.00
BO DM GO KA NA OK PA
PI
PO
JO MU
SI
VA KH SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.21 TDS – Average
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of surface water varied from 28.45 to 34.80 mg/l. As shown
in the graph the highest concentration of TDS was found to be in summer season at all
the sampling sites as compared to monsoon and winter season which might be
attributed to high rate of evaporation which causes accumulation of salts especially in
the creek areas. The higher values in summer may also due to fishery waste water inflow
and high rate of evaporation. The present study results corroborates with the findings of
Behera et al., 2014 who also reported peak in TDS concentration during Summer months
for the samples collected from Mangroves ecosystem of Odisha.
TDS is generally associated with inorganic salt and there is a close parallelism between
TDS and conductivity. Gadhia, 2012 also reported higher TDS concentration during premonsoon and lower during monsoon. Similarly in present study, the mean values for the
total dissolved solids (TDS) were higher in dry season than in the rainy season.
20
6. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
8.50
mg/L
7.5
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.5
6.50
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
7
BO
mg/L
8
Fig.-2.23 DO - Winter
Fig.-2.22 DO - Monsoon
mg/L
8.00
7.50
G…
B…
6.50
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
J…
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
7.00
Fig.-2.24 DO - Summer
AVE
9.00
7.74
7.62
7.51
7.62
7.31
7.00
7.26
7.42
7.40
7.65
7.64
7.79
7.63
7.65
7.81
7.62
7.50
7.66
8.00
7.78
mg/L
8.50
6.50
6.00
PI
PO JO MU
SITES
SI
VA KH SU DW MA
Fig.-2.25 DO – Average
21
Dissolved oxygen is an important constituent of water, and its concentration in water is
an indicator of prevailing water quality and ability of water body to support a wellbalanced aquatic life. However, in a dynamic coastal environment the impact is
considerably lowered because of tidal action and turbulence (Pena, 2010).
During present study variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 7.26 to 7.79 mg/l.
It is well known that the temperature and salinity affect the dissolution of oxygen
(Vijayakumar et al., 2000). In the present study, higher values of dissolved oxygen were
recorded during monsoon months at most of the stations. Higher dissolved oxygen
concentration observed during the monsoon season might be due to the cumulative
effect of higher wind velocity joined with heavy rainfall and the resultant freshwater
mixing (Das et al., 1997).
Mitra et al. (1990) mainly attributed seasonal variation of dissolved oxygen to
freshwater flow and terrigenous impact of sediments. The decrease in water
temperature increased the solubility of oxygen in water as observed by Hutchinson
(1975), Wong (1979) and Nedumaran et al. (2001). Further, significant inverse
relationship between rainfall and nutrients indicated that freshwater flow constituted
the main source of the nutrients in the mangroves. The increase in DO observed in
monsoon season could be attributed to the input of DO-rich fresh water during the
monsoon period (Sushanth & Rajashekhar, 2012).
Ex-situ parameters
Fig.-2.26 Alkalinity- Monsoon
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
B…
D…
G…
K…
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
J…
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
mg/l
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
B…
D…
G…
KA
N…
O…
PA
PI
P…
JO
M…
SI
V…
K…
SU
D…
M…
mg/L
7. Alkalinity
Fig.-2.27 Alkalinity- Winter
22
300.00
250.00
mg/L
200.00
150.00
100.00
0.00
B…
D…
G…
K…
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
JO
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
50.00
Fig.-2.28 Alkalinity - Summer
350.00
AVE
300.00
151.13
144.04
153.33
179.50
138.60
161.00
155.17
144.08
152.17
125.81
128.50
153.21
138.18
143.29
100.00
121.07
150.00
133.15
200.00
122.42
mg/L
250.00
50.00
0.00
PI
PO
JO MU SI
VA KH SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.29 Alkalinity – Average
Alkalinity determines the buffering capacity of water and is significant for aquatic life in
a water system because it equilibrates the pH changes that occur naturally as a result of
photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton (Kaushik & Saksena, 1989).
In the present study the Alkalinity was found to be high during Monsoon season and low
during summer season. The highest and lowest average concentration of Alkalinity was
observed at Khijadiya and Goose with values 179.50 mg/L and 121.07 mg/L respectively.
pH indicates the acidic or alkaline nature of water and during present study the value of
pH was found to be higher during winter season which might be attributed to high
values of the alkalinity in similar season.
23
8. Aciditys
100.00
100
80.00
mg/l
60
40
60.00
40.00
20.00
20
0.00
B
D
G
K
N
O
P
P
P
J
M
S
V
K
S
D
M
0
B…
D…
G…
KA
N…
O…
PA
PI
P…
JO
M…
SI
V…
K…
SU
D…
M…
mg/L
80
Fig.-2.30 Acidity- Monsoon
Fig.-2.31 Acidity - Winter
100.00
mg/L
80.00
60.00
40.00
0.00
BO
D…
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
MA
20.00
PI
PO
JO MU
SI
VA KH
46.83
55.58
66.83
65.17
64.00
60.42
52.33
56.75
55.92
51.88
47.00
46.83
50.83
55.14
55.25
AVE
51.33
160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
49.08
mg/L
Fig.-2.32 Acidity - Summer
SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.33 Acidity – Average
24
One of the most important components of the Chemical Perspective of Oceanography is
the carbonate system, primarily because it controls the acidity of seawater and acts as a
governor for the carbon cycle. Within the mix of acids and bases in the Earth-surface
environment, the carbonate system is the primary buffer for the acidity of water, which
determines the reactivity of most chemical compounds and solids. The carbonate
system of the ocean plays a key role in controlling the pressure of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, which helps to regulate the temperature of the planet (Emerson and
Hedges, Chemical Oceanography). As shown in the graph the Acidity was found to be
high during summer season and low during Monsoon season.
The highest value of Acidity was reported as 87.50 mg/L at Khijadiya and the lowest was
reported as 34.25 mg/L at Mandvi in summer and winter season respectively.
10000.00
9000
9000.00
Fig.-2.34 T. Hardness - Monsoon
Fig.-2.35 T. Hardness - Winter
10000.00
8000.00
7000.00
6000.00
BO
D…
G…
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
mg/L
9000.00
Fig.-2.36 Total Hardness - Summer
25
M…
SU
VA
6000.00
M…
6000
PO
7000.00
BO
7000
PA
8000.00
NA
8000
G…
mg/L
10000
B…
D…
G…
K…
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
JO
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
mg/L
9. Total Hardness
AVE
12000.00
11000.00
7495.00
7514.17
8205.00
7395.00
8348.00
7548.33
7733.33
7651.67
7437.50
7461.25
7556.67
7396.67
7105.00
6000.00
7072.86
7000.00
7483.75
8000.00
7457.33
9000.00
7056.67
mg/L
10000.00
5000.00
BO DM GO KA
NA OK
PA
PI
PO JO MU
SITES
SI
VA
KH
SU DW MA
Fig.-2.37 Total Hardness – Average
10. Calcium Hardness
2000.00
1500
mg/l
1500.00
500.00
500
BO
D…
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
1000.00
1000
B
D
G
K
N
O
P
P
P
J
M
S
V
K
S
D
M
Fig.-2.39 Calcium H.- Winter
Fig.-2.38 Calcium H.- Monsoon
2000.00
1500.00
mg/L
mg/L
2000
1000.00
500.00
BO
GO
NA
PA
PO MU VA
SU
MA
Fig.-2.40 Calcium Summer
26
AVE
1211.79
1242.59
1464.75
1151.83
1364.80
1238.33
1305.50
1374.10
1307.42
1224.07
1218.00
1259.17
1243.48
1194.20
1000.00
1261.31
mg/L
1216.33
1500.00
1260.06
2000.00
500.00
PI
PO JO MU SI
SITES
VA KH SU DW MA
Fig.-2.41 Calcium – Average
11. Magnesium Hardness
7000.00
6500.00
7000
mg/l
6000.00
6000
5500.00
8000.00
7500.00
7000.00
6500.00
6000.00
5500.00
5000.00
M…
SU
VA
M…
PO
PA
NA
BO
Fig.-2.43 Magnesium H.- Winter
BO
D…
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
mg/L
Fig.-2.42 Magnesium H.- Monsoon
M…
S…
V…
M…
P…
P…
N…
5000.00
G…
5000
G…
5500
B…
mg/L
6500
Fig.-2.44 Magnesium Summer
27
6283.46
6271.75
6696.50
6220.42
6983.20
6310.00
6350.75
6277.67
6130.29
6237.31
5887.08
6297.75
6153.25
5878.71
6223.94
6196.04
10000.00
9500.00
9000.00
8500.00
8000.00
7500.00
7000.00
6500.00
6000.00
5500.00
5000.00
4500.00
4000.00
5840.50
mg/L
AVE
BO DM GO KA NA OK PA PI PO JO MU SI VA KH SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.45 Magnesium – Average
Hardness in water is caused by dissolved minerals, primarily divalent cations, including
calcium, iron, strontium, zinc and manganese. Calcium and magnesium ions are usually
the only ions present in significant concentrations; therefore, hardness is generally
considered to be a measure of the calcium and magnesium content of water
(William).After Na+, the two most abundant cations in seawater are Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Ultimately, the Ca and Mg derive from the weathering of rocks on the continents, which
rivers then sweep to the sea. It is a curious fact that much of the ocean is actually
supersaturated with respect to the precipitation of CaCO3.Calcium is the most important
divalent salt in fish culture water.
In present study the Total hardness value ranges from 5200 to 11380 mg/L, Calcium
from 735 to 2100 mg/L and Magnesium from 4360 to 9469 mg/L during one year of
period. The value of magnesium was found to be higher than that of Calcium which
might be attributed to the composition of parent rock in GoK.
12. Chloride
40.00
30
30.00
20.00
10
10.00
BO
D…
G…
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
20
Fig.-2.46 Chloride - Monsoon
BO
D…
G…
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
ppt
ppt
40
Fig.-2.47 Chloride - Winter
28
40.00
ppt
30.00
10.00
BO
D…
G…
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
20.00
Fig.-2.48 Chloride - Summer
AVE
40.00
22.57
22.54
25.49
23.30
27.28
23.01
25.21
23.01
23.11
21.77
22.52
23.47
22.49
22.34
20.00
22.89
25.00
22.69
ppt
30.00
25.86
35.00
15.00
10.00
BO DM GO KA NA OK
PA
PI
PO
JO MU
SI
VA
KH
SU DW MA
SITES
Fig.-2.49 Chloride – Average
The Chloride was found to be high during summer season and low during monsoon
season. Chloride contents tend to vary inversely to the rate of flow of water (Amita
Sarkar & Bhavna Upadhyay, 2013). The chlorides, in high concentration, indicate
presence of organic matter (Dhanpakiam et al., 1999).
The concentration of chloride was found to be highest during summer season at
Vavaniya (33.91 ppt) whereas the lowest value was recorded at Khijadiya (18.48) in
Monsoon season. The value of chloride was higher during premonsoon which might be
due to high salinity, tidal flow and less fresh water mixing. Low value was during
monsoon season due to rain and more mixing of fresh water from river (M. Gadhia et
al., 2012).
In the present study maximum value of chloride occurred in summer. Similar results
were reported by Swaranlatha & Narsing Rao, 1998. The average value of Chloride was
maximum at sites like Jodiya, Vavaniya, Surajbari etc. which are creek areas which might
29
be due to less water flow and stagnant condition of water.
60.00
50
50.00
40
40.00
30
30.00
20
20.00
10
10.00
B…
D…
G…
K…
N…
O…
P…
PI
P…
JO
M…
SI
V…
K…
S…
D…
M…
ppt
60
BO
D…
G…
KA
N…
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
ppt
13. Salinity
Fig.-2.51 Salinity - Winter
Fig.-2.50 Salinity-Monsoon
60.00
ppt
50.00
40.00
30.00
10.00
BO
D…
G…
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
20.00
BO DM GO KA NA OK
PA
PI PO
SITES
JO MU
SI
VA
KH
37.55
37.19
42.06
38.45
45.01
37.97
40.68
42.67
37.97
38.13
35.92
36.85
38.73
37.11
36.87
AVE
37.76
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
37.44
ppt
Fig.-2.52 Salinity - Summer
SU DW MA
Fig.-2.53 Salinity – Average
30
Salinity is the indicator of freshwater incursion in the near shore coastal water as well as
extrusion of tidal water in inland water bodies. Salinity influences several processes such
as dissolution, dispersion, dilution in seawater due to high dissolved salt content and
higher density. Salinity acts as a limiting factor in the distribution of living organisms,
and its variation caused by dilution and evaporation is most likely to influence the fauna
in the intertidal zone(Gibson, 1982). The large variation of air and water temperature
and scanty rainfall, makes the GoK a high saline water body (Kunte, 2003).
The salinity was found to be high during summer season and low during monsoon
season. The water salinity and chloride revealed positive correlation with each other
which is depicted in the graph, as both the parameters showed higher values in summer
followed by winter and monsoon. The maximum concentration of salinity was observed
at Vavaniya (55.96 ppt) whereas the minimum was reported at Khijadiya (30.49 ppt)
during summer and monsoon season respectively. The recorded higher values could be
attributed to the lower rainfall, higher rate of evaporation and also due to neritic water
dominance. Kunte (2003) also observed high salinity (50 ppt) in numerous creeks of the
little Gulf ofKachchh during dry season. The minimum salinity was presumable due to
the influence of heavy rainfall and large quantity of freshwater inflow. Similar trends in
Salinity was recorded by Kannan and Kannan (1996); Balasubramanium and Kannan
(2005); Sridhar et al. (2006); Asha and Diwakar (2007).
Nutrients
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
mg/L
14. Nitrate
Fig.-2.54 Nitrate - summer
The high content of inorganic nitrogen species may be attributed to the decomposition
of organic matter in the area. The wind movement of is an important factor, influencing
the discharge of drainage of water containing nitrogen compound. Nitrate nitrogen is
one of the most important indicators of pollution of water which represents the highest
oxidized form of nitrogen. Another possible entry of nitrate is through oxidation of
ammonia form of nitrogen to nitrite and then consequently nitrates and excretion of
living organism (Rajasagar, 2003).
31
In present study the highest value of nitrate was reported at site Khijadiya(2.59 ppm)
and the lowest was recorded at Boria (0.43 ppm) as shown in the graph.
0.400
0.600
0.300
mg/L
0.800
M…
SU
BO
Fig.-2.55 Nitrite - Winter
VA
0.000
M…
0.000
PO
0.100
PA
0.200
NA
0.200
GO
0.400
BO
D…
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
M…
SI
VA
KH
SU
D…
M…
mg/L
15. Nitrite
Fig.-2.56 Nitrite - Summer
In present work, the concentration of nitrite was the maximum in winter at Sikka and
the minimum was in summer at Narara as presented in above graph.Higher Nitrate
value concomitant with low nitrite could have resulted from nitrification (Meera&Bijoy,
2010). Higher value of nitrite is associated with oxidation of ammonia and reduction of
nitrate, recycling of Nitrogen and bacterial decomposition of plankton detritus (Mathew
and Pillai, 1990).
16. Phosphate
Fig.-2.58 Phosphate-Summer
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
BO
DM
GO
KA
NA
OK
PA
PI
PO
JO
MU
SI
VA
KH
SU
DW
MA
mg/L
MA
SU
VA
MU
PO
PA
NA
GO
BO
mg/L
Fig.-2.57 Phosphate - Winter
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
Phosphate concentration in coastal waters depend upon its concentration in the
freshwater that mixed with the seawater within the sea-land interaction zone,
phytoplankton-uptake addition through localized upwelling, and replenishment as a
result of microbial decomposition of organic matters (Paytan and Mclaughlin, 2007).
Phosphate constitutes the most important inorganic nutrient that can limit the
phytoplankton production in tropical costal marine ecosystems and thereby the overall
ecological processes (Cole and Sanford, 1989).
32
In present study the at most of the sites the concentration of phosphate was found to
be higher in winter months as compared to summer. However, the highest
concentration was recorded in summer at sites like Mundra, Vavaniya, Khijadiya and
Surajbari.
II) SOIL PARAMETERS
Table-2.5: List of parameters analyzed for soil
1. pH
2. Soil Texture
3. Bulk Density
4. Particle Density
5. Organic Carbon & Organic matter
6. Moisture Content
1) pH
AVE
7.47
7.33
7.46
7.36
7.54
7.47
7.37
7.00
7.33
7.35
7.51
8.00
7.60
9.00
6.00
MA
PO
NA
KA
DM
PI
SI
KH
JO
VA
SU
SITES
Fig.-2.59 Soil pH- Average
The graph shows the pH of the soil of the individual sites. The pH value ranged between
6.39 to 8.42 during the assessment period of July 2013 to June 2014 which coincide with
the research carried out by Saravanakumar, 2008; pH of the soil ranged between 6.25 to
8.45. The maximum value was recorded at Mandvi (pH 8.42) the least pH was observed
at Pirotan (pH 6.39). In tropical countries like India, form the month of July to October is
dominated by rainy season. Rain water plays an important role in the pH of the Coastal
soil. According to the Ramnathan, 1997, “The sediment pH was high in summer and low
in monsoon possibly due to redox changes in the sediments and water column apart
from the influence of freshwater.” In contrast the high (Basic) pH of the soil samples was
recorded in monsoon and low (acidic) pH in summer in the present study. pH fluctuation
is mainly the function of seasonal variation. In rainy season it represents high (Basic) pH,
could be the result of dilution by influx of rainwater.
33
2) Soil Texture
Vavaniya
Mandvi
1% 1%
35%
SAND
SAND
50%
CLAY
CLAY
SILT
SILT
15%
98%
Surajbari
Jodiya
32%
28%
SAND
47%
SAND
CLAY
SILT
CLAY
9%
63%
SILT
21%
Sikka
Khijadiya
18%
26%
8%
SAND
17%
57%
SAND
CLAY
SILT
CLAY
74%
SILT
Poshitra
Pirotan
23%
37%
47%
SAND
62%
15%
CLAY
SAND
CLAY
SILT
SILT
16%
34
Kalubhar
DM
32%
34%
44%
44%
SAND
CLAY
SILT
22%
SAND
CLAY
SILT
24%
Narara
25%
SAND
14%
61%
CLAY
SILT
Fig.-2.60 Soil Texture (% composition of Soil; July 2013 to Jun3 2014)
In current research 11 sites have been selected which represent the GoK, for analyzing
the soil condition of the GoK. Geographically, the northern part of the GoK is
represented by the site Mandvi, Surajbari & Vavaniya creeks at the head of the GoK,
whereas the southern part of GoK represents the coastal sites like Jodiya, Sikka,
Khijadiya and Poshitra and island such as Dedeka Mundeka (DM), Kalubhar, Narara&
Pirotan.
Present understanding (Nair et al. 1982; Chauhan 1994; Kunte et al. 2003; Chauhan et al.
2006; Prizomwala et al. 2012) reveals that currents enter the gulf from the western
through long shore current and travel predominantly along the northern coast of GoK
until they reach the central part. Because of the shallower depth and the change in
orientation of the central GoK, the currents are deflected towards north and thereafter,
they are reversed from the head of the gulf. From here the currents travel along the
southern coast of GoK towards west and exit the mouth of GoK at Okha.
The increase in sand content along the southern coast of the inner GoK is caused by the
presence of a few ephemeral rivers in the vicinity namely, Aji, Machchhu and Demi. The
southern mouth of the GoK shows an increase in silt content with a decrease in the
amount of clay but an increase in the amount of sandy sediments towards the west i.e.,
Okha and Pindara(Prizomwala S.P. et al, 2004).
35
Due to the action and direction of the current in the GoK and the role of some
ephemeral rivers, proportion of the sand content is higher in the Northern part of the
Gulf as compared to the southern part. Soil of the Mandvi site, which is at the northern
part of the GoK, has the highest sand proportion. Minimum sand content in the soil was
found at Khijadiya, could be due to the fresh water influx and sedimentation through it.
On its way out of the Gulf along the southern coast, the water current gradually become
devoid of the suspended materials and does not affect the soil characteristics at greater
extent. Erosional effects by high wind velocity and wave actions are the factors
responsible for the high sand fraction of the soil at the Islands like Pirotan, DM,
Kalubhar, & Narara.
3) Bulk Density
AVE
2.50
0.36
0.34
0.42
0.52
0.46
0.55
0.54
0.37
0.50
0.50
1.00
0.74
1.50
0.72
gm/cc
2.00
0.00
MA
PO
NA
KA
DM
PI
SI
KH
JO
VA
SU
SITES
Fig.-2.61 Soil Bulk Density – Average
Bulk density of soil samples vary between 0.17 to 0.74 g/cm3. The bulk density of soil
depends greatly on the mineral make up of soil and the degree of compaction. Highest
bulk density was found at DM (0.74 g/cm3) and the lowest at Surajbari & Mandvi (0.17).
It is also affected by the sedimentation. The wave action that carry sediments and
deposit on the coast play vital role in soil composition and compaction. Bulk density is
dependent on soil organic matter, soil texture, the density of soil mineral (sand, silt, and
clay) and their packing arrangement. Fine textured surface soils such as silt loams, clays
and clay loams generally have higher bulk densities than sandy soils. Higher bulk density
at the DM indicates low pore space in the soil; compacted soil. Low bulk density of soils
of Surajbari & Mandvi indicates soil having more pore spaces; loosely bind soil. Large
fluctuation in the bulk density of the soil at DM indicates the temporal deposition of the
sediments.
36
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
MA
NA
KA
DM
PI
SI
KH
JO
2.03
1.93
2.13
1.96
2.08
1.79
1.83
1.76
1.89
PO
2.10
AVE
2.31
g/cm3
4) Particle Density
VA
SU
SITES
Fig.-2.62 Soil particle Density
Particle density value ranged between 1.00 (Surajbari) to 3.59 g/cm3 (Mandvi). It is the
density of the particles that make up the soil and it does not depend on the degree of
the compaction of soil. The particle density is higher if large amount of heavy minerals
such as magnetite; limonite and hematite are present in the soil. With increase in
organic matter of the soil the particle density decreases. Particle density is also termed
as true density. Oscillation in the particle density of the soil is mainly governed by the
sedimentation. The characteristics property of the sediments defines the particle
density.
5) Organic Carbon and Organic Matter
2.50
AVE
0.64
0.85
0.85
0.83
0.75
0.50
1.00
0.79
0.58
1.00
1.01
1.28
1.50
%
1.19
2.00
0.00
MA
PO
NA
KA
DM
PI
SI
KH
JO
VA
SU
SITES
Fig.-2.63 Soil Organic Carbon – Average
37
AVE
6.00
5.00
1.37
1.24
1.43
1.61
2.10
1.46
1.00
1.47
0.87
2.00
1.84
2.48
% 3.00
2.28
4.00
0.00
MA
PO
NA
KA
DM
PI
SI
KH
JO
VA
SU
SITES
Fig.-2.64: Soil Organic Matter – Average
Minimum organic carbon content was found at Vavaniya (0.08) and maximum at DM
(2.18). Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the carbon associated with soil organic matter. Soil
organic matter is the organic fraction of the soil that is made up of decomposed plant
and animal materials as well as microbial organisms, but does not include fresh and undecomposed plant materials.
Main source of soil organic carbon and matter is litter. Soil organic carbon gives nature
of the soil composition. Sandy soil holds very less organic matter as compared to the
clay soil. Sites which are islands have invariably sandy beaches and thus soil of such sites
is less in organic carbon and organic matter content.
This means that environmental change can be indicated by SOM values that fall outside
that typical range. Values below the bottom of a range indicate increasing aridity and
land degradation, whereas values above the top of the range indicate improvements in
soil structural stability and the soil water regime. (Sarah and Hanoch, 2000)The organic
matter content in the soil expresses the relationships between the sources of organic
materials and the decomposing factors (soil biota) (Greenland and Nye, 1959).
38
MA
PO
NA
KA
DM
PI
SI
KH
JO
VA
32.78
34.04
33.41
49.93
43.12
57.95
42.75
49.13
65.56
71.67
AVE
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
17.39
%
6) Moisture Content
SU
SITES
Fig.-2.65: Soil Moisture Content- Average
Soil of the Pirotan has the highest moisture content (57.95%) and soil of Mandvi has the
least moisture content (17.39%). Soil moisture is a major control on many hydrological
processes, especially runoff generation, soil evaporation & plant transpiration. Climate is
however one of the major control on soil moisture dynamic and its variability can have
very important impacts, especially during the warm season, when soil water content is
the result of the balance between precipitation input and enhanced evapotranspiration
losses (Longobardi A., 2008). The diurnal and seasonal variation of the soil moisture was
analyzed and it is found low during the dry season and high during the rainy season
(Roxy M.S. et al, 2008), which is also true in reference to the present study.
III) Plankton Results
The study area has diversified plankton community (299 species), that included 248
Phytoplankton and 51 Zooplankton forms.
Table-2.6 Plankton recorded in the Gulf of Kachchh
Plankton - Groups
Family
Order
Genus
Species
Phytoplankton
53
53
77
248
Zooplankton
24
24
29
51
39
 Species richness of plankton
The phytoplanktons analyzed were assigned to major group’s viz. diatoms,
dinoflagellates, blue green algae and green algae. Six (6) species of phytoplankton were
found at all the selected sites for the sea water monitoring f intertidal areas of the GOK
i.e. Coscinodiscus sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp, Pleurosigmanormanii, Surirellafastousa,
and Cylindrothecaclosterium. Some species recorded at most of the sites except 2 or 3
sites, i.e. Cocconiessp., Thalassionemanitzschiodes, Ditylumbrightwellii, Gramatophora
oceanic, Licmophorasp., Odontellamobiliensis, Tetraedronsp., and Thalassiosiraeccentric.
13 species of phytoplankton are under the taxonomical identification.
Out of 248 Phytoplankton of which most dominant was Diatoms types
(Bacillariophyceae – 190 species) in the present study, similar kind of result was
observed in the GoK (Saravanakumaret al, 2008; Shraddhaojha, 2011).
Zooplankton plays an important role in the productivity of marine environment. They
serve as a primary food source for fish, fish larvae, ceplalopods and many other
organisms. The copepode fauna which occupies 70% of the total zooplankton has very
important place in the productivity of fish (Ahmet Nuri Tarkan at el, 2005). In the
present study,GenusCopepod is the only species which is recorded at 11 sites followed
by Bivalve larvae, Cyclopoid copepod, Herpactocoid copepod which recorded at 7 - 8
selected sites of GoK.
80
70
No of Species
60
67
67
59
65
64
53
61
50
51
51
50
44
41
40
30
23
28
32
35
38
20
10
0
GO DM
PI
KA NA PO
PA BO OK DW MA MU VA
SU
JO
KH
SI
Sites
Fig.-2.66: Phytoplankton species diversity of selected sites of GoK (GEER Sites)
40
Fig.-2.67 shows that the highest plankton diversity recorded at Goose and Pirotan sites
followed by Poshitra>Kalubhar> Okha> DM >Narara>Dwarka & Boria>Paga> Mandvi
>Mundra> Sikka > Khijadiya > Jodiya > Surajbari > Vavaniya. Among all the sites highest
number of phytoplankton diversity observed at Pirotan and Poshitra, lowest at Vavaniya.
The phytoplankton species recorded highest at the Goose which is one of the recipient
sites for Coral Transplantation under ICZMP. The above mentioned result shows higher
diversity of plankton due to their ecological significance.
12
10
No of Species
10
8
8
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
6
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
0
GO DM
PI
KA
NA PO
PA
BO
OK DW MA MU VA
SU
JO
KH
SI
Sites
Fig.2.67: Zooplankton species diversity of selected sites of GoK (GEER Sites)
From Fig.-2.68, it is clearly observed that the highest plankton diversity recorded at the
Narara followed by Goose >Kalubhar, Poshitra, Sikka, Mundra, Okha and Jodiya > DM,
Pirotan, Dwarka and Mandvi >Boriya> Khijadiya and Vavaniya> Surajbari >Paga. Among
all the sites highest number of phytoplankton diversity observed at Narara and lowest at
Paga. Diversity of phytoplankton recorded higher than zooplankton.
41
60
54
No of Species
50
44
39
38
40
30
20
16
8
10
0
SU
MB
MJ
SCH
AR
RP
Sites
Fig.-2.68: Phytoplankton species diversity of 6 selected sites of GoK (GEER-GPCB
common sites)
From the graph it is clearly observed that the highest plankton diversity recorded at the
Arambhda>Sachana>Rozi Port > Mandvi Bandar > Surajbari >Mundra Jetty. Among all
the sites highest number of phytoplankton diversity observed at Arambhda and lowest
at Mundra Jetty. Diversity of phytoplankton recorded higher than zooplankton.
10
9
9
No of Species
8
7
6
6
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
SU
MB
MJ
SCH
AR
RP
Sites
Fig.2.69: Zooplankton diversity at 6 selected sites of GEER-GPCB in the GoK
From the graph it is clearly observed that the highest plankton diversity recorded at
Arambhda>Rozi Port > Mandvi Bandar >Mundra Jetty > Surajbari >Sachana. Among all
42
the sites highest number of phytoplankton diversity observed at Arambhda and lowest
at Sachana. Diversity of phytoplankton recorded higher than zooplankton
Composition of Plankton
Species
233
Genus
77
Order
53
Family
53
0
50
100
150
200
250
Fig.2.70: Composition of Phytoplankton
A total of 53 families of phytoplankton recorded from the GoK of which belong to 77
genera and 233 species.
Species
47
Genus
29
Order
24
Family
24
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Fig.2.71: Composition of Zooplankton
A total of 24 families of phytoplankton were recorded from the GoK (Till September
2013) of which belong to 29 genera and 47 species. There are 4 species of Zooplankton
are under taxonomical identification.
43
Table-2.7: List of Recorded species of Phytoplankton
SN
1
Family
Achnanthaceae
Order
Achnanthales
Genus
Achnanthes
Species
Achnanthesbrevipes
Achnanthessp
Achnanthestaeniata
2
Asterolampraceae
Asterolamprales
Akinsthrodesmus
Asteromphalussp
3
Bacillariaceae
Bacillariales
Bacillaria
Bacillariapaxillifera
Bacillaria Sp.
Cylindrotheca
Cylindrothecaclosterium
Nitzschia
Nitzschialongissima
Nitzschiasicula
Nitzschiaacicularis
Nitzschiaamericana
Nitzschiabicapitata
Nitzschiaclosterium
Nitzschiacoarctata
Nitzschiadirecta
Nitzschialorenziana
Nitzschiapalea
Nitzschiapanduriformis
Nitzschiaparadoxa
Nitzschiapendifor
Nitzschiaphonticra
Nitzschiascapeliformis
Nitzschia sigma
Nitzschiasigmoidea
Nitzschiasp 1
Nitzschiasp 2
Nitzschiasp 3
Nitzschi avar rostata
Nitzschiavivex
44
SN
Family
Order
Genus
Pseudonitzschia
Species
Pseudo- nitzschiaseriata
Pseudo- nitzschiaturgidula
Pseudoguinardia recta
Pseudo-nitschiasp
Pseudo-nitzschiadelicatissima
Pseudo-nitzschiafraudulenta
Pseudo-nitzschiaheimii
Pseudo-nitzschiaseriata
Pseudo-nitzschiasp
Pseudo-nitzschiasubpacifica
Pseudo-nitzschiaturgidula
4
Biddulphiaceae
Biddulphiales
Biddulphia
Biddulphiasp
5
Calciodinelloideae
Peridiniales
Scrippsiella
Scrippsiellatrochoidea
6
Catenulaceae
Amphor
Amphora cf. turgida
Amphora ostrearia
Amphora sp
Amphora spectabilis
7
Ceratiaceae
Gonyaulacales
Ceratium
Ceratiumdeclinatum
Ceratiumfurca
Ceratiumsp
8
Chaetocerotaceae
Chaetocerotanaeincertaesedis
Chaetoceros
Chaetocerosaequatorialis
Chaetoceroscurvisetum
Chaetocerosdecipiens
Chaetocerosdensus/ aequatorialis
Chaetoceroslaciniosus
Chaetoceroslorenzianus
Chaetocerosmitra
Chaetocerosperuvianus
Chaetoceros simplex
Chaetocerossp
45
SN
Family
Order
Genus
Species
Chaetocerostenuissimus
9
10
Climacospheniaceae
Climacospheniales
Climacosphenia
Climacospheniamoniltgera
Closteriaceae
Zygnematales
Closterium
Closteriumnavicula
Closteriumsp
11
Cocconeidaceae
Achnanthales
Cocconeis
Cocconeissp
12
Corethraceae
Corethrales
Corethron
Corethroncriophilum
Corethroninerme
13
Coscinodiscaceae
Coscinodiscales
Coscinodiscus
Coscinodiscuscentralis
Coscinodiscusgranii
Coscinodiscusmarginatus
Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis
Coscinodiscuspavillardii
Coscinodiscusperforatus
Coscinodiscusradiatus
Coscinodiscussp 1
Coscinodiscussp 2
Coscinodiscusstellaris
Coscinodiscuswailesii
14
Cymbellaceae
Cymbellales
Cymbella
Cymbella n villaformis
Cymbellasp
15
Diniferaceae
16
Diploneidaceae
Naviculales
Noctiluca
Noctilucasp
Diploneis
Diploneissmithii
Diploneissp
Diploneissurirella
Diploneisweissflogii
17
Fragilariaceae
Fragilariales
Asterionellopsis
Asterionellopsisglacialis
Asterionellopsissp
Diatom
Diatom vulgare
Fragilaria
Fragilariasp
Syndera
Synderacrystallina
Synedrasp
46
SN
Family
Order
Genus
Species
Synedra ulna
Synedropsis
Synedropsishyperborea
18
Gomphonemataceae
Cymbellales
Gomphonema
Gomphonemasp
19
Goniodomataceae
Gonyaulacales
Alexandrium
Alexandriumconcavum
Alexandriuminsuetum
Alexandriumsp
20
Heliopeltaceae
Coscinodiscales
Actinophychus
Actinoptychussp
21
Hemiaulaceae
Hemiaulales
Eucampia
Eucampiasp
Cerataulina
Cerataulinabicornis
Cerataulinapelagica
22
Hydrodictyaceae
Sphaeropleales
Pediastrum
Pediastrumsp
Tetraedronsp
Tetraedronsp
Tetraedrontribobulatum
Tetraedrontrigonium
23
Isochrysidaceae
Isochrysidales
Isochrysis
Isochrysissp
24
Leptocylindraceae
Leptocylindrales
Leptocylindrus
Leptocylindrusdanicus
Leptocylindrusminimus
25
Licmophoraceae
Licmophorales
Licmophora
Licmophoraabbreviata
Licmophoraehrenbergii
Licmophoraflabellata
Licmophora sp1
Licmophora sp2
26
Lithodesmiaceae
Lithodesmiales
Ditylum
Ditylumbrightwellii
Ditylum sp.
27
Lyrellaceae
Lyrellales
Helicotheca
Helicothecatamesa
Lithodesmium
Lithodesmiumundulatum
Lyrella
Lyrellaatlantica
Lyrellaclavata
Lyrellahennedyi
Lyrellasp
28
Mastogloiaceae
Mastogloiales
Mastogloia
Mastogloiadecussata
47
SN
Family
Order
Genus
Species
Mastogloiasp
29
Melosiraceae
Melosirales
Melosira
Melosiraarctica
Melosira distance
Melosiranummaloides
Melosirasp
30
Naviculaceae
Naviculales
Haslea
Hasleasp
Hasleawawrihae
Meuniera
Meunieramembranacea
Meunierasp
Navicula
Naviculabottinica
Naviculadelicatula
Naviculadistans
Naviculagranii
Naviculasp 1
Naviculasp 2
Naviculatransitrans
Naviculavanhoeffenii
Trachyneis
Trachyneisantillarium
Trachyneisaspera
31
Nostocaceae
Nostocales
Aphanizomenon
Aphanizomenonsp
Nodularia
Nodulariasp
32
Oscillatoriaceae
Oscillatoriales
Oscillatoria
Oscillatoriasp
33
Paraliaceae
Paraliales
Paralia
Paraliasulcata
34
Plagiotropidaceae
Naviculales
Manguinea
Manguineafusiformis
35
Pleurosigmataceae
Naviculales
Gyrosigma
Gyrosigmadiminatum
Pleurosigma
Pleurosigma cf. elongatum
Pleurosigmaclongata
Pleurosigmadirectum
Pleurosigma diverse-striatum
Pleurosigmaformosum
Pleurosigmajalcatum
48
SN
Family
Order
Genus
Species
Pleurosigmanormanii
Pleurosigmasimonsenii
36
Prorocentraceae
Prorocentrales
Prorocentrum
Prorocentrumbalticum
Prorocentrumcompressum
Prorocentrummicans
Prorocentrumnicano
Prorocentrumsp
37
Protoperidiniaceae
Peridiniales
Protoperidinium
Protoperidiniumdivergens
Protoperidiniumgrande
Protoperidiniumgrande
Protoperidiniumsp
38
Rhizosoleniaceae
Rhizosoleniales
Dactyliosolen
Dactyliosolenfragilissimus
Guinardia
Guinardiadelicatula
Guinardiaflaccida
Guinardiasp
Guinardiastriata
Rhizosolenia
Rhizosoleniaalata
Rhizosolenia cf. pungens
Rhizosoleniafallax
Rhizosoleniaformosa
Rhizosoleniahebetata
Rhizosoleniaimbricata
Rhizosoleniaostenfeldii
Rhizosoleniasetigera
Rhizosoleniashrubsolei
Rhizosoleniasp
Rhizosoleniastraita
Rhizosoleniastyliformis
39
Rivulariaceae
Nostocales
Rivulariasp
Rivulariasp
40
Scenedesmoidea
Sphaeropleales
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmussp
41
Selenastraceae
Sphaeropleales
Akinstrodesmus
Akinstrodesmussp
49
SN
42
Family
Skeletonemataceae
Order
Thalassiosirales
Genus
Skeletonema
Species
Skeletonemacostatum
Skeletonemasp
43
Spirulinaceae
Chroococcales
Spirulina
Spirulinameneghiniana
Spirulinasp
44
Striatellaceae
Striatellales
Straitella
Straitellasp
Striatellaunipunctata
Grammatophora
Grammatophoraoceanica
Grammatophora marina
45
Stephanodiscaceae
Thalassiosirales
Cyclotella
Cyclotellasp
Cyclotellastriata
46
Stephanopyxidaceae
Melosirales
Lioloma
Liolomasp
Stephanopyxis
Stephanopyxisnipponica
Stephanopyxisturris
47
Surirelloids
Entomoneis
Entomoneissp
Entomoneissulcata
48
Surirellaceae
Surirellales
Surirella
Surirellafastuosa
49
Thalassionemataceae
Thalassionematales
Thalassionema
Thalassionemabacillare
Thalassionemanitzschiodes
Thalassionemasp
50
Thalassiosiraceae
Thalassiosirales
Thalassiothrix
Thalassiothrixlongissima
Planktoniella
Planktoniellablanda
Thalassiosira
Thalassioserapunctigera
Thalassiosiraeccentrica
Thalassiosiraoceanica
Thalassiosiraoestrupii var.
venrickae
Thalassiosiraporoseriata
Thalassiosirasp
51
Tribonemataceae
Tribonematales
Tribonema
Tribonemamicrospora
52
Triceratiaceae
Triceratiales
Triceratium
Triceratiumalternans
Triceratium cf. broeckii
Odontella
Odontellaaurita
50
SN
Family
Order
Genus
Species
Odontellamobiliensis
Odontellaregia
Odontellasinensis
Odontellasp
Odontellaweiliensis
Odontellaweistiogil
Odontellawessiflogi
53
Zygnemataceae
Zygnematales
Mougeotia
Mougeotiasp
Spirogyra
Spirogyra sp
Cyperis
Cyperis sp
Donkinia
Donkinia sp
Oprphyra
Oprphyra sp
Pyrocystispseudoncitula
Steromaphulussp
Tabelleus sp.
Ulothrixaugulis
Planktonemasp
Hemiaulussp
Lauderiaannulata
51
Table-2.8: List of Recorded species of Zooplankton
Sr. No.
Family
Order
Genus
Species
1
Archaeobalanidae Sessilia
2
Caligidae
Siphonostomatoida
Caligus
Caligus elongatum
3
Brachionidae
Ploima
Brachionus
Branchionous sp
4
Calanidae
Semibalanus balanoides
Calanoida
Copepod sp
Copepode nauplius
Crustacean nauplius larvae
Crustacean nupulli
Crustacean larvae
Caloniod copepod
Nupulious larvae
5
Codonellidae
Choreotrichida
Tintinnopsis
Tintinnopsis
Cyclopidae
Cyclopoida
Cyclops
Cyclopes sp
Macrocyclops
Macrocyclops fuscus
7
Daphniidae
Cladocera
Daphnia
Daphnia
8
Diaptomidae
Calanoida
Diaptomus
Diaptomus minutus
Ectinosomatidae
Harpacticoida
Microsetella
Microstella sp
10
Eucalanidae
Calanoida
Eucalanus
Eucalanus elongatus
11
Euchaetidae
Calanoida
Euchaeta
Euchaeta indica wolfenden
Harpacticoida
Herpactocoid
Herpactocoid copepod
Herpactocoid
Harpacticoid
Tigriopus
Tigriopus sp
Lecane sp
6
9
12
Harpacticidae
13
Harpacticoida
Microstella stepanil
Lecanidae
Ploima
Lecane
Longipediidae
Harpacticoida
Longipedia
15
Miraciidae
Harpacticoida
Distioculus
Miraciidae
16
Oweniidae
Oweniida
Owenia
Owenia fusiformis
17
Portunidae
Decapoda
Portunus
Portunus pelagicus
14
18
Scolecitrichidae
Calanoida
Longipedia calus
Longipedia sp
Scolecithriella Scolecithriella sp
Scolecithrix
Scolecithrix sp
52
Sr. No.
Family
Order
Genus
Species
19
Temoridae
Calanoida
Epischura
Epischiria lacustris
20
Thecostraca
Maxillopoda
Cirripedia
Barnecle (Larvae)
21
Tintinnidae
Choreotrichida
Tintinnida
Tintinnida sp
22
Veneridae
Veneroida
Paphia
Paphia
23
Xolalgidae
Monophragmophora
24
Xystonellidae
Choreotrichida
Bivalva veligar
Parafavella
Parafavella
Bivalva veligar
Bivalve (Larvae)
Chaetognatha sp
Cyclopoid copepod
Cyclopoid sp
Forminiferan
Molluscus larva
Nemetoda sp.
Rotifer sp
Trochophora polychate larvae
Veliger (Larvae)
Note: 9 months samples for planktons are yet to be analyzed.
53
Chapter – 3
Survey of Coastal Flora of Gulf of Kachchh
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Coastal areas are influenced by tidal action up to 500 m from High Tide Line (HTL) and
the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the HTL has been declared as Coastal
Regulation Zone (CRZ). For conservation significance of coral reefs and mangroves
ecosystem in the Gulf of Kachchh, the southern part of the Gulf of Kachchh along with
42 islands was declared as Marine Sanctuary in 1980, which expanded about 45793ha in
1982 and to provide total protection to the islands henceforth some of the sanctuary
area which notified as Marine National Park. Gulf of Kachchh is the north western part
of the Indian coast, which extended to a length of approx 170 km covering an area of
around 7350 km2 (Singh H. S. 2003).
The GoK is one of the few coastal zones in the world having rich marine biodiversity.
Mangroves cover of the Gulf is the second largest after Sundarbans’ mangroves in the
mainland of India. From high tide line towards the landwards side, coastal vegetation
contributes different valuable functions to the environment as well as in ecosystem and
it provides protection against erosion in the coastal areas caused by natural hazards.
3.2 STUDY AREA
The Gulf of Kachchh (Okha to AbdasaTaluka coast including islands) and the study area
has been categorizes into three zone based on the district boundaries i.e. Jamnagar,
Rajkot and Kachchh.
3.3 BACKGROUND (up to 5th Interim)
Floristic exploration of coastal areas of the GoK was done in between October 2011 to
February 2014 and total 102 transects were laid from Okha coast to Suthari village for
enumeration of trees-shrubs and 173 transects for herbaceous vegetation. A total of
102 transect in the Coastal area, total 1650 quadrates of 5×5 m. for trees-shrub
population and total 3460 quadrates (1×1 mt2) were laid for herbaceous vegetation of
the Gulf of Kachchh.
For Seaweed diversity, total 22 site of intertidal areas southern part in the GoK were
explored in 2013-14, where, total 116 transects (879 quadrates - 1X1m2) were laid for
diversity, density cover of seaweeds.
Survey of Costal Flora of GoK
For study of natural regeneration of mangroves and its associates, total 5 sites were
explored in the GoK. This interim period total 26 quadrates were laid covering area of
0.155ha in the Mangroves forest in the GoK.
Previous outcomes:

Total 229 Angiosperm, one Gymnosperm and one Pteridophyte species were
recorded belonging to 162 Genera and 60 Families. In the Angiosperm diversity, the
ratio of Monocots to Dicots was 1:11.2 Families, 1: 9.17 Genera and 1:7.80 Species.
Poaceae was the largest family from the Monocotyledons (12 species) whereas
Fabaceae is the largest family among the Dicotyledons(17species and 14 genera).

Total143 seaweeds species belonging to 75 Genera and 41 Families were recorded
from the studied sites. The ratio of Family to Genera and Species was 1:1.8:3.53.
Division wise species diversity accounted as 73 Rhodophyta, 42 Chlorophyta and 30
Phaeophyta.
3.4. OBJECTIVES
1. To survey and prepare inventory of the coastal floral diversity in the coastal area
of Gujarat with special focus on GOK (including various islands)
2. To categorize the species in various floral groups such as halophytes (mangrove
and non mangroves) and non halophytes
3. To prepare a status report about the endemic, rare and endangered species.
4. To prepare maps showing major floral groups such as halophytes (mangrove and
non mangroves), non halophytes and other plant species showing dominant
species
5. To study the status of natural recruitment of mangrove and non mangrove species
on Gujarat coast with special focus on GOK
6. To categorize the floral diversity on Gujarat coast and Islands based upon species
dominance, abundance and richness etc.
7. To develop health indices for coastal flora in general and mangroves in particular.
56
3.5 WORK DONE FROM March to June’2014 (6th Interim)
In this period out of three 2 components were covered i.e. Seaweed diversity
and regeneration study of mangroves. Details of visited sites are mentioned
below (Table-3.1).
Table-3.1: Work done under the flora component from March 2014 to June 2014
SubComponents
Locations
Field days
Man Days
Seaweeds
Coastal areas of Okha and Shivrajpur
5
25
Mangroves
Lalpur- singhach, Dhani, Kalubhar KalyanpurPindara, Bhaidar, Noru, Mundeka, Chhad,
Bhainsbid, Jindra, Pirotan, Rojibet, Khijadiya.
31
121
Total
36
146
In the first round for the study of seaweed diversity, major reef areas (reef vegetation at
22 sites) in the Gulf have been explored, within that total 121 transacts (121) were laid.
3.6. STUDY AREA OF 6TH INTERIM REPORT (MARCH-JUNE’2014)
3.6.1. Seaweeds/Macro Marine Algae:
For the study of seaweed diversity the intertidal areas in the GoK were explored and for
the same two sites i.e. Okha and Shivrajpur were explored during this time period. Total
5 transects, within that 29 quadrates (size of the quadrate- 1X1 sq. m.) were laid for %
cover of seaweeds in the intertidal areas (Table-3.2).
Table-3.2 Distribution of Seaweeds enumeration transacts and quadrates in GoK and
its Islands
District
Devbhumi
Dwarka
Sampling Site
Total studied
No. of transects
No. of quadrates
Okha coast
2
15
0.0015
Tiger Point
2
14
0.0014
Shivrajpur reef
Total
Area (in ha)
Potential area search
4
29
0.0029
57
3.6.2. Mangroves regeneration:For the study of natural regeneration of mangroves, total 18 sites were explored during
this time period. For which total 228 plots (5X5 m) were laid within that total 670
quadrates (size of the quadrate- 1X1 sq. m.) were laid to study the natural regeneration
of mangrove species. Table-3.3.
Table-3.3 Distribution of transacts-quadrates for natural regeneration of mangroves in
the GoK
District
Devbhumi
Dwarka
Jamnagar
Islands
Total
Sampling Sites
No. of Plots
(5X5 m.)
No. of
quadrates
(1X1 m)
Area studied
(in ha.)
Chudeswar
12
60
0.0060
Salaya
8
38
0.0038
Pindara
10
50
0.0050
Sikka
5
25
0.0025
Rasulnagar
5
25
0.0025
Sarmat
5
25
0.0025
Dinchada
5
25
0.0025
Nava Bandar
5
25
0.0025
Singhach-Lalpur
10
50
0.0050
Khijadiya
10
50
0.0050
Sachana
10
50
0.0050
Dhani
5
25
0.0025
Kalubhar
10
50
0.0050
Bhaidar
5
25
0.0025
Noru
5
25
0.0025
Mundeka
10
50
0.0050
Bhains Bid
5
25
0.0025
Pirotan
5
25
0.0025
Chhad
10
50
0.0050
Roji Beyt
5
25
0.0025
Jindra
5
25
0.0025
228
670
0.0325
58
3.7 METHODOLOGY (COASTAL FLORA, SEAWEEDS & MANGROVES)
3.7.1. Coastal terrestrial flora: Described in the earlier interim reports.
3.7.2 Seaweeds: It was mentioned in Fourth interim report and same methods are being
applied for this component.
3.7.2.1 Analysis: % of algal cover on the reef area in the GoK was carried out through
analysing the data and the following calculation formula is used:
% Cover =Total area covered by species / Total area sampled
3.7.3. Mangroves regeneration:
3.7.3.1. Sampling:
The coastal areas of the GoK, falls under four districts i.e. Devbhumi Dwarka, Jamnagar,
Rajkot and Kachchh. For study of Mangroves the intertidal areas of the GoK including
islands were considered.
Total mangroves cover in the study areas was taken from maps prepared using GIS
applications. The following steps were applied.
1. Total Mangrove cover in the GoK –approx.399 sq. km (Okhamandal taluka to
Mundra taluka). ()
2. 1 sq. km. area will be selected randomly from each 5 sq. km area i.e. 80 sq. km.
area will be selected.
3. 5 plots (1 plot=5×5 sq. mt) will be laid randomly in each 1 sq. km. area i.e. 80 x 5
= 400 plots will be laid
4. 5 quadrates (size=1×1 sq. mt) will be laid within the main Plot (5×5 sq. m.).(4
quadrates will be laid at 4 corners and 1 at centre of each plot)
5. Therefore, total 2000 (400*5) quadrates are to be laid.
3.7.3.2. Criteria for the differentiation of Seedling and saplings of different species.
In that respect considering average length of propagules (Tomlinson, 2004), following
regeneration categories has been considered.
59
Name of the
species
Propagules
length
Seedling
length
Avicennia
marina
One seeded
fruit and seed
Rhizophora
mucronata
Sapling length
Girth Diameter
Up-to 50 cm.
Above 50 cm. to
1.5 mt.
Up to 10cm
15 cm.
Up-to 50 cm.
Above 50 cm. to
1.5 mt.
Ceriops tagal
15 cm.
Up-to 50 cm.
Above 50 cm. to
1.5 mt.
Aegiceras
corniculata
5cm
Up-to 50 cm.
Above 50 cm. to
1.5 mt.
3.7.5. Documentation:
Photo documentation and Herbarium documentation of all the three components was
done. Photo documentation has done by Canon Mark 3 Digital SLR Camera as well as
macro algal species specimen are collected in the field and the specimen have been
preserved and pasted on herbarium sheets as per the standard method.
3.8 RESULTS
For the study of floral
3.8.1 Coastal Terrestrial Flora:
3.8.1.1. Over view of vegetation: The coastal areas were found predominantly covered
with shrubby vegetation and herbaceous species including grasses. Shrubby vegetation
was mostly composed with thorny species such as Prosopis chilensis, Acacia senegal,
Acacia nilotica, Cassia auriculata, Calotropis procera, Zizyphus nummularia, Salvadora
persica and Capparisdecidua. Moreover, the vegetation covered with climber species
such as Asparagus racemosus, A. dumosus and etc, and the ground cover was composed
with herbaceous vegetationsuch as Boerhavia diffusa, Lepidagathistrinervis, Urochondra
setulosa, Suaeda fruticosa, Vernonia cinerea, Fimbristyliscymbaria, Citrulluscolocynthis,
Halopyrummucronatum, Peristophebicalyculata, Fagoniacretica, Suaeda maritime and
Phyllanthus niruri.
60
3.8.1.2 Qualitative studies

Till date, total 243 Angiosperm and 1 Gymnosperm and a Pteridophyte species
belonging to 181 Genera and 68 Families have been recorded (Table-3.4). Habit wise
distribution of angiosperms is illustrated in Fig.-3.1. The Checklist of Coastal plants is
given separately in Annexure-3.1.

In present study out of the total 243 coastal Angiosperms, 24 halophytes have been
found in Inthe coastal region. In the Monograph of Indian Halophytes, Dr. A. J. Joshi
has reported 35 halophytes from Gujarat out of that 23 halophytes have been
reported in the study. Zygophyllum simplex is the addition in the species reported by
the Dr. Joshi.

Angiosperm plant diversity includes 215 Dicot and 28 Monocot species (Figure no.3.
2).

The ratio of Monocots to Dicots was 1:10 Families, 1: 6.7 Genera and 1: 7.7 Species.
(Fig.-3.2).

The ratio of Family to Genera and Species was 1: 2.6: 3.6.

Distribution of subclasses, Polypetalae to Gamopetalae to Monochlamydae was
1:0.75:0.35 and in the subclass, Polypetalae distribution of groups Thalamiflorae to
Disciflorae to Calyciflorae was 1:0.45:1.87 (Fig.-3.3).
 Poaceae is the largest family in the Monocotyledons (14 species) whereas Fabaceae
is the largest family among the Dicotyledons (22 species and 15 Genera). (Table-3.5
and Table-3.6).
Table-3.4 Floral richness till now recorded in the area of GoK
Family
Genera
Species
Dicotyledons
60
157
215
Monocotyledons
6
23
28
B. Gymnosperm
1
1
1
C. Pteridophyte
1
1
1
Total
68
182
245
A. Angiosperm
61
Table-3.5 Numbers of Angiosperm families- Genus-Species recorded between
November-2011 to June-2014 in the GoK Coast
S.N.
Family
No. of
Genera
No. of
Species
S.N.
Family
No. of
Genera
No. of
Species
1
FABACEAE
15
22
34
SCROPHULARIACEAE
1
2
2
CONVOLVULACEAE
6
15
35
PEDALIACEAE
2
2
3
POACEAE
14
14
36
VERBENACEAE
2
2
4
ASTERACEAE
13
14
37
NYCTAGINACEAE
1
2
5
EUPHORBIACEAE
6
12
38
MORACEAE
1
2
6
MALVACEAE
7
10
39
NYMPHACEAE
1
1
7
CAESALPINIACEAE
4
9
40
PAPAVERACEAE
1
1
8
MIMOSACEAE
5
9
41
VIOLACEAE
1
1
9
ACANTHACEAE
5
8
42
PORTULACACEAE
1
1
10
AMARANTHACEAE
7
8
43
BALANITACEAE
1
1
11
CUCURBITACEAE
6
7
44
BURSERACEAE
1
1
12
TILIACEAE.
3
6
45
CELASTRACEAE
1
1
13
ASCLEPIADACEAE
4
6
46
RHAMNACEAE
1
1
14
BORAGINACEAE
4
6
47
VITACEAE
1
1
15
CHENOPODIACEAE
5
6
48
SAPINDACEAE
1
1
16
LAMIACEAE
4
5
49
MORINGACEAE
1
1
17
SOLANACEAE
3
4
50
COMBRETACEA
1
1
18
CYPERACEAE
2
4
51
CACTACEAE
1
1
19
CAPPARACEAE
3
3
52
MOLLUGINACEAE
1
1
20
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
2
3
53
RUBIACEAE
1
1
21
TAMARICACEAE.
1
3
54
PLUMBAGINACEAE
1
1
22
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
3
3
55
MYRSINACEAE.
1
1
23
AIZOACEAE
2
3
56
SAPOTACEAE
1
1
24
UMBELLIFERAE
3
3
57
PERIPLOCACEAE
1
1
25
APOCYNACEAE
3
3
58
GENTIANACEAE.
1
1
26
LILIACEAE
2
3
59
EHRETIACEAE
1
1
27
COMMELINACEAE
1
3
60
ORBANCHACEAE
1
1
28
ARACACEAE
3
3
61
AVICENNIACEAE
1
1
62
S.N.
Family
No. of
Genera
No. of
Species
S.N.
Family
No. of
Genera
No. of
Species
29
MENISPERMACEAE
2
2
62
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
1
1
30
RUTACEAE
2
2
63
POLYGALACEAE
1
1
31
MELIACEAE
2
2
64
POLYGONACEAE
1
1
32
RHIZOPHORACEAE
2
2
65
CASUARINACEAE
1
1
33
SALVADORACEAE
1
2
66
RUPPIACEAE
1
1
180
243
Total
Table-3.6 Terrestrial Coastal Angiosperm Genera recorded between November-2011
to June-2014 in the GoK Coast
SN
Genera
No. of Species
SN
Genera
No. ofSpecies
1
Ipomea
7
91
Dichoma
1
2
Cassia
6
92
Digera
1
3
Euphorbia
6
93
Echinops
1
4
Acacia
4
94
Eclipta
1
5
Alysicarpus
3
95
Enicostema
1
6
Blepharis
4
96
Eragrostis
1
7
Commelina
3
97
Evolvulus
1
8
Convolvulus
3
98
Fagonia
1
9
Corchorus
3
99
Fimbristylis
1
10
Crotalaria
3
100
Glinus
1
11
Cyperus
3
101
Goniogyna
1
12
Heliotropium
3
102
Gossypium
1
13
Indigofera
3
103
Halopyrum
1
14
Tamarix
3
104
Helianthus
1
15
Abutilon
2
105
Helichrysum
1
16
Aerva
2
106
Hewittia
1
17
Asparagus
2
107
Hyphnea
1
18
Boerhavia
2
108
Hyptis
1
19
Calotropis
2
109
Lepidagathis
1
20
Cucumis
2
110
Leucaena
1
63
SN
Genera
No. of Species
SN
Genera
No. ofSpecies
21
Ficus
2
111
Limonia
1
22
Grewia
2
112
Limonium
1
23
Hibiscus
2
113
Lotus
1
24
Launaea
2
114
Manilkara
1
25
Leptadenia
2
115
Maytenus
1
26
Leucas
2
116
Melia
1
27
Merremia
2
117
Mimosa
1
28
Phyllanthus
2
118
Momordica
1
29
Polycarpaea
2
119
Moringa
1
30
Prosopis
2
120
Mukia
1
31
Salvadora
2
121
Nerium
1
32
Sida
2
122
Nymphaea
1
33
Solanum
2
123
Ocimum
1
34
Striga
2
124
Oldenlandia
1
35
Suaeda
2
125
Opuntia
1
36
Tephrosia
2
126
Parkinsonia
1
37
Trianthema
2
127
Parthenium
1
38
Abelmoschus
1
128
Pedalium
1
39
Acanthospermum
1
129
Peltophorum
1
40
Achyranthes
1
130
Pentatropis
1
41
Aegiceras
1
131
Pergularia
1
42
Aegle
1
132
Periploca
1
43
Aeluropus
1
133
Peristrophe
1
44
Aloe
1
134
Phoenix
1
45
Alternanthera
1
135
Phyla
1
46
Amaranthus
1
136
Physalis
1
47
Arachis
1
137
Pithecellobium
1
48
Argemone
1
138
Polygala
1
49
Aristida
1
139
Polygonum
1
50
Aristolochia
1
140
Portulaca
1
64
SN
Genera
No. of Species
SN
Genera
No. ofSpecies
51
Arthrocnemum
1
141
Pulicaria
1
52
Artiplex
1
142
Pupalia
1
53
Avicennia
1
143
Rhizophora
1
54
Azadirachta
1
144
Rhynchosia
1
55
Balanites
1
145
Rungia
1
56
Barleria
1
146
Ruppia
1
57
Cadaba
1
147
Salicornia
1
58
Canavalia
1
148
Salvia
1
59
Capparis
1
149
Senra
1
60
Cardiospermum
1
150
Sericostoma
1
61
Casuarina
1
151
Sesamum
1
62
Catharanthus
1
152
Sesbania
1
63
Cayratia
1
153
Sesuvium
1
64
Celosia
1
154
Setaria
1
65
Cenchrus
1
155
Seteria
1
66
Ceriops
1
156
Sorghum
1
67
Chenopodium
1
157
Spergula
1
68
Chrozophora
1
158
Spilanthes
1
69
Cicer
1
159
Sporobolus
1
70
Cistanche
1
160
Tamarindus
1
71
Citrullus
1
161
Taverniera
1
72
Cleome
1
162
Terminalia
1
73
Clerodendrum
1
163
Thespesia
1
74
Clitoria
1
164
Thevetia
1
75
Coccinia
1
165
Tinospora
1
76
Cocos
1
166
Trachyspermum
1
77
Coculus
1
167
Tragia
1
78
Coldenia
1
168
Tragus
1
79
Commiphora
1
169
Tribulus
1
80
Corallocarpus
1
170
Trichodesma
1
65
SN
Genera
No. of Species
SN
Genera
No. ofSpecies
81
Cordia
1
171
Tridax
1
82
Cressa
1
172
Triumfetta
1
83
Croton
1
173
Urochondra
1
84
Cuminum
1
174
Vernonia
1
85
Cymbopogon
1
175
Vigna
1
86
Cynodon
1
176
Viola
1
87
Dalechampia
1
177
Xanthium
1
88
Datura
1
178
Zizyphus
1
89
Daucus
1
179
Zygophyllum
1
90
Desmostachya
1
180
Zornia
1
Total
243
Fig.-3.1 Habit distribution among Gymnosperm and Angiosperm
The Fig.-3.1 shows habit distribution of Gymnosperm and Angiosperm. Among
Angiosperm, herbs were maximum, (54%) represented by 131 species. It is followed by
trees, climbers, shrubs, under-shrubs, grasses and sedges 33, 28, 24, 9, 14, 4, species
respectively.
66
Fig.-3.2 Floristic diversity of monocot and dicotyledonous plants
The Fig.-3.2 shows floristic diversity of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants
found in the present study. Monocot includes 28 species belonging to 23genera and 6
families, whereas dicot includes 60 families, 157 genera and 215 species.
Fig.-3.3 Distribution of classes and groups within Angiosperms
Among the different classes of Angiosperm, species belonging Polypetalae are maximum
(43%) represented by 104 species followed by Gamopetalae, Monochlamyde and
Monocotyledon 78, 33 and 28 species respectively.
67
3.8.2. SEAWEEDS:
3.8.2.1 Species inventory list:
Seaweeds (Microalgae) species recorded from intertidal areas, reefs/islands of Jamnagar
coast and the checklist is given in Annexure-3.2. Total, 153 species of seaweeds have
been recorded which are belonging three major groups i.e. Chlorophyta (Green algae),
Pheophyta(Brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae). The most common species of
Chlorophyta are Ulvalactuca, Ulvareticulata, Monostroma latissima, Enteromorpha
compressa,
Acrosiphoniaorientalis,
Chaetomorphacressa,
Valoniautricularis,
Caulerpamicrophysa, Caulerparacemosa, Caulerpasertulariodes, Halimida tuna,
Udoteaindica. The most common species of Pheophyta are Dictyotaciliota,
Padinatetrastromatica, Iyengariastellata, Cystoseriaindica, Sargassum sp. The most
common species of Rhodophyta are Halymeniavenusta, Hypnea sp., Digerea simplex,
Gracilariacorticataetc.
3.8.2.2. Quantitative and qualitative studies:
Total 153 macro algal species belonging to 82 Genera and 46 Families was recorded in
the present study. The ratio of Family to Genera and Species 1:1.7:3.33 was observed.
Diversity of Seaweeds species accounts as 80Rhodophyta, 43Chlorophyta and 30
Phaeophyta.

Till date, total 153 macro algal species belonging to 82 Genera and 46 Families have
been recorded in the wild condition. Checklist of plant is given separately in
Annexure- 3.2.

Maximum numbers of species of seaweeds were recorded from Panero island and
the lowest form the Jindra. Figure no. 3.5

The ratio of Family to Genera and Species is 1:1.7:3.33.

Seaweeds species diversity accounts as 80 Rhodophyta, 43 Chlorophyta and 30
Phaeophyta (Fig.-3.4).

The ratio of Phaeophyta to Chlorophyta to Rhodophyta of family, genera and species
is given below:1 : 2.2 : 4.5, for Families, 1:1.1:2.7 for Genera, 1:1.4:2.7 for Species.

Percentage cover of 3 divisions are given in the Fig.-3.6, 3.7 and3.8

Details of species reported in this study and in previous study is given in the
Annexure 2.
68
Fig. 3.4 Division wise species diversity of seaweeds
In the study of seaweed diversity maximum numbers of species (80) were of
Rhodophyta division followed by Chlorophyta (43) and Phaeophyta (30) Fig.-3.4.
Fig.-3.5 Site Wise species richness of seaweeds
69
Fig-3.5 shows site wise species richness of seaweeds. Maximum richness was observed
in Panero island (47 species), followed by Okha, Gandiya-Kado, Boria with 39, 37 and 33
species respectively. Lowest species richness (6 species) was found at Jindra island.
Fig.-3.6 Chlorophyta % coverage /sq. mt
Maximum percentage cover of Chlorophyta was observed in Narara (71.18 % cover/sq.
mt.), followed by Paga ( 52.07 %cover/sq. mt.) and KPT Jetty ( 50.84 %cover/sq. mt.).
Lowest percentage cover was observed at Beyt (0.02 %cover/sq. mt.) (Fig.-3.6).
Fig.-3.7 Phaeophyta % coverage /sq. mt
70
The Fig.-3.7 shows, percentage cover/sq. mt in Phaeophyta. Maximum percentage cover
of Phaeophyta was observed at Lakhu (33 % cover/sq. mt.), followed by Panero (25.39 %
cover/sq. mt.) and Dwarka (25.32 %cover/sq. mt.). The lowest was observed at Beyt
(0.13 %cover/sq. mt.)
Fig.-3.8 Rhodophta % coverage /sq. mt
The Fig.-3.8 shows, percentage cover/sq. mt in Rhodophyta. Maximum percentage
cover of Rhodophyta was observed at Khimrakhat (26.32 % cover/sq. mt.), followed by
Chhad (22.12 % cover/sq. mt.) and Dedeka (8.63% cover/sq. mt.). Lowest percentage
cover was observed in Gandhiyo Kado (0.02 %cover/sq. mt.)
3.8.3. Natural regeneration of Mangroves:
Coastal areas of Okhamandal to Jamnagar Taluka have been surveyed for the study of
natural regeneration of mangroves. As per the secondary information, total 14
mangrove species recorded in Gujarat whereas four species viz. Avicennia marina,
Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum are found in the
present survey to date. Also, Mangroves associates were found viz. Sueda nudiflora,
Sessuvium portulacastrum, Salicornia brachiata, Arthocnemum indicum Cressa cretica
and etc.
3.8.3.1 Quantitative and qualitative studies
Natural regeneration of four mangroves species was encountered in the surveyed area
of the GoK. All the four species natural regeneration recorded at Jamnagar and
Khambhaliya Taluka whereas A. marinawas the only species noted in three Taluka i.e.
Kalyanpur, Lalpur and Okhamandal
71
A. marina was found to be dominant in density of seedlings (20 /m2) at Lalpur Taluka
followed by Okhamandal Taluka (18 seedlings m-2),Kalyanpur Taluka (15 seedlings m-2),
and Khambaliya Taluka (11 seedlings m-2) whereas in Jamnagar taluka was found to have
lowest density of seedling (4 seedlings m-2). Density of remaining three species was
higher in Jamnagar Taluka compare to Khambhaliya. Sapling density of A. marina was
highest in Okhamandal (5/m2) followed by lalpur (4/m2), Kalyanpur (3/m2), Khambhaliya
(2/m2) and Jamnagar (1.7/m2). (Table-3.7)
Seedlings abundance of A. marina was found to be dominant in Taluka - Okhamandal
and minimum was in Jamnagar. Sapling abundance was highest in Taluka - Okhamandal
and minimum in Kalyanpur (Table-3.8). The frequency of occurrence of A. marina was
highest compare to other mangroves species.
Details of natural regeneration of mangroves (density, abundance and frequency) are
given in Table-3.9 and Taluka wise recruits of mangroves are given in the Fig.-3.9 and
Fig.-3.13.
Table-3.7. Density of seedlings and saplings of mangroves in the studied Taluka
Density
Jamnagar
Species SDG SPG
AC
0.09 0.00
AM
Kalyanpur
SDG
SPG
0
Khambhaliya
SDG
SPG
0 0.004 0.004
Lalpur
SDG
Okhamandal
SPG
0
SDG
SPG
0
0
0
3.65 1.74 15.22 2.60 11.17
1.90 20.08 4.38
17.75
5.34
CT
0.55 0.10
0
0
0.12
0.09
0
0
0
0
RM
0.02 0.02
0
0
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
0
72
Table-3.8. Abundance of seedlings and saplings of mangroves in the studied Taluka
Abundance Jamnagar
Kalyanpur Khambhaliya Lalpur
Species
SDG SPG SDG
SDG SPG
AC
3.8
AM
2.125
SPG
Okhamandal
SDG SPG SDG
0
0
1
1
8.6
3.3 16.5
3.1
17.8
CT
8.8
2.7
0
0
2.6
2
RM
1.1
1.3
0
0
1
1.3
SPG
0
0
0
0
3.4 20.5
4.7
23
6.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table-3.9. % of Frequency – seedlings (SDG) and saplings (SPG) of mangroves in
studyarea
Species
AC
AM
CT
RM
Jamnagar
Kalyanpur Khambhaliya
Lalpur
Okhamandal
SDG SPG
SDG SPG SDG SPG
SDG SPG SDG SPG
2.26 1.51
0
0 0.38 0.38
0
0
0
0
42.64 52.08
92
84 62.84 56.32
98
94 77.36 77.36
6.23 3.77
0
0
4.6
4.6
0
0
0
0
1.51 1.51
0
0 0.77 1.53
0
0
0
0
Fig.-3.9 Mangrove regeneration of Jamnagar Taluka
In the Jamnagar Taluka regeneration of four mangrove species was observed among
them the highest density, frequency and abundance was of A. marina (AM), followed by
Ceriops tagal (CT) and Aegiceras corniculatim (AC) and Rhizophora mucronata (RM).
Density of three species i.e. AC, CT and RM was very negligible compare to the entire
area studied but wherever it was present there the density (Abundance) was
accountable. (Fig-3.9)
73
Fig.-3.10 Mangrove regeneration of Kalyanpur Taluka
In the Kalyanpur Taluka regeneration of only A. marina (AM) was found and for the same
density frequency and abundance is represented in Fig.-3.10.
Fig.-3.11 Mangrove reneration of Khambhaliya Taluka
In the Khambhaliy Taluka regeneration of four mangrove species was observed among
them the highest density, frequency and abundance was of A. marina (AM), followed by
Ceriops tagal (CT) and Rhizophora mucronata (RM) Aegiceras corniculatim (AC). Density
of species other than A. marina was very negligible compare to the entire area studied
but wherever it was present there the density (Abundance) was accountable. (Fig.-3.11)
74
Fig.-3.12 Mangrove reneration of Lalpur Taluka
In the Lalpur Taluka regeneration of only A. marina (AM) was found and for the same
density frequency and abundance is represented in Fig.-3.12.
No./Sq. mt.
Fig.-3.13 Mangrove reneration of Okhamandal Taluka
In the Okhamandal Taluka regeneration of only A. marina (AM) was found and for the
same density frequency and abundance is represented in Fig.-3.13.
75
Chapter –4
Marine and Coastal Fauna of Gulf of Kachchh
4.1 BACKGROUND
Benchmark information of marine fauna of Gulf of Kachchh is one of the research
activities under the component B “Generating information about biophysical status of
the intertidal areas and to develop benchmark information about the floral and faunal
diversity in the Gulf of Kachchh”. The activity includes following objectives:
1) To prepare an inventory of faunal diversity of Gulf of Kachchh (of selected taxa)
2) To find out species abundance of major species (of selected taxa)
3) To prepare a status report about the endemic and threatened species.
Total seven groups have been selected for above mentioned objectives under the
project i.e. Corals, Molluscs, Crustaceans, Pisces, Herpetofauna, Aves and Mammalia.
4.2 PRESENT INTERIM REPORT (6thINTERIM REPORT)
Total five interim reports have been prepared and submitted to the SPMU-Gujarat so far
viz.
1. First report (Oct-November‘11);
2. Second report (Dec’11 to Mar’12);
3. Third report (July’11 to Nov’12);
4. Fourth report (Dec’12 to May’13) and;
5. Fifth report (June’13 to Dec’13).
Earlier reports dealt with the progress made in the faunal research tillDecember 2013 in
respective durations. The present interim report covers the faunal work done till end of
June’14. Here, study area and methodology part are excluded from this report. The
details of the findings and work done of each group are given below:
Marine and Coastal Fauna of GoK
4.3 PROGRESS UNDER FAUNA ACTIVITY TILLJUNE-2014
a. Invertebrates in the Gulf of Kachchh
4.3.1. Crustacean
Crustacean is a diverse group of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs,
prawns, shrimp, barnacles, and pill bugs etc. Unlike most other arthropods, there are
few species of crustaceans found on land or freshwater. The feeding habits of
crustaceans vary widely, including filter feeders, scavengers, and active predators.
Many crustaceans are consideredeconomically important to human because of their
large role in marine and terrestrial food chains. Because this group varies so widely in
size, they can fulfill many habitats within the water and on land. Many smaller
crustaceans have the ability to recycle nutrients as filter feeders, while larger
crustaceans can act as a food source for large aquatic mammals. Terrestrial crustaceans
also have ecological importance as decomposers of dead organisms.
4.3.1.1 Efforts made
The same efforts were made for all invertebrate taxa i.e. Crustacean, mollusc and
Corals. For qualitative and quantitative assessment, observations are being carried outin
intertidal area of total 46 locations in the GoK. The data collections carried out through
transect and quadrate based observation. Number of transects and length of transect
depends on the intertidal area of the location. As of now, out of 46 locationsfor the
study, 37 locations have been covered where 18 locations (once), 8 (twice), 7 (thrice)
and 4 (four times) visited till June’14. For species inventory, potential area search was
also carried out at studied sites.
4.3.1.2 Results and Discussions
i. Species richness
A total of 46 crustacean species belonging to 4 orders and 21 families were recorded
from the GoK (Annexure 4.1). Out of total, some of the species could be identified at
genus level. Some of the common crustaceans were not recorded in previous studies of
the Gulf of Kachchh i.e. Zoological Survey of India (2004) reported only 20 species,
Trivedi et al. (2012) reported 19 species, Jani& Mishra (2007) reported 41 species and
GEER (2004) mentioned 37 species of crustaceans. The present study mainly includes
Crabs, Lobsters, Crayfish, Shrimp, Krill and Barnacles in the taxa. The total recorded
species of which 32Crabs, 1Lobster, 6 Shrimp, 3Barnacles, 3 Prawns and 1 Squilla in the
study area.
78
ii. Island wise diversity and species composition
While assessing the diversity of the crustacean, it was observed that there were
variations in species diversity as well as composition among in differnect studied
intertidal areas of the Islands in the GoK. Maximum number of species (n≥20) was
recorded at Kalubhar Island, followed by Gandhiyo-Kado, Dhani, Pirotan and Dedeka
Mundeka. However, considering the density (m2), it was higher in Dwarka and Boria reef
(i.e. >0.06m2) whereas from the sutudied area, four reerfs areas shows lower density
(i.e. >0.01m2) at Vudakuda reef, Narara, Bhaider and Chank. In the contrary, some of the
islands has low species richness but higher in density such as Dwarka, Boria, Bhaisbid,
Khara-Mitha Chusna etc. However, remaining data collection for the crustacean may
change the present status.
25
15
20
19 18
20
15
11
10
22
No of species
24
23
16
13 12
0.08
Density
0.07
21
17
14
10
14
20
18
17
12
11
18
0.06
20 19
0.05
13
0.04
0.03
0.02
5
0.01
0.00
Ajad
Bet Dwarka
Bhaidar
Bhaisbid
Boria
Chank
Dedeka-Mundeka
Dhani
Dwarka
Gandhiya Kado
Goose
Kalubhar
Khara-Mitha chusna
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda reef
Shan ni Ani
0
Density individual/m2
Number of Species
30
Locations
Fig.-4.1: Island wise density and number of Crustacean species recorded till end of
June’14 in GoK
Similarity
Considering the occurrence of the species and its composition, Pirotan and Dhani islands
were found to be similar with each other i.e. 100%, likewise, Dedeka – Mundeka and
Bhaisbid were also found to be similar with each other i.e. 94.7% (Fig 4.2 and Annexure
4.2). The detailed similarity among the studied Islands till end of June’14 is given in Fig
4.2 and Annexure 4.2.
79
Fig.-4.2: Similarities among the Islands of GoK based on Species composition through
Bray-Curtis Similarity Measure (Crustaceans)
iii. Distribution of dominant species
Among all the species Etisus laevimanus and Portunus pelagicus were found to be more
abundant in the GoK with relative abundance 11.10% and 10.47%, respectively.
However, occurrence of Etisus laevimanus was 84% whereas the occurrence of Portunus
pelagicus 100% till June’14. In contrary, Oratosquilla nepa, Atergatis integerrimus and
Clibanarius humilis were also widely distributed with occurrence of 96%, 92% and 92%
respectively, but their relative abundance was 5.9%, 2.5% and 5.3% respectively.
Therefore, Portunus pelagicuscan be considered as widely distributed and abundant
species in the GoK. However, further observations would change the scenario of
crustaceans in the GoK.
4.3.2. Molluscs
Molluscs is diverse group includesdifferent classes such as Gastropoda, Bivalvia,
Cephalopoda,Polyplacophora,Monoplacophores and Scaphopoda. They are widespread
and abundant in marine,freshwater and terrestrial habitats.Many Molluscs are
considered economically important as human’s foods,sources of pearls and other shell
materials,some serve asintermediate hosts for human parasites,some can cause damage
to cropsbecause of their large role in marine and terrestrial food chains.
80
The same efforts were made for all invertebrate taxa i.e. Crustacean, Mollusc and Corals
which is mentioned in the crustacean section.
i. Species richness
A total of 147Molluscs belonging to 20 orders and 59 families were recorded from the
GoK till June’14(Annexure 4.3). Some of the species could be identified at genus level. Of
the total recorded Molluscs there are 117 species of Gastropoda, 21 species of Bivalvia,
4 species of Cephalopoda, 3 species of Polyplacophora and 2 species Scaphopoda in the
GoK. Earlier, Venkataraman (2005) reported 350 Molluscs from Gulf of Kachchh.
Likewise, BNHS reported total about 563 Molluscs during various studies (BNHS, 2007;
2009; 2010).
While assessing the diversity of the Molluscs it was observed that there were variations
in the diversity and species composition of Molluscs among the Islands of the GoK.
Maximum species were recorded at Pirotan Island, followed by Kalubhar and Shan ni Ani
Islands. However, considering the density, it was higher in Ajad, Dwarka, Paga and
Shivrajpur. Some of the Island shows high species richness but low density such as
Pirotan, Vudakuda etc, in contrary, some of the islands has low species richness and
higher density such as Shivrajpur, Dwarka, Boria, Ajad etc. Remaining sites for data
collection will be covered in next season of the 2014.
35 33
25
24
18
35
34
28
26
23
32 33 33 30 33
0.10
0.09
34 34 36 0.08
0.07
28
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
Ajad
Bet…
Bhaidar
Bhaisbid
Boria
Chank
Dedeka-…
Dhani
Dwarka
Gandhiy…
Goose
Kalubhar
Khara-…
Khimara…
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shivrajp…
Sikka
VudaKu…
Shan ni…
Number of
Species
25
30 30 28
40
Density
44
Density
No of species
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Fig. 4.3: Island wise density and number of Mollusc species recorded till end of June’14
in GoK
81
Considering the occurrence of the species and its composition, Bet Dwraka and DedekaMundeka were found to be similar i.e. 89%, and likewise, Khara-Mitha Chusna andDhani
i.e. 88%. The detailed similarity table among the studied Islands is given in the Fig 4.4
and Annexure 4.4.
Bray-Curtis Similarity Measure (Mollusc)
Among the all species,Onchidium sp., Cerithium morus, Turbo intercostalisandTurbo
bruneuswere found to be more abundant in the GoK with their Relative Abundance
7.62%, 6.73%, 5.11% and 4.66%, respectively and frequency of occurrence 92%, 48%,
76% and 96% repectively. The highest occurrence was recored in Vasticardium flavum,
Turbo bruneus and Pollia undosa i.e. 96%, and relative abundance was 3.44%, 4.66% and
2.19%, respectively. Therefore, Turbo bruneuscan be considered as widely distributed
and abundant species in the GoK. However, further observations would change the
scenario of Molluscs in the GoK.
82
4.3.3. Corals
The same efforts were made for all invertebrate taxa i.e. Crustacean, mollusc and Corals
which is mentioned in the crustacean section.
i. Species richness
A total of 37coral species were recorded from the GoK, which belong to 3 orders and 15
families (Annexure 4.5) of which 31 hard corals and 6 soft corals. Out of total, some of
the species could be identified at genus or species level. Jani & Mishra (2007) has
mentioned 52 species, earlier, GEER (2004) reported 51 species, Venkataraman, (2005)
reported 36 species, Satyanarayana and Ramakrishna (2009) reported 49 species of
Hard Corals in Gulf of Kachchh.
25
20
15
22
19
16
12
No of species
24
23
24
12
13
16
18
13 14
17
15
10
10
0.60
Density
12
14
17 18
20
0.50
17
16 15
14
0.40
0.30
0.20
5
0.10
0
0.00
Ajad
Bet Dwarka
Bhaidar
Bhaisbid
Boria
Chank
Dedeka-…
Dhani
Dwarka
Gandhiya…
Goose
Kalubhar
Khara-…
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda…
Shan ni Ani
Number of Species
30
Locations
Fig. 4.5: Island wise density and number of Coral species recorded till June’14 in GoK
83
Density (Individual/M2)
Variation in species diversity and their composition of corals were recored in the
different reefs of the GoK. Maximum species were recorded at Lakhu and Boria reef,
followed by Kalubhar and Bhaidar. However, considering the density, it was higher in
Lakhu, Pashu and Kalubhar reefs. Some of the Island shows higher species richness but
low density such as Sikka reef, in contrary, some of the islands has low species richness
and higher density such as Pashu. However, the species richness and density is in
proportion.
Considering the occurrence of the species and its composition, Shan ni Ani and Ajad
islands were found to be similar with each other i.e. 97%, likewise, Sikka and Dwarka
were also found to be similar with each other i.e. 92.3% (Fig.-4.5 and Annexure-4.6).
The detailed similarity among the studied Islands till end of June’14 is given in Fig-4.5
and Annexure-4.6.
Bray-Curtis Similarity Measure (Coral)
Among all the speciesFavia favus, Porites compressa, Porites lutea, Pseudosiderastrea
tayami and Turbinaria peltatawere found to be most occurring in the GoK with relative
abundance 20.48%, 9.36%,8.74%, 11.69% and 1.51% respectively. Occurrence and
relative abundance reveals that Favia favusis widely distributed species as well as most
abundance in the GoK.
b. Vertebrates in Gulf of Kachchh
4.3.5. Herpetofaunal Profile in GoK
Reptiles and amphibians are collectively known as dHerpetofauna. Herpetofauna
constitutes essential biotic components of various ecosystems as they occupy a variety
of niches (e.g. arboreal, aquatic, terrestrial and fossorial) perform distinctive ecological
functions. They are also considered as bio-indicators of environment as they are
sensitive towards the minor change in environment. Reptiles play an important role as
primary, midlevel, and top consumers in an ecosystem which maintains the ecological
food chain in many ecosystems, their diet of insects and small rodents contribute to
control of these animals that are often thought of as pests in cropsand homes.
84
Of the 9,596 reptilian species and 4,600 amphibian species that are currently known to
inhabit the earth. Vyas (2007) stated that about 518 reptiles and 314 amphibiansare
found in India. Alexandar&Jayakumar (2014) mentioned that Indian reptiles consist of
about 500 taxa in numbers and according toMolur& Walker (1998) nearly 44% of the
assessed reptiles are endemic to India. In Gujarat scenario, Vyas (2007) had mentioned
that there are 107 reptilian and 22 amphibian species occur in the state. However, Singh
(2001) has mentioned the total number of reptile species in the state of Gujarat is
around 114 species.
Some of the studies have been carried out on herpetofauna of the Gulf of Kachchh.
However, those studies are restricted to the marine reptilian (turtles) species only. The
studies of Bhaskar(1978), Kar and Bhaskar(1982) andBhaskar(1984) reveal the
occurrence of Green Sea Turtles, Olive Ridley, Leatherback andHawksbill in the GoK. Jani
and Mishra (2007) mentioned occurrence of seven species of reptiles in the Marine
Protected Area (MPA). Of which, four species of sea snakes viz., Yellow Snake,
Annulated Snake, Bombay sea snake, Many toothed snake whereas three species of
turtle viz., Green Sea Turtle, Olive Ridley Turtle and Leather back turtle are recorded
from the Park. Apart from these, they have also mentioned nine terrestrial reptilian
species in the MPA.
The present study focuses on baseline information of biodiversity of the Gulf of
Kachchh. Therefore, the study covers three important major habitat niches in the Gulf of
Kachchh viz., freshwater, terrestrial and marine, these habitatsare occupied by the
herpetofauna in the GoK.
For qualitative and quantitative assessment, observations are being carried out at the
coastline, islands and offshore areas. Total 97 permanent transects have been laid along
the coastline for faunal study of which observation have been made on 71 transects for
herpetofaunatill end of June’14. Moreover, for qualitative assessment 46 sites of
islands/reefs have been visited along with their areas along the high-tide line. For
transect observation, a total of 47 field days have been spent by one person.
On the basis of efforts made till end of June 2014 various preliminary results have been
obtained. Some of the results are explained below:
85
i. Species Richness
A total of 25 species of herpetofauna belonging to 15 families have been recorded from
the study area with respect to efforts made. There is one another species which need to
be identified. GEER (2004) and Jani & Mishra (2007) reported only 16 species in Marine
Protected Area.
Amphibians
Only anurans (i.e., frogs and toads) represented from amphibians in the surveyed study
area. Two species have been reported (see table 4.1). In the present study, these
species have been recorded mainly in vicinity of freshwater habitats.
Table-4.1: Checklist of amphibians recorded in the study area
SN
Species name
Scientific name
Family
Primary
Habitat
Toad
1
Common
toad
Indian Duttaphrynusmelanostictus
Bufonidae
Freshwater
Dicroglossidae
Freshwater
Frog
2
Indian bullfrog
Hoplobatrchustigerinus
Reptiles
Total 23 species of reptiles (excluding 1 unidentified species) belonging to 21 genera and
13 families were recorded till end June, 2014from the studied area of GoK. Lizards and
snakes constituted two major reptilian groups with 8 and 10 species, respectively. 4
species across 3 families formed the group of turtles & tortoises, whereas there was a
single species/family of skink found in the study area.
Out of the 8 species of lizards, 4 species belonged to the family Agamidae. Of the 10
species of snakes, 3species belonged to Colubridae family whereas2 species belonged to
each of the families Elapidae, Boidae, and Hydrophidae (Table-4.2)
86
Table-4.2: Checklist of reptiles recorded in the study area
SN
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
Primary
Habitat
Turtle & Tortoise
1
Indian Star Tortoise
Geocheloneelegans(Schoepff, 1795)
Testudinidae
Terrestrial
2
Indian Flap-shelled
Turtle
Lissemyspunctata(Lacépède, 1788)
Trinychidae
Freshwater
3
Indian Soft-shell
Turtle
Nilssoniagangetica(Cuvier, 1825)
(Synonyms: Aspideretesgangeticus)
Trinychidae
Freshwater
4
Green Sea Turtle
Cheloniamydas (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chelonidae
Marine
Lacertidae
Terrestrial
Agamidae
Terrestrial
Lizards
5
Jerdon's Snake-eye
Ophisopsjerdonii (Blyth, 1853)
Brachysaura minor
(Hardwicke & Gray)
[Synonyms: Laudakia minor
(Hardwicke & Gray)]
6
Short-tailed Agama
7
Common Indian
Monitor
VaranusBengalensis (Daudin, 1802)
Varanidae
Terrestrial
8
Hardwick’s Spinytailed Lizard
Uromastyxhardwickii(Gray)
Agamidae
Terrestrial
9
Eastern Garden /
Changeable Lizard
Calotesversicolor(Daudin 1802)
Agamidae
Terrestrial
10
Fringed-toed Lizard
Acanthodactylus cantoris (Gunther)
Lacertidae
Terrestrial
11
Fan-Throated Lizard
Agamidae
Terrestrial
12
Bark Gecko
Gekkonidae
Terrestrial
Scincidae
Terrestrial
Sitanaponticeriana
(Boulenger, 1918)
Hemidactylusleschenaultii
(Dumeril&Bibron 1836)
Skink
13
Brahminy Skink
(Keeled Indian
Mabuya)
Mabuyacarinata
(Schneider 1801)
87
SN
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
Primary
Habitat
Colubridae
Freshwater
Viperidae
Terrestrial
Snakes
Xenochrophispiscator
14
Checkered Keelback
15
Saw-scaled Viper
16
Trinket Snake
Elaphehelena(Smith 1943)
Colubridae
Terrestrial
17
Indian Spectacled
Cobra
Najanaja(Günther, 1864)
Elapidae
Terrestrial
18
Common Krait
Elapidae
Terrestrial
19
Red Sand Boa
Eryxjohniissessed (Russell, 1801)
Boidae
Terrestrial
20
Banded-Racer Snake
Argyrogenafasciolata(Shaw, 1802)
Colubridae
Terrestrial
21
Yellow Sea Snake
Hydrophisspiralis(Shaw, 1802)
Hydrophidae
Marine
Boidae
Terrestrial
Hydrophidae
Marine
(Schneider, 1799)
Echiscarinata
(Duméril&Bibron, 1854)
Bungaruscaeruleus
(Schneider, 1801)
Gongylophisconicus(Wagler, 1842)
22
Common Sand Boa
[Synonyms: Eryxconica,
(Szyndlar&Schleich, 1994)]
23
Annulated Sea Snake
Hydrophiscyanocinctus
As 107 species of reptiles are known to occur in Gujarat, it can be implied that the GoK
(studied area) is supporting 21.5% of reptilian species of Gujarat and furthermore,
considering 129 herpetofaunal species of Gujarat, GoK supports 19.4% species of
reptiles and amphibians.
iii. Herpetofauna - Conservation status of species [IUCN, 2014 and IW(P)A, 1972]
Out of the 25 recorded reptilian species from the GoK (studied area), three species are
listed as Schedule-I animals of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Mohanty, 2010).
According to IUCN status (Islam and Rahmani 2002), Green turle comes under
Endangered category whereas Indian soft-shell turtle categories as Vulnerable and 11
are Least Concern. Remaining 11 species of the study are not listed in the IUCN List.
88
iv. Herpetofauna - Habitat types
Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) were found to be using primarily 3 kinds of
major habitat types which were classified as terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats
(Fig. 4.7). The largest group of 17 species (68%) was found to inhabit terrestrial habitats.
Freshwater species were 5 (20%) whereas marine species were 3 (12%).
Freshwater
20%
Marine
12%
Terrestrial
68%
Fig.-4.7: Number and proportion of herpetofauna species with terrestrial and
aquatic niches
v. Relative abundance
Of the total 25 species only 14 species were recorded on transects. As shown in Fig. 4.8
Common Garden Lizard, Fan-throated Lizard and Spiny-tailed Lizard were some of the
abundant species in the study area. Among aquatic species, Indian Flap-shelled turtle
was also foundrecurrently as compared to other species. Amphibians were more
abundant as compared to snakes which were relatively rarely seen.
89
25.0
23.7
Relative abundance
16.5 16.5
15.0
12.4
10.0
7.2
5.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Yellow Sea Snake
Un Lizard
1.0
Short-tailed Agama
4.1
Saw-scaled viper
5.0
8.2
Jerdon's Snake-eye
Relative abundance
20.0
Indian Flap-shelled
Turtle
Indian Cobra
Indian bullfrog
Hardwick’s Spiny-tailed
Lizard
Fan-Throated Lizard
Common Indian toad
Common Indian
Monitor
Common Garden Lizard
Brahminy Skink
0.0
Species
Fig.-4.8: Relative abundance of herpetofauna in GoK (till end of June’14)
vi. Frequency of occurrence and abundance
As illustrated in Fig. 4.9 Common Garden Lizard and Fan-throated Lizard were some of
the frequently encountered species in the study area. Of the studied 71 permanent
transects Common Garden Lizard, Fan-throated Lizard and Common Indian Monitor
were recorded on 23 and 15 transects respectively. Common Indian Monitor was
comparatively less frequent (on 8 transects) compare to above two species.
Among aquatic species, all species were seen equally frequently however relative
abundance of Indian Flap-shelled turtle was found higher as compared to other species.
Common Indian Toad, Indian Bullfrog and Spiny-tailed Lizard were also found to depict
higher relative abundance inferring sharing of habitats across several organisms of same
species.
90
40.0
Relative abundance
30.0
22.5
25.0
16.9
20.0
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
Short-tailed
Agama
Yellow Sea Snake
Un Lizard
2.8
Saw-scaled viper
2.8
Jerdon's Snake-eye
5.6
5.0
Indian Flapshelled Turtle
10.0
Indian Cobra
15.0
Indian bullfrog
Percentage
Frequency of occurrence
33.8
35.0
Common Garden
Lizard
Common Indian
Monitor
Common Indian
toad
Fan-Throated
Lizard
Hardwick’s Spinytailed Lizard
Brahminy Skink
0.0
Species
Fig. 4.9: Frequency of occurrence and Relative Abundance of herpetofauna in GoK
(till end of June’14)
vi. Marine herpetofauna profile
As mentioned earlier that GoK supports the herpetofauna and provides three major
habitat types, of which one is marine habitat. Many of the species such as four species
of turtles and snakes are inhabited in the marine water. In the present study, Green Sea
Turtle, Yellow Sea Snake, Annulated Sea Snake were found to be inhabitant of marine
water. Apart from these, some of the species like Saw-scaled Viper were reported on
islands.
There are four of sea turtles are said to occur in Gujarat viz., Green Sea Turtles and Olive
Ridley, Leatherback and Hawksbill. Of these, nesting of only Green Sea Turtles and Olive
Ridley was documented (Bhaskar 1978, Kar and Bhaskar 1982, Bhaskar 1984), while
leatherback and Hawksbill were occasionally sighted by local fishermen. In the present
study, Green Sea Turtles was sighted at various locations in GoK.
Nesting Status of sea turtles (based on secondary information)
Many of the studies have been carried out for the study for nesting of marine turtles.
Moreover, Gujarat Forest Department also collects data of nesting of sea turtles form
Jamnagar coast as well as Kachchh coast. A small comparative account of nesting of
Green Turtle and Olive Ridley is given below based on secondary information. Table-4.3
provides the details of nesting status of Turtlesin Kachchh and Jamnagar coast.
91
Table-4.3: Species Specific Nesting Status (Secondary Data)
Data Sources
Nature of
Data
Data Year
Olive
Ridley
Green turtle
Total
Kachchh Coast
Sunderrajet al.
Nesting
2000-2001
61
0
61
Nesting
2004-05
17
2
19
Nesting
From 2007-08
0
68
68
2000-2001
90
234
324
2004-05
290
438
728
2012
15
76
91
2002
GSFD – Kachchh
Circle
GSFD – Kachchh
Circle
to 2010-11
Jamnagar Coast (GoK & Saurashtra Coast)
Sunderraj et al
2002
Nesting
(one
time
survey)
Sunderraj et al
2006
Nesting
data for 7
index
beaches
and
one
year
monitoring
Sunderraj
& Monitoring
Somasundaram
of six
(2012)
beaches for
four
months
4.3.6. Avian Profile in the GoK
Avifaunal diversity is one of the most important ecological indicators for evaluating
habitat quality. Uninhibited destruction of natural habitats is forcing birds to take refuge
in isolated pockets of habitats for foraging and nesting. Birds have active functional roles
92
in ecosystems as pollinators and scavengers and thus are worthy bio-indicators. They
form an essential link in the ecological web and their conservation priority is paramount.
It is a basic requirement in ecology and conservation science to do qualitative and
quantitative assessment of the study area. The data acquired through field work from
ICZM project will be a determining factor in designing conservation strategies for the
avifauna found in the GoK area.
4.3.6.1. Efforts
In present study, observations were carried out at the coastline, islands and offshore
areas during three seasons: summer, monsoon and winter; 97 permanent transects
were laid along the coastline for the summer season. For the winter and monsoon
observations, respectively 44 and 31 transects were walked till the end of June.
4.3.6.2. Results and discussion
i. Species Richness
A total of 526 species (confirmed) are recorded in Gujarat State, of which, 224 (i.e., 40.3
%) bird species were recorded in the Gulf of Kachchh till end of June’14. Jani & Mishra
(2007) reported 299 species in MPA. Moreover, of the total 247 truly migratory (extralimital migrants) and resident-migratory species recorded in the State (Parasharya et al.,
2004), 106 (i.e., 42.9%) species were recorded in the GoK area.
In Gujarat, there are total 35 species of birds comes under various status of
conservation concerned i.e. IUCN Threatened species criteria, per Schedule-1 criterion
of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1982. Of the total, 14 are Vulnerable, 2 are Endangered, 6
are Critically Endangered as per IUCN (Islam and Rahmani 2002) and 10 are Schedule-1
as per IW (P)A, 1972 (Mohanty, 2010). In the GoK, 1 species is Critically Endangered, 5
species are Vulnerable and 11 species are Neat Threatened. Likewise, 8 species are
Schedule –I 1 as per IW (P)A, 1972 (Mohanty, 2010). Pallied Harrier and Macqueen's
Bustard are the Schedule-I species which categorized Near Threatened and Vulnerable
respectively.
A total of 224 species belonging to 61 families were recorded in the study area
(Annexure 4.7). As 526 species of birds have been recorded in Gujarat state,
(Parasharya et al., 2004), it can be considered that the GoK is supporting 40.3% of the
total bird species of the state till end of June’14. Such a noticeable contribution to the
state’s avifauna by the GoK can be well-justified considering the fact that the GoK is
located in migratory pathway and is known to be an Important Bird Area (IBA) site of
93
Gujarat.
Among the 61 families, Accipitridae family (i.e. family of raptors/birds of prey except
falcons), Anatidae (i.e. family of ducks and geese) and Scolopacidae family (i.e.,
shorebirds; a group of wetland dependent small waders) were represented by
maximum number of species (i.e., 15, 14 and 13 species respectively).
ii. Terrestrial birds and waterbirds
The area under the study of the GoK is predominantly an assemblage of habitat coastal
wetland and terrestrial forms. Due to this, the avian profile of the region is characterized
by the co-existence of terrestrial and aquatic avifauna.
The present study revealed that four kinds of birds occurred in this area from the viewpoint of terrestrial/aquatic niches. These were; obligatorily terrestrial birds, obligatorily
aquatic birds, primarily aquatic but secondarily terrestrial birds and primarily terrestrial
but secondarily aquatic birds (Fig. 4.10).Fig. 4.10shows that of all (i.e., 224) species of
birds recorded in GoK, 120 species (i.e., 53% species) were obligatorily terrestrial and 92
(i.e., 41% species) were obligatorily aquatic. Five species (i.e., 2% species) were primarily
aquatic but secondarily terrestrial (e.g. Cattle Egret, Black Ibis, Demoiselle Crane,
Common Crane, Red-Wattled Lapwing) and 7 species (3%) were primarily terrestrial, but
secondarily aquatic (e.g. Greater Spotted Eagle, Eurasian Marsh Harrier, Pallas's Fish
Eagle, Osprey, White-Throated Kingfisher, Common Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher).
140
120
Number of Species
120
100
92
80
60
40
20
5
7
0
Obligatorily aquatic
Obligatorily
terrestrial
Primarily aquatic but
Primarily
secondarily
terrestrial, but
terrestrial
secondarily aquatic
Habitat niche
Fig.-4.10: Number of bird species with terrestrial and aquatic niches recorded till end
of June’14
94
iii. Resident and migratory birds
Of all the 224 bird-species recorded in the GoK, 117 (i.e., 52%) species were resident for
the Indian Subcontinent, 94 species (i.e., 42%) were extra-limital migrants, 12 species
(i.e., 5%) were resident with migratory population and one species is vagrant (i.e.
Sociable Lapwing) in the GoK (Fig. 4.11). Thus, in GoK, there is a predominance of the
bird species that can utilize the area throughout the year. Moreover, number (i.e., 94)
and proportion (i.e., 42%) of migratory bird species is also considerable (i.e., 42% vs.
52%). Thus, it can be inferred that GoK is valuable for both, resident and migratory
avifauna.
Resident
52%
Migratory
42%
Vagrant
1%
Resident
with
migratory
population
5%
Fig. 4.11: Number of bird species with migratory status recorded till end of June’14
iv. Feeding habit
The bird species recorded during the present study were categorized as per their
feeding niche and it was found that they belonged to three major categories, i.e.,
carnivore, herbivore and omnivore. However, carnivore are further split into pure
Carnivore, Piscivores and Insectivores, similarly, herbivores are split into Granivores,
Frugivores, and Nectar Feeding. It was revealed that maximum number of bird species
were carnivores (i.e., 71 species), followed by insectivores (i.e., 55 species) and
Omnivores (i.e., 51 species). Contrary, only 6 species were Frugivores and one species
was Nectar Feeding (i.e. Purple Sunbird) (Fig. 4.12).
95
70
71
55
60
51
50
40
30
23
20
17
6
10
Frugivores
Granivores
Piscivores
Omnivores
Insectivores
Carnivores
0
1
Nector
Feeding
Number of Species
80
Feeding habit
Fig. 4.12: Proportion of bird species according to feeding habit
v. Distribution of threatened species
As per the IUCN (2014) three species viz., Dalmatian Pelican, Macqueen's Bustard,
Pallas's Gull are Vulnerable and one species i.e. Sociable Lapwing is Critically
Endangered. Among all four species abundance of Dalmatian Pelican was found higher
widely distributed in the studied area.So far total 298 individuals of Dalmatian Pelican
were recorded with average of 14.9 ±22.8 (SD) group sizes ranging from 1 individual to
98 individual from the different site of GoK.They were found to be distributed in the
southern part of GoK. However, by applying same efforts at northern side would change
the scenario of potential sites. One individual of Macqueen's Bustard (VU & Sch-I) and
Sociable Lapwing were sighted only at one place whereas Pallas's Gull was sighted at
two places (Map-4.1).
As per Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Eurasian Marsh Harrier, Eurasian Spoonbill,
Indian Peafowl, Montagu's Harrier, Osprey, Pallied Harrier, Macqueen's Bustard and
Peregrine Falcon are Schedule-I species.Among all sevenspecies abundance of Eurasian
Spoonbillwas found higher in the studied area.So far total 663 individuals of Eurasian
Spoonbillwere recorded with average of 25.5 ± 65.5 (SD) group sizes ranging from 1
individual to 335 individual from the different site of GoK. Eurasian Marsh Harrier and
Eurasian Spoonbill were found to be widely distributed the GoK (Map-4.2).
96
Map- 4.1: Distribution of “threatened” (as per IUCN-2014) species (digits indicates
number of birds)
Map- 4.2: Distribution of “threatened” (as per IW(P)A, 1972) species (digits indicates
number of birds)
97
vi. Abundance of birds (till end of June’14)
Absolute abundance were carried out through transect and point based observation at
permanent sites. Total 11 species were recorded with greater than 500 individuals,
likewise, 47 species having the abundance between 499 and 100 individuals. Remaining
species were less 100 individual in the sampling area of GoK. Among all the species
maximum abundance was observed of Little Ringed Plover with 18,079 individual,
followed by Eurasian Curlew (2,425 individual).
4.3.7. Mammalian Profile in the GoK
Mammals modify vegetation structure in ecosystems, alter pathways of nutrients, and
significantly impact species composition in the landscape. For this reason and owing to
their large-scale structuring effects, large mammals are often called ‘ecological
landscapers’. Such a role also makes them prime candidates as ‘umbrella species’ for
conservation (Sinclair, 2003). Small mammals too influences ecosystem by exerting
predatory pressure on other animals, and by providing food for predators (Carolyn,
1987). Mammals occupy various niches in an ecosystem such as terrestrial, aquatic,
arboreal, aerial, fossorial and speluncean (Menon, 2003). In spite of having such a
diverse niche adaptability, mammals all over the world face habitat loss and
fragmentation resulting from burgeoning needs of the human population, enormous
fodder and fuel requirements, increasing timber needs, industrialization and
unsustainable developmental projects (Menon, 2003). Quantifying biodiversity in
present world is, hence, an important aspect of conservation as it helps broaden our
understanding of the ecology. For most populations, complete censuses are not
feasible, and abundance estimates are based on sampling methods like line transect
sampling method that is widely used (Buckland et al., 2001).
The mammal data on the 2008 IUCN Red Data List includes 5488 species (including
Homo sapiens), 412 sub species and 21 sub population. The Ministry of Environment
and Forest, Government of India has listed 397 species belonging to 180 genera, 42
families and 13 order in the Indian Union (Singh 2013). Menon (2003) described 406
species of Indian mammals and a book on Mammals of South Asia mentioned 426
species of Indian mammals (Lydekker 1907).
Singh (2001) and Menon (2003) descried 115 species mammals in Gujarat of which 103
wild and 12 domestic species. Singh (2013) cited the mammals stands for 110 species
(117 with subspecies), which include 6 extinct species. Thus, 104 wild (111 with
subspecies) and 12 domestic species mammals exist in Gujarat.
98
Marine mammals globally accounting to 119 species, includes 31 species from theIndian
Sea. The Cetacea (Whales, dolphins and porpoises), Sirena (Sea Cow) and Pinnipedia
(seals, sea-lions and walruses) represent the main group of marine mammals. Of these
Pinnipedia are not found in the Indian Sea (Singh 2003). In absence of proper survey and
study in sea water of Gujarat, it is difficult to describe status of sea mammals, although
several of them use Gujarat sea water and some pass through the area. Some of the
species have been recorded in the Arabian Sea near Mumbai, Gujarat Coast, Karachi,
Persian Gulf and near Gujarat coast (Singh 2013).
4.3.7.1 Efforts
In present study, observations were carried out at the coastline, islands and offshore
areas during three seasons: summer, monsoon and winter; 97 permanent transects
were laid along the coastline for the summer season. For the winter and monsoon
observations, respectively 44 and 31 transects were walked till the end of June. For
marine mammals, marine paths were decided to take observation at sea surface.
4.3.7.2. Results and discussion
i. Species Richness
A total of 25 mammal species were recorded through direct and indirect evidences from
the GoK, which belong to 8 orders and 17 families. Considering total 104 wild mammals
of Gujarat according to Singh (2013), the GoK represented 24.03% species richness.
These species richness includes both preliminary terrestrial and preliminary aquatic
mammals. A total of 22 species is cited GEER (2004) and 21 species by Jani & Mishra
(2007).
As per IUCN (2014), globally, of the recorded species Indian Wild Ass listed as
Endangered and Dugong and Finless porpoise are categorized under vulnerable species
whereas Striped Hyena and Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin have been considered as
Near Threatened species. Remaining species are Least Concern as per IUCN (2014).
According to Indian Wildlife Protection (Act), 1972 seven species are Schedule-I, another
seven are Schedule-II, three species Schedule-III, five species Schedule-IV and three
species Schedule–V (Mohanty, 2010) (Table 4.4). Of the total species Indian Wild Ass,
Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin, Finless porpoise and Dugong are listed as Schedule-I
as well as “threatened” species (i.e. Endangered/Critically Endangered/Vulnerable) as
per IW(P)A 1972 and IUCN(2014) respectively.
99
Recently, regional status of mammals was given by Singh (2013). Though some of the
reported species are globally Least Concern as per IUCN, they are Threatened of Near
Threatened for Gujarat state according to Singh (2013) (Table-4.4).
Table-4.4: Checklist of mammals recorded in sampling area of GoK
Sr.
No.
Species Name
Scientific Name
IUCN
Status
IW(P)A
1972
Status
Regional
Status
(Gujarat
State)
Family: Felidae
1
Jungle Cat
Felis chaus
LC
SCH-II
NT
Family: Canidae
2
Jackal
Canis aureus
LC
SCH-II
NT
3
Indian Wolf
Canis lapus
LC
SCH-I
VU
4
Indian Fox
Vulpes bengalensis
LC
SCH-II
LC
Hyaena hyaena
NT
SCH-III
VU
Family: Hyaenidae
5
Striped Hyena
Family: Herpestidae
LC
6
Small Indian
Mongoose
7
Common
Mongoose
Herpestes edwardsii
LC
SCH-II
8
Ruddy Mongoose
Herpestes smithii
LC
SCH-II
LC
Viverricula indica
LC
SCH-II
LC
Herpestes javanicus
LC
SCH-II
LC
Family: Viveridae
9
Small Indian Civet
Family: Bovidae
LC
10
Bluebull
Boselaphus
tragocamelus
11
Chinkara
Gazella bennettii
LC
SCH-I
VU
Sus scrofa
LC
SCH-III
LC
LC
SCH-III
Family: Suidae
12
Indian Wild Boar
100
Sr.
No.
Species Name
Scientific Name
IUCN
Status
IW(P)A
1972
Status
Regional
Status
(Gujarat
State)
Family: Equidae
13
Indian Wild Ass
Equus hemionus khur
EN
SCH -I
VU
LC
SCH -IV
LC
Family: Erinaceidae
14
Indian Hedgehog
Hemiechinus micropus
15
Long-Eared
Hedgehog
Hemiechinus auritus
NT
LC
SCH -IV
Lepus nigricollis
LC
SCH-IV
LC
Dugong dugon
VU
SCH-I
CR
Family: Leporidae
16
Indian Hare
Family: Dugongidae
17
Dugong
Family: Delphinidae
18
Indo-Pacific
Humpbacked
Dolphin
DD
Sousa chinensis
NT
SCH-I
Megaptera novaengliae
LC
SCH-I
Neophocaena
phocaenoides
VU
SCH-I
Hystrix indica
LC
SCH-IV
Family: Balaenopteridae
19
Humpback whale
DD
Family: Phocoenidae
20
Finless porpoise
VU
Family: Hystricidae
21
Indian Porcupine
LC
Family: Sciuridae
22
Five-Striped Palm
Squirrel
Funambulus pennantii
LC
LC
SCH-IV
Family: Muridae
23
Indian Gerbille
Tatera indica
LC
SCH-V
LC
24
Indian Mole Rat
Bandicota bengalensis
LC
SCH-V
LC
25
Field Mouse
Mus booduga
LC
SCH-V
LC
LC = Least Concern, EN=Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened
101
ii. Feeding niches
During the present study the mammalian species recorded were classified based on
their feeding niches/habits. It was observed that 12 species (48%) were carnivores, 9
species (36%) were herbivorous and 4 species (16%) were omnivores. The carnivorous
species included members of Canidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Viveridae, Hyaenidae,
Erinaceidae, Delphinidae, Balaenopteridae whereas herbivorous species included
members of Bovidae, Leporidae, Equidae, Muridae, Sciuridae, Dugongidae. Members of
Suidae, Canidae, Hystricidae, Phocoenidae were those having omnivorous feeding
niche/habits.
Omnivores
16%
Carnivores
48%
Herbivores
36%
Fig.-4.13: Species composition based on feeding habit of animals
iii. Abundance and Frequency of occurrence of mammals (terrestrial)
Abundance of a species is a measure of commonness or rarity of the species in relation
to other species in a defined location or community (Hubbell, 2001). It is determined by
calculating the ratio of number of individuals of the species under investigation and that
of all the species recorded in the community/habitat and then expressing that ratio as
percentage.
Absolute abundance was measured, till end of June’14 in the area of 500m landward
from HTL. Maximum Absolute abundance was found of Blue bull (284 indv.), followed by
Indian Wild Ass (59 indv.) and Indian Jackal (47 indv.). Indian Hare, Indian Wild Boar,
Chinkara, Grey Mongoose and Small Indian Mongoose were relatively less abundant
(Fig.-4.14).
Along with absolute density, frequency of occurrence was also found out based on
direct and indirect evidences. Indian Hare was found to be widely distributed, it was
102
encountered 66 transect of the total 97, followed by Jackal on transects 63 and Bluebull
on 56 transects. Frequency of Jungle Cat and Rat/Mouse was also higher i.e. 34 and 31
respectively. However, Indian Wild Boar, Chinkara, Common Mongoose, Small Indian
Mongoose, Indian Fox, Indian Wolf and Indian Hyena were relatively less frequent.
Likewise, Five-striped palm squirrel, Hedgehog and Pale hedgehog were least frequent
(Fig.-4.15).
Measurement of absolute abundance and frequency of occurrence reveals that some of
the species such as Blue bull and Jackal were abundant as well as widely distributed.
However, the species such as Indian Here, Jungle Cat were less abundant but distributed
in much of the area. However, the species like Indian Wild Ass were observed in the
numbers but restricted to some areas.
As a part of the present study, field work is going on till December 2014; hence, the
status of all the species may change.
284
300
Absolute abundance
200
150
100
1
9
3
Indian Gerbille
Indian Mole Rat
1
Pale Hedgehog
32
Five-striped Palm
Squirrel
26
Indian Hare
23
Indian Wild Boar
Bluebull
Indian Wild Ass
12
Small Indian
Mongoose
21
Grey Mongoose
0
4
Indian Wolf
3
Jackal
5
Chinkara
59
47
Indian Fox
50
Jungle Cat
Number
250
Name of species
Fig.-4.14: Abundance of wild mammals observed in study area
103
66
60
63
56
50
40
34
31
Name of species
7
Rat/mouse
Pale hedgehog
Jungle cat
Jackal
1
7
Striped hyena
9
Small Indian…
12
Indian wolf
6
Indian wild boar
Indian mole rat
Indian hare
Indian gerbille
6
Indian Wild Ass
12
1
Grey mongoose
Chinkara
0
five striped palm…
1
12 11
Hedgehog
10
12
Indian fox
15
20
Indian porcupine
30
Bluebull
Number of occurences
70
Fig.-4.15: Frequency of occurrence of wild mammals (terrestrial) observed in study
area
iv. Marine mammals
In the present study, total four species were recorded till end of June’14. Of which two
species viz., Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) and Finless porpoise
(Neophocaena phocaenoides) were recorded through direct sighting whereas Dugong
(Dugong dugon) and Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) were reported
through stranding records. Most occurring species in the study area was Indo-Pacific
Humpbacked Dolphin.
Stranded animal information
Stranded animal information help to know the species occurrence, partially distribution
pattern and much information related to causes of death. On the coast of Gulf of
Kachchh (both southern and northern) many stranded animals have been reported. The
information of such reports is given below:
Dugong:
Records of Dugong were mainly from southern part of GoK, especially the Okha and Bet
Dwarka. On 15th January 2010, a dead dugong was stranded at the coast of Bet Dwarka.
Likewise, on 2nd January 2013 dead specimen of Dugong was reported on Mithapur (Lat.
220 24.127 N, Long. 0690 12.496 E), Okha. It was female and about 9.5m (285cm) long
and 650kg.
104
Humpback whale:
A live specimen of Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) was found in the coast
of Bhachau (northern part of GoK) on 2nd January 2013. It was approximately 20 feet
long and 1300 kg in weight. The rescued animal was released back to the sea by the staff
of Forest Department and villagers. The live record of Humpback whale reveals the
occurrence of the species in Arabian Sea.
Trail observations:
Marine mammal observations were possible through mainly sightings at surface when
they come to breath. For the observation, 13 trails were decided at different location in
Gulf of Kachchh. The survey was carried out mainly in southern Gulf of Kachchh (i.e.
between Okha to Pirotan Island). So far, of the total recorded marine mammals, IndoPacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) and Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena
phocaenoides) were recorded through direct sighting.
Finless porpoise:
In the present study, the species was recorded at once during high tide in between
Salaya and Kalubhar Island on 3rd November 2012. Once, it came to the surface for
breathing purpose and went back to water. By interviewing the fishermen, it was known
that the species is observed many times in the Gulf.
Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin:
In the present study, total 46 individuals of the specie were directly sighted through trail
observations. The species are generally found in groups. Maximum individuals (n=12)
were recorded in the high tide area in vicinity of Dedeka-Mundeka and Goose by
carrying out three efforts. There were maximum 3 individual and minimum 1 individual
in a group and average group size in the area was 2.2 ± 0.84. Likewise, 12 individual
were also observed in the high tide in vicinity of Poshitra and Paga. There were
maximum 3 individual and minimum 1 individual and average group size was 1.17 indv.
(SD= ± 0.95). Apart from these, the species was observed in high tide of Pirotan,
Dedeka-Mundeka, Kalubhar, Sikka and Goose. In general, the average group size found
to be 1.66 indv. (SD= ± 0.83).
105
Chapter-5
Experimental Coral Transplantation
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The third component of the ICZMP is to carry out coral restoration and regeneration
work in the Gulf of Kachchh (GoK) in Jamnagar District of Gujarat. There were two sites
selected as recipient site for restoration of locally available coral Genus i.e. Favia and
Porites at Goose and Narara reef area for the component. For this purpose, Bhaidar,
Poshitra and Boria were selected as Donor sites for the collection of coral fragments.
Coral reefs of the GoK are one of the four major coral reefs in India. In the past, these
reefs were exploited by the cement industries to meet the calcium requirements. As per
the available scientific reports, this reef system lies in an area which is under speedy
urbanization and industrialization. The coral reefs of GoK therefore, face a serious threat
by anthropogenic pressures. GoK has been reported to have 60 hard corals and 10 soft
coral species cumulatively (Pillai & Patel 1988; Venkatraman et al. 2003; Satyanarayana
& Ramakrishna 2009). Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of
an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed and transplantation is a
technique used in ecological restoration (Edwards & Gomez 2006).
The abundance of some locally available species such as Porites, Favia can be enlarged
through transplantation. Such efforts of coral transplantation will not only improve the
coral density but may also lead to new reef formations in future. Further, the Marine
National Park and Sanctuary in the Gulf of Kachchh is one of the richest fishing areas for
the coastal community. Diverse fishes, prawns, shrimps, crabs and lobsters are rich in
these reefs of the GoK. Corals serve as nursery grounds for these commercially
important marine resources. Thus coral transplantation will have a great socio economic
and ecological significance also. Besides, it will have a great research, demonstration
and academic value.
5.2 SUMMARY
Under the ICZM project, GEER Foundation has been sanctioned to carry out
experimental coral transplantation of locally abundant as well as extinct Acropora sp. in
the Gulf of Kachchh (GoK). The previous report (i.e. Fifth interim report, February 2014)
submitted to the SPMU wasof the period July 2013 to January 2014; hence the current
report is of the duration January to June, 2014.During this period, the transplantation of
250 coral fragments belonging to four locally available species was carried out at Goose
reef. Monitoring exercises were subsequently performed for all the transplanted corals
at Narara (phase I & II) and at Goose (Phase - III). However,the data of previous years
2012-13 has also been mentioned for reference.
5.3 BACKGROUND
Phase – I (2011-12), an experiment of coral transplantation of four locally available
species viz. Favia favus, Favia speciosa, Porites lutea and Porites compressa were carried
out by the GEER Foundation. In Phase-I total 250 fragments from the donor sites
Poshitra and Bhaidar were selected and transplanted to the recipient site Narara reef.
Out of total, 235 fragments were tied independently to cement blocks, popularly known
as paver blocks using thread. All these blocks were tied to iron frames, which were
deployed at a tidal pool near the reef edge at Narara. Total seven frames were deployed
at Narara. Remaining 15 fragments were larger in size and it was difficult to handle on
iron frame therefore, they were deployed in the tidal pool without the iron frame. The
donor and the recipient sites were selected through secondary Foundation data,
intensive feasibility study.
In the Phase-II (2012-13), total 125 coral fragments with same species which selected in
Phase-I and were deployed near to Phase-I location at the Narara reef edge. Total 7
frames were deployed and numbers of fragments were reduced in compare to phase – I
(i.e. 17-18 fragments/frame) to strengthening the frame in tidal current of seawater. In
this phase-II experiment, Boria was selected as donor site.
The coral transplantation of Phase-III (2013-14), has been carried out at Goose reef near
to Sikka coast in February, 2014. Total 250 coral fragments of four different species
Favia favus, Favia speciosa, Porites lutea and Porites compressa were selected in the
phase– III and 14 frames were deployed with reducing the base of the frame at
Goosereef.
After three successful phases of locally abundant coral species transplantation at two
sites for transplantation activity in the GoK, the draft of the “Coral Transplantation
Protocol”has been prepared and was submitted to the concerned PEAs and the SPMUGujarat. The protocol includes design of the feasibility studies to identify donor and
recipient sites, methodology for transplantation, identification keys of important corals
of the GoK, actions for monitoring and protection and do’s & don’ts for better results.
108
5.4 RECENT ACTIVITIES
During this phase (January – June 2014), there were mainly sixmajor activities classified
in to two major heads in the component, which are as follows:
(Field Work and Training & Documentation)
5.5 FIELD WORK
1. Monitoring:Coral TransplantationPhase-I & II at Recipient site - Narara reef;
2. Coral transplantation: Phase – III (Feb, 2014) at Goose reef;
3. Identification of recipient sites:Transplantation phase IV, to be taken up in
October/November 2014;
4. Analysis of sediments: Recipient site- Narara.
TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION
5. Transplantation Protocol: Preparation & submission of the protocol.
6. Training: Training to the MNP & S staff for the coral transplantation
During this period, total 102 man-days were utilised in 33 field days.
Table-5.1: Field visits under Coral transplantation component

Duration
Jan-Dec, 2012
Jan-Dec, 2013
Jan-June, 2014
Total
No. of field Days
60
53
33
146
Man-days
224
169
102
495
Monitoring of transplanted corals at both sites was carried out on monthly basis.
Total seven field visits were made in six months of this period included monitoring,
protection and transplantation exercise.
The monitoring exercise included following steps:
o
Observations: Some of the special characters were noted in the transplanted
corals i.e. bleaching, disease, mortality, fish bite etc.
o
Tagging: The fragments were tagged independently in all frames during Feb2014 transplantation exercise.
109
o
Measurement: As feasible to the field condition, the maximum length was
measured of the transplanted fragment.
o
Protection: To protect the transplanted coral in the in-situ condition such
activities were carried during each visit i.e. removal of algae, sediments from
the frames as well as corals fragments.
5.6 MONITORING
5.6.1 Monitoring :Phase– ICoral Transplantation
As per the monitoring of June ‘14 total 58 fragments were found live in total six frames
out of 235 transplanted, calculating the survival rate to be 24.68%. The low mortality is
due to the predicted vandalism on the frames in the months of March - April 2014.
Table-5.2: Species wise survival of fragments Phase-I (March’ 2012)
Species
Total Deployed
Surviving (as of June’14)
Mortality (to date)
Favia favus
29
2
27
Favia speciosa
42
9
33
Porites lutea
121
39
82
Porites compressa
37
8
29
Others
6
0
6
235
58
177
Total
As per the total deployed fragments of Phase-Ii.e. 235, the total surviving fragments are
58 (June ’14). Themortality rate is higher in Favia sp. then Porites sp.
110
58
Total
0
Others
Porites compressa
6
8
Species
Porites lutea
37
39
9
Favia speciosa
2
Favia favus
0
235
121
42
29
50
Total Coral fragments Survive
100
150
200
250
No of fragments
Total Deployed Coral fragments
Fig.-5.1Specieswise surviving fragments - Phase I (Till June 2014)
As per shown in Fig.-5.1, the comparison of deployed fragments,species specific
surviving fragments of Phase-I.
Summer
Monsoon
Winter
1%
48%
51%
Fig.-5.2 Seasonal mortality (%) – Phase I
111
Fig-5.2 shows the seasonal mortality (%) of Phase-I. Thus it can be seen that in summer
and monsoon maximum mortality wasobserved.
5.6.2 Seasonal Mortality and Survival (Phase-I)

The mortality was high in the monsoon and summer season.

The major cause of mortality was physical damage due to the seasonal impact to
the frames and fragments resulted due to high wave action and greater current
velocity.

Some other human interruption such as tourists, fishermen, participantsof Camp
etc were observed near the frames.

Vandalism might have caused greater mortalities in the months of August 2013
and April 2014.

Other causes were bleaching of corals, fish predations, sedimentation and algal
growth on the blocks on which corals was transplanted.

Algal growth on the frames was observed from October2013 to May 2014.
56
Mortality (Numbers)
60
50
40
30
20
10
Summer
33
24
Winter
19
16
9
9
2
Monsoon
9
0
0
0
3 4
0
0
Favia favus
Favia
speciosa
Porites lutea
Porites Other Spieces
compressa
Spieces
Fig.-5.3 Species specific Seasonal Mortality (Phase I)
As shown in Fig.-5.3, morality of the species deployed in Phase – I is higher in Summer
and Monsoon.
112
5.7 Monitoring-Phase II Transplantation
The monitoring (June 14), total 58 fragments were found alive on seven frames,
calculating the survival rate to be 54.4%.
Table-5.3: List of surviving fragments Phase-II (Monitoring data)
Species
Total Deployed
Surviving (as of June’14)
Favia favus
16
7
Favia speciosa
48
20
Porites lutea
30
17
Porites compressa
31
13
125
57
Total
The above table depict that in Phase II a total of 125 fragments were deployed and as
per monitoring data total of 57 fragments are live.
Fig-5.4: Total fragments surviving till June 2014 (Phase II)
18
Species
Porites compressa
31
13
Porites lutea
30
28
Favia speciosa
9
Favia favus
0
10
48
16
20
30
40
50
60
No. of fragments
Total Coral fragments Surviving
Total Deployed Coral fragments
Fig.-5.4 shows the deployed versus surviving fragments based on the species.
113
2%
98%
Summer
Monsoon
Winter
Fig.-5.5: Seasonal mortality (%) – Phase II
Fig-5.5 shows the 98% mortality occurred during summer season only in the Phase II
25
20
20
18
15
13
Summer
Monsoon
10
Winter
6
5
0
Favia favus
Favia speciosa
Porites lutea
Porites compressa
Fig.-5.6: Species specific Seasonal Mortality in Transplanted species (Phase II)
Fig-5.6 shows that in all the species mortality was recorded in the summer season
5.7.1 Seasonal Mortality and Survival (Phase-II)

Total 125 fragments were deployed of which only 68 are surviving.

High loss of coral fragments were observed during April 2014, total of 46
fragments were lost.
114

The major cause of such mortality was physical damage due to un-known
possible vandalism.

Algal growth on the frames was observed from February to May (2014)
5.8 MAJOR FINDINGS
Table-5.4: Survival of coral fragments at Narara (Phase I & II)
Phase
Deployed Fragments
Jul'12
Nov'12
Mar'13
Jul'13
Nov'13
Mar'14
Jun'14
Phase-I
235 (March-12)
184
169
160
156
123
128
58
Phase-II
125 (March- 13)
-
-
125
123
114
114
68
Total
360
126
Based on the June 2014 monitoring, at Narara, 126 total fragments are surviving at the
site out of 360 deployed.
Total Coral Fragments
250
200
150
100
Phase-I
50
Phase-II
0
Fig-5.7: Survival of coral fragments at Narara (Phase I & II)

Total 47 fragments have shown radial growth by covering the thread used for
tying the fragment. The growth in Porites lutea and Porites compressa was very
good as compared with other transplanted coral species i.e. Favia speciosa and
Favia favus.

Some of the fragments of Porites lutea have been showing extra ordinary growth
i.e. on the cement block and on the thread radial reaching to 80 mm with an
115
average growth rate of 40 mm/year. Such growth is greater than the natural i.e.
8 to 10 mm /yr (Tanzil et al. 2009).

It has been observed that the larger fragments with size greater than 10cm were
showing healthy growth in transplantation.

Associated fauna was abundant at Narara after transplantation.

Some signs of partial bleaching and fish biting were observed, especially in
Porites lutea.

There were two major losses of fragments which affected the mortality of the
fragments. During August (2013) damages were observed in Frame No. 1 and 2
of Phase-I and there were 15 fragments recovered out of 42 fragments deployed
(Loss of 27 fragments).

During April 2014 visit; the team has recorded loss of 43 fragments in phase – I
and 34 fragments in phase – II.
Table-5.5: List of other marine fauna encountered near to frames area during
monitoring
SN
Class
Scientific Name
Popular Name
1
Calcarea
Sponge sp.
Sponge
2
Gastropoda
Erroniaonyx
Cowrie
3
Gastropoda
Murex sp.
Spined shell
4
Gastropoda
Turbo brunneus
Turban shell
5
Gastropoda
Turbo intercostalis
Turban shell
6
Gastropoda
Trochusradiatus
Top shell
7
Gastropoda
Chicoreusbrunneus
Murex shell
8
Gastropoda
Erosarriaocellata
Cowrie
9
Pisces
Chelonodonsp.
Puffer fish
10
Pisces
Plotosuslineatus
Cat fish
11
Pisces
Pomacanthusannularis
Butterfly fish
12
Pisces
Neotrygonkuhlii
Sting ray
13
Pisces
Epinepheluscoioides
Orange spotted grouper
116
5.9 CORAL TRANSPLANTATION PHASE III
Coral transplantation of Phase-III was carried out into month of February 2014 by GEER
Foundation. During phase-III Boria was selected as donor site. For this, the donor site was
decided from the previous observations i.e.quadrates, live coral cover, etc. From donor site
Boria 250 coral fragments belonging to two genus Favia and Porites were collected for the
transplantation. Among all 250 coral fragments, 125 coral fragments of Favia sp. and 125
fragments of Porites sp. were collected. Goose was selected as recipient site. Total 14 frames
have been deployed at Goose. Two monitoring exercise have been taken up for the monitoring.
In this phase the recipient substrate height i.e. the height of the iron frame was reduced to 6
inches.
Total fragments = 250;
Number of frames = 14
Donor site = Boria;
Recipient site = Goose
Table-5.6: Details of the collected fragments
Transect
No.
Corals of
opportunity
Loose full
colonies
Artificially Breakage
of Large colonies
Favia
13
76
0
89
Porites
18
29
10
57
Favia
17
17
0
34
Porites
35
25
10
70
Total
83
147
20
250
Percent composition
33.2%
58.8%
8%
1
2
Genus
Sub total
Total
146
104
250
Details on the Area calculations
Total Transects = 2
(Start - 22023’15.8”N 69015’05.8”E; End - 22023’04.9”N 69015’06.9”E)
(Start - 22023’06.2”N 69015’07.9”E; End - 22023’03.6”N 69015’05.9”E)
Average length of transect = 270 meters
Average width of transect = 25 meters
Total area coverage = 13,500 m2
Total fragments collected = 250
Per fragment area observed = 54 m2
Total frames deployed = 14
Size of the frame = 1 x 1 meter
Total area occupied by the frames = 14 m2
Area coverage in the tidal pool = 900 m2
117
Table-5.7: Survival of coral fragments at Goose (Phase III)
Phase
Phase-III
Deployed
Fragments
250
(Feb-14)
-
-
-
-
-
Feb'14
Jun'14
250
221
As per the June 2014 data, total 221 fragments are surviving at Goose out of 250
deployed.
5.9.1 Deployment of sediment traps
Sedimentation is one of the key factors, impacting the coral health (Phillip &Fabricius 2003). To
analyse the sedimentation rate at the donor site Narara, two sediment traps were deployed
(English et al. 1997), and sedimentation rate was calculated.
Table-5.8: Sedimentation data
Sr.
No.
Sediment Traps
(ST)
1
2
1
ST - 1 (Towards
Coast, Phase-II)
3
4
5
6
Cylinder
Number
Avg. (cm)
GPS Point
8.3
N22°29’116”
E69°42’931”
17.6
N22°29’139”
E69°42’925”
Cylinder was found
damaged
2
7
3
9.6
1
18
2
Cylinder was found
damaged
3
17.3
ST - 2
(Towards reef
Edge, Phase-I)
Readings (cm)
Sedimentation rate was calculated as both the sediment traps (placed near phase-I
frame and phase-II).
 One cylinder from both the sediment traps was found damaged during monitoring.
Sedimentation Rate of Sediment Trap 1= ∏r²h/ days
(Towards Coast, Phase-II)
2014)
= 3.14 X 3.4² X 8.3/20 (From 12thJune to 2ndJuly,
= 15.063 cm3 / day
118
Sedimentation Rate of Sediment Trap 2= ∏r²h/ days
(Towards reef Edge, Phase-I)= 3.14X 3.4² X 17.6/20 (From 12thJune to 2ndJuly,
2014)
=31.94 cm3 / day

Based on the sediment trap readings, it was observed that the sedimentation
was high on the reef edge side compared to the sediment traps deployed
towards the coast.
5.9.2 Identification of recipient sites for the transplantation phase IV, to be taken up
in October / November 2014
For the phase IV transplantation of 125 fragments, two additional sites as the recipient
site for the Oct-November 2014 transplantation of local coral species.
The sites were identified by secondary data source, laying quadrats and identifying
potential tidal pools for the transplantation.
50.0
43.2
45.0
37.9
40.0
Cover (%)
35.0
27.9
30.0
25.0
22.4
19.6
16.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
6.3
6.0
1.2
7.9
5.9
0.5 1.6
0.0 0.0
0.2
0.0
Corals
Algae
Sea Grass
Rock
Rubbles
Sand
Mud
Others
Benthic classes
Goose
Dedeka-Mundeka
Fig.-5.8 Benthic cover (%) at two sites
119
5.11 TRAINING ON MONITORING OF TRANSPLANTED CORALS AND
TRANSPLANTATION ACTIVITIES
Training on the Monitoring of transplanted corals and related transplantation activities
was conducted by the GEER Foundation at Narara on 22nd April 2014. Total 30
participants from various ranges of MNP & S including Dy. CF MNP & CCF MNP & S
participated in the training.
During the training, the team of GEER Foundation gave training to about 25 MNP & S
staff members about the identification of donor and recipient sites for the coral
transplantation at Narara in the presence of Director MNP & S Shri. R. D. Kamboj, IFS
and Dy.CF MNP & S, Shri.M. M. Bhalodi, under the ICZM project of coral transplantation.
The team explained different techniques of quadrat method for the identification of
donor and recipient sites, and how to interpret the data. He explained different
techniques and methodology for identification of coral species descriptively. He mainly
explained about the selection of coral fragments for transplantation. According to that
loose or fallen fragments should be given top preference and during collection of coral
fragment always care should be taken of not breaking an adult colony.
The team also explained about the transplantation of corals from one site to other site,
in this process during the time of transportation it is much required to maintain the
physical parameters of water in the tank. If the water is going to be viscous or pH
changes, immediately change the water from the tank, and use aerator for maintenance
of D.O.
Tying method of massive corals was explained. The team also explained that in the
transplantation of massive corals, glue will be expensive technique to use when up
scaled, and hence glue is not used. We also discussed tying the coral fragments with the
cement block and arrange it into the frame. Monitor those frames for 2 weeks and after
that observe it every month. Regularly check for algal formation and bleaching of coral
fragments. Note down the length and breadth of the fragments and after every visit it is
required to measure growth after six months.The training was given in two sessions i.e.
classroom and field.
120
5.11.1 Action Plan for July 2014 to December 2014
The permitted target of locally available coral species fragments is 750 (375 fragments
of each genus i.e. Favia and Porites), out of which, till date 625 fragments have been
transplanted till date andonly 125 fragments of local species is remaining.This target of
remaining 125 fragments will be achieved in the fourth phase of the transplantation in
the month of October 2014.
Table-5.9 Activity sheet for the duration July to December 2014
Sr.
No.
Activity
1
Monitoring of
transplanted corals of
Phase I, II & III
2
Deployment of
artificial substrate
3
Identification of
donor site for Phase
IV transplantation of
local species
4
Transplantation of
local species 125
fragments (Phase IV)
at Dedeka - Mundeka
5
Monitoring of Phase
IV transplantation
6
Documentation and
Final Report
preparation
July-14
Aug- 14
Sept-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Note: The monitoring frequency of transplanted corals depends upon the year of
transplantation. For first two years the monitoring will be monthly and then for the
following third year it should be once in three months. However depending upon
threats and local conditions, the monitoring frequency can be intensified.
121
1. Monitoring frequency of Transplanted corals
(a.) Phase I: Once in 3 months till March 2015
(b.) Phase II: Every month till March 2015. After that once in 3 months till
March 2016
(c.) Phase III: Every month till March 2016. After that once in 3 months till
March 2017
(d.) Phase IV: Every month till October 2016 after that once in 3 months
till October 2017.
2. Deployment of artificial substrate
This is an additional task to be achieved under the project, to supplement the
natural recruitment, occurring in the GoK.
3. Identification of donor site for Phase IV transplantation of local species
Additional areas such as Chank, Mangunda and Pashu will be explored and data
will be collected on the abundance of the target genera, to decide the donor site
for the phase IV transplantation.
4. Transplantation of local species 125 fragments (Phase IV) at Dedeka –
Mundeka
Out of 750 permitted fragments, till date 625 fragments have already been
transplanted. Remaining 125 local species’ fragments will be transplanted at
Dedeka-Mundeka in the month of October 2014.
5. Monitoring of Phase IV transplantation
The transplantation of 125 fragments (phase IV) will be monitored monthly for
two years to assess the survival and success of the model.
6. Documentation and Final Report preparation
The final report and documentation of the project will begin in the month of
December 2014.
122
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132
Annexure-1.1
GEER Foundation’s Revised HR Plan and HR Status as on August-2014
Sr.
No.
A
Staff
Required
Current
Staff
Vacant Posts/Position
1
1
0
Dr. Vijay Jayantilal Makwana
3
3
0
Mrs. Vaishali Parmar
Mrs. Raxaben Vasantkumar Shah
Ms. Meghaben Bhadreshbhai Patel
Lab Asstt.
2
1
1
Ms. Sadhana Ranchhodbhai Thummar
Peon/Watchman
1
1
0
Shri Ramanji Thakor
Lab. Asst.
5
0
5
Peon/Watchman
5
2
3
Senior Research Fellow
1
0
1
JRF
2
2
0
Mrs. Lopamudra Das
Ms. Suparna Madanmohan Roy
Technical Assistant
4
1
3
Ms. Bhavika Patel
1
1
0
Dr. Sandeep Bharatbhai Munjpara
Staff as per the DPR/PAD
Existing lab, Gandhinagar
Superintendent of Labs
Lab Technicians
B
C
D
Names (Existing Staff)
Five Field Stations
Shri Rameshbhai Desai
Shri Ramanbhai
Marine Flora
Marine Fauna
Research Associate
Annexures
Sr.
No.
E
G
Current
Staff
JRF
3
3
0
Ms. Kinjal Mukundbhai Joshi
Shri Nisarg Rajendra Chaudhari
Shri Bhaveshkumar Parmar
Technical Assistant
3
2
1
Shri Jigar Joshi
Ms. Pooja Tripathi
1
1
0
Dr.RajalKanti Patel
Environmental Parameter
Research Associate
F
Staff
Required
Shri Bignesh Thakur
Shri Ankit R Trivedi
Shri Parth Atulkumar Tailor
Ms. Diksha Sharma
Ms. Jignasha Keshavlal Vankar
Shri Roshan Bharatbhai Bhagat
ShriHiren Dhirajlal Chavda,
Ms. Vidushee Hirenkumar Solanki
Ms.Trupti Narendrabhai Patel
Shri Vipul Kumar Solanki
Ms. Ankita Patel
Shri Christian Lamb
JRF
6
6
0
Technical Assistant
6
6
0
Scientist
1
1
0
Dr. Harshad Salvi
SRF
2
2
0
Shri Yashpal Anand
ShriBhargav Brahmbhatt
1
1
0
Dr. Dishant Parashrya
Total Biodiversity Study
Coral Transplantation
Research Associate
134
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Staff
Required
Current
Staff
JRF
2
1
1
Technical Assistant
4
2
2
Mr.Hiren Bhatti
Ms. Heena Parmar
Shri Dashrathsinh Barad
H
General Staff
Project Coordinator
1
1
0
Shri Vikram Singh
Accounts Officer
1
1
0
Ms.Vijaya Makwana
Computer Person
1
1
0
Shri Kirit Joshi
Accountant
1
1
0
Mrs.Vaishali Parmar
Driver
3
2
1
Shri Sendhaji Parmar
Shri Dharmendra Parmar
Peon/Watchman
1
1
0
Shri Nepalsingh Gohil
62
44
18
Total
I
New Posts (Proposed during MTR- June-2013- approval is awaited)
Captain (Tandel) of Boat
1
0
1
Helper (Khalasi) for Boats
2
0
2
New 12 Posts proposed during the Mid
Term Review of ICZM Project
Comm. & Content Developer
1
0
1
Will be recruited after the approval of the
World Bank
Project Management Assistant
2
0
2
135
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Staff
Required
Current
Staff
Computer Operator
2
0
2
GIS/RS Person (SRF Level)
1
0
1
GIS/RS Person (JRF Level)
1
0
1
Store Keeper
2
0
2
74
0
12
Total
136
Annexures
Annexure-1.2
Statement of Expenditure and Progress in Financial year 2013-14
Sr.
No.
A
Component
Activity
Revised
Budget
Total
expenditure
Institutional Cost
A1
Investment Cost
Furniture & Fittings
Chair
Computer Table
File Cabinet
Table
Meeting Room setting up
Office Equipment
Air Conditioner
10.00
Almirah
7.81
0.24
Aquaguard
Camera
Desk Tops
0.16
DVD Player
Electronic Pencil
Fax Machines
Freeze
Laptop
LCD projector
Plotter and colour printer (size A06)
Printers
1.05
Public Address System
Servers
Slide Projector
Telephone 6 lines + EPABX
TV
Vehicles
Xerox, copier & others
0.13
Purchase of Software
Sub Total
10.00
9.39
137
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
Activity
Revised
Budget
Total
expenditure
Consultants - Support Agencies
Financial and Procurement Management
consultants
Inter Personal IEC Materials
Folk Media Campaign
Sub Total
Total for A1
A2
0.00
0
10.00
9.39
57.00
56.17
Operational Cost
Manpower (Tech,, Procurement, Fin. , Adm)
Details enclosed.
Reimbursement
Office operating cost
Office Rent
0.50
Telephone
2.30
2.23
Vehicle Running & Maintenance
3.20
3.16
Computer Maintenance
0.60
0.52
AMC'S
1.50
1.66
Power & Fuel
3.50
3.60
Printing & Stationery
1.50
1.49
Travelling & Conveyance
2.70
2.51
Consumables
2.50
2.28
0.20
0.19
Sub Total
75.00
74.30
Total for A2
75.00
74.30
Total for A
85.00
83.69
5.55
3.90
Books and Periodicals
Postage and Telegraphs
Field Base Maintenance
Laboratory Maintenance
Boat Hiring Cost
Boat Maintenance & Operational Cost
Other Office overheads
B
Capacity Building
B1
Training Programs
Underwater diving and snorkelling
138
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
Activity
Revised
Budget
Total
expenditure
Training on Taxonomy
Training on Marine Biodiversity Research
Exposure visit in country
Visit to other institutions and states
Exposure visit - Foreign
Sub Total
B2
5.55
3.90
2.00
0.53
Sub Total
2.00
0.53
Total for B
7.55
4.43
3.00
0.82
3.00
0.82
Sub Total
0.00
0.00
Total for C
3.00
0.82
2.00
0.42
Workshops & Seminar
Workshops
State Level-Apex Level
District Level/Intermediary Level
Village Level
Manual preparation expenses
Travel cost to Participants
Other overheads- Workshops
Consultancies /Studies
C
Monitoring &
Evaluation
C1
Concurrent Monitoring (Physical, Financial,
Procurement, Processes, etc.)
External Consultancies (QA, etc)
Financial Review Consultants
Procurement Audit
Monitoring and evaluation consultants
Sub Total
C2
D
Evaluation of Outcomes and Impacts
Communication
Web Site
Workshops
Advertisement
Media Resource Group
139
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
Activity
Revised
Budget
Total
expenditure
Community Newspaper
Cable TV
Documentation/Publication
E
Sub Total
2.00
0.42
Total for D
2.00
0.42
Physical
E1
Works
Expansion of Existing Laboratory facility
at Gandhinagar
Field Stations
100.00
45.00
105.40
47.44
Research Stations
Transportation of corals from other
coral reef areas
Library
E2
Grant/ Assistance
E3
Goods and Equipment
Purchase of Equipment (National
Shopping/ICB/NCB)
8.00
3.98
140.00
Fixed Deposit (LC for ICB Packages)
Marine Research and Patrolling Boat
2.03
0.74
84.55
46.93
4.00
4.50
300.98
291.58
0.00
0.00
398.53
380.94
Small Boats
Total for E
F
Departmental Costs
Not to be Financed
F1
Operational Cost
F2
Support Cost
Sub Total
Grand Total
140
Annexures
Annexure-1.3
Annual Work Plan (2014-2015)
Sr.
No.
A
Component
Activity
Amount
(In Lacs)
Institutional Cost
A1
Investment Cost
Office Equipment
Air Conditioner
Almirah
Scanner
Camera
Desk Tops
Laptop
Printers
Servers
Slide Projector
LED Professional
Financial and Procurement Management consultants
Folk Media Campaign
Vehicles
Jeep/Car
Total for A1
A2
0.00
Operational Cost
Manpower (Tech, Procurement, Fin. , Adm.)
95.24
Reimbursement
43.55
Office Rent
Telephone
3.90
4.90
1.60
141
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
Activity
Amount
(In Lacs)
Repair & Maintenance (Computer)
1.50
AMC'S
3.00
0.10
Power & Fuel
5.00
1.90
3.50
Consumables
5.85
Field Base Maintenance
3.00
Laboratory Maintenance
3.00
Boat Hiring Cost
5.00
Boat Maintenance & Operational Cost
Sub Total
B
1.30
43.55
Total for A2
138.79
Total for A
138.79
Capacity Building
B1
Training Programs
Training in Country
3.00
Training in State
5.00
3.00
Visit to other institutions and states
Exposure visit – Foreign
Sub Total
B2
11.00
Workshops & Seminar
Workshops
Seminars & Workshops
5.00
C
Sub Total
5.00
Total for B
16.00
Monitoring &
Evaluation
C1
Concurrent Monitoring (Physical, Financial, Procurement,
Processes, etc.)
5.00
142
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
Activity
Amount
(In Lacs)
Sub Total
C2
D
5.00
Sub Total
0.00
Total for C
5.00
Communication
Web Site
Workshops
Advertisement
3.00
Community Newspaper
Cable TV
E
3.00
Sub Total
6.00
Total for D
6.00
Physical
E1
Civil Works
Expansion of Existing Laboratory facility at Gandhinagar
Field Stations
20.00
100.00
Research Station at G'Nagar
Transportation of corals from other coral reef areas
3.00
Artificial reef / substratum preparation
3.00
Library
E2
Grant/ Assistance
E3
Goods and Equipment
Purchase of Equipment
315.53
Fixed Deposit (LC for ICB Packages)
Marine Research and Patrolling Boat (Hiring)
Small Boats
80.00
Total for E
521.53
Total
687.32
143
Annexures
Annexure-1.4
Progress in Financial year 2014-15(Till July ‘14)
Sr.
No.
A
Component
Activity
Opening
Balance
(01/04/2014)
April '14 To
July ‘14
Cumulative
till date
(31/07/2014)
Institutional Cost
A1
Investment Cost
Office Equipment and Furniture & Fittings
Air Conditioner
780538
780538
86825
86825
Aqua guard
0
0
Camera
0
0
Chair
0
0
Computer Table
0
0
2232970
2232970
DVD Player
0
0
Electronic Pencil
0
0
Fax Machines
0
0
File Cabinet
0
0
Freeze
0
0
Laptop
304450
304450
LCD projector
0
0
Meeting Room setting up
0
0
0
0
539553.50
539553.5
Public Address System
0
0
Servers
0
0
Slide Projector
0
0
Table
0
0
397478
397478
0
0
1958889
1958889
Almirah
Desk Tops
Plotter and colour printer (size A06)
Printers
TV
Vehicles
Sub Total
378025
-13125
364900
0
6678728.50
0
-13125.00
6665603.50
144
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
Activity
Opening
Balance
(01/04/2014)
April '14 To
July ‘14
Cumulative
till date
(31/07/2014)
Financial and Procurement
Management consultants
0
0
0
0
Folk Media Campaign
0
0
Sub Total
0
0
0
6678728.50
-13125.00
6665603.50
13421028
2753447
16174475
Total for A1
A2
Operational Cost
Manpower (Tech, Procurement, Fin. ,
Adm.) Details enclosed.
Reimbursement
0
0
Office Rent
68000
Telephone
463103
134190
597293
1403245
380661
1783906
34253
Repair and Maintenance
98380
32679
131059
208248
-76051
132197
AMC'S
Power & Fuel
34253
15816
15816
443779
443779
311122.50
70516
381638.5
849596
101930
951526
Consumables
636579
61710
698289
403230
341500
744730
Sub Total
18356379.5
3800582
22156961.5
Total for A2
18356379.5
3800582
22156961.5
25035108.00
3787457
28822565.00
840335
174286
1014621
Total for A
B
68000
Capacity Building
B1
Training Programs
Training in Country
Exposure visit - Foreign
Sub Total
0
0
94877
94877
935212
174286
1109498
145
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Component
B2
Activity
Cumulative
till date
(31/07/2014)
0
0
62768
62768
District Level/Intermediary Level
0
0
Village Level
0
0
Manual preparation expenses
0
0
Travel cost to Participants
0
0
Other overheads- Workshops
0
0
0
0
State Level-Apex Level
Sub Total
Total for B
62768
0
62768
997980
174286
1172266
140798
82184
222982
Monitoring & Evaluation
C1
Concurrent Monitoring (Physical, Financial,
Procurement, Processes, etc.)
Financial Review Consultants
0
0
Procurement Audit
0
0
0
0
Monitoring and evaluation
consultants
Sub Total
C2
Sub Total
Total for C
D
April '14 To
July ‘14
Workshops & Seminar
Workshops
C
Opening
Balance
(01/04/2014)
140798
82184
222982
0
0
0
0
0
140798
82184
222982
Communication
Web Site
0
0
Workshops
0
0
Advertisement
1597727
2926
1600653
0
0
Community Newspaper
0
Cable TV
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sub Total
1597727
2926
1600653
Total for D
1597727
2926
1600653
146
Annexures
Sr.
No.
E
Component
Activity
Opening
Balance
(01/04/2014)
April '14 To
July ‘14
Cumulative
till date
(31/07/2014)
Physical
E1
E2
E3
Works
Activity 1
429241
187375
616616
Activity 2
166710
8300
175010
Activity n
15298913
5146272
20445185
Grant/ Assistance
0
Activity 1
408767
408767
Activity 2
0
0
Activity n
0
0
Goods and Equipment
Purchase of Equipment
0
21988174
5041668
27029842
Purchase of GPS
0
Activity n
636100
Sub Total
38927905
Cash
636100
10383615
49311520
0
0
Balance
Total for E
Grand Total
0
38927905
10383615
49311520
66699518.00
14430468.00
81129986.00
147
Annexures
Annexure-1.5
Quarterly Fund and Expenditure Status (August – 2010 to July – 2014)
Financial
Year
Quarter
Cumulative
Grant
Grant
Received
Cumulative
Expenditure
Expenditure
Incurred
Balance
Fund
Opening
Q1
April
May
June
Sub Total
0
0
0
0
0
Q2
July
August
27.71
5.70
September
2010-11
Sub Total
14.25
27.71
27.71
19.95
19.95
7.76
Q3
October
0.72
November
4.27
December
Sub Total
25.00
52.71
25.00
0.46
25.40
5.45
27.31
Q4
January
0.61
February
3.46
March
23.22
Sub Total
52.71
0
52.68
27.29
0.03
Grand Total
52.71
52.71
52.68
52.68
0.03
0.03
Opening
Q1
2011-12
April
52.68
20.00
7.99
May
3.14
June
8.57
148
Annexures
Financial
Year
Quarter
Cumulative
Grant
Sub Total
72.71
Grant
Received
20.00
Cumulative
Expenditure
72.38
Expenditure
Incurred
Balance
Fund
19.69
0.33
Q2
July
20.00
2.33
August
3.62
September
3.81
Sub Total
92.71
20.00
82.14
9.76
10.57
Q3
October
5.17
November
80.00
6.64
December
Sub Total
4.98
172.71
80.00
98.93
16.79
73.78
Q4
January
8.93
February
5.78
March
29.28
Sub Total
172.71
0.00
142.92
43.99
29.79
Grand Total
172.71
0.00
142.92
43.99
29.79
29.79
Opening
Q1
43.99
April
8.28
May
16.32
June
2012-13
25.00
Sub Total
197.71
Q2
39.38
25.00
14.78
182.30
July
15.41
12.10
August
50.50
15.19
September
Sub Total
39.38
26.50
248.21
50.50
236.09
53.79
12.12
149
Annexures
Financial
Year
Quarter
Cumulative
Grant
Grant
Received
Cumulative
Expenditure
Expenditure
Incurred
Balance
Fund
Q3
October
50.50
12.48
November
6.21
December
20.56
Sub Total
298.71
50.50
275.34
39.25
23.37
Q4
January
94
February
9.85
March
23.64
Sub Total
392.71
94.00
332.97
57.63
59.74
Grand Total
392.71
94.00
332.97
57.63
59.74
59.74
Opening
Q1
57.63
April
13.64
May
39.17
June
4.61
Sub Total
392.71
Q2
57.42
July
2013-14
24.14
0.00
390.39
100
2.32
7.34
August
6.23
September
Sub Total
57.42
0.00
492.71
100.00
13.84
417.80
27.41
74.91
Q3
October
150
48.41
November
70.41
December
17.07
Sub Total
642.71
150.00
553.69
135.89
89.02
150
Annexures
Financial
Year
Quarter
Cumulative
Grant
Grant
Received
Cumulative
Expenditure
Expenditure
Incurred
Balance
Fund
Q4
January
51.20
February
100
16.80
March
92.22
Sub Total
742.71
100.00
713.91
160.22
28.80
Grand Total
742.71
100.00
713.91
160.22
28.80
Q1
April
14.75
May
100.00
25.66
June
Sub Total
2014-15
75.60
842.71
100.00
829.92
116.01
12.79
Q2
July
100
28.30
August
September
Sub Total
942.71
100.00
858.22
28.30
84.49
Grand Total
942.71
100.00
858.22
28.30
84.49
151
Annexures
Annexure – 1.6
Activity-wise Expenditure Statement from F.Y. 2010-11 to July-2014 &
Activity-wise Annual Action Plan from August-2014 to F.Y. 2015-16 (upto Dec-15)
Sr.
No.
A
Component - Activity
Expenditure Statement from F.Y. 2010-11 to
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
F.Y. 2014-15 (April'14 to March'15)
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
Institutional Cost
A1
Investment Cost
2500000
2500000
0
Office Equipment
Air Conditioner
Almirah
780538
780538
86825
86825
Scanner
780538
500000
586825
350000
350000
Aqua guard
0
Camera
0
Desk Tops
2232970
2232970
2732970
500000
DVD Player
0
Electronic Pencil
0
Fax Machines
0
Freeze
0
Laptop
304450
304450
504450
200000
152
Annexures
Sr.
No.
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
0
LCD projector
LED Professional
300000
300000
Plotter and colour
printer (size A06)
Printers
0
539553.5
539553.5
789553.5
250000
Public Address
System
0
Servers
600000
600000
Slide Projector
600000
600000
Telephone 6 lines +
EPABX
397478
397478
397478
TV
0
Consultants Support Agencies
0
Financial and
Procurement
Management
consultants
0
Inter Personal IEC
Materials
0
153
Annexures
Sr.
No.
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
Folk Media
Campaign
Xerox, copier &
others
0
378025
-13125
364900
Purchase of
Software
600000
964900
200000
200000
0
Vehicles
Jeep/Car
Total for A1
A2
1958889
6678728.5
-13125
1958889
2100000
4058889
6665604
8700000
15365604
0
Operational Cost
Manpower (Tech,,
Procurement, Fin. ,
Adm) Details
enclosed.
13421028
2753447
16174475
5600000
1400000
32503275
7728800
0
Reimbursement
Office operating
cost
4935351.5
1047135
6451032
68000
50000
400000
346000
1343293
1750000
428000
3961906
Office Rent
68000
Telephone
463103
134190
597293
1403245
380661
1783906
Vehicle Running &
Maintenance
600000
19444519
5982486.5
5511000
118000
154
Annexures
Sr.
No.
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
Books and
Periodicals
34253
Repair &
Maintenance
(Computer)
98380
AMC'S
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
34253
32679
-76051
132197
15816
15816
Power & Fuel
443779
443779
311122.5
70516
381638.5
Travelling &
Conveyance
849596
101930
951526
Consumables
636579
61710
698289
Field Base
Maintenance
0
Laboratory
Maintenance
0
Boat Hiring Cost
Boat Maintenance
& Operational Cost
384460
341500
Total
Revised
MTR
160000
194253
210000
741059
600000
1472197
10000
25816
1200000
600000
2243779
400000
146000
927638.5
1200000
410000
2561526
256000
619000
1573289
700000
700000
800000
800000
300000
1525960
400000
208248
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
131059
Postage and
Telegraphs
Printing &
Stationery
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
725960
0
240000
200000
500000
1000000
400000
155
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Other Office
overheads
B
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
18770
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
18770
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
55032
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
182000
255802
Sub Total
4935351.5
1047135
5982486.5
6451032
600000
5511000
19444519
Total for A2
18356380
3800582
22156962
12051032
2000000
13239800
51947794
Total for A
25035108
3787457
28822565
12051032
10700000
13239800
67313397
624336
161019
785355
500000
300000
1585355
Training Programs
Training in Country
Underwater diving
and snorkelling
Training on
Taxonomy
Training on Marine
Biodiversity
Research
Training on
Financial
Management
Training on GIS
Packages
Training on
Laboratory
156
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Training in State
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
150605
13267
163872
200000
Exposure visit in
country
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
500000
863872
300000
88876
388876
Visit to other
institutions and
states
Exposure visit Foreign
Sub Total
863817
174286
1038103
700000
1100000
2838103
Workshops &
Seminar
Workshops
Seminars &
Workshops
134163
134163
500000
934163
300000
Consultancies
/Studies
C
Sub Total
134163
0
134163
300000
500000
934163
Total for B
997980
174286
1172266
1000000
1600000
3772266
Concurrent Monitoring (Physical, Financial, Procurement, Processes, etc.)
External
Consultancies (QA,
etc)
300000
140798
82184
222982
1022982
500000
157
Annexures
Sr.
No.
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
140798
82184
222982
500000
0
0
82184
222982
500000
423757
500000
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
Evaluation of
Outcomes and
Impacts
Sub Total
0
300000
1022982
Evaluation of
Outcomes and
Impacts
Sub Total
Total for C
D
140798
1022982
Communications
Web Site
Workshops
Advertisement
423757
100000
1023757
Media Resource
Group
Community
Newspaper
1173970
2926
1176896
Cable TV
Documentation/Pu
blication
Sub Total
400000
400000
1597727
2926
1600653
500000
2600653
500000
158
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Total for D
E
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
1597727
2926
1600653
500000
10555106
1805863
12360969
5000000
3600000
20960969
4743807
3340409
8084216
4000000
5947000
18031216
348039
40920
388959
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Total
Revised
MTR
2600653
500000
Civil Works
Expansion of
Existing Laboratory
facility at
Gandhinagar
Field Stations
Research Station at
G'Nagar
Transportation of
corals from other
coral reef areas
Artificial reef /
substratum
preparation
1038959
450000
81202
200000
200000
146455
200000
Library
166710
Grant/ Assistance
408767
8300
175010
175010
408767
408767
Goods and
Equipment
Purchase of
Equipment
0
21988174
5041668
27029842
49529842
22500000
159
Annexures
Sr.
No.
Fixed Deposit (LC
for ICB Packages)
Marine Research
and Patrolling Boat
(Hiring)
F.Y. 2013-14 & July-2014
Total
Expenditure
up to march
2014
Requirement for
remaining QTR F.Y.
2014-15 (August'14
to March'15)
F.Y. 2014-15
(Till July'14)
Total Expenditure
up to July 2014
Total
Requirement F.Y.
2015-16 (April'15
to December '15)
Revised
MTR
4693130
4693130
4693130
636100
636100
1136100
500000
Small Boats
Total for E
Revised MTR
and Additional
Requirement
F.Y. 2015-16 (April'15 to
December '15)
7800000
7800000
43621035
10383615
54004650
40250000
9547000
400000
104201650
0
Operational Cost
0
Support Cost
0
Total
Grand Total
71392648
14430468
85823116
71392648
14430468
85823116
54301032
74548032
20247000
16039800
2500000
178910948
18539800
178910948
160
Annexure
Annexure-3.1 Checklist of Angiosperm plants of the Gulf of Kachchh
No.
Species Name
1
Abelmoschus moschatus
2
3
Common Name
Khat bhindi
Family
Habit
Malvaceae
Under shrubs
Abutilon glaucum
Malvaceae
Under Shrubs
Abutilon indicum
Malvaceae
Under Shrubs
Acacia leucophloea
Hermobaval,
Hiver
Mimosaceae
Tree
5
Acacia nilotica
Deshibaval
Mimosaceae
Tree
6
Acacia senegal
Goradio Baval
Mimosaceae
Tree
7
Acacia tortitis
Mimosaceae
Tree
8
Acanthospermum
hispidum
Asteraceae
Herbs
9
Achyranthes aspera
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
10
Aegiceras corniculatam
Myrsinaceae
Tree
11
Aegle marmelos
Bili
Rutaceae
Tree
12
Aeluropus lagopoides
Grass
Poaceae
Grass- Halophytes
13
Aerva javanica
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
14
Aerva lanata
Gorakh ganjo
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
15
Aloe barbadensis
Kuvarpathu
Liliaceae
Shrubs
16
Alternanthera sessilis
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
17
Alysicarpus longifolius
Fabaceae
Herbs
18
Alysicarpus monolifera
Fabaceae
Herbs
19
Alysicarpus vaginalis
Fabaceae
Herbs
20
Amaranthus spinosus
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
21
Arachis hypogaea
Mungfali
Fabaceae
Herbs
22
Argemone mexicana
Darudi
Papaveraceae
Herbs
23
Aristida redacta
Grass
Poaceae
Grass
24
Aristolochia bracteolata
Kidamari
Aristolochiaceae
Herbs
Arthrocnemum indicum
Machhar ni
bhaji
Chenopodiaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
26
Artiplex stocksii
Khati palakh
Chenopodiaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
27
Asparagus dumosus
Liliaceae
Herbs
4
25
Motosamervo
161
Annexure
No.
Species Name
Common Name
Family
Habit
28
Asparagus recemosus
Shatavari
Liliaceae
climber
29
Avicennia marina
Tivar
Avicenniaceae
Tree
30
Azadirachta indica
Limdo
Meliaceae
Tree
31
Balanites aegyptiaca
Ingorio
Balanitaceae
Shrubs
32
Barleria prionitis
Acanthaceae
Herbs
33
Blepharis linorifolia
Acanthaceae
Herbs
34
Blepharis maderspatensis
Acanthaceae
Herbs
35
Blepharis repens
Acanthaceae
Herbs
36
Blepharis sindica
Acanthaceae
Herbs
37
Boerhavia chinensis
Nyctaginaceae
Herbs
38
Boerhavia diffusa
Satodi
Nyctaginaceae
Herbs
39
Cadaba fruticosa
Batkani
Capparaceae
Shrubs
40
Calotropis gigantia
Akado
Asclepiadaceae
Shrubs
41
Calotropis procera
Nano Akado
Asclepiadaceae
Shrubs
42
Canavalia cathartica
Fabaceae
Herbs
43
Capparis decidua
Capparaceae
Shrubs
44
Cardiospermum
helicacabum
Sapindaceae
climber
45
Cassia auriculata
Aval
Caesalpiniaceae
Shrubs
46
Cassia italica
Pataval
Caesalpiniaceae
Herbs
47
Cassia occidentalis
Kasundri
Caesalpiniaceae
Herbs
48
Cassia pumila
Nani Chimed
Caesalpiniaceae
Herbs
49
Cassia sophera var.
sophera
Sundri
Caesalpiniaceae
Shrubs
50
Cassia tora
Puvadiyo
Caesalpiniaceae
Herbs
51
Casuarina equisetifolia
Sharu
Casuarinaceae
Tree
52
Catharanthus roseus
Barmasi
Apocynaceae
Herbs
53
Cayratia carnosa
Vitaceae
climber
54
Celosia argentea
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
55
Cenchrus ciliaris
Poaceae
Grass
56
Ceriops tagal
Rhizophoraceae
Shrubs
Utingan
Kerdo
Lampdi
162
Annexure
No.
Species Name
Common Name
Family
Habit
57
Chenopodium album
Chil, Chil ni bhaji
Chenopodiaceae
Herbs
58
Chrozophora rottleri
Kalo Okharad
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
59
Cicer arietinum
Chana/Chick
peas
Fabaceae
Herbs
60
Cistanche tubulosa
Orobanchaceae
Herbs
61
Citrullus colocynthis
Kadva
indravarna
Cucurbitaceae
climber
62
Cleome viscosa
Pili Tilvan
Capparaceae
Herbs
63
Clerodendrum multiflorum
Arani
Verbenaceae
Shrubs
64
Clitora ternatea
Bibali, koyal,
Garani
Fabaceae
climber
65
Coccinia grandis
Ghiloda
Cucurbitaceae
climber
66
Cocos nucifera
Nariel
Arecaceae
Tree
67
Coculus hirsutus
Vevdi
Menispermaceae
climber
68
Coldenia procumbens
Okhrad,Basario
Boraginaceae
Herbs
69
Commelina benghalensis
Commelinaceae
Herbs
70
Commelina erecta
Commelinaceae
Herbs
71
Commelina forskalaei
Commelinaceae
Herbs
72
Commiphora wightii
Gugal
Burseraceae
Shrubs
73
Convolvulus microphyllus
Shankhavali
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
74
Convolvulus rottlerianus
var.rottlerianus
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
75
Convolvulus stocksii
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
76
Corallocarpus conocarpus
Cucurbitaceae
climber
77
Corchorus aestuans
Chunch,
Chhadhari
Tiliaceae
Herbs
78
Corchorus depressus
Bahuphali
Tiliaceae
Herbs
79
Corchorus tridens
Tiliaceae
Herbs
80
Cordia gharaf
Nani gundi
Boraginaceae
Tree
81
Cressa cretica
Rutandi
Convolvulaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
82
Crotalaria burhia
Kharshan,
Vagdaushan
Fabaceae
Under Shrubs
163
Annexure
No.
Species Name
83
Crotalaria notonii
84
Crotalaria retusa
85
Croton bonplandianus
86
Cucumis callosus
87
Common Name
Family
Habit
Fabaceae
Herbs
Fabaceae
Herbs
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
Kothimdu
Cucurbitaceae
climber
Cucumis prophetarum
Kantalo indran
Cucurbitaceae
climber
88
Cuminum cyminum
Jeera/ Cumin
Apiaceae
Herbs
89
Cymbopogon
schoenanthus
Poaceae
Grass
90
Cynodon dactylon
Poaceae
Grass
91
Cyperus bulbosus
Cyperaceae
Sedges
92
Cyperus conglomaritus
Cyperaceae
Sedges-Halophytes
93
Cyperus rotundus
Cyperaceae
Sedges
94
Dalechampia scandens
Euphorbiaceae
climber
95
Datura metel
Dhanturo
Solanaceae
Herbs
96
Daucus carota
Gajar
Apiaceae
Herbs
97
Desmostachya bipinnata
Darbh
Poaceae
Grass
98
Dichoma tomentosa
Asteraceae
Herbs
99
Digera muricata
Kanjro
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
100
Echinops echinatus
Utkanto
Asteraceae
Herbs
101
Eclipta prostrata
Asteraceae
Herbs
102
Enicostema hyssopifolium
Mamejevo
Gentianaceae
Herbs
103
Eragrostis ciliaris
Grass
Poaceae
Grass
104
Euphorbia dracuncoloides
ubhi dudheli
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
105
Euphorbia hirta
Dudheli
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
106
Euphorbia microphylla
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
107
Euphorbia nivulia
Euphorbiaceae
Shrubs
108
Euphorbia parviflora
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
109
Euphurbia tirucalli
Euphorbiaceae
Shrubs
110
Evolvulus alsinoides
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
111
Fagonia cretica
Zygophyllaceae
Herbs
112
Ficus benghalensis
Moraceae
Tree
Gughro
Grass
Thor
Kharsani
Vad
164
Annexure
No.
Species Name
113
Ficus religiosa
114
Fimbristylis cymbaria
115
Glinus lotoides
116
Common Name
Piplo
Family
Habit
Moraceae
Tree
Cyperaceae
Sedges
Kadavo
Molluginaceae
Herbs
Goniogyna hirta
Adidyo
Fabaceae
Herbs
117
Gossypium sp.
Kapas
Malvaceae
Shrubs
118
Grangea maderaspatana
Asteraceae
Herbs
119
Grewia tenax
Nagbala
Tiliaceae
Shrubs
120
Grewia villosa
Kare pado
Tiliaceae
Shrubs
121
Halopyrum mucronatum
Poaceae
Grass- Halophytes
122
Helianthus annuus
Asteraceae
Herbs
123
Helichrysum cutchicum
Asteraceae
Herbs
124
Heliotropium bacciferum
Boraginaceae
Herbs
125
Heliotropium curassavica
Boraginaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
126
Heliotropium strigosum
Boraginaceae
Herbs
127
Hewittia sublobata
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
128
Hibiscus ovilifolious
Malvaceae
Herbs
129
Hibiscus palmatus
Malvaceae
Herbs
130
Hyphnea dichotoma
Arecaceae
Tree
131
Hyptis suaveolens
Lamiaceae
Herbs
132
Indigofera cordifolia
Fabaceae
climber
133
Indigofera linifolia var.
linifolia
Jinkigali
Fabaceae
climber
134
Indigofera oblongifolia
Zil, Ziladi,Zildo
Fabaceae
Herbs
135
Ipomea coptica
Convolvulaceae
climber
136
Ipomoea acquatica
Nali ni bhaji
Convolvulaceae
climber
137
Ipomoea eriocarpa
Bodi fudardi
Convolvulaceae
climber
138
Ipomoea fistulosa
Convolvulaceae
climber
139
Ipomoea obscura
Vad fudardi
Convolvulaceae
climber
140
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Dariani vel
Convolvulaceae
climber-Halophytes
141
Ipomoea pes-tigridis
Photial
Convolvulaceae
climber
142
Launaea procumbens
Moti Bhonpatri
Asteraceae
Herbs
Chanak bhindo
Ravan tad
165
Annexure
No.
Species Name
143
Launaea resedifolia
144
Lepidagathis trinervis
145
Common Name
Family
Habit
Asteraceae
Herbs
Harancharo
Acanthaceae
Herbs
Leptadenia pyrotechnica
Khip
Asclepiadaceae
Shrubs
146
Leptadenia reticulata
Dodi
Asclepiadaceae
climber
147
Leucaena leucoephala
Pardesi baval
Mimosaceae
Tree
148
Leucas aspera
Kubi
Lamiaceae
Herbs
149
Leucas cephalotes
Khetarau kubo
Lamiaceae
Herbs
150
Limonia acidissima
Kothi, Kotha
Rutaceae
Tree
151
Limonium stocksii
Plumbaginaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
152
Lotus garcini
Van-methi
Fabaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
153
Manilkara hexandra
Rayan
Sapotaceae
Tree
154
Maytenus emarginata
Celastraceae
Shrubs
155
Melia azedarach
Bakan Limdo
Meliaceae
Tree
156
Merremia gangetica
Undardi
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
157
Merremia tridentata var.
tridentata
Bhinigario
Convolvulaceae
Herbs
158
Mimosa hamata
Mimosaceae
Under Shrubs
159
Momordica charantia
Karela
Cucurbitaceae
climber
160
Moringa oleifera
Saragavo
Moringaceae
Tree
161
Mukia maderaspatana
Chanak chibhdi
Cucurbitaceae
climber
162
Nerium indicum
Lalkaren
Apocynaceae
Shrubs
163
Nymphaea stellata
Poyana,
Kumudini
Nymphaeaceae
Herbs
164
Ocimum bacillcum
Ran Tulsi
Lamiaceae
Herbs
165
Oldenlandia corymbosa
Rubiaceae
Herbs
166
Opuntia elatior
Phafdathor
Cactaceae
Shrubs
167
Parkinsonia aculeata
Rambaval
Caesalpiniaceae
Tree
168
Parthenium hysterophorus
Asteraceae
Herbs
169
Pedalium murex
Ubhu gokharu
Pedaliaceae
Herbs
170
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Tamrafali
Caesalpiniaceae
Tree
171
Pentatropis spiralis
Shigaroti
Asclepiadaceae
climber
166
Annexure
No.
Species Name
Common Name
Family
Habit
172
Pergularia daemia
Asclepiadaceae
climber
173
Periploca aphylla
Periplocaceae
Herbs
174
Peristrophe bicalyculata
Acanthaceae
Herbs
175
Phoenix sylvestris
Arecaceae
Tree
176
Phyla nodiflora
Verbenaceae
Herbs
177
Phyllanthus fraternus
Bhoy amli
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
178
Phyllanthus
maderaspatensis
Bakarato
Euphorbiaceae
Herbs
179
Physalis minima
Popti
Solanaceae
Herbs
180
Pithecellobium dulce
Gorasamli
Mimosaceae
Tree
181
polycarpaea corymbosa
Caryophyllaceae
Herbs
182
Polycarpaea spicata
Caryophyllaceae
Herbs
183
Polygala erioptera
Polygalaceae
Herbs
184
Polygonum plebeium
Polygonaceae
Herbs
185
Portulaca tuberosa
portulacaceae
Herbs
186
Prosopis cineraria
Khijado, Shami
Mimosaceae
Tree
187
Prosopis juliflora
Gando Baval
Mimosaceae
Tree-Halophyes
188
Pulicaria (Yellow)
Asteraceae
Herbs
189
Pupalia lappacea
Amaranthaceae
Herbs
190
Rhizophora mucronata
Kurod
Rhizophoraceae
Tree
191
Rhynchosia minima var
minima
Nahnikamalvel
Fabaceae
climber
192
Rungia repens
Acanthaceae
Herbs
193
Ruppia maritima
Ruppiaceae
Herbs
194
Salicornia brachiata
Machhar ni
bhaji
Chenopodiaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
195
Salvadora oleoides
Mithu Pilu
Salvadoraceae
Tree
196
Salvadora persica
Khari Pilu
Salvadoraceae
Tree-Halophyes
197
Salvia santollinaefolia
Lamiaceae
Herbs
198
Senra incana
Malvaceae
Herbs
199
Sericostoma pauciflorum
Karvas
Ehretiaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
200
Sesamum indicum
Tal
Pedaliaceae
Herbs
Khajuri
Vajrdanti
167
Annexure
No.
Species Name
201
Sesbania bispinosa
202
Common Name
Ekad
Family
Habit
Fabaceae
Under Shrubs
Sesuvium portulacastrum
Aizoaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
203
Setaria glauca
Poaceae
Grass
204
Setaria verticillata
Poaceae
Grass
205
Sida cordifolia
Malvaceae
Herbs
206
Sida spinosa
Malvaceae
Herbs
207
Solanum indicum
Udhi Ringani
Solanaceae
Herbs
208
Solanum surattense
Bhoy Ringani
Solanaceae
Herbs
209
Sorghum bicolor
Juwar
Poaceae
Grass
210
Spergula arvensis
Caryophyllaceae
Herbs
211
Sporobolus
maderaspatana
Poaceae
Grass- Halophytes
212
Striga angustifolia
Scrophulariaceae
Herbs
213
Striga densiflora
Scrophulariaceae
Herbs
214
Suaeda fruticosa
Khari luni ni
bhaji
Chenopodiaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
215
Suaeda nudiflora
Morus
Chenopodiaceae
Under
Shrubs/Halophytes
216
Tamarindus indica
Amli
Caesalpiniaceae
Tree
217
Tamarix dioica
Bhuri pras
Tamaricaceae
Tree-Halophyes
218
Tamarix ericoides
Tamaricaceae
Shrubs
219
Tamarix stricta
Tamaricaceae
Shrubs-Halophyes
220
Taverniera cuneifolia
Jethi madh
Fabaceae
Under Shrubs
221
Tephrosia purpurea
Sarpankho
Fabaceae
Under Shrubs
222
Tephrosia strigosa
Fabaceae
Herbs
223
Terminalia catappa
Desi Badam
Combretaceae
Tree
224
Thespesia populnea
Paras pipado
Malvaceae
Tree
225
Thevetia peruviana
Pili Karen
Apocynaceae
Shrubs
226
Tinospora cordifolia
Gulvel
Menispermaceae
climber
227
Trachyspermum ammi
Ajwain
Apiaceae
Herbs
228
Tragia hildebrandtii
Euphorbiaceae
Shrubs
229
Tragus racemosus
Poaceae
Grass
168
Annexure
No.
Species Name
230
Trianthema
portulacastrum
231
Trianthema triquetra
232
Tribulus terrestris
233
Trichodesma indicum
234
Tridax procumbens
235
Triumfetta rotundifolia
236
Urochondra setulosus
237
Vernonia cinerea
238
Vigna ungniculata sub sp.
Ungniculata
239
Common Name
Satodo
Family
Habit
Aizoaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
Aizoaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
Gokhru
Zygophyllaceae
Herbs
Undha fuli
Boraginaceae
Herbs
Asteraceae
Herbs
Tiliaceae
Herbs
Poaceae
Grass- Halophytes
Sahadevi
Asteraceae
Herbs
Kulthi, Kulith
Fabaceae
climber
Viola cineria
Violaceae
Herbs
240
Xanthium straumarium
Asteraceae
Herbs
241
Zizyphus nummularia
Chani Bor
Rhamnaceae
Tree
242
Zornia gibbosa
Samarapani
Fabaceae
Herbs
243
Zygophyllum simplex
Zygophyllaceae
Herbs-Halophytes
Zipti,Goi,
Gymnosperm
1
Ephedra foliata
Ephedraceae
Shrubs
Pteridophyte
1
Marsilea sp
Marsileaceae
Herbs
169
Annexure
Annexure-3.2 Comparesion of seaweed inventory with previous records
GEC,
Shahoo,
Sr.
No.
Div
1
Rhodophyta
Acanthophora
dendroides
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
2
Rhodophyta
Acanthophora
nayadiformis
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
3
Rhodophyta
Acanthophora
specifera
Rhodomelaceae
√
√
√
√
4
Chlorophyta Acetabularia
calyculus
Polyphysaceae
√
×
√
√
5
Chlorophyta Acrosiphonia
orientalis
Acrosiphoniaceae
√
×
√
×
6
Rhodophyta
Ahnfeltia plicata
Ahnfeltiaceae
√
√
√
√
7
Rhodophyta
Aglaothamnion
tenuissimum
Callithamniceae
√
×
×
×
8
Rhodophyta
Amphiroa fragilissima
Corallinaceae
√
√
√
√
9
Rhodophyta
Asparagopsis
taxiformis
Bonnemaisoniacece
√
√
√
√
10
Chlorophyta Avrainvillea erecta
Udoteaceae
√
×
√
×
11
Rhodophyta
Botryocladia
leptopoda
Rhodymeniaceae
√
√
√
√
12
Rhodophyta
Botryocladia
pseudodichotoma
Champiaceae
√
×
×
×
13
Chlorophyta Bryopsis pennata
Bryopsidaceae
√
×
√
×
14
Chlorophyta Bryopsis plumosa
Bryopsidaceae
√
×
√
×
15
Chlorophyta Caulerpa microphysa
Caulerpaceae
√
√
√
√
16
Chlorophyta Caulerpa peltata
Caulerpaceae
√
×
√
√
17
Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa
Caulerpaceae
√
√
√
√
18
Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa V.
corynephora
Caulerpaceae
√
×
√
×
19
Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa V.
occidentalis
Caulerpaceae
√
√
√
×
Species name
Family
ICZMP
2013
Jha et al. 2009
170
2010
Annexure
Sr.
No.
Div
Species name
20
Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa
V. macrophysa
21
Caulerpa
scalpelliformis V.
Chlorophyta denticulata
22
Caulerpa
scalpelliformis V.
Chlorophyta dwarkensis
Family
Caulerpaceae
ICZMP
GEC,
2013
Jha et al. 2009
Shahoo,
2010
√
×
√
×
√
√
√
×
√
×
√
×
Caulerpaceae
Caulerpaceae
23
Chlorophyta Caulerpa
sertularioides
Caulerpaceae
√
√
√
√
24
Chlorophyta Caulerpa taxifolia
Caulerpaceae
√
√
√
×
25
Chlorophyta Caulerpa veravalensis
Caulerpaceae
√
√
√
×
26
Chlorophyta Caulerpa verticilata
Caulerpaceae
√
×
√
×
27
Rhodophyta
Centroceras
clavulatum
Ceramiaceae
√
√
√
√
28
Rhodophyta
Ceramium cruciatum
Ceramiaceae
√
×
√
×
29
Chlorophyta Chaetomorpha crassa
Cladophoraceae
√
×
√
√
30
Chlorophyta Chaetomorpha
spiralis
Cladophoraceae
√
√
√
×
31
Rhodophyta
Champia globulifera
Champiaceae
√
×
√
×
32
Rhodophyta
Champia indica
Champiaceae
√
√
√
√
33
Rhodophyta
Champia compressa
Champiaceae
√
×
√
√
34
Rhodophyta
Cheilosporum
spectabile
Corallinaceae
√
×
√
×
35
Rhodophyta
Chondracanthus
acicularis
Gigartinaceae
√
×
√
×
36
Rhodophyta
Chondria armata
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
√
37
Chlorophyta Cladophora sp.
Cladophoraceae
√
√
√
×
38
Chlorophyta Cladophora
vagabunda
Cladophoraceae
√
×
√
×
171
Annexure
Sr.
No.
Div
Species name
Family
ICZMP
GEC,
2013
Jha et al. 2009
Shahoo,
2010
39
Chlorophyta Cladophoropsis
javanica
Boodleaceae
√
×
√
×
40
Chlorophyta Codium decorticatum
Codiaceae
√
√
√
√
41
Chlorophyta Codium dwarkense
Codiaceae
√
×
√
√
42
Rhodophyta
Coelarthrum muelleri
Rhodymeniaceae
√
×
√
×
43
Phaeophyta
Colpomenia sinuosa
Scytosiphonaceae
√
×
√
√
44
Rhodophyta
Corallina berteroi
Corallinaceae
√
×
√
√
45
Rhodophyta
Cryptonema
undulata
Halymeniaceae
√
×
√
√
46
Phaeophyta
Cystoseira indica
Sargassaceae
√
√
√
√
47
Phaeophyta
Cystoseira trinodis
Sargassaceae
√
√
√
×
48
Rhodophyta
Dasya punicea
Dasyaceae
√
×
√
×
49
Rhodophyta
Dermonema virens
Liagoraceae
√
√
√
×
50
Phaeophyta
Dictyopteris australis
Dictyotaceae
√
×
√
√
51
Phaeophyta
Dictyopteris
delicatula
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
×
52
Chlorophyta Dictyosphaeria
cavernosa
Siphonocladaceae
√
×
√
×
53
Phaeophyta
Dictyota cervicornis
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
×
54
Phaeophyta
Dictyota ciliolata
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
×
55
Phaeophyta
Dictyota dichotoma
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
√
56
Phaeophyta
Dictyota pinnatifida
Dictyotaceae
√
×
√
√
57
Rhodophyta
Digenea simplex
Rhodomelaceae
√
√
√
×
58
Phaeophyta
Ectocarpus siliculosus
Phaeophyceae
√
√
×
×
59
Chlorophyta Enteromorpha
compressa
Ulvaceae
√
√
√
√
60
flexuosa
Ulvaceae
√
×
√
√
61
intestinalis
Ulvaceae
√
×
√
√
172
Annexure
Sr.
No.
Div
Species name
Family
ICZMP
GEC,
2013
Jha et al. 2009
Shahoo,
2010
62
Chlorophyta Enteromorpha linza
Ulvaceae
√
×
√
×
63
Rhodophyta
Gastroclonium
iyengarii
Champiaceae
√
√
√
×
64
Rhodophyta
Gelidium acerosa
Gelidiellaceae
√
×
×
√
65
Rhodophyta
Gelidium
micropterum
Gelidiaceae
√
×
√
×
66
Rhodophyta
Gelidium pusillum
Gelidiaceae
√
√
√
√
67
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria corticata
Gracilariaceae
√
√
√
√
68
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria corticata
Var. cylindrica
Gracilariaceae
√
×
√
√
69
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria debilis
Gracilariaceae
√
×
√
×
70
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria dura
Gracilariaceae
√
×
√
×
71
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria fergersonii
Gracilariaceae
√
×
√
×
72
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria foliifera
Gracilariaceae
√
√
√
√
73
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria salicornia
Gracilariaceae
√
√
√
×
74
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria textorii
Gracilariaceae
√
√
√
×
75
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria verrucosa
Gracilariaceae
√
×
√
√
76
Rhodophyta
Grateloupia indica
Halymeniaceae
√
×
√
√
77
Rhodophyta
Griffithsia
corallinoides
Wrangeliaceae
√
×
√
√
78
Chlorophyta Halimeda macroloba
Halimedaceae
√
√
√
√
79
Chlorophyta Halimeda tuna
Halimedaceae
√
√
√
√
80
Rhodophyta
Haloplegma duperreyi Wrangeliaceae
√
×
√
×
81
Rhodophyta
Halymenia
porphyraeformis
Halymeniaceae
√
√
√
√
82
Rhodophyta
Halymenia
porphyroides
Halymeniaceae
√
×
√
×
83
Rhodophyta
Halymenia venusta
Halymeniaceae
√
√
√
√
84
Rhodophyta
Heterosiphonia
crispella
Dasyaceae
√
×
√
×
173
Annexure
GEC,
Shahoo,
Sr.
No.
Div
85
Rhodophyta
Heterosiphonia
muelleri
Dasyaceae
√
×
√
×
86
Phaeophyta
Hincksia mitchelliae
Acinetosporaceae
√
×
√
×
87
Phaeophyta
Hormophysa
cuneiformis
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
√
88
Phaeophyta
Hydroclathrus
clathratus
Scytosiphonaceae
√
√
√
√
89
Rhodophyta
Hypnea esperi
Cystocloniaceae
√
×
√
×
90
Rhodophyta
Hypnea musciformis
Cystocloniaceae
√
×
√
√
91
Rhodophyta
Hypnea pannosa
Cystocloniaceae
√
×
√
×
92
Rhodophyta
Hypnea spinella
Cystocloniaceae
√
×
√
×
93
Rhodophyta
Hypnea valentiae
Cystocloniaceae
√
√
√
√
94
Rhodophyta
Hypoglossum
heterocystideum
Delesseriaceae
√
√
√
×
95
Phaeophyta
Iyengaria stellata
Scytosiphonaceae
√
√
√
√
96
Rhodophyta
Jania rubens
Corallinaceae
√
×
√
√
97
Rhodophyta
Kappaphycus alvarezii
Solieriaceae
√
×
√
√
98
Rhodophyta
Laurencia cruciata
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
99
Rhodophyta
Laurencia
glandulifera
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
100
Rhodophyta
Laurencia majuscula
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
101
Rhodophyta
Laurencia obtusa
Rhodomelaceae
√
√
√
√
102
Rhodophyta
Laurencia papillosa
Rhodomelaceae
√
√
√
×
103
Rhodophyta
Laurencia platyclada
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
104
Rhodophyta
Laurencia sp.
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
105
Rhodophyta
Levellea
jaugermanniodes
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
106
Phaeophyta
Levringia boergesenii
Chordariaceae
√
×
√
√
107
Rhodophyta
Liagora ceranoides
Liagoraceae
√
×
√
×
Species name
Family
ICZMP
2013
Jha et al. 2009
174
2010
Annexure
GEC,
Shahoo,
Sr.
No.
Div
Species name
108
Phaeophyta
Lobophora variegata
Dictyotaceae
√
×
√
√
109
Rhodophyta
Lophocladia
lallemandi
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
×
110
Chlorophyta Monostroma
latissimum
Monostromataceae
√
×
√
×
111
Phaeophyta
Padina boergesenii
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
√
112
Phaeophyta
Padina boryana
Dictyotaceae
√
×
√
×
113
Phaeophyta
Padina
tetrastromatica
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
√
114
Rhodophyta
Peyssonnelia obscura
Peyssonneliaceae
√
×
√
×
115
Rhodophyta
Platysiphonia delicata
Sarcomeniaceae
√
×
√
×
116
Rhodophyta
Polysiphonia
denudata
Rhodomelaceae
√
×
√
√
117
Rhodophyta
Porphyra sp.
Bangiaceae
√
×
×
×
118
Rhodophyta
Rhodymenia dissecta
Rhodymeniaceae
√
×
×
√
119
Rhodophyta
Rhodymenia sonderi
Rhodymeniaceae
√
×
√
×
120
Phaeophyta
Rosenvingea intricata
Scytosiphonaceae
√
×
√
×
121
Rhodophyta
Sarconema filiforme
Solieriaceae
√
√
√
√
122
Phaeophyta
Sargassum cinctum
Sargassaceae
√
√
√
×
123
Phaeophyta
Sargassum cinereum
Sargassaceae
√
√
√
√
124
Phaeophyta
Sargassum johnstonii
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
√
125
Phaeophyta
Sargassum
plagiophyllum
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
×
126
Phaeophyta
Sargassum
prismaticum
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
×
127
Phaeophyta
Sargassum swartzii
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
√
128
Phaeophyta
Sargassum
tenerrimum
Sargassaceae
√
√
√
√
129
Phaeophyta
Sargassum vulgare
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
×
130
Rhodophyta
Scinaia carnosa
Scinaiaceae
√
√
√
√
Family
ICZMP
2013
Jha et al. 2009
175
2010
Annexure
GEC,
Shahoo,
Sr.
No.
Div
131
Rhodophyta
Scinaia complanata
Scinaiaceae
√
√
√
×
132
Rhodophyta
Scinaia monoliformis
Scinaiaceae
√
×
√
√
133
Rhodophyta
Sebdenia flabellata
Sebdeniaceae
√
×
√
×
134
Rhodophyta
Solieria chordalis
Solieriaceae
√
√
√
×
135
Rhodophyta
Solieria robusta
Solieriaceae
√
√
√
√
136
Phaeophyta
Spatoglossum
asperum
Dictyotaceae
√
√
√
√
137
Rhodophyta
Spyridia alternans
Spyridiaceae
√
√
√
×
138
Rhodophyta
Spyridia filamentosa
Spyridiaceae
√
√
√
×
139
Phaeophyta
Stoechospermum
marginatum
Dictyotaceae
√
×
√
√
140
Chlorophyta Struvea
anastomosans
Boodleaceae
√
√
√
×
141
Rhodophyta
Tricleocarpa fragilis
Galaxauraceae
√
×
√
×
142
Phaeophyta
Turbinaria ornata
Sargassaceae
√
×
√
√
143
Chlorophyta Udotea indica
Udoteaceae
√
×
√
√
144
Chlorophyta Ulva conglobata
Ulvaceae
√
×
√
×
145
Chlorophyta Ulva fasciata
Ulvaceae
√
×
√
√
146
Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca
Ulvaceae
√
√
√
√
147
Chlorophyta Ulva reticulata
Ulvaceae
√
√
√
√
148
Chlorophyta Ulva rigida
Ulvaceae
√
×
√
×
149
Chlorophyta Valonia aegagropila
Valoniaceae
√
×
√
×
150
Chlorophyta Valonia utricularis
Valoniaceae
√
×
√
√
151
Chlorophyta Valoniopsis
pachynema
Valoniaceae
√
×
√
×
152
Chlorophyta Ulva clatharata
Ulvaceae
√
√
×
×
153
Chlorophyta Ulva sp.
Ulvaceae
√
×
×
√
Species name
Family
ICZMP
2013
Jha et al. 2009
176
2010
Annexures
Annexure-4.1: List of Crustaceans species recorded in GoKtill end of June’14
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Epialtidae
Acanthonyx
euryseroche
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthidae
Atergatis
integerrimus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthidae
Atergatis
floridus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Charybdis
acutifrons
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Charybdis
feriatus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Charybdis
helleri
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Charybdis
natator
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Diogenidae
Clibanarius
infraspinatus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Diogenidae
Clibanarius
humilis
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthidae
Etisus
laevimanus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Grapsidae
Grapsus
albolineatus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Parthenopidae
Lambrus
prensor
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthidae
Leptodius
euglyptus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Matutidae
Matuta
planipes
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Matutidae
Matuta
Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Menippidae
Menippe
rumphii
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Grapsidae
Metopograpsus
messor
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Porcellanidae
Petrolisthes
boscii
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthoidae
Pilodius
areolatus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Pilumnidae
Pilumnus
vespertilo
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Portunus
pelagicus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Portunus
sanguinolentus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthidae
Pseudoliomera
sp.1 - Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Xanthidae
Pseudoliomera
sp.2 - Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Majidae
Schizophrys
Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Scylla
serata
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Thalamita
crenata
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Thalamita
prymna
Crab
177
Annexures
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Thalamita
sp. - Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Epialtidae
Tylocarcinus
Styx
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Ocypodidae
Uca
lactea annulipes
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Ocypodidae
Uca
moriones
Crustacea
Decapoda
Portunidae
Panulirus
polyphagus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Penaeidae
Penaeus
Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Penaeidae
Penaeus
Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Penaeidae
Peneaus
Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Alpheus
Need to identify
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Stomatopoda
Odontodactylidae
Odontodactylus
scyllarus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Penaeidae
Parapenaeopsis
sculptilis
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Periclimenes
brevicarpalis
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Saron
marmoratus
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Saron
sp. Need to identify
Crustacea
Stomatopoda
Squillidae
Oratosquilla
nepa
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Sessilia
Balanidae
Balanus
amphithte
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Sessilia
Balanidae
Balanus
tintinnabulum
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Lepadiformes
Lepadidae
Lepas
tesudinata
Lobster
Arthropoda
Prawn
shrimp
Squilla
Arthropoda
Barnecle
178
Annexures
Bhaidar
Bhaisbid
Boria
Chank
Dedeka-Mundeka
Dhani
Dwarka
Gandhiya Kado
Goose
Kalubhar
Khara-Mitha chusna
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Shan ni Ani
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda reef
76.
9
70.
6
66.
7
71.
4
66.
7
68.
6
62.
9
71.
0
72.
2
81.
3
72.
2
64.
0
71.
4
66.
7
62.
1
66.
7
74.
1
68.
8
54.
5
62.9
71.
4
66.
7
62.
9
59.
3
60.
0
55.
2
66.
7
60.
0
58.
1
58.
1
66.
7
62.
5
57.
1
62.
5
66.
7
66.
7
50.
0
56.
0
55.
2
69.
6
57.
1
55.
6
58.1
66.
7
69.
0
58.
1
52.
2
81.
1
75.
0
57.
1
82.
1
82.
1
80.
0
80.
0
72.
2
85.
0
55.
2
56.
3
85.
0
54.
5
81.
1
64.
5
83.
3
38.
5
82.1
81.
3
81.
1
76.
9
58.
1
77.
4
51.
9
94.
7
89.
5
70.
6
71.
8
68.
6
92.
3
64.
3
51.
6
71.
8
50.
0
72.
2
60.
0
68.
6
24.
0
89.5
77.
4
77.
8
84.
2
46.
7
63.
6
78.
8
72.
7
69.
0
64.
7
66.
7
76.
5
60.
9
53.
8
70.
6
59.
3
71.
0
72.
0
66.
7
40.
0
72.7
76.
9
71.
0
66.
7
40.
0
55.
2
55.
2
56.
0
60.
0
53.
8
53.
3
63.
2
63.
6
60.
0
52.
2
59.
3
57.
1
61.
5
50.
0
55.2
72.
7
51.
9
55.
2
38.
1
90.
0
72.
2
73.
2
75.
7
92.
7
60.
0
54.
5
73.
2
58.
8
73.
7
62.
5
70.
3
29.
6
90.0
78.
8
78.
9
85.
0
43.
8
72.
2
73.
2
70.
3
92.
7
60.
0
60.
6
73.
2
47.
1
68.
4
56.
3
70.
3
37.
0
100.
0
72.
7
78.
9
90.
0
50.
0
75.
7
60.
6
70.
3
61.
5
41.
4
64.
9
40.
0
64.
7
50.
0
78.
8
26.
1
72.2
62.
1
70.
6
66.
7
42.
9
Ajad
*
Bet
Dwarka
*
*
Bhaidar
*
*
*
Bhaisbid
*
*
*
*
Boria
*
*
*
*
*
Chank
*
*
*
*
*
*
DedekaMundeka
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Dhani
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Dwarka
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Pirotan
Bet Dwarka
Ajad
Annexure-4.2: Similarity Matrix of Island of GoK based on Species composition (Crustacean)
179
Khara-Mitha chusna
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Shan ni Ani
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda reef
73.2
70.
6
66.
7
78.
0
60.
6
78.
9
59.
3
66.
7
73.
7
58.
1
68.
6
69.
0
58.
8
58.
3
70.3
66.
7
68.
6
70.
3
62.
1
58.
1
64.
7
76.
2
57.
1
71.
8
66.
7
68.
4
42.
9
92.7
76.
5
82.
1
87.
8
54.
5
52.
2
51.
6
33.
3
50.
0
63.
6
44.
4
35.
3
60.0
69.
6
64.
3
53.
3
45.
5
58.
8
66.
7
58.
1
64.
0
46.
7
70.
0
60.6
61.
5
58.
1
60.
6
48.
0
68.
6
87.
2
60.
6
78.
9
42.
9
73.2
76.
5
71.
8
73.
2
54.
5
68.
8
61.
5
58.
1
57.
1
47.1
59.
3
50.
0
52.
9
38.
5
73.
3
74.
3
40.
0
68.4
77.
4
61.
1
78.
9
60.
0
48.
3
52.
6
56.3
72.
0
60.
0
62.
5
58.
3
41.
7
70.3
66.
7
62.
9
70.
3
55.
2
Gandhiya
Kado
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Goose
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Kalubhar
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
KharaMitha
chusna
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Khimarakh
at
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Laku
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Narara
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Noru
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Paga
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Panero
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Pirotan
Kalubhar
35.
7
Gandhiya Kado
78.
9
Dwarka
60.
6
Dhani
82.
1
Dedeka-Mundeka
51.
4
Chank
76.
2
Boria
52.
9
Bhaisbid
58.
1
Bhaidar
71.
4
Bet Dwarka
68.
4
Ajad
Goose
Annexures
180
Ajad
Bet Dwarka
Bhaidar
Bhaisbid
Boria
Chank
Dedeka-Mundeka
Dhani
Dwarka
Gandhiya Kado
Goose
Kalubhar
Khara-Mitha chusna
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shan ni Ani
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda reef
Annexures
Pashu
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
37.0
40.
0
40.
0
44.
4
52.
6
Pirotan
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
72.
7
78.
9
90.
0
50.
0
Shan ni
Ani
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
71.
0
66.
7
48.
0
Shivrajpur
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
73.
7
53.
3
Sikka
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
VudaKuda
reef
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
62.
5
*
181
Annexures
Annexure-4.3: List of Molluscs recorded in the GoK till end of June’14
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
1
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Cardioidea
Cardiidae
Maoricadium
setosum
2
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Cardioidea
Cardiidae
Vasticardium
flavum flavum
3
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Cardioidea
Cardiidae
Vepricardium
4
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Cardioidea
Cardiidae
Vasticardium
elongatum
5
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Carditoida
Carditoidea
Carditidae
Cardita
calyculata
6
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Tellinoidea
Psammobiidae
Gari
radiate
7
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Dosinia
8
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Atrina
serrata
9
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Periglypta
reticulata
10
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Paphia
rotundata
11
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Paphia
malabarica
12
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Protapes
gallus
13
Bivalvia
Heterodonta
Veneroida
Veneroidea
Veneridae
Paphia
textile
14
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Arcoida
Arcoidea
Arcidae
Anadara
gubernaculum
15
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Arcoida
Arcoidea
Noetiidae
Striarca
symmetrica
16
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Ostreoida
Ostreoidea
Ostreidae
Crassostrea
Need to identify
17
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Pectinoida
Pectinoidea
Pectinidae
Pectin
Need to identify
18
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Pterioida
Pinnoidea
Pinnidae
Pinna
19
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Pterioida
Pinnoidea
Pinnidae
Pinna
Need to identify
Need to identify
bicolour
Need to identify
182
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
20
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Pterioida
Pinnoidea
Pinnidae
Atrina
vexillum
21
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Pterioida
Pterioidea
Pteriidae
Pinctada
imbricata fucata
22
Cephalopoda
Coleoidea
Myopsida
Loliginidae
Sepioteuthis
23
Cephalopoda
Coleoidea
Octopoda
Octopodoidea
Octopodidae
Octopus
Vulgaris
24
Cephalopoda
Coleoidea
Octopoda
Octopodoidea
Octopodidae
Octopus
Need to identify
25
Cephalopoda
Coleoidea
Sepiida
Sepiidae
Sepia
Need to identify
26
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Buccinidae
Pollia
undosa
27
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Columbellidae
Pyrene
flava
28
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Columbellidae
Pyrene
29
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Columbellidae
Pyrene
versicolor
30
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Columbellidae
Mitrella
blanda
31
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Melongenidae
Volegalea
cochlidium
32
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Melongenidae
Pugilina
33
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Nassariidae
Nassarius
distortus
34
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Nassariidae
Nassarius
sufflatus
35
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Nassariidae
Nassarius
olivaceus
36
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Buccinoidea
Nassariidae
Nassarius
reeveanus
37
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Conoidea
Conidae
Conus
dictator
38
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Babyloniidae
Babylonia
spirata
39
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Mitridae
Mitra
Need to identify
Need to identify
Need to identify
Sp. Need to identify
183
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
40
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Mitridae
Mitra
41
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Mitridae
Mitra
scutulata
42
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Mitridae
Mitra
guttata
43
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Chicoreus
Need to identify
44
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Chicoreus
45
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Chicoreus
brunneus
46
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Chicoreus
ramosus
47
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Chicoreus
48
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Indothais
sacellum
49
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Murex
ternispina
50
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Thais
sp.
51
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Indothais
lacera
52
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricoidea
Muricidae
Haustellum
haustellum
53
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Olivoidea
Olividae
oliva
caerulea
54
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Olivoidea
Olividae
oliva
Need to identify
55
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Olivoidea
Olividae
Olivancillaria
Need to identify
56
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Ovulidae
Phenacovolva
rosea
57
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Erosaria
ocellata
58
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Erosaria
turdus
59
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Erronea
onyx
184
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
60
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Lyncina
lynx
61
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Mauritia
grayana
62
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Mauritia
arabica
63
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Palmadusta
lentiginosa
64
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Monetaria
annulus
65
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeidae
Erronea
pallida
66
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Littorinoidea
Littorinidae
Littoraria
intermedia
67
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Naticoidea
Naticidae
Natica
picta
68
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Naticoidea
Naticidae
Natica
69
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Naticoidea
Naticidae
Neverita
didyma
70
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Stromboidea
Rostellariidae
Tibia
insulaechorab
71
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Tonnoidea
Ranellidae
Gyrineum
natator
72
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Tonnoidea
Bursidae
Bufonaria
echinata
73
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Tonnoidea
Bursidae
Bursa
granularis
74
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Xenophoroidea
Xenophoridae
Stellaria
solaris
75
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Cerithiidae
Batillaria
sordida
76
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Cerithiidae
Cerithium
scabridum
77
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Cerithiidae
Cerithium
coralium
78
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Planaxidae
Planaxis
sulcatus
79
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Potamididae
Cerithidea
cingulata
Need to identify
185
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
80
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
81
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
82
Gastropoda
83
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
Cerithioidea
Potamididae
Telescopium
telescopium
Cerithioidea
Cerithiidae
Cerithium
echinatum
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Turritellidae
Turritella
duplicata
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Turritellidae
Turritella
terebra
84
Gastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Cerithioidea
Turritellidae
Turritella
columnaris
85
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Pyramidelloidea
Pyramidellidae
Turbinella
pyrum
86
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Cephalaspidea
Bulloidea
Bullidae
Bulla
ampulla
87
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Anaspidea
Aplysioidea
Aplysiidae
Aplysia
dactylomela
88
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Systellommatophora
Onchidioidea
Onchidiidae
Onchidium
tigrinum
89
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Systellommatophora
Onchidioidea
Onchidiidae
Onchidium
Need to identify
90
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Systellommatophora
Onchidioidea
Onchidiidae
Onchidium
91
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Systellommatophora
Onchidioidea
Onchidiidae
Onchidium
92
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Aeolidioidea
Aeolidiidae
Aeolidia
93
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Aeolidioidea
Aeolidiidae
Aeolidia
94
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Aeolidioidea
Facelinidae
Pteraeolidia
ianthina
95
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Aeolidioidea
Facelinidae
Sakuraeolis
gujaratica
96
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Aeolidioidea
Facelinidae
Phyllodesmium
Need to identify
97
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Chromodorididae
Hypselodoris
infucata
98
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Chromodorididae
Hypselodoris
sagamiensis
99
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Discodorididae
Hoplodoris
grandiflora
186
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
100
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Discodorididae
Jorunna
funebris
101
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Discodorididae
Sclerodoris
tuberculata
102
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Discodorididae
Atagema
rugosa
103
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Doridoidea
Discodorididae
Tayuva
lilacina
104
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Phyllidioidea
Dendrodorididae
Doriopsilla
miniata
105
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Tritonioidea
Bornellidae
Bornella
stellifer
106
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Nudibranchia
Tritonioidea
Tritonioidea
Bornella
Need to identify
107
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Cephalaspidea
Haminoeoidea
Haminoeidae
Haminoea
Need to identify
108
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Sacoglossa
Plakobranchoidea
Plakobranchidae
Elysia
ornata
109
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Sacoglossa
Plakobranchoidea
Plakobranchidae
Elysia
tomentosa
110
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Sacoglossa
Plakobranchoidea
Plakobranchidae
Elysia
obtusa
111
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Cephalaspidea
Philinoidea
Philinidae
Philine
lima
112
Gastropoda
Heterobranchia
Anaspidea
Aplysioidea
Aplysiidae
Aplysia
oculifera
113
Gastropoda
Neritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha
Neritoidea
Neritidae
Neritina
violacea
114
Gastropoda
Neritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha
Neritoidea
Neritidae
Nerita
albicilla
115
Gastropoda
Neritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha
Neritoidea
Neritidae
Nerita
oryzarum
116
Gastropoda
Neritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha
Neritoidea
Neritidae
Nerita
litterata
117
Gastropoda
Neritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha
Neritoidea
Neritidae
Nerita
118
Gastropoda
Patellogastropoda
Lottioidea
Nacellidae
Cellana
radiata
119
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Angarioidea
Angariidae
Angaria
delphinus
187
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
120
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Fissurelloidea
Fissurellidae
Clypidina
notata
121
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Fissurelloidea
Fissurellidae
Diodora
lima
122
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Fissurelloidea
Fissurellidae
Scutus
unguis
123
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Fissurelloidea
Fissurellidae
Diodora
singaporensis
124
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Seguenzioidea
Chilodontidae
Euchelus
asper
125
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Calliostomatidae
Calliostoma
laugieri
126
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Calliostomatidae
Calliostoma
tranquebaricam
127
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Tegulidae
Tectus
tentorium
128
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Clanculus
ceylonicus
129
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Ethalia
carneolata
130
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Monodonta
australis
131
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Pseudominolia
gradata
132
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Tectus
nilotichus
133
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Trochus
radiatus
134
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Umbonium
vestiarium
135
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochidae
Stomatia
phymotis
136
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Astraea
Need to identify
137
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Astralium
Need to identify
138
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Astralium
semicostatum
139
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Lunella
coronata
188
Annexures
S.N
Class
Subclass
Order
Superfamily
Family
Genus
Species
140
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Turbo
intercostalis
141
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Turbo
bruneus
142
Gastropoda
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Turbinidae
Turbo
argyrostomus
143
Scaphopoda
Dentaliida
Dentaliidae
Dentalium
aprinum
144
Scaphopoda
Dentaliida
Dentaliidae
Dentalium
Need to identify
145
Polyplacophora
Neoloricata
Chitonida
Chitonoidea
Chitonidae
Chiton
146
Polyplacophora
Neoloricata
Chitonida
Chitonoidea
Chitonidae
Chiton
147
Polyplacophora
Neoloricata
Chitonida
Chitonoidea
Chitonidae
Chiton
189
Annexures
Gandhiya Kado
Goose
Kalubhar
Khara-Mitha
chusna
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shan ni Ani
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda reef
Dwarka
Dwarka
Dhani
Dhani
DedekaMundeka
DedekaMundeka
Chank
Chank
Boria
Boria
Bhaisbid
Bhaisbid
Bhaidar
Bhaidar
Bet Dwarka
Bet Dwarka
Ajad
Ajad
Annexure-4.4: Similarity Matrix of Island of GoK based on Species composition (Mollusc)
*
48.
1
69.
1
41.
5
56.
0
55.
8
40.
7
58.
6
65.
3
57.
6
61.
5
53.
1
58.
8
54.
2
54.
2
63.
2
62.
1
55.
2
54.
5
51.
7
52.
9
52.
5
60.
4
61.
0
65.
5
*
50.
8
66.
7
48.
1
38.
3
88.
9
48.
4
45.
3
44.
4
46.
4
47.
1
40.
0
46.
2
38.
1
36.
1
45.
2
38.
7
44.
1
41.
9
47.
2
46.
2
49.
1
50.
8
58.
1
*
37.
9
72.
7
54.
2
46.
9
66.
7
66.
7
81.
3
49.
1
69.
6
60.
7
45.
3
59.
4
48.
4
76.
2
50.
8
66.
7
41.
3
57.
5
63.
6
58.
6
59.
4
66.
7
*
45.
3
26.
1
71.
0
32.
8
42.
3
29.
0
36.
4
32.
8
25.
9
39.
2
41.
9
43.
3
42.
6
32.
8
31.
0
36.
1
39.
4
37.
5
53.
6
45.
2
49.
2
*
41.
9
44.
1
48.
3
53.
1
64.
4
46.
2
53.
1
43.
1
50.
0
78.
0
45.
6
82.
8
48.
3
50.
9
41.
4
52.
9
62.
3
49.
1
44.
1
55.
2
*
38.
5
47.
1
57.
1
46.
2
66.
7
52.
6
45.
5
68.
3
34.
6
48.
0
51.
0
58.
8
45.
8
54.
9
32.
8
40.
7
47.
8
53.
8
62.
7
*
44.
8
44.
8
41.
2
45.
9
46.
6
36.
7
45.
6
38.
2
39.
4
41.
8
47.
8
40.
6
44.
8
49.
4
42.
9
51.
6
52.
9
56.
7
*
52.
6
71.
6
53.
3
83.
3
88.
1
50.
0
44.
8
49.
2
51.
5
54.
5
73.
0
42.
4
63.
2
69.
6
49.
2
59.
7
48.
5
*
65.
5
47.
1
50.
8
48.
0
42.
6
48.
3
50.
0
52.
6
45.
6
51.
9
38.
6
44.
8
46.
7
69.
2
55.
2
56.
1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
190
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shan ni Ani
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda reef
Dwarka
*
Narara
*
Laku
*
Dhani
DedekaMundeka
Chank
*
Khimarakhat
*
Khara-Mitha
chusna
*
Boria
Bhaisbid
Bhaidar
*
Kalubhar
*
Goose
*
Gandhiya Kado
Gandhiya
Kado
Bet Dwarka
Ajad
Annexures
*
39.
3
76.
7
66.
7
35.
1
50.
0
39.
4
68.
7
44.
8
75.
0
38.
8
59.
7
65.
7
51.
6
52.
9
50.
7
49.
1
72.
0
45.
9
64.
4
56.
7
76.
7
42.
1
63.
3
48.
6
57.
1
54.
5
62.
3
66.
7
Goose
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
54.
5
Kalubhar
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
76.
9
48.
4
49.
3
47.
9
58.
3
61.
1
75.
4
47.
2
63.
4
72.
0
50.
7
68.
5
55.
6
Khara-Mitha
chusna
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
44.
9
40.
0
41.
4
44.
1
44.
1
67.
9
37.
3
49.
3
61.
3
44.
4
56.
7
44.
1
*
45.
6
58.
2
50.
0
60.
7
45.
3
57.
1
48.
5
54.
2
54.
9
52.
6
60.
7
*
54.
5
74.
6
53.
7
40.
6
47.
8
51.
9
57.
1
41.
9
44.
1
47.
8
*
55.
4
73.
8
38.
7
58.
5
53.
3
50.
0
53.
3
60.
6
58.
5
*
54.
5
50.
8
45.
5
55.
3
63.
8
49.
2
50.
7
63.
6
*
47.
6
72.
7
60.
5
60.
9
52.
5
65.
7
66.
7
*
41.
3
60.
3
66.
7
44.
8
56.
3
47.
6
Khimarakhat
Laku
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
191
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Panero
Paga
Noru
Narara
Laku
Khimarakhat
Khara-Mitha
chusna
Kalubhar
Goose
Gandhiya Kado
Dwarka
Dhani
DedekaMundeka
Chank
Boria
Bhaisbid
Bhaidar
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
VudaKuda reef
*
*
*
*
Sikka
*
*
*
*
Shivrajpur
Shivrajpur
*
*
*
Shan ni Ani
Shan ni Ani
*
*
Pirotan
Pirotan
*
Pashu
Pashu
Bet Dwarka
Ajad
Annexures
*
47.
4
52.
2
42.
6
47.
8
54.
5
*
65.
8
47.
9
49.
4
52.
6
*
56.
3
54.
3
60.
9
*
64.
5
65.
6
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sikka
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
77.
6
VudaKuda
reef
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
192
Annexures
Annexure-4.5: List of Coral species recorded in GoKtill end of June’14
S.N.
Phylum
Class
Subclass
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Hard Coral
1
Cnidaria Anthozoa Hexacorallia Scleractinia
Acroporidae
Montipora
monastriata
2
Acroporidae
Montipora
foliosa
3
Acroporidae
Montipora
venosa
4
Caryophylliidae
Paracyathus
stokesi
5
Caryophylliidae
Polycythus
verrilli
6
Dendrophyllidae Tubastrea
aurea
7
Dendrophyllidae Turbinaria
mesentarina
8
peltata
9
frondens
10
Merulinidae
Cyphastrea
serailia
11
Faviidae
Favia
favus
12
Faviidae
Favia
speciosa
13
Faviidae
Barabattoia
amicorum
14
Merulinidae
Favites
bestae
15
Merulinidae
Favites
complanata
16
Merulinidae
Goniastrea
pectinata
17
Merulinidae
Platygyra
sinensis
18
Merulinidae
Platygyra
lamellina
19
Merulinidae
Hydnophora
exesa
20
Mussidae
Acanthastrea
hillae
21
Mussidae
Symphyllia
radians
22
Mussidae
Symphyllia
recta
23
Poritidae
Goniopora
minor
24
Poritidae
Goniopora
tenuidens
25
Poritidae
Porites
compressa
26
Poritidae
Porites
lichen
27
Poritidae
Porites
lutea
193
Annexures
S.N.
Phylum
Class
Subclass
Order
Family
Genus
Species
28
Coscinaraeidae
Coscinaraea
Monile
29
Coscinaraeidae
Coscinaraea
columna
30
Siderastreidae
Pseudosiderastrea tayami
31
Siderastreidae
Siderastrea
savignyana
Alcyoniidae
Lobophytum
pauciflorum
Soft Coral
1
Cnidaria Anthozoa Octocorallia
Alcyonacea
2
Cnidaria Anthozoa
Octocorallia
Alcyonacea
Alcyoniidae
Sinularia
Need to
identify
3
Cnidaria Anthozoa
Octocorallia
Alcyonacea
Plexauridae
Echinogorgia
Need to
identify
4
Cnidaria Anthozoa
Octocorallia
Alcyonacea
Nephtheidae
Dendronephthya
Need to
identify
5
Cnidaria Anthozoa
Octocorallia
Alcyonacea
Subergorgiidae
Subergorgia
Need to
identify
6
Cnidaria Anthozoa
Octocorallia
Pennatulacea
Pennatulidae
Pteroeides
Need to
identify
194
Annexures
Khimarakhat
60.
6
77.
4
*
*
70.
6
83.
3
66.
7
81.
8
77.
4
78.
6
96.
0
92.
3
80.
0
57.
1
69.
0
*
*
*
70.
6
87.
0
62.
5
82.
9
84.
2
74.
3
77.
8
90.
0
75.
6
*
66.
7
63.
6
71.
0
78.
6
88.
0
84.
6
73.
3
79.
1
75.
0
70.
3
73.
7
*
Bet Dwarka
Bhaidar
Bhaisbid
*
*
*
Boria
64.
3
66.
7
78.
8
58.
8
66.
7
97.
0
75.
0
80.
0
80.0
81.
5
61.1
81.
8
75.
0
76.
9
82.
8
66.
7
75.
0
82.
8
85.
7
92.
3
92.3
87.
2
70.
3
82.6
56.
3
70.
6
77.
8
76.
9
75.
0
90.
5
71.
8
84.
2
77.
8
77.8
62.
9
75.
9
81.
5
61.1
72.
7
75.
0
76.
9
82.
8
66.
7
68.
8
69.
0
85.
7
84.
6
84.6
81.
0
85.
1
82.
9
66.
7
79.2
52.
9
61.
1
73.
7
73.
2
71.
4
81.
8
63.
4
80.
0
68.
4
73.7
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
62.
1
69.
2
78.
3
75.
0
71.
4
48.
5
66.
7
64.
0
52.9
70.
0
72.
7
58.
3
66.
7
64.
3
60.
0
66.
7
69.
2
75.
0
75.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
80.
0
75.
0
78.
8
81.
1
76.
2
72.
2
76.
5
74.4
62.
1
71.
0
78.
8
72.
2
81.
1
92.
3
72.
2
85.
7
78.
8
84.8
*
82.
8
86.
7
88.
2
66.
7
84.
8
77.
4
75.0
61.
5
85.
7
73.
3
84.
8
70.
6
83.
3
66.
7
81.
3
86.
7
86.7
77.
4
61.
1
73.
3
78.
6
64.9
78.
3
80.
0
74.
1
86.
7
64.
5
72.
7
80.
0
89.
7
96.
3
88.9
87.
64.
77.
82.
68.4
75.
76.
85.
90.
68.
82.
77.
86.
85.
92.9
Dhani
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Dwarka
Gandhiya
65.0
69.
2
58.
8
Chank
DedekaMundeka
VudaKuda reef
Khara-Mitha chusna
51.
3
Sikka
Kalubhar
70.
6
Shivrajpur
Goose
80.
0
Shan ni Ani
Gandhiya Kado
82.
8
Pirotan
Dwarka
68.
8
Pashu
Dhani
68.
6
Panero
Dedeka-Mundeka
69.
2
Paga
Chank
60.
0
Noru
Boria
71.
4
Narara
Bhaisbid
68.
4
Ajad
Laku
Bhaidar
85.
7
Ajad
Bet Dwarka
Annexure-4.6: Similarity Matrix of Island of GoK based on Species composition (Coral)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
88.
9
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
195
Khara-Mitha chusna
Khimarakhat
Narara
Noru
Paga
Panero
Pashu
Pirotan
Shan ni Ani
Shivrajpur
Sikka
9
4
8
0
9
7
3
8
4
4
7
7
68.
3
85.
7
78.
8
76.2
64.
3
73.
3
75.
0
80.
0
77.
8
89.
5
68.
6
76.
5
81.
3
87.5
*
70.
0
57.
9
68.1
54.
5
51.
4
75.
7
70.
0
68.
3
74.
4
55.
0
71.
8
59.
5
64.9
*
75.
0
73.2
51.
9
69.
0
71.
0
76.
5
68.
6
81.
1
64.
7
78.
8
71.
0
77.4
66.7
72.
0
66.
7
69.
0
81.
3
72.
7
74.
3
75.
0
77.
4
75.
9
89.7
*
52.
9
66.
7
63.
2
68.
3
76.
2
77.
3
68.
3
70.
0
68.
4
68.4
*
54.
5
75.
0
66.
7
64.
3
60.
0
66.
7
69.
2
75.
0
75.0
*
61.
5
75.
9
66.
7
68.
8
62.
1
78.
6
84.
6
76.9
*
77.
4
68.
8
82.
4
71.
0
86.
7
71.
4
78.6
Goose
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Kalubhar
*
KharaMitha
chusna
Khimarakha
t
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Laku
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Narara
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Noru
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Paga
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
VudaKuda reef
Kalubhar
5
Kado
Laku
Goose
Gandhiya Kado
Dwarka
Dhani
Dedeka-Mundeka
Chank
Boria
Bhaisbid
Bhaidar
Bet Dwarka
Ajad
Annexures
196
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
VudaKuda reef
*
Sikka
*
Shivrajpur
*
Shan ni Ani
*
Pirotan
Panero
Pashu
Panero
Paga
Noru
Narara
Laku
Khimarakhat
Khara-Mitha chusna
Kalubhar
Goose
Gandhiya Kado
Dwarka
Dhani
Dedeka-Mundeka
Chank
Boria
Bhaisbid
Bhaidar
Bet Dwarka
Ajad
Annexures
62.
9
75.
7
76.
5
84.
8
83.
9
83.9
*
73.
7
62.
9
70.
6
68.
8
75.0
*
70.
3
83.
3
76.
5
82.4
*
78.
8
77.
4
77.4
86.7
Pashu
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Pirotan
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Shan ni Ani
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Shivrajpur
Sikka
VudaKuda
reef
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
86.
7
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
85.7
*
85.
7
68.
4
71.
4
60.
0
69.
2
68.
6
68.
8
82.
8
80.
0
70.
6
51.
3
60.
6
77.
4
65.0
69.
2
64.
3
66.
7
78.
8
58.
8
66.
7
97.
0
75.
0
80.
0
80.0
197
Annexures
Annexure-4.7: Checklist of Birds recorded in the GoK till end of June’14
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
GREBES
1
Little Grebe
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Podicipedidae
2
Great Crested Grebe
Podiceps cristatus
Podicipedidae
3
Dalmatian Pelican
Pelecanus crispus
Pelicanidae
4
Great White Pelican
Pelecanus onocrotalus
Pelicanidae
PALICANS
CORMORANTS/SHAGS
5
Little Cormorant
Phalacrocorax niger
Phalacrocoracidae
6
Indian Cormorant
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
Phalacrocoracidae
7
Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo
Phalacrocoracidae
Darter
Anhinga melanogaster
DARTER
8
Anhingidae
HERONS,EGRETS & BITTERNS
9
Grey Heron
Ardea cinerea
Ardeidae
10
Little Heron
Butorides striatus
Ardeidae
11
Indian Pond Heron
Ardeola grayii
Ardeidae
12
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea
Ardeidae
13
Black-Crowned Night Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
Ardeidae
14
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta
Ardeidae
15
Intermediate Egret
Mesophyox intermedia
Ardeidae
16
Western Reef Egret
Egretta gularis
Ardeidae
17
Great Egret
Casmerodius albus
Ardeidae
18
Cattle Egret
Bubulcus ibis
Ardeidae
19
Painted Stork
Mycteria leucocephala
Ciconiidae
20
Black-Necked Stork
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
Ciconiidae
21
Asian Openbill Stork
Anastomus oscitans
Ciconiidae
STORKS
IBISES &SPOONBILLS
22
Black Ibis
Pseudibis papillosa
Threskiornithidae
198
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
23
Black-Headed Ibis
Threskiornis
melanocephalus
Threskiornithidae
24
Glossy Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
Threskiornithidae
25
Eurasian Spoonbill
Platalea leucorodia
Threskiornithidae
26
Lesser Flamingo
Phoenicopterus minor
Phoenicopteridae
27
Greater Flamingo
Phoenicopterus ruber
Phoenicopteridae
FLAMINGO
SWANS,GEESE, & DUCKS
28
Spot-Billed Duck
Anas poecilorhyncha
Anatidae
29
Ruddy Shelduck
Tadorna ferrugina
Anatidae
30
Comb Duck
Sarkidiornis melanotos
Anatidae
31
Lesser Whistling Duck
Dendrocygna javanica
Anatidae
32
Tufted Pochard
Aythya fuligula
Anatidae
33
Common Teal
Anas crecca
Anatidae
34
Garganey
Anas querquedula
Anatidae
35
Eurasian Wigeon
Anas Penelope
Anatidae
36
Northern Shoveller
Anas clypeata
Anatidae
37
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta
Anatidae
38
Greylag Goose
Anser anser
Anatidae
39
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
Anatidae
40
Gadwall
Anas strepera
Anatidae
41
Common Pochard
Aythya ferina
Anatidae
42
Ferruginous Duck
Aythya nyroca
Anatidae
KITES,HAWKS,EAGLES,BUZZARDS
43
Black-Shouldered Kite
Elanus caeruleus
Accipitridae
44
Brahminy Kite
Haliastur indus
Accipitridae
45
Black Kite
Milvus migrans
Accipitridae
46
Shikra
Accipiter badius
Accipitridae
47
Long-Legged Buzzard
Buteo buteo
Accipitridae
48
Booted Eagle
Hieraaetus pennatus
Accipitridae
49
Short-Toed Snake Eagle
Circaetus gallicus
Accipitridae
50
Steppe Eagle
Aquila nipalensis
Accipitridae
51
Greater Spotted Eagle
Aquila clanga
Accipitridae
199
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
52
Bonelli's Eagle
Hieraaetus fasciatus
Accipitridae
53
Eurasian Marsh Harrier
Circus aeruginosus
Accipitridae
54
Montagu's Harrier
Circus pygargus
Accipitridae
55
Pallied Harrier
Circus macrourus
Accipitridae
56
Oriental Honey-Buzzard
Pernis ptilorhyncus
Accipitridae
57
Pallas's Fish Eagle
Haliaeetus leucoryphus
Accipitridae
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
Pandionidae
59
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus
Falconidae
60
Common Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
Falconidae
61
Red-Necked Falcon
Falco chicquera
Falconidae
OSPREY
58
FALCONS
PHEASENT,PARTRIDGES,QUAILS
62
Grey Francolin
Francolinus pondicerianus
Phasianidae
63
Black Francolin
Francolinus francolinus
Phasianidae
64
Common Quail
Coturnix coturnix
Phasianidae
65
Indian Peafowl
Pavo cristatus
Phasianidae
66
Demoiselle Crane
Grus vigor
Gruidae
67
Common Crane
Grus grus
Gruidae
Crane
CRAKES,MOORHENS,COOTS
68
Baillon's Crake
Porzana pusilla
Rallidae
69
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
Rallidae
70
Purple Swamphen
Porphyrio porphyria
Rallidae
71
White-Breasted Waterhen
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Rallidae
72
Common Coot
Fulica atra
Rallidae
Macqueen's Bustard
Chlamydotis macqueeni
Otididae
Haematopus ostralegus
Haematopodidae
Vanellus indicus
Charadriidae
BUSTARDS
73
OYSTERCATCHER
74
Eurasian Oystercatcher
PLOVERS,DOTTERELS,LAPWINGS
75
Red-Wattled Lapwing
200
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
76
Yellow-Wattled Lapwing
Vanellus malabaricus
Charadriidae
77
Sociable Lapwing
Vanellus gregarious
Charadriidae
78
Little Ringed Plover
Charadrius dubius
Charadriidae
79
Kentish Plover
Charadrius alexandrines
Charadriidae
80
Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius hiaticula
Charadriidae
81
Grey Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Charadriidae
82
Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva
Charadriidae
83
European Golden Plover
Pluvialis apricaria
Charadriidae
84
Lesser Sand Plover
Charadrius mongolus
Charadriidae
SANDPIPERS,STINTS,SNIPES,GODWITS & CURLEWS
85
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
Scolopacidae
86
Eurasian Curlew
Numenius arquata
Scolopacidae
87
Black-Tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Scolopacidae
88
Bar-Tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Scolopacidae
89
Common Redshank
Tringa tetanus
Scolopacidae
90
Spotted Redshank
Tringa erythropus
Scolopacidae
91
Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Scolopacidae
92
Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis
Scolopacidae
93
Common Greenshank
Tringa nebularia
Scolopacidae
94
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Scolopacidae
95
Terek Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
Scolopacidae
96
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Scolopacidae
97
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenarea interpres
Scolopacidae
98
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Scolopacidae
99
Dunlin
Calidris alpine
Scolopacidae
100
Little Stint
Calidris minuta
Scolopacidae
101
Temminck's Stint
Calidris temminckii
Scolopacidae
102
Ruff
Philomachus pugnax
Scolopacidae
Phalaropus lobatus
Scolopacidae
Himantopus himantopus
Recurvirostridae
PHALAROPES
103
Red-Necked Phalarope
AVOCETS & STILT
104
Black-Winged Stilt
201
Annexures
Sr. No.
105
Common Name
Pied Avocet
Scientific Name
Family
Recurvirostra avosetta
Recurvirostridae
Dromas ardeola
Dromadidae
CRAB-PLOVERS
106
Crab Plover
THICK-KNEES
107
Great Thick-Knee
Esacus recurvirostris
Burhinidae
108
Eurasian Thick-Knee
Burhinus oedicnemus
Burhinidae
Indian Courser
Cursorius coromandelicus
Glareolidae
COURSERS
109
GULLS & TERN
110
Yellow-Legged Gull
Larus cachinnans
Laridae
111
Black-Headed Gull
Larus ridibundus
Laridae
112
Heuglin's Gull
Larus heuglini
Laridae
113
Slender-Billed Gull
Larus genei
Laridae
114
Brown-Headed Gull
Larus brunnicephalus
Laridae
115
Pallas's Gull
Larus ichthyaetus
Laridae
116
Gull-Billed Tern
Gelochelidon nilotica
Sternidae
117
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Sternidae
118
Little Tern
Sterna albifrons
Sternidae
119
Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias hybridus
Sternidae
120
River Tern
Sterna aurantia
Sternidae
121
Common Tern
Sterna hirundo
Sternidae
122
Saunders's Tern
Sterna saundersi
Sternidae
123
Lesser Crested Tern
Thalasseus bengalensis
Sternidae
124
Indian Skimmer
Rynchops albicollis
Rynchopidae
SANDGROUSE
125
Chestnut-Bellied Sandgrouse
Pterocles exustus
Pteroclidae
126
Painted Sandgrouse
Pterocles indicus
Pteroclidae
Psittacula krameri
Psittacidae
PARAKEETS & HANGING-PARROTS
127
Rose-Ringed Parakeet
PIGEONS & DOVE
128
Blue Rock Pigeon
Columba livia
Columbidae
129
Laughing Dove
Streptopelia senegalensis
Columbidae
202
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
130
Eurasian Collared Dove
Streptopelia decaocto
Columbidae
131
Red Collared Dove
Streptopelia tranquebarica
Columbidae
132
Oriental Turtle Dove
Streptopelia orientalis
Columbidae
CUCKOOS & COUCALS
133
Pied Cuckoo
Clamator jacobinus
Cuculidae
134
Greater Coucal
Centropus sinensis
Cuculidae
135
Asian Koel
Eudynamys scolopacea
Cuculidae
136
Short-Eared Owl
Asio flammeus
Strigidae
137
Spotted Owlet
Athene brama
Strigidae
138
Savanna Nightjar
Caprimulgus affinis
Caprimulgidae
139
Indian Nightjar
Caprimulgus asiaticus
Caprimulgidae
House Swift
Apus affinis
Apodidae
OWLS
NIGHTJARS
SWIFT
140
KINGFISHERS
141
White-Throated Kingfisher
Halcyon smyrnensis
Alcedinidae
142
Common Kingfisher
Alcedo atthis
Alcedinidae
143
Pied Kingfisher
Ceryle rudis
Alcedinidae
144
Green Bee-Eater
Merops orientalis
Meropidae
145
Blue Cheecked Bee-Eater
Merops persicus
Meropidae
146
Indian Roller
Coracias benghalensis
Coraciidae
147
European Roller
Coracias garrulous
Coraciidae
Common Hoopoe
Upupa epops
Upupidae
Coppersmith Barbet
Megalaima haemacephala
Megalaimidae
150
Sykes's Lark
Galerida deva
Alaudidae
151
Singing Bushlark
Mirafra cantillans
Alaudidae
BEE-EATER
ROLLER
HOOPOES
148
BARBETS
149
LARKS
203
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
152
Greater Short-Toed Lark
Calandrella brachydactyla
Alaudidae
153
Crested Lark
Galerida cristata
Alaudidae
154
Indian Bushlark
Mirafra erythroptera
Alaudidae
155
Oriental Skylark
Alauda gulgula
Alaudidae
156
Rufous-Tailed Lark
Ammomanes phoenicurus
Alaudidae
157
Ashy-Crowned Sparrow-Lark
Eremopterix grisea
Alaudidae
158
Black-Crowned Sparrow Lark
Eremopterix nigriceps
Alaudidae
159
Sand Lark
Calandrella raytal
Alaudidae
SWLLOWS & MARTINS
160
Dusky Crag Martin
Hirundo concolor
Hirundinidae
161
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
Hirundinidae
162
Wire-Tailed Swallow
Hirundo smithii
Hirundinidae
163
Red-Rumped Swallow
Hirundo daurica
Hirundinidae
164
Long-Tailed Shrike
Lanius schach
Laniidae
165
Bay-Backed Shrike
Lanius vittatus
Laniidae
166
Southern Grey Shrike
Lanius meridionalis
Laniidae
167
Rufous-Tailed Shrike
Lanius isabellinus
Laniidae
Eurasian Golden Oriole
Oriolus oriolus
Oriolidae
169
Black Drongo
Dicrurus macrocercus
Dicruridae
170
White-Bellied Drongo
Dicrurus caerulescens
Dicruridae
SHRIKES
ORIOLES
168
DRONGOS
STARLINGS & MYNAS
171
Brahminy Starling
Sturnus pagodarum
Sturnidae
172
Rosy Starling
Sturnus roseus
Sturnidae
173
Common Myna
Acridotheres tristis
Sturnidae
174
Bank Myna
Acridotheres ginginianus
Sturnidae
CROWS,TREEPIES,MAGPIES
175
Rufous Treepie
Dendrocitta vagabunda
Corvidae
176
Large-Billed Crow
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvidae
177
House Crow
Corvus splendens
Corvidae
204
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
WOODSHRIKES
178
Common Woodshrike
Tephrodornis
pondicerianus
Tephrodornithidae
Small Minivet
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Campephagidae
180
Common Iora
Aegithina tiphia
Aegithinidae
181
Marshall's Iora
Aegithina nigrolutea
Aegithinidae
182
Red-Vented Bulbul
Pycnonotus cafer
Pycnonotidae
183
White-Eared Bulbul
Pycnonotus leucotis
Pycnonotidae
184
Large Grey Babbler
Turdoides malcolmi
Muscicapidae
185
Jungle Babbler
Turdoides malcolmi
Muscicapidae
186
Common Babbler
Turdoides caudatus
Muscicapidae
MINIVETS
179
IORAS
BULBULS
BABBLERS
PRINIAS, WARBLERS
187
Plain Prinia
Prinia inornata
Cisticolidae
188
Jungle Prinia
Prinia sylvatica
Cisticolidae
189
Rufous-Fronted Prinia
Prinia buchanani
Cisticolidae
190
Graceful Prinia
Prinia gracilis
Cisticolidae
191
Ashy Prinia
Prinia socialis
Cisticolidae
192
Grey-Breasted Prinia
Prinia hodgsonii
Cisticolidae
193
Zitting Cisticola
Cisticola juncidis
Muscicapidae
194
Common Tailorbird
Orthotomus sutorius
Cisticolidae
195
Orphean Warbler
Sylvia hortensis
Sylviidae
196
Lesser Whitethroat
sylvia curruca
Sylviidae
197
Booted Warbler
Hippolais caligata
Sylviidae
198
Clamorous Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus stentoreus
Sylviidae
199
Blyth's Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus dumetorum
Sylviidae
200
Common Chiffchaff
Phylloscopus collybita
Phylloscopidae
MONARCH-FLYCATCHER & PARADISE-FLYCATCHER
201
Asian Paradise-Flycatcher
Terpsiphone paradise
Monarchidae
ROBINS,WHEATEARS, THRUSHES
205
Annexures
Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Family
202
Common Stonechat
Saxicola torquata
Muscicapidae
203
Pied Bushchat
Saxicola caprata
Muscicapidae
204
Desert Wheatear
Oenanthe deserti
Muscicapidae
205
Isabelline Wheatear
Oenanthe isabellina
Muscicapidae
206
Variable Wheatear
Oenanthe picata
Muscicapidae
207
Indian Robin
Saxicoloides fulicata
Muscicapidae
208
Black Redstart
Phoenicurus ochruros
Muscicapidae
209
Blue Rock Thrush
Monicola rufiventris
Muscicapidae
WAGTAILS & PIPITS
210
Paddyfield Pipit
Anthus rufulus
Motacillidae
211
Tree Pipit
Anthus trivialis
Motacillidae
212
Tawny Pipit
Anthus campestris
Motacillidae
213
Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava
Motacillidae
214
Grey Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea
Motacillidae
215
White Wagtail
Motacilla alba
Motacillidae
216
Citrine Wagtail
Motacilla citreola
Motacillidae
Nectarinia asiatica
Nectariniidae
Oriental white eye
Zosterops palpebrosus
Zosteropidae
219
House Sparrow
Passer Domesticus
Passeridae
220
Chestnut-Shouldered Petronia
Petronia Xanthocollis
Passeridae
Baya Weaver
Ploceus philippinus
Ploceidae
Indian Silverbill
Lonchura malabarica
Estrildidae
223
House Bunting
Emberiza striolata
Emberizidae
224
Grey-Necked Bunting
Emberiza buchanani
Emberizidae
SUNBIRDS & SPIDERHUNTERS
217
Purple Sunbird
WHITE-EYES
218
SPARROW
WEAVERS
221
MUNIAS
222
BUNTINGS
206

6 th Interim Report : OCTOBER-2014

Transcription

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