Physics instrument collection University of RENNES 1

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Physics instrument collection
University of RENNES 1- FRANCE
by
Dominique BERNARD, Alain CANARD, Jean-Paul TACHE
Scientific and Technical Cultural Commission
CNRS : chemical sciences, biodiversity, PALMS
Campus de Beaulieu, bat 10A, Avenue Général Leclerc
35042 RENNES Cedex- France
[email protected]
http://cst.univ-rennes1.fr/
Thanks to Nathalie ROZE, Paméla HURON, Bernard LE GARFF, Loïc POULAIN,
and the Curie Museum for photos
Dominique Bernard -Commission Culture Scientifique , Université de Rennes 1, FRANCE
University of RENNES 1
Brittany - France
• Multi-site and multi-disciplinary
• 3 campuses, 5 institutes
• 10 teaching and research units in :
structure and properties of matter, life and
environment, mathematics and computer
science, engineering, economics, law and
politics, philosophy, medicine, pharmacy,
dentistry
• 27 000 students
• 1600 teachers/researchers
• 900 technical and administrative agents
AN OLD UNIVERSITY IN BRITTANY :
« Faculté des Sciences de Rennes » was founded in 1840.
Rich collections in :palaeontology, archaeology, geology,
zoology, botany (herbarium), as well as old books …
Geology and zoology collections are open to the public
Scientific instrument collections
Instrument collections are various, including
- Biology : microscopes…
- Physics : optics, mechanics, electricity, electronics,
X-Rays…
- Computers
We have surveyed the physics instrument collection dating
from 1850-1930.
Megaphone (Pixii, 1841)
600 objects or instruments were discovered, identified and
photographed.
Morse telegraph (1850)
Physics teacher C. Cloarec performs
Koenig’s experiment
Archimedes’ screw
(Lecomte & Bianchi, 1841)
Leitz Microscope
(1929)
ACOUSTICAL APPARATUS
by Rudolph KOENIG (1832-1901)
Conceived, for the most part, by Helmholtz ;
made by Rudolph Koenig.
Some are rare :
* Several boxes of tuning forks;
* One large tuning fork (30 inches) with
adjustable frequency (16 to 24 Hz)
* Cagnard de la Tour and Helmholtz sirens
* A manometric flame analyser and resonators
for the timbre of sounds
Tuning forks with …Paolo BRENNI
Helmholtz double siren
(Koenig, 1889)
Cagnard de la Tour siren
Manometric flame analyser
with 14 resonators (1875)
Helmholtz resonators
(1860)
Pierre and Marie CURIE
Photos : Musée Curie
Jacques, Pierre
and Marie CURIE
instruments (1890)
Jacques CURIE
in 1926
Marie and Irène CURIE
with a piezoelectric source quartz
We have also found three instruments built by Jacques, Pierre and Marie CURIE
used to discover and measure radioactivity in RADIUM and POLONIUM :
▪ gold-leaf electroscope; ▪ quadrant electrometer; ▪ piezoelectric source quartz;
magnetic balance (P. Curie)
made by « la Société Centrale de Produits Chimiques »
Gold-leaf Electroscope
1900
Quadrant Electrometer
P. J. Curie and Bourbouze
1890
piezoelectric quartz N°2- (1890)
The complete apparatus
Léon FOUCAULT apparatus 1819-1868
Work undertaken with William TOBIN
(Foucault’s biographer)
Gyroscope (devised 1852) was acquired in 1875
• built by Dumoulin-Froment
• rare item : we know of only 3½ other sets.
Foucault’s disk is a copper wheel which heats
when spun between the poles of an electromagnet
Foucault’s gyroscope (1867)
to observe the rotation of the Earth.
Gyroscope and its starter
(Dumoulin-Froment, 1875)
Foucault’s Disk built by Ruhmkorff
Numerous OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS,
many made by SOLEIL
* A James SHORT telescope (1740)
* Some Rochon and terrestrial telescopes
* Many instruments made by SOLEIL c.1841
James SHORT (1740) and terrestrial telescopes (1841)
BIOT polarization mirrors (1841)
ARAGO light polarization apparatus
(1841)
SILBERMANN reflection
and refraction apparatus
ROCHON telescope (1741-1817)
ROCHON diasporameter
(J.B. Soleil, 1841)
Numerous optical instruments
made by DUBOSCQ & PELLIN
* A Thollon spectroscope
* A Duboscq-Pellin kaleidoscope (1875)
* A vertical projector with slides (chromatropes)
(1860)
* A Cornu photometer
Thollon spectroscope (1894)
Duboscq-Pellin kaleidoscope (1875)
Chromatrope
slides
(1860)
Stellar and atomic
spectra
Cornu photometer (1886)
Electricity and Electrostatics
Abraham’s balance
Benjamin Franklin picture
Electrostatics experiment
Elihu Thompson’s ring
(Ducretet)
Bismuth magnetic-field
sensor
(Hartmannn-Braun)
Electric egg de la Rive tube (1880)
DUCRETET transformer
Thermo-electric batteries
(Clamond, 1885)
BOURBOUZE galvanometer
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Pellat electrodynamometer
(J. Carpentier, 1886)
Magnetic balance
(Curie-Cheneveau, 1903)
SIEMENS magneto-electric machine
(Ducretet-Lejeune, 1850)
GRAMME magneto-electric
machine (1890)
One of the first
electromagnets built
by Pierre WEISS
at Rennes in 1898
Chasselon
inclinometer
(Brunner Frères)
Chasselon
declinometer
(Brunner Frères)
Electromagnet
(Jean Carpentier, 1900)
Various Instruments
Hero’s fountain of
Alexandria
(Lecomte Bianchi, 1841)
Watt steam engine
(Bourdon, 1841)
Lavoisier-Laplace
calorimeter (replica)
Marey’s recording cylinder
(Ch.Verdin, 1900)
Brunner « Grand cercle » goniometer
De Saussure hair hygrometer
(Lecomte-Bianchi, 1841)
Actinometer by Jules Violle
to measure solar radiation (1878)
Educational activities with historic scientific instruments
* Visits for students
Nathalie presents Koenig’s sirens
Flame acoustic interferometer
with mirror rebuilt by a student
Ronan and the Earth rotation
* Shows for the public at Science Festivals
The wonderful
Hero fountain !
Bertrand Wollf (Amelycor)
twangs forks
Water goes up with
Archimedes’ screw
* Visits and lectures for
sciences teachers
William Tobin explains the
gyroscope to physics teachers
Domi Bernard
presents
an actinometer
An « ARCHE DES SCIENCES - SCIENCE MUSEUM »
on the RENNES 1 university campus ?
To SAVE, PROTECT and SHOW HISTORICAL
INSTRUMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH NEW RESEARCH
• This large project will guarantee the preservation and development
of the University’s scientific heritage : various collections (zoology,
archeology, physics, chemistry….) and historical archives
• It will be a place for exploration, reflection, curiosity, dialog with the
public, and discussion regarding the challenge of research.
* But also a research and education forum for students, researchers,
teachers, scientific associations, with experiments, exhibitions, and
publications.
Contact : Commission Culture Scientifique Université de Rennes 1
Alain Canard : 0223235223 - [email protected]
Dominique Bernard : 0223236240 - [email protected]
Bibliography
1) The web site of Rennes 1 University :http://cst.univ-rennes1.fr/index_01.htm
2) The web site of William TOBIN on Léon FOUCAULT
http://www2.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/~wjt23/foucault.html
3) Association de Sauvegarde et d'Étude des Instruments Scientifiques et Techniques
de l'Enseignement (ASEISTE)
http://www.inrp.fr/she/aseiste/index.htm
ASEISTE’s Mr GIRES has published « Physique Impériale » and « L’Empire de la Physique »
4) Le Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers http://www.arts-et-metiers.net/
5) L’INRP Institut national de recherche pédagogique
http://www.inrp.fr/she/instruments/index.htm
6) Instruments for Natural Philosophy
Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr. Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022
http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/index.html
7) Fondazione Scienza e tecnica - Firenze, Paolo BRENNI
http://www.fstfirenze.it/collezioni/scientifico/search_cat_scient.asp
8) A GANOT : Traité élémentaire de physique, reprinted 1994 (Paris, Hachette)

Physics instrument collection University of RENNES 1

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