Observatory - Ecole Nationale Supérieure d`Architecture de Paris

bulletin n°1,september2008
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–Š‡ 2…‘Ž‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ •—’±”‹‡—”‡ †ǯ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ †‡ ƒ”‹•Ǧ
‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‹•ƒ–‡””‡‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ
‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆι͹ͳ͵͸
ƒ”‹•Ǧ‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡
͹ͺ”—‡±„‡˜ƒŽ͹ͷͲͳͻƒ”‹•
–±ŽǣΪ͵͵ȋͲȌͳͷ͵͵ͺͷͲͷͳȀˆƒšǣΪ͵͵ȋͲȌͳͷ͵͵ͺͷͲͷͲ
––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’ƒ”‹•Ǧ„‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡Ǥƒ”…Š‹Ǥˆ”
”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡Ǧ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǧ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
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Siem Reap/Angkor Urban
IPRAUS
Contents
Siem Reap/Angkor
urban
Observatory
”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡Ȃ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ȃ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
Editorial
Introducing
Timeandspace
Workshops
Geographical background
The Angkor territory: a site for the Khmer capitals
History and urban change
Research
Observatory team Research
Heritage
The ZEMP and the Angkor site boundaries
ƒ†•…ƒ’‡•ƒ†‡–™‘”•ǣƒ–”ƒ•‹–‹‘ƒŽŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
‘—”‹•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••‘ˆ—”„ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ƒ–”‹•
‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…‘˜‡”•‹‘
Maps and plans
Architectural and urban forms
‘†‡Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡…‹–›
”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽˆ‘”•
Curriculum
Architecture workshop Siem Reap/Angkor
Activities - News
Bibliography - Degrees and student works
Workshops
Study day
“World Heritage and large sites:
Asia and Europe mirroring”
On October 26, 2007, a study day on
world heritage sites was organised at
the ENSA of Paris-Belleville with an
emphasis on large sites, outstanding
either because of their size or their
value. Assessed by their symbolic value
and the resulting number of visitors
attracted by them, they generate complex management issues.
–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•Ȅƒ”…Š‹–‡…–• ȋ…”‡ƒ–‘”•
‘ˆ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ’Žƒ•ȌȄƒ† ‡š’‡”–•
ƒ––‡†‡† –Š‡‹” ™‘”Ǥ – ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ
‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ”‡ϐŽ‡…– ‘ ƒƒ‰‡Ǧ
‡–‹••—‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡†ϐŽ‘™‘ˆ
˜‹•‹–‘”•Ǥ
–ƒŽ•‘–—”‡†‹–‘ƒ‹†‘ˆ…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡
†‹•…—••‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ •‹ƒ ƒ† —”‘’‡Ǥ
 •‹ƒ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ‡‡”‰‹‰ †‡ƒ†
ˆ‘”‡š’‡”–‹•‡‹–Š‡Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ϐ‹‡Ž†ƒ†
‹…”‡ƒ•‡†‹–‡”‡•–Ǥ—”‘’‡‹•–Š‡™‘”Ž†
”‡‰‹‘ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
™ƒ•…‘…‡‹˜‡†ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†Ǥ–‹•ƒŽ•‘
–Š‡”‡‰‹‘™Š‹…Š‡š’‘”–‡†–Š‹•…‘…‡’–
ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡…‹ϐ‹… ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š –‘ †‡ƒŽ‹‰
™‹–Š –Š‡ ’ƒ•– ™Š‹…Š™ƒ•…‘˜‡›‡†–‘
–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ‡–ǡ•‹ƒƒ†—”‘’‡
—•– ‘™ ˆƒ…‡ǡ ‹ –Š‹• —‹“—‡ ϐ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ –‘—”‹• ‹†—•–”›ǡ
™Š‹…Š ’”‘’–• –Š‡ •‡––‹‰ —’ ‘ˆ ƒ
‡˜‡”Ǧ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰—„‡”‘ˆ•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹•‡†
ƒƒ‰‡‡––‘‘Ž•Ǥ
Š‡ †ƒ› ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› ˆ‘”
†‹•…—••‹‰ƒƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‡š‹•–‹‰…‘Ǧ‘’‡Ǧ
”ƒ–‹‘™‹–Šƒ„‘†‹ƒǡ™‹–Š–Š‡…‘–”‹Ǧ
„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ˆ‘”‡” •‡‹‘” ‹‹•–‡”ǡ
Ǥ ƒ ‘Ž›˜ƒ ƒ† ˆ”‘ †°Ž‡
•’‘•‹–‘ȋ…—””‡–Ž›™‘”‹‰‘ƒŠǤǤ
‘ –‘—”‹• ‹ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘”ȌǤ ‡™ …‘Ǧ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• –Š‡ Žƒ—…Š‡†
‹–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒ†‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽϐ‹‡Ž†•ǡ
‘–ƒ„Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡ƒƒ’‹‡œƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›
‹‘‡ǡ™‹–Š’”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘ƒŽƒƒŽ‹‹ǡƒ
‡š’‡”–ǡ–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Šƒƒƒ‰‡Ǧ
‡–’Žƒˆ‘”–ƒŽ‹ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡•‹–‡•Ǥ
The Observatory team
™‹ŽŽ–ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹ƒ”‘—†–ƒ„Ž‡‹
‹‡‡ƒ’ǡin October 2008.
Š‡ –‘’‹…• ™‹ŽŽ …‘˜‡” –Š‡ ’”‡•‡– †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ† ‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆȀ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
•‹–‡•Ǥ Š‡ ”‘—† –ƒ„Ž‡ ‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† „›
–Š‡ …‡–”‡ ˆ‘”Š‡” –—†‹‡• ȋȌǡ –Š‡
—”„ƒƒˆˆƒ‹”•‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ–Š‡
—–Š‘”‹–›ǡ –Š‡ ‡––› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘
•–‹–—–‡ǡƒ†–Š‡ƒ…‹ˆ‹…‹‘—…‹Žˆ‘”
”„ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ȋȌǤ
graphic design : association : à table!
Observatory
Siem Reap/Angkor urban
Degrees and
student works
±…‹Ž‡ǡ Les saisons de l’eau
à Siem Reap-Angkor. Tourisme, patrimoine et développement dans un milieu
régi par la logique de l’eauǡ†ǯ”Ǧ
„ƒ‹•‡ ‡– †ǯ±ƒ‰‡‡–ǡ •–‹–—–
ˆ”ƒ­ƒ‹• †ǯ”„ƒ‹•‡ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–± ƒ”‹•
ǡŒ—‹ʹͲͲͷǡͺͳ’Ǥ
ƒ–‹ƒǡ Aménagement territorial de la zone de développement Run
Ta Ek : métissage des formes. Entre cité
rurale et ville végétaleǡ ǡ 2…‘Ž‡ ƒ–‹‘Ǧ
ƒŽ‡ •—’±”‹‡—”‡ †ǯ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ †‡ ƒ…›ǡ
ƒ”‹‡Ǧ‘•± ƒ‘‹…ƒǡ ƒ—‡Ž ‡”‹•‡
ȋ†‹”ǤȌǡ•‘—–‡ƒ…‡•‡’–‡„”‡ʹͲͲͺǤ
5 †‡Ž‹‡ǡ –Š‘›ǡ ‘
ŠŽ‘ǡHistoire au pays de l’eauǡ‘—”•‡†‡
Žƒˆ‘†ƒ–‹‘ǡ…‡••‹‘ʹͲͲ͸ǦʹͲͲͺǡ—‹
ʹͲͲͺǤ
†°Ž‡ǡ Formes architecturales
et urbaines du commerceǡ±‘‹”‡†‡ͷ‡
ƒ±‡ǡƒ–ŠƒŽ‹‡ƒ…”‡–ȋ†‹”ǤȌǡ2…‘Ž‡ƒ–‹‘Ǧ
ƒŽ‡ •—’±”‹‡—”‡ †ǯƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ †‡ ƒ”‹•Ǧ
‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡŒƒ˜‹‡”ʹͲͲ͸Ǥ
Editorial
ƒ‹–ƒǡExpansion urbaine aux abords
du Psar Leuǡ 2…‘Ž‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ •—’±”‹‡—”‡
†ǯƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ †‡ ƒ”‹• ƒ ‹ŽŽ‡––‡ǡ ǤǤ
Š‹ȋ†‹”ǤȌǡ†±…‡„”‡ʹͲͲ͹ǡ’Ǥ
Š”‹•–‡ŽŽ‡ǡ Siem Reap-Angkor,
une région du Nord-Cambodge en voie de
mutationǡ‘ŽŽǤ±‘‹”‡•‡–†‘…—‡–•†‡
Žǯ”‘†‹‰ǡƒ”‹•ǡͳͻͻͺǡͳͷʹ’Ǥ
”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡Ǧ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǧ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
Siem Reap town is the inevitable gateway to the prestigious site of Angkor; it acts as
its entrance, backstage, and proscenium. As all of us know, Angkor is more than just
a series of prestigious monuments, but rather a gathering of capital-cities relocated
through the centuries over a huge territory. Before becoming an archaeological
Park, Angkor was a series of successive cities, with the ϔirst foundation dating from
802, which were abandoned during the XVth century. In line with this logic, this longterm history, we think that Siem Reap must also be outstanding for its quality of life
and architectural, urbanistic, landscaping and environmental values.
—”±Ž‹‡ǡL’accès à l’eau dans la
ville de Siem Reap au Cambodge: demande
des ménages et gestion des services d’eauǡ
ƒÁ–”‹•‡ †‡ ±‘‰”ƒ’Š‹‡ †‡ Žǯ‹˜‡”•‹–±
†‡ƒ”‹•Žƒ‘”„‘‡ǡŽ‹˜‹‡”‡˜‹ȋ†‹”ǤȌǡ
ʹͲͲͷǤ
‘™ƒ†ƒ›•‰‘”‹•‹•‹†‡ƒŒ‡™‡Ž…ƒ•‡
ƒ†‡‘ˆƒŠ—‰‡Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ǡ˜ƒ•––‡””‹–‘”›ǡ
ˆ‘”‡•–•ǡ ”‹…‡ ’ƒ††‹‡• ƒ† ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•ǡ ƒ†
‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ…–•ƒ•‹–•’”‘•…‡‹—Ǥ–™ƒ•ƒ
˜‡‰‡–ƒŽǡŠ›†”ƒ—Ž‹……‹–›‘ˆ—†‹•’—–‡†“—ƒǦ
Ž‹–‹‡•ǡ„ƒŽƒ…‹‰ƒ–—”‡ƒ†„—‹Ž–Ǧ—’ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ
‘’”‡•‡”˜‡‹‡‡ƒ’ǯ•“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ–‘
ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ „ƒŽƒ…‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡
‰‘”•‹–‡ǡ–‘•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹–•Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ƒ†
–‘–—”‹–‹–‘ƒ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡’Žƒ…‡ˆ‘”‘†‡”
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡™‘”–Š›‘ˆ‹–•ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
’ƒ•–‹•ƒƒŒ‘”—”„ƒ‹•–‹……ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡Ǥ
Š‹• •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ‹•‡• ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ˆ—†ƒǦ
‡–ƒŽ ‹••—‡•ǣ –Š‡ •ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰ ‘ˆ Š—‰‡
‹Šƒ„‹–‡† –‡””‹–‘”‹‡• ™Š‹…Š •Š‘—Ž† ‘–
„‡ …‘••‡–‡† „—– ™Š‹…Š Šƒ˜‡ –‘ —†‡”‰‘
ƒ…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†ƒ†ƒ•–‡”‡††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
Š‡–Š‡…‘—–”›”‡‘’‡‡†‹–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›
ͳͻͻͲ• —†‡” –Š‡ ƒ‡‰‹• ‘ˆ ǡ ƒ
‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽ ‘‡–— ‘ˆ •‘Ž‹†ƒ”‹–›
‘„‹Ž‹•‡† –Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘—‹–›
‘„‡ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ‰‘”ǤŠ‡•‹–‡™ƒ•‹•…”‹Ǧ
„‡†‘–Š‡‘”Ž†‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹•–ƒ†‹…Ž—Ǧ
†‡† ƒ –Š‘”‘—‰Š ƒ”‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ œ‘‹‰
’Žƒ ƒ† †‡Ž‹‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‡†
œ‘‡•ȋ•‡‡ƒ†œ‘‹‰’ŽƒȌǤ
Ǥ‡–ǡUn musée comme
amorce d’un nouvel élan touristique et
urbain dans le centre ville de Siem Reap
au Cambodgeǡǡ2…‘Ž‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡•—’±Ǧ
”‹‡—”‡ †ǯ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ †‡ ƒ”‹• ‡”•ƒ‹ŽŽ‡•ǡ
±”ƒ”†Žƒ†‡Žȋ†‹”ǤȌǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ƒ—‡ŽŽ‡ǡ Étude de l’eau dans la
cité de Siem Reapǡ 2…‘Ž‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ •—’±Ǧ
”‹‡—”‡†ǯƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡†‡ƒ”‹•Ǧ‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡǤ
Ž±‡–ȋ†‹”ǤȌǡŒ—‹ŽŽ‡–ͳͻͻͺǡͶͻ’Ǥ
Š‹• ‡š‡’Žƒ”› ƒƒ‰‡‡– •…Š‡‡
’Žƒ‡† –Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒŽ ‡Žƒ”‰‡‡– ‘ˆ–Š‡
’‡”‹‡–‡”ǡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘•– ’”‡•–‹‰‹‘—•
‘—‡–ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒǡ ƒ”‘—† ͶͲͲ ψǡ
ȋ‡“—ƒŽ–‘ˆ‹˜‡–‹‡•–Š‡ƒ”‹•ƒ”‡ƒ™‹–Š–Š‡
‡š…Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹…‡‡•ƒ†‘—Ž‘‰‡
ƒ”•Ȍ –‘ –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹…‡ǯ•
–‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ – ‹• –Š‡ –Š‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’
„‡–™‡‡ ‰‘” ƒ† –Š‡ –‘™ ‘ˆ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ǡ „‡–™‡‡ ‹–• –‡””‹–‘”› ‹ –Š‡ ’”‘Ǧ
˜‹…‡ǯ•‡š–‡†‡†ƒ”‡ƒǡ„‡–™‡‡–Š‡™‡ŽŽǦ
‰—ƒ”†‡† ƒ† …‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† ’”‘–‡…–‡† œ‘‡
ƒ†–Š‡–‘™•—””‘—†‹‰‹–ǡ‹–•Š‡ƒ”–ǡ‹–•
‡š–‡•‹‘• ƒ† ‹–• ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽ –‡””‹–‘”›ǡ
™Š‹…Š†‡•‡”˜‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ
Š‡–‘™ǯ•‘”–Š‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†•ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹‰–Š‡ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ’ƒ”ǡ
‹‹‹•Š‹‰–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ…ƒ‘’›Ǥ‡”‹ƒŽ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
‰‘”ƒ––”ƒ…–•‰”‘™‹‰—„‡”•‘ˆ–‘—Ǧ
”‹•–•Ǥ‹–Š‹ͳͷ›‡ƒ”•‹–™‡–ˆ”‘ͶͲǡͲͲͲ
˜‹•‹–‘”• ’‡” ›‡ƒ” –‘ ƒŽ‘•– –™‘ ‹ŽŽ‹‘Ǥ
‰‘”‹•„‡…‘‹‰‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†ƒ–
’”‡•‡–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ…‘—–”‹‡•–ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹–Š‡
…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘™‘”•—†‡”–Š‡—–Š‘”‹–›
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‘–‡…–‹‘ ƒ† ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”† ‘ˆ –Š‡
‹–‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —–Š‘”‹–›Ǥ
͵
Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—–Š‘”‹–›ǡ„‡•‹†‡•
„‡‹‰”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰‘ˆ
–Š‡‘—‡–•ƒ†ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰›‡‰ƒ‰‡•
™‹–Š–Š‡–‘™ƒ†’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•
‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆ–‘—”‹•ǡ—”„ƒƒ†‡˜‹Ǧ
”‘‡–ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
Š‡”ƒ’‹†…Šƒ‰‡•‘……—””‹‰‹–Š‡–‘™
‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ†–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ–•–ƒ‡–Šƒ–
‹–•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–”‡’”‡•‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡•ƒˆ‡Ǧ
‰—ƒ”† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘” ‹–‡ Ž‡† —•ǡ ˆ‘” –Š‡
’ƒ•––‡›‡ƒ”•–‘…ƒ””›‘—–‹…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘
™‹–Š–Š‡2…‘Ž‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡•—’±”‹‡—”‡†ǯ”Ǧ
…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ †‡ ƒ”‹•Ǧ‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ ȋȌǡ
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ…–‹˜‹Ǧ
–‹‡•ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡‰ƒ–Š‡”‡†ƒ––Š‡
‹‡ ‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘” ”„ƒ „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›ǣ
”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡Ǧ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǧ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ
•—’’‘”–‡† „› –Š‡ ‹‹•–”› ‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡
ƒ† ‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›
™ƒ•…”‡ƒ–‡†‹…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š’”ƒ—•ǡ
–Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› Ǧ ǤǤǤ ͹ͳ͵͸ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ 2…‘Ž‡
”ƒ­ƒ‹•‡ †ǯš–”²‡Ǧ”‹‡– ™Š‹…Š Š‘—Ǧ
•‡•–Š‡„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›‘•‹–‡Ǥ
–•ƒ‹”‘Ž‡‹•–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ƒ† —”„ƒ‹•–‹… ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š
ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡–ǡ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ …Šƒ‰‡•ǡ ‡š–‡•‹‘• ƒ†
–›’‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǣ –Š‡ ’Žƒ• ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†ǡ –Š‡
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”• ƒ† ‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ƒ…–‹‘Ǥ –•
‰‘ƒŽ‹•–‘…‘–”‹„—–‡–‘–Š‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ
–Š‡ –‡””‹–‘”› „› ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•
ƒ†Ž‘…ƒŽƒ†‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”–‡”•™‹–Š
†‘…—‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘‹–‘”‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡
…Šƒ‰‡•Ǥ
‹‡‡ƒ’–‘™‹•–Š‡‰ƒ–‡™ƒ›–‘‰‘”
ƒ†Šƒ•„‡‡—†‡”‰‘‹‰†”ƒƒ–‹…–”ƒ•Ǧ
ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‡’ƒ•–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ›‡ƒ”•ǤŠ‹•
‹•™Š‡”‡‘—”‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ƒ•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•
ƒ†–‡ƒ…Š‡”•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ˆ‘…—•‡†Ǥ
Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‘”•Š‘’‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ™‹–Š‹–Š‡
ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ ™ƒ• …ƒ””‹‡†
‘—–†—”‹‰ͳͻͻ͵ǦͳͻͻͶǤ–™ƒ•‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†
ƒ• ƒ ‡š–‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹ƒ ‡–”‘’‘Ž‹•
…—””‹…—Ž— ™Š‹…Š ˆ‘” –Š”‡‡ ›‡ƒ”• •–—Ǧ
†‹‡† Š‘ ‡Š ƒˆ–‡” ‹–• Dz”‡Ǧ‘’‡‹‰dzǡ
‹ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ –‡Ž‹‡” ’ƒ”‹•‹‡
†ǯ”„ƒ‹•‡ ȋȌ ƒ† •’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›
™‹–Š Š”‹•–‹ƒ‡ Žƒ…‘–ǡ ƒ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–Ȁ
—”„ƒ’Žƒ‡”Ǥ
Š‡ „Ž—‡’”‹– ’Žƒ‹‰ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ‘ˆ
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ –‘™ ȋǦȌ ™ƒ•
†”ƒˆ–‡†„‡–™‡‡ͳͻͻͶƒ†ͳͻͻ͹ǡƒ‹Ž›
„ƒ•‡† ‘ ’”‡˜‹‘—• ™‘”• …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—–
‘ –Š‡ –‘™ „› ‘• ‘”ƒ–Š ƒ† Ž‹‡
±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡” ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”
‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒ† œ‘‹‰ ’Žƒ ‘ˆ
‰‘”ǡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ͳͻͻʹǦͳͻͻ͵ǡ ˆ‘ŽǦ
Ž‘™‹‰–Š‡Ž‹•–‹‰‘–Š‡‘”Ž†‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
‹•– ȋȌǤ ”±†±”‹… ƒ—”‡–ǡ ƒ ƒ”…Š‹Ǧ
–‡…–ǡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• •’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›
ˆ‘…—•‹‰ ‘ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ψ
ƒ† –‘™ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒǦ
‡™‘”‘ˆ’”ƒ—•ˆ‘”–Š‡‡™Ž›…”‡ƒ–‡†
”„ƒ ‡’ƒ”–‡– —†‡” –Š‡
ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ‡’’ƒ–Š‘Ǥ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ
ƒ—‡ŽŽ‡ ƒ› ™ƒ• ™‘”‹‰ ‘ ƒ †‹•Ǧ
•‡”–ƒ–‹‘”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰™ƒ–‡”ƒ†–‘™ωƒ†
‘ƒƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ†‡‰”‡‡”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡
Š‡ƒ† ‘ˆˆ‹…‡Ǥ ‹…‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡”
ƒ”‹•Ǧ‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ •–—†‡–• Šƒ˜‡ •‡––Ž‡† ‹
‹‡‡ƒ’‘”Š‘‡Šƒ†Šƒ˜‡…”‡ƒǦ
–‡†‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Žƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ™‘”••—…Š
ƒ• ‰‘” ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ ȋŽ‹˜‹‡” ‹‘–ȌǢ ƒ–Šƒ
‘’Šƒ …‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ …‡–”‡ ƒ† ƒ …Žƒ••‹Ǧ
…ƒŽ†ƒ…‡ŠƒŽŽȋ›”‹Žƒ†‹•ƒ‘•ǡ•ƒ
”…Š‹–‡…–•ȌǤ
Š‡ ƒŒ‘” …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „›
‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ†‹–•–‡””‹–‘”›ˆ‘”–Š‡•ƒˆ‡Ǧ
‰—ƒ”†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘” •‹–‡ Šƒ• Ž‡† —•
–‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ǡ •‹…‡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ƒ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’Ȁ
‰‘” ™‘”•Š‘’ǡ ƒ ƒ•–‡” •–—†‹‘ ‘ˆ
–Š‡2…‘Ž‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡—’±”‹‡—”‡†‡ƒ”‹•Ǧ
‡ŽŽ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ ™‹–Š ›”‹Ž ‘•ǡ °• ƒ—Ž‹•ǡ
ƒ–ŠƒŽ‹‡ ƒ…”‡–ǡ Ž‹‡ ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡ
‹•ƒ‘•ƒ††°Ž‡•’‘•‹–‘ǤšŠ‹„‹–‹‘•
‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”•Š‘’• •‹…‡ –Š‡‹” …”‡ƒ–‹‘
Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ—ƒŽŽ›‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†ƒ†…‘ˆ‡Ǧ
”‡…‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡Š‡Ž†ƒ––Š‡‹‡‡ƒ’
”‡…Š —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‡–”‡Ǥ ‡”› “—‹…Ž›
–Š‡•‡ ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡
…‘’Ž‡‡–‡†™‹–Š”‡•‡ƒ”…Š™‘”••—’Ǧ
’‘”–‡†„›–Š‡„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›Ǥ
°•
ƒ—Ž‹•ǡŠƒ•ƒŠǤǤ‹—”„ƒ•–—†‹‡•ǡ
‹•ƒ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š–‡ƒ…Š‡”ˆ‘”ƒ†Šƒ•
™‘”‡† ‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘‘’‡Ǧ
”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘Œ‡…–• •‹…‡ ͳͻͻͳǤ Les Leçons
d’Angkor : dix ans de coopération internationale dans la région de Siem Reap/
Angkorǡ ȋDz‰‘”ǯ• Ž‡••‘•ǣ –‡ ›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ‹‡
‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘””‡‰‹‘dzȌǤ
Ž‹‡±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”‹•ƒƒ”…Š‹–‡…–ƒ†
Š•–—†‡–ƒ–ǤŠ‡Šƒ•„‡‡™‘”Ǧ
‹‰‹‹‡‡ƒ’ˆ‘”‘”‡–Šƒˆ‹ˆ–‡‡
›‡ƒ”•ǡ™Š‡”‡ˆ”‘ƒŠ‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽƒ‰Ž‡ǡ•Š‡
‘„•‡”˜‡• ƒ† ‘–‡• –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
–‘™ƒ†”ƒ’‹††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ•–
†‡…ƒ†‡ǣ Développement et patrimoine :
formes et mutations de la ville de Siem
Reap à l’ombre d’Angkor (1907-2007),
ȋDz‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǣ ˆ‘”• ƒ†
…Šƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ –‘™ ‹ –Š‡ •ŠƒǦ
†‘™‘ˆ‰‘”ȋͳͻͲ͹ǦʹͲͲ͹ȌdzȌǤ
†°Ž‡ •’‘•‹–‘ ‹• ƒ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…– ƒ† ‹•
—†‡”–ƒ‹‰ Š‡” ŠǤǤ ƒ– Ǥ Š‡
™‘”• ‘ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǯ• ‰‡ƒ”‹‰ ˆ‘” –‘—Ǧ
”‹•ƒ†‘‹–•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡‘ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ
ƒ†—”„ƒˆ‘”•ǣSiem Reap – Inventions
et constitution d’un lieu de tourisme aux
portes d’AngkorǡȋDz‹‡‡ƒ’Ǧ˜‡–‹‰
ƒ† ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ ƒ –‘—”‹• Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘
‰‘”ǯ•†‘‘”•–‡’•ǤdzȌǤ
Š‹•ˆ‹”•–„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›—ŽŽ‡–‹’—„Ž‹•Š‡†
‹ʹͲͲͺ•—ƒ”‹•‡•–Š‡•‡ˆ‹”•–›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ
™‘”Ǥ
‘”‡‘˜‡” –Š‡ „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› –‡ƒ •Š‘—Ž†
–ƒ‡ ’ƒ”–ǡ †—”‹‰ …–‘„‡” ʹͲͲͺ ‹ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ǡ ‹ ƒ ”‘—† –ƒ„Ž‡ ‘ ’”‡•‡– –‘™
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ‹–• ‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘”Ȁ
‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
•‹–‡ǤŠ‹•”‘—†–ƒ„Ž‡‹•‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†„›–Š‡
‡–”‡ˆ‘”Š‡”–—†‹‡•ȋȌ™‹–Š–Š‡
”„ƒ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ –Š‡ ‡––›
‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–‹–—–‡ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ…‹ˆ‹…
‹ ‘—…‹Ž ˆ‘” ”„ƒ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
ȋȌǤ
Pierre Clément
ͳ A joint cooperation APUR - IPRAUS
regarding Phnom Penh heritage was carried out and managed by Christiane Blancot
and Aline Hétreau-Pottier; see Starkmann
Nathan, Blancot Christiane (ed.), Phnom Penh.
Développement urbain et patrimoine, ministère
de la Culture, Atelier parisien durbanisme,
Paris, 1997, 160 p.
ʹFrédéric Mauret, Identification et protection
du patrimoine architectural et urbain de la ville
Ͷ
de Siem Reap, final report, Ipraus/Ministry of
Culture/Apsara, 1996.
de-France, CNRS, UMR 7136 AUS, IPRAUS, July
2007, 142 p.
͵Emmanuelle Gay, Etude de l’eau dans la cité
de Siem Reap, thesis of the École dArchitecture de Paris-Belleville, 1998.
ͷ The volume Autrement : Angkor VIII e–
XXI esiècle. Mémoire et identité khmère, February
2008, steered by Hugues Tertrais echoes Inès
Gaulis work, «Aménagement du territoire : le
zonage, limite ou frontière ? » pp.168-181, and
of Aline Hétreau-Pottier, « Siem Reap bouleversé : dynamique touristique et urbanisation » pp.182-203.
Ͷ Inès Gaulis, Les Leçons d'Angkor : dix ans
de coopération internationale dans la région
de Siem Reap/Angkor, research report, postdoctoral project financed by the Région Île-
Activities/News
Bibliography
ȋ
Š‘—Ž‡ƒǡ ”‹…ǡ •ŠŽ‡›Ȍǡ Angkor, passé,
présent et avenirǡ Š‘ ‡ŠȀƒ”‹•ǡ
‡•…‘ǡͳͻͻ͹Ǥ
ǡVille de Siem Reap - Angkor.
Plan d’Urbanisme de référence et projets
prioritairesǡ›–Š°•‡ǡƒ’’‘”–†±ϐ‹‹–‹ˆǡ͵
˜‘ŽǤǡ‘•‡‹Ž•—’±”‹‡—”†‡Žƒ…—Ž–—”‡ƒ–‹‘Ǧ
ƒŽ‡ǡ ǡ ‘›ƒ—‡ †— ƒ„‘†‰‡ǡ
2–—†‡ ϐ‹ƒ…±‡ ƒ˜‡… Ž‡ …‘…‘—”• †‡ Žƒ
ƒ‹••‡ ˆ”ƒ­ƒ‹•‡ †‡ ±˜‡Ž‘’’‡‡–ǡ
‘˜‡„”‡ͳͻͻͷǤ
Š”‹•–‹ƒǡ ǡ
Siem Reap/Angkor. Plan d’Urbanisme de
référence et projets prioritaires. Étude
touristiqueǤ 2˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ †‡• ±–—†‡• †‡
’”‡‹°”‡ ’Šƒ•‡ǡ ‘•‡‹Ž •—’±”‹‡—” †‡ Žƒ
…—Ž–—”‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ ǡ ‘›ƒ—‡ †—
ƒ„‘†‰‡ǡ‘˜‡„”‡ͳͻͻͶǤ
Mission d’étude tourisme. Angkor/Siem
Reap. ƒ’’‘”– †‡ ’Šƒ•‡ ʹǡ ‘…—‡– †‡
–”ƒ˜ƒ‹Žǡ˜‘Ž—‡ǡ‘›ƒ—‡†—ƒ„‘†‰‡ǡ
‘•‡‹Ž•—’±”‹‡—”†‡Žƒ…—Ž–—”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ
ǡ ±–‡–‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–•ǡ ǡ ‹ŽŽ‡• ‘—˜‡ŽŽ‡•ǡ ‘
†ƒ–±Ǥ
Mission d’étude tourisme. Angkor/Siem
ReapǤ ƒ’’‘”– †‡ ’Šƒ•‡ ʹǡ ‘…—‡– †‡
–”ƒ˜ƒ‹Žǡ˜‘Ž—‡ǡ‘›ƒ—‡†—ƒ„‘†‰‡ǡ
‘•‡‹Ž•—’±”‹‡—”†‡Žƒ…—Ž–—”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ
ǡ ±–‡–‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–•ǡ ǡ
‹ŽŽ‡•‘—˜‡ŽŽ‡•ǡ‘†ƒ–±Ǥ
°•ǡ Les leçons d’Angkor : dix
ans de coopération internationale dans
la région de Siem Reap Angkorǡ ƒ’’‘”–
†‡ ”‡…Š‡”…Š‡ •‘—• Žƒ †‹”‡…–‹‘ †‡ ‹‡””‡
Ž±‡–ǡ ’”‘Œ‡– •‘—–‡— ’ƒ” —‡ ƒŽŽ‘…ƒǦ
–‹‘ †‡ Žƒ ±‰‹‘ BŽ‡Ǧ†‡Ǧ”ƒ…‡ǡ Ȁ
ǡƒ”‹•ǡ—‹ŽŽ‡–ʹͲͲ͹ǡͳͶʹ’Ǥ
°•ǡ Dz±ƒ‰‡‡– †— –‡””‹Ǧ
–‘‹”‡ǣ Ž‡ œ‘ƒ‰‡ǡ Ž‹‹–‡ ‘— ˆ”‘–‹°”‡ǫdzǡ
‰‘”‡Ǧ‡•‹°…Ž‡ǡMémoire et identité khmèresǡ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘±‘‹”‡•Ȁ‹ŽŽ‡•ǡ
†Ǥ—–”‡‡–ǡƒ”‹•ǡʹͲͲͺǡ’’Ǥͳ͸ͺǦͳͺͳǤ
°•ǡDzƒ—˜‡‰ƒ”†‡‡–’Žƒ‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘
—”„ƒ‹‡†ƒ•Žƒ”±‰‹‘†ǯ‰‘”Ǥ‡’Žƒ
†ǯ—”„ƒ‹•‡ †‡ ”±ˆ±”‡…‡ǣ ͳͻͻͷdzǡ ‡
…‘‰”°• †— ±•‡ƒ— •‹‡Ǧǡ –‡Ž‹‡”
ͳʹǡ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡•†‡Žƒ˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡʹ͹•‡’–ʹͲͲ͹ǡ
ƒ”‹•ǡ™™™Ǥ”‡•‡ƒ—Ǧƒ•‹‡Ǥ…‘Ǥ
2Ǧ Ž‹‡ǡ Ǽ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
„‘—Ž‡˜‡”•±‡ǣ †›ƒ‹“—‡ –‘—”‹•–‹“—‡ ‡–
—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ǽǡ ‰‘” ‡Ǧ‡ •‹°…Ž‡ǡ
Mémoire et identité khmèresǡ ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘
±‘‹”‡•Ȁ‹ŽŽ‡•ǡ †Ǥ —–”‡‡–ǡ ƒ”‹•ǡ
ʹͲͲͺǡ’’ǤͳͺʹǦʹͲͶǤ
”±†±”‹…ǡ Identiϔication et protection du patrimoine architectural et
urbain de la ville de Siem Reap (Cambodge)ǡ
”ƒ’’‘”– ϐ‹ƒŽǡ ±˜‡Ž‘’’‡‡–Ȁ
‹‹•–°”‡ˆ”ƒ­ƒ‹•†‡Žƒ—Ž–—”‡Ȁǡ
ǡͳͻͻ͸Ǥ
Š”‹•–‘’Š‡ǡ Carte archéologique de la région d’Angkor - Zone sudǡ–Š°•‡
•‘—• Žƒ †‹”‡…–‹‘ †‡ ”—‘ ƒ‰‡•ǡ —‹Ǧ
˜‡”•‹–±ƒ”‹•Ǧ‘”„‘‡‘—˜‡ŽŽ‡ͳͻͻͻǡ
͵˜‘ŽǤ͵ͺͶ’ǤΪ͵ʹ’Žƒ…Š‡•Ǥ
‘”ƒ–Šǡ 2Ǧ
Ž‹‡ǡ Project. Zoning and
Environnemental management plan for
the Angkor Area (ZEMP). Urban developmentǡǡ‹‡‡ƒ’Ȁƒ”‹•ǡͳͻͻ͵Ǥ
ǡ Zoning and environnemental management of Angkor within the
Siem Reap regionǡ ǡ ǡ ‰‡…›ǡ ™‡†‡ǡ ‹ƒŽ ‡’‘”–ǡ Š‘
‡Šǡͳͻͻ͵Ǥ
2Ǧ Ž‹‡ǡ Ǽ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
ƒ—š ƒ”‰‡• †ǯ‰‘” ǣ ˆƒ„”‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‡–
”‡’”±•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ǽǡ‡…‘‰”°•†—±•‡ƒ—
•‹‡Ǧǡ–‡Ž‹‡”ͳʹǡ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡•†‡
Žƒ˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡʹ͹•‡’–ʹͲͲ͹ǡƒ”‹•ǡ™™™Ǥ”‡•‡ƒ—Ǧ
ƒ•‹‡Ǥ…‘Ǥ
†°Ž‡ǡ Ǽ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǣ ‘”‡•
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ‡• †‡• Ž‹‡—š †ǯƒ……—‡‹Ž –‘—Ǧ
”‹•–‹“—‡ǽǡ ‡ …‘‰”°• †— ±•‡ƒ— •‹‡Ǧ
ǡ –‡Ž‹‡” ͳʹǡ ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡• †‡ Žƒ
˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ ʹ͹ •‡’– ʹͲͲ͹ǡ ƒ”‹•ǡ ™™™Ǥ”‡•‡ƒ—Ǧ
ƒ•‹‡Ǥ…‘Ǥ
Ͷͻ
Housing complex
Coralie Buchart (2006/2007)
Observatory
Siem Reap/Angkor urban
”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡Ǧ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǧ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
‡–…Š‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’ƒ–Š•Ǣ
‡–…Š‘ˆ–Š‡”‘—–‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‘•–••–”—…–—”‹‰
–Š‡’Žƒ…‡Ǥ
‘†‡Ž
Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–…‘•‹•–•‘ˆ†‡•‹‰‹‰ƒŠ‘—Ǧ
•‹‰ …‘’Ž‡š ƒŽ‘‰ ƒ …ƒƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ •‘—–Š
‘ˆ ͸Ǥ • –Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‹• –‘ ‰‹˜‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡
ˆ”‡‡†‘ˆ‘”–Š‡†™‡ŽŽ‡”•–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’–Š‡‹”
Š‘—•‹‰ǡ–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰™‹ŽŽ„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†ƒ•
ƒ Dz•‡Ž‡–‘dz ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ •–”—…–—”‡ǡ –Š‡
…‘’ƒ”–‡– ™ƒŽŽ•ǡ –Š‡ ”‘‘ˆ‹‰ ƒ† –Š‡
‰ƒ• ƒ† ™ƒ–‡” ‹Ž‡–•Ǥ Š‡ †‹˜‹•‹‘ ƒ†
‹–‡”‹‘” †‡•‹‰ ƒ”‡ Ž‡ˆ– –‘ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡
‘ˆ–Š‡†™‡ŽŽ‡”•Ǥƒ…Š…‘•–”—…–‹‘‹…Ž—Ǧ
†‡•–™‘ƒ’ƒ”–‡–•ǡ‘‡‘–Š‡‰”‘—†Ǧ
ˆŽ‘‘” ƒ† ‘‡ ‘ –Š‡ —’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ  ƒ
—”„ƒ •…ƒŽ‡ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰• ƒ”‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†
‹ ‰”‘—’• ‘ˆ –Š”‡‡ǡ Ž‹‡† „› ƒ ™ƒŽ™ƒ›
™‹†‡‹‰‡ƒ”–Š‡†™‡ŽŽ‹‰–‘„‡…‘‡ƒ
‡‡–‹‰ ’Žƒ…‡Ǥ Š‡› ƒŽ•‘ •Šƒ”‡ ƒ –‘™‡”ǡ
ƒ”ƒ‹™ƒ–‡””‡•‡”˜‘‹””—‹‰‹–‘’‹’‡•
‘–Š‡—†‡”•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡™ƒŽ™ƒ›•ǡ™Š‹…Š
Ž‡ƒ†‹–‘‡ƒ…ŠŽ‘†‰‹‰Ǥ
Introducing
Despite being a small provincial capital, Siem Reap has acquired international
status due to its function as the gateway to Angkor. Since the country’s reopening
in the early 90•, the town has been undergoing rapid urban development caused by
tourism and the resulting opening to international conditions.
This trend raises infrastructural, urban management, heritage awareness and environmental issues for the archaeological site and for the town. Moreover, Siem Reap’s
economic development depends mainly on tourism. The architectural, urban and
natural heritage is therefore a major asset: harmonious and sustainable urban
development represents a real strategic issue.
The Siem Reap/Angkor Observatory’s ambition is to focus on architectural and
urban changes caused by this sudden urban sprawl with, in the background, the
contrast between a major archaeological site and a modern town which must adapt
to and transform through the strong growth of tourism ϔlow and accompanying
investments.
‡…–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‡–‹”‡„—‹Ž†‹‰
‡–ǡ–Š‹•ˆ‘…—••Š‘—Ž†‰‘
„‡›‘†–Š‡–‘™‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ǡƒ•–Š‡
†‡ƒ”…ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ†
–Š‡•‹–‡‹•‹ƒ›™ƒ›•ƒ”–‹ˆ‹…‹ƒŽǤ
”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ •‹–‡• ƒ”‡ •’”‡ƒ† ƒŽŽ
‘˜‡” –Š‡ –‡””‹–‘”› ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™
‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ‹–•‡Žˆ ƒ† ƒ…‹‡– •–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ•–Ȅ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡ǡ
Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹…•ǡ ’Ž‘–•ȄŠƒ˜‡ ˆ‘”‡† –Š‡
‡–‹”‡ ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡• ˆ‘”
–Š‡‰‘””…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ”™Š‹…Š
‹• ‘– ‡–‹”‡Ž› †‡†‹…ƒ–‡† –‘ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ǧ
Ž‘‰›ƒ•ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ’‡‘’Ž‡Ž‹˜‡‹˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•
™‹–Š‹‹–•–‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ
Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› —•– ƒŽ•‘ ˆ‘…—• ‘
–Š‡–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡
‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘” ”‡‰‹‘ ƒ† ”‡’‘”–• ‘
™Šƒ– Šƒ’’‡• ‹•‹†‡ –Š‹• …‘’Ž‡š
•’ƒ…‡Ǥ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ‹• ‘ˆ ‹–‡”‡•– ƒ†
…Šƒ‰‡• †—‡ –‘ ‹–• …Ž‘•‡ ’”‘š‹‹–› –‘
‰‘”ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡–™‘–‡””‹–‘”‹‡•
‡‡†–‘„‡•–—†‹‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ
Siem Reap ‹‡‡ƒ’’Žƒ›•Š‘•–
–‘ ‹ŽŽ‹‘• ‘ˆ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ ƒ† ƒ„‘†‹ƒ
˜‹•‹–‘”•ǡ™Š‘…‘‡–‘†‹•…‘˜‡”–Š‡•—…Ǧ
…‡••‹˜‡ …ƒ’‹–ƒŽ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‹‡– Š‡”
’‹”‡ǤŠ‹•–‘—”‹•‹ˆŽ‘™”‡•—Ž–•‹
”ƒ’‹† —”„ƒ ‰”‘™–Šǡ ™‹–Š ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡ ‰‡ƒ”‡† –‘™ƒ”†• –‘—”‹• †‹•”‡Ǧ
‰ƒ”†‹‰—”„ƒƒ†ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽˆ‘”•
ˆ”‘–Š‡’ƒ•–ƒ†–—”‹‰–Š‡–‘™‹–‘
ƒ •’ƒ…‡ ƒ– –Š‡ •‡”˜‹…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘”
•‹–‡ǤŠ‹•Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ––”‹„—–‡†
–‘‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ†–‘•‡–—’ƒ‘„•‡”˜ƒǦ
–‘”›–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ‘ˆ™Š‹…Š™‹ŽŽ„‡–‘”‡’‘”–
–Š‡…Šƒ‰‡•–Š‡–‘™—†‡”‰‘‡•ƒ†–‘
—†‡”•–ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›’”‘…‡‡†Ǥ
Žƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹”•–ǦϐŽ‘‘”ƒ†‰”‘—†ǦϐŽ‘‘”Ǥ
‡‡”ƒŽ’Žƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ
Inès Gaulis
Nathalie Lancret
Š‡–‘™…‡–”‡ǣ•ƒ”Šƒ•ǡ–Š‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ”‡ƒƒ†
•ƒ”‡—ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›̹Ǥ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲͶǤ
Ͷͺ
Study site
ͳAlmost two million visitors in 2007
ͷ
A study session, organised by IPRAUS and the École Française d’Extrême-Orient was held on March 9, 2005 in
Siem Reap at the EFEO with the aim of reϔlecting on the establishment of such an observatory. This session deϔined
the observatory’s mission, goals and programmes.
Phum Tmey school extension
Maria Inès Costa (2006/2007)
Š‡•…Š‘‘Ž•‹–‡‹•†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘–™‘’Ž‘–•
‘ˆŽƒ†ǣ–Š‡•‘—–Š‡”Žƒ†‹•ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‹Ǧ
ƒ”› •…Š‘‘Ž ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ •‹š „—‹Ž†‹‰• ‹ ƒ
•Šƒ’‡Ǣ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‡” ‘‡ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‘…—• ‘ˆ
–Š‡™‘”ǡŠ‘•–•–Š‡Š‹‰ŠǦ•…Š‘‘Žƒ†‡‘ˆ
–Š”‡‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰• ‹ ƒ •Šƒ’‡ ƒ”‘—† ƒ
…‘—”–›ƒ”†Ǥ
Goals, mission and programmes
The Siem Reap Angkor Observatory is a research structure, related to IPRAUS/
ENSAPB and to the École Française d’Extrême-Orient, located in Siem Reap
within the EFEO premises. It works in cooperation with APSARA.
‘…—‡–ƒ–‹‘‹••‹‘
Research mission
‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘‹••‹‘
‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›ǯ• ˆ‹”•– ‹••‹‘•
‹• –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” ƒ’’‹‰ „ƒ…‰”‘—† ƒ†
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ǯ•ƒ”…Š‹Ǧ
–‡…–—”ƒŽˆ‘”•ǤŠ‹•‹••‹‘•–ƒ”–‡†™‹–Š
ƒ’”‡ƒ†•›•–‡ƒ–‹…‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
’”‡•‡–†‘…—‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‹‘–Š‡”
†‘…—‡–ƒ–‹‘‘”ƒ”…Š‹˜‡…‡–”‡•ǣ
Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹••‹‘ ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡• ƒ”‘—†
–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹••—‡•ǣ
–™ƒ•ϐ‹ƒŽŽ›’Žƒ‡†–‘’—„Ž‹•Šƒ‡™•Ǧ
Ž‡––‡”ƒ…–‹‰ƒ•ƒ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘–‘‘Žˆ‘”
–Š‡„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›Ǥ
- Mappinginventory—plangatheringandCD
Rom burning associated with IPRAUS’Asian
town mapping programme..
-
Documents gathered in a collection
belonging to the Observatory (EFEO library
in Siem Reap) are available to researchers.
- The town’s representation through maps
and plans, analysis of the relationship
between the archaeological site and the
town;
- Tourism and urban development;
- Understanding the operation tools;
- Observationofthearchitecturalandurban
changes in Siem Reap and its surrounding
region (identification, listing and typology
of new architectural forms, identification,
listing and typology of urban extensions);
- Urban and land dynamics;
- Landscape, urban and territorial heritage.
Š‡ „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›ǯ• ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘
–Š‡•‡ –Š”‡‡ ƒŒ‘” ‹••‹‘•ǡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—–
ƒ–ƒ†ƒ––Š‡‹‡‡ƒ’‰‘”Ȁ
„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ ƒ ’‘•–Ǧ
†‘…–‘”ƒŽ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ† –™‘ ŠǤǤ –Š‡•‡•
”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒ”‡ ‘‰‘‹‰ ƒ†
ƒ”–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•Ǧ
•‹‘Ǥ
Scientific team
Scientific authority:
Pierre Clémentǡ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ†‹”‡…–‘”Ǣ
Nathalie LancretǡȀ•‡‹‘””‡•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ȀǢ
Charles Goldblumǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›’”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ”‹•ȀǢ
Christophe Pottierǡƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†’”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ––Š‡2…‘Ž‡ˆ”ƒ­ƒ‹•‡†ǯš–”²‡Ǧ”‹‡–ǡ
†‹”‡…–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡‡ƒ’Ǥ
Inès Gaulisǡ
Ȁ’‘•–Ǧ†‘…–‘”ƒ–ǡ
Ž‡…–—”‡”ǡȀƒ•–‡”™‘”Ǧ
•Š‘’‰‘”Ȁ‹‡‡ƒ’
͸
ͳͷͲͲ
Š‡ ’”‡•‡– …ƒ’ƒ…‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ‹•
‹•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ǣ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡•…Š‘‘Žƒ”‡ƒ‹•–Š‡ƒ‹‰‘ƒŽǡƒ†™‹ŽŽ
’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ‘”‡ †‹”‡…– Ž‹ –‘ –Š‡ …ƒƒŽ
ƒ† –Š‡ •—””‘—†‹‰ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†Ǥ
Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‹•–Š‡–‘‘……—’›™‹–Š‡™
…‘•–”—…–‹‘• –Š‡ Žƒ† Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‘ –Š‡
‘–Š‡”•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒƒŽǤ
‘‘’‡—’–Š‡•…Š‘‘Ž–‘–Š‡…ƒƒŽ‹˜‘ŽǦ
˜‡•–Š‡Dz†‡‘Ž‹–‹‘dz‘ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰
„—‹Ž†‹‰•”‡’Žƒ…‡†„›ƒ‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽ„—‹ŽǦ
†‹‰ ‘ •–‹Ž–•ǡ ™Š‹…Š ™‘—Ž† ˆ—…–‹‘ ƒ•
–Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •…Š‘‘Žǡ ƒ† ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ–‹‰
–Š‡ ‘Ž†‡” „—‹Ž†‹‰• ™‹–Š ‡™ „—‹Ž†‹‰•
Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‘–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒƒŽǤ
Š‹•‡™Žƒ†”‡•‡”˜‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡•…Š‘‘Ž‹•
‡š–‡†‹‰ƒƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒƒŽ™Š‹…Š™‹ŽŽ
ˆ‹š–Š‡Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡™…Žƒ••”‘‘•Ǥ
Š‡ „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› …ƒ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
ˆ‘””‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•‘”ŠǤǤ•–—†‡–•ǡ™Š‘•‡
”‡•‡ƒ”…Š •—„Œ‡…–• ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‘•‡
„‡‹‰ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹ ‹–• ’”‡‹•‡• ‘” ™‹ŽŽ
ƒ††–‘–Š‡Ǥ
ENSAPB/IPRAUS
scientific coordination
Ͳ ͷͲͲ
Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡– —–‹Ž‹•‡• –™‘
…‘—”–›ƒ”†•ǡ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ƒ† ‡™ ‘‡•ǡ
–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ›Dz˜‡‰‡–ƒŽdzƒ†Dzƒ“—ƒ–‹…dzǤŠ‡
•…Š‘‘Ž‡–”ƒ…‡™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‡ƒ”–Š‡
…ƒƒŽ–‘ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ……‡••–‘–Š‡•…Š‘‘Žǡƒ•
‹•–Š‡…ƒ•‡‹ƒ’ƒ‰‘†ƒǯ•Žƒ›‘—–ǤŠ‡‡™
…Žƒ••”‘‘•ƒ”‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†‹–‘–Š”‡‡„—‹ŽǦ
†‹‰•ǡ…‘‡…–‡†„›ƒ…‘–‹—‘—•‰ƒŽŽ‡”›Ǥ
ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘• ‹…Ž—†‡ ƒ •ƒŽŽ
…‘—”–›ƒ”† Ž‘…ƒ–‡† „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰
ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ‡…‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• —•‡† ƒ”‡
…‘…”‡–‡ǡ„”‹…•ƒ†™‘‘†Ǥ
Chargés de mission
Siem Reap Observatory
supervisor
Aline Hétreau-Pottierǡ
Ž‡…–—”‡”ǡŠǤǤ•–—†‡–ǡ
‹‹•–”›‘ˆ—Ž–—”‡„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”›
Adèle EspositoǡŠǤǤ•–—†‡–ǡ
”‡•‡ƒ”…Š„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”›
Cyril RosǡŽ‡…–—”‡”ǡȀƒ•–‡”
™‘”•Š‘’‰‘”Ȁ‹‡‡ƒ’
Lisa RosǡŽ‡…–—”‡”ǡȀƒ•–‡”
™‘”•Š‘’‰‘”Ȁ‹‡‡ƒ’
Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†•‡…–‹‘
Ͷ͹
Creation of an experimental agricultural centre
Pablo Valcarcel (2006/2007)
Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…– …‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‰ ƒ ƒ‰”‹Ǧ
…—Ž–—”ƒŽ …‡–”‡ ‘ Žƒ†• ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› ‘……—Ǧ
’‹‡†„›ƒǦƒ†‡’‘†•ǡ†—‰ƒˆ–‡”‡š…ƒǦ
˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆ‘”‡”’ƒ††›Ǧˆ‹‡Ž†•–‘’”‘˜‹†‡
•‘‹Ž ˆ‘” „ƒ…ˆ‹ŽŽ•Ǥ Š‡ …Š‘•‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‹•
–‘–Š‡™‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡‡ƒ’”‹˜‡”Ǥˆ‹”•–
†‡Ž‹‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡ Žƒ† ‹…Ž—†‡• ƒ ƒ”‡ƒ
‘ˆͷ͸Šƒ™‹–Šƒ’‘••‹„Ž‡‡š–‡•‹‘‘ˆʹ͹
ŠƒǤ
A stratified hydraulic network allows for maximisation of production.
Surface water is essential all-year-round.
Composting siteǣa mesh of articulated bamboo allows for
keeping decomposing organic matter. This enables good
ventilation, a necessity during the first stages of the process.
It is also a visual barrier. Bamboo’s physical properties, its
flexibility and lightness facilitate its installation and provides
very good tensile strength.
Š”‡‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ƒ”‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
‹–Š‹•…‡–”‡ǣ
Ǧ composting station •Šƒ’‡† „› ƒ
ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ–‡†„ƒ„‘‘‡•ŠǤ
Ǧ light and mobile ”‡•–ƒ”‡ƒǤ
ǦŠ‡ main building Ž‘…ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡Œ—…Ǧ
–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ ‡–”ƒ…‡ ™‹–Š ƒ ‡ƒ•–Ǧ
™‡•–”‘ƒ†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Žƒ†Ǥ
Timeandspace
Geographical background
Monuments and remains constituting the Angkor site (IXth – XVth centuries) are
spread all over the Siem Reap region located in the north-west of present day Cambodia. This territory is bordered to the north-east by the Phnom Kulen (498m)
mountain chain. The major rivers travelling through and irrigating the Angkor
plain (Roluos, Siem Reap and Puok rivers) are sourced from this massif. It therefore
constitutes the “water tower” for this territory, where the deep water tables of the
region also recharge.
Š‡ ‰‘” Žƒ‹ǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•–
†‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒ‰‘”‹ƒ”‡ƒ‹•…ƒ„‡
ˆ‘—†ǡ •–ƒ”–• ƒ– –Š‡ ˆ‘‘– ‘ˆ –Š‡ —Ž‡
”ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ˆ‹‹•Š‡• •‘—–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡
ƒ’ ‘” ”‡ƒ– ƒ‡ǡ ƒ„‘†‹ƒǯ• ƒ‹
ˆ”‡•Š ™ƒ–‡” ƒ† ˆ‹•Š‹‰ ”‡•‡”˜‡Ǥ Š‡
‘Ž› ”ƒ–Š‡” •ƒŽŽ Žƒ†ˆ‘”• Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
„‡–™‡‡ –Š‘•‡ –™‘ •–”‘‰ ƒ–—”ƒŽ
…‘’‘‡–•ǡ –Š‡ ‘—–ƒ‹ ƒ† –Š‡
Žƒ‡χǡƒ”‡Š‘”‘ȋͳ͵͹ȌǡŠ‘
ƒ‡‰ȋ͸ͲȌƒ†Š‘‘ȋʹ͵ͷȌǡ
ƒŒ‘”ƒ…–‘”•‹–Š‡•›„‘Ž‹…Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ
–Š‡–‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ
ƒ›‘—–’Žƒ‘ˆ–Š‡…‡–”‡Ǥ
Satelliteǣit is a resting area, a vital component
in a larger than 50ha park. It protects from
the sun and the rain. Its lightness means it is
mobile and can be moved and transported to
other locations easily.
–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘ǡ–Š‡Š‘—Ž‡’Žƒ–‡ƒ—ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
Self-help housingǣ each family will build the
walls using materials such as bamboo. The landlord has the liberty to decide the aspect of the
first floor rooms.
Š‹• building ‹• …‘•–”—…–‡† ™‹–Š ‘‡
…‘’‘‡–ǡ „—‹Ž– ‘˜‡” –Š”‡‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
•’ƒ•Ǥ Š‹• Žƒ›‘—– †‹‡•‹‘ ‹• •–ƒǦ
†ƒ”†‹œ‡† ƒ† ”‡’‡ƒ–‡† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ –‹‡• –‘
‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ƒ•–”—…–—”ƒŽ•‹ƒ†‡‘ˆ˜‡”–‹Ǧ
…ƒŽ…‘’‘‡–•Ǥ
Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ˜‘Ž—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ‹•
ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‹‹–‹˜‡ ˜‘Ž—‡•Ǥ
Š‹• ƒ††‹–‹‘ ‹• †‡–‡”‹‡† „› –Š‡ ’”‘Ǧ
‰”ƒ‡ǡ–Š‡…‹”…—Žƒ–‹‘ˆŽ—‹†‹–›ƒ†–Š‡
ƒ‹†‹”‡…–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡™‹†ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–‹•
ƒ†›ƒ‹…ˆ‘”ǡ„—‹Ž–ˆ”‘•–ƒ–‹……‘’‘Ǧ
‡–•ǤŠ‡•–”—…–—”ƒŽ•‹ǡ–Šƒ•–‘–Š‡
˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ”Š›–Š˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡•–Š‡
Š‡‘Ž‡ƒ’Šƒ•ƒ—‹“—‡’‡…—Ž‹ƒ”‹–›ǡ
ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ‰‘” ’Žƒ‹ ƒ •‹‰—Žƒ”
ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ǣ‹Š‘‡Šǡ‘”‡
–Šƒ͵ͲͲ–‘–Š‡•‘—–Š‘ˆ‰‘”‹•
–Š‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Dzˆ‘—” ƒ”•dz ™Š‡”‡
–Š‡‘Ž‡ƒ’”‹˜‡”ǡ–Š‡ƒ–—”ƒŽ‘—–Ž‡–‘ˆ
–Š‡
”‡ƒ–ƒ‡ǡƒ†–Š‡‡‘‰‡‡–Ǥ
Š‡‡‘‰ǡ†—‡–‘–Š‡•™‡ŽŽ‹‰‘ˆ‹–•
™ƒ–‡”•ǡ”—•‹–‘–Š‡Žƒ‡ǡ”‡˜‡”•‹‰‹–•
ˆŽ‘™ƒ†“—ƒ†”—’Ž‹‰‹–•ƒ”‡ƒǤ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ”–‹–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡”•’ƒ…‡Ǥ
‘ ƒ†ƒ’– –‘ ƒ„‘†‹ƒ …Ž‹ƒ–‹… …‘†‹Ǧ
–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ —•‡• ƒ–—”ƒŽ ˜‡–‹ŽƒǦ
–‹‘ƒ†’”‘–‡…–•–Š‡‹•‹†‡ˆ”‘‹•‡…–•
„›—–‹Ž‹•‹‰‘•“—‹–‘”‡’‡ŽŽ‡–‡––‹‰Ǥ
‹‡‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘””‡‰‹‘ǡ̹
‘‘‰Ž‡ƒ”–Šǡ
ȋ’Š‘–‘Ǧ‘–ƒ‰‡„›Ǥ—†Žƒ…‹ƒ†Ǥƒ”‹‡Žƒ•Š˜‹Ž‹ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ
ͳ The name Tonle Sap includes the hydrological system of the lake and its natural outlet
connecting it to the Mekong.
Ͷ͸
͹
Š‡Žƒ‡™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•—’–‘•‡˜‡‘”‡‹‰Š–
‡–‡”•ƒ†–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘†‡†ƒ”‡ƒ…‘˜‡”•—’
–‘ ʹͲ –‘ ͷͲ …”‡ƒ–‹‰ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽ
ƒ–—”ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡–• •—…Š ƒ• ‹—Ǧ
†ƒ–‡† ˆ‘”‡•–•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒŽ•‘ †‡’‘•‹–‹‰
”‹…Š ƒŽŽ—˜‹ƒ ™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• ‡š’Ž‘‹–‡† ˜‡”›
‡ƒ”Ž› ‘ „› Š—ƒ• ™Š‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†
”‹…‡…—Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‘˜‡”–Š‡…‡–—”‹‡•ƒ†
™Š‹…Š‹••–‹ŽŽ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–‘†ƒ›̵•Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ
Š—•ǡ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘” ’Žƒ‹ ‹•
†‡–‡”‹‡† „› ˆŽ‘‘†‹‰ ƒ† ‹–• ƒ‹
‡š‹•–‹‰—”„ƒ…‡–”‡ǡ‹‡‡ƒ’ǡ•‡––Ǧ
Ž‡† •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› –‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ‡ǯ•
™ƒ–‡”Ž‹‡Ǥ
Š‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‹• –‡””‹–‘”› ƒ†
–Š‡ ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡…‡ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ’”‡•‡– ‹
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡‰‡†•ǡ –”‹‰Ǧ
‰‡”‡† •’‡…‹ƒŽ ƒ––‡–‹‘ ˆ”‘ Š—ƒ•
‹…‘–”‘ŽŽ‹‰™ƒ–‡”ǡ…”‡ƒ–‹‰‹””‹‰ƒ–‹‘
•›•–‡• ƒ† ™ƒ–‡” •–‘”ƒ‰‡ ”‡•‡”˜‘‹”•
—†‡” –Š‡ ‘•‘‘ …Ž‹ƒ–‡ ™Š‡”‡
™ƒ–‡” ™ƒ• ‡‹–Š‡”ƒ„—†ƒ– ‘”ƒ„•‡–Ǥ
Š‡ ›†”ƒ—Ž‹… •›•–‡ •‡– —’ „› –Š‡
Š‡”• ƒŽŽ‘™‡† –Š‡ –‘ Šƒ”‡•• –Š‡
‘—–ˆŽ‘™ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ”ƒ‹›
•‡ƒ•‘–Šƒ•–‘ƒ”–‹ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ’‘†•ǡbeng
ƒ† trapeangόǡ ™Š‹…Š †”ƒ‹‡† Žƒ†•
ƒ† ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† —’ ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ‹› •‡ƒ•‘ǡ ˆ‘”Ǧ
‹‰ ™ƒ–‡” ”‡•‡”˜‘‹” –Šƒ– ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›
‡’–‹‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ †”› •‡ƒ•‘Ǥ Š‡
‰‘” ’Žƒ‹ —†‡”‰‘‹‰ –Š‹• —‡˜‡
…‘’‘‡–‹•ƒˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‡ƒ–—”ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘Ǧ
‡–ǡ ƒ† ƒ Š‹•–‘”‹… Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ †—‡
–‘ ƒ…‹‡– ƒ† ”‡’‡ƒ–‡† Š—ƒ ‹–‡”Ǧ
˜‡–‹‘•Ǥ Š‹• ‹ŽŽ‡‹— ‘ˆ ‘……—’ƒǦ
–‹‘ Ž‡ˆ– ‘—‡–ƒŽ –”ƒ…‡•ǣ –‡’Ž‡•ǡ
’ƒŽƒ…‡•ǡ…ƒ—•‡™ƒ›•ǡ‘ƒ–•ǡŠ—‰‡™ƒ–‡”
’‘†• ƒ† barayωǡ ™Š‹…Š ‡ƒ…Š ›‡ƒ”
ƒ––”ƒ…– ‰”‘™‹‰ —„‡”• ‘ˆ ˜‹•‹–‘”•Ǥ
—– –Š‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‡š‹•– •ƒŽŽ‡” ‹–‡•ǡ
†”ƒ‹ƒ‰‡ ’‘†•ǡ …ƒƒŽ• ™Š‹…Š ‹””‹‰ƒ–‡
ƒ†’ƒ••–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‰‘”Žƒ‹ƒ†
”‹…‡ˆ‹‡Ž†’Ž‘–•‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†„›
–Š‡Š‡”•ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡ƒŽŽ”‡‹†‡”•‘ˆ
–Š‡ –‡””‹–‘”› „‡‹‰ •Šƒ’‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡
’ƒ•–…‡–—”‹‡•ϊǡƒŠ—‰‡ǡ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›ƒ
ƒ†‡Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡™Š‡”‡ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
”‡ƒ‹• ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˜ƒŽ—‡• ƒ† ƒ‰”‹Ǧ
…—Ž–—”‡ƒ‹Ž›”‹…‡’ƒ††‹‡•ƒ”‡‹š‡†ǡ
ƒ†ƒ”‡ƒŽŽŠ‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ–‡•–‹‘‹‡•Ǥ
Urban development, hydraulic fabric and self-built construction
Miriam Fernandez Ruiz (2006/2007)
Š‹•’”‘Œ‡…–’—–•ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒ—”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡– „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹… ˆ”ƒ‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ† ƒ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ •›•–‡Ǥ
”‘ –Š‡ ’‘†• ‘” –Š‡ ”‹˜‡”ǡ ƒ —”„ƒ
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹•‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘–™‘
œ‘‡•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‘–Š‡’‡”‹’Š‡”›‘ˆ–Š‡
Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹… …‘’‘‡–ǣ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– œ‘‡ǡ ƒ
ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹ƒ„Ž‡–‘ˆŽ‘‘†‹‰ǡ‹•ˆ‹š‡†ƒ•ƒ‘Ǧ
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒǢ–Š‡•‡…‘†œ‘‡ƒŽŽ‘™•
…‘•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ  —”„ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
„ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ †—ƒŽ …‹”…—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ
ƒ† †‘‡•–‹… ‹• ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡
˜ƒ”‹‘—•ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡†™‡ŽŽ‹‰•‘ˆ
‰”‡ƒ–‡”‘”Ž‡••‡”†‡•‹–›Ǥ
Š‡ ‰‘” –‡””‹–‘”› ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ƒ “—ƒǦ
Ž‹–› ‡…‘•›•–‡ ƒ† ‹–• ˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‡ ƒ–—Ǧ
”ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡– ™Š‘•‡ …‡–—”‹‡• ‘ˆ
ƒ–Š”‘’‹œƒ–‹‘…”‡ƒ–‡†ƒ…Ž‘•‡—–—ƒŽ
†‡’‡†‡…‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ
ƒ†ƒ–—”ƒŽ…‘’‘‡–••Šƒ’‹‰‹–Ǥ
Š‡—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘‹•„ƒ•‡†‘ƒ‹š‡†•›•Ǧ
–‡‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ„—‹Ž–…‘•–”—…–‹‘ǤŠ‡Žƒ†‹•
†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘•–”‹’•‘ˆʹšͳ‡–”‡•–‘†‡ˆ‹‡
–Š‡ •–ƒ‰‰‡”‡† ˆƒ„”‹…ǡ ƒ† ƒ ’Žƒ–ˆ‘” ‹•
’Žƒ…‡† ˆ‘” ’‡”ƒ‡– …‘”‡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ™ƒ•ŠǦ”‘‘ǡ ‹–…Š‡ ƒ† •–ƒ‹”•Ǥ
Š‡Ž‹˜‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ‘•–‹Ž–•‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‘–Š‡
—’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ Š‡ †™‡ŽŽ‡”• …ƒ ƒ†ƒ’– –Š‡
•’ƒ…‡ƒ•–Š‡›™‹•ŠǤ
ͳ
Inès Gaulis
ͳǦ›’‹…ƒŽŽƒ›‘—–‘ˆƒ–‡’Ž‡ȋ”ƒ•ƒ–”ƒ˜ƒȌǣ
–Š‡‘—†ƒ†–Š‡‘ƒ–ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
‘†‡Ž•ǣ„—‹Ž†‹‰ƒ†—”„ƒŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•
ʹǦƒ††›Ǧϐ‹‡Ž†
’ƒ”–‹–‹‘•Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡‘–Š‡‰‘”’Žƒ‹ǡ
̹ǡͳͻͻͶǤ
ʹ
͵
‡‡”ƒŽ’ŽƒǣŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘—•‡•‘–Š‡”‹˜‡”
Žƒǣ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘—•‹‰ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–ƒ†
‘ˆ–Š‡‹””‡Žƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡—”„ƒ•’ƒ…‡Ǥ
ʹ trapeang are man-made rectangular shaped
Ͷ See Christophe Pottier, Carte archéologique
ponds, with thick embankments.
de la région d'Angkor - Zone sud, (archaeological map of the Angkor region- southern
area) Ph.D supervised by Bruno Dagens, Université de Paris III - Sorbonne nouvelle, 1999,
3 volumes.
͵ Baray are huge water reservoir surrounded
by dykes and ditches..
ͺ
͵Ǧ—†ƒ–‡†Žƒ†‘–Š‡ˆ”‹‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‡
ƒ’Žƒ‡ǡ˜‹‡™ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‘”‘ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡šƒ’Ž‡•–Š‡Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒ†
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘—•‡ˆ”‘–Š‡…‡–”‡Ǥ
‡ŽˆǦƒ†‡Š‘—•‹‰ǣ‡ƒ…Šˆƒ‹Ž›™‹ŽŽ„—‹Ž†–Š‡
™ƒŽŽ• —•‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• •—…Š ƒ• „ƒ„‘‘Ǥ Š‡
Žƒ†Ž‘”†Šƒ•–Š‡Ž‹„‡”–›–‘†‡…‹†‡–Š‡ƒ•’‡…–‘ˆ
–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ˆŽ‘‘””‘‘•Ǥ
Ͷͷ
Urban development in Psar leu
Adèle Esposito, Kanitha Tan (2004/2005)
”‘•’‡…–‹˜‡—”„ƒ‡š’ƒ•‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ…‘•‹†‡”‡†„›–Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–Ǥ
‹–Š–Š‡’”‡•‡–•‘—–Š™ƒ”†‡š–‡•‹‘
‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ˆ”‘•ƒ”‡—ǡ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ
…‘•‹•–•‘ˆƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒǦ
…Š‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ•‹‘”†‡”–‘‘”‹‡–—”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡–Ǥ ‘ ‡ƒ•‡ ƒ……‡•• –‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡–ǡ
”‘ƒ†•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‘’‡‡†—’–‘–Š‡•‘—–Š
ƒ† ƒ ‡ƒ•–Ȁ™‡•– „›’ƒ•• ”‘ƒ† Šƒ• „‡‡
„—‹Ž–Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‘ƒ†• „‡…‘‡ –Š‡ —”„ƒ
•–”—…–—”ƒŽ …‘’‘‡–• …‘‡…– ƒ† •–‹Ǧ
—Žƒ–‡ ‰”‘™–Š ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ††‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
•‡…‘†ƒ”›”‘ƒ†‡–™‘”ǤŠ‡–Š‡ˆ‘…—•
‹•‘–Š‡—”„ƒ‹•‡†•’ƒ…‡ǯ••—””‘—†‹‰
ƒ”‡ƒ ™Š‡”‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ
‡š’ƒ•‹‘ ‹• ’”‘’‘•‡† –‘ ”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡ Ž‘™Ǧ
‹…‘‡ Š‘—•‡Š‘Ž†• ƒ† ‡™ ”‡•‹†‡–•Ǥ
Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ ‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†
ƒ”‘—† ‘’‡ •’ƒ…‡• ƒ† †—’•ǡ ƒ† ‹–
‹• ‘˜‡”‰”‘™Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‹• •Š‘™Ǧ
…ƒ•‡† „› …”‡ƒ–‹‰ ƒ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ™‹–Š
•–ƒŽŽ•ǡ •’‘”–‹‰ ‰”‘—†• ƒ† ƒ •…Š‘‘ŽǤ
Š‡Ž‘…ƒŽ•Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ˆ”‡‡†‘–‘„—‹Ž†–Š‡‹”
‘™Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ǤŠ‡›†‘Šƒ˜‡–‘ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•‘‡
‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ǣ –Š‡ —”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ –ƒ‡
’Žƒ…‡ƒ”‘—†’‘†•ǡ™Š‹…Š†”ƒ‹–Š‡”ƒ‹
™ƒ–‡”ƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡•–”—…–—”‡–‘–Š‡•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ
ƒ”‡ƒ•™Š‹…Šƒ”‡„‘”†‡”‡†™‹–Š‰”‡‡‡”›Ǥ
Š‡ ’Ž‘–• ƒ”‡ ˆ‹š‡† ƒ† „—‹Ž– ƒ……‘”†‹‰
–‘ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ —”„ƒ
‰”‘™–Š™‹ŽŽƒŽ•‘‡š’ƒ†ƒŽ‘‰•Š‘’’‹‰
•–”‡‡–• ˆŽƒ‡† ™‹–Š •Š‘’ Š‘—•‡•ǡ –Š‡
–‡’Žƒ–‡•‘ˆ™Š‹…Šƒ”‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‡†Ǥ
Timeandspace
The Angkor territory : a site for the Khmer capitals
The history of Angkor as reconstituted by a century of epigraphic and monumental
research, starts sometime in the late VIIIth century with the peregrinations of a
young prince who unites a divided country. Consecrated “Universal Sovereign” on
top of the Phnom Kulen in 802 A.D., he reigned with the name of Jayavarman II and
spent his last years in the city of Hariharâlaya, located in the Roluos region, around
ten kilometres to the east of present-day Siem Reap.
Jayavarman II appears not only to be the “supreme King” reigning in the Angkor
region but also—or rather perhaps—the creator of the angkorian Kingdom, of its
titulature and of some of its cults which lasted under the following dynasties. The
angkorian period starts ofϔicially with Jayavarman II. Apart from a brief 20 years
of inϔidelity in the Xth century, all his successors will remain in the region until its
abandonment sometime in the XVth century. They all took part in establishing the
huge complex that ϔinally became Angkor.
Ž–Š‘—‰Š•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‹†‹…ƒ–‹‘••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–
ƒ› •‡––Ž‡‡–• Šƒ† ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‡š‹•–‡†
•‹…‡ ’”‡Š‹•–‘”› ‹ –Š‡ ‰‘” ”‡‰‹‘ǡ
ƒ† ‘ –Š‡ •Š‘”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ ƒ’ ƒ†
–Šƒ– ƒŒ‘” •‡––Ž‡‡–ǡ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ –Š‡
™‡•–ǡ ™ƒ• ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› –Š
…‡–—”›ǡ–Š‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–‘ˆƒ›ƒ˜ƒ”ƒ
‹‘Ž—‘•ǡ†—”‹‰–Š‡Žƒ–‡–Š…‡–—”›ǡ
‹—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‘……—’ƒ…›‘ˆƒ„Ž‘…Ǥ
‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹””‡‰—Žƒ”ƒ†‹š‡†—”„ƒˆƒ„”‹…ƒ”‘—†Psar Leu.
‹–‡’Žƒǣ’‘†Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘•
Ͳ
‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ–Š‡Š‡”…‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘†‹†
‘–ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ–‘…‡ǣ‹–•Š‹•–‘”›‹•”‘‘–‡†
‹ –Š‡ Šƒ”†Ž› ‘™ ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ’”‡Š‹Ǧ
•–‘”›ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ˆ‘”
–Š‡ ’ƒ•– –‡ ›‡ƒ”• —†‡”Ž‹‡• –Š‡ ’”‡Ǧ
•‡…‡‘ˆ…‘–‹—‹–‹‡•ƒ†‘ˆƒ•Ž‘™ƒ–—Ǧ
”ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ”–‹‰ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‡’‹‰”ƒ’Š‹…
’‡”‹‘†ȋ–Š‡”‘œ‡ƒ‰‡ͳͷͲͲǦͷͲͲǤǤǡ
–Š‡ ‹”‘ ƒ‰‡ ͷͲͲ ǤǤ Ǧ ͵ͲͲ ǤǤȌ ‹ –Š‡
‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– •‘’Š‹•–‹…ƒ–‡† ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ
•›•–‡•ǡ–Š‡‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•––ƒ–‡•ǤŠ‹‡•‡
”‡’‘”–•Šƒ˜‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›‡’–”‡…‘”†‘ˆƒ
ˆ‹”•–Dz‹†—‹•‡†dz‹‰†‘…ƒŽŽ‡†—ƒǡ
‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •‘—–Šǡ …Ž‘•‡ –‘ –Š‡
‡‘‰ †‡Ž–ƒ ‹ –Š‡ –Š ƒ† –Š …‡Ǧ
–—”‹‡•Ǥ ”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› ƒ‘–Š‡” –ƒ–‡ǡ …ƒŽŽ‡†
Š‡Žƒ „› –Š‡ •ƒ‡ •‘—”…‡•ǡ –‘‘ ‘˜‡”
™‹–Š ƒ …ƒ’‹–ƒŽ ™Š‹…Š •—’’‘•‡†Ž› ™ƒ•
Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ƒ– ƒ„‘” ”‡‹ —ǡ ‘”–Š ‘ˆ
ƒ’‘‰ Š‘ǡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‡” •Š‘”‡
‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‡ƒ’Žƒ‡ǡŠƒŽˆǦ™ƒ›„‡–™‡‡
‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ†–Š‡’”‡•‡–…ƒ’‹–ƒŽŠ‘
‡ŠǤ Š‡ Dz…”—„Ž‹‰dz ‘ˆ Š‡Žƒ ‹ –Š‡
–Š…‡–—”›…”‡ƒ–‡†ƒŒ—„Ž‡†’‡”‹‘†ǡ
‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ•ˆƒ”ƒ•‡’‹‰”ƒ’Š›ƒ†Š‹•–‘”›
ƒ”‡ …‘…‡”‡†Ǥ ‡‡”ƒŽŽ› ”‡‰ƒ”†‡† ƒ• ƒ
’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•ƒ†•—……‡••‹˜‡†‹••‡Ǧ
•‹‘•ƒ†ˆ‹‰Š–‹‰„‡–™‡‡‘”‡‘”Ž‡••
‹†‡’‡†‡–•ƒŽŽ‹‰†‘•ǡƒ›ƒ˜ƒ”ƒ
ŠƒŽ–‡†–Š‹•‹•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ‹ˆ‘–…‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›
ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– •—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ž› –‘ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒ ‡™
…‘Š‡•‹‘ ˜‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡š’ƒ•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
DzŠ‡”’‹”‡dzǤ‡ƒ…Š‹‰‹–•ƒ’‘‰‡‡ˆ‹˜‡
…‡–—”‹‡•Žƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‹•‡’‹”‡”‡‹‰‡†‘˜‡”
’”‡•‡– ƒ„‘†‹ƒǡ •‘—–Š‡” ‹‡–ƒ
ƒ†ƒ‘•ƒ†”‡ƒ…Š‡†…‡–”ƒŽƒ†‘”–ŠǦ
‡ƒ•–‡”Šƒ‹Žƒ†Ǥ
ͷͲ
”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ’‘ˆ–Š‡‰‘””‡‰‹‘ǡ̹
”‡ƒ–‡”‰‘””‘Œ‡…–ǣ‘––‹‡”ȀȋͳͻͻͻȌ
ƒ†˜ƒ•Ȁ
ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǦ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ȋ–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š›ƒ†Š›†”‘‰”ƒ’Š›ȌʹͲͲͷǤ
ͶͶ
ͻ
‰‘”ƒ––‡’Ž‡ǡ̹Ǥ
‹”ƒ—†‡–ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
—•—ƒŽŽ›ƒ”•–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ‰‘”ƒ•
–Š‡…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‰‘”‹ƒ’‹”‡Ǥ‘”
–Š‡‡š–͹ͲͲ›‡ƒ”•ǡƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ•—……‡••‹˜‡
…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ•ǡŠ—†”‡†•‘ˆ‘ˆ–‡‹‰”ƒ–‹‰ƒ†
•—’‡”‹’‘•‡† ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ •‡––Ž‡‡–• ™‡”‡
ˆ‘”‡†…”‡ƒ–‹‰Š—‰‡–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‡•—‹‰ ”ƒ’‹†
†‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘…‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†–Š‡
‡–‹”‡ ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ –‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ Š‡ Š‘
ƒ‡‰ƒ”‡ƒ™ƒ•ƒˆƒ˜‘—”‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‘˜‡Ǧ
”‡‹‰•Ǥ – ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– …‡–”ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‡™
Š‹ŽŽ• ‘ –Š‡ ƒŽŽ—˜‹ƒŽ ’Žƒ‹ ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› †‡•Ǧ
…‡†‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘”–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– •ƒ†•–‘‡
’Žƒ–‡ƒ—š‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘—Ž‡–‘–Š‡‘Ž‡
ƒ’Žƒ‡ǤŠ‡ƒ­‘˜ƒ”ƒƒ„ƒ†‘‡†
ƒ”‹Šƒ”ŸŽƒ›ƒ ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ –Š …‡–—”›ǡ Š‡
†‡…‹†‡†–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š–Š‡…‡–”ƒŽ–‡’Ž‡‘ˆ
Š‹•‡™…‹–›‘ˆƒ­‘†Šƒ”ƒ’—”ƒ‘–Š‹•Š‹ŽŽ
Ž‘…ƒ–‡† •‡˜‡ ‹Ž‘‡–”‡• ‘”–Š ‘ˆ ‹‡
‡ƒ’Ǥ†‹–‹•–Š‹•ƒ”‡ƒ™Š‹…ŠŠ‡…‡ˆ‘”–Š
…‘•–‹–—–‡•–Š‡…‘”‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•‹–‡‘ˆ
‰‘”ǡ™Š‡”‡Š‹••—……‡••‘”•„—‹Ž––Š‡‹”
…‹–‹‡• ƒ† ƒ‹ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•ǡ
ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ –Š‡ †‘‹ƒ–‹‰ ’›”ƒ‹†
–‡’Ž‡•ǡ •›„‘Ž‹… ‹Ž‡•–‘‡• •‹‰ƒŽŽ‹‰
–Š‡…‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ•–‘…‘‡Ǥ
‘‡•‘˜‡”‡‹‰•…‘‡‘—–‘ˆ–Š‹•’ƒŽ‹’Ǧ
•‡•–ǡ –Šƒ• –‘ ‹•…”‹’–‹‘• …‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹‰
–Š‡‹”ˆ‡ƒ–•ƒ†–‘–Š‡•’‡…–ƒ…—Žƒ”‘—Ǧ
‡–•ƒ––”‹„—–‡†–‘–Š‡Ǥ—”›ƒ˜ƒ”ƒ
ȋͳͳͳ͵Ǧ…ǤͳͳͷͲȌ‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ‡™ƒ•–Š‡
…”‡ƒ–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‰‘”ƒ–‹•Š—–‡’Ž‡
”‹‰Š–Ž›”‡‰ƒ”†‡†ƒ•–Š‡ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽƒ…‡
‘ˆ–Š‡Š‡”…‹˜‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥƒ›ƒ˜ƒ”ƒ
ȋͳͳͺͳǦ…ǤͳʹͳͺȌƒ—††Š‹•–‹‰ǡˆ‘—†‡”
‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ•–…ƒ’‹–ƒŽǡ‰‘”Š‘ǡ…‡–”‡†
‘–Š‡ƒ›‘–‡’Ž‡ƒ†‹–•ˆƒ‘—•ˆƒ…‡
–‘™‡”•ǡ ‡–”‡…Š‡† ‹ ƒ ‹’”‡••‹˜‡
•“—ƒ”‡•—””‘—†‹‰™ƒŽŽ‘ˆ͵‹Ž‘‡–”‡•
’‡”•‹†‡Ǥ—––Š‡”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ
ͳͲ
–‘ –Š‡ Š‘ ‡Š ”‡‰‹‘ǡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡
‹†–Š…‡–—”›ƒ”‡†–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰
‘ˆ–Š‡‡†ˆ‘”‰‘”ǡ™Š‹…Š•‡‡‡†–‘„‡
“—‹…Ž›ƒ„ƒ†‘‡†ǤŽ›ƒˆ‡™’Žƒ…‡•™‡”‡
’”‡•‡”˜‡† •—…Š ƒ• ‰‘” ƒ–ǡ ™Š‹…Š
”‡ƒ‹‡† ƒ ƒŒ‘” —††Š‹•– ’‹Ž‰”‹ƒ‰‡
•‹–‡ƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‡•–‡”‡š’Ž‘”‡”•
Dz†‹•…‘˜‡”‡†dz ˆ‘—” …‡–—”‹‡• Žƒ–‡” ‹ –Š‡
‹††Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡•–ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ– –Šƒ– –‹‡
Žƒ”‰‡Ž›…‘˜‡”‡†–Š‡”‡‰‹‘Ǥ
Š‡‰‘”•‹–‡–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡˜‹•‹–‡†‘™ƒǦ
†ƒ›•‘ˆˆ‡”•ƒ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ ‘—‡–ƒŽ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ™‘”• ‘ˆ
ƒ”–ǡ …‘‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ……——Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
…‡–—”‹‡•‘ˆ”‘›ƒŽˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•Ǥƒ†Ž›‘Ž›
–Š‡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• •‡Ž‡–‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ
…‹˜‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘ ”‡ƒ‹• ‹ –Š‡ ˜‡•–‹‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒ
˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ …ƒ•‡ Žƒ”‰‡Ž› †‡•–”‘›‡† „› †‡ˆ‘Ǧ
”‡•–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘†‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•Ǥ
—– „‡›‘† –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ– –‡’Ž‡• ƒ† –Š‡
’”‘–‡…–‡† …‡–”ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒǡ ‰‘” •’”‡ƒ†•
ƒŽŽ‘˜‡”–Š‡”‡‰‹‘ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰‹‡‡ƒ’
™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• „—‹Ž– ƒ– –Š‡ Œ—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š”‡‡
ƒ‹ƒ…‹‡–…ƒƒŽ•—‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡’”‡Ǧ
•‡– ”‹˜‡”—ƒ† ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ‡˜‹”‘‡–
•…ƒ––‡”‡† ™‹–Š ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ ”‡ƒ‹•Ǥ —”
”‡…‡– ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š —•‹‰
„‘–Š ”‡‘–‡ •‡•‹‰ ƒ† ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
‡š…ƒ˜ƒ–‹‘•Š‘™•–Š‡•…ƒŽ‡‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡
”‡‰‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ
‘-‘—‡–ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…–ǣ –Š‡ ‘†‡•–
”—‹• ‘ˆ Š—†”‡†• ‘ˆ •ƒŽŽ •ƒ…–—ƒ”‹‡•ǡ
–Š‘—•ƒ†•‘ˆ’‘†•ƒ†‡ƒ”–Š’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•
ƒ”‡ ƒ –‡•–‹‘› –‘ –Š‡ ›”‹ƒ† ‘ˆ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡
•‡––Ž‡‡–•–Šƒ–™‡”‡’ƒ”––‘ƒ†‡•‡ƒ†
…‘’Ž‡š‡–™‘”‘ˆ”‘ƒ†•ǡ…ƒƒŽ•ǡ†ƒ•
ƒ† ”‡•‡”˜‘‹”• ȋbarayȌǤ Š‡› ˆ‘”‡†
ƒ ˜ƒ•– –‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ •–”—…–—”‡ǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡
ƒ…‹‡–‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆŽƒ†—•‡…ƒ•–‹ŽŽ„‡
•‡‡–Šƒ•–‘–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆˆ‘••‹Ž‹•‡†
’ƒ††›Ǧˆ‹‡Ž† ’ƒ”–‹–‹‘•Ǥ Šƒ’‡† „› ”‡Ž‹Ǧ
‰‹‘—• ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•ǡ Š—ƒ •‡––Ž‡‡–•ǡ
”‘ƒ† ƒ† Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹… ‡–™‘”•ǡ ‰‘”
ˆ‘”‡† ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ‡–”‘’‘Ž‹• …‘˜‡”‹‰ –Š‡
™Š‘Ž‡ ”‡‰‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰
—”„ƒǦ”—”ƒŽ …‘–‹——Ǥ ‘ …‘…Ž—†‡
–Š‹• „”‹‡ˆ ‹–”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ ”‡‡„‡” –Šƒ–
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǯ• …—””‡– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ’”‡Ǧ
•‡–• ƒ •‡”‹‘—• ƒ† —ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ„Ž‡ –Š”‡ƒ–
ˆ‘”–Š‡…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰‘”Ǥ†–Šƒ–
•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ‘—‡–ƒŽ –‡’Ž‡•
•Š‘—Ž†‘–ƒ•–Š‡™‡ƒŽ–Š‘ˆ–Š‡–‡””‹Ǧ
–‘”›ǯ•ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†‹–•‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ˆ‘”
ƒ’”‘’‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ
’Š‡‘‡‘Ǥ
Old Market intervention
Marine Camps, Justine Thibault (2004/2005)
Š‡ ˆ‘…—• ™ƒ• ‘ –Š‡ ”‹˜‡” ƒ…–‹‰ ƒ• ƒ
„‘”†‡”ƒ†‘–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‘’‡
•’ƒ…‡•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡„ƒ•ǤŠ‡‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘
–ƒ‡•’Žƒ…‡‹–Š‡Ž†ƒ”‡–Ǣ–Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹Ǧ
…ƒŽƒ†–‘—”‹•–‹…Š‡ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™Ǥ–Š‡
‡ƒ•–‡”„ƒǡ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‹•–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š
ƒŽ‹„‡–™‡‡ƒ–ƒƒȋ‘ƒ•–‡”›Ȍ
ƒ†–Š‡”‹˜‡”„›ƒ„”‹†‰‡…”‘••‹‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”
ˆ‘”˜‡Š‹…Ž‡•ǡ’‡†‡•–”‹ƒƒ†…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ
—•‡ǤŠ‹•™‘—Ž†‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ƒ‘’‡•’ƒ…‡
™‹–Š •—ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ– ƒ† –Š‡
ƒ”‡–ǡƒ••ƒ”Šƒ•™‘—Ž†„‡”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†Ǥ
•’ƒ–‹ƒŽŽƒ›‘—–‘†—Ž‡ȋ•–ƒŽŽȌƒ†•‘‡
’ƒ–Š•ƒ”‡ˆ‹š‡†Ǣ•—””‘—†‡†„›˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘
™Š‡”‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•ƒ”‡†‹•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†Ǥ–”ƒ–‡‰‹…
ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ǡŽ‡ƒ˜‹‰ˆ”‡‡†‘ˆ‘”
Žƒ–‡”†‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ’—„Ž‹…’ƒ”ǡ…—Ž–—”ƒŽ
…‡–”‡ƒ†ƒ—†‹–‘”‹—ƒ”‡…”‡ƒ–‡†‘–Š‡
‘–Š‡”•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹˜‡”†—‡–‘–Š‡”‡Ž‘…ƒǦ
–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–Ǥ
‹‡™ˆ”‘–Š‡…‘˜‡”‡†ƒ”‡–
Christophe Pottier
Senior lecturer at
the École française d’Extrême-Orient
Š‡Ž‹ƒ‰‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡‹ˆ”‘–‘ˆ–Š‡Watƒ†–Š‡„”‹†‰‡Ǥ
‹—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–
™‹–Šƒƒ–—”ƒŽ˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘•›•–‡Ǥ
‹ƒ‰”ƒƒ–‹…•‡…–‹‘•Š‘™‹‰
–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‡††‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡‹‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘
‘—–Š‡”†›‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ•–‡”…ƒƒŽ
̹Ǥ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
Ͷ͵
Curicculum
Architecture workshop Siem Reap / Angkor
Timeandspace
History and urban change
Cyril Ros, Architect and lecturer ENSAPB
Following the teaching programme carried out in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap
from 1991 to 1994, a DPEA MAP workshop was organised in Siem Reap/Angkor
for 2004-2005. This was the result of a cooperation between the Authority for the
Protection of the Site and The Development of the Angkor Region (APSARA), and the
École Française d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO), with the moral support of UNESCO and
the Amis d’Angkor Association. It has been extended since 2006/2007 as a master
studio of the Paris Belleville ENSA.
Siem Reap / Angkor
Heritage/tourism, contemporaneousness/development
‹‡””‡Ž±‡–ǡ›”‹Ž‘•ǡ°•
ƒ—Ž‹•ǡƒ–ŠƒŽ‹‡ƒ…”‡–ǡ
Ž‹‡±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡ‹•ƒ‘•ǡ†°Ž‡•’‘•‹–‘Ǥ
The workshop is divided into two complementary sessions,
the Town plan workshop and the Project workshop.
The Town Plan workshop is to approach the town based on a cartographic analysis. It aims at
deciphering information and at acquiring knowledge of the town by understanding maps and
plans on a scale ranging in size from the territory to the neighbourhood.
The Project workshop favours the students individual processes and approaches. It has three
stages: firstly the work carried out in Paris (the frame), then the encounter with the place on
site (study stay in Siem Reap), then its finalization with the presentation of an architectural
project (the project).
ͳ
ʹ
The frame Š‡ •–—†‡– —•– ˆ‹”•–Ž›
—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ††‹ƒ‰‘•‡–Š‡•–ƒ‡•ƒ†
–Š‡ ’ƒ–Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǣ –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ‘ˆ
ƒ –‘™ …‘ˆ”‘–‡† „› –‘—”‹• ƒ† ˆƒ•–
’ƒ…‡††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
Š‡ƒ‹‹•–‘—•‡–Š‡DzŽƒ…‘ˆ‘™Ž‡†‰‡dz‘ˆ
–Š‡’Žƒ…‡ƒ•ƒ„ƒ•‡ˆ‘””‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡‹•
–Š‡ƒ•–ƒ”–‹‰’‘‹–ǣƒ”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‘the
ancient angkorian canals and the ponds
scattered throughout the townǡ ‘ˆ–‡
–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†„›‡š‹•–‹‰†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
Š‡ –Š‡ frame ‹• •—’‡”‹’‘•‡†ǡ ƒ• –Š‡
‰ƒ–‡™ƒ›ˆ‘”–Š‡•–—†‡–‹–‘ƒ‹ƒ‰‹‡†
”‡ƒŽ‹–›ǡ”ƒ‹•‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰Šƒ„‹Ǧ
–ƒ–‘†‡•ǡ—”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ…”‘••‹‰
‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ƒ†–Š‡•‡“—‡…‡•‘ˆˆ‡”‡†„›
–Š‡–‘™ǤŠ‹•frame—•–„‡…‘…‡‹˜‡†
•‘–Šƒ–‹–•—’’‘”–•–Š‡–‘™ƒ†—•–„‡
’Žƒ‡†ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ–‘’”‘†—…‡–Š‡–‘™
™‹–Š‹ƒincentive’”‘•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ
On site ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
’”‘Œ‡…–‹•™Š‡”‡‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘ƒ†‡š’‡”‹Ǧ
‡–ƒ–‹‘ –ƒ‡ ’Žƒ…‡ǡ ™Š‹Ž•– …‘–‹—‹‰
’”‡˜‹‘—• ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•Ǥ Š‡ •–—†‡–• ™‹ŽŽ
–Š‡Šƒ˜‡–‘…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ƒ••—’–‹‘•ƒ†
–Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š‹ ƒ …”‹–‹…ƒŽ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ
Š‡›…Š‘‘•‡ƒ•‹–‡ǡƒ•—„Œ‡…–‹…Ž—†‡†‹
Š‹•ȀŠ‡”frame–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Šƒ’”‘‰”ƒ‡
„ƒ•‡† ‘ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ™‘”ǡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ƒ†
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•‘•‹–‡Ǥ
Š‹• ‹• –Š‡ Žƒ•– •–ƒ‰‡
™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ™‘” ‹• ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•‡† ‘ •‹–‡Ǥ
”‹–‹“—‡† ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ —”„ƒ
‹•‡”–‹‘ǡ Š‘™ –‘ ƒ†ƒ’– –‘ –Š‡ …Ž‹ƒ–‡ǡ
–‘Ž‹‰Š–ǡ–‘–Š‡—•‡‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡ–‘•’ƒ…‡
ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ–Š‡•–”—…–—”‡ƒ†‹–•”‡’”‡Ǧ
•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘†‡•Ǥ
The project
ͳǦƒƒŽ’ŽƒǤ—‘œǡǤǤ‘•–ƒǡǤ‡”ƒ†‡œǡǤ
‘œƒŽ‡œƒŽ…ƒ”…‡ŽǡʹͲͲ͸ǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ʹǦŠ‡…ƒƒŽǡ˜‹‡™‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”–Šǡ̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
Ͷʹ
Student work exhibition ˜‡”››‡ƒ”
•–—†‡–™‘”•ƒ”‡‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†‹‹‡‡ƒ’
ƒ„‘†‹ƒȄ—’–‘‘™‘–Š‡’”‡‹•‡•‘ˆ
–Š‡ ”‡…Š —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‡–”‡Ǥ Š‹• ‡šŠ‹„‹Ǧ
–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ’”‡•‡– ‹••—‡•
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† „› •–—†‡–•ǡ ƒ† ˆ‘” –Š‡ –‘
’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”††‹ƒ‰‘•‡•ƒ†•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥ
With a population of 80,000, Siem Reap is the seat of the eponymous province, located ϔive kilometres from Angkor Wat at the junction of two perpendicular routes,
the Siem Reap stung (river) and National road N°6 (NR6). In Cambodia the city
is considered unique, as beyond its administrative, business and residential functions, its proximity to the Angkor site has converted it into an international tourism
hub. This status has been reinforced since 1992 and the inscription of Angkor on the
World Heritage List. Within less than 15 years, the country’s economic development,
the demographic boom and the tourism increase (two million visitors expected in
2008) drew Siem Reap into a cycle of farreaching and rapid changes with major
implications for its urban landscape.
Š‡‰”‡ƒ–Žƒ‡ˆ”‘
–Š‡†‘…Š‹ƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ƒ’ǡͳͻͲ͹Ǥ
”‹‰‹ƒŽ•…ƒŽ‡ǣͳǣʹͲͲǡͲͲͲ‡Ǥ
””‹˜ƒŽƒ–Š‘”‘̹Les Aventuriers du mondeǡͳͺ͸͸ǦͳͻͳͶǡ
†Ǥǯ…‘‘…Žƒ•–‡ǡƒ”‹•ʹͲͲ͵ǡ’ǤͶͳǤ
Š‹• •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‹ …‘–”ƒ•– ™‹–Š –Š‡
–‘™ǯ• —”„ƒ Š‹•–‘”› ™Š‹…Š Šƒ• ‡˜‘ŽǦ
˜‡†ƒ–ƒ•Ž‘™‡”’ƒ…‡‘˜‡”ͳͷ†‡…ƒ†‡•Ǥ–
™ƒ• ’—…–—ƒ–‡† „› …‘•–”—…–‹‘ …›…Ž‡•
‹„”‹…ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ
–Š‡ …‘—–”›Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ–‡ –Š …‡–—”› †‡•Ǧ
…”‹’–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ™‡•–‡” ‡š’Ž‘”‡”•
ƒ† ‹ƒ‡•‡ ƒ’• …Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ’”‡•‡– –Š‡
–‘™ǯ• ‘—–Ž‹‡• ƒ† ‡š‹•–‹‰ •–”—…–—”‡•Ǥ
Š‹•Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†–Š‡”‹˜‡”™‹–Š
‹–• ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ …ƒ•‡ ™‹–Š ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•
ƒ† –Š‡‹” ‘ƒ•–‡”‹‡•ǡ ’Žƒ…‡• –‘ „‘–Š
™‘”•Š‹’ ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡
–Š…‡–—”›‹‡‡ƒ’™ƒ•…‘•‹†‡”‡†
ƒ•–Š‡‰ƒ–‡™ƒ›–‘‰‘”ƒ–ǡƒ‹’‘”Ǧ
–ƒ–†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”—††Š‹•–’‹Ž‰”‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ
ŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ˆ‘”‡† ƒ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽǡ ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽ ƒ† „—‹Ž–Ǧ—’
ƒ”‡ƒ•–”‡–…Š‹‰‘˜‡”–‡‹Ž‘‡–”‡•ˆ”‘
‘”–Š –‘ •‘—–ŠǤ Ž‘‰ –Š‡ ”‹˜‡”ǡ ™‘‘†‡
ƒ† –Šƒ–…Š‡† Š‘—•‡• ™‡”‡ „—‹Ž– ‹ •—…Ǧ
…‡••‹‘ —†‡” …ƒ‘’‹‡• ‘ˆ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ
ƒŽ‘‰ ™‹–Š ‹””‹‰ƒ–‡† ’Žƒ–‹‰•ǡ ˆŽƒ‡†
‘‡ƒ…Š•‹†‡„›”‹…‡’ƒ††‹‡•ǤŠ‹•Ž‹‡ƒ”
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘‹•‘˜‡”™Š‡Ž‹‰‹–Š‡†‡•Ǧ
…”‹’–‹‘•”‡’‘”–‡†„›–Š‡ˆ‹”•–—”‘’‡ƒ
‡š’Ž‘”‡”•™Š‡–Š‡›†‡•…”‹„‡†–Š‡”‘—–‡
–Š‡› ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† –‘ ”‡ƒ…Š –Š‹• Dz„—”‰Šdz „›
„‘ƒ– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ ƒ’ ƒ‡ǡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
ƒ”‘—†ͳͷ‹Ž‘‡–”‡•–‘–Š‡•‘—–Šǡ–Š‡
„›…ƒ‘‡•”‘™‡†—’ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǤŠ‡
‹ƒ‡•‡ ‰‘˜‡”‘”ǯ• …‹–ƒ†‡Ž ™ƒ• Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
–‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ǡ •—””‘—†‡†
„› ”ƒ’ƒ”–• ƒ† „ƒ•–‹‘•Ǥ ‘ –Š‡ •‘—–Š
™ƒ• –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ˆ‹•”– ƒ”‡–ǡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ƒ–
ƒ Œ—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ…‹‡– …ƒƒŽ• ƒ† –”ƒ…•ǡ
™Š‡”‡–Š‡ƒ–‘‘ƒ•–‡”›‹•’”‡•‡–Ž›
Ž‘…ƒ–‡†Ǥ
Š‡ …‘—–”› Šƒ† „‡‡ ƒ ”‡…Š ’”‘–‡…Ǧ
–‘”ƒ–‡ •‹…‡ ͳͺ͸͹ǡ „—– ‹– –‘‘ –‡ ›‡ƒ”•
—ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ”‡–”‘…‡••‹‘ „› –Š‡ ‹ƒ‡•‡
–‘ –Š‡ ”‡…Š ‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ’”‘˜‹…‡ ‹
ͳͻͲ͹—ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡…Š ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘
–‘ •–ƒ”– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ† –Š‡
–‡’Ž‡ •‹–‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ƒ”‡– ™ƒ•
”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡– •ƒ” Šƒ• ȋ‘Ž†
ƒ”‡–ȌǤ ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• •‹–‡ ’Žƒǡ
ͳͳ
„‡–™‡‡Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ‡™
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–’”‘Œ‡…–•‹–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡ –‡’Ž‡• ™‡”‡ ’Žƒ‡† „—– ™‹–Š –Š‡
Š‡”‘—‰‡‘……—’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‡’Ž‡•
‹ͳͻ͹Ͳǡ–Š‡›™‡”‡‘–‹’Ž‡‡–‡†Ǥ
ͳͻ͹ͷ –Š‡ –‘™ ™ƒ• ‡’–‹‡†Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰
–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡Š‡”‘—‰‡‹ͳͻ͹ͻǡ–Š‡
–‘™”‡ƒ‹‡†„—”‹‡†‹†‡ˆ‡•‹˜‡‹•‘ŽƒǦ
–‹‘—–‹ŽͳͻͻʹǤŠ‹•™ƒ•™Š‡–Š‡’‡”‹Ǧ
’Š‡”ƒŽ†‡ˆ‡…‡†›‡ǡ–Š‡•ƒ”‡—ƒ”‡–
ƒ†–Š‡Š—Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒ™‡”‡„—‹Ž–Ǥ
‹‡‡ƒ’…‹–ƒ†‡ŽǡͳͻͲʹǤ
‘—”…‡ǣŠ‘‡Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—•‡—ǡ̹’”‹˜ƒ–‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘Ǥ
–Š‡ˆ‹”•–”‘™‘ˆƒ”…ƒ†‡„”‹…•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•
™‡”‡„—‹Ž–ƒ”‘—†ƒŠƒŽŽǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•–‘–Š‡
‘”–Šǡ –Š‡ …‹–ƒ†‡Ž ™ƒ• …Ž‡ƒ”‡†ǡ –‘ …”‡ƒ–‡
ƒ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘† „—‹Ž–
ƒ”‘—†ƒ•–”‡‡–‰”‹†Ǥ•‹†‡–Š‹•‰”‹†‹‹Ǧ
–‹ƒŽ‡†‡ƒ˜‘”•‹—”„ƒ’Žƒ‹‰”‡•—Ž–‡†
‹–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰‘ˆƒ’‘•–‘ˆˆ‹…‡ǡƒ’”‹•‘ǡƒ
Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• ˜‹–ƒŽ
–‘™Šƒ–™‘—Ž†Žƒ–‡”„‡…‘‡–Š‡’”‘˜‹Ǧ
…‹ƒŽ •‡ƒ–Ǥ ƒ–‡”ǡ –Š‡ ”ƒ† ‘–‡Ž ƒ† ƒ
’ƒ” ™‡”‡ „—‹Ž– ‘”–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ ™‹–Š
–Š‡Žƒ––‡”•Š‡Ž–‡”‹‰–Š‡‡ƒƒƒ‡’
•Š”‹‡ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠ‘—•‡–Š‡•’‹”‹–’”‘–‡…–‘”
‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡–‘™•–‹ŽŽ†‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǡ‹–™ƒ•‹–Š‡ͳͻʹͲ•
–Šƒ– ‹– ™ƒ• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‹‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†
Dz…‡–”ƒŽŽ›dz ƒ”‘—† ƒ ‘”–Š‘‰‘ƒŽ ”‘ƒ†
‡–™‘” ™‹–Š –Š‡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡™…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ”‘ƒ†ιͳ„‹•ǡŽ‹‹‰‰‘”
–‘ ƒ‹‰‘ ˜‹ƒ Š‘ ‡Šǡ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰
͸Ǥ Š‹• ‡™ ‡ƒ•–Ǧ™‡•– ƒ”–‡”‹ƒŽ …‘Ǧ
’Ž‡–‡Ž› ‘†‹ˆ‹‡† –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‡ƒ•
‘ˆ ”‡ƒ…Š‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™ ˜‹ƒ ™ƒ–‡”™ƒ›•Ǥ
Š‡”‘–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡…‘–‹—‡†–‘”‡ˆ‹‡–Š‡
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ†‰‘”ǡ
‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› †‡ˆ‹‹‰ –Š‡‹” …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•ǣ
‘‡ ƒ ‘†‡•– ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ •‡ƒ–ǡ –Š‡
‘–Š‡”ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‘—‡–ƒŽƒ––”ƒ…–‹‘Ǥ
‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ„‘†‹ƒǯ• ‹†‡’‡†‡…‡ ‹
ͳͻͷ͵ǡ–Š‡–‘™ǯ•‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘…‘–‹—‡†
•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰‹–•—”„ƒƒ•’‡…–ǤŠ‡…‡Ǧ
–”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ†‡•‹ˆ‹‡†™‹–Šƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ—”„ƒ
ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• •›„‘Ž‹… …‘•–”—…–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡™ ƒ„‘†‹ƒǤ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘†‡”
•–›Ž‡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‹Ǧ
…‡ǯ• ‹ŽŽƒǡ –Š‡ …‘—”–Š‘—•‡ǡ –Š‡ •–ƒ†‹—ǡ
•…Š‘‘Ž• ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡” —”›ƒ˜ƒ”ƒ Š‹‰ŠǦ•…Š‘‘Ž„‘”†‡”‹‰–Š‡‰‘”ˆ‘”‡•–Ǥ
‘—”‹• •–ƒ”–‡† –‘ ‡š’ƒ† ȋƒ’’”‘š‹ƒǦ
ͳʹ
–‡Ž›ͷͲǡͲͲͲ˜‹•‹–‘”•‹–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•™Š‘
ˆ‘—†ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ˆ‡™‡š‹•–‹‰
Š‘–‡Ž•Ȍǡ„—––Š‡…‹–›”‡ƒ‹‡†‘†‡•–‹
•‹œ‡ǡ ™‹–Š ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͲǡͲͲͲǤ Š‡
†‡•‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ …‘–”ƒ•–• ™‹–Š
‘–Š‡” ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‹–› ™Š‡”‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰•
ƒ”‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‘ˆ Žƒ”‰‡ ‘’‡
’Ž‘–•Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ƒ‹”’‘”– ™ƒ• ‡š–‡Ǧ
†‡†ǡ‘†‡”‹œ‡†ƒ†‰‹˜‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
•–ƒ–—•ǡ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ’”‹‘”‹–‹•‡† –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡” ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ
–‘™•Ǥ
‡ …ƒ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‘„•‡”˜‡ –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰
‘ˆ ƒ …‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
ƒ†‰‘”ǡƒ—‰—”‹‰ˆ‘”–Š…‘‹‰‹••—‡•
‹…‡ ‘’‡‹‰ —’ –‘ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† –‘—”‹•
‡–™‘”ǡ ™Š‹…Š †‹ˆˆ‡”• …‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› ˆ”‘
–Š‡ –‘™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ•ǡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ Šƒ•
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•‡†ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•†‡‡’Ž›—’•‡–
‹–•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–’ƒ––‡”ƒ†–Š‡’ƒ…‡‘ˆ
‹–•…‘•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰”‡‡™‡†•–ƒǦ
„‹Ž‹–› ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ ‡˜‡–• ‘ˆ ͳͻͻ͹Ǧ
ͳͻͻͺǡ”‡ƒŽ„—‹Ž†‹‰‰”‘™–Š•–ƒ”–‡†‡ƒ”Ž›
‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”„ƒ
…‡–”‡ǡ ƒ† Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† „—•‹‡••
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‘–Š‡‡ƒ•–ǡ™‡•–ƒ†‘”–Š
ƒ‹ ”‘ƒ†• –Š‡ „› ƒ ‡š–‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
–‘™ƒ”‡ƒ••‡–„ƒ…ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ‹”‘ƒ†•Ǥ
—…Š†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–™ƒ•‘–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡
’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›†”ƒˆ–‡†ƒ•–‡”’ŽƒǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡
–‘™ǯ•ƒ”‡ƒŠƒ•‹…”‡ƒ•‡†–‡ˆ‘Ž††—”‹‰
–Š‡’ƒ•––‡›‡ƒ”•Ǥ‡…‡–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•
Šƒ˜‡…‘‡ˆ”‘Š‘–‡Žǡ„—•‹‡••ƒ†•‡”Ǧ
˜‹…‡‹†—•–”‹‡•ǡ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽƒ†ƒ†‹‹•Ǧ
–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ—…–‹‘• •…ƒ––‡”‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—–
–Š‡–‘™ǯ•”—”ƒŽŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ
Old Market shop-house
ͳ
Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ‹• ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Dz…”‘™dz ‘ˆ
•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡••—””‘—†‹‰–Š‡‘Ž†ƒ”‡–
ƒ† †ƒ–‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ …‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ ’‡”‹‘†Ǥ Š‡
„Ž‘…™Š‡”‡‹–‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆ•‡˜‡Ǧ
”ƒŽ ”‡…–ƒ‰—Žƒ”Ǧ•Šƒ’‡† ‘†—Ž‡• ™‹–Š
–™‘ ƒ‹ ƒ•’‡…–•Ȅ–Š‡ •Š‘’’‹‰ •–”‡‡–
ƒ†–Š‡”‹˜‡”Ȅ„‘”†‡”‡†‘–Š‡•‹†‡•„›
ƒŽŽ‡›™ƒ›•ǤŠ‡–‹Ž‡†Ǧ”‹†‰‡”‘‘ˆ‹•–›’‹…ƒŽ
‘ˆƒŽŽ•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•ǤŠ‡„—‹Ž†‹‰‹•ƒ†‡
‘ˆ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’‡”ƒ‡–„Ž‘…••‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†„›
ƒ…‘˜‡”‡†…‘—”–›ƒ”†ǤŠ‡ˆƒ…ƒ†‡‹…Ž—†‡•
ƒ‰ƒŽŽ‡”›‘–Š‡‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”ƒ†Ž‘‰‰‹ƒ•
‘ –Š‡ —’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘” ‹•
†‹˜‹†‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’—„Ž‹…•’ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡
”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–ƒ†–Š‡Ž‹˜‹‰ƒ”‡ƒˆƒ‹‰‘—–
–‘™ƒ”†–Š‡”‡ƒ”Ǥ–Šƒ•ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡‹–…Š‡Ǥ
Š‡ —’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘” ‹• …‘’”‹•‡† ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ
„‡†”‘‘• ƒ† ƒ –‡””ƒ…‡ …‘˜‡”–‡† ‹–‘
ƒ‹–…Š‡Ǥ
ʹ
ͳǦ‘…ƒ–‹‘’Žƒǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ʹǦ‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•‡…–‹‘Ȁ–”‡‡–ˆ”‘–
Ȁ
”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”ƒ†ˆ‹”•–ǦˆŽ‘‘”’Žƒ•Ǥ
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡•Ǥƒ’•
ƒ†ǤŠ‹„ƒ—Ž–̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͷǤ
Š‡•‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ–‡”‡† –Š‡
”—”ƒŽǡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ƒ†ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡•ǡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† –Š‡ —”„ƒ Š‡”‹Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ǡƒ•–Š‡›ƒ”‡…‘•–”—…–‡†
™‹–Š „ƒ•‹… ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ† ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ
†‡•‹‰•ƒ†Šƒ•–‡–Š‡Ž‘••‘ˆ’—„Ž‹…ƒ†
Wooden shop-house
‘…ƒ–‹‘’Žƒ
–‡”‹‘”‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡Ǥ
‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•‡…–‹‘ǡ
‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”ƒ†
ˆ‹”•–ǦˆŽ‘‘”’Žƒ•Ǥ
‹‡‡ƒ’”‹˜‡”ǡͳͻͲʹǡ̹’”‹˜ƒ–‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘Ǥ
‘—”…‡ǣŠ‘‡Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—•‡—
ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–”‹’ ™Š‹…Š •—””‘—†• •ƒ”
‡—ǡ–Š‹••Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡™ƒ•„—‹Ž– ʹͲ›‡ƒ”•
ƒ‰‘„›–Š‡ˆƒ–Š‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›…—””‡–Ž›
Ž‹˜‹‰‘–Š‡’”‡‹•‡•Ǥ–‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‹–‘
ƒ …‘„Ǧ•Šƒ’‡† ’Ž‘– ™‹–Š †‹‡•‹‘• ‘ˆ
ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ͶšʹͲ‡–”‡•Ǥ–ˆƒ…‡•–Š‡
•Š‘’’‹‰ •–”‡‡– ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– „—– ‹•
Dz…Š‘‡†dzƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”„›–Š‡—”„ƒ‡š’ƒǦ
•‹‘ǡ ™Š‹…Š „Ž‘…• „‘–Š ˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
ƒ……‡••Ǥ–‹•ƒ–‹„‡”…‘•–”—…–‹‘ǡ‹…Ž—Ǧ
†‹‰ –Š‡ ™ƒŽŽ•ǡ ƒ† Š‘—•‡‡‡’‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒ•
ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‡•Š‹ˆ– ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‹
”‘‘‘ˆ–Š‡‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”‹•ƒ”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–
ƒ† ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ Ž‹˜‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǥ
Š‡‹–…Š‡ƒ†Žƒ˜ƒ–‘”‹‡•ƒ”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹
–Š‡ ”‡ƒ” …‘—”–›ƒ”†Ǥ  –Š‡ —’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘”ǡ
ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ •’ƒ…‡ ’ƒ”–‹–‹‘‡† ™‹–Š …—”–ƒ‹•
‹•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ„‡†”‘‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‹‡†™‡ŽǦ
Ž‡”•ȋ–Š‡ˆƒ–Š‡”ƒ†Š‹•…Š‹Ž†”‡ȌǤƒ…‹‰
–Š‡•–”‡‡–ǡƒ˜‡”ƒ†ƒ…‘˜‡”‡†™‹–Š•Š‡‡–
‡–ƒŽ”‘‘ˆ‹‰‹•–Š‡Ž‹˜‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ†—”‹‰–Š‡
Š‘––‡•––‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡†ƒ›Ǥ
‡ƒ•—”‡† †”ƒ™‹‰• ƒ† ’‹…–—”‡ Ǥ •’‘•‹–‘
ƒ†Ǥƒǡ̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
Ͷͳ
Informal habitat on water
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡Ǥƒ’•ƒ†ǤŠ‹„ƒ—Ž–ǡ̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
Informal habitat
ͳ
ʹ
 –Š‹• Š‘—•‡ ‘ˆ ™‘‘† ƒ† •Š‡‡– ‡–ƒŽ
Ž‹˜‡–™‘„”‘–Š‡”•ƒ†‘‡•‹•–‡”Ǥ‘…ƒ–‡†
ƒ– –Š‡ ‡–”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ– ‘•ƒǡ ‹– ‹…Ž—Ǧ
†‡•ƒ•Š‘’‘–Š‡‰”‘—†ˆŽ‘‘”ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š
‹– ‹• …Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ• Dz‹ˆ‘”ƒŽdz ƒ• ‹– ‹• ’ƒ”–
‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹””‡‰—Žƒ” …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡
”‹˜‡”ǡ–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰‹–•‡Žˆ‹•”ƒ–Š‡”…Ž‡˜‡”Ž›
†‡•‹‰‡†Ǥ–Šƒ••‡˜‡”ƒŽ„ƒ›•–‘ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡
ƒ–—”ƒŽƒ†•‡Ž‡…–‹˜‡˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘ǡ†‡’‡Ǧ
†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ƒ† ”‡Žƒ–‹‘
™‹–Š–Š‡‘—–•‹†‡•’ƒ…‡ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘” •Š‘’Ǥ •ƒŽŽ ƒ”‡ƒ
‹• …ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› —•‡† ˆ‘” Š‘—•‡‡‡’‹‰ ƒ†
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ˆ—…–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”
•’ƒ…‡ Šƒ• —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ’—”’‘•‡•ǣ ƒ •Š‘’ ‹
–Š‡†ƒ›–‹‡ƒ†–Š‡„”‘–Š‡”•ǯ„‡†”‘‘
ƒ–‹‰Š–ǤŠ‡—’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘”‹•—•‡†‘Ž›„›
–Š‡•‹•–‡”Ǥ
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡Ǥƒ’•
ƒ†ǤŠ‹„ƒ—Ž–̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͷǤ
ͳǦŽ‘–’Žƒ
ʹǦŽƒ•Ȁ‘”–Šƒ†ƒ•–ˆƒ…ƒ†‡•
ͶͲ
(© Google earth, 2005)
Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ‹• ‘ •–‹Ž–• –‘ ’”‡˜‡– ƒ›
ˆŽ‘‘†‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡”‹˜‡”Ǥ–‹•ƒ•‹’Ž‡’‘•–
ƒ†„‡ƒ…‘•–”—…–‹‘™‹–Š‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ†‡
‘ˆŠ‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—•ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†ƒ”‘‘ˆ‘ˆ
•Š‡‡–‡–ƒŽ
(© Google earth, 2005)
ƒ†•…ƒ’‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ„—‹Ž–—’ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”Ǥ
(© Google earth, 2005)
”‘–•‘˜‡”Ž‘‘‹‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”ƒ†–Š‡•–”‡‡–Ȁ
ƒ–‡”ƒŽˆƒ…ƒ†‡Ȁ’ƒ…‡—•‡•…Š‡‡Ǥ
Š‹• Š‘—•‡ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ †™‡ŽǦ
Ž‹‰• ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”‹˜‡”Ǥ –• ƒ”‡ƒ ‹• ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•–
͵Ͳψ ƒ† ‹– Š‘—•‡• ‡‹‰Š– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǣ
–™‘ •‹•–‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡ …Š‹ŽǦ
†”‡Ǥ Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž›ǯ• ”‡– ƒ‘—–• –‘ ̈́ʹͲ
’‡”‘–ŠǤ—‡–‘–Š‡…‘ˆ‹‡†•’ƒ…‡‘ˆ
–Š‡†™‡ŽŽ‹‰ǡ†ƒ‹Ž›Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ‹Ž›–ƒ‡•’Žƒ…‡
‘—–•‹†‡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ‹•‹†‡ǡ …‘’‘•‡† ‘ˆ
ƒ „‡†”‘‘ǡ ‹–…Š‡ ƒ† ƒ Ž‹˜‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒǡ ‹•
—•‡†ˆ‘”Š‘—•‡‡‡’‹‰ƒ†•Ž‡‡’‹‰ǤŠ‡
•–”‡‡– ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”‹˜‡” „‡…‘‡• ƒ ƒ”‡ƒ
ˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‹•‹‰ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•…‘‡”…‹ƒŽƒ†
†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ
ͳǦŽ†ƒ”‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
ʹǦŠ‡™ƒ›–‘‰‘”ǡŠ‘–‡Ž•ƒ†
ƒ–Šƒ‘’ŠƒŠ‘•’‹–ƒŽǤ
͵Ǧ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”•‘—–Š
‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’
‘’‡ •’ƒ…‡•Ǥ ‡”› “—‹…Ž›ǡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹Ǧ
…ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ †‡‡’Ž› ƒŽ–‡”‡†
–Š‡Dz‰ƒ”†‡–‘™dzˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ǡ
™Š‹…Š Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ™ƒ›• „‡‡ …‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‡† ‹
–‘—”‹•Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ•ǯ•’‡‡…Š‡•ƒ†
‡š’‡”–•–—†›”‡’‘”–•ǤŠ‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ…‘ˆ‹Ǧ
‰—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ Šƒ• „‡‡ †‡‡’Ž›
‘†‹ˆ‹‡†ǡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‹‰ ‹–• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’
–‘–Š‡…‘—–”›•‹†‡Ǥ—‹Ž–„›ƒ•—……‡••‹‘
‘ˆ ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘• ƒ‹Ž› …‘‹‰ ˆ”‘
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• •‡‹œ‹‰ ‘’’‘”–—‹–›ǡ –Š‡ …‹–›
Šƒ•—”„ƒ‹•‡†ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒŽŽ›Ǥ
•‡–„ƒ……‘•–”—…–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ††…‘…”‡–‡
„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡ ’”‡˜‡–‹‰ ƒ› ƒ–—”ƒŽ ˜‡–‹Ǧ
Žƒ–‹‘‘”•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ‘–‡Ž
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡†‘‹ƒ–‡•™‹–Š‘”‡–Šƒ
ͳͲǡͲͲͲ”‘‘•ǡ•…ƒ––‡”‡†‹–Š‡–‘™…‡Ǧ
–”‡ƒ†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‘ƒ†•–‘–Š‡ƒ‹”’‘”–ƒ†
–‘–Š‡–‡’Ž‡•Ǥ
ƒ˜ƒ•–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡†‹…ƒ–‡†–‘”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡–Ǥ • –Š‡ •‘—–ŠǦ™‡•– ”‡ƒ‹•
ƒŽ‘•– —–‘—…Š‡†ǡ ‹– ™‹ŽŽ Ž‹‡Ž› „‡…‘‡
ƒ–ƒ”‰‡–ˆ‘”ˆ—–—”‡Žƒ”‰‡Ǧ•…ƒŽ‡”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡
–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ
”‹˜ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ Žƒ† •’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡
ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ‰”‡‡† ƒ•–‡” ’Žƒǡ –Š‡
Žƒ…‘ˆ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‹’Ž‡‡Ǧ
–ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ Žƒ… ‘ˆ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ‘’‡
•’ƒ…‡•ǡ ‡™ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ǡ ƒ† ‡™ –‘—”‹• ƒ’’”‘ƒǦ
…Š‡• ƒ”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰ ‡™ —”„ƒ
…‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘• –Šƒ– ‘†‹ˆ› –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡”
‹†‡–‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ƒ†‹–•–‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ
Š‡…‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ†˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ†•Š‘”–Ǧ
–‡”’”‘ˆ‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ’”‹˜ƒ–‡‹˜‡•–‡–•
Šƒ˜‡†‹”‡…–‹’ƒ…–•‘—”„ƒƒ†ƒ”…Š‹Ǧ
–‡…–—”ƒŽ ˆ‘”•Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• Šƒ’’‡‹‰ ‹•
–Šƒ– –Š”‘—‰Š —…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† †‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘
•…ƒŽ‡• ƒ”‡ …Šƒ‰‹‰ǡ ”‡’‡ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ’ƒ–Ǧ
–‡” ‘ˆ ’Ž‘– •›•–‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ …‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ†
—”„ƒ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›‹…”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰
†‡•‹–›ǡ ’”‘†—…‡ Š‡‹‰Š–ǡ ‹–”‘†—…‡ ‡š‘Ǧ
‰‡‘—• ‘†‡Ž• ‹ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ ™‹–Š‘—–
”‡ƒŽƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ…Ž‡ƒ”˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ”‡†—…‡
ƒ”‡–•ǡ •Š‘’’‹‰ …‡–”‡•ǡ •‘—˜‡‹”
™ƒ”‡Š‘—•‡•ƒ†”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–•…‘–‹—‡–‘
•’”‘—–Ǥ Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– „‡…‘Ǧ
‡• ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› …‘‘ ™‹–Š ƒŒ‘”
”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ƒ† …‘–”‹„—–‡•
ƒ•—…Š–‘–Š‡–‘™ǯ•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ•
–‘‹–•—”„ƒ…Šƒ‰‡ǡ‡‹–Š‡”ƒ––Š‡†‘‘”•Ǧ
–‡’•‘ˆ‰‘”‘”‹–Š‡”—”ƒŽŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ
”‹˜ƒ–‡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽ ’”‘Œ‡…–• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡
Dzƒ–‹‘ƒŽdz —•‡— ‘” ‘–Š‡” ‡šŠ‹„‹–‹‘
ŠƒŽŽ•ǡŽ‡‹•—”‡’”‘Œ‡…–•Ž‹‡‰‘Žˆ…‘—”•‡•‘”
…—Ž–—”ƒŽ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡• ƒ”‡ „‡‹‰ …‘•–”—…–‡†
™‹–Š …‘’Ž‡–‡ ƒ—–‘‘› ƒ† Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
”ƒ†‘Ž›‹–Š‡–‘™…‡–”‡ƒ†–Š‡’‡”‹Ǧ
’Š‡”›Ǥ †‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆˆ‹…‡• ˆ‘”‡”Ž›
Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡–‘™…‡–”‡ƒ”‡”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
ˆƒ”ƒ™ƒ›‹–Š‡’ƒ††›Ǧˆ‹‡Ž†’‡”‹’Š‡”›–‘
ˆƒ˜‘—” ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ ‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ
ƒ”‡ƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ™ƒ› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ•
–™‘ƒ‹”‘ƒ†••–ƒ”––‘•Š‘™–Š‡‹”‘™
…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•Ǥ ‘ –Š‡ ‘”–ŠǦ™‡•–ǡ –Š‡
ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ Š— Š‡› Šƒ• –”‹’Ž‡† ‹ •‹œ‡
‡…”‘ƒ…Š‹‰‘˜‡”–Š‡’”‘–‡…–‡†œ‘‡•‘ˆ
–Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ’ƒ”Ǥ Ž†‡” ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•
–‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‡ƒ•– Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ „Ž‘…‡† „›
Dz‰Š‘•–dz Š‘–‡Ž –‘—”‹• ƒ† –Š‡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽ
…‹–› ™Š‡”‡ƒ• –Š‡ •‘—–Š‡ƒ•– Šƒ• „‡…‘‡
Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡…– ‘ˆ —…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
”‡•—Ž–•‹’‘‘”Ž›’Žƒ‡†—”„ƒ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡•—…Šƒ••ƒ‹–ƒ”›‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡ȋ™ƒ–‡”Ǧ
™‘”•ǡ ”ƒ‹™ƒ–‡” †”ƒ‹ƒ‰‡ǡ ™ƒ•–‡™ƒ–‡”
†‹•’‘•ƒŽƒ†–”‡ƒ–‡–ǡ”‡ˆ—•‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘Ȍǡ
ƒ† …‘—‹–› ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• ‹…Ž—Ǧ
†‹‰ ’—„Ž‹… ’ƒ”•ǡ •…Š‘‘Ž• ƒ† •‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ
 —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•…”‡’ƒ…›
„‡–™‡‡ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ †›ƒ‹• ƒ† –Š‡
‘†‡•–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’—„Ž‹…‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡ ‹• …”—…‹ƒŽǤ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ Š‘ ‡Šǡ
–Š‡ –‘™ ƒ† ‹–• –‡””‹–‘”› ƒ”‡ Žƒ”‰‡Ž›
‘’‡ –‘ •’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
‹•…‘–‹—‹‰–Š‡—•—ƒŽŽ‘‰‹…‘ˆƒ‡ƒ”Ž›
Dz’‹‘‡‡”dzŽ‹‡ǡ‹‡‡ƒ’ǯ•—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘
‘™ •’”‡ƒ†• –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– ‹–• –‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ –
†‘‡•‘–„‡‡ˆ‹–ƒ›‡™—”„ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘
‘” ‹–• ‘™ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‹†‡–‹–›Ǥ ‘ ƒŒ‘”
‰‘˜‡”‡– ’”‘Œ‡…– Šƒ• ›‡– „‡‡ ƒ†‡
’—„Ž‹… –‘ ˆ‘…—• ‘ –Š‡ –‘™ ˆƒ–‡ ‘” –‘
„—‹Ž† ƒ ‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Ž ‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
ƒ…–—ƒŽŽ›Šƒ•ƒƒ‡™Š‹…Š‹–‹‰Š–Ž‘•‡‹
–Š‡‡ƒ”ˆ—–—”‡ǡ„‡…‘‹‰Dz‰‘”‹–›dzǤǤǤ
‹–Š‡•Šƒ†‘™‘ˆ‰‘”Ǥ
Aline Hétreau-Pottier
ͳ͵
Red Cross
Research
Observatory team
Post Ph.D. research: Inès Gaulis
Les leçons d’Angkor : dix ans de coopération internationale
dans la région de Siem Reap/Angkor
Scientific tutor: Pierre Clément
The Région Île-de-France finances this research
via a post doctoral research subsidy.
ȋThe lessons of Angkor: ten years of International cooperation in the Siem Reap/Angkor region) (IPRAUS/UMR 7136 A.U.S-CNRS)
This research focused on analysing numerous projects in the ϔield of international
cooperation in the Angkor/Siem Reap
region. Several bodies and architectural
ofϔices or consultancies drafted projects
when Cambodia opened up in the early
90s.
„‘‘‹‰ ‹†—•–”›Ǥ Š‡ ‡…‘‘‹… †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡– †‡”‹˜‡† ˆ”‘ –‘—”‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡– Šƒ† –Š‡ –‘ …‘‡š‹•– ™‹–Š ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ǧ
Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽǡŠ‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽƒ†ƒŽ•‘‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ȋ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‡ƒ’ƒ‡™ƒ•
Ž‹•–‡†„›ƒ•ƒ„‹‘•’Š‡”‡”‡•‡”˜‡
‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’‡”‹‘†ȌǤ
• ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ• ͳͻͺͻ –Š‡ ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ’ƒ”–›
ƒ•‡† –‘ –ƒ‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘”
ƒ•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰‘ˆ‰‘”…ƒ’ƒ‹Ǥ–Š‡
ƒ—–— ‘ˆ ͳͻͻͳǡ –Š‡ ƒ”‹• ‰”‡‡‡–•
•‹‰ƒ–—”‡Š‡”ƒŽ†‹‰–Š‡”‡–—”‘ˆ’‡ƒ…‡–‘
ƒ„‘†‹ƒǡƒ”‡†–Š‡Žƒ—…Š‘ˆ–Š‹•…ƒǦ
’ƒ‹‰Ǥ–•ˆ‹”•–ƒ…–‹‘™ƒ•–‘‹•…”‹„‡–Š‡
•‹–‡•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›‘–Š‡‘”Ž†‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
ƒ†‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ƒ–”‹•Ž‹•–•‹ͳͻͻʹǤŠ‡’”‘Ǧ
Œ‡…–•ƒƒŽ›•‡†Š‡”‡™‡”‡‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‹•
‰‡‡”ƒŽ’Žƒ‘ˆƒ…–‹‘ǤŠ‡›†‡ƒŽ–™‹–Š–Š‡
…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’”‘–‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘—Ǧ
‡–•„—–ƒŽ•‘™‹–Š–Š‡Žƒ†Ǧ—•‡’Žƒ‹‰
‘ˆ–Š‡•—””‘—†‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡
‡‹‰Š„‘—”‹‰–‘™‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’Ǥ
™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ •–ƒ‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
…‘—‹–›ƒ†Ȅ‹˜‹–‡†„›–Š‡
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ™Š‹…Š ƒŽ•‘ ’Žƒ›•
ƒ …‘‘”†‹ƒ–‹‰ ”‘Ž‡ ˆ‘” ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• …ƒ””‹‡†
‘—–‹‰‘”ȄŽƒ—…Š‡†ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ’”‘Ǧ
Œ‡…–•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ
ƒ† ƒ–—”ƒŽ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ Žƒ†Ǧ—•‡ ’Žƒ‹‰
ƒ† …‘•‡“—‡–Ž› –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ •’ƒ…‡ǡ ˜‹–ƒŽ
ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘–‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‹–‡ǤŠ‹•…‘–”‘Ž
™ƒ•‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†„›ƒƒƒ‰‡‡–’Žƒˆ‘”
–Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ǣ ‘‹‰ ƒ† ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
ƒƒ‰‡‡– Žƒ ˆ‘” ‰‘” ”‡ƒ
ȋȌǡ–‘œ‘‡ƒ†ˆ‹š–Š‡„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•‘ˆ
–Š‡•‹–‡•–‘„‡’”‘–‡…–‡†Ǥ
Š‹• ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ …ƒ’ƒ‹‰ ˆƒ˜‘—”‡† –Š‡
„‡‰‹‹‰ ‘ˆ –‘—”‹• ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ –Š‡
…‘—–”›ǡ–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡‘ˆ™Š‹…Š™ƒ•Š‘’‡†
ˆ‘”ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡™ƒ•–‘…ƒ””›
‘—––Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡•‡’”‘Œ‡…–•–™‘‡••‡–‹ƒŽ
–›’‡• ‘ˆ ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǣ –‘ •ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”† Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
ƒ† –‘ ”‡˜‹˜‡ –Š‡ …‘—–”›ǯ• ‡…‘‘›
ȋ…”—…‹ƒŽƒˆ–‡”ʹͲ›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ™ƒ”ƒ††‹•‘”Ǧ
†‡”ȌǤŠ‡‡š’‡…–‡†–‘—”‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
…‘•‹†‡”‡†–Š‡‰‘””‡‰‹‘ƒ•–Š‡‡…‘Ǧ
‘‹… ”‡˜‹˜ƒŽ ˆ‘…—• ’‘‹– ˆ‘” ƒ„‘†‹ƒǡ
–‘—”‹• „‡‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‹ ‹†—•–”› „”‹Ǧ
‰‹‰‹ˆ‘”‡‹‰…—””‡…›ǤŠ—•ǡ–™‘‘ˆ–‡
…‘–”ƒ†‹…–‹‰ ‰‘ƒŽ• Šƒ† –‘ „‡ –ƒ‡ ‹ǣ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ƒ† ‡…‘‘‹… †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡–Ǥ Š‡ •–ƒ‡• ™‡”‡ †”ƒƒ–‹… †—‡
–‘–Š‡…‘—–”›ƒ†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǯ•‡š–”‡‡
’‘˜‡”–›ƒ††—‡–‘–Š‡‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽŠ‡”‹Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹–‡Ǥ–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›ͻͲ•ǡ–Š‹•
ƒ…—–‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘™ƒ••‘‘–‘„‡…‘ˆ”‘–‡†
™‹–Š–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰…‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ–‘—”‹•ǡƒ
ͳͶ
Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–ǯ••–—†‹‡†–‹‡•…ƒŽ‡™ƒ•ˆ”‘
ͳͻͻͳ –‘ ʹͲͲʹǤ Š‡•‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–• ™‡”‡ •‡–
—’™‹–Š‹–Š‡•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰‰‘”…ƒǦ
’ƒ‹‰ǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† –Š‡ ǡ ƒ† –”‹‡† –‘
”‡…‘…‹Ž‡ –Š‡ –™‘ ƒ‹ ’”‹‘”‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ǣ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ƒ†
‡…‘‘‹… †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š
Ž‘‘‡†ƒ––Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–•ǯ•–ƒ–—•ǡ–Š‡‹”ˆ—…Ǧ
–‹‘•ƒ†–”‹‡†–‘…‘ˆ”‘––Š‡‹–‡–‹‘•
™‹–Š–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘•‹–‡Ǥ
Š‡•‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–• †‡ƒŽ– ™‹–Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ˆ‹‡Ž†•
•—…Š ƒ• ‘—‡– ”‡•–‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „—– ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•ŠǦ
‡–‘ˆƒŽƒ†Ǧ—•‡’Žƒǡ–‘—”‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡–ȋŽ‘‘‹‰ƒ––Š‡’”‘•’‡…–‹˜‡Ȍƒ†–Š‡
’”‘–‡…–‹‘‘ˆ„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•
‘ˆ‡š’‡”–‹•‡™‡”‡…ƒŽŽ‡†—’‘ǣŠ‹•–‘”‹ƒ•ǡ
ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹•–•ǡƒ”…Š‹–‡…–•ǡ—”„ƒ’Žƒ‡”•
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–•ǡƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰‹•–•ƒ†
Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹…‡‰‹‡‡”•ǤŠ‡›ƒŽŽ…‘–”‹„—–‡†
–‘ –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ‰‘ƒŽ ƒ† …‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ǥ ‹ˆ–‡‡ ›‡ƒ”•
ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’”‘Ǧ
Œ‡…–•ǡŠ‘™™‡”‡–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ•†‡ƒŽ–™‹–Šǫ
Ž–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡•‹–‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ’ƒ”
ȋ’”‘–‡…–‡† œ‘‡ ͳ ƒ† ʹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ȍ
•‡‡ –‘ „‡ ’”‘–‡…–‡† ƒ† ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†ǡ
–Š‡•–‘”›‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡–‘™‘ˆ‹‡
‡ƒ’ǡ—†‡”‰‘‹‰”ƒ’‹††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–†—‡
–‘ –‘—”‹• ˆŽ‘™ ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‹ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰
Žƒ†•’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡ǡǤ‡‰ƒœǦ‹‘”‡–ƒ†Ǥƒ„‘—ƒ–Ǧƒ”–‡ŽǡʹͲͲͷǡ
̹ƒ–‡Ž‹‡”ʹͲͲͶȀͲͷǤ
Š‹• ˜‹ŽŽƒ ‹• Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‘ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ’Žƒ–‡†
’Ž‘–ǡ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡‰”‹†‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‹Ǧ
‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†Ǥ–‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‘
ƒ•‡™™‹–Š”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’–‘–Š‡ƒŽ‹‰‡–
‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‡‡–•ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹ƒ……‡••ˆƒ…‹‰
•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–ǤŠ‡‘Ǧ„—‹Ž–Ǧ—’ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡
’Ž‘–‹•’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›–ƒ‡—’„›…‘•–”—…–‹‘•
—•‡†ƒ••–‘”ƒ‰‡ƒ†’ƒ”‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ
Š‡Š‘—•‡‹•‘–Š”‡‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•ǡ™‹–ŠƒŠƒŽˆǦ
„ƒ•‡‡– ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‡† ”‘•• ‘ˆˆ‹…‡•
ƒ”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†ǤŠ‡˜‹ŽŽƒ•ƒ”‡–›’‹…ƒŽ‘ˆ’”‘Ǧ
–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡ ’‡”‹‘† ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡
ƒ† ‡˜‘‡ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ƒ–
–Š‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ˜‹Ž‹‘• Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ Dz‰ƒ”†‡
…‹–‹‡•dzǤ
ƒ…ƒ†‡Ȁ
”‘—†ˆŽ‘‘”
ƒ†ˆ‹”•–ˆŽ‘‘”’Žƒ•Ǥ
‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹•‹†‡ –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹Ǧ
…ƒŽ ’ƒ”ǯ• ’‡”‹‡–‡” •‡‡• –‘ „‡ —†‡”
…‘–”‘Ž ȋƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡• †‹•–”‹„—–‡† ‘˜‡” –Š‡
ͶͲͳ; ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ Šƒ•
‹…”‡ƒ•‡† †”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡ ˆ”‘ ʹͷǡͲͲͲ
‹ ͳͻͻʹ –‘ ƒŽ‘•– ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲȌǡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
–‘™ǯ• –‡””‹–‘”› ‹• ‹ –Š‡ Šƒ†• ‘ˆ Žƒ†
•’‡…—Žƒ–‘”•Ǥ Š‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– …‘…‡”•
‘–‘Ž›–Š‡—”„ƒŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡„—–ƒŽ•‘–Š‡
”‡‰‹‘ǯ• ‡˜‹”‘‡– ƒ• ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ Žƒ† ‹•
‡š–”ƒ…–‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ• Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‘ –Š‡
„ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‡ƒ’–‘„‡—•‡ƒ•„ƒ…Ǧ
ˆ‹ŽŽˆ‘”’ƒ††›Ǧˆ‹‡Ž†’Ž‘–•–‘„‡–—”‡†‹–‘
„—‹Ž†‹‰•’Ž‘–•Ǥ
Catholic Church
–‹•‘„˜‹‘—•–Šƒ–ƒ›ƒ––‡’–•–‘…‘–”‘Ž
‹‡‡ƒ’ǯ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡––Š”‘—‰Šƒ•–‡”
’Žƒ•‘”Žƒ†Ǧ—•‡’Žƒ•Šƒ˜‡ˆƒ‹Ž‡†ǤŠ‡•‡
ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡• ƒ”‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ Ž‹‡Ž› †—‡ –‘ –Š‡
Žƒ…‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ–‘‹’‘•‡ƒ›…‘–”‘ŽǤ
Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘†—‡–‘–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•‡–‹
‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ ƒ ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ȋˆ”‘
–Š‡‘—‡–ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ–‘–Š‡–‘™Ȍƒ†–‘
‡š’ƒ†‹––‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡”ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ǡƒ•‹–
‹••—’’‘•‡†–Šƒ––Š‡•‡•—……‡••‹˜‡’Žƒ•‘ˆ
–Š‡ͻͲ•™‡”‡ƒ–‘‘Žƒ†ƒ‹‡†ƒ–Š‡Ž’‹‰
–Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹–‡ ȋ„› ’”‘–‡…–‹‰
‹–••—””‘—†‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ•ȌǤ
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡ǤǤ—–‘
ƒ†Ǥ‹ǡ̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
Š‡ ‡…Ž‘•—”‡ ‹• …‘’”‹•‡† ‘ˆ ƒ ˜‹ŽŽƒ
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ• ™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• „‘—‰Š– „›
–Š‡…Š—”…Šǡ™Š‡”‡‹–‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–•‘ˆˆ‹…‡
ƒ†ƒ„—‹Ž†‹‰ˆ‘”™‘”•Š‹’Ǣƒ’‡”ƒ‡–
‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”…‘•–”—…–‹‘™‹–Šƒ™‘‘†‡
…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘–Š‡—’’‡”ǦˆŽ‘‘”ǤŠ‡˜‹ŽŽƒ
™ƒ• …‘˜‡”–‡† ‹–‘ ƒ ‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡ ƒ† ƒ
‡š–‡•‹‘™ƒ•„—‹Ž–ƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”ǣƒ’‡”ƒǦ
‡–…‘•–”—…–‹‘™‹–Š‘‡ˆŽ‘‘”ǡ’ƒ‹–‡†
™Š‹–‡ ƒ† ™‹–Š ƒ –‡””ƒ…‡ …‘˜‡”‡† ™‹–Š ƒ
•Š‡‡–‡–ƒŽ”‘‘ˆǤŠ‡Žƒ”‰‡’Ž‘–ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡
”‹˜‡” –‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š ‘ˆ ͸ ‹• ‘……—’‹‡† „›
–™‘„—‹Ž†‹‰•ƒ†‘’‡•’ƒ…‡•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ
’Žƒ›‰”‘—†ˆ‘”†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ††ƒ…‡
Ž‡••‘•Ǥ Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘” Šƒ• ƒ ŠƒŽŽǡ ƒ
˜‡”ƒ†ƒ ƒ† „‡†”‘‘•Ǣ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ˆŽ‘‘”
‹…Ž—†‡• „‡†”‘‘• ƒ……‡••‡† „› ƒ …‘””‹Ǧ
†‘”™‹–ŠƒŽƒ”‰‡„ƒŽ…‘›Ǥ–‹•ƒ’‘•–ƒ†
„‡ƒ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ „‡ƒ”‹‰ ™‹†–Š
‘ˆƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›Ͷ‡–”‡•Ǥ
”‘—†ˆŽ‘‘”’Žƒ
ƒ†ˆƒ…ƒ†‡•Ǥ
͵ͻ
Architectural forms Physician’s house
ͳ
ʹ
ͳǦ‘…ƒ–‹‘’Žƒǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ʹǦ
”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”ƒ†ˆ‹”•–ˆŽ‘‘”’Žƒ•Ǥ
Š‹• Š‘—•‡ ‹• Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”‹˜‡”ǡ
‘”–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘†‘Ž ’ƒ‰‘†ƒ ƒ† ‹•’ƒ”Ǧ
–‹ƒŽŽ›‘„•…—”‡†„›Šƒ†‹…”ƒˆ–™‘”•Š‘’•Ǥ
– ‹• Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‘ ƒ •ƒŽŽ ’Ž‘–Ǥ Š‡ „—‹Ž–
‡˜‹”‘‡– ‹• †‡•‹ˆ‹‡† ‘ ƒŽŽ •‹†‡•Ǥ
Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”ǡ —†‡” ™‘‘†‡ •–‹Ž–•ǡ
Šƒ•ƒ™‹†‡•…‘’‡‘ˆƒ”‘—†ˆ‘—”‡–”‡•
ˆ‘” –Š‡ …‡–”ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ† ‘ˆ –™‘ ‡–”‡•
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’‡”‹’Š‡”ƒŽ •’ƒ…‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‘’‡
•’ƒ…‡‹•—•‡†ˆ‘”Š‘—•‡‡‡’‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ
„‡†”‘‘ ™ƒ• „—‹Ž– ‘ –Š‹• Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ Š‡
ˆ‹”•–ˆŽ‘‘”‹•ƒ……‡••‡†„›ƒƒ‹ƒ†„ƒ…
•–ƒ‹”…ƒ•‡ ƒ† ‹…Ž—†‡• ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ˜‡”ƒ†ƒ
ƒ†ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ‹˜‹‰ƒ”‡ƒǤ–‹•†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ„‡†”‘‘•ƒ†Ž‹˜‹‰”‘‘•ǤŠ‡
”‘‘ˆ ‹• ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ –™‘ –‹„‡” •–”—…–—”‡•
ƒ† ‹• …‘˜‡”‡† ™‹–Š –‹Ž‡•Ǥ Š‹• Š‘—•‡ ‹•
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘‘†‡ Š‘—•‡• ‘ˆ
“—‹–‡ƒˆˆŽ—‡–ˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•Ǥ
ƒ‹ˆƒ…ƒ†‡ƒ†…”‘•••‡…–‹‘
Ͳͷͳͷ
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡ǡǤ
Ž‘™‹•‹‡–Ǥƒ–‘ǡ̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
Wooden houses
ͳ
ʹ
ͳǦ‘…ƒ–‹‘’Žƒǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ʹǦ
”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘”ƒ†ˆ‹”•–ˆŽ‘‘”’Žƒ•Ǥ
Š‡Š‘—•‡‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǡ‡ƒ”
ƒ–‘ŽƒƒǤ–‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡’Ž‘–ǡ
„‘”†‡”‡†„›ƒˆ‡…‡ƒ†’Žƒ–ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š
ƒ ‘Ǧ„—‹Ž–Ǧ—’ ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ– –Š‡ ˆ”‘– ƒ† ƒ
’Žƒ–‡† ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ– –Š‡ „ƒ…Ǥ – ‹• •—””‘—Ǧ
†‡† „› –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ …‘•–”—…–‹‘•Ǥ Š”‡‡
Š‘—•‡Š‘Ž†•Ž‹˜‡‹‹–ǡ–‘–ƒŽŽ‹‰ͳͳ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ
Š‡‰”‘—†ˆŽ‘‘”‹•™Š‡”‡†ƒ‹Ž›Ž‹ˆ‡–ƒ‡•
’Žƒ…‡ǤŠ‡•–‹Ž–‡†ƒ”‡ƒ‹…Ž—†‡•ƒ‰ƒ”ƒ‰‡
„› ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› …Ž‘•‹‰ –Š‡ •’ƒ…‡ǡ ƒ ‹–…Š‡
ƒ‡šƒ†ƒƒ”‡ƒˆ‘”†ƒ‹Ž›Ž‹ˆ‡ǤŠ‡—’•Ǧ
–ƒ‹”•ƒ”‡ƒ‹•…‘’”‹•‡†‘ˆ„‡†”‘‘•ƒ†
ƒŽ‹˜‹‰”‘‘Ǥ
͵Ǧ‹†‡ƒ†ƒ‹ˆƒ…ƒ†‡
‡ƒ•—”‡††”ƒ™‹‰•ƒ†’‹…–—”‡ǡǤ‡‰ƒœǦ‹‘”‡–ƒ†Ǥƒ„‘—ƒ–Ǧƒ”–‡ŽǡʹͲͲͷǡ
̹™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀͲͷǤ
͵ͺ
Développement et patrimoine :
formes et mutations de la ville de Siem Reap
à l’ombre d’Angkor (1907-2007).
Development and heritage: forms and changes of Siem Reap town in the shadow of Angkor .
After the country reopened and Angkor
was inscribed on the World Heritage List
in 1992, Siem Reap faced several transformations caused by demographic growth
and economic development supported by
international aid and exponential tourism
development. This secondary Cambodian
town is being recomposed and undergoing
meaningful architectural and urban changes in its centre and peripheries. Its area
increased tenfold within ten years, almost
encroaching onto the temple area.
Š‡”‡…‡–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™‹•ƒ
‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•‹”‡…‘‰‹Ǧ
•‹‰ƒ—”„ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡…‘ˆ”‘–‡†„›–Š‡
…‘’‡–‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‡†Dz‰”‡ƒ–Š‡”‹Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡dz‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ–‡’Ž‡•Ǥ”‘—‰Š–
„ƒ… –‘ –Š‡ •…ƒŽ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ ƒ† –‘
‹–• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‰‘”ǡ ‹– †‹•’Žƒ›• –Š‡
ƒ„‹‰—‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘ ƒ† ”‡’”‡Ǧ
•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ƒ†‘ˆ‹–•–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ
‹†‡–‹–‹‡•Ǥ ††‹‰ –‘ –Š‹• †‹…Š‘–‘› ‹•
–Š‡ ‘’’‘•‹–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‘—•ƒ†Ǧ›‡ƒ”Ǧ
‘Ž†•–‘‡•–”—…–—”‡•ƒ†ƒ•‡…—Žƒ”–‘™
ƒ‹Ž›ƒ†‡‘ˆ‡’Š‡‡”ƒŽ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽƒ”…Š‹Ǧ
–‡…–—”‡Ǥ – ‘™ ˆƒ…‡• ‡™ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•Ǥ
Dz–‘‡ ˆ‘”‡•– ˜•Ǥ ƒ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ –‘™dzǡ Dz‰”‡ƒ–
ƒ†‘†‡•–Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡dzǡDz…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†
—”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–dzǣ–Š‡•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡“—‡•Ǧ
–‹‘•‹‡‡ƒ’”ƒ‹•‡•ǡ™Š‹…Š‡‡†–‘„‡
†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†–Š”‘—‰Šƒ’”‘…‡••…‘˜‡”‹‰‘˜‡”
ƒ…‡–—”›‘ˆŠ‹•–‘”›ƒ†ƒ—‹“—‡†ƒ›Ǧ–‘Ǧ
†ƒ›†›ƒ‹…Ǥ
–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆƒ‘’‡‹‰ƒ†•’‹Ǧ
”‹–†‹…Š‘–‘›ǡ–Š‹•’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”ƒ’‹†‰”‘™–Š
’”‡•‡–• ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ƒƒŽ›•‡ –Š‡
’”‡•‡– ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‘™
ƒ†‹–•Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ǡ”—”ƒŽƒ†—”„ƒŠ‡”‹Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ‡™ •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ …‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
•‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‹ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ƒ† ’”‘…‡••‡•
‘ˆ…‘–‡’‘”ƒ‡‘—•’”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ
‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†ˆ‹‡Ž†•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡‹–‘ƒ……‘—–
•—…Š ƒ• Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ
–Š‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡› ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ†‘ˆ—”„ƒ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ–Š‡
”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽǡ ‡…‘‘‹… ƒ†
•–”ƒ–‡‰‹…•–ƒ‡•ƒ†–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆǦ
ˆ‡”‡–•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ǡ‡‹–Š‡”Ž‘…ƒŽ•‘”‡š‘Ǧ
‰‡‘—•ǡ…‘˜‡›‡†„›–Š‘•‡•–ƒ‡•Ǥ
‡˜‡”ƒŽ ˆ‹†‹‰• •–”—…–—”‡ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ
ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ‡‹‰‹–Š‡•Šƒ†‘™‘ˆ‰‘”
„”‹‰• ƒ …—Ž–—”ƒŽ „ƒ…‰”‘—† –‘ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ ™Š‹…Š •‹‰Ž‡• ‹– ‘—– ˆ”‘ ‘–Š‡”
”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ•‡…‘†ƒ”›–‘™•Ǥ‘”‡…‘Ǧ
‘ƒ•’‡…–„—–ƒˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‘‡™‹–Š
”‡•’‡…– –‘ –Š‡ …‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ
‹‡‡ƒ’Šƒ•Ž‘…ƒŽ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‹–‹‡•†‡”‹˜‡†
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ”—”ƒŽ ™‘”Ž†Ǥ Š‡
DzŠ‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽdz–‘™ǡ ™Š‹…Š …‘–ƒ‹• Šƒ”†Ž›
ƒ› ƒ••‡”–‡† —”„ƒ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ǡ ”‡’”‡•‡–•
‘Ž›ƒ•ƒŽŽƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡––‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ
–Š‹•…‘–‡š––Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡
–Š‡ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ƒ† —”„ƒ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹•
”ƒ‹•‡†–Š”‘—‰Šƒ†‹ƒ…Š”‘‹…ƒ†—Ž–‹’Ž‡
ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ
 –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ †‹‡•‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ”‡…‡–
…Šƒ‰‡• ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ”‡–”‘•’‡…–‹˜‡ ™‘” ‹
‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‹‰ –Š‡ …‘•–”—…Ǧ
–‹‘ ’”‘…‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ƒ• —…Š ‹ ‹–•
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š‰‘”ƒ•‹‹–•†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡–Ǥ‡›‘†ͳͻͻʹǡƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ
–Š‡ –‘™ ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ ‹–•
‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •…ƒŽ‡• ȋ–‡””‹–‘”›ǡ
˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†ǡ „Ž‘…ǡ „—‹Ž†‹‰Ȍ
‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ’—– ‹–‘ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ ’‡”ƒǦ
‡…‡• ƒ† …Šƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ –Š‹• …‘•–”—…–‹‘
’”‘…‡••Ǥ —’’‘”–‡† „› ƒ ‹˜‡–‘”› ‘ˆ
–Š‡ ˆ‘”• ƒ† ’”‡•‡– –›’‡•ǡ ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡
…Š”‘‘Ž‘‰› —•– „‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† –‘ •–”‡••
–Š‡‡›’‡”‹‘†•‘ˆ–Š‡—”„ƒŠ‹•–‘”›ˆ”‘
–Š‡ …‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ •‡––Ž‡‡–• —–‹Ž –Š‡ ’‘•–Ǧ
‹†‡’‡†‡…‡ ƒ† …‘–‡’‘”ƒ‡‘—•
’‡”‹‘†•Ǥ
Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š “—‡•–‹‘• ™‹ŽŽ †‡ƒŽ ™‹–Š
–Š‡ ‹’ƒ…– ‘ˆ ‰‘” ‘ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǯ•
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ ‹–• …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•
ƒ† ‹–• ’”‘Œ‡…– …—Ž–—”‡ …‘ˆ”‘–‡†
™‹–Š ”‡‡™‡† …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘
ƒ† ‹’ƒ…– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‡–•
…‘‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ ƒ† …—Ž–—”ƒŽ
—‹“—‡‡•• ˆƒ…‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹–”‘†—…–‹‘
‘ˆ ‡™ ‘†‡Ž• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ –‘
‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š ƒ Ž‘…ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹–› …‘ˆ”‘–‡† „›
‹–•Š‹•–‘”›Ǥ
 –‡”• ‘ˆ •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ˆƒ…‡•
‡™ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ ”‡ƒ”Ǧ
”ƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ Žƒ† ‘™‡”•Š‹’ ƒ’•ǡ
ƒŒ‘” •’‡…—Žƒ–‹˜‡ •–ƒ‡•ǡ –Š‡ •‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘”
‡™ •Š‘”–Ǧ–‡” ’”‘ˆ‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† –Š‡
ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ˆ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ•–‡” ’Žƒǡ
ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•ǯ‡š‹•–‹‰
ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡• ƒ† ™‹–Š ’—„Ž‹… •’ƒ…‡ ƒƒ‰‡Ǧ
‡– …‘–”‘ŽǤ ”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ †‹•”—’–• –Š‡
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ ƒ† •‡‡• –‘ ‡˜ƒ†‡ ƒ› ’”‡Ǧ
‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†Ž‘‰‹…•ƒ†…‘‘’Žƒ‹‰
–‘‘Ž•Ǥ Š‡ –‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ †›ƒ‹…• ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡†
„› –Š‡ ‡™ ‡…‘‘›ǯ• •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•
ȋŽƒ†ǡ ”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡ ƒ† –‘—”‹•Ȍ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ
•–”‘‰ ‹’ƒ…– ‘ …‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ †—‡
–‘ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ ƒ† —Ž–‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
‘’‡”ƒ–‘”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”’”‘†—…–‹‘•Ǥ‘‹‰
Ph.D. research:
Aline Hétreau-Pottier
Tutor and co-tutor:
Pierre Clément, Nathalie Lancret
Town and Environment Ph.D. , Doctoral school,
ENPC, ENSAPB.
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹… •‡…–‘”ǡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ ’‡”˜ƒ•‹˜‡ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡
•‡…–‘”ǡ–Š‡…‘•‡“—‡…‡•ƒ”‡•‡‡‘–Š‡
•’ƒ…‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ȋ…‘…‡’–‹‘•Ȍƒ†
‘ –Š‡ •’ƒ…‡• ˆ‘” ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ȋ•›Ǧ
„‘Ž•Ȍ ™Š‹…Š ‘†‹ˆ› –Š‡ ‹†‡–‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡
–‘™ƒ†‹–•–‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ
—” “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ †‡ƒŽ• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹•ǡ
–Š‡ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘…‡†—”‡•
‡‹–Š‡” ‘ —”„ƒ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ȋ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡•ǡ
‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰•ǡƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ†‡•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ
‹‘””‘ƒ†•ǡ’ƒ††›Ǧˆ‹‡Ž†Žƒ›‘—–ǡ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•ǡ
‰ƒ”†‡•ǤǤǤȌ ‘” ‘ –Š‡ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ’”‘Ǧ
†—…–‹‘ȋ†‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ”ƒ‹•‡†„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡ
ˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ •ƒŽŽ ‘” Žƒ”‰‡ •…ƒŽ‡
•’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‹‡•‹•ǡ ’ƒ•–‹…Š‡• ‘” ƒ••‹Ǧ
‹Žƒ–‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǤǤǤȌǤ
These reflections justify an analysis
across several criteria ǣ
- heritage and its representations (characterisation, evolution, paradoxal relationship between the city and Angkor,
discourse and reality);
- national and international stakes, the
stakeholders and the strategic tools
(public authorities, private investors,
international organizations, local population, experts);
- urban and architectural productions,
concept and production (situation, operation, strategy, consequence).
This research follows a methodology based on three complementary
approaches, putting into perspective
the historical and spatial knowledge
of these urban facts, of its referents
and of its representation modes :
- historical representation of types, of exogenous, endogenous, combined urban and
architectural configurations, including the
ones coming from new dynamics (layout,
plans research, historical reconstruction
if necessary, genesis and analysis of the
transformations);
- to establish a diachronic mapping and
a comparative analysis of a corpus covering more than a century of maps, plans
“layout” and “projects” , aerial photography, satellite images (integrated in a GIS);
- A series of case studies on some stakeholders representative of the phenomena
(chronology, logic and project models).
ͳͷ
Siem Reap - Invention et constitution
d’un lieu de tourisme aux portes d’Angkor
Siem Reap – Invention and constitution of a tourism location
on the doorsteps of Angkor
Tourism development outlooks following
the inscription of Angkor on the World
Heritage list gave rise to land-use planning of the territory for tourism purposes.
Tourism became a tool of the economic
revival of the country but also of its openness to foreigners. As Angkor is subjected
to strict regulations, developers favour
Siem Reap.
–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›ͻͲ•ǡ–Š‡ƒ„‘†‹ƒ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡• ™‡”‡ ‘– ƒ†ƒ’–‡† –‘ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
–‘—”‹•Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ‘Ž›ƒŽ‹‹–‡†—„‡”
‘ˆˆ‘”‡‹‰–‘—”‹•–•Šƒ†˜‹•‹–‡†‰‘”ƒ•
–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒǯ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ™Š‹…Š•–ƒ”–‡†‹
–Š‡ͷͲ•ƒ†͹Ͳ•ǡ™ƒ•‹–‡””—’–‡†„›–Š‡
Š‡”‘—‰‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡†—”‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•–
•–ƒ‰‡ȋͳͻͻʹǦͳͻͻͻȌˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡Ž‹•–‹‰‘ˆ
‰‘”ǡ Dz‡‡”‰‡…›dz ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘• –‘‘
’Žƒ…‡ǣ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ˆ‹”•– ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ Š‘–‡Ž•ǡ ‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ ƒ†
‹’”‘˜‡† ƒ……‡•• –‘ –Š‡ •‹–‡Ǥ  ‘”†‡” –‘
ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ„‘†‹ƒǯ• ‡…‘‘‹… ”‡˜‹˜ƒŽǡ
–Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ™ƒ• –‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ
˜‹•‹–‘”•„›‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰„ƒ•‹…‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡χǤ
ƒ„‘†‹ƒǯ•‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡Ž‡…–‹‘•‹ͳͻͻͺƒ†
•‡ƒ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‹ ͳͻͻͻ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡† ƒ
‡™’‘Ž‹…›„ƒ•‡†‘–‘Ž›‘“—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡
‰‘ƒŽ•„—–ƒŽ•‘‘‡š–‡†‹‰˜‹•‹–‘”•–ƒ›•Ǥ
Š—•ǡƒ•ƒ…‘•‡“—‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹ƒ‡…‘Ǧ
‘‹… …”‹•‡•ǡ ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ™‹•Š‡† –‘ †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’ ƒ ‘”‡ †‹˜‡”•‹ˆ‹‡† –‘—”‹• ‹†—•–”›ǡ
™Š‹…Š ™‘—Ž† ƒ˜‹‰ƒ–‡ψ „‡––‡” ‘ –Š‡
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
›‡ƒ” ʹͲͲͲǡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ‰‘” ƒ‹‡† –‘
‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ˜‹•‹–•ƒ†–‘…”‡ƒ–‡
ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• Dz‘–Š‡”dz –Šƒ –‡’Ž‡•Ǥ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•™‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‡†‹–‘™
‹…Ž—†‹‰…—Ž–—”ƒŽǡ•’‘”–ƒ†Ž‡‹•—”‡ˆƒ…‹Ǧ
Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ‘‡Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡•Š‘™…ƒ•‡†ˆ‘”
–‘—”‹•Ǥ ‘‡ ‡™ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ™‡”‡ …”‡ƒǦ
–‡†ǣ …—Ž–—”ƒŽ ƒ† ‡…‘Ǧ–‘—”‹• ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•
ƒ†•’‘”–Ǥ
Tutor and co-tutor: Pierre Clément, Charles Goldblum
Town and Environment Ph.D. centre, ENPC, ENSAPB.
›‡ƒ”• …Šƒ‰‡† ‹–• Dz”‘Ž‡dzǣ –—”‹‰ ˆ”‘ ƒ
Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ‹–›–‘™”‡ƒ‹‹‰‹–Š‡Dz„ƒ…•Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‰‘”dz–‘ƒ–‘—”‹•†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘
‹‹–•‘™”‹‰Š–ǤŠ‹•–”ƒ•‹–‹‘™‘—Ž†„‡
•—’’‘”–‡†„›ƒ…Šƒ‰‡‹Š‘™‹‡‡ƒ’
‹•’‡”…‡‹˜‡†ǡ„‡…‘‹‰ƒ†‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹˜‹‰
‡˜‹”‘‡–ˆ‘”˜‹•‹–•ƒ†Ž‡‹•—”‡ƒ…–‹˜‹Ǧ
–‹‡•ǤŠ‡–‘™™‘—Ž†•–‹ŽŽ„‡‹…Ž—†‡†‹
–Š‡ †‡ƒ† ˆ”‘ Dz‘—–•‹†‡dz …—•–‘‡”•Ǣ
„—– –Š‡ …‘–‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‹• †‡ƒ† ™‘—Ž†
‡˜‘Ž˜‡Ǥ‘•–—†›–Š‹•’”‘…‡••ǡ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡‹•
ƒ†‡–‘–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ–Š‡Dz‰ƒœ‡dz—•‡†‹
”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‘ –‘—”‹•ωǣ –Š‡ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ
–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ…‡‹•Dz•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›„—‹Ž–dz
„›†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘•–ƒ‡Š‘ŽǦ
†‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‘—”‹• ˜ƒŽ—‡•
•–ƒ”–• „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ Œ‘—”‡› „› ’”‘‘–‹‰
–Š‡ •‹–‡ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹ƒ‰‡• ƒ† ‡–ƒŽ
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ™Š‹…Š ˆ—”–Š‡” ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡
–Š‡ –‘—”‹•– ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ’Žƒ…‡•
ƒ••‡”–‹‰–Š‡•‡‹ƒ‰‡•ƒ”‡‡‹–Š‡”‡ŠƒǦ
…‡†‘”…”‡ƒ–‡†ex nihiloǤ
‹‡‡ƒ’ǡ–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•‹ƒ‰‡”›
•–ƒ”–• ™‹–Š –Š‡ –Š …‡–—”› ‡š’Ž‘”‡”•Ǥ
Ž–Š‘—‰Š ‹– ‹• …‡–”‡† ‘ –Š‡ „‡ƒ—–› ‘ˆ
‰‘”ǡ‹–”‡Žƒ–‡•–‘–Š‡–‘™„›Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‹‰
‹– ƒ• ‡š‘–‹… ƒ† ’‹…–—”‡•“—‡Ǥ Š‡ …‘–‹Ǧ
—‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‹ƒ‰‡• ™‘—Ž† …‘–”‹„—–‡
–‘ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
ƒ† ‰‘”Ǥ Š‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ”‡ƒ‹•
Š‹‡”ƒ”…Š‹…ƒŽ „—– †‘‡• ‘– ”‡•–”‹…– ‹–•‡Žˆ
–‘ ƒ •‹’Ž‡ ‡šŠ‹Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ǧ
Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹–‡˜‡”•—•‹‰‘”‹‰–Š‡–‘™ϊǤ›
–Š‡ ‹–”‘†—…‹‰ –‘—”‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
Ž‘‰‹…ǡ –Š‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ –—”• ƒŽ•‘ ‹–‘ ƒ
…‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› ˆ—…–‹‘ǣ ™Š‡ ‰‘”
‹• ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ› ”‡…‘‰‹•‡†ǡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
”‡ƒ‹•ƒDz•‡”˜‹…‡‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡†dz’Žƒ…‡ǤŠ‹•
‹• ™Š‡ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ƒ†‰‘”„‡…‘‡•–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”‘ˆ
–Š‡—”„ƒ…”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”–‘—”‹•—•‡ϋǤ
ƒ…‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒŒ‘” Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ
‰‘”ǡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ †—”‹‰ –Š‡•‡ ›‡ƒ”•
™ƒ• ƒ Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† •‡”˜‹…‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Š‡ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡•ƒ†ƒ‘”‡‰‡‡Ǧ
”ƒŽ ‹˜‡•–‡– …Ž‹ƒ–‡ …‘–”‹„—–‡† –‘
‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹–Š‡–‘™Ǥ–
‹••—’’‘•‡†–Šƒ–‹‡‡ƒ’‹–Š‡Žƒ•–ˆ‡™
Š‡‰ƒœ‡‘ˆˆ‡”•–Š‡–‘™ƒ‡™’‡”…‡’–‹‘Ǥ
Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†‹˜‡–‹‘Ȅ–Š‡ƒ…–‹‘
‘ˆ …”‡ƒ–‹‰ „› ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹‘Ȅ…‘…‡”•
’”‘Œ‡…–•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‹•‹˜‡–‹‘Ǥ
Š—•ǡ‹‡‡ƒ’™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‹˜‡Ǧ
–‡† ƒ• ƒ –‘—”‹• †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡
—„‡”ƒ†•…‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•
ͳ See, Ministry of Planning, First develop-
Tourism studies and the social sciences, Routledge. ͶSee. Mouhot, H. (1872), Voyage dans
les royaumes de Siam de Cambodge, de Laos
et autres parties centrales de l’Indochine, Genève, Olizane ; Loti, P. (1912), Un pèlerin d’Angkor, Paris, Calmann-Lévy Editeurs.
ment plan in Cambodia 1996.
ʹ See. Ministry of Tourism, Report on recapitulation of Tourism Year 1998-2002, 2003.
͵ See. Urry, J. (2002), The tourist gaze,
London, Sage Publications; Holden, A. (2005),
ͳ͸
Models of the cityNational Road 6
Ph.D. research: Adèle Esposito
”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽǡ ‹– ‹• …‘•‹†‡”‡†
–Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ ™‘—Ž† ‘– ‘Ž› ’Žƒ› ƒ –”ƒ•Ǧ
ˆ‘”‹‰”‘Ž‡„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒDz”‡…”‡ƒ–‹‰dz‘‡ǡ
Ž‡ƒ†‹‰–‘–Š‡…‘•–‹–—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘”•‘ˆ
–Š‡–‘—”‹•†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘όǤ
Š‡ •–—†› ‹…Ž—†‡• –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–•ǯ …—Ž–—”‡ǡ
–Š‡’”‘…‡••‡•–Š‡›ƒ”‡–ƒ‹‰’ƒ”–‹ǡ–Š‡
ˆ‘”•ƒ†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ’”ƒ…–‹…‡•Ǥ
Š‡•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•Ȅ’”‘Œ‡…–…”‡ƒ–‘”•Ȁ’”‘Ǧ
‘–‡”•Ȅ™‹–Š –Š‡‹” •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ’‡”…‡’–‹‘•ǡ
–‡•–‹ˆ›–‘–Š‡’Ž—”ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–•ƒ…–‹‰
‹ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ† –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‹‰ ‹– ‹–‘ ƒ
’Žƒ…‡‘ˆ…‘˜‡”‰‡…‡™‹–Š‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡†•–ƒǦ
‡•„‡–™‡‡’”‘Œ‡…–••—’’‘”–‹‰Š‡–‡”‘Ǧ
‰‡‡‘—•…—Ž–—”‡•ƒ†•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Ǥ
‹…‡–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•ǡ—”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–’”‘Ǧ
Œ‡…–• …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‡ƒ•
Šƒ˜‡ ‡– ™‹–Š •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‹Ǧ
…—Ž–‹‡•Ǥ–Š‡‡ƒ–‹‡’”‹˜ƒ–‡•‡…–‘”‹‹Ǧ
–‹ƒ–‹˜‡••Šƒ’‡†–Š‡–‘™ǣ–Š‡†‹•…”‡’ƒ…›
„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’Žƒ‡†–‘™ƒ†–Š‡ƒ…–—ƒŽ
‘‡•‡‡•–‘„‡ƒ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Šˆ‘”
—”„ƒ’”‘†—…–‹‘’”‘Œ‡…–•ƒ†ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡
‹…Ž—†‹‰—”„ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡–‘„‡‡Šƒ…‡†
ˆ‘”–‘—”‹•’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ–Š‹•…‘–‡š––Š‡
‡š’ƒ•‹‘‘ˆ–‘—”‹•‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•ƒ†
–Š‡‹”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”‡‡›–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰
ƒ ‹–‡•‡ —”„ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ –Š‡ ”‡Ǧ
…‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘•–‹–—–‹‰ ˆƒ„”‹…•
ƒ† Žƒ† †›ƒ‹…•Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡•‡
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• ƒ”‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ• ƒ”…Š‹Ǧ
–‡…–—”ƒŽˆ‘”•ƒ†–Š‡ˆ‘…—•‹•‘ƒ……‘Ǧ
‘†ƒ–‹‘•—…Šƒ•Š‘–‡Ž•ƒ†‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡•Ǥ
•–Š‡Ž‘…ƒŽ…—Ž–—”‡•Šƒ˜‡˜‡”›ˆ‡™Š‘–‡Ž
‘†‡Ž•ǡ–Š‡‹••—‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”…”‡ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‹
ƒ †›ƒ‹… ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ Dz‹’‘”–‡†dz
”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•ƒ†‘†‡Ž•Ȅ–Š‡‹”…‘˜‡”•‹‘
ƒ† ”‡…”‡ƒ–‹‘Ȅƒ† –Š‡ ‹…Ž—•‹‘ ‘ˆ
–Š‡ —”„ƒ ‡–‹–› ‹• ƒ††”‡••‡†Ǥ Š‡ǡ –Š‡
’”‘…‡••–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹…ŠŠƒ„‹–ƒ–‹•ƒ†ƒ’–‡†
–‘–Š‡‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡ˆ—…–‹‘‹••–—†‹‡†ƒ•
™‡ŽŽƒ•‘”‡”‡…‡–…‘•–”—…–‹‘•‡‡‹Ǧ
‰Ž› ”‡’”‘†—…‹‰ –Š‡•‡ ‘†‡Ž•Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‹–
•‡‡• –Šƒ– –‘—”‹• ˆ‘”• –ƒ‡ ’ƒ”– ‹ ƒ
™‹†‡”’”‘…‡••‘ˆƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ
ˆ‘…—•‹‰‘Šƒ„‹–ƒ–™Š‹…Š‹•ƒ††”‡••‡†ƒ•
˜‡…–‘”•ǯ •‹‰• ‘ˆ ‡™ Š‘—•‹‰ ‘†‡• ƒ•
™‡ŽŽƒ•ˆ‘”ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•Ǥ
The National Road 6 was laid out during
the colonial era. Bypassing the lake it
connects Siem Reap with Thailand to the
west and Phnom Penh to the east. When
crossing the river, the road delineates
the town as a cross. During the XXth century, it determined a linear urbanisation,
not overly dense or thick, which passed
through different stages.
The period between 1940 and 1970 was
the start of a slow process with villages
getting closer to the main communication
axis with the core concentrated near the
river. The built environment is made of
wooden houses, set back from the axis and
accessed by dirt roads
”Š‘‘†•ǡ’”‹˜ƒ–‡Ž›‹‹–‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Šƒ……‡••–‘
–Š‡ƒŒ‘”ƒš‹•Ǥ
”‘–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•ǡ–Š‹••–”‡–…Š™‡Ž…‘‡†ƒ
—„‡”‘ˆ–‘—”‹•‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•ǡƒ•‹–•
†‡•‡ˆƒ„”‹…Ž‡ˆ–”‘‘ˆ‘”ˆ‡™’Ž‘–•Ǥ‡–ǡ
Š‘–‡Ž• ƒ† ‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡• ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡† –Š‹•
ˆƒ„”‹…‘ˆ•Š‘’Š‘—•‡•Ǣ•‘‡Žƒ”‰‡”’Ž‘–•
™‡”‡ ˆ”‡‡† ƒ† Žƒ”‰‡ Š‘–‡Ž• ™‡”‡ „—‹Ž–Ǥ
––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽǡ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ
ƒ† –‘—”‹• —”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ •–”‡–…Š‡† –‘
–Š‡ ‘”–Š ƒ† •‘—–Š ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘ƒ†ǣ …—ŽǦ†‡Ǧ•ƒ…• ™‡”‡ ‡š–‡†‡† ƒ†
Š‘–‡Ž•™‡”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‹•‡™’ƒ–Ǧ
–‡”ǡƒ‹‰–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•˜‹•‹„Ž‡ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡
”‘ƒ†Ǥ–„‡…ƒ‡–Š‡…ƒ–ƒŽ›•–‘ˆ—”„ƒ‹•ƒǦ
–‹‘–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ
‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ˆƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡” ‘—‰‡
”‡‰‹‡ǡ •ƒ” ‡— ™ƒ• ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒŽ‘‰
͸‘–Š‡ˆ”‹‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ǤŠ‡‡ƒ•–‡”
’‘”–‹‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’’‡†…‘‡”…‹ƒŽˆ—…–‹‘
™‹–Š†‡•‡”„—‹Ž–Ǧ—’ƒ”‡ƒ‡…”‘ƒ…Š‹‰–‘
–Š‡ ”‘ƒ†Ǥ Š‹• ”‡’‡–‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •Š‘’Ǧ
Š‘—•‡•–›Ž‡ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•„‘–Š”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽƒ†
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽǡ ‹• ƒ‹Ž› †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ •ƒŽŽ
‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•ǡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ•
ƒ† –Š‡ †—”ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘•ǡ
…‘„‹‡† ™‹–Š ƒ ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‹ Š‡‹‰Š–•ǡ ƒŽ‹Ǧ
‰‡–• ƒ† ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‹• ˆƒ„”‹… ‹• ƒ
•–”‹’ ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ”‘ƒ†Ǥ – –Š‡ ”‡ƒ”
ƒ”‡”‘™•‘ˆŠ‘—•‡•ƒ……‡••‡†–Š”‘—‰Š…—ŽǦ
†‡Ǧ•ƒ…•ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠ‹†‡ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ
‘ –Š‡ ™‡•–ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‹”’‘”– ƒ† –Š‡ Œ—…Ǧ
–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡–‡’Ž‡”‘ƒ†Ž‡ƒ†‹‰–‘–Š‡
‰‘”ƒ””ƒ‹•‡†‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•‹–Š‹•
•–”‡–…Š ‘ˆ ͸ ˆ‘” –‘—”‹• ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—Ǧ
”‡•Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ ƒ ’”‡Ǧ‡š‹•–‹‰ —”„ƒǦ
‹•ƒ–‹‘ ȋ„‡ˆ‘”‡ ͳͻͻͲȌ ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ ƒ „ƒ•‹…
ˆƒ„”‹… ƒ† ‘ˆ …‘•–”—…–‹‘• ‹ ƒ–—”ƒŽ
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡ –Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ƒš‹• …ƒ
„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†Ǥ
Š‹• ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› ”‡ƒ…Š‡• •ƒ” ‡—ǣ –‘
–Š‡‡ƒ•–ǡ–Š‡Ž‡••†‡•‡ˆƒ„”‹…‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆ
™‘‘†‡•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•ǡ•Š‡‡–‡–ƒŽ•‹‰Ž‡Ǧ
•–‘”‡› Š‘—•‡• ‘” ‡™ Š‘—•‹‰ ‡•–ƒ–‡•Ǣ
ƒ› —†‡” …‘•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• Žƒ”‰‡
”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ȋ–Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‹• Žƒ”‰‡”
–Šƒ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǯ• …‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ …‡–”‡Ȍǡ ™‹–Š
ƒ……‡••–‘͸ǡ‹•„‡‹‰†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ•ƒ
‘”–Š‘‰‘ƒŽ ‰”‹† ™‹–Š •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•Ǥ Š‡
Š‘—•‹‰ ‡•–ƒ–‡ ‹…Ž—†‡• ƒ ƒ”‡–ǡ ƒ ’”‹Ǧ
˜ƒ–‡ —‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† –‘—”‹• ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡•ǣ‹–‹•‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡’”‡•‡––”‡†
‘ˆ …”‡ƒ–‹‰ ‡™ ƒ—–‘‘‘—• ‡‹‰Š„‘—Ǧ
Š‹• •–”‡–…Š Šƒ• •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •‡“—‡…‡•ǣ
•–ƒ”–‹‰ƒ––Š‡„‘”†‡”™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†‹‹•Ǧ
–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†ǡ –Š‡ ”ƒ† ‘–‡Ž
ȋͳͻʹͻȌƒ†–Š‡”‘›ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–”—…–‹‘•Ǥ
‡ƒ”‹˜ƒ–Šƒ–”‡‡–ǡƒ•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡ˆƒ„”‹…
‹•”ƒ’‹†Ž›•—……‡‡†‡†„›Žƒ”‰‡Š‘–‡Ž’Ž‘–•Ǥ
 –Š‡ ‰ƒ’• ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡…‡– ˆƒ„”‹…ǡ •‘‡
™‘‘†‡ Š‘—•‡• ƒ† ƒ ˆ‡™ •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•
•–‹ŽŽ”‡•‹•–™‹–Š–Š‡‹”boeungȋ’‘†•Ȍǡ„—–
–Š‡•‡ƒ”‡‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›„‡‹‰ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‹ǤŠ‡•‡
Š‘–‡Ž•™‡”‡„—‹Ž–‹–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•ƒ†„‘‘Ǧ
‡†‹–Š‡ʹͲͲͲ•ǤŠ‡ˆƒ„”‹…‹•‘™ƒ†‡
‘ˆƒ•—’‡”‹’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆŠ‘–‡Ž•‘……—’›‹‰
Žƒ”‰‡ ’Ž‘–•Ǥ ‡‡”ƒŽŽ› –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ‘”
•Šƒ’‡† „—‹Ž†‹‰ ˆ‘‘–’”‹–•ǡ ™‹–Š ƒ
‹‡” …‘—”–›ƒ”† ƒ† ƒ •™‹‹‰ ’‘‘ŽǤ
›’‹…ƒŽŽ› ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ ‹ •…ƒŽ‡ǡ ‘Ž› –Š‡
”‘‘ˆ‹‰ƒ†‡–”ƒ…‡•„‡ƒ””‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•–‘
Š‡”ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡Ȅ–‡’Ž‡•ƒ†’ƒ‰‘Ǧ
†ƒ•Ȅ™‹–Š •‘‡ –›’‹…ƒŽ …‘’‘‡–• ‘ˆ
–Š‡ˆƒ­ƒ†‡†‡…‘”„‡‹‰•–›Ž‹•‡†Ǥ
Š‹•”‘ƒ†•—’’‘”–•ƒ•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹•‡†—”„ƒ‹Ǧ
•ƒ–‹‘™Š‡”‡‡ƒ…ŠŠ‘–‡Ž–ƒ‡•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒš‹•ǡ –Š‡ •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ
™Š‹…Š ‹• ƒ‹Ž› ˆ‘” ƒ……‡•• ƒ† –‡””‹–‘Ǧ
”‹ƒŽ …‘‡…–‹‘Ǥ ‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ”ǡ –Š‡•‡ Žƒ”‰‡
Š‘–‡Ž•ƒ”‡•—……‡‡†‡†„›ˆ‹‡Ž†•ƒ†•…ƒ––‡Ǧ
”‡†™‘‘†‡Š‘—•‡•ǡ–‡””‹–‘”‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡
„‡‡‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›ƒ…“—‹”‡†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰—”„ƒǦ
‹•ƒ–‹‘‘˜‡””‡…‡–›‡ƒ”•Ǥ‘–Š‡•‘—–Šǡ
–Š‡ †‹”– ”‘ƒ†• •–ƒ”–‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ͸
Šƒ˜‡•–ƒ”–‡†–‘„‡…‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘—”„ƒ
•–”‡‡–• ™‹–Š ƒ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –Š‡ —„‡”
‘ˆ•Š‘’•ǡ‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡•ƒ†Š‘–‡Ž•ǤŠ‡•‡
ƒ”‡ƒ„•‘”„‡†ƒ†‹•‡”–‡†‹–‘‡™…‘Ǧ
’‘•‹–‹‘• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ’”‡Ǧ‡š‹•–‹‰ „—‹Ž–
‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ ‡™ ”‘ƒ† ‡–™‘” ‹•
„‡‹‰ˆ‘”‡†„ƒ•‡†‘‡š‹•–‹‰”‘ƒ†•Ǥ‘
–Š‡‘”–Šǡ–Š‡‡–™‘”‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰„—–
—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘”‡ƒ‹••’ƒ”•‡Ǥ
‘ –Š‡ ’‡”‹’Š‡”› ‹• –Š‡ ƒ„‘†‹ƒ
—Ž–—”ƒŽ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡™Š‹…Š™ƒ•„—‹Ž–‹ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ
Š‹•‹•ƒ–Š‡‡’ƒ”ǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‡…‘—–”›ǯ•
˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•ƒ†ƒŒ‘”‘—‡–•ƒ”‡”‡’”‘Ǧ
†—…‡†Ǥ–ʹͳŠ‡…–ƒ”‡•‹–‹•Žƒ”‰‡”–Šƒ–Š‡
Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ…‡–”‡‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’Ǥ
Š‡ˆƒ„”‹…‘͸–‘™ƒ”†••ƒ”‡—ǡ
̹—”‘”‡‡‰ƒœǦ‹‘”‡–ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ͷ Regarding the consideration of heritage
for tourism use, one of the focuses of this
research, see the article published in this
bulletin.
͸ See. Equipe MIT (2005), Tourismes 1, Lieux
Communs, Belin, Paris.
͵͹
Models of the citySivatha Street
Research
‹‡‡ƒ’–‘™ǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
Heritage handbook Introduction
͸
Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡™‡•–‡”•‹†‡‘ˆ‹˜ƒ–Šƒ•–”‡‡–ǡ‘Ž†ƒ”‡–ƒ”‡ƒǤ
̹Ǥ
Ž‘™‹•‹ƒ†Ǥƒ–‘ǡ™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ
At ϔirst glance, this relationship between Siem Reap and Angkor could be considered as a confrontation between a major archaeological and historical site putting
together a national symbol of international fame with a modest provincial town
dedicated to accomodating visitors. The present development of Siem Reap and its
service orientated function, would be the consequence of a kind of “tremor” caused
by the confrontation of two spaces of different natures: one archaeological, the other
an urban territory, the ϔirst dedicated to conservation, the second to economic development. Nevertheless, the clash seems also to occur between monumental heritage
—Angkor the remains of which meet the concept deϔinition of “historical monuments” and is immediately identiϔied as such—and an urban complex (that western
culture would rather characterise as a cluster of villages) which spatial qualities
and evolution of the heritage concept should help to acquire heritage status for its
different architectural, urban and landscaping values.
‹˜ƒ–Šƒ•–”‡‡–
Laid out during the colonial period on
the fringes of the Old Market and administrative neighbourhoods, Sivatha
road connects NR6 with the river and
as is exposed diagonally to Psar Chas,
breaking the continuity of the chequerpattern blocks. It divides the backfilled
“colonial” town from the “local” town,
the latter of which is still periodically
flooded
”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ƒ† —”„ƒ ˆ‘”• Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
‹ ‹–• ˜‹…‹‹–› ƒ”‡ Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—•ǣ –‘ –Š‡
‡ƒ•–ǡ ‹–• —”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ˆ‘ŽǦ
Ž‘™‹‰…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†’ƒ––‡”•Ǣ
…‘˜‡”•‡Ž›–‘–Š‡™‡•––Š‡•–”‡‡–‹•ˆŽƒ‡†
™‹–Š †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– –›’‡• ‘ˆ „—‹Ž†‹‰•ǣ ‹š‡†
ˆƒ„”‹… Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ •–”‡‡– ƒ† †‹”–
”‘ƒ†•ˆ‹‹•Š‹‰‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•ǤŠ—•ǡ‹˜ƒ–Šƒ
…ƒ„‡•‡‡ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ƒ•ƒ„‘”†‡”
„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡–™‘ˆ‘”•‘ˆ•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‘”‰ƒǦ
‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ•–Š‡DzŽ‹dz„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ǥ
Š‡…‘‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽˆ—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
„—‹Ž†‹‰•ˆŽƒ‹‰‹–ƒ†–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ•Š‘’Ǧ
Š‘—•‡ ‘†—Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡’‡ƒ–‡† ‘ ‹˜ƒ–Šƒ
•–”‡‡–‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆ‘”•Ǥ
––Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‡‹‰ŠǦ
„‘—”Š‘‘†ƒ†™‹–Š–Š‡‹’ƒ…–‘ˆ–‘—”‹•
–Š‡ ˆƒ„”‹… —†‡”‰‘‡• ƒ••‹˜‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”Ǧ
ƒ–‹‘•ǣ ˆ‘”‡”Ž› •’ƒ”•‡ ƒ† ƒŽ–‡”‡†ǡ
–Š‡•‡ ’Ž‘–• ƒ––”ƒ…– ‹˜‡•–‘”• „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡‹” ’”‘š‹‹–› –‘ –Š‡ –‘™ …‡–”‡ ƒ†
–Š‡”‘ƒ†–‘–Š‡–‡’Ž‡•ǤŠ—•ǡŠ‘–‡Ž•ƒ†
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ …‘’Ž‡š‡• Šƒ˜‡ ”‡…‡–Ž›
„‡‡ „—‹Ž–ǡ ”‡’Žƒ…‹‰ ’—„Ž‹… ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…Ǧ
–—”‡• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡ ”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡† Š‹‰Š •…Š‘‘Ž
™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• •—„•–‹–—–‡† ˆ‘” ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ •…ƒŽ‡
”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡†‡ƒŽǤ
The importance attributed to Siem Reap, justifying the creation of an observatory,
is linked to its vicinity to Angkor and also to the last 15 years of transformation,
turning it into a “space for the service” of the site as stated by Charles Goldblum.
‹˜ƒ–Šƒ•–”‡‡–ǡ™‡•–‡”•‹†‡ǡ̹Ǥ•’‘•‹–‘ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǥ
Ž‘‰ –Š‡ •–”‡‡–ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ „‘”†‡” „‡–™‡‡
–Š‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†• ƒ†
–Š‡ƒ”‡–ǡ”‡…‡––”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•‰‡‡Ǧ
”ƒ–‡ƒ—”„ƒDz„‘––Ž‡‡…dz…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‰
–‘—”‹• ƒ† …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡
‘–‡Ž †‡ Žƒ ƒ‹š ȋ„—‹Ž– ƒ– –Š‡ •‹–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ˆ‘”‡” ‘–‡Ž †‡ Žƒ ‘•–‡Ȍ ‹• ‘– ‘Ž› ƒ
’Žƒ…‡ ˆ‘” ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‹‘ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ƒ
—”„ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–› Dz•›„‘Ž‹…dz ‘ˆ ‘†‡”‹–›
ƒ†ƒ‡‡–‹‰’Žƒ…‡ˆ‘”‡š’ƒ–”‹ƒ–‡•ǤŠ‡
„—‹Ž†‹‰ ‘ˆ •ƒ” ƒ†ƒŽǡ ƒ ‡™ ƒ”‡–
ˆ‘” –‘—”‹•ǡ ”‡…‡–Ž› –”‹‰‰‡”‡† †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡– ‘ˆ ‡™ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ˆ‘”• ‹ ‹–•
•—””‘—†‹‰•Ǥ
‘ –Š‡ •‘—–Šǡ ƒ†Œƒ…‡– –‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡–ǡ
•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•Ȅ–Š‡ ƒŒ‘”‹–› †ƒ–‹‰ ˆ”‘
–Š‡…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ’‡”‹‘†ȄŠƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ†ƒ’–‡†
–‘–Š‡–”ƒ’‡œ‘‹†„Ž‘…•™‹–ŠŽƒ”‰‡’ƒ˜‡Ǧ
‡–•ǡƒ†ƒ”‡‘……—’‹‡†„›•Š‘’•Ǥ
–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹†‡ǡ‹˜ƒ–Šƒ‹•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡Ǧ
”‹•‡†„›ƒ‹š‡†ƒ††‡•‡„—‹Ž–‡˜‹”‘Ǧ
‡– ‘•–Ž› …‘’‘•‡† ‘ˆ •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•Ǥ
—”‹‰ ”‡…‡– ›‡ƒ”•ǡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ˆ‘”•
ƒ† Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ‹–› ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ •’”‡ƒ† –‘
–Š‡…”‘••‹‰ƒŽŽ‡›™ƒ›•Ǥ
Š‹•‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†™‹–Šƒ–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›˜‹ŽǦ
Žƒ‰‡ǦŽ‹‡ ˆ‘” ƒ†‘’–• —”„ƒ •–ƒ–—• ƒ†
‹˜ƒ–Šƒ •–”‡‡–ǡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› ƒ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ
ƒ”–‡”›ǡ…ƒ–ƒŽ›•‡•ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ†’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒǦ
–‡• ‹ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ ‘—”‹•
‹• …Šƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡•‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ˆ‘”•ǣ
–Š‡ „‘—–‹“—‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •Š‘’ Š‘—•‡• •–ƒ†
ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡•—’‡”ƒ”‡–•ǡ–‘—”‹•–„ƒ”•ƒ†
”‡‘˜ƒ–‡† –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ Š‘—•‡• …‘˜‡”–‡†
‹–‘”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–•Ǥ
—––Š‹•…Žƒ•Š•‡‡•–‘†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡–Š‹•
‘†‡•– Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• „‡‹‰ •™‡’–
ƒ™ƒ› „› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡
ˆ‘” ‘†‡”‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡”‡„› †‡›‹‰ –Š‹•
‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ …‘…‡’– ™Š‹…Š
‹ –Š‡‘”› •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ ’”‘–‡…Ǧ
–‹‘ …‘•…‹‘—•‡••Ǥ Š‡”‡ ™‘—Ž† –Š‡
„‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ‘ˆ ’‘™‡”ǡ
™Š‹…Š ™‘—Ž† ‘’’‘•‡ –Š‡ ‘—‡–
ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡˜‡”ƒ…—Žƒ”ǡ–Š‡Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ǡ–‘–Š‡
•ƒŽŽ “monuments”Ȅƒ–‘”ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒǦ
–‹˜‡ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• ™Š‹…Š …‘–”‹„—–‡†
–‘•–”—…–—”‹‰–Š‡’Š›•‹…ƒŽ•’ƒ…‡ƒ†–Š‡
•‘…‹ƒŽ •’ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™Ȅ–‘ –Š‡ Žƒ†•Ǧ
…ƒ’‡ǡƒ•‹ˆ–Š‡‰‘”‘—‡–•–Š‡Ǧ
•‡Ž˜‡•†‹†‘––ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹–Š‹•Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ
Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ƒ•…Š‹•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‹–‡ǯ•
–‡””‹–‘”› ƒ† –Š‡ –‘™ǯ•Ǥ  ‘’’‘•‹–‹‘
„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‘—‡– ƒ† ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›
“‘”†‹ƒ”›” Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹…Š”‡ƒ‹•—†‡”
’”‘–‡…–‡†ǤŠ‹•‹•‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‹•
‘”†‹ƒ”›Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹•‘–›‡–‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•
•—…Šǡ‘”‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†‹•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ž›Ǥ•–Š‡
–‘™ƒ†‹–•‡˜‹”‘‡–Šƒ˜‡‹Š‡”‹–‡†
•‘‡Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡•ǡ–Š‡Ž‹•–•‹–‹
œ‘‡͵ǡ…Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ’”‘–‡…–‡†…—Ž–—”ƒŽ
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ ”‘ ‡ƒ”Ž› ‘ ‹ –Š‡ ‰‘”
•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰ …ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡ ƒ› ‡š’‡”–•
•–”‡••‡†‹‡‡ƒ’ǯ•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ†ƒ†˜‘…ƒ–‡†
‹–• ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ „—– –Š‡‹” ‹–‡”‡•–• ƒ‹Ž›
”‡ƒ‹‡†…‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘‰‘”Ǥ–‹•–Š‡
’”‘š‹‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ –‘ ‰‘” ™Š‹…Š
Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‡‡†–‘’”‘–‡…–‹–ȋ„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–
‹•–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†„›–Š‹•…Ž‘•‡‡••Ȍƒ•–‘’”‘Ǧ
–‡…–‹‡‡ƒ’‹•ƒŽ•‘–‘’”‘–‡…––Š‡™‹†‡”
‡˜‹”‘‡––‘–Š‡•‹–‡Ǥ–‹•„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡
–‘™ …‘–”‹„—–‡• –‘ –Š‹• ‡˜‹”‘‡–
–Šƒ– ‹–• ‘‰‘‹‰ †‡•–”—…–‹‘ ‹• ”‹‰Š–Ž›
”‡‰”‡––‡†ƒ•ƒ–Š”‡ƒ––‘–Š‡•‹–‡ǤŠ‡‹••—‡
‹•–Š‡–‘ƒ•…‡”–ƒ‹‹ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’‹•‡–‹Ǧ
–Ž‡† –‘ ƒ ’Žƒ…‡ ƒ† ‹• ‘ˆ ‹–”‹•‹… ˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ
”‹ˆ‹–‹•†‘‘‡†–‘‡š‹•–‘Ž›‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘
–‘–Š‡•‹–‡ǡ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ƒ
„ƒ…‰”‘—†ƒ†ƒ‡˜‹”‘‡–•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…Ǧ
–‘”›ˆ‘”‰‘”„—–™‹ŽŽ‹‰Ž›•ƒ…”‹ˆ‹…‡†–‘
–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–‘ˆ‡…‘‘‹…†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ†
‘†‡”‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘ˆ”‘–‡† „› ƒ ‘—Ǧ
‡–ƒŽŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡƒ‹‘”Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡•–”—‰Ǧ
‰Ž‡•ˆ‘””‡…‘‰‹–‹‘Ǥ
Š‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ …ƒ•‡ ‹• ‰‘‘† ‰”‘—† ˆ‘”
ƒ††”‡••‹‰ ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‹••—‡• ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘‰ –Š‡•‡ǡ ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›ǡ ‹• –Š‡
†‹…Š‘–‘› „‡–™‡‡ ƒ ™‡•–‡” ˜‹•‹‘ǡ
™Š‹…Š ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡• ƒ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
™‹–Š‹ƒ—”„ƒ…‘’Ž‡šǡƒ†–Š‡™‹ŽŽ‘ˆ
‡…‘‘‹…†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹‰‘”‹‰–Š‹•’‘•Ǧ
•‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ ‡•‹†‡•ǡ –Š‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ™‹ŽŽ
…‘‡ ƒ• —…Š ˆ”‘ Ž‘…ƒŽ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•
™‹•Š‹‰–‘”‡ƒ…Š‘†‡”‹–›ƒ•ˆ”‘‹–‡”Ǧ
ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹˜‡•–‘”•ǤŽ•‘ǡ–Š‡™‡ƒ‡••‘ˆ
ƒ‹‘”Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‡‡†•–‘„‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†
‡š––‘‘—‡–ƒŽŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǥ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆƒ‡š–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘–‡…–‹‘–‘‡š–‡Ǧ
•‹˜‡–‡””‹–‘”‹‡•‡‡†•–‘„‡•–”‡••‡†ǡƒ•‹•
–Š‡…ƒ•‡™‹–Š‰‘”ǯ•ˆƒ…‹‰‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡–ƒŽ‡…‡••‹–‹‡•Ǥ
Š‹•‹•–Š‡”‡ƒ•‘ƒŠƒ†„‘‘‘–Š‹••—„Ǧ
Œ‡…– ‹• ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‹• ˆ‹”•– ‹••—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›—ŽŽ‡–‹Ǥ‹”•–Ž›ǡ–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰
Ž‡‰ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‡† •‹–‡ ‘ˆ
‰‘” ƒ† ‹–• •—””‘—†‹‰• ‹• ’”‡•‡Ǧ
–‡†ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡œ‘‹‰ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡‡–
’Žƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘” ‡‰‹‘
ȋȌǡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ͳͻͻʹǦͻ͵Ǥ Š‡
†°Ž‡ •’‘•‹–‘ †‡ƒŽ• ™‹–Š –—”‹‰ •‘‡
ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ‹–‘ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ƒ•
–Š”‘—‰Š ‘–Š‡”•ǯ ‰ƒœ‡ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –‘—”‹•–•ǡ
ƒ† –‘—…Š‡• —’‘ ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘ ‹••—‡•ǡ
‡š’‘”–‹‰ –Š‡ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ …‘…‡’–ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘
–Š‡ ˜‹•‹–‘”•ǯ ‹’ƒ…– –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡‹” •—’Ǧ
’‘•‡†‡š’‡…–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ–”‹‰‰‡”‹‰Ȅƒ•—…Š
‘ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ •‡…–‘” ‹˜‡•–‘”• ƒ• ‘ –Š‡
’—„Ž‹…Ȅƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• „‡‡ˆ‹–‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™ǡ
ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š•–‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ƒ–ƒ‡ƒ”Ž›•–ƒ‰‡Ǥ
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ Ž‹‡ ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡” ‹ ƒ •‡”‹‡•
‘ˆƒ”–‹…Ž‡•‘—–Ž‹‡•–Š‡‹˜‡–‘”›‘ˆ™Šƒ–
…‘–”‹„—–‡•–‘–Š‡•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ‹‡
‡ƒ’ ƒ† ™Š‹…Š …‘•‡“—‡–Ž› …‘—Ž† „‡
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ǡ”‡…‘‰‹•‡†ƒ†ƒ••—…Š’”‘–‡…Ǧ
–‡†Ǥ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‡š–•ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•‡Ǧ
–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ ’Žƒ‹ǯ• Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡
™Š‡”‡‹‡‡ƒ’Žƒ›•ǡ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡
”‹•‘ˆƒˆ”ƒ…–—”‡‹–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ
…‘–‹—‹–› „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •‹–‡ ƒ† –Š‡ …‹–›
–Šƒ– —…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‹‰Š–
…ƒ—•‡Ǥ ƒ•–Ž›ǡ Ž‹‡ ±”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡ ƒƒǦ
Ž›•‹‰•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š‹•–‹‰ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ–›’‡•
‹‹‡‡ƒ’ȋˆ”‘–Š‡˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡–‘–Š‡•‡ƒ–
‘ˆ ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡– ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ’”‘˜‹…‡ǡ
–Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡ ’‡”‹‘†Ȍ •‡– —’
ƒ –Š‘”‘—‰Š ‹˜‡–‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ǡ™Š‹…Š•Š‡”‡‰”‡–•
‹‰Š–„‡‘–Š‡˜‡”‰‡‘ˆ†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ…‡Ǥ
Inès Gaulis
ƒ…ƒ†‡•‡“—‡…‡ǡ
̹Ǥ
Ž‘™‹•‹ƒ†Ǥƒ–‘ǡ
™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
ͳ This protection concern is understated in
the drafting of the master plan of Siem reap
of the ARTE-BCEOM team in 1995.
͵͸
ͳ͹
Research
Models of the city
Heritage handbook
The ZEMP and the Angkor site boundaries
Following a request from the Cambodian government in the early 90s, the project to
safeguard the Angkor site was established. It was rapidly associated with the project
to inscribe Angkor on the UNESCO World Heritage list. This focused the attention of
the international community on the Angkor Siem Reap region, which then supported
the protection of the site, often with the assistance of UNESCO.
Š‡ …‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ––‡–‹‘ ™ƒ• ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›
–Š‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› …Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡† ‘—‡–• „—–
–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡”‡‰‹‘™ƒ•…‘•‹†‡”‡†‹Ž‹‡
™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ„‘†‹ƒ‰‘˜‡”‡–ǯ•‘’‡
‰‘ƒŽ•ǣ–Š‡…‘…‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘—‡–•ǯ
…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡‡…‘‘‹…†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡– Š‘’‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ǡ ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡– •–‡‡”‡† „› –Š‡ ‡š’‡…–‡† ‹…”‡ƒ•‡
‹–‘—”‹•Ǥ
Š‡•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰‘ˆ‰‘”’”‘Œ‡…–ǡ‘…‡
Žƒ—…Š‡†ǡ ™ƒ• ‘ ƒ ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž› Žƒ”‰‡
•…ƒŽ‡ǣ–Š‡—„‡”•‘ˆ”‡ƒ‹•–‘’”‘–‡…–ǡ
–Š‡•Š‡‡”•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒˆˆ‡…–‡†”‡‰‹‘ƒ†
–Š‡ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡ ‰‘ƒŽ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰
’”‘Œ‡…– ™Š‹…Š …‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ …‘’”‘‹•‡†
’”‘–‡…–‹‘ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ–Š‡Žƒ––‡”‹
”‡•’‡…––‘–Š‡ƒ–—”ƒŽǡŠ—ƒƒ†…—Ž–—Ǧ
”ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–•ǤŠ‡’”‘Œ‡…–ǯ•ƒ„‹–‹‘
™ƒ•–Š‡‹’”‘’‘”–‹‘™‹–Š –Š‡‹’‘”Ǧ
–ƒ…‡‰‹˜‡–‘–Š‡‡…‘‘‹…ƒ†…—Ž–—”ƒŽ
”‘Ž‡‹–•—’’‘”–•Ǥ
‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ’ǡ̹‹‹•–”›‘ˆ—Ž–—”‡ƒ†‹‡”–•ǡ
‹‰†‘‘ˆƒ„‘†‹ƒǦǡ‰‘”
ͳͻͻͶǤ
Zone1ǣ the monumental site (historical
monuments and archaeological sites from
the national estate);
Zone3ǣ the protected cultural landscape
(environment presenting man-made
intervention over time);
Zone2ǣ the protected archaeological
reserve (the buffer zone around the monumental site);
Zone4ǣ archaeological, anthropologic or
historic landmarks (sites located or to be
located which value can only be asserted
after studies on site);
ͳ Royal decree, May 28, 1994 (001/NS)
ʹConcerning only zones 1 and 2. For some
as the zoning covers the whole region,
they should be considered as globally inscribed on the World Heritage list.
ͳͺ
Zone5ǣ Socio-economic and cultural
development perimeter of the Siem Reap
Angkor region.
Š‡‰‘”•‹–‡™ƒ•’”‘˜‹•‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ž‹•–‡†
‘ –Š‡ ‘”Ž† ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ Ž‹•– ‹ ͳͻͻʹ ƒ†
‘ –Š‡ Ž‹•– ‘ˆ ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǥ –
™ƒ• ”‡‘˜‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Žƒ––‡” –‡ ›‡ƒ”•
Žƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‹• ‹•…”‹’–‹‘ ™ƒ• •—„Œ‡…– –‘
…‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› –Š‡ •‡––‹‰ —’ ‘ˆ
ƒ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒ† ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ’ŽƒǤ ‘
‡‡– –Š‹• Žƒ––‡” …‘†‹–‹‘ǡ ƒ —Ž–‹†‹•…‹Ǧ
’Ž‹ƒ”› •–—†› ™ƒ• Žƒ—…Š‡†ǣ –Š‡ ȋ‘‹‰ƒ†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒƒ‰‡‡–
Žƒ ˆ‘” ‰‘” ”‡ƒȌǤ ‘Ǧˆ‹ƒ…‡†
„› –Š‡ ‹–‡† ƒ–‹‘• ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
”‘‰”ƒ‡ǡ ƒ† ™‡†‡ǡ –Š‡
…‘˜‡”‡† ƒ ͷǡͲͲͲ ; –‡””‹–‘”›ǡ
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —Ž‡ ‘—–ƒ‹• –‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡
ƒ’ǡ–Š‡™ƒ•“—‹…Ž›‡Žƒ”‰‡†–‘…‘˜‡”
–Š‡ ‡–‹”‡ ‰‘”Ǧ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ’”‘˜‹…‡
ȋͳͲǡͲͲͲ;ȌǤŠ‡ƒ”‡ƒ™ƒ•–Š‡•–—†‹‡†
ˆ‘”‹–•…‘˜‡–‡†”‡ƒ‹•ǡ‹–•ƒ–—”ƒŽ‡˜‹Ǧ
”‘‡–ǡ ‹–• ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ”—”ƒŽ ƒ†
—”„ƒ•‡––Ž‡‡–•Ǥ
A decree crowned this study, dividing
the region into five distinct zones,
consistent with the different protection degrees:
Wat Bo street was laid out during the
colonial period on a former village site.
The neighbourhood adopted the name
of the pagoda located to the east. This
religious site is ancient and although
there is no information on its founding
date, one can ascertain that it dates
back to before the XIXth century. A fabric
of cross alleyways connects the street to
the west and terminates in the fields to
the east. Plots are designed with a low
built environment and village features
are kept.
Wat Bo
–Š‡ˆ‹”•–•–ƒ‰‡ǡ’”‹˜ƒ–‡Š‘—•‡•‘’‡‡†
–‘ ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‡ –‘—”‹•–•Ǥ Š‡ǡ Ž‘…ƒŽ
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ǡ Žƒ†Ž‘”†• ‘” •ƒŽŽ ‹˜‡•Ǧ
–‘”••–ƒ”–‡†„—‹Ž†‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‹‘
’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ ”‘ ƒ– ‘ –”‡‡–ǡ –Š‡•‡
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• •’”‡ƒ† –‘ –Š‡ ƒŽŽ‡›™ƒ›•
ƒ†™‡”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹ƒ•–‹ŽŽ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽˆƒ„”‹…ǡ
‘ˆ–‡”‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰‘Ž†Š‘—•‡•‘”˜‹ŽŽƒ•Ǥ
Š‡•‡ ‘……—’ƒ…› ‘†‡• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ‡™
ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ …‘Šƒ„‹–ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ Šƒ„‹–ƒ–
ƒ† –‘—”‹• ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡† …‘•–”—…–‹‘•ǡ
–Š‡ Žƒ––‡” ƒ†ƒ’–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ƒŽŽ‡›™ƒ› ƒ†
…‘—”–›ƒ”† •›•–‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•‹‰ –Š‡
ƒ”‡ƒǤ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ •‘‡ ”‡…‡–ǡ ’‡”Ǧ
ƒ‡– ƒ† –ƒŽŽ …‘•–”—…–‹‘•ȄŠ‘–‡Ž•ǡ
‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡•Ȅ™Š‹…Š’Ž‘–•†‘‘–‹…Ž—†‡
ƒ›˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ•’ƒ…‡•…Žƒ•Š™‹–Š–Š‡•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ
ƒ† ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ™Š‹…Š —–‹Ž
”‡…‡–Ž›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•‡†ƒ–‘Ǥ
—”‹‰–Š‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•ǡƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ”ƒ•Ǧ
–”—…–—”‡• •›„‘Ž‹•‹‰ ‹†‡’‡†‡–
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ™‡”‡„—‹Ž–‘–Š‹••–”‡‡–ǡ‡•’‡Ǧ
…‹ƒŽŽ› –‘ –Š‡ •‘—–ŠǤ —”‹‰ –Š‹• ’‡”‹‘†
–Š‡ˆƒ„”‹…™ƒ•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•‡†„›™‘‘†‡
Š‘—•‡•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹Žƒ”‰‡’Ž‘–•ǡ•Š‘’Š‘—Ǧ
•‡• ƒ† •‹‰Ž‡ •–‘”‡› Š‘—•‡• •‡––Ž‡† ‘
•–”‹’’‡† „Ž‘…•ǡ ˜‹ŽŽƒ• •—””‘—†‡† „›
†‡•‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•–”‡‡–ˆ‡…‹‰Ǥ
‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–‘—”‹•‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•ǣ
Š‘–‡Ž•ǡ‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡•ǡ•Š‘’•
ƒ†”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–•ˆ‘”–‘—”‹•–•
ȋǤ•’‘•‹–‘ǡʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ̹ǡǡʹͲͲͷǤ
Š‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘† …ƒ „‡ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘
–Š”‡‡ ƒ”‡ƒ• †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –›’‡• ƒ†
‘”‹‰‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ „—‹Ž– ‡˜‹”‘‡–ǣ –‘ –Š‡
•‘—–Š –Š‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ• „—‹Ž– ‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǣ –‘
–Š‡ …‡–”‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ •–‘”‡• ƒ† ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ
„—‹Ž†‹‰• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ‡ƒ” –Š‡ ’ƒ‰‘†ƒǢ
ƒ†–‘–Š‡‘”–Š’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž›†‡•‡–‘—Ǧ
”‹•‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•„‡‡ˆ‹–‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡
—”–Š‡” ‘ǡ ™‹–Š –‘—”‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ
–Š‡ •–”‡‡– „‡…ƒ‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‡–ƒš‡•ˆ‘”‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡•ǡ•ƒŽŽ”‡•Ǧ
–ƒ—”ƒ–• ƒ† –‘—”‹• ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡† •Š‘’•Ǥ
˜‹…‹‹–›–‘͸ȋƒŽ–Š‘—‰Šƒ–’”‡•‡––Š‡›
–‡†–‘•’”‡ƒ†–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡•‘—–ŠȌǤ
 –Š‡ ˜‹…‹‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–”‡‡– –Š‡ ˆƒ„”‹… ‹•
–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǦŽ‹‡ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†‹…‹”…Ž‡•
ƒ”‘—† ’‘†• ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ‹ ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ‹•
”ƒ‹•‹‰ …‘™•Ǥ ”„ƒ ƒ† ”—”ƒŽ ˆ—…–‹‘•
…‘‡š‹•–‹ƒ–‘Ǥ
…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹… ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–”‡‡– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ
†‹˜‡”•‹ˆ‹‡†‘……—’ƒ…›‘ˆ–Š‡’—„Ž‹…•’ƒ…‡
™Š‹…Š …Šƒ‰‡• †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ •‹œ‡ ƒ†
ˆ—…–‹‘•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–”‡‡–ƒ†–Š‡„—‹Ž–
‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ ƒ”‹‰ •’ƒ…‡•ǡ ’Žƒ–ƒǦ
–‹‘•ǡ•ƒŽŽ•Š‘’•ǡƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰•‹‰•ƒ†
’‘–’Žƒ–•‡…”‘ƒ…Š‘–‘–Š‡’ƒ˜‡‡–•ǡ
’”‘˜‹‰–Š‡Ž‘…ƒŽ•ǯƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡
ƒ†‘”‰ƒ‹•‡’—„Ž‹…•’ƒ…‡Ǥ
ǫǫǫ
Ͳ
‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ™‘‘†‡Š‘—•‡•
̹Ǥƒ„‘—ƒ–Ǧƒ”–‡Žǡ™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
͵ͲͲ
‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•„—‹Ž–Ǧ‡˜‹”‘‡–
̹Ǥƒ„‘—ƒ–Ǧƒ”–‡Žǡ™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
ͳ
ʹ
ͳǦƒ˜‡‡–—•‡†ˆ‘”„—•‹‡••‡•Ǥ
̹Ǥƒ„‘—ƒ–Ǧƒ”–‡Žǡ™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
ʹǦŠ‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•
̹Ǥƒ„‘—ƒ–Ǧƒ”–‡Žǡ™‘”•Š‘’ʹͲͲͶȀʹͲͲͷǤ
͵ͷ
Models of the cityPsar Leu
ƒ–‘
•ƒ”‡—
‹‡‡ƒ’–‘™ǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
‡‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘’’‹‰•–”‡‡–•ƒ”‘—†•ƒ”‡—ǡ̹ǤƒǡʹͲͲͷǤ
Following the fall of the Khmer Rouge
and the return of the population to
the towns, the Psar Chas in Siem Reap
remain unused during the entire period
of Vietnamese occupation, while new
markets were being built on the town’s
periphery: Psar Leu to the east, along
National Road 6 and Psar Krom to the
south.
 •ƒ” ‡—ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– •’‘–ƒ‡‘—• •‡––Ǧ
Ž‡‡– ‘ˆ ˜‡†‘”• ™ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† „› –Š‡
…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆƒ…‘˜‡”‡†ƒ”‡–‹ͳͻͺͷ
„—‹Ž– ‘ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•Ǥ
– ™ƒ• ”‡„—‹Ž– ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ ͳͻͻͲ•Ǥ Š‡
ƒ”‡– Šƒ• ˆ‘”…‡† –Š‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ• ‹–‘ †‡˜‡Ǧ
Ž‘’‹‰–Š‡‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†ǡ…‘‡…–‹‰‹–
™‹–Š …‘•–”—…–‹‘• „—‹Ž– ƒŽ‘‰ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘ƒ†͸ǤŠ‡…‘”‡‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆƒˆ‹”•–•–”‹’
‘ˆ ™‘‘†‡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘• …‹”…Ž‹‰ –Š‡
…‘˜‡”‡† ƒ”‡–Ǥ Š‡› …”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ …‘Š‡”‡–
ˆ”‘–„›”‡•’‡…–‹‰–Š‡…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ•–”‡‡–
ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ƒŽ‹‰‡–ǡ „› •‹‹Žƒ”
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ƒ† ˆƒ…ƒ†‡ ‘”‰ƒǦ
‹•ƒ–‹‘• ȋ–Š‡ ˆƒ…ƒ†‡ ˆƒ…‹‰ –Š‡ •–”‡‡–
‡ƒ•—”‡• ƒ”‘—† ˆ‘—” ‡–”‡•Ȍǡ „› ƒ
…‘‘”‘‘ˆ‹‰•–›Ž‡ǡƒ”‡…–ƒ‰—Žƒ”’Ž‘–
ȋ–Š‡’Ž‘–†‡’–Š‹•‘ˆͳͺ‡–”‡•Ȍǡƒ†„›
–Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒŽ ƒ† ‡š–‡”Ǧ
ƒŽ •’ƒ…‡•Ǥ  –Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǦˆŽ‘‘” ƒ Žƒ”‰‡
”‘‘‹•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ•Š‘’Ǥ––Š‡”‡ƒ”ƒ”‡–Š‡
•‡”˜‹…‡ ƒ”‡ƒ• ƒ† ‘……ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ› ƒ ˆ‡…‡†
…‘—”–›ƒ”†Ǥ Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› •Ž‡‡’• —’•–ƒ‹”• ‹
ƒŽƒ”‰‡”‘‘™Š‡”‡…—”–ƒ‹•…”‡ƒ–‡’ƒ”Ǧ
–‹–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡•‡ •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡• ƒ”‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…Ǧ
–‡”‹•‡† „› ƒ —Ž–‹ˆ—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’ƒ…‡•
ƒ† –Š‡ ˆŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ•’ƒ…‡‹•ƒŽ•‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ†ƒ‹Ž›Ž‹ˆ‡
ƒ†‹•™Š‡”‡‡ƒŽ•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ǤŠ‡•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ
†‹˜‹•‹‘•ƒ”‡†‡ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡ˆ—”‹–—”‡ƒ†
ƒ”‡ˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡Ǥ
‡›‘†–Š‡ˆ‹”•–…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ•–”‹’‘ˆ–Š‡
ͳͻͺͲ•ǡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
–‘‘ ’Žƒ…‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ †‡…ƒ†‡ ƒ†
‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› ‡…”‘ƒ…Š‡† —’‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž†•
–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡•‘—–ŠǤ–Š‡˜‹…‹‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡
…‘˜‡”‡† ƒ”‡–ǡ ”‘™• ‘ˆ Š‘—•‡• …‘–‹Ǧ
—‡† –‘ „‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ •–”‡‡–•
’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž –‘ –Š‡ Dz…‹”…Ž‡dz ‘ˆ •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•Ǥ
‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••‹–‹•ƒ‹š‡†„—‹Ž–Ǧ‡˜‹”‘Ǧ
‡– ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡…–ƒ‰—Žƒ” ’Ž‘– ‹• •‘Ž‡Ž›
ˆ‘” ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ ’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ –”‡‡–• •–ƒ”–
™‹†‹‰ ƒ† …—Ž †‡ •ƒ…• ƒ”‡ —‡”‘—•Ǥ
Š‡ ˆƒ„”‹… ‹• ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ –›’‡• ƒ† ˆ‘”•
‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹‡† •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǣ ™‘‘†‡
Š‘—•‡•ǡ •Šƒ”‡† Š‘—•‹‰ǡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹
„”‹…ǡ Š—–•ǡ ƒ‡•Š‹ˆ– Š‘—•‡• ‹ •Š‡‡–
‡–ƒŽ †‹•–”‹„—–‡† ƒŽ‘‰ †‹”– ”‘ƒ†•ǡ
…‘—”–›ƒ”†•ǡ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ ƒ† ’‘† ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ
Š‡ Žƒ–‡•– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘˜‡• –‘™ƒ”†•
†‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹–Š‹–Š‡—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡‹‰Š„‘—Ǧ
”Š‘‘†ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ…‘…‡–”‹…†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
ƒ”‘—†–Š‡…‘˜‡”‡†ƒ”‡–ƒ†ƒŽ‹‡ƒ”
‘‡ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ •–”‡‡–•Ǥ Š‹• †—ƒŽ ‘˜‡Ǧ
‡– ‡š–‡†• –Š‡ –‘™ „› …‘•–‹–—–‹‰
†‡•‡ …‘•–”—…–‹‘• ™Š‹…Š „‘”†‡” –Š‡
…‘—–”›•‹†‡–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡•‘—–ŠǤŠ‡•—”Ǧ
”‘—†‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”„ƒ‹•‡† •’ƒ…‡
”‡ƒ‹ Dz„Ž—””‡†dz ƒ• –Š‡ ˆƒ„”‹… Ž‘‘•‡•ǡ
‘ˆ–‡ ƒŽ–‡”‡† ƒ• —†‡”’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡† ’‘’—Ǧ
Žƒ–‹‘• Ž‹˜‡ ‹ •Šƒ”‡† Š‘—•‹‰• ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ
•Š‡‡– ‡–ƒŽ ƒ† •–”ƒ™Ǥ  •ƒ” ‡— –Š‡
•–”‡‡–• ƒ† –Š‡ …‘˜‡”‡† ƒ”‡– ƒ”‡ –Š‡
…‘’‘‡–••–”—…–—”‹‰–Š‡—”„ƒ•’ƒ…‡
ƒ† •–‹—Žƒ–‹‰ ‹–• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ Š‹•
–›’‹…ƒŽ —”„ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” •–ƒ†•
ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡‘–Š‡”•‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ”—”ƒŽ
‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ Š‹• Š›„”‹†‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹• †—‡
–‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆ–Š‡‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†ǣ‡™
†™‡ŽŽ‡”• ‹‰”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ‹Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡
…‘—–”›•‹†‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ––”ƒ…–‡† „› ‹–• ‡…‘‘Ǧ
‹…ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǤŠ—•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡•–‹ŽŽ•‡––Ž‹‰
‹ ƒ —”„ƒ ƒ† …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘Ǧ
‡–ǡ–Š‡›–ƒ‡–Š‡‹””‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡
”—”ƒŽ ™‘”Ž† ‹ „—‹Ž†‹‰ –Š‡‹” Ž‘†‰‹‰•Ǥ
•‘Žƒ”‰‡’Ž‘–•ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ†™‹–Š
–Š‡ †™‡ŽŽ‡”•ǯ ‡‡† –‘ „‡ …Ž‘•‡ –‘ –Š‡
ƒ”‡–ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰•‡––Ž‡‡–‹•…‘Ǧ
’ƒ…–ǤŠ‡†‡•‹–›Šƒ••–‡ƒ†‹Ž›‹…”‡ƒ•‡†ǡ
…ƒ—•‹‰ ’”‡…ƒ”‹‘—• Ž‹˜‹‰ …‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ ƒ•
–Š‡ Šƒ„‹–ƒ– ‹• ‘ˆ–‡ ‘ˆ ’‘‘” “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ†
„ƒ•‹… ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• ƒ”‡ ‹•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ǥ
”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ •–”‘‰Ž› †‡’‡†• ‘ –Š‡
”‘ƒ†‡–™‘”™Š‹…Š‹•†‹•–”‹„—–‡†ƒŽ‘‰
–Š‡ƒ‹ƒš‹•Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ –Š‡ „—‹Ž– ‡˜‹”‘‡– ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡•
–Š‡•‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•‹–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”™Š‡”‡ƒ•
–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡• •‡––Ž‡‡–• ƒ”‡
ˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡ǤŠ‹•…‘””‡•’‘†•–‘ƒŽ‘••‘ˆ–Š‡
•›„‘Ž‹…ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•’‡”–ƒ‹‹‰–‘
–Š‡ Šƒ„‹–ƒ– ‹ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–• ƒ†
ƒ ˆƒ˜‘—”‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š›„”‹†‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ˆ‘”•ϋǤ
Š‡ ‘”Ž† ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ Ž‹•–‹‰ …‘˜‡”• ƒ
‹Šƒ„‹–‡† –‡””‹–‘”› ‘ˆ ͶͲͳ;Ǥ – …ƒ
„‡ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –Š”‡‡ ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•–
ȋ͵ͷͳ;Ȍǡ –Š‡ ‰‘” •‹–‡ǡ ‹• …‘’‘•‡†
‘ˆ ƒ …‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘‡•ͳ ƒ† ʹǤ Š‡
™Š‘Ž‡ ˆ‘”• ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ‰Ž‡ ‹…Ž—Ǧ
†‹‰–Š‡™‡•–‡”ƒ†‡ƒ•–‡”„ƒ”ƒ›•Ǥ‘
–Š‡ ‘”–Š ‹• –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ œ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ƒ–‡ƒ›”‡‹–‡’Ž‡ȋʹͲ;Ȍƒ†–‘–Š‡
•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•––Š‡‘Ž—‘••‹–‡ȋ͵Ͳ;ȌǤŠ‡
†‡…”‡‡ ˆ‹š‡† ˜‹•—ƒŽ …‘””‹†‘”• ȋœ‘‡͵Ȍ
‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‹‰ ƒ Ž‹ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •‹–‡•
ƒ†–Š‡’”‘–‡…–‹‘‘ˆ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ••—…Š
ƒ• ”‹˜‡” …‘—”•‡•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡
‹‡‡ƒ’–‘™…‡–”‡Ǥ
†‡‰”‡‡ ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡– –‘ œ‘‡ʹǤ • ˆ‘” œ‘‡
ͷǡ‹–…‘˜‡”•™Šƒ–”‡ƒ‹•‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ǯ•
’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ–‡””‹–‘”›Ǥ
‘‡ͳƒ†ʹƒ”‡non aedificandiƒ†ƒ”‡
–ƒ–‡ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•Ǥ ‘‡ ͳ ‹• †‡†‹…ƒ–‡† –‘
–Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ƒ† ‡Šƒ…‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡
‘—‡–ƒŽ •‹–‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž› ƒ—–Š‘”‹•‡†
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• ƒ”‡ –Š‘•‡ ’‡”–ƒ‹‹‰ –‘
˜‹•‹–‘”‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡Ǥœ‘‡ʹ†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡– ’”‘Œ‡…–• ƒ”‡ Ž‹‹–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…Ǧ
–‹‘ƒ†‡Šƒ…‡‡–‘ˆƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
•‹–‡˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ†–‘–Š‡’”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
Ž‘…ƒŽ™ƒ›‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥ…‹‡–˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•”‡ƒ‹
„—–…ƒ‘–„‡‡š’ƒ†‡†Ǥ
ƒŽŽ’”‘–‡…–‡†•‹–‡•ǡ•’‡…‹ƒŽ’”‘…‡†—”‡•
ˆ‘” ƒ‰”‡‡‡– ƒ† ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
‡– ’”‘Œ‡…–•Ȅ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ƒ ‡˜‹”‘Ǧ
‡–ƒŽ ‹’ƒ…– •–—†› ƒ† ƒ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘Ǧ
‰‹…ƒŽ•–—†›Ȅƒ”‡’Žƒ‡†ƒ†‡‡”‰‡…›
‡š…ƒ˜ƒ–‹‘•’”‹‘”–‘–Š‡•–ƒ”–‘ˆƒ›’”‘Ǧ
Œ‡…–•…ƒ„‡‘”†‡”‡†Ǥ
Š‹• …Žƒ••‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ”‡“—‹”‡• ƒ†‹‹•Ǧ
–”ƒ–‹˜‡ …‘–”‘Ž ȋ–Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
—–Š‘”‹–› ‹ …Šƒ”‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡
”‡‰‹‘ȌǤ‹•–‡†ƒ•ƒ‘”Ž†‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹–‡ǡ
‰‘”„‡‡ˆ‹–•ˆ”‘–Š‡†—ƒŽ…ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒǦ
–‹‘ƒŽ…‘—‹–›Ǥ
‘‡Ͷ …‘…‡”• ”‡‘–‡ •‹–‡• ‘” •‹–‡• –‘
„‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ† ‹’Ž‹‡• ƒ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘
Inès Gaulis
Landscapes and networks:
a transitional heritage
During the early 1990s, the authors of
the region’s different study reports were
praising, among the numerous values
of Angkor the unique features of Siem
Reap town. They speciϔically mentioned
its paddy-ϔield environment, the charm
of the river and the vegetal case enveloping the string of traditional villages
with their pagodas, or the urban, spatial and landscape qualities of the town
centre. Experts advocated a respectful
approach to the town’s development.
It is with this objective that, as early
as 1994, the royal decree on the zoning
and the protection of the Angkor region,
included the entire rural fabric of villa-
ges and the urban centre within a protected “cultural landscape” area, from
the Angkor Park to the Tonle Sap. Legal
instruments and zone management
were then to be ϔixed.
Š‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒ”‡ƒ …‘˜‡”• ƒ ‡–™‘”
‘ˆ •–”—…–—”‡• †ƒ–‹‰ „ƒ… ’ƒ”–Ž› –‘ –Š‡
‰‘”‹ƒ ’‡”‹‘†Ǥ ”‹… ƒ† •ƒ†•–‘‡
–‘™‡”•ƒ†•…ƒ––‡”‡†”—‹•ƒ”‡–Š‡‘•–
‘„˜‹‘—• ”‡ƒ‹•Ǥ Š‡› …ƒ •–‹ŽŽ „‡ •‡‡
‹ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ‘ƒ•–‡”‹‡•Ǥ
›‡• ƒ† …ƒƒŽ• ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡–
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ‹˜‡”ǡ •–”‡ƒ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ ™‹–Š
–Š‡ ‘……ƒ•‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ‹ ’‘†•ǡ ‘—†•ǡ
‘ƒ–•ǡ ”‡‘–‡ •ƒ…–—ƒ”‹‡• ƒ† ƒ…‹‡–
‡ƒ”–Š ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•Ǥ ’‡…‹ˆ‹… ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‹•
Ž‹‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ”‡ƒ‹•
ƒ† Š‡Ž’• –‘ †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š –Š‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ
–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ› ‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ ”‘ƒ† ƒ†
Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹… ‡–™‘” ™ƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ǡ „—–
„‡…ƒ‡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› ‹˜‹•‹„Ž‡ ‘ •‹–‡Ǥ
”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›ǡŽƒ”‰‡…ƒ—•‡™ƒ›†›‡••—…Šƒ•
͸ƒ†’Žƒ‹˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡’ƒ–Š•™‡”‡ˆŽƒ‡†
™‹–Š …ƒƒŽ• –‘ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ †”ƒ‹ƒ‰‡ǡ Ž—•Š
˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ™‡ŽŽ •‡– „ƒ… †™‡ŽŽ‹‰•Ǥ
Š‡—”„ƒƒ†”—”ƒŽŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡•ƒ†–Š‡
”‘ƒ†‡–™‘”™‡”‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‘ˆƒˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‡
„ƒŽƒ…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ǡƒ
˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ…ƒ•‡ƒ††™‡ŽŽ‹‰•Ǥ
ͳ C. Goldblum studied similar processes in
South-east Asian cities, with a reflow of
the dwelling forms from village systems
towards the town. He called it the urban village. Although the context here is different,
his research is the theoretical reference for
the Psar Leu neighbourhood analysis (see.
Goldblum, C. (1987), Métropoles dAsie du SudEst Stratégies urbaines et politiques du logement, Paris, LHarmattan).
‘‘†‡•Š‘’Š‘—•‡•ƒ”‘—†•ƒ”‡—ǡ̹Ǥ•’‘•‹–‘‡–Ǥƒǡƒ–‡Ž‹‡”ʹͲͲͷǤ
‡–™‘”’Žƒǡƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘Ž‹‡±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡ̹ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ”‡ƒ•–”‡‡–™‹–Š
–ƒŽŽ–”‡‡•ǡ̹Ǥ‡‰ƒœǦ‹‘”‡–ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
͵Ͷ
ͳͻ
Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‘ˆŽƒ”‰‡‘’‡’Ž‘–•ǡ
‘……ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›„‘”†‡”‡†„›Ž‘™ˆ‡…‡•Ǥ
ˆ–Š‡†‡…”‡‡–—”‡†‹‡‡ƒ’‹–‘
‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡…—Ž–—”ƒŽœ‘‡•–‘„‡’”‘–‡…–‡†ǡ
–Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• –‘ „‡ …‘—’Ž‡† ™‹–Š –Š‹•
•–ƒ–—• ”‡ƒ‹‡† ˜ƒ‰—‡Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š •‘‡
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ Šƒ† „‡‡
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ– –Š‡ –‹‡ ƒ† ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹
•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ•–‡”’Žƒ•ǡ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•
†‹† ‘– ˆ‘…—• ‡‘—‰Š ‘ –Š‡ –‘ †‹”‡…–
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ†—”„ƒ‡š’ƒ•‹‘Ǥ
‘ƒ†ƒ†…ƒƒŽǡ̹ǡͳͻͻͶǤ
—”‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‘–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡ ƒ† ‹†‡’‡Ǧ
†‡…‡ ’‡”‹‘†•ǡ –Š‡ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ …‘’‘‡–
†‘‹ƒ–‡† ƒ† –Š‡ „—‹Ž–Ǧ‡˜‹”‘‡–
”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ–ƒŽ‘™†‡•‹–›ǤŠ‹•™ƒ•…ŠƒǦ
”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ—”„ƒ’Žƒ‹‰ƒ––Š‡–‹‡Ǥ
Ž‘‰–Š‡—”„ƒ•–”‡‡–•ǡ–Š‡”‹˜‡”„ƒ•
ƒ† ‹ –Š‡ ‰ƒ”†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ† ‘–‡Žǡ
–ƒŽŽ –”‡‡ ’Žƒ–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹‡† •’‡…‹‡•
ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡† ƒ† •–”‡‰–Š‡‡† –Š‡ ˜‡‰‡Ǧ
–ƒŽ…ƒ‘’›ǤŠ‹•˜‡‰‡–ƒŽŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡™ƒ•‹
‘•‘•‹•™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ…ƒ‘’›ˆ‘—†‹
˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡• ȋˆ”—‹– –”‡‡•Ȍ ƒ† –‡’Ž‡• ȋ‡˜‡”Ǧ
‰”‡‡ ˆ‘”‡•–ȌǤ Š‹• ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ …‘–‹—‹–›
„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡•–ǡ –Š‡ ”—”ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ• ƒ†
–Š‡–‘™–‘‡††‘™–Š‡—”„ƒˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•
‘ˆ –Š‹• •ƒŽŽ ’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡
•‡ƒ– ƒ† …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ …‡–”‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡† ƒ• ƒ ‰ƒ”†‡ …‹–›
™Š‡”‡ ‘Ž› –Š‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒǡ ‘”‡
†‡•‡ ƒ† „—‹Ž–Ǧ—’ǡ …‘–”ƒ•–‡† ™‹–Š
‘–Š‡” –‘™ ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡” ‹– ”‡ƒ‹‡†
ƒ ™‡ŽŽ ˜‡–‹Žƒ–‡† „”‡‡œ› –‘™ ƒ• ƒ†‹Ǧ
‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ„—‹Ž†‹‰•™‡”‡
Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ǡ –Š‡ Ž‘™
†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž–‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ–Š‡’”‡Ǧ
•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ† —‡”‘—• ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ǧ
Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡•…‘–”‹„—–‡–‘ƒ—‹“—‡
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ –Š‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”‹‰ ’”‡•‡…‡ ‘ˆ
‰‘” ”‡†—…‡† –Š‹• Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ –‘ ƒ ‘Ǧ
‘—‡–ƒŽŽ‡˜‡ŽǤŠ‡–‘™ǯ•Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ …‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‡Šƒ…‡† ƒ†
‡š’Ž‘‹–‡†„—–†—‡–‘ƒŽƒ…‘ˆŽ‘…ƒŽ”‡…‘Ǧ
‰‹–‹‘‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ™‹–Š‹ƒ†‡…ƒ†‡ƒ›
‘ˆ ‹–• •–”—…–—”‡• ƒ† ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒǦ
”‡†ǡ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡”ƒ’‹††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ǤŠ‡Žƒ•–ƒ•–‡”’Žƒ†‘‡•‘–
’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ›ˆ—”–Š‡”Š‘’‡Ǥ†‹––‡†Ž›–Š‡
”ƒ† ‘–‡Žǡ –Š‡ ‰‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘
ƒ† •‘‡ ‘ƒ•–‡”‹‡• ƒ† ”‹˜‡” „ƒ
’ƒ”•’Žƒ›ƒ–‘‡”‘Ž‡ǤŠ‡Ž‘…ƒŽƒ—–Š‘Ǧ
”‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡”‡…‡–Ž›•–ƒ”–‡†–Š‡‡Šƒ…‡Ǧ
‡–ƒ†–Š‡‡š’Ž‘‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‡–”ƒŽ
•‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‹˜‡”ˆ‘”–‘—”‹•’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ
—––Š‡•‡™‘”•ƒ”‡‘–•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡––‘•Ž‘™
†‘™–Š‡†‘‹ƒ–‹‰–”‡†–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡
‰Ž‘„ƒŽƒ†‹””‡˜‡”•‹„Ž‡†‡…ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡‰‡Ǧ
–ƒŽǡ Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹… ƒ† ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ Žƒ†•Ǧ
…ƒ’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™Ǥ …‹‡– …ƒƒŽ• ƒ†
’‘†• ƒ”‡ ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ †‡•–”—…Ǧ
–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ…‹‡– ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ ‘—†•
Ž‡˜‡ŽŽ‡†–‘•‡ŽŽ„ƒ…ˆ‹ŽŽǤ‘‡’”‹˜ƒ–‡„—‹ŽǦ
†‹‰• ‡…”‘ƒ…Š —’‘ ’—„Ž‹… •’ƒ…‡ ™‹–Š
–Š‡‹” ’ƒ”‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒ• ƒ† Ž‹‹–‡† ‡š’ƒǦ
•‹‘ǡ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ –”‡† ‘ˆ ’Ž‘– ƒ†
…‘•–”—…–‹‘†‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘„‘”†‡”‹‰–Š‡
”‘ƒ†•ƒ––Š‡‡š’‡•‡‘ˆ’”‹˜ƒ–‡‰ƒ”†‡•Ǥ
‹ŽŽƒ‰‡†‹”–”‘ƒ†ˆŽƒ‡†„›…ƒƒŽ•ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
ʹͲ
Š‹• ’Š‡‘‡‘ …‘˜‡”• –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡–‘™ƒ†‹–••—””‘—†‹‰Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡Ǥ
‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ™ƒ–‡” Šƒ˜‡ Ž‘•– –Š‡‹”
’”‘‹‡…‡Ǥ
Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ƒ† ι͸ …ƒ•‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹Ǧ
•‡• –Š‡•‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ —…–‹‘‹‰
ƒ• –Š‡ ‰ƒ–‡™ƒ› –‘ –Š‡ –‘™ ˆ‘” ‘•–
˜‹•‹–‘”• ƒ””‹˜‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ‹”’‘”–ǡ –Š‹•
͸ͲǦ‡–”‡ ™‹†‡ ”‘ƒ† ™ƒ• ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ› ˆŽƒǦ
‡†™‹–Š–”‡‡•ǡ…ƒƒŽ•ƒ†™‹–Šƒ•‡…‘†
˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ”‘™’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ•‹‰–Š‡•‡–„ƒ…
„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ ‹–Š‹ ƒ †‡…ƒ†‡ǡ •’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘
’”‡••—”‡ ƒ† ƒ Žƒ… ‘ˆ ‹–‡”‡•– ‹ ’”‘Ǧ
–‡…–‹‰–Š‹•„ƒŽƒ…‡†…‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ˜‡
‘˜‡”™Š‡Ž‡†–Š‹•Žƒ›‘—–ƒ†‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†’—„Ž‹…•’ƒ…‡Ǥ‹ŽŽ‡†…ƒƒŽ•ƒ†
†‡…‹ƒ–‡†˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡’Žƒ…‡†
™‹–Š ’ƒ”‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡ •–‘”ƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡ •ƒŽŽ
•Š‘’•ǡDz‹–•…Š›dz‰ƒ”†‡•ƒ†Š—‰‡ƒ†˜‡”Ǧ
–‹•‹‰ „‹ŽŽ„‘ƒ”†•Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‘…‡ …‘•–”—…Ǧ
–‹‘•ƒ”‡„—‹Ž–™‹–Š‘—–•‡–„ƒ…ǡ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ǧ
ƒŽŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡‹•†‡•–”‘›‡†‹ˆƒ˜‘—”‘ˆƒ
…‘–‹——‘ˆˆƒ…ƒ†‡”‹‰Š––‘–Š‡‡†‰‡‘ˆ
–Š‡’Ž‘–ǤŠ‹•–”‡†‹•‘™Š‡ƒ†‹‰‘”–Š
™Š‡”‡ ‹– Š‡ƒ˜‹Ž› ƒŽ–‡”• –Š‡ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘
„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–‘™ƒ†–Š‡‰‘”ƒ”Ǥ
‡–„ƒ…ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ‹ƒš‹•ǡ–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ
…ƒ‘’›†‡…ƒ›•ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒ†‹’”‘’‘”–‹‘
–‘–Š‡Žƒ†˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ‹†‡•‹ˆ›‹‰ǡ†‹˜‹†‹‰
ƒ†ˆ‡…‹‰’Ž‘–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š•‘Ž‹†™ƒŽŽ•Ǥ
‘–Š‡”ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ǯ••–”—…Ǧ
–—”ƒŽ †‡…ƒ› ‹• –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‘ƒ†
‡–™‘”Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ …‘—–”› ‘’‡‡† —’ǡ
—”„ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘……—””‡† ƒ‹Ž›
ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ –™‘ ƒŒ‘” ”‘ƒ†•ǡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘ƒ† ι͸ ƒ† –Š‡ ”‘ƒ† Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡
–‡’Ž‡•™Š‡”‡‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡”Š‘–‡Ž•
ƒ† •Š‘’’‹‰ …‡–”‡• ƒ”‡ ‘™ Ž‘…ƒ–‡†Ǥ
‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡š–‡•‹‘ ™‘”•
ˆ‹ƒ…‡† „› ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•
ˆ—”–Š‡” ‡Žƒ”‰‡† —”„ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǣ ͸ ™ƒ• ”‡•—”ˆƒ…‡†ǡ ƒ ”‘ƒ†
–‘ ƒ……‡•• –Š‡ Š‘–‡Ž ƒ† …—Ž–—”ƒŽ …‹–›
™ƒ• „—‹Ž–ǡ ƒ• ™‡”‡ ”‘ƒ†• „›Ǧ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š‡
ƒƒŽ•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡‡™–‡’Ž‡”‘ƒ†ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
Models of the cityOld Market
‡”‹ƒŽ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
The original modern urban centre
of Siem Reap was created under the
French protectorateϋ. Located to the
west of the river it is composed to the
south of the commercial area of Psar
Chas (the “old market”) and to the north
of an administrative neighbourhood.
Thus, the two functions are separated,
located in two adjoining areas. The first
planning activity was the backfilling of
the area occupied by the centre and the
street layout bordering it (1920-1930).
Despite its small scale in comparison
with other east Asian colonial towns,
some conceptions and forms pertaining
to the town planning of these towns are
similar: functional specificity, hierarchy
of the networks, gridiron plans, a neighbourhood containing large planted plots
dotted with administrative buildings
and the use of neo classical languageό.
”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž†ƒ”‡–ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘ŽǦ
Ž‘™‡†–Š‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡…‘†ƒ”›
”‘ƒ† ‡–™‘” ™Š‹…Š ˆ‹š‡† …‘’ƒ…–‡†
„Ž‘…• „—‹Ž– ™‹–Š •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•ωǤ Š‹•
Žƒ––‡” –‡”‹‘Ž‘‰› ‹• —•‡† ˆ‘” ƒ –›’‡ ‘ˆ
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ †‡•…”‹„‡† ƒ• Dz–Š‡ †‘‹ƒǦ
–‹‰—”„ƒ‘†‡Ž‘ˆ—”„ƒ…Ž—•–‡”•‹ƒŽŽ
•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– •‹ƒ –‘™•dz ȋ‹ƒ”‘ǡ ͳͻͻʹȌǤ
Š‹•–›’‡ǡ†‡•’‹–‡•‘‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•†—‡–‘
–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†–‡…Š‹“—‡•—•‡†ƒ†–Š‡
•’ƒ…‡ ‘……—’ƒ…› ‘†‡ǡ ’”‡•‡– •’‡…‹ˆ‹…
ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• •‡‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Ž† ƒ”‡–ǣ ‘„Ž‘‰
ƒ†ƒ†Œ‘‹‹‰’Ž‘–•ǡƒ””‘™ˆ”‘–•ˆƒ…‹‰
–Š‡•–”‡‡–ǡˆ—…–‹‘•‹š‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•Š‘’
‘–Š‡‰”‘—†ˆŽ‘‘”ƒ†–Š‡Ž‘†‰‹‰•‘
–Š‡—’’‡”ˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ‡”‡–Š‡›™‡”‡„—‹Ž–‰”ƒǦ
ͳ XIXth-XXth centuries explorers describe
Siem Reap as the new, the modern seat.
Colonial neighbourhood construction was like a
new foundation for this small burgh of houses
on stilts. See Mouhot, H. (1863); Bouillevaux,
C.E. (1874).
ʹ Regarding South-east Asian
†—ƒŽŽ›ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡”‡…Š†‘‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡ ˆ‘”• ƒ”‡ Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—•
„—–”‡•’‡…–ƒŽ‹‰‡–•™‹–Š–Š‡Žƒ†ǡ–Š‡
Žƒ††‹˜‹•‹‘‰‹˜‹‰ƒ…‘Š‡”‡–ƒ•’‡…––‘
–Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡Ǥ ‘’‘‡–• –Šƒ– •—””‘—†
–Š‡ ƒ”‡– ŠƒŽŽ —•‡ ƒ ‡‘Ǧ…Žƒ••‹…ƒŽ ŽƒǦ
‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ’”‡•‡– ‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ˆŽ‘‘”
ƒ ‰ƒŽŽ‡”› —‹ˆ›‹‰ –Š‡ ˆƒ…ƒ†‡•Ǥ •—ƒŽŽ›ǡ
–Š‡ •Š‘’ Š‘—•‡• ‹ –Š‹• ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†
ƒ”‡ ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ’ƒ”–• ˆƒ‹‰ ‘—–
‹–Š‡†‡’–Š‘ˆ–Š‡’Ž‘–ǣ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–’ƒ”–‘ˆ
–Š‡’Ž‘–‹•’—„Ž‹…ƒ†…‘‡”…‹ƒŽǢˆƒ…‹‰
–Š‡•–”‡‡–‹•ƒ•Š‘’™Š‹…Š†‹•’Žƒ›•‘ˆ–‡
‡š–‡†‘–‘–Š‡’ƒ˜‡‡–ǤŠ‡•‡…‘†‹•
†‡†‹…ƒ–‡† –‘ ƒ •‡”˜‹…‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘” –‘ ˆƒ‹Ž›
Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ
Š‡•‡–™‘’ƒ”–•ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡†‹˜‹†‡†„›ƒ
‹‡” …‘—”–›ƒ”†ǡ ˜‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘” –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ǯ•
˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• …‘—”–›ƒ”† …ƒ •‘‡–‹Ǧ
‡• „‡ …‘˜‡”‡† –‘ „”‹‰ ƒ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ
Ž‹˜‹‰ ƒ”‡ƒ …”‡ƒ–‹‰ …‘‘Ž‹‰ ’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ
Š‡•Š‘’‘ˆ–‡‡š–‡†•–‘–Š‡’ƒ˜‡‡–
–Š”‘—‰Š ˜‡”ƒ†ƒ• ƒ†Ȁ‘” ‰‘‘†• †‹•Ǧ
’Žƒ›•Ǥ Žƒ–•ǡ •‹‰• ‘” „‡…Š‡• „‘”†‡”
–Š‹• ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹… •’ƒ…‡Ǥ
Š‡ ’ƒ˜‡‡– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ —•‡† ƒ• ƒ ’ƒ”‹‰
•’ƒ…‡ ˆ‘” ‘–‘”…›…Ž‡• ‘” „‹…›…Ž‡•Ǥ Š‡
—’’‡” ˆŽ‘‘”ǡ ƒ……‡••‡† „› ƒ ‹‡” •–ƒ‹”Ǧ
…ƒ•‡ǡ‹•–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘””‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ—•‡Ǥ–
‹•™Š‡”‡–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›™‘”‹‰‹–Š‡•Š‘’
Ž‹˜‡•Ǥ‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡•’ƒ…‡‹–
‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆƒ—‹“—‡•Ž‡‡’‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ‘”†‹˜‹Ǧ
†‡† ‹–‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ „‡†”‘‘• ƒ……‡••‡† ˜‹ƒ
ƒ …‘””‹†‘”Ǥ ††‹‰ –‘ –Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡ •‡”˜‹…‡ǡ
‹–…Š‡ƒ†Ȁ‘”Žƒ˜ƒ–‘”›ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ
Š‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ™ƒ•
ŠƒŽ–‡† —†‡” –Š‡ Š‡” ‘—‰‡ ƒ† –Š‡
’”‘Ǧ‹‡–ƒ‡•‡ ‰‘˜‡”‡– ’‡”‹‘†•ǡ
†—”‹‰ ™Š‹…Š –Š‹• ƒ”‡ƒ ™ƒ• ƒ„ƒ†‘Ǧ
‡†Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‡ ͳͻͻͲ• ‹– ™ƒ• ”‡Ǧ—•‡†Ǥ
‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ŠƒŽŽ –‘‘
’Žƒ…‡Ǣ –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘† ™ƒ•
”‡‘˜ƒ–‡† ƒ† …‘˜‡”–‡† –‘ –‘—”‹•
–”ƒ†‡ƒ†„‡…ƒ‡–Š‡‘•–˜‹•‹–‡†–‘—”‹•–
•‹–‡‹‹‡‡ƒ’ǤŠ‡†‡…‘”ǡ‹–‡”ƒŽƒ†
’ƒ˜‡‡– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ‘……ƒǦ
•‹‘ƒŽ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–”—…–—”‡•ƒ†
‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”ƒŽ†‹˜‹•‹‘’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡‹–Š‡
ƒ†ƒ’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡•–‘‡™–”ƒ†‡
’”ƒ…–‹…‡•ǤŠ—•ǡƒ–‘—”‹•ƒ†…‘‡”Ǧ
…‹ƒŽ ’”‘‡ƒ†‡ ‹• …”‡ƒ–‡† ™Š‹…Š „‡‡Ǧ
ˆ‹–• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ …‘Š‡”‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —‹ˆ‘”
…‘’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Dz…‘‡”…‹ƒŽˆ”‘–dzǤ
•‘‡ …ƒ•‡• –Š‡ †™‡ŽŽ‡”• ”‡ƒ‹ǡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹Ǧ
‰Š–‹‰ –Š‡ ‘’’‘•‹–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ’—„Ž‹…
ƒ†’”‹˜ƒ–‡•’ƒ…‡•ǣ–™‘‡–”‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡
•Š‘’•ǡ ƒŽŽ‡›• ƒ”‡ —•‡† ˆ‘” Š‘—•‡‡‡’‹‰
ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ ˆ—…–‹‘•Ǣ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰• ƒ”‡
”ƒ‹•‡†Ǥ  ‘–Š‡” …ƒ•‡•ǡ ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽ –”ƒ•Ǧ
ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•Ž‹‡†™‹–Š–‘—”‹•ƒŽ–‡”–Š‡
–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘……—’ƒ…›‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘’Š‘—•‡•Ǥ
Š‡—’’‡”ˆŽ‘‘”„‡…‘‡•ƒ”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–ǡƒ
•Š‘’ ‘” ‹• ”‡–‡†Ǥ Š‹• ‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†
Šƒ• ƒ†ƒ’–‡† –‘ –‘—”‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǣ
•‡‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘”•ǯ ˆŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‹–› „—– ”ƒ‹•‹‰
“—‡•–‹‘• ‘ ™Š‡–Š‡” –‘—”‹• ‹• ƒ™ƒ”‡
‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž–Ǧ—’Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǥ
Š‘’Š‘—•‡•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡…‘˜‡”‡†ƒ”‡–
„‡ˆ‘”‡…‘˜‡”•‹‘ǡ̹ǤŽ±‡–ǡͳͻͻͶǤ
Š‘’Š‘—•‡•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡…‘˜‡”‡†ƒ”‡–ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
towns in the colonial period, see Culot, M. et
Thieveaud, J.M (1995).
͵ As for shop houses, see Goldblum, C. (1985), Capitales d’Asie
du Sud-Est Stratégies urbaines et politiques du
logement, Paris, GRASE, 365 p. ; Viaro. A (1992),
« Le compartiment chinois est-il chinois? » in
Les cahiers de la recherche architecturale, n.
27/28/1992, pp. 139-150.
͵͵
Research
Adèle Esposito
Architectural and urban forms
Models of the cityVegetal town
ˆ‘”ƒŽ†™‡ŽŽ‹‰•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡„ƒ•ȋǤ•’‘•‹–‘ǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ
‘ˆ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ”‡ ‘ •ƒŽŽ ’Ž‘–•
™‹–Š–Š‡‹”•–‹Ž–••–ƒ†‹‰‹™ƒ–‡”Ǥ–Š‡
‘–Š‡”•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ›
™‘‘†‡ Š‘—•‡• ƒ• ‘†‡” •–›Ž‡ ˜‹ŽŽƒ•
”‡•’‡…–‹‰ –Š‡ ’ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ Žƒ”‰‡ ˆ‡…‡†
’Ž‘–•™‹–Šƒ……‡••–‘–Š‡†‹”–”‘ƒ†Ǥ‘‡
–”ƒ…•Ž‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡‡ƒ•–™Š‡”‡–Š‡ˆƒ„”‹…‹•
‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›Ž‡••†‡•‡Ǥ
The villages spread out along the river
constitute the origins of Siem Reap.
They are made up of thin strips of houses buried in vegetation, in close relation
to water and the fields. Usually they are
accessed by dirt roads. Those clusters of
dense vegetation where water dominates, which are made of natural materials,
are accessed by dirt roads and include
ancient hydraulic infrastructures may
be called “vegetal towns”. Gradually
eaten up by urban development during
the XXth century, their traces are still
visible in the town, especially around
pagodas. These building complexes dot
the river landscape, are surrounded by
fences and often include a school.
–’”‡•‡––Š‡‡š‹•–‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ˆ‘”•‹•
–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†„›—”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ„›–Š‡
Žƒ… ‘ˆ •ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ† „›
Žƒ†ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹–Š‡•‡Ž‘™†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ
Ž‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆ‘”ƒŽ•‡“—‡…‡•
…ƒ„‡”‡…‘‰‹•‡†ǡ†‡’‡†‹‰‘Š‘‘Ǧ
‰‡‡‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ„”‹…•ƒ†–Š‡’‡”•‹•–‡…‡
‘ˆ–Š‡…‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•Ǥ
‘—–Š‘ˆ–Š‡͸ǡ–Š‡•‡ˆ‘”•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡
‡”ƒ•‡†‘”†‡‡’Ž›–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡…‘Ž‘Ǧ
‹ƒŽ –‘™Ǥ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡•• •‘‡ Š‘—•‹‰
‰”‘—’•…ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†ǤŠ‡ƒ–‘•–”‡‡–
ƒŽ‹‰‡–ƒŽ•‘–”‹‰‰‡”‡†–Š‡‹–ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ˆƒ„”‹…‹–‘‡™…‘’‘•‹–‹‘•ǤͷͲ
‡–”‡•ƒ™ƒ›ǡŽ‘™†‡•‹–›ǡ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ™‡ƒŽ–Š
ƒ†…—Ž–‹˜ƒ–‡†ˆ‹‡Ž†•ƒ”‡ˆ‘—†ƒ‰ƒ‹Ǥ
‘–Š‡•‘—–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–ǡ–Š‡™‡•–‡”
„ƒ ‹• ˆŽƒ‡† ™‹–Š ƒ –ƒ””‡† ”‘ƒ† Ž‡ƒǦ
†‹‰ –‘ Š‘ ”‘Ǥ Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ
ˆƒ„”‹…„‡…‘‡•–Š‹‡”†—‡–‘–Š‡†‡•‹Ǧ
ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž–Ǧ‡˜‹”‘‡–…Ž‘•‡–‘
–Š‡ –‘™ …‡–”‡ǡ ™Š‡”‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ –‘—”‹•
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡• ƒ”‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡†Ǥ  –Š‡ ‡ƒ•Ǧ
–‡” „ƒǡ –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘”• †‘‹Ǧ
ƒ–‡Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ„‹–ƒ– •–”‡–…Š‡• ƒŽ‘‰ ƒ †‹”–
”‘ƒ†ƒ†–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘‹•†‡•‡Ǥ
–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǡŠ‘—•‡•ƒ†‡
‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š ‘ˆ ͸ǡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ „—‹Ž†‹‰•
ƒ”‡’Žƒ…‡†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǤŠ‡›—•‡•‘‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” ‹
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ†•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘„—–
™‡”‡ „—‹Ž– ™‹–Š‘—– „—‹Ž†‹‰ ’‡”‹–• ‘
–‹›’Ž‘–•ƒ†ƒ”‡ƒ‡•Š‹ˆ–ǤŠ‡ƒ—–Š‘Ǧ
”‹–‹‡•‘’’‘•‡–Š‡•‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘•ƒ††‘
‘–ƒ…‘™Ž‡†‰‡–Š‡ƒ•“–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ˜‹ŽǦ
Žƒ‰‡•”ǣ–Š‡›™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‡–Š‡
ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’–Š‡”‹˜‡”‹–‘ƒ’”‘‡ƒ†‡Ǥ
‘˜‡”•‡Ž›ǡ–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡”‡ƒ”ǡ–Š‡‡ƒ•–‡”
’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŠƒ•˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ǤŠ‡
†‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‡–”‡ ƒ† —”„ƒ
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ‹ƒ”–‡”‹‡•ƒ”‡
ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ˆƒ…–‘”• –Šƒ– –Š”‡ƒ–‡ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ ™‹–Š Ž‘•‹‰ ‹–• …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ
‰”ƒ†—ƒŽ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘ ˆ”‘ ƒ ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ –‘™
–‘–Š‡…‘—–”›•‹†‡ǤŠ‹•™‹ŽŽŠƒ’’‡„›
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‹‰–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ•…Ž‘•‡–‘–Š‡”‹˜‡”
–Š‡ „› —’Žƒ‡† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡
ˆ‘”‡”Ž› ”—”ƒŽ Žƒ†• ™Š‡”‡ ’‡”ƒ‡–
„—‹Ž†‹‰• ƒ”‡ ‡”‡…–‡† ƒ– ƒ •—•–ƒ‹‡†
’ƒ…‡Ǥ
’ƒ”ƒ†–Š‡–‘™ǤŠ‡–™‘ƒ‹”‘ƒ†•
…”‘••‹‰–Š‡–‘™…”‡ƒ–‡†ƒ‰”‹†Ž‘…ƒ†
Žƒ† •’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‡† –Š‡ …”‡ƒ–‹‘
ƒ† ‹’”‘˜‡‡– ‘ˆ ƒ •‡…‘†ƒ”› ”‘ƒ†
‡–™‘”Ǥ Š‹• ‡–™‘” ™ƒ• ‡Žƒ”‰‡†
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡š–‡•‹‘• „—‹Ž–
™‹–Š‘—– –ƒ‹‰ ‹–‘ ƒ……‘—– –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ
…‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ – ‘……—””‡† ”ƒ’‹†Ž› ƒ•
–Š‡› ™‡”‡ •—’’‘”–‡† „› ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ‹‹–‹ƒǦ
–‹˜‡ ƒ† •’‡…—Žƒ–‹˜‡ ‹˜‡•–‡–Ǥ Š‹Ž‡
–Š‡–‘™‹•‡š’ƒ†‹‰‹‡˜‡”›†‹”‡…–‹‘
ƒ† ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‹‰ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽ
•’ƒ…‡•ǡ–Š‡’ƒ††›ˆ‹‡Ž†•™Š‹…Š™‡”‡’ƒ”–
‘ˆ –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ —”„ƒ Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ ƒ”‡
†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‹‰ ‹–‘ Žƒ”‰‡ ‘˜‡”‰”‘™ Žƒ†
ƒ”‡ƒ•ǤŠ‡ˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‡„ƒŽƒ…‡„‡–™‡‡™ƒ–‡”ǡ
˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ‰‘Ǧ
”‹ƒ Ž‡‰ƒ…› ‹• –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Ǥ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǯ•
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡™ƒ•–Š‡Ž‹„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Žƒ†ǡ
–Š‡–‘™ƒ†‰‘”Ǥ—””‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‹•Šƒ”Ǧ
‘›Šƒ•’”ƒ…–‹…ƒŽŽ›˜ƒ‹•Š‡†ǡ”‡’Žƒ…‡†
„› ƒ ’ƒ––‡”ǦŽ‡•• ‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ Šƒ”†Ž› ƒ
‰‘‘†•‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡‹ƒ–‹‡‘ˆ•—•Ǧ
–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
‡…‘†ƒ”›‡–™‘”‡š–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽ–‡””‹–‘”›ǡ̹Ǥ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǥ
Aline Hétreau-Pottier
͸†‹ƒ‰”ƒƒ–‹…•‡…–‹‘Ǥ”‹‰‹ƒŽ•‘—”…‡ȋ”‡–‘—…Š‡†Ȍǡ̹”ƒ’’‘”–Ǧǡ
Plan d’urbanisme de référence et projets prioritairesǡ‘˜ǤͳͻͻͷǤ
Tourism awareness of urban heritage
During the first years of tourism development, associated with the first national
development plan (1996-2000), the will to
prepare the Siem Reap/Angkor territory
to welcome tourists by building infrastructure and improving access was paramount
for a country emerging from a long period
of warϋ.
ƒ––Š˜‡ƒ”ȋǤ±‰ƒœǦ‹‘”‡–ǡʹͲͲͷȌ
͵ʹ
‘”‹ƒȋǤ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡͳͻͻͶȌ
‹‡‡ƒ’–‘™‹•…‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•–Š‡„‡•–
’Žƒ…‡ ˆ‘” Ž‘…ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡•‡ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•Ǥ
Š‡”‡„›ǡ™Š‹Ž‡„‡‹‰•—„Œ‡…––‘ƒ”‡ˆŽ‡…Ǧ
–‹‘‘‹–•—”„ƒƒ†Žƒ†•…ƒ’‹‰˜ƒŽ—‡•
™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ǡ –Š‡ —”„ƒ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‹••—‡ ”‡ƒ‹• ƒ•‹†‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ƒ† –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘Ǧ
…‡••‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ǡ ™‹–Š ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡
”‡“—‹•‹–‡• ‘ˆ ƒ –‘—”‹• •–”ƒ–‡‰› ™Š‹…Š
‰‘ƒŽ ‹• –‘ ƒ––”ƒ…– –‘ –Š‡ •‹–‡ ƒ• ƒ›
–‘—”‹•–•ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ—”–Š‡”‘ǡ‹–‘–Š‡
ʹͲͲͲ•ψǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡•‹ƒ‡…‘‘‹……”‹Ǧ
•‹•ǡ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘Ž‹…‹‡•…Šƒ‰‡†ǣ–Š‡™‹ŽŽ
‹• –‘ ’”‡˜‡– †‡’‡†‡…‡ ‘ ƒ –‘—”‹•
‡…‘‘› ˆ”‘ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘Œ—…–—Ǧ
”‡• ƒ† –‘ ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡ –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‹–• –‘ ƒ
Žƒ”‰‡” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ‹• –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† ‹
•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• –‘ ‡š–‡† ˜‹•‹–‘” •–ƒ›• ƒ† –‘
†‹˜‡”•‹ˆ›–Š‡‘ˆˆ‡”ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡‹‡
‡ƒ’Ȁ‰‘” ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ ‡™ Ž‡‹•—”‡ ƒ†
‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡– ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ™‡”‡ …”‡ƒ–‡†Ǥ
• ‹–‡†‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•
ʹͳ
ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ωǡ ƒ ‡™ǡ
’Ž‡ƒ•‹‰ ƒ† ƒ‡•–Š‡–‹…ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡–
„‡…‘‡•ƒ’”‹‘”‹–›–‘ƒ‡–Š‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹Ǧ
–‹‡• ”‡ƒŽŽ› †‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ƒ•‡† ‘ •–—†›‹‰
–Š‡–‘—”‹•’‘Ž‹…‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹”•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ǡ
‹– ‹• •—’’‘•‡† –Šƒ– …Šƒ‰‡• ‘……—””‡† ƒ•
–Š‡–‘™‹•ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›–ƒ‡‹–‘ƒ……‘—–ƒ†
•‘‹•–Š‡„—‹Ž–‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒ†Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡
Ž‡‰ƒ…›Ǥ Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•™‹–Š‹–Š‹•’”‘…‡••ƒ†–Š‡
™ƒ›–Š‡›…ƒ””›‘—–‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•‘–Š‡
•’ƒ…‡™‹ŽŽ„‡†‡–‡”‹‡†Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡”Ǥ
ǡ ƒ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ „‘†› ™Š‹…Š
…‘˜‡›• –Š‡ —‹˜‡”•ƒŽ †‡…Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
‰‘”ǯ•‡”‹–ƒ‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ™ƒ•Žƒ–‡–‘ˆ‘…—•
‘ƒ„‘†‹ƒǯ•—”„ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ȅƒ†‹––‡Ǧ
†Ž› ‹‘”ǡ „—– ‘ˆ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡Ǥ ‡…‡–Ž›ǡ
•’‡‡…Š‡•ϊ Šƒ˜‡ •Š‘™ ƒ –‡Ǧ
†‡…› –‘ ’Žƒ› ƒ ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ”‘Ž‡ ”‡‰ƒ”Ǧ
†‹‰ –Š‡ …‘—–”›ǯ• ™Š‘Ž‡ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ƒ†
–‘ˆ‘•–‡”–Š‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–‘ˆƒ‹•–‹–—Ǧ
–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” –‘ ’”‘–‡…– ‹–Ǥ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†ƒ•‡‹ƒ”‘–Š‡’”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—”„ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹ʹͲͲ͸™Š‡”‡
‹– ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† ‹–• †‘…–”‹‡ǣ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‰‘‡•
„‡›‘†ƒ›‹†‘ˆŽ‹•–‹‰ƒ†…‘…‡”•
–Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ –‡””‹–‘”› ‹…Ž—†‹‰ „—‹Ž†‹‰
…‘’Ž‡š‡•ǡ •–”—…–—”‡• ‘” ‘’‡ •’ƒ…‡•ǡ
‹—”„ƒ‘””—”ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–•‘ˆ”‡…‘Ǧ
‰‹•‡†˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ‡›‘†–Š‡†‹•…‘—”•‡•ƒ†
ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š’Žƒ›‡†ƒˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ
”‘Ž‡‹‰‘”™‹–Š‹–•Ž‹•–‹‰ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘…—•
‘—”„ƒŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘––”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†‹–‘
ƒ…–‹‘•ǤŠ‡‡‡†Ȅƒ•‡–‹‘‡†‹–Š‡
‹•–‹–—–‹‘ •’‡‡…Š‡•Ȅˆ‘” ƒ ‹˜‡–‘”›ǡ
”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ’‘Ž‹…› ƒ…–‹‘ ”‡ƒ‹
‹•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–ǤŠ‡‘Ž›•–—†›‘‹‡‡ƒ’
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›Ǥƒ—”‡–ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍ
™ƒ• ‘– ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† —’Ǥ Š—•ǡ Žƒ…‹‰ ‹
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…Žƒ••‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡„—‹Ž–
‡˜‹”‘‡– Ž‡‰ƒ…› ”‡ƒ‹• ƒ– ”‹• ‘ˆ
…‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ’”‡•‡–
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ Š‹• ‹• –Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡
‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ’”‹‘”‹–› ˆ‘” ‹–• Ž‡‰‹–‹Ǧ
ƒ…›Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž† ƒ”‡–ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– ˜‹•‹–‡†
–‘—”‹•ƒ”‡ƒ‹–‘™‹•ƒ‰‘‘†‡šƒ’Ž‡ǣ
–Š‡ ˆ‹”•– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ ͳͻͻͲ•
‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡† ˆ”‘ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ Š‡
‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘† ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ‡™ –‘—Ǧ
”‹•ˆ—…–‹‘•™ƒ•‹’Ž‡‡–‡†„›•‡–Ǧ
–‹‰—’•›•–‡•…‘‘–‘ƒ›–‘—”‹•
…‡–”‡ǣ –Š‡ ’”‘‡ƒ†‡ –‘ ™Š‹…Š •Š‘’Ǧ
’‹‰•–”‡‡–•ƒ†ƒ’–ǡ‡‡–‹‰’Žƒ…‡•Ȅ„ƒ”•
ͳCf. Ministry of Planning, First Socio-Economic
Development Plan 1996-2000, Phnom Penh,
february 1996.
ʹ Cf. Ministry of Tourism, Report of Tourism
Year 1998-2002 and Action Plan 2003, and
development plans 1996-2010.
ʹʹ
ƒ† ”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ– –‡””ƒ…‡•Ȅ™Š‡”‡ ƒ ‡™
–›’‡‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹•‹‰†‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ†”‡…‡–Ž›ǡ
ƒ …‘˜‡”‡†™ƒŽ™ƒ›‡˜‘‹‰ ™‡ŽŽǦ‘™
ƒ”‹•‹ƒ‘†‡Ž•ϋǤ•–Š‹•‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†
”‡ƒ‹• —’”‘–‡…–‡† „› …‘•–”—…–‹‘
‘” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š
‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽŽ› ‹– ‹• ’”‘–‡…–‡† „› –Š‡ Ȍǡ
’”‹˜ƒ–‡ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”• ƒ† …‘–”ƒ…–‡†
’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ –Š‡‹” ‘™ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ƒ† ‹–‡”‹‘” †‡•‹‰ –ƒ•–‡•Ǥ
‹–Š‹ –Š‹• ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‡–”‡Ǧ
’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ǡ –Š‡•‡ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”• ‡˜ƒ†‡
–Š‡ ƒ”„‹–”ƒ”‹‡•• ‘ˆ ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘ …”‹–‡Ǧ
”‹ƒ„›•Šƒ”‹‰•‘‡ƒ‡•–Š‡–‹…ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡–‘
’Ž‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ –‘—”‹•– ‰ƒœ‡ǣ Š‡ –Š‡ƒ–”‡ ‹•
–Š‡ …‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ƒ…–‘”•Ȁ
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ƒ††–Š‡‹”ƒ‡•–Š‡–‹…ƒŽ‹’—–Ǥ
Ž–Š‘—‰Š‡ƒ”Ž›–Š…‡–—”›…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ‡‹Ǧ
‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†• ™‡”‡ •‘Ž‡Ž› …‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ•
ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽǡ–Š‡‹”Š‹•–‘”‹…‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ™ƒ”†‡†
–Š‡ƒ‡™™‡•–‡”Ǧ‹•’‹”‡†ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—Ǧ
”ƒŽ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ††‹‰ ƒ –‘—…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡š‘–‹…Ǥ
– ˆ‹–• ™‡ŽŽ ™‹–Š –Š‡ …‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ
‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡– ˆ‘” –Š‡ –‘—”‹•–•
™Š‹Ž‡ ‡˜‘‹‰ Dz•‘‡™Š‡”‡ ‡Ž•‡dzǤ Š‡
‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•’Žƒ›‘–Š‡…‘…‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡•‡ –™‘ –‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ ƒ†
‡š‘–‹…ǡ „‡…‘‹‰ ˆ‘—†‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Dz„‡ƒ—Ǧ
–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘dz‘ˆ–Š‡‡‹‰Š„‘—”Š‘‘†Ǥ”‹˜ƒ–‡
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•™‘—Ž†–Š‡„‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘‡•
–‘ ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ–‡ ƒ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ‘ –Š‡ „—‹Ž–
‡˜‹”‘‡–ǯ• “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† –‘ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡
‹–‹–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǤŠ‹•†‹•…‘—”•‡‹•ƒ–
–Š‡ †‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘—”‹• †‡ƒ† ˆ‘”
•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ǡ Dz–Š‡ ˆ‹Ž–‡”dz –Š”‘—‰Š ™Š‹…Š
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ƒ”‡ —†‡”•–‘‘†Ǥ ”‹˜ƒ–‡
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”• ˆ‹ŽŽ –Š‡ ‰ƒ’ „‡–™‡‡ Š‡”‹Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡–Š‡‘”‹‡•…‘‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ
ƒŽ…‘–‡š–ƒ†™Š‹…Šƒ„‘†‹ƒŠƒ•‘–
›‡–ˆ—ŽŽ›Dz†‹‰‡•–‡†dzǡƒˆƒ‹Ž‹‰‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ
ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ƒ†ƒ•–‹ŽŽǦŠ‡•‹–ƒ–Ž‘…ƒŽƒ™ƒǦ
”‡‡••Ǥ  ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ˜‡—‡
‹• –Š‡ Ž‹‡Ž› ‹’ƒ…– ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘…‡’–‹‘•
‹•’‹”‹‰ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘• ‘”‹‡–ƒǦ
–‹‰–Š‡’‘Ž‹…‹‡•ƒ†‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•‘–Š‡
–‘™ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ƒ†
™Š‹…Š™‘—Ž†…‘–”‹„—–‡–‘–Š‹•…Šƒ‰‹‰
ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ –Š‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’
‹˜‡”ǡ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ǡ ‹• …‘•‹Ǧ
†‡”‡† ƒ ’”‘–‡…–‡† …—Ž–—”ƒŽ Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ ƒ•
‹–•™ƒ–‡”™ƒ••ƒ…”‡†ƒ†’ƒ”ƒ‘—–ˆ‘”
–Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘” ”‡‰‹‘
ƒ† ‹–• ‹””‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ’Žƒ ’”‘–‡…–• ƒ
ƒ”‡ƒ…‘˜‡”‹‰ƒŽ‘•––Š‡‡–‹”‡Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ
‹‡‡ƒ’…‡–”‡Ǥ‡–ǡ‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡
’”‘’’‡† —’ –Š‹• †‡…Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‡–Ǥ
‡…‡–Ž›ǡ ’”‘‘–‡† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡
ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ’”‘Œ‡…–
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‹˜‡” ƒ† ‹–• „ƒ• –‘ …”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ
–‘—”‹•– ’”‘‡ƒ†‡ǡ –‘ –”‹‰‰‡” ‡Šƒ…‡Ǧ
‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡
™‹–Š ’ƒ‰‘†ƒ•ǡ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•ǡ …‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ ‡‹‰ŠǦ
„‘—”Š‘‘†ƒ†’ƒ††›ˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ•–Š‡”‹˜‡”
™ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– •–”—…–—”‹‰ ƒš‹• ˆ‘” –Š‡
–‘™ǡ ‹– „‡…‘‡• ‹ ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹…‹‡• –Š‡
„ƒ…„‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ƒ™ƒ”‡Ǧ
‡••Ǥ•–Š‡”‹˜‡”™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘–Š‡ˆƒ˜‘—”‹–‡
‰ƒ–‡™ƒ› –‘ ‰‘” ˆ‘” –”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡”• †—”‹‰
–Š‡ –ŠǦ–Š…‡–—”‹‡•ǡ ‹–• ”‘Ž‡ ƒ• ƒ
ƒ……‡•• …‘””‹†‘” –‘ –Š‡ –‡’Ž‡• —•– „‡
’”‡•‡”˜‡†Ǥ —– ‘‰‘‹‰ ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•
”‡ƒ‹ •…ƒ”…‡ǣ …Ž‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ”‡Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
•“—ƒ––‡”•ǡ ’Žƒ–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† •–”‡‡– ˆ—”Ǧ
‹•Š‹‰Ǥ”‘–Š‡’”‹˜ƒ–‡•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•–‘
–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡’‘Ž‹…›‹•–‘
…”‡ƒ–‡ƒDzƒ––”ƒ…–‹˜‡dzŽƒ†•…ƒ’‡ǡDzƒ‰”‡ƒ–
’ƒ‘”ƒƒˆ‘”–‘—”‹•–•όdzǤŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡
ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ –Š‡ –‘’‹…ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ† ”‡ƒ‹•
–Š‡ •‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘” …Ž‡ƒŽ‹‡••ǡ ‘”†‡” ƒ†
†‡…‘”ǤŠ—•–‘—”‹•…‘‡•–‘–Š‡”‡•…—‡
‘ˆ ƒ ƒ„ƒ†‘‡† Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ• ‹– ”ƒ‹•‡•
ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•Ǥ –•
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•‡† –‘ ‡™ –‘—Ǧ
”‹•ˆ—…–‹‘•ǤŠ‘—‰Š–Š‡‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•
ƒ”‡ǯ–‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡‡š‹‰‡…›‘ˆ’”‡Ǧ
•‡”˜‹‰–Š‡Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•per seǡ„—–
ˆ‘”•ƒ–‹•ˆ›‹‰ƒ†‡ƒ†ǡ–Šƒ–‹•–Š‡–ƒ•–‡•ǡ
‘ˆˆ‘”‡‹‰…—•–‘‡”•Ǥ
͵ References are made here to the papers
delivered during the International Co-ordinating Committee for the safeguarding and
development of the Site of Angkor, as well
as from the study drafted for the Siem Reap,
JICA Master Plan (2006).
16-17, 2006 and an interview with Mr. T. Jinnai,
UNESCO Representative in Cambodia, 2007.
Ͷ See. Seminar proceedings on The preservation of Urban Heritage in Cambodia, January
͸ Source:HYPERLINK «http://www.apsara.org»
www.apsara.org
Adèle Esposito
ͷ On this subject, see, Equipe MIT, Knafou
(dir.), (2005), Tourismes 2. Moments de Lieux,
Belin, Paris
˜‹…‹ƒŽ•‡ƒ–ƒ†–Šƒ–ƒ—”„ƒ…‡–”‡™ƒ•
…”‡ƒ–‡†ǡ”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹•‘‡Dz’”‘Œ‡…–’Žƒ•dzǤ
Š‘•‡ˆ‘—†™‡”‡ƒ†‡„›–Š‡ƒ†ƒ•–”ƒŽ
‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‘Ž› ˆ‘…—•‡† ‘ –Š‡
’”‘Œ‡…– ƒ† ‡˜‡” ‡š–‡†‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡˜‹Ǧ
”‘‡–ƒŽ…‘–‡š–Ǥ
Š‡ •…ƒ”…‹–› ‘ˆ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ‰”ƒ’Š‹… †‘…—Ǧ
‡–•‘–Š‡–‘™ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‘–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡
’‡”‹‘†ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”‹†‡’‡†‡…‡‹•†—‡–‘
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ”‡ƒ•‘•Ǥ–Š‡‘‡Šƒ†ƒ……‘”Ǧ
†‹‰–‘„‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽƒ‰”‡‡‡–•ƒ†‡’”‹‘”
–‘ ‹†‡’‡†‡…‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡
†‘…—‡–•ƒ†–Š‡’Ž‘–’Žƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡…‘Ž‘Ǧ
‹ƒŽ ƒ”…Š‹˜‡• ”‡ƒ‹‡† ‘ •‹–‡Ǥ ‘•– ‘ˆ
–Š‡ †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰
™ƒ”• ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‘•‡ †‡•‹‰‡† ƒˆ–‡”
‹†‡’‡†‡…‡Ǥ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡ƒ‹Ǧ
‡† ƒ •‡…‘†ƒ”› –‘™ǣ ‡˜‡” ‹…Ž—†‡†
‹ ƒ› ƒŒ‘” –”ƒ†‡ ‹–‡”‡•–• „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡
–‘—”‹•‰”‘™–Šǡ‹–‡˜‡”—†‡”™‡–ƒ›
ƒŒ‘” ’”‘Œ‡…–•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‡™ DzŽƒ›‘—– ƒ’•dz
ˆ‘—† ȋ‘‡ ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› †ƒ–‹‰ ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡
™ƒ”ǡ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ˆ”‘ ͳͻ͸ʹȌ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ
‹‘”–‘™™Š‡”‡‡š–‡•‹‘•ƒ††‡•‹Ǧ
ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘••Ž‘™Ž›ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†–Š‡‘‡–—
•–ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ͳͻʹͲ•„—–™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›”‡ƒŽ
•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ˜‡ †—”‹‰
–Š‡ƒ‰—’‡”‹‘†ǡ‹‡‡ƒ’™ƒ•‘–
‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡•‡…‘†ƒ”›–‘™•ǯ†‡˜‡Ž‘Ǧ
’‡– …ƒ’ƒ‹‰ –Šƒ– ™ƒ• ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†
‹ ƒ„‘†‹ƒǤ Ž› ƒ ˆ‡™ ƒŒ‘” ’”‘Œ‡…–•
ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡† –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͸Ͳ•
•Š‘™‹‰–Š‡™‹ŽŽ–‘‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’
‹‡‡ƒ’‹–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆ‰‘”Ǥ—–
–Š‡•‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–• ‘ ’ƒ’‡” ƒŽ•‘ †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒǦ
”‡† ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ‡™ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ’”‘Œ‡…–•
Šƒ˜‡ •‹…‡ –Š‡ „‡‡ †‡•–”‘›‡†Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›
ƒŽƒ•–ˆƒ…–‘”…ƒ‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡Žƒ…‘ˆƒ……—Ǧ
”ƒ–‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™ǣ
–Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡ Ž‹‡ƒ” ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡• ƒ†
—”„ƒˆƒ„”‹…‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’ǡ™Š‹…Š™ƒ•‘–
…‘†—…‹˜‡ –‘ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡” •…ƒŽ‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒǦ
–‹‘ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡„‘”†‡”•‘ˆ–Š‹••’ƒ”•‡
—”„ƒ ˆƒ„”‹… ™‡”‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† ‘ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ
ƒ’• ƒ• ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ• –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ –Š …‡–—”›ǡ
–Š‡‹” ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ •‡‡‡† –‘
Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‡‰Ž‡…–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’‘‹– –Šƒ–
–Š‡› —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž› †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡† …‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›Ǥ
Š‹•‹•ƒŽ•‘–”—‡‘ˆ‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†•…ƒŽ‡•
ƒ†‹”‡…‡–ƒ’•Ǥ
ˆ–‡”–Š‡…‘—–”›‘’‡‡†—’‹ͳͻͻʹǡƒ†
–Š‡ ‹•…”‹’–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‘” ‘ –Š‡ ‘”Ž†
‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ž‹•–ƒ†–Š‡…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‹–‡”Ǧ
ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–‘—”‹•…‹”…—‹–ǡ–Š‡–‡’Ž‡•ƒ†
–Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ „‡‡ˆ‹–‡† ˆ”‘ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ƒ‹†™Š‹…Š‹…—””‡†‡™”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•
‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™Ǥ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ™ƒ• –Š‡ •—„Œ‡…–
‘ˆ •—……‡••‹˜‡ —”„ƒ •–—†‹‡• ƒ† ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ǥ —‡”‘—• ˆ‘”‡‹‰ ‡š’‡”–•
–”‹‡†ƒ–”‡‰—Žƒ”‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•–‘†”ƒˆ–ƒ•–‡”
’Žƒ•Ǥ ‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› ƒ† •‘‡–‹‡•
”‡†—†ƒ–ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‡– „‡›‘†
–Š‡ •–—†› •–ƒ‰‡ ‘” ™‡”‡ ”ƒ–‹ˆ‹‡† „› –Š‡
‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǥ † ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‡”‡
ˆƒ…‡†™‹–Š–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–›‘ˆ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰
–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽƒ††‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†”‡ƒŽ‹–›‘•‹–‡Ǥ
•‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ•ͳͻͻʹǡ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‰‘”‘‹‰
ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡‡–Žƒǡ–Š‡ǡ”‡˜‡ƒǦ
Ž‡†–Š‡•…‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‘…—‡–ƒ–‹‘‹••—‡
™Š‡ƒ‘–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡DzŽƒ›‘—–
ƒ’•dzŠƒ†–‘„‡…‘’Ž‡–‡†ǡ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž›
„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‡”‹…ƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ƒ’•‘ˆ
–Š‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ƒ†‘‡™ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›
…‘˜‡”ƒ‰‡ǡˆ”‘–Š‡—Ž‡–‘–Š‡‘Ž‡ƒ’
ȋ‹ƒ’ǡͳͻͻʹǡͳȀʹͷǡͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡…‘–”‘Ž‘ˆ
…‘Š‡”‡–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ‹‡‡ƒ’™ƒ•
–Š‡”‡…‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•ƒ‡…‡••ƒ”›…‘†‹–‹‘
ˆ‘” ‰‘‘† …‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘Ǧ
‰‹…ƒŽ•‹–‡Ǥ‡™–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒ’‘ˆ–Š‡
–‘™™ƒ•–Š‡†‡•‹‰‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘’”‘Ǧ
˜‹†‡–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—–Š‘”‹–›™‹–Š
ƒ’Žƒ‹‰–‘‘ŽǤ–•”‡•–”‹…–‡†…”‘’’‹‰‘ˆ
–Š‡ƒ’’‹‰–‘–Š‡‘”–Š†‹†‘–‡ƒ„Ž‡
ƒ Ž‹ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ’ƒ” ƒ†
†‹†‘–‘ˆˆ‡”ƒ›‰Ž‘„ƒŽ˜‹•‹‘ȋ
ǡͳͻͻͶǡ
ͳȀͳͲǡͲͲͲȌǤ •‡…‘† –‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… ƒ’
…‘…‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ’ƒ” ™ƒ• †‡•‹‰‡† ‹
ͳͻͻ͹ȋǡͳȀͳͲǡͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡•‡–™‘ƒ’•
ƒ”‡ ‹ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ …‘’Ž‡‡–‹‰ ‡ƒ…Š
‘–Š‡”„—–™‡”‡Šƒ”†Ž›’—––‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹–
™ƒ•‘Ž›‡‹‰Š–›‡ƒ”•ƒˆ–‡”ǡ•‘‡ͶͲ›‡ƒ”•
ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒ’•‘ˆͳͻ͸ʹǡ–Šƒ–
ƒ–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒ’…‘˜‡”‹‰–Š‡–‘™ƒ†
–Š‡ ƒ” ’”‡•‡–‹‰ ƒ Š‘‘‰‡‘—• ƒ†
…‘’Ž‡–‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ˜‹•‹‘™ƒ•†‡•‹‰‡†Ǥ
‡––Š‡•‡DzŽƒ›‘—–dz’Žƒ••‡‡‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡
„‡‡‹…Ž—†‡†ƒ•–‘‘Ž•„›–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǧ
ƒŽ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ –‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ
’Žƒ‹‰Ǥ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ —•‡”• Šƒ† –‘ —•‡ ƒ
‘–ƒ‰‡‘ˆƒ’•‘ˆ†‹•–‹…–‹˜‡•‹œ‡•ƒ†
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’‡”‹‘†• –‘ …‘’”‡Š‡† –Š‡
™Š‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹–‡Ǥ Š‹• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡ ‹ –Š‡
…”‘’’‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’• ™ƒ• ’ƒ”–Ž› †—‡ –‘
–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰†‹…Š‘–‘›„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–‘™
ƒ†–Š‡’ƒ”„—––Š‡…‘–‹—ƒŽ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‹•
…”‘’ƒŽ•‘…‘–”‹„—–‡†–‘’‡”’‡–—ƒ–‡–Š‹•
†‹…Š‘–‘›Ǥ Š‡•‡ ƒ’• •–‹ŽŽ ‡ƒ„Ž‡†
–Š‡‘‹–‘”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡†›ƒ‹…‘ˆ—”„ƒ
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‡˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡Žƒ––‡”ƒ†˜ƒ…‡†
‘”‡ ”ƒ’‹†Ž› –Šƒ –Š‡ —’†ƒ–‹‰ ‘” –Š‡
’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡™ƒ’•Ǥ
–Š‡ ‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ›•–‡
™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ǯ ƒ……——Žƒ–‡† †ƒ–ƒ
‘–Š‡–‘™ƒ†–Š‡•‹–‡‘ˆ‰‘”ǤŠ‡•‡
’Žƒ–ˆ‘”• •Š‘—Ž† ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž
…‘’”‡Š‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’Š›•‹…ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ
–Š‡ —”„ƒ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ ƒ† ‘ˆ ‹–• ‡˜‘ŽǦ
—–‹‘ǡ „—– ‹– ‹• †‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž– –‘ ƒ••‡•• Š‘™
–Š‡›ƒ”‡—•‡†ƒ•ƒ•’ƒ…‡…‘–”‘ŽŽ‹‰–‘‘ŽǤ
Š‡‹” ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ† ‡š‹•–‡…‡ ”‡ƒ‹
…‘ˆ‹†‡–‹ƒŽǤ ‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ‹• –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ –Š‡
†‘…—‡–• …‘ŽŽ‡…–‡† ’”‡•‡–Ž› †‘ ‘–
‡–‹‘ ƒ› …ƒ†ƒ•–”ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ Žƒ† ‘‡•Ǥ ‹–Š‡” ƒ …ƒ—•‡ ‘”
…‘•‡“—‡…‡ǡ†‡•’‹–‡Žƒ†‹••—‡•ƒ†–Š‡
”ƒ’‹†‹–›‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡’ƒ•––‡
›‡ƒ”•ǡ‘†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†’Žƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‡–‹”‡–‘™
Šƒ•„‡‡‘”†‡”‡†‘”’”‘†—…‡†‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡
•…ƒŽ‡ȋͳȀʹǡͲͲͲ‡‘”ͳȀͷǡͲͲͲ‡ȌǨ
–Š‡”ƒ’•ƒ†’Žƒ•™‡”‡‹˜‡–‘”‹‡†
ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡‹–Š‡…‘”’—•ǡ†‡•‹‰‡†
„› –Š‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ •–ƒ‡Š‘ŽǦ
†‡”• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ –‘—”‹• •‹…‡ –Š‡ ͻͲ•Ǥ
Ž–Š‘—‰Š‹‡‡ƒ’‹•—†‡”‰‘‹‰ƒ’”‘Ǧ
ˆ‘—† …Šƒ‰‡ǡ –Š‡ ”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘ ’”‡•‡–‡†
„› –Š‡•‡ †‘…—‡–• •‡‡ –‘ •–”ƒ‰‡Ž›
”‡ƒ‹ •–—… ‹ –Š‡ –‘™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ•
Ž‹‹–• ƒ†ǡ „‡›‘†ǡ –‘ ƒ ‹†›ŽŽ‹… ”—”ƒŽ
‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘
DzŽƒ›‘—– ƒ’•dz ƒ† ˆ”‘ Dz’”‘Œ‡…– ƒ’•dzǡ
–Š‡› …‘—Ž† …Žƒ••‹ˆ› ƒ• Dz’”‘†—…– ƒ’•dz
ƒ• ’”‘†—…‡† „› –Š‡ –‘—”‹• ‹†—•–”›
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ …‘•—‡”‹•– •–”ƒ–‡‰›ǣ –Š‡•‡
ƒ’• †‘ ‘– ”‡’”‡•‡– ™Šƒ– ‹• ‘ •‹–‡ǡ
–Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ „‡…‘‡ ƒ ’”‘Œ‡…–‡† ‹ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ
‹‡ ‡ƒ’Ǥ ‹…‡ ͳͻͻʹ –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡
…‘–‹—‘—•Ž›”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰–Š‡–™‘•ƒ‡
‹ƒ‰‡•ǣ–Š‡‰‘”ƒ’‘Ž›”‡’”‡•‡–•
–Š‡–‘™ƒ•ƒ•ƒŽŽ”‡…–ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ––Š‡Œ—…Ǧ
–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘”‘ƒ†ƒš‹•ǡƒ†–Š‡‹‡
‡ƒ’ ƒ’ ”‡ˆŽ‡…–• ƒ ’‹…–—”‡ –Šƒ– …‘—Ž†
„‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ͳͻ͵Ͳ•™Š‡”‡–Š‡‘Ž›˜‹…‹‹Ǧ
–‹‡•‹†‹…ƒ–‡†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™–Š‡‡š–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
Š‘–‡Ž•ƒŽ‘‰͸Ǥ
Aline Hétreau-Pottier
‹…‡ ͳͻͻʹ –Š‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ”‡‰‹‘ Šƒ•
”‡ƒ…Š‡† ƒ —’”‡…‡†‡–‡† Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ …ƒ”Ǧ
–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ –Šƒ• –‘ –‘’‘Ǧ
‰”ƒ’Š‹… ™‘”• ƒ† †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ ƒ†
•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ …‘˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ‘ˆ
–Š‡‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…”‡ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž–Ǧ—’
ƒ”‡ƒƒ”‡ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—ŽŽ›”‡…‘”†‡†ǡ–Š‡‹”Dz‘„Œ‡…Ǧ
–‹˜‹–›dz Žƒ…• “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ ‘ •‹–‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒǦ
–‹‘ȋ–‘’‘›•ǡ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡–™‘”•ǡ‡–…ǤȌ
–Šƒ– ™‡”‡ ƒ„—†ƒ– ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› –Š
…‡–—”› ƒ’•Ǥ Š‹• lacunae ‡‡†• –‘ „‡
ƒ††”‡••‡† „› „”‹‰‹‰ ‹–‘ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ —•‡
͵ͳ
‰‘” Dz…‘•—‡”•dzǤ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† –‘’‘Ǧ
‰”ƒ’Š› …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› –Š‡ ȋ•–‹–—–
±‘‰”ƒ’Š‹“—‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ ”‡…Š ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… •–‹–—–‡Ȍ ‹ ͳͻ͸ʹ ‘ˆ –Š‡
™Š‘Ž‡ƒ”‡ƒ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡–‘™ƒŽ•‘ƒ†‡
ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– …‘–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ ‡ƒŽ‹•‡† ˆ‘”
ƒ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ƒ–Žƒ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘
™Š‹…Š ™‹ŽŽ ‡˜‡” „‡ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ǡ –Š‡ ƒ’•”‡ƒ‹‡†•‡…”‡–ˆ‘”͵Ͳ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ
Siemréapǡ‡ˆ‡•‡ƒ’’‹‰‰‡…›ƒ•Š‹‰–‘ǡ
‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…‡’ƒ”–‡–ǤǤǤǤǡͳͻ͹ͳǡͳȀͷͲͲͲͲ‡Ǥ
‹–Š–Š‡‹†‡’‡†‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘—–”›‹
ͳͻͷ͵ǡ–Š‡ƒ…–‘”•…Šƒ‰‡†„—– –Š‡…ƒ””›Ǧ
‘ ‡ˆˆ‡…–• ”‡ƒ‹‡† ‘†‡•– ƒ• ”‡…Š
–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ƒ‹† …‘–‹—‡† ™‘”‹‰ ™‹–Š
–Š‡‡™Ž‘…ƒŽƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ–™ƒ•‘Ž›
™Š‡ –Š‡ ‡”‹…ƒ ƒ”› …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‡†
™‹–Š–Š‡
‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…‡”˜‹…‡‘ˆ–Š‡
ȋ‘›ƒŽŠ‡””‡†‘”…‡•Ȍ‹–Š‡‹†
͸Ͳ•–Šƒ––Š‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ƒ’•ǯ•…ƒŽ‡Œ—’‡†
ˆ”‘ ͳȀͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ –‘ ͳȀͷͲǡͲͲͲǤ ‘™ ƒ†
•‹–‡…‘’”‡Š‡•‹‘”‡ƒ‹‡†—…Šƒ‰‡†
‘˜‡”ƒŽŽƒ†–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•˜‡”•‹‘•†‡’‹…–‡†
ƒ‘”‡ƒ……—”ƒ–‡†‡•…”‹’–‹‘Ǥ–‹•†‘—„–ˆ—Ž
–Šƒ– •‘‡ ‰‡—‹‡ Dz’”‘Œ‡…– ’Žƒ•dz ‡š‹•Ǧ
–‡††—”‹‰–Š‡†”ƒƒ–‹…’‡”‹‘†•–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽǦ
Ž‘™‡†™Š‡–Š‡–‘™™ƒ••—””‘—†‡†„›
–Š‡Š‡”‘—‰‡ƒ†™Š‡‹–™ƒ•‡’Ǧ
–‹‡†‘ˆ‹–•’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‹ͳͻ͹ͷǤͳͻͺͲ–Š‡
…ƒ†ƒ•–”ƒŽƒ†‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ†‡’ƒ”–‡–•
™‡”‡ ”‡Ǧˆ‘”‡† ™‹–Š ‹‡–ƒ‡•‡ …‘ŽŽƒǦ
„‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ ’”‘†—…–‹‘
™ƒ•”‡•–”‹…–‡†–‘”‡Ǧ—•‹‰–Š‡‡”‹…ƒ
ƒ’•ǡ –Š‘•‡ †‡•‹‰‡† ™‹–Š ‹‡–ƒ‡•‡
–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ •—’’‘”– –‡•–‹ˆ‹‡† –‘ –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡•
‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘• …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ‹ –Š‡
–‘™ˆ‘”•–”ƒ–‡‰‹…’—”’‘•‡•Ǥƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž›
ƒ DzŽƒ›‘—–dz ƒ’ ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† ƒ– ͳȀͳͲǡͲͲͲ
•…ƒŽ‡ …‘˜‡”‹‰ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ† ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ‹–•
’‡”‹’Š‡”› ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‹”’‘”– ƒ†
‰‘” ƒ–ǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ‡™ †‡ˆ‡Ǧ
•‹˜‡•›•–‡™Š‹…ŠŽ‡†–‘–Š‡•‘—–Š‘ˆ–Š‡
–‡’Ž‡ǤŠ‹•ƒ’™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‡™
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘…—•‹‰‘–Š‡–‘™Ǥ
”‡…Š …‘Ž‘‹•‡”• ’”‘†—…‡† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ …‹–›
ƒ’•‘ˆ†‘…Š‹ƒƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š…‡–—”›™Š‡–Š‡•‡…‹–‹‡•™‡”‡‰”ƒǦ
†—ƒŽŽ› ƒ††‡† –‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ •›•Ǧ
–‡„—–‹‡‡ƒ’†‹†‘–•‡‡–‘Šƒ˜‡
„‡‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡Ǥ – —•– „‡ •ƒ‹† –Šƒ–
‡ƒ”Ž› ‹ –Š‡ –Š …‡–—”›ǡ –Š‡ –‘™ †‹†
‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ›—”„ƒˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•„—–’”‡•‡Ǧ
–‡† ƒ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ …‘ˆ‹‰—Ǧ
”ƒ–‹‘ƒ…Š‘”‡†‘ƒ‰‘”‹ƒ•‡––Ž‡‡–
–”ƒ…‡• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ …‹–ƒ†‡Ž •–‘‘† ‘—–Ǥ – ‹•
‘Ž›ˆ”‘–Š‡™‡–‹‡•–Šƒ––Š‡™‹ŽŽˆ‘”
—”„ƒ‹–›„‡…ƒ‡‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ‘”–Š‹•’”‘Ǧ
‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒ’ˆ‘”‰‘””…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
”‡ƒ–Š‡‹‡‡ƒ’”‡‰‹‘
‘ˆ–Š‡‹‰†‘‘ˆƒ„‘†‹ƒǡ
ƒ’ƒ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‰‡…›ǡ
ͳͻͻͺǡͳȀͷͲͲͲͲ‡Ǥ
͵Ͳ
Architectural heritage at risk: 1953-1970 Public buildings
In the years following independence
a will at the national level transpired to modernise the country’s image.
While the focus was on Phnom Penh
for urban planning development, Siem
Reap showed only a few signs of this
new input. Nevertheless, some buildings illustrate this trend for modernstyle architecture. For example: the
tribunal (1958, Seng Suntheng), the
prince’s villa (1963, Laurent Mondet),
the “Preah Vihear” stadium, several
schools including Suryavarman II Highschool (1959), the International airport
terminal (1963, Vann Molyvann). 60s
architecture and the predominance of
concrete gave a new proϔile to Khmer
architecture. There was a reinterpretation of the cultural tradition and a metamorphosis into a more modern architecture, adapting the ancient architectural
grammar to the climatic stresses of the
country, associating natural ventilation
(stilts, length imposts, through rooms,
cold/hot draughts) with rain/sun sheltering devices. This exogenous architecture ϔit well with the country landscape
and climatic environment. The construction features simple architectural lines,
made of roof-terraces and of functional
and minimalist ornamentations. To
experiment with the volume, transparency and screen organisation presented climatic solutions. Components such
as sun breakers, canopies and openwork
design of screen walls of different heights contributed to the architectural
composition of the facades, punctuated by large sections of stone walls.
“Tropical modernism” inϔluenced the
years following independence.
—– –Š‹• ƒŒ‘” Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‹• ‘™ ‡†ƒǦ
‰‡”‡†Ǥ Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ ™‹–‡••‹‰ –Š‡ †‹•ƒ’Ǧ
’‡ƒ”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‹• Š‹‰Šǡ ƒ• –Š‡•‡
…‘•–”—…–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ‘•–Ž› ‘™‡† „› –Š‡
–ƒ–‡ ™Š‹…Š ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’ƒ•– ˆ‡™ ›‡ƒ”• Šƒ•
ƒ……‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡†‹–•’‘Ž‹…›‘ˆ•‡ŽŽ‹‰Žƒ†ƒ†
’—„Ž‹…„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ‘‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰‹–Š‡‹”
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡– …ƒ •–‹ŽŽ „‡ •‡‡
„› ˜‹•‹–‘”•Ǥ ƒ†Ž›ǡ ƒ› ƒ”‡ †‡•–”‘›‡†ǡ
†‹•ˆ‹‰—”‡† ‘” •–‡ƒ†‹Ž› †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‹‰Ǥ Š‡
†‡‘Ž‹–‹‘Ž‹•–‹•‡˜‡”Ǧ‡†‹‰Ǥ
Š‡ ‘Ž† ƒ‹”’‘”– –‡”‹ƒŽǡ –‡•–‹‘› –‘
–Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ƒ† †ƒ”‹‰ …‘•–”—…–‹‘
‘ˆ –Š‹• ’‡”‹‘† ”‡ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘” ƒ Ž‘‰ –‹‡
ƒ„ƒ†‘‡†Ǣ ‹– Šƒ• Œ—•– „‡‡ †‡•–”‘›‡†Ǥ
Š‡ …‘—”– Š‘—•‡ǡ ƒ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ‘ •–‹Ž–•ǡ
ƒˆ–‡” „‡‹‰ •“—ƒ•Š‡† „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ ‡™
Š‘–‡Ž• ƒ† ƒ •‘—˜‡‹” •Š‘’ǡ ™ƒ• –”ƒ•Ǧ
ˆ‡””‡† –‘ –Š‡ …‘—–”›•‹†‡ ™Š‡”‡ Œ—•–‹…‡
‹•‘™”‡†‡”‡†Ǥ–™ƒ•‘–‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›
†‡‘Ž‹•Š‡†„—–‹–‹•‘Ž›ƒƒ––‡”‘ˆ–‹‡
ƒ• ‹– Šƒ• „‡‡ ”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ† –—”‡†
‹–‘ •Š‘’ Š‘—•‡•Ǥ Š‡ •–ƒ†‹— —•‡† ƒ•
—…Šˆ‘”•’‘”–ƒ•ˆ‘”‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡–™ƒ•
•‘Ž† –‘ –Š‡ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ •‡…–‘” ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‘…ƒǦ
–‹‘‹•‘™„‡‹‰–—”‡†‹–‘•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
‘˜‡”•‡Ž›ƒˆ‹‡‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ–Š‹•ͷͲ•ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡‹•–Š‡Š‹‰ŠǦ•…Š‘‘Ž
ȋ‘™–Š‡’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ–‡ƒ…Š‡”–”ƒ‹‹‰…‡Ǧ
–”‡ȌǤ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ‹†ˆ‹ƒ…‡†‹–•”‡‘Ǧ
˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ”‡•–‘”‹‰‹–•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘•ǡ
•—””‘—†‡† „› ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡† ƒ”‡ƒǤ
–• ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ ’”‡•‡–• ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰
•–”—…–—”ƒŽ–Š‹…‡••‘—Ž–‹’Ž‡ˆƒ…ƒ†‡•ǣ
•— „”‡ƒǡ •…”‡‡•ǡ ‘˜‡”Šƒ‰‹‰ ‘—ŽǦ
†‹‰ ƒ† ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ƒ„—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ —– ‹– ‹•
‘– ’”‘–‡…–‡† ˆ”‘ ƒ› ”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡ †‡ƒŽ
‹–Š‡‡ƒ”ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ
ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘• ȋ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› •Šƒ”‡†Ȍ ƒ† •Šƒ–›
‡š–‡•‹‘ƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰ǤŠ‡
‘’‡ •’ƒ…‡ „‡–™‡‡ ͸ ƒ† –Š‡ „—‹ŽǦ
†‹‰‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š•–ƒŽŽ•Ǥ–•‹†‡ƒŽ…‡–”ƒŽ
Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ƒŽǦ‡•–ƒ–‡ƒ”‡–™‘—Ž†
’”‘„ƒ„Ž› ‡ƒ– ‹–• ˆ—–—”‡ †‡‘Ž‹–‹‘
„—–‹–™ƒ•’”‡˜‡–‡††—‡–‘–Š‡‘™‡”•
ˆƒ‹Ž‹‰–‘”‡ƒ…Šƒ›ƒ‰”‡‡‡–Ǥ
‰‘”…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Š‘—•‹‰ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǥ
‘‰–Š‡’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽŠ‘•’‹–ƒŽ„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡ
‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ ‰‘‘† ‡šƒ’Ž‡
‘ˆ •ƒ‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡•ǡ Žƒ—…Š‡†
†—”‹‰–Š‡’”‘–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡’‡”‹‘†Ǥ–•‡š’‘Ǧ
•—”‡ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰ ™‹†•ǡ
‹–• ‰ƒŽŽ‡”› ‘’‡‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ –™‘ ˆ”‘–•ǡ
‹–• Š‹‰Š‡” „ƒ›• „‡–™‡‡ ƒŽ‹‰‡† ”‘‘•ǡ
„”‹‰–‘–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰ƒDzŠ›‰‹‡‹…dz˜‡–‹ŽƒǦ
–‹‘•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰‹–•’”‘–‡…–‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹•–
†ƒ’ƒ†‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰‹––‘ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽƒ†
Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡† ‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ  –Š‹• …ƒ•‡
ƒ‰ƒ‹ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ǯ• ˆ—–—”‡ ‹• —…‡”–ƒ‹
ƒ•–Š‡Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ…‘—Ž††‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘„‡‡ˆ‹–
ƒŽƒ†’”‘ˆ‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›’‘Ž‹…›Ǥ
Š‡”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ‡ƒ…Š‡”ǯ•”ƒ‹‹‰‡–”‡ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
Ž•‘ •‘‡ •Šƒ”‡† Š‘—•‹‰• ˆ”‘ –Š‹•
’‡”‹‘†•Š‘—Ž†„‡‡šƒ‹‡†ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–‘‡ǡ
†‡•‹‰‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…– Ǥ —ƒ”…ƒ›ǡ
™ƒ•„—‹Ž–‘•‹–‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‡š‡…—–‹˜‡•™‘”Ǧ
‹‰‹–Š‡‰‘”‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ–‹•–Š‡
”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ …‘•–”—…–‹˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š– ‹š‹‰
•–‘‡ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ƒ†„”‹…™‘”–‘‘„–ƒ‹
Dz…‘ˆ‘”–™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘dzǤ‡•’‡Ǧ
…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š‡Dz…Š‹‡›‡ˆˆ‡…–dzǡƒ
†‹”‡…– –”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ ˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‘Ž›
‘‡‡„‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡–Š‹…‡••ƒ† †‘—Ǧ
„Ž‡ ”‘‘ˆ‹‰ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ˆƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹•
„—‹Ž†‹‰ ‹• ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‰‘”
…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǯ•ˆ—–—”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
Š‡ •‡…‘† ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‹• Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‘ ͸ǡ
…Ž‘•‡ –‘ –Š‡ ”‹˜‡” ƒ† ™ƒ• ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›
„—‹Ž– ˆ‘” …‹˜‹Ž •‡”˜ƒ–•Ǥ – ‹• ‹ Ž‹‡ ™‹–Š
–Š‡ ‘’‡ –‘™ Ž‘‰‹…Ǥ ‡– „ƒ… ˆ”‘ –Š‡
”‘ƒ†ǡ „—‹Ž– ’‡”’‡†‹…—Žƒ”Ž› ‘ –Š‡ ’Ž‘–ǡ
–Š‡ ˆ‹”•– Ž‡˜‡Ž ƒ’ƒ”–‡–• ƒ”‡ ƒ……‡••‡†
–Š”‘—‰Šƒ‘—–•‹†‡‰ƒŽŽ‡”›Ǥ‡˜‡”ƒŽˆƒ‹Ǧ
Ž‹‡• Ž‹˜‡ ‹ –Š‹• „—‹Ž†‹‰ ™Š‹…Š ’”‡•‡–•
•ƒ‹–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‹–…Š‡ ‘†‹Ǧ
‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
ʹ͵
Rehabilitation and conversion
When the country opened up to tourism,
Siem Reap naturally rediscovered its role
as the gateway to the prestigious site
of Angkor. The town already possessed
some assets to facilitate the necessary
changes arising with tourism flow. This
change seemed to be compatible with
the town’s history and landscape while
preventing the numerous development
“mishaps” of its regional neighbours. An
understanding and awareness of its own
non-monumental and fragile heritage
was vital. With the competition of the
grandiose angkorian temple heritage
and its world heritage status, there was
limited but genuine space to enhance
the cultural, religious and natural heritage of this small town.
• –Š‡ ‰‘” ‘—‡–•ǡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‹†‡–‹–› •›„‘Ž• ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ
ƒŽ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‹…‘•ǡ „‡‡ˆ‹–‡† ˆ”‘ ƒ
™‘”Ž†™‹†‡ ‘„‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–•
–‘ –Š‡ ‘”‡ ‹‘” Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ ™‡”‡ ”‡ƒŽǤ Š”‡ƒ–• ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†ǡ
ƒ• –Š‹• Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ”‡ƒ‹• —‘™ǡ ‹ˆ
‘– Œ‘‹–Ž› ‹‰‘”‡†ǡ –‘ –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹– ‘ˆ
‘–Š‡” ‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽ ‹–‡”‡•–• –Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ•
‘ˆ ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ƒ —„”‹†Ž‡†
–‘—”‹•ƒ†—’Žƒ‡†‡š’ƒ•‹‘Ǥ‡–ǡ
‘‡ —•– ƒ‰”‡‡ –Šƒ– Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽŽ› ‹‡
‡ƒ’ Šƒ• ‘– Š‘•–‡† ƒ› ‡ƒ•‹Ž› ”‡…‘Ǧ
‰‹•ƒ„Ž‡ǡ Dz•’‡…–ƒ…—Žƒ”dz ‘—‡– ‘”
•–”‹‹‰ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ …‘’Ž‡š ƒ’ƒ”– ˆ”‘
–Š‡‘Ž†ƒ”‡–ǤŠ‡–‘™‹•ƒ†‡—’‘ˆ
ƒ…Ž—•–‡”‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–›Ž‡•ƒ†’‡”‹‘†
„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ †‹˜‡”•‡ …‘‡”Ǧ
…‹ƒŽǡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ
‡˜‹”‘‡–•ƒ†—”„ƒˆƒ„”‹…•Ǥ”‘
ͳͻͻʹ‘™ƒ”†•ƒƒŒ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™
™ƒ•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ†‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡•‘Ǧ
…ƒŽŽ‡† Dz…—Ž–—”ƒŽ Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡dz ’”‘–‡…–‹‘
œ‘‡ ȋœ‘‡ ͵ȌǤ ‹–Š‘—– ƒ› ‹–‡”˜‡Ǧ
–‹‘• –Š‡ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ƒ† Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ ”‡ƒ‹• ‘”‡
–Šƒ ‡˜‡” ƒ– ”‹•Ǥ – ‹• „ƒ”‡Ž› ‘ –Š‡
ƒ‰‡†ƒ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰• ‘
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‘”‹–Š‡…‘–‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡•—…Ǧ
…‡••‹˜‡‹•…‡ŽŽƒ‡‘—••–—†‹‡•‘—”„ƒ
’Žƒ‹‰ƒ•–‡”’Žƒ•Ǥ‹‡‡ƒ’Š‡”‹Ǧ
–ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‡‡–‹‘‡†‹•’‡‡…Š‡•ƒ†
‡š’‡”–”‡’‘”–•ǡƒ‹Ž›…‘˜‡›•ƒ‹‹Ǧ
ƒŽ‹•– –‘—”‹• ˜‹•‹‘ ‡˜‘‹‰ ƒ •–”‘ŽŽ
‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‘”ƒ’ǡservice géographique de l’IndochineǡͳͻͳͷǡͳȀͳͲͲͲͲͲ‡Ǥ
Š‡
”ƒ†ƒˆ±ǡŽ†ƒ”‡–ǡ̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
‘–Š‡•Šƒ†‡†”‹˜‡”„ƒ•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡
”ƒ†‘–‡Žƒ†–Š‡‘Ž†ƒ”‡–ǡ‘ˆ–‡
™”‘‰Ž› Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Dz…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽdzǤ ”„ƒ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹•”‡†—…‡†–‘ƒ‹‹ƒŽƒ•’‡…–
‘ˆ–‘—”‹•Ǥ
‡…‘†ƒ”› …‘•–”—…–‹‘•ǡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‹–›
‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ•–‡”›ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•
‘•ǯ ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ”‡ ”‡’Žƒ…‡†
„› ‡™ …‘•–”—…–‹‘• Šƒ”†Ž› ‹ DzŠƒ”Ǧ
‘›dz™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ…‹‡–„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ
˜‡”Ž‘‘‡† ƒ† ƒ„ƒ†‘‡†ǡ –Š‡
‘ƒ•–‡”‹‡• …‘•–‹–—–‡ ƒ ‰‡—‹‡
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡™Š‹…Š–‘—”‹•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‹•ƒ–
–Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ DzŠ‡” ƒ—–Š‡–‹…‹–›dz ƒ†
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ …‘–‡’‘”ƒ‡‘—•
…—Ž–—”‡Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š •‘‡ ƒŒ‘” •ƒ…Ǧ
–—ƒ”‹‡• •—…Š ƒ• ƒ– ‘ǡ ƒ– –˜Š‡ƒ”
ƒ† ƒ– ƒƒ •‡‡ –‘ „‡ •ƒˆ‡
ˆ”‘ †‡‘Ž‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‘•‡ ‘– …‡–”ƒŽŽ›
‡…—Žƒ”†‘‡•–‹…Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹•‡˜‡Ž‡••
’”‘–‡…–‡†ǣ ™‘‘†‡ Š‘—•‡• Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡”‘”‹–Š‡˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•–‡†–‘
•–‡ƒ†‹Ž›†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”ǤŠ‡‹”…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘
‹• ‘”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ –Šƒ ‘– Ž‹‡† –‘ –Š‡
‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ …ƒ””› ‘—– –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
™‘”•ȋŽƒ…‘ˆ”‡•‘—”…‡•‘”Žƒ††‹•’—Ǧ
–‡•Ȍ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ”‡ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ–‘’”‡•‡”˜‡
–Š‡Ǥ ‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† …‘˜‡”•‹‘
‘•ǯ†™‡ŽŽ‹‰•ƒ––Š‡ƒ–‘‘ƒ•–‡”›ǡ
̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
ʹͶ
Ž‘…ƒ–‡† •—…Š ƒ• ƒ– ”ƒŠ ƒ‘” ƒ”‡
‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›ƒŽ–‡”‡†ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡•—„•Ǧ
–‹–—–‡† ™‹–Š ƒ •Š‹› …‘…”‡–‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ
Dz‘†‡”dz ’”‘’‘”–‹‘• ‘”ƒ‡–‡†
™‹–Šƒ‰‘”‹ƒ’ƒ––‡”•ƒ•‹–Š‡ƒ–
‘ ƒ–Š‡› Š‡› ‘ƒ•–‡”›Ǥ ‹–Š‹
–Š‡‹”’”‡…‹…–•ǡ–Š‡‘ƒ•–‡”‹‡•ǯ‡˜‹Ǧ
”‘‡–•ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘†‡‡’Ž›–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†
™‹–Š –Š‡ …‘—–”›ǯ• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• ”‡˜‹˜ƒŽǤ
ƒ–ƒƒ‘ƒ•–‡”›ǡ̹Ǥ±–”‡ƒ—Ǧ‘––‹‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ
‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ’• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡ –Š‹• ”‡‰‹‘ ‘ˆ
‘—–Š‡ƒ•–•‹ƒƒ•‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ•–Š‡–Š…‡Ǧ
–—”›Ǥ Š‡› ‡–‹‘‡† –Š‡ ‹‰†‘ ‘ˆ
ƒ„‘†‹ƒƒ†–Š‡…‘—”•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡‘‰
„—– ‘˜‡”Ž‘‘‡† –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ ƒ’ Žƒ‡ ƒ†
‰‘”ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š „‘–Š ™‡”‡ ˜‹•‹–‡† „›
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ™‡•–‡”‡”• ȋ‘”–—‰—‡•‡Ȍ ƒ†
‹••‹‘ƒ”‹‡• ƒ† ‘ˆ …‘—”•‡ —‡”‘—•
—††Š‹•–’‹Ž‰”‹•ƒ†ƒ„‘†‹ƒ•ǤŠ‡
‘•– ƒ…‹‡– †‘…—‡–• ‡–‹‘‹‰
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒ”‡ ƒ– ’”‡•‡– –‹‡ –Š”‡‡
ƒ’• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ ”‡…‡–Ž› ˆ‘—† ƒ– –Š‡
‘›ƒŽ ƒŽƒ…‡ ‹ ƒ‰‘Ǥ ƒ–‹‰ ƒ‹Ž›
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š …‡–—”›ǡ
–Š‡•‡ ƒ’• •Š‘™ –Š‡ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹… ‰‘ƒŽ• ‘ˆ
‹ƒ‡•‡ ˆ‘”…‡• ™Š‹…Š Šƒ† ‘……—’‹‡† –Š‡
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ ’”‘˜‹…‡• •‹…‡ ͳ͹ͻͶǤ ˆ
‹ƒ‡•‡ †‘‹ƒ–‹‘ Žƒ•–‡† —–‹Ž ͳͻͲ͹ǡ
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š’Ž‘”ƒ–‘”›‹••‹‘•™‡”‡‘”‰ƒǦ
‹•‡†–‘‹‡‡ƒ’‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š …‡–—”›ǡ †‡•‹‰‹‰ ƒ’• ˆ‘…—•‹‰
‘–Š‡Dz†‹•…‘˜‡”›dz‘ˆ‰‘”ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ’•
™‡”‡‡‹–Š‡”‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›–Š‡‡š’ƒ•‹‘Ǧ
‹•–ƒ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…‘—–”‹‡•‹–Š‡
”‡‰‹‘‘”†‹”‡…–Ž›‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†„›•–”ƒ–‡‰‹…
•–—†‹‡•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ –Š‡ ƒ˜‹‰ƒ„‹Ž‹–›
‘ˆ –Š‡ Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹… ‡–™‘”• …‘‡…–‡†
™‹–Š–Š‡‡‘‰‘”‘„‘”†‡”ƒ”‹‰•
™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹ƒǤ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ™‡•–‡”
•‡––Ž‡‡–•ǡƒ‹Ž›”‡…Šǡƒ‡™ƒ’Ǧ
’‹‰ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘†‡ ™ƒ• ‹–”‘†—Ǧ
…‡†Ǥ – ’”‘†—…‡† ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ’• ‘”‡
ƒ……—”ƒ–‡‹–Š‡‹”’Žƒ‹‡–”‹…ƒŽ›„—–•–‹ŽŽ
„ƒ•‹…Ǥ ”‡•‡–‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‹ …‘’‘‡–•
‘ˆ’Š›•‹…ƒŽƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š›ƒ†
‘–Š‡”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡›†”ƒ™ƒ‘—–Ž‹‡
‘ˆ–Š‡–‡””‹–‘”›ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡Dz•ƒŽŽ–‘™dz‘ˆ
‹‡‡ƒ’ƒ”‘—†•‘‡‹••‹‰ƒ–—”ƒŽ
‘” ƒ–Š”‘’‘‰‡‹… ‡Ž‡‡–•Ǥ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘ˆ
–Š‡•‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• …‘—Ž† ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› „‡ ˆ‘—†ǡ
†‡•’‹–‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…ƒ”–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ǡ
‹ –Š‡ ‹ƒ‡•‡ ƒ’• ™Š‹…Š ”‡…‘”†‡† ‹
–Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˆƒ•Š‹‘ –Š‡ ˆ‡™ Žƒ†ƒ”• ‘ˆ
‹‡‡ƒ’ǣ–Š‡…‹–ƒ†‡Žǡ–Š‡”‹˜‡”ǡ‰‘”
ƒ–ƒ†Š‘”‘Ǥ
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ’”‘˜‹…‡ ™ƒ• …‡†‡† „ƒ… –‘
ƒ„‘†‹ƒ‹ͳͻͲ͹ƒ†’Žƒ…‡†—†‡”–Š‡
ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡…Š”‘–‡…–‘”ƒ–‡
™Š‹…Š Šƒ† „‡‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‘˜‡” –Š‡
…‘—–”›‹ͳͺ͸͵ǤŠ‡–‡””‹–‘”‹‡•™‡”‡–Š‡
•—”˜‡›‡† „› –Š‡ †‘…Š‹ƒ ‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ
‡”˜‹…‡Ǥ – †‡•‹‰‡† ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›
ƒ’•–‘–Š‡ͳȀͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ•…ƒŽ‡ǡ™Š‹…Š™‡”‡
”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› —’†ƒ–‡† „‡–™‡‡ ͳͻͳͷ ƒ†
ͳͻͷʹǤ Š‡•‡ ƒ’• †‡•’‹–‡ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡
•…ƒŽ‹‰ ’”‡•‡– ƒ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒǦ
–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰•–”—…–—”‡•ƒ†–‡•–‹ˆ›
”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž› –‘ –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ‡˜‹”‘‡Ǧ
–ƒŽ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ ƒ””›‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ™‘”• ‘ˆ
‡š’Ž‘”‡”•ƒ†•ƒ‹Ž‘”•ǡ–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”•–Š‡
ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹•–••–”‹˜‡†–‘”‡…‘”†–Š‡’”‡Ǧ
•‡–™‹–Š‘—–‹’‘•‹‰™‡•–‡”•–ƒ†ƒ”†•
‘–Š‡”–Šƒ–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ‘‡•ǤŠ‹••’‹”‹–
‘ˆDz—„‹ƒ•‡†dz‹˜‡–‘”›Šƒ†ƒ‹’ƒ…–‘
–Š‡ ƒ’•ǯ …‘–‡–• ƒ• –Š‡ Žƒ† ‹• ‹˜‡Ǧ
–‘”‹‡†™‹–Š‘—––‘‘ƒ›‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
 ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ǡ ™Š‹…Š „‡…ƒ‡ –Š‡ ’”‘Ǧ
˜‹…‹ƒŽ •‡ƒ–ǡ –Š‡› ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† –Š‡ ƒ…‹‡–
–‡’Ž‡ •–”—…–—”‡•ǡ Ž‘…ƒŽ ”‘ƒ† ‡–™‘”•ǡ
•‹‰ƒŽŽ‹‰ǡ …‘†‹‰ ƒ† ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ •–”—…Ǧ
–—”‹‰ …‘’‘‡–• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡ …‹–ƒ†‡Žǡ
–Š‡‘ƒ•–‡”‹‡•ǡ–Š‡˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ƒ”‡ƒƒ†–Š‡
ƒ”‡–Ǥ
Ž–Š‘—‰Šƒ„‘†‹ƒ™ƒ•‘–‘ˆƒ›’ƒ”Ǧ
–‹…—Žƒ” ‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽ ‹–‡”‡•– ˆ‘” ’”‘–‡…Ǧ
–‘”ƒ–‡ ’‘Ž‹…›ǡ –Š‡ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ”‡‰‹‘ ™ƒ•
–Š‡ ‘„Œ‡…– ‘ˆ ƒ •’‡…‹ƒŽ ˆ‘…—• —–‹Ž ͳͻ͹Ͳ
„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• •›„‘Ž‹…ǡ –‘—”‹•–‹… ƒ†
ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ – ‹• ‹ –Š‹• •’‹Ǧ
”‹– –Šƒ– ™‘”• …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› –Š‡ 2…‘Ž‡
”ƒ­ƒ‹•‡ †ǯš–”²‡Ǧ”‹‡– ‘ ‰‘”
…‘–”‹„—–‡† ‹ ‰‹˜‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒ† ‹–• ”‡‰‹‘ ƒ• –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”Ǧ
…Š‡•™‡”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ–‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡–‡Ǧ
’Ž‡•–‘–Š‡‹”–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–ǤŠ‡
ˆƒ…––Šƒ––Š‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ’‘ˆ–Š‡‰‘”…‘Ǧ
’Ž‡š †‡•‹‰‡† „› —‡– †‡ Žƒ ‘“—‹°”‡
‹ ͳͻͲͻ‘Ž› ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† –Š‡ –‘™ ‹ ’ƒ•Ǧ
•‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ‡š–”‡‡ •‘—–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ …”‘’ ‹•
‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—ŽǤ Ž› ͵Ͳ ›‡ƒ”• Žƒ–‡”ǡ ƒ ‡™
‰‘” …ƒ”–‘‰”ƒ’Š› •–”‡–…Š‡† ˆ—”–Š‡”
–‘ –Š‡ •‘—–Š –‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ ƒ’ ƒ‡ ƒ†
‹…Ž—†‡†–Š‡‡–‹”‡–‘™Ǥ–”‡ˆŽ‡…–‡†–Š‡
‰”‘™‹‰ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘™ ™Š‹…Š
„‡…ƒ‡‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Ž‡‘—‰Š–‘„‡Ž‹‡†
™‹–Š‰‘”ǤŠ‹•͹Ͳ›‡ƒ”‘Ž†…”‘’’‹‰‘ˆ
–Š‡ ƒ’ ƒ† –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘
Šƒ˜‡‘–…Šƒ‰‡†•‹…‡–Š‡ƒ†ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽ
–Š‡ ‘‡• —•‡† ‘ ‘•– –‘—”‹• ƒ’•ǡ
™Š‹…Š …ƒ „‡ †‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ• Dz’”‘†—…–•dz ˆ‘”
ʹͻ
Research
Maps and plans
Mapping representations of Siem Reap
and its surrounding areaϋ are an invaluable source for analysing the construction and urban transformations of the
town. Map analysis is carried out by
analysing iconographic documents,
and aerial and satellite pictures. Going
back in time, it enables the monitoring
of the historical and urban planning
background and the identification of
components on an urban, architectural
and territorial scale.
’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ• ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ† ‹• •–‹ŽŽ
”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ† ‹• ‘ˆ–‡ ‘˜‡”Ž‘‘‡† ‹
–Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ™‹–Š ‰‘”Ǥ ‘
†ƒ–‡ –Š‡ …‘”’—• ‹…Ž—†‡• DzŽƒ›‘—–dz ƒ’•
•Š‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ …‘–‡š– ‘” ‘‡ ‘ˆ
‹–• ƒ•’‡…–•ǡ Dz’”‘Œ‡…–dz ƒ’• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ
’”‘’‘•‡† ’”‘Œ‡…– ™‹–Š ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ –‘
ƒ ‡š‹•–‹‰ …‘–‡š–ǡ Dz’”‘†—…–dz ƒ’• ˆ‘”
–‘—”‹• …‘•—’–‹‘ǡ ƒƒŽ›–‹…ƒŽ ’Žƒ•ǡ
˜‡”–‹…ƒŽƒ†ƒ•‡™ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ’Š‘–‘•ǡ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡
’‹…–—”‡•ƒ†’Žƒ•†‡”‹˜‡†ˆ”‘…‘’—Ǧ
–‹‰’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•Ǥ
Š‡•‡ ƒ’• •—’’‘”– ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ”Ǧ
…Š‡•ǣ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹• „‡–™‡‡ …ƒ”Ǧ
–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† —”„ƒ
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ȋ•‘—”…‡• „—– ƒŽ•‘ –”ƒ•Ǧ
ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˜‡…–‘”•ȌǢ –‘ –Š‡ •–ƒ–—• ƒ†
’‘™‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’•Ǣ –‘ –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ
Š‡ ƒ’’‹‰ ‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ‹• –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡
…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•‡† „› ƒ †‹…Š‘–‘› „‡–™‡‡
‹‡ ‡ƒ’ ƒ† ‰‘”ǡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”• ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ „› –Š‡
–‹‡„‡–™‡‡Dz„‡ˆ‘”‡dzƒ†Dzƒˆ–‡”dzͳͻͻʹǡ
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡‡ƒ…‡‰”‡‡‡–•ƒ†–Š‡
Š‡ †‘…—‡–ƒ”› …‘”’—• …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘
…‘˜‡”• Š—†”‡†• ‘ˆ …ƒ”–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… ”‡’”‡Ǧ
•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –Š …‡–—”› —–‹Ž
–Š‡’”‡•‡–Ǥ–Šƒ•‰ƒ’•ǡ”‡’‡ƒ–‹‰†‘…—Ǧ
‡–•ǡƒ†‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ›„ƒ•‡†‘Ž‹‹–‡†
”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡”‡•‘—”…‡•ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡Š‡–‡”‘…Ž‹–‡Ǣ
–Š‡•…ƒŽ‡•ǡ‘„Œ‡…–•ƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘˜ƒ”›
†‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘†•Ǥ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
‹• ‰‹˜‡ ‘ –Š‡ …Š‘•‡ •…‘’‡ ‘ˆ ™‘”
ȋ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ‘” —”„ƒȌǡ ‘ –Š‡ –‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ ”‡•‘—”…‡• ƒ† •–ƒ‡Š‘ŽǦ
†‡”•ǯ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡‹”—•‡•ƒ†ǡ‘”‡
”‡…‡–Ž›–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ…‘’—–‡”–‘‘Ž•—•‡†Ǥ
‘…—‡–• ˆ‘…—•‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ –‘™ ƒ”‡
”ƒ–Š‡”•…ƒ”…‡ǤŠ‹•”ƒ”‹–›”‡ˆŽ‡…–•ƒ˜‹•‹‘
–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡†‹•…—••‡†Žƒ–‡”Ǥ‡•’‹–‡–Š‹•
Šƒ†‹…ƒ’ǡ –Š‡ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’’‹‰
Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ —•‡† ‹ –Š‹• …‘”’—• ȋ–‡”‹‘Ǧ
Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ•›„‘Ž•ǡ…‘Ž‘—”•ǤǤǤȌƒ†–Š‡…”‘••
‡šƒ’Ž‡•ƒ”‡‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽ‹”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ
ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡƒ‰‘‘†‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ǧ
Ž‹–‹‡•–‘ƒ†ƒ’––‘‡™Dz‘†‡”‹•ƒ–‹‘dz
‡…‡••‹–‹‡•Ǥ  –Š‡ –‘™ …‡–”‡ •‘‡
Š‘—•‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹–‘
‰—‡•–Š‘—•‡•‘””‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–•ǡˆ‘”‡šƒǦ
’Ž‡ƒˆ±†‘…Š‹‡Ǥ
—––Š‡•‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•”‡ƒ‹•…ƒ”…‡ƒ†
–‡•–‹ˆ› –‘ –Š‡ Žƒ… ‘ˆ ƒ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ˜‹•‹‘
ˆ‘” —†‡”–ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ …‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
ƒ •…ƒ––‡”‡† ƒ† †‹˜‡”•‹ˆ‹‡† Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡Ǥ
Š‹•’Š‡‘‡‘ƒŽ•‘ƒˆˆ‡…–•–Š‡•‹Ǧ
‰—Žƒ”Ȁ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ „—‹Ž†‹‰• ‘ˆ ”‡…‡–
’‡”‹‘†•ǤŠ‡•…ƒŽ‡‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ǡ†‡‘Ž‹Ǧ
–‹‘•ǡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹‘•
ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ •’‡…—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹‰‘”‹‰
–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ
†‡•‹‰Ǥ
•–‘‡ǯ• –Š”‘™ ƒ™ƒ›ǡ –Š‡ †‡•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘
ƒ†–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ž‡••”ƒ‹•‡†„—‹Ž†‹‰•
‘ˆ–Š‡‡™…‘•–”—…–‹‘”‡•—‡Ǥ
”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽƒ†—”„ƒ“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡‹”
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‹–•ƒ†Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡…‘…‡”•
•–‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ‹˜ƒŽ—‡•™Š‹…Šƒ”‡‘–„‡‹‰
–ƒ‡ ‹–‘ ƒ……‘—– „› –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ‘” –Š‡ ƒŒ‘” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ǤŠ‡…—Ž–—”ƒŽ•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡
–‘™ ƒ’’‡ƒ”• –‘ „‡ ƒ •‡…‘†ƒ”› ƒ†
—‹’‘”–ƒ– •—„Œ‡…– ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ƒ ˆ‡™
…‘—–‡” ‡šƒ’Ž‡• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ Š‘™
–Š‡ ‡Šƒ…‡‡– ‘ˆ „—‹Ž†‹‰• ‹• ƒ
ƒŒ‘”ƒ••‡–ƒ‘‰‡†‹‘…”‡ƒ••’”‘Ǧ
†—…–‹‘ƒ†Š‘™ƒ“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š–‘
–Š‡•‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•…ƒ„”‹‰–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡†
˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ‡™‘†‡”‹–›Ǥˆ–‡–Š‡•‡
‡šƒ’Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡† „› ˆ‘”‡‹‰
‹˜‡•–‘”•Ǥ
‘‡ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–• Šƒ˜‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—–
”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘ˆ–‡ˆ‹ƒ…‡†„›ˆ‘”‡‹‰
‹˜‡•–‘”• •‡•‹–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽ
˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡
–Š‡ ”‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ† ‘–‡Ž
ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍǡ ‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹…‡ǯ• ‹ŽŽƒ ™Š‹…Š
„‡…ƒ‡ –Š‡ ƒ•ƒ”ƒ Š‘–‡Ž ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ
‘ˆˆ‡”‡™‡š–‡•‹‘•ƒ–…Š‹‰–Š‡‘”‹Ǧ
‰‹ƒŽ„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ
–Š‡” ‡šƒ’Ž‡• …ƒ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ˆ‘—† ‹
Ž‡•• ’”‡•–‹‰‹‘—• „—‹Ž†‹‰• •—…Š ƒ•
•‘‡Dz•Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡˜‹ŽŽƒ•dz”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†
‹–‘‘ˆˆ‹…‡•„›‘”–‡•—”ƒ…‡ǡ‘”–Š‡
–”ƒ˜‡Žƒ‰‡…›Dz‡ƒ…‡‘—”dzǡ–Š‡”‡…Š
—Ž–—”ƒŽ ‡–”‡ ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ‘” ‹ ”‡•–ƒ—Ǧ
”ƒ–•Ž‹‡ŽǯŽŽ‹ƒ…‡ƒˆ±Ǥ‡…‘—Ž†„‡
–‡’–‡† –‘ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡ –Š‡•‡ ‡šƒǦ
’Ž‡•ƒ•Š‡”ƒŽ†‹‰‡™”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘•‹‰•
„—––Š‹•–”‡†”‡ƒ‹•Žƒ”‰‡Ž›—…‘’‹‡†
ƒ†‹•ƒƒ”‰‹ƒŽƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ
Les ruines d’Angkor Siemp-réap Cambodge Siamoisǡ
ǤǤ‘—†ƒ”–†‡ƒ‰”±‡ǡͳͺ͸ͷǤ
–Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽǡ ‡…‘‘‹… ƒ† •–”ƒ–‡‰‹…
•–ƒ‡•Ǣ–‘–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ƒ†
–Š‡‹” ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –‘ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
Ž‘…ƒŽ ‘” ‡š‘‰‡‘—• ‘†‡Ž• –Š‡› …‘˜‡›Ǥ
Š‹• ƒƒŽ›•‹• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ• –Š‡ ˆƒ–‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡ –‘™ǯ• Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ’‡”ƒǦ
‡…‡ǡ –Š‡ …Šƒ‰‡ǡ ‡˜‡ –Š‡ †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒǦ
”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–• ƒ† ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡•ȋ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽǡDz…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽdzƒ†
’‘•–Ǧ‹†‡’‡†‡…‡ȌǤ ƒ’’‹‰ ƒƒŽ›•‹•
ͳ The inventory of the maps and plans is in
the framework of the Observatory (IPRAUS
databank) and of my thesis (private collections
and archives).
ʹͺ
Ž‹•–‹‰ƒ•ƒ‘”Ž†‡”‹–ƒ‰‡•‹–‡ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–
’‡”‹‘† ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡• –Š‡ •Ž‘™ ‰‡‡•‹• ‘ˆ ƒ
’”‘˜‹…‹ƒŽ –‘™ ™Š‡”‡ Dz’”‘Œ‡…– ’Žƒ•dz
ƒ”‡ •…ƒ”…‡ „—– ™‹–Š‹ ™Š‹…Š DzŽƒ›‘—–
ƒ’•dz‘‹–‘”‹–•‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ‘˜‡”•‡Ž›
–Š‡ •‡…‘† ’‡”‹‘† ‹• Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡† „› –Š‡
•—††‡ƒ†…‘’Ž‡š‰”‘™–Š‘ˆ–Š‡—”„ƒ
ƒ‰‰Ž‘‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™‡ƒŽ–Š ‘ˆ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ’Žƒ•
ƒ† Dz’”‘Œ‡…– ’Žƒ•dz ‡š–”ƒ…–‡† ˆ”‘ •—…Ǧ
…‡••‹˜‡ ƒ•–‡” ’Žƒ•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡ƒ‹‡†
‹‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ ™Š‡ …‘ˆ”‘–‡† „› ƒ …ŠƒǦ
‰‹‰ ”‡ƒŽ‹–› –Š‡ †›ƒ‹• ‘ˆ ™Š‹…Š ‹•
’ƒ”–Ž› ‘‹–‘”‡† –Šƒ• –‘ ‡™ …ƒ”–‘Ǧ
‰”ƒ’Š‹…”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‡ƒ•–’ƒ”–‘ˆ†‹ƒǡ
Ǥ
ƒ‰‡•ǡ‘†‘ǡͳ͹ʹͻ
”‡ˆ‡”‡…‹‰ ™‹–Š •‘‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ’Žƒ•
–‡•–‹ˆ›–‘–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Ž…‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ
–Š‡’Š›•‹…ƒŽƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š›‘ˆ
–Š‡ ’Žƒ…‡•ǡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–™‘”•ǯ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘ǡ
‘ˆƒ–—”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‡…‘”’—•™ƒ•–Š‡‡Žƒ”‰‡†–‘‹…Ž—†‡
ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š› •–ƒ”–‹‰ ƒ• ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ•
–Š‡ ͳͻʹͲ• ‹ ‰‘” ƒ† ‹• ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›
—•‡†–‘†ƒ›ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ’‹…–—”‡•ƒ”‡’ƒ”Ǧ
–‹…—Žƒ”Ž› ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ͳͻͶͷǦͳͻ͹Ͳ
’‡”‹‘†ǡƒ•ƒ”…Š‹˜‡†’Žƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡–‘™ƒ”‡
‡š–”‡‡Ž›”ƒ”‡ǡ‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›†—‡–‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽǦ
Ž‘™‹‰™ƒ”•Ǥ
Š‡ ”‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž† ƒ”‡–
ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡ƒ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ˜‹•‹„Ž‡ ’ƒ”–ǡ
ƒ• ‹–• •Š‘’ǦŠ‘—•‡• ‘ˆˆ‡” •—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ž›
ˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡ •’ƒ…‡ –‘ „‡ ”ƒ’‹†Ž› ƒ† …Š‡ƒǦ
’Ž› …‘˜‡”–‡†Ǥ ‘‰ –Š‡ —‡”‘—•
…‘˜‡”•‹‘‡šƒ’Ž‡•ǡ–Š‡ƒ…‡”‘––
ƒŽŽ‡”›ǡ…‘—’Ž‡†™‹–Š–Š‡—‹“—‡Dz‡
‘–‡Ždz ȋʹͲͲ͸ǡ •ƒ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–•Ȍǣ –Š‡
‘—–„—‹Ž†‹‰•ƒ†–Š‡…‘—”–›ƒ”†•’ƒ…‡ǡ
ˆ‘”‡”Ž›—•‡†ˆ‘”˜‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†•‡”Ǧ
˜‹…‡ ƒ……‡•• ™‡”‡ ™‡ŽŽ ”‡‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†Ǥ
Ž•‘ǡ–Š‡”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
”ƒ†ƒˆ±ǡ
’”‡•‡”˜‹‰ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž†‡•– •Š‘’Ǧ
Š‘—•‡• ƒ– –Š‡ …‘”‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‡–Ǥ
Š‡…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡š‹•–‹‰„—‹Ž†‹‰•
…‘–‹—‡†–Š”‘—‰Š—…‘•…‹‘—•‹‹–ƒǦ
–‹‘‘”–‘„‡‘”‡’”‡…‹•‡„›ƒDzˆ”‘Ǧ
–‹‰dz‘–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰ˆ”‡‡’Ž‘–•ǤŠ‡•‡
‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ƒ”‡—…ŠŽ‘…ƒŽ‹•‡†ƒ†ǡƒ
‡‘–‡Žǡ”…Š‹–‡…–•ǡ
̹”…Š‹–‡…–•ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǥ
Š‡•‡…‘˜‡”•‹‘•’”‡•‡”˜‡ƒ†‘ˆ–‡
”‡‹ˆ‘”…‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ “—ƒŽ‹Ǧ
–‹‡•Ǥš–‡•‹‘•ƒ”‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‘””‡Žƒ–‡
–‘ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡
™Š‹Ž‡ „‡‹‰ ƒ†ƒ’–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡™ —•‡•
ƒ† ‡…‘‘‹… …‘•–”ƒ‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ†
ƒ”‡–Ǥ ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ ”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡
‹‹–‹ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ–Š‡•‡…‘˜‡”•‹‘•
‹…Ž—†‡ •‘‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ‹‡
‡ƒ’ •—…Š ƒ• ‹–• —”„ƒ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ƒ• ƒ
Dz‰ƒ”†‡–‘™dz‘”Dz”—”ƒŽ…‹–›dzǣƒ…ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž
ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‡…‹‰• –Šƒ– ˆ‹š –Š‡
„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•„‡–™‡‡’”‹˜ƒ–‡ƒ†’—„Ž‹…
•’ƒ…‡•ǡ˜‡‰‡–ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–…‘•‡”˜ƒǦ
–‹‘ ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘” –Š‡ ”‡•’‡…–
ˆ‘”‡˜‡Ž‘’‡•ƒ†•‡–„ƒ…•Ǥ
Š‡ ”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘†‡•– „—‹Ž†‹‰
™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• –Š‡ …‘˜‡”–‡† ‹ ƒ Š‘–‡Žǡ
–Š‡ ‘”‡‹‰ ‘””‡•’‘†‡–ǯ• Ž—„ǡ ‹•
‡š‡’Žƒ”›Ǥ Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ™ƒ•
‡’–ƒ†‡Šƒ…‡†„›ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ‡™‡”
…‘•–”—…–‹‘•†‡•‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡’Ž‘–™Š‹Ž‡
•–‹ŽŽ ’”‡•‡”˜‹‰ ƒ ˜‹•—ƒŽ …‘–‹—‹–›ǡ
•–ƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒǯ•Ȁ„—‹Ž†‹‰ǯ• •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ
“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ
ƒ•ƒ”ƒ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† ƒ •‹‹Žƒ” „—– Ž‡••
‘•–‡–ƒ–‹‘—• ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ Ž•‘ †‹•…”‡‡–
„—– Ž‡•• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –Š‡ ‹”‘–Š Š‘–‡Ž
•Š‘™• •‡•‹–‹˜‡ ”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ
Š‘—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡’‡”‹‘†™ƒ•…‘˜‡”Ǧ
–‡† ‹–‘ ƒ Dz†‡•‹‰‡”dz Š‘–‡Ž ’”‡•‡–‹‰
‘†‡”…‘–‘—”•ǡ‡š’‡”‹‡–‹‰™‹–Š
–Š‡͸Ͳ••–›Ž‡ƒ†–Š‡‹Š‡”‡–ƒ”…Š‹–‡…Ǧ
–—”ƒŽ“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”‹‘†Ǥ‡•’‹–‡ƒ
•ƒŽŽƒ”‡ƒƒ†ƒ†‡•‡ƒ†…Ž‘•‡‡‹‰ŠǦ
„‘—”Š‘‘†ǡƒ‹–”‘˜‡”–‡†„—–„ƒŽƒ…‡†
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™ƒ•”‡ƒ…Š‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡
ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡ƒ†‹–••—””‘—†‹‰•Ǥ
Š‡•‡ •—……‡••ˆ—Ž ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”ƒŽ ƒ…Š‹‡Ǧ
˜‡‡–• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡ Š‘™ ”‡•–‘”ƒ–‹‘
ƒ† …‘˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ „—‹Ž–
‡˜‹”‘‡– …ƒ ‰‘ „‡›‘† ƒ ’ƒ••‹˜‡
ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Šǡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ• ƒ–ƒ‰‘‹•–‹…
™‹–Š †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ ƒ† Š‘™ –‘ ’”‡Ǧ
˜‡– –Š‡•‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡• ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ ‹–‘ ƒ
•‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† DzŠ‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘dzǤ ›
‘–„‡‹‰…‘ˆ‹‡†–‘–Š‡•‘Ž‡…‘•‡”Ǧ
˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘™ ‹ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘„Œ‡…–ǡ
DzŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡dz ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ „—‹Ž†‹‰ ƒ†
‹–• ‡˜‹”‘‡– ‹• –ƒ‡ ‹–‘ ƒ……‘—–
–‘‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ƒ‡™“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž–Ǧ
‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ Š‹• –Š‡ ’”‡•‡”˜‡• –Š‡
–‘™ǯ• Š‹•–‘”› ™Š‹Ž‡ ”‡˜‹–ƒŽ‹œ‹‰ ‹–Ǥ
Š‡•‡ ‡š‡’Žƒ”› …‘˜‡”•‹‘• ”‡ƒ‹
‡š…‡’–‹‘ƒŽ ™Š‡ ’—– ‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ –‘
–Š‡ …—””‡– ‘”†‹ƒ”› •–ƒ†ƒ”† ‘ˆ ’”‘Ǧ
†—…–‹‘ ‹ ‹‡ ‡ƒ’Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‡˜‡
‘”‡”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ƒ•–Š‡”‡‹•‘’—„Ž‹…
™‹ŽŽ ˆ‘” ‡Šƒ…‡‡– ƒ• †‡‘•–”ƒǦ
–‡† „› –Š‡ †‡‘Ž‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘‡ ’—„Ž‹…
„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ†‡˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡•‡™‘”•ƒ”‡
‘„˜‹‘—•Ž› ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ƒ ’—„Ž‹… ‹‘”‹–›
ƒ† •‡Ž‡…–‡† …—•–‘‡”•ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ •–‹ŽŽ
‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡’”‘ˆ‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ž‘‰‹…‘ˆ
‹˜‡•–‡–ƒ†ƒ”‡•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡ǤŠ‹Ž‡
™ƒ‹–‹‰ ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– •–ƒ‡Ǧ
Š‘Ž†‡”• –‘ ”ƒ’‹†Ž› „‡…‘‡ ƒ™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ
Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǡ–Š‡•‡™‘”•ƒ”‡ˆ‘”
–Š‡ ‘‡– ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‡™ ‡ƒ• –‘
•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ƒ”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡•ƒ–
”‹•Ǥ
Aline Hétreau-Pottier
ʹͷ
ʹ͸
ʹ͹
adaptation Aline Hétreau-Pottier from
© JICA, APSARA, 2005, original scale 1: 25,000e.
‹‡‡ƒ’–‘™’Žƒǡ
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