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ATI Firth Sterling, an Allegheny
Technologies Company, specializes in cemented tungsten carbide components and materials
for all drilling applications.
Providing quality carbide for
more than 40 years, ATI Firth
Sterling has developed specific
grades for demanding applications in the oil & gas, mining,
construction and water well
industries.
ATI Firth Sterling’s Material
Research Group guarantees a
broad selection of material
grades and technical assistance
to meet most customer requirements. We ensure consistently
high product quality through our
metallurgical technology and
ISO 9001 and 14000 registered
quality system. Each finished
piece can be traced through
the manufacturing process to
its raw material origin.
Our rapid prototyping and fully
integrated in-house Tool Room
allows quick turnaround on new
designs and products and gives
our customers a competitive
edge in the marketplace. Our
Just-In-Time philosophy assists
in keeping our customer’s inventories low.
ATI Firth Sterling’s use of
robotic press technology
enhances our ability to produce
a wide variety of shapes at a
competitive price while our stateof-the-art sinter-HIP furnaces
and CNC grinders, including
thread grinding capabilities,
combine to produce a consistently uniform and quality part.
Our quality has established our
reputation for reliability and
excellence.
ATI Firth Sterling’s combination of quality materials,
rapid prototyping, application
engineering services, quick
deliveries, competitive
prices and customer service
enables you to meet your
carbide needs.
ATI Firth Sterling carbide components are sinter hipped for added strength and durability.
rock formation guide
A rock formation’s drillability is difficult to classify. It depends on the silica content of the rock, grain size
or compressive strength, rock joints or fractures, bedding, alteration by chemical or surface weathering,
the direction of drilling and numerous other factors. The information below is meant only as a general
guide to rock’s drillability and all the types of rocks shown do not represent a comprehensive list of
rocks in each classification.
Some additional general guidelines:
As the compressive strength of the rock increases, the toughness of the carbide should increase. As
the silica content of the rock increases, the wear resistance of the carbide should increase. Additional
factors will also play a part in determining the correct carbide grade with the goal to determine the
toughest grade which can be used before wear becomes a detriment to performance.
Hard Rock Formations
Hard formations can be found in igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rock. Igneous rocks formed
by solidification of a molten mass of magma or from an accumulation of very hot volcanic ash are the
hardest rocks to drill, especially in an unaltered state. Igneous rocks are usually very hard and tough
and possess low gravity which causes them to produce low bit life and low penetration rates. A high
percentage of quartz creates a rock with high abrasion, while the ferro-magnesium minerals are less
abrasive, although tougher. Generally, these rock types represent a hardness on the Moh’s scale of
5.0 or harder:
Andesite
Porphyry
Basalt
Quartzite
Chert
Rhyolite
Diorite
Schist
Gabbro
Slate
Granite
Syenite
Hornsfel
Taconite
Pegmatite
Trap Rock
Medium Hard to Medium Soft Rock Formations
Medium hard rock formations generally have had a significant amount of weathering or other degradation, such as fracturing occur. This produces a less compact rock and one that can be more easily
drilled. The compressive strength is nominal, although the silica content can still create a significant wear
factor. Generally, these rock types represent a hardness on the Moh’s scale of between 3.0 and 5.0:
Arkose
Barite
Calcite
Graywacke
Marble
Shale
Soft Rock Formations
Soft rock formations represent the further degradation of metallic ore bodies or harder rock by weathering or water or the action of oxygen into the rock. Although the compressive strength of these rocks
is low, the silica content, if present, can present a wear problem. Generally, these rock types represent
a hardness on the Moh’s scale of less than 3.0:
Argillite
Biotite
Clays
Conglomerate
Copper
Halite
Limestone
Mudstone Sandstone
Dome Shapes for Various Formations
Dome Confuguration
Short Extension
Long Extension
Dome Shape
Ovoid
Cutting Action
Chip, Crush
Ogive
Conical
Parabaloid
Chip, Crush
Chip, Crush
Gouge, Scrape
Gouge, Scrape
Chisel
Gouge, Scrape
Formation
Very Hard
Hard to Very Hard
Medium Hard to Hard
Medium to Low
Compressive Strength
Medium to Soft
Types of Formations
Quartzite, Quartizitic Sands,
Cherts, Basalt
Dolomites, Sandy Shales
Hard Limestones, Dolomites, Hard Sandy
Shales with Soft Shale Inclusions
Shales, Clays, Sands, Red Beds, Salts,
Gumbo
Firm Shales, Anhydrites, Soft Limestones,
Sands, Dolomites
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SOFT FORMATIONS
compacts
SCOOP
CHISEL
Scoops are used in roller cone drill
bits for soft formations where high
penetration rates are required.
Like scoops, these chisel compacts are
used in soft formations where fast
penetration rates are possible and tooth
breakage is minimal.
WEDGE CRESTED CHISEL
These type of chisel compacts are used in the
outer row, or gage row of roller cone bits.
2
soft formation compacts
HARD FORMATIONS
MEDIUM FORMATIONS
compacts
WING TIP
SINGLE CONICAL
This chisel shaped compact has been
designed for raised bore drilling in
mining operations.
Single conicals are used in formations
of medium hardness in both roller cone
and percussion bits.
DOUBLE CONICAL
PARABOLIC
Double conical compacts are used in
roller cone bits for drilling medum-hard
to hard formations.
These parabolic, ballistic or ogive
compacts are used in medium-hard
rock formations in both roller cone and
percussion bits.
soft, medium and hard formation compacts
3
compacts
HARD FORMATIONS
MULTI-DOME
These compacts are specially designed for faster
drilling rates in percussion bits. Their unique
shapes allow for extended bit life before re-sharpening is required.
OVOID
These round or ovoid shaped compacts are used in
both percussion bits and roller cone bits (and other
applications), where very hard formations are drilled.
4
hard formation compacts
wear parts
FLAT
SERRATED FLAT
Flat compacts are used to reduce wear on
rubbing surfaces found in roller cone drill
bits, diamond bits, down-hole stabilizers,
and numerous other applications.
These compacts are also used to
prevent rubbing wear on steel surfaces
and where it is more economical to drill
less precision holes.
ENGINEERED HARDFACING
Shaped carbide, either discs or stars, are brazed
onto drilling tools that are used to cut steel casing or
to help remove down-hole junk.
wear parts
5
nozzles
STANDARD
THREADED
A wide variety of nozzles are available
for all types of drill bits and unique applications requiring precise flow control.
Threaded, one-piece tungsten carbide
nozzles are used in many types of
diamond bits and hole opening tools.
WEAR SLEEVES
Cemented tungsten carbide wear
sleeves are used to prevent fluid erosion
in the steel components of down-hole
drilling tools.
6
nozzles
gage bricks
substrates
GAGE BRICKS
PDC SUBSTRATES
Carbide bricks are used in diamond bits
to reduce wear on the outer gage surfaces
that rub against rock during drilling.
These shapes are custom designed and
produced to high tolerance dimensionally
and metallurgically for a number of
applications, including diamond drill bits.
infiltrated powder and binders
INFILTRATED POWDER AND BINDERS
ATI Firth Sterling manufactures a broad spectrum of
tungsten carbide powders and binder alloys using various
high quality components for use in bit bodies of natural
diamond and impregnated diamond drill bits, core bits, and
other wear applications.
gage bricks • substrates • infiltrated powder and binders
7
grade comparisons
92.0
307
89.0
GWC11
MPD51
248
284
635
941
M13
88.0
90
251
635
240 241
122 906 931
87.0
222
920
55B
239
231
922
BU53
AF63
91
MPD2C
60B
RB52
HB72
NM3
409
M09
I
TONC
U RE
G A
H SI
N N
ES G
S
90.0
86.0
P40
H6
295
671
290
MM01
W I
EA NC
R R
RE EA
SI SI
ST NG
AN
CE
Hardness, Rockwell A Scale
91.0
120
DS53
50B
GWC50
147
15.00
14.00
45B
85.0
40B
18.00
17.00 16.00
13.00 12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
Cobalt Percentage
guide to carbide properties
THIS IS WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO:
WHEN YOU INCREASE:
Cobalt %
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Abrasion
Resistance
Grain
Size
Cobalt Content
Abrasion Resistance
Grain Size
Hardness (RA)
Fracture Toughness
grade comparisons • guide properties
Hardness
(RA)
Fracture
Toughness
1297 County Line Road • Madison, AL 35756
Phone: 800-221-4273 • Fax: 800-221-1895
e-mail: [email protected]
www.atifirthsterling.com