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AMARAVATI GOVERNMENT COMPLEX CONCEPT DESIGN COMPETITION
REPORT
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
INTRODUCTION
The Amaravati Government Complex, as the initial seed development of Amaravati, will set a
standard for the remainder of the city. In the context of an unprecedented and highly
symbolic endeavor, this project must answer to the highest of aspirations of Andra Pradesh
and of 21st Century India as a whole.
The fundamental basis of the Master Plan is that Capital City - located at the center of
Amaravati - should unite, rather than divide the city; it must draw people to it, become a
center of activity, a true “people’s capital”. It should offer a series of places, plazas, and
buildings that connect the site to the Riverside and the city . It should offer a variety of
amenities to supplement Government functions and catalyze urban life.
What are the core values that will define this new city and make it a place of gathering?
From the brief and through our explorations, we summarize as follows:
- The development must be smart, green, and sustainable at all scales
-Ecological design principles at macro-scale
-Sustainable design principles at micro-scale - low tech passive design
-Resilient design at urban scale - maintaining a safe environment during disasters
-Sensitivity to long term growth - a landscape designed to evolve with the city
UNITING AMARAVATI
- The development must be democratic, highly public, and vibrant
-Work environment balanced by daily necessities and amenities.
-Home environment independent from work, but still close by.
-Both work and home supplemented by culture for a balanced life.
-Security as a key to public life and vibrance - “invisible security”
- The development must exhibit “formality,” not “monumentality”
-the “image and aura of democratic governance” (from Jury comments) -symbolic weight as new capital symbol
-modern and functional, but respecting traditions
-a landmark with a memorable skyline
This document is organized in three sections, corresponding to these major themes - all of
which weave together to create the final vision for Amaravati Government Complex:
-Master Planning: establishing a framework for human-scaled, ecological
development (including building allocation, infrastructure, transportation, and
programming) - for a vibrant, secure, and functional urban complex.
CATALYZING URBAN LIFE AND CONNECTIONS
-Landscape Planning: establishing landscape planning and details that integrate the
built landscape into a cohesive, sustainable whole - connecting the complex to the
surrounding city and eco-systems.
-Architectural Planning: establishing an architectural language appropriate for 21st
century India’s evolving democracy and populace - creating comfortable and functional
work environments that support this vision.
AMARAVATI GOVERNMENT COMPLEX CONCEPT DESIGN COMPETITION - 01
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
I - MASTER PLANNING APPROACH
MASTER PLANNING:
PRECEDENTS
In studying examples from around the world, we
note that the framework of the Amaravati site has
similarities in scale to iconic developments across
the world. As such, these developments can be
studied to glean both positive and negative aspects
and better shape the planning at Amaravati.
- The Washington DC Capital Mall has developed
based on the McMillan plan from 1901; buildings
and monuments continue to be added today. Its
highly symmetrical and axial nature can be seen as
overly formal, but its programming - a series of
public museums and event spaces well loved by
both residents and tourists - offers a good lesson for
Amaravati. These public programs give the Mall a
life and energy that would otherwise be missing.
- The New Delhi government complex was
inaugurated in 1931. It has a similar sense of
grandeur and axiality as Washington DC. Though it
can feel alienating and overly monumental, its
sense of order offers a unique contrast to its
surroundings. It represents a welcome moment of
long vistas and greenery within the more dense
surroundings of Delhi proper.
- The Brasilia government complex, inaugurated in
1960, remains over scaled and lacking a sense of
urbanity and vitality. It does, however, offer an
iconic, contemporary look, fitting for a forward
looking government complex, and avoiding
reference to past building styles and technologies.
Amaravati Government Complex site:
from south to north, three 1 kilometer by
1 kilometer squares, with an additional
irregularly shaped parcel at the north
(bisected by the Bund Road and facing
the Krishna River).
Distinguishing Amaravati from these and other
examples will be its unique site - its relationship to
water (the Krishna River and its tributaries) as well
as its connections to the surrounding landscape,
mountains, and fertile agricultural soils.
Understanding and mobilizing this site potential via
landscape therefore becomes the first step in our
development of the overall Master Plan.
WASHINGTON DC, USA - 1901
NEW DELHI, INDIA - 1931
BRASILIA, BRAZIL - 1960
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The two sketches to the left are early studies of the
Government Complex site in relation to its larger
context. The top sketch shows the site in relation
to nearby mountains and waterways. The bottom
sketch shows the immediate site in relation to
existing villages, agricultural developments, and the
waterways supplying them.
Two distinct grid patterns exist on the site:
1. Derived from the N-S-E-W cardinal directions
and the mountains / forest reserves to the north,
this pattern forms the primary grid of the
Government Complex. The Krishna River in the
immediate site vicinity runs E - W.
REGION: EXISTING AGRICULTURAL GRID JUXTAPOSED TO THE PROPOSED CITY GRID
Central Park (similar in size to proposed
Capital Complex) serves as an amenity for
residents, a tourist attraction, and an
important green environmental control
system for the larger New York City area characteristics that Amaravati Capital
Complex site can also encompass.
CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK, USA - 1857
2. Derived from the larger scale Krishna River flow,
prevailing wind direction, and current agricultural
grid (plots and irrigation systems), this pattern runs
in a NW - SE direction. Current village formations
follow this grid.
In our opinion, the landscape of the Government
Complex should respond to existing scales and
patterns as well as the proposed, idealized ones.
The Central Axis linking the site North to South is
based on ideal cardinal directions and Vastu
considerations. This axis could be inflected by the
orientation and scale of the exigent grid, to create a
less monumental /more accessible network of open
spaces - a “people’s axis” in the context of a
“central park for government.”
CAPITAL CITY: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SITE AND EXISTING VILLAGES / WATERWAYS
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
URBAN GROWTH CONSIDERATIONS
An examination of larger scale Amaravati planning
studies from the consultant Surbana show some
tendencies on projected growth and development
of the urban area, following initial construction of
the Government Complex.
While current master plans have been updated to
include the northern end of Justice City as an
institutional zone, earlier versions show these
locations are earmarked as housing and commercial
zones, rather than institutional.
LAND USE PLAN, DECEMBER 15, 2015
Other studies in the Stage 1 Presentation document
(January 2016) indicate that “priority projects” do
not include the northern sections of Justice City.
This seems to be in conflict with the stated
intention to build the High Court as part of the seed
development, but is congruent with separate
studies of development patterns which clearly
indicate city growth to the east (Vijayawada), rather
than towards the south / Justice City.
FINAL STAGE 1 PRESENTATION, JAN. 2016
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 4
STAGE 5
STAGE 3
Above: land-use plans from Surbana
Master Plan, indicating zoning patterns
and priority developments.
Below: time lapse development pattern
from Surbana Master Plan. The southern
parts of the city (Justice City area) are
earmarked for later development. This
follows historical city patterns - areas
closer to water bodies develop first.
We also assume that - ideally speaking - all three
Government buildings should be located close to
each other, for ease of movement and simplifying
security zoning. Locating the High Court at the
southern end of the site (northern tip of “Justice
City”) will result in a high degree of isolation,
especially during the initial years of Amaravati’s life.
It will not be able to participate fully in the initial
urban vision concentrated along the Krishna River.
Overall, it seems clear that the planning documents
are inconclusive on the overall structure and timing
of Justice City within the larger development. It is
for this reason, we assume, that the Competition
Brief specifically allows for flexibility in High Court
location and its relationship to Justice City.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
SITING STRATEGY
LEGISLATURE
SECRETARIAT
HIGH COURT
Bangalore Legislature, Secretariat, and High Court are located in
close proximity - the ideal arrangement in terms of internal
relationships, document movement, and security.
As a starting point for more detailed considerations
of the facility siting strategy, the following general
considerations / questions were examined:
-What is the ideal relationship between the various
government branches?
-What are the precedents in Indian for siting
Government buildings / complexes?
-How is the site allocation diagram provided in the
Brief best interpreted?
Clearly the three Government Branches are best
located in close quarters, as these institutions are
interwoven conceptually and literally. Broadly
considered, these facilities all require enhanced
security, and related supporting facilities of similar
grade and character. They are allied in spirit - all
pillars of a working democratic system - and would
naturally benefit functionally from proximity.
Building in an existing urban fabric, it is of course
difficult or impossible to achieve this idealized
pattern. Chandigarh (a new city) is an exception
and there are others; the example we found that
most closely mimics an ideal relationship in built
form is at Bangalore, pictured to the left. The
Legislature and Secretariat assume a particularly
close relationship, presumably necessitated by
frequent physical movement of people and
documents back and forth.
Indicative zoning diagram provided in the Brief. Legislature and
Secretariat are located in the Northern sector of the site, while the
High Court is located to the south.
Diagram showing the notional organization of Indian Government.
The three branches serve simultaneously to create, engage, and
interpret the law of the land.
The Brief diagram seems to indicates a close
relationship between the Legislature and
Secretariat at the northern quadrant of the site, but
locates the High Court well to the south. This
follows the Master Plan location - the High Court as
part of “Justice City” to the South. The Brief
diagram, however, is only notational - and (as we
have noted) the location of the High Court is singled
out as open for interpretation by the competition
participants.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
FORMALITY AND FLEXIBILITY
KRISHNA
RIVERFRONT
KRISHNA
RIVERFRONT
GOVERNMENT SECTOR
BLOCK 1
OVERALL GROUPING:
“FORMAL ZONE”
BLOCK 1
BLOCK 2
HOUSING / CULTURE SECTOR
Initial site planning considerations focused on the
general character that should prevail on the site
from North to South.
Blocks 1 and 2: Government Sector
- As we have noted, this is likely to form the most
concentrated development area during the initial life
of the city. Government Institutions should, as far as
possible, be consolidated here, between the
Downtown Road and the Krishna River.
Blocks 3 and 4: Housing / Culture Sector
- The blocks south of the Downtown Road will
necessarily be comprised of housing and amenities
supporting Blocks 1 and 2.
- This clear initial distinction between Sectors allows
for each to develop an appropriate synergy and scale
and an easily legible character.
BLOCK 3
“FLEXIBLE ZONE”
GROUPING WITHIN BLOCKS 1 AND 2:
BLOCK 2
BLOCK 4
Block 1: Formal Zone
- This area has a strong connection and views to the
Krishna River; it is highly visible. Accordingly, we
believe that this zone should have the most formal
development, both from a programmatic and an
architectural point of view. It should be fully
controlled /choreographed as part of the Master
Plan by the Master Architect.
Block 2: Flexible Zone
- This area will be immediately accessible from the
Downtown Road and defines the center of Capital
City. The number and variety of Institutions in this
larger Zone will require consolidation of a wide
variety of factors in final planning. Accordingly, we
believe Block 2 must allow flexibility in development
and plus / minus considerations taken before
finalization.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
KRISHNA RIVER
LEGISLATURE
HIGH COURT
AMARAVATI SQUARE
Right above: Legislature, High Court sited across Amaravati Square. Heads of Departments
(HOD) are located adjacent to the Secretariat. Three main buildings have views over the
Krishna River; the Secretariat is the tallest and sits in the Southwest corner, at the center of
Government City and easily accessed via the Downtown Road.
Right: Master planning allows for flexibility in locating the Secretariat. Option 1 provides
best connectivity between Secretariat and Legislature. Option 2 puts the Secretariat at the
center of the Institutional Block, with the best connectivity to various HOD sections.
We believe this to be the ideal siting for the
following reasons:
- A complete and coherent urban vision will be
evident from the beginning of Amaravati’ s history.
Amaravati Square, bridging between the Legislature
and High Court is considered part of this initial seed
project - completed in 2019 and controlled /
designed by the Master Architect as well.
-The two main buildings will have a strong presence
along the Krishna River, while ensuring that the
Square remains open (Legislature and Secretariat are
tightly bound by movement back and forth of Chief
Minister, but High Court is not). Amaravati Square is
fully public and the “people’s axis” continues
uninterrupted to the River.
-In terms of Vastu relationships, the largest and
tallest structure - the Secretariat, seat of the
Honorable Chief Minister - is located at the
Southwest corner of the Government Complex. This
building will also have views of the Krishna from the
upper floors, the location of the Chief Minister and
Chief Secretary Suites.
HEADS OF DEPARTMENT
SECRETARIAT
Above: Proposed shift of High Court to a more prominent location, and the Secretariat to
the Southwest corner of Block 2. This will eliminate isolation of the High Court complex,
create better integration of government functions, and allow for a single complex
(Legislature, High Court, and Amaravati Square) to define the new Amaravati City in 2019.
KRISHNA
RIVERFRONT
CHIEF MINISTER
RESIDENCE
RAJ BHAVAN
SECRETARIAT
(FLEXIBLE ZONE)
AMARAVATI SQUARE
(FORMAL ZONE)
CAPITAL RIVERWALK
Based on the considerations outlined on the
previous pages, our Master Plan proposes to shift
the High Court to the north, sited in tandem with
the Legislature, and Amaravati Square in between.
The Secretariat is located at the Southwest corner
of Block 2, with HOD buildings running extending
north as shown.
L
HC
DOWNTOWN ROAD
L
HC
L
HC
S
S
S
PROPOSED
OPTION 1
-The Secretariat, which has 2000 visitors / day, is
easily accessed along the Downtown road via car,
bus, and future subway stations. It sits symbolically
at the center of Government City as a whole.
-Initial site level energy plant and infrastructure
trunk line requirements are consolidated; the project
can be completed more quickly / with fewer
resources than if the High Court is located 3
kilometers to the south.
- From a construction / phasing point of view, the
first two major projects can be considered as a single
site, simplifying construction logistics and sharing
resources such as concrete batching / pre-cast /
crane infrastructure.
OPTION 2
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
CULTURE
MEADOW
GAZETTED
OFFICERS
GOI EMPLOYEES
NON-GAZETTED
OFFICERS
ALS
ALS
CLASS IV
ATHLETIC
MEADOW
MLA & MLC
NON-GAZETTED
OFFICERS
TULLURU CANAL
CHIEF JUSTICE
PERIMETER GREEN BUFFER
HOUSING BLOCKS
EAST - WEST GREEN PASSAGE
BUNGALOWS
OPEN GREEN SPACE
WIND / AIR PASSAGE
CONNECTING PUBLIC PROGRAMS
IN SURROUNDING ZONES
(PARKS, SCHOOLS, INSTITUTIONS)
CABINET
MINISTERS
JUDGES
Housing blocks are located as shown in the diagram
to the left. Taller volumes are sited at city street
perimeters, whereas bungalow types are located
towards the interior (along the central landscape
axis and along the Canal to the south). The intent
of this massing is to afford all blocks visual and
physical access to the central green space.
Wind direction was a key consideration in the
development of the staggered building siting
strategy and the introduction of east-west green
passages. These cross-corridors provide pedestrian
and cycle access to the site perimeter and connect
to nearby schools, parks, etc., effectively stitching
different zones of the city together.
The two expanded green “meadows” are enclosed
and defined by larger housing volumes. These
meadows accommodate the MICE (Meetings,
Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions) facilities from
the Brief, as well as other cultural, and athletic
facilities to supplement daily life.
The zone perimeter is defined by thick tree rows,
serving as visual and acoustic buffers against the
busy street. East to West cross-corridors are also
lined with green and coordinated with security
zones to create a safe, shaded network of open
space. Vehicular access to all plots is via the inner
loop road only; parking is provided at all blocks via
a combination of surface and piloti spaces below
the housing volumes themselves.
Above: Diagram showing locations of the primary Housing groups. Siting is intended to
allow for easy passage / permeability of wind, and light, while still providing a shaded, safe
environment for family life.
Right: Wind rose indicating primary flows in the E-W and SW - NE directions.
Left: Diagram outlining siting / landscape strategies for the Housing / Culture sector.
East-West green passages create connections to surrounding schools, parks, and other
public amenities, stitching the Capital City to Amaravati as a whole.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
OVERALL SITE ZONING
KRISHNA RIVER
AMARAVATI SQUARE ZONE
PEOPLE’S LAWN AND CAPITAL RIVERWALK
FORMAL
Amaravati Square Zone: This will contain the first
project built in Capital City - the consolidated
Legislature, High Court, and Amaravati Square
project - which will establish a firm presence along
the Krishna River immediately. The Raj Bhavan and
Honorable Chief Minister Residence are also
located here, together with the connecting
landscape to the River, known as “People’s Lawn”
and “Capital Riverwalk.”
Secretariat Zone : HOD and Government of India
Buildings are located between the Secretariat and
the Legislature / High Court group. These buildings
define the lively “people’s axis” that connects these
facilities and leads to Amaravati Square. The spine
is animated with retail space and cafes, connected
by smaller gardens and platforms that link north to
south. International Consulates, Centers, and UN
related programs will be located along the edges of
this block
FLEXIBLE
SECRETARIAT
DEPARTMENT HEADS
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OFFICES
CONSULATES
INTERNATIONAL CENTRES
UN - RELATED PROGRAMS
MEDIUM SECURITY
1 KILOMETER
SECRETARIAT ZONE
GOVERNMENT SECTOR
HIGH SECURITY
HIGH COURT
LEGISLATURE
RAJ BHAVAN
CM RESIDENCE
GOVERNMENT SECTOR
CULTURE AND HOUSING SECTOR
ATHLETIC FACILITIES
NON-GAZETTED OFFICER HOUSING
CLASS IV HOUSING
STATE GUEST HOUSE
CHIEF JUSTICE HOUSE
JUDGE’ S HOUSING
CABINET MINISTER HOUSING
MEDIUM SECURITY
1 KILOMETER
CANAL ZONE
Culture Zone: Higher housing volumes define the
edges of this block, with lower bungalows towards
the center. The zone is characterized by additional
cultural facilities, an active art program, and an
observation tower towards the Downtown Road to
attract tourists.
CULTURE / HOUSING SECTOR
CULTURAL / ARTS FACILITIES
OBSERVATION TOWER
AIS OFFICERS HOUSING
MLA / MLC HOUSING
GAZETTED OFFICER HOUSING
NON-GAZETTED OFFICER HOUSING
RESIDENTIAL SECURITY
1 KILOMETER
CULTURE ZONE
Canal Zone: This quiet zone south of the waterway
houses the Chief Justice and Judge’s residences,
together with the State Guest House and Cabinet
Minister’s housing.
GOVERNMENT
INTERNATIONAL
FACILITIES
HOUSING
PUBLIC ZONE
Security zoning will be consolidated as indicated to
the left. High / medium security zones characterize
the extremities of the site, while the central areas
are maintained with more open, residential-level
security details. The Government sector can be
considered autonomous and afforded higher levels
of security without impinging on the resident’s
freedom.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
SUBWAY
SHADED VIEWING AREA
HARD STONE PAVING PATTERN
SHADED VIEWING AREA
PARADE ROAD
ARTERIAL ROAD SYSTEM
TREE PLANTINGS AS VISUAL / ACOUSTIC BUFFER
PEDESTRIAN
BIKE
BUS LOOP / INTERNAL ROADWAY
BIKE
PEDESTRIAN
SECURITY
INTERNAL BUS LOOP
SECURITY
SUBWAY
ROAD TYPE I
ROAD TYPE II
SUBWAY AND INTERNAL BUS LOOP
ROAD TYPES / ACCESS POINTS
SUBWAY
ROAD TYPE I
SUBWAY STATION
ROAD TYPE II
BUS LOOP
ROAD TYPE III
BUS STOP
PARADE ROAD
ACCESS POINT
MASTER PLANNING: TRANSPORTATION
The Master Plan strategically locates the Secretariat and Department Heads along the Downtown Road to
connect seamlessly and help service the 2000+ visitors expected each day. The Housing zone and
Government zones are linked by an internal loop road which accommodates a dedicated bus loop system
and bicycle lanes, reducing the demands on the external roads and providing internal, secure transport
within the Government City.
The development of Capital City should - if possible - occur with development of transportation
infrastructure that can support its projected population. It is expected that these demands will first be
met via bus systems, but eventually require subways as the population projections are met.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
HIGH SECURITY ZONE
PED.
BIKE
INTERNAL ROADWAY
BIKE
PED.
2 LEVEL PARKING
HIGH SECURITY ZONE
ROAD TYPE II
LOW SECURITY ZONE
2 LEVEL PARKING
SURFACE PARKING
LOW SECURITY ZONE
RETAIL
“PEOPLE’S AXIS”
SITE SECTION SHOWING “INVISIBLE SECURITY” VERTICAL ZONING
Security zoning corresponds closely to program blocks.
All zones at the perimeter are further secured via their
sectional height (+25) above the surrounding landscape.
The “People’s Axis” pathways are below this level which
allows them to remain open and continuous. Where the
public zones are raised to +25 level, continuous water
features serve as security zoning demarcation, and the
landscape continues uninterrupted, over the Bund Road,
and connects to the Krishna River.
PARKING ALLOCATION
SURFACE PARKING (EL. 23.5 to 25.0)
DOUBLE-STORY PARKING (EL. 21.5 + EL. 25.0)
PARKING BELOW BUILDING (EL. 21.5)
Note: parking numbers have been accommodated in the
Master Plan as per revised program received on January
19, 2016. Legislature, High Court, and Secretariat parking
layouts are contained in the architectural plan set. Other
parking areas are sized on area / car allocation basis.
MASTER PLANNING: PARKING AND SECURITY
Each of program block is afforded dedicated parking defined via security zoning /control points. Surface
parking is utilized where density is not a concern, or where avoiding parking under buildings is the goal.
Double story parking (taking advantage of the site section as shown) is used where denser parking is
required and security allows. Portions of the HOD and Housing Blocks utilize piloti space below buildings
to minimize impact on surrounding green space and maximize convenience.
Parking is used as virtual “fill” to allow building plinth level at +25m without massive soilworks. Levels
below +25m are considered to be part of a lower security zoning. This easily-maintained vertical security
stratification helps promote “invisible” security on site.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
MASTER PLANNING:
CULTURE AND ART PROGRAMS
The daily life of Government City will be
supplemented as follows, creating a vibrant, lively
atmosphere throughout the day and evening.
-The “Culture Meadow” in the People’s Axis
contains MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences,
Exhibitions) facilities per the Brief. These are
supplemented with a public observation tower
(overlooking the site, landscape, and Vijayawada)
and a historical museum highlighting regional
history. These facilities target tourists and visitors
who otherwise might not visit Government City. A
library for residents can be developed with the
Museum, or as a separate facility.
-The “Athletic Meadow” houses a gymnasium,
tennis courts, cricket ground, and swimming
facilities for residents and visitors alike.
CULTURAL
FACILITIES
-A dedicated art program will utilize the art budget
not only to purchase iconic works, but to develop a
continuing curated program of art events. The
People’s Axis will become an outdoor museum for
art installations of all types. The ever changing
exhibits will draw repeat visitors, and offer a
welcome change of scenery for residents and
workers. Iconic works can be located around major
Government buildings (in their secured courtyards)
and other highly visible locations.
ATHLETIC
FACILITIES
RETAIL AND PUBLIC FACILITIES
-Food / Beverage / Retail locations utilize the
separate and secured ground floor parking level of
Government and Housing blocks, spread
throughout the complex. These are supplemented
by kiosks that add to the variety and texture of the
People’s Axis and support daily life at all levels.
ART PROGRAM
RETAIL / F&B
“ART ZONE”
PUBLIC FACILITIES
TEMPORARY / PERMANENT INSTALLATIONS
TEMPORARY RETAIL / F&B KIOSKS
PERMANENT INSTALLATIONS (SECURED LOCATIONS)
OBSERVATION TOWER
Left: A vibrant lightscape for the People’s Axis will be developed
to attract visitors in the evening hours and ensure that the
neighborhood is safe and lively even after the Government
workday is complete. Supplementing standard safety lighting,
this will help create a more secure environment “invisibly” .
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LIGHTING DIAGRAM
MASTER PLANNING:
INFRASTRUCTURE / RENEWABLE ENERGY
At this competition stage, it is difficult to assess energy infrastructure requirements; feasibility of specific
proposals in relation to the coordination required with other disciplines is also limited. Accordingly, the
current design is limited to broad principles, which will require confirmation and adjustment in
accordance with Government officials and planners following the competition.
The projected population for the entire Government City (including the Capital Complex) is over 200,000,
with a working (daytime) population of close to 60,000 at the Capital Complex. Roughly 1/4 of the total
population will reside within the Capital Complex itself. By this estimate, both the daytime and evening
populations of the Capital City are balanced at close to 60,000 people.
Under these assumptions, our rough cut consumption numbers are:
Water: 21,000 cubic meters / day
Sewage: 21,000 cubic meters / day (not including rainwater)
Electricity: 201,600 MWh / year
Energy, water, IT, and other service infrastructure will be brought to the site via Downtown Road. From
this juncture, we are proposing a main looped branch to distribute services north and south. Redundant
secondary loops service the Government Zones and the Housing Zones separately; we recommend
separate back-up connection capacity be maintained for each (distinct from the Downtown Road mains).
Both the main and sub loops will connect to 2 main infrastructure nodes (for electricity, sewage, and
water plants). These have been established as clear zones in the Master Plan, but final locations of the
required equipment plants will need further refinement as information is consolidated. Sub nodes and
block level infrastructure nodes can also be expected as requirements, and will need to be coordinated
together to ensure functionality and easy access without sacrificing the continuity of the Master Plan.
If 10% of this electrical energy requirement is produced via renewable sources, the requirement is roughly
20,000 MWh / year. If the energy demand can be reduced via best sustainable building practices by 20%,
the figure drops to 16,000 MWh / year. While this is a strict target, utilization of the extensive rooftop
areas together with a looped storage and distribution system can be proposed to meet this demand. A
balance will need to be established between this rooftop energy production, rooftop rainwater harvesting,
and green roof insulation systems.
INFRASTRUCTURE LOOPS / NODES
RENEWABLE ENERGY / GREEN ROOFS
MAIN INFRASTRUCTURE TRUNK
GREEN ROOFS
MAIN INFRASTRUCTURE LOOP
SOLAR COLLECTORS
SUB INFRASTRUCTURE LOOP
SHARED STORAGE LOOP
BACK-UP CONNECTION (FOR RESILIENCE)
SHARED BACK-UP CONNECTION
MAIN INFRASTRUCTURE NODE
BRANCHES (AS REQUIRED)
SUB INFRASTRUCTURE NODE
STORAGE NODE (SHARED)
BLOCK INFRASTRUCTURE NODE
STORAGE NODE (DEDICATED)
Right: Typical solar array. The extensive roof areas of the
Capital City Complex offer ample opportunities to utilize this
reliable and increasingly efficient technology. Care needs to
be taken to ensure proper storage and integration with the
available grid systems and avoid wasted capacity.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
II - LANDSCAPE APPROACH
LANDSCAPE PLANNING DIAGRAMS
OPEN SPACE AXIS AND GREENERY
The proposed “Civic Axis” is redefined as a series of human-scaled open
spaces which maintain north-south connections to surrounding landscape
while breaking down the monumental scale of this spine.
WATER CONNECTIONS
URBAN FORESTS (PLATFORMS / EXTENSIONS) AND PLANTED TREES
Proposed waterways also take on a human scale, responding
to specific activities, proposed facilities, and the overall network
of connections to a proposed canal in the south part of the site.
East-West Roadways are characterized by green cross connectors, “Urban Forests”. North-South Roads
are sheltered by three rows of trees, serving as both visual and auditory buffers. This greenery provides a
sense of arrival, contrast to the surroundings, and visual orientation for visitors.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LANDSCAPE PLANNING:
DETAILS
SITE AS “GREEN RESERVOIR” :
GROWING STRUCTURE
WATER MANAGEMENT
ES
CH
AN
Green East-West branches lead
outwards from the Civic Axis. They
have different characters
associated with program and
location and extend beyond the
site boundary to stitch together
the Capital City with surrounding
developments.
EEN
GR
RE
IC
CIV
EEN
GR
Dra
BR
OIR
V
SER
IS
AX
V
SER
RE
These branches - called “Urban
Forests” - are created landscapes
to provide valuable ecological and
environmental services. They will
moderate micro climate, enable
ground water recharge, provide
shade, conserve local biodiversity
and act as a green lung.
IR
s
en
ard
in G
Ra
VO
SER
RE ms)
OL stor
R
NT cted
s
CO xpe
en
OD or une
ard
O
nG
FL (f
The Civic Axis will function as a
flood control reservoir during
extreme rainfall. Both low grass
fields and filtering greens will
control and disperse flooding. The
“Urban Forests” include detention
ponds and infiltration basins to
control rainfall. Collected water
can be used for irrigation.
ES
H
NC
RA
B
OIR
The four axonometric sketches to the left show the
development of the Central Axis into a “People’s
Axis” The axis serves as a continuous north to
south connector for Government City, an active
spine characterized by rich greenery, waterscapes,
and a continuous series of terraced open spaces.
ork
tw
Ne
ge
ina
i
Ra
ge
na
rai
ork
tw
Ne
D
These open spaces connect and extend across the
site boundaries to the east and west, stitching
together Government City with surrounding parks,
schools, and other open spaces. Overly rigid
monumentality is replaced with a human-scaled
but still formal aesthetic.
This series of rain gardens create a
cohesive green reservoir that is
sustainable and educational - a
place where you can see and feel
the ecological systems and natural
environment at the foundation of
the Amaravati water and green
systems.
BO
CA
AL
UE
SQ
PIT
I
AT
AV
E
AR
AM QUAR
S
Site levels are controlled and water is collected and
channelled to the south during heavy rain or
flooding conditions. Dedicated filtering green zones
return to vegetated state when waters recede.
Further details on the system are provided in the
Urban Design Guidelines report.
RIV
OW
W
F
L
AL
ES
AC
RR
E
T
SITE AS ‘GREEN RESERVOIR' :
SHADING NETWORKS
ree
lT
ura
ves
Gro
t
Na
ree
T
N-S
lts
Be
UE
SQ
Green shade connects different
spaces of the city, providing shade
for people and reducing urban
heat island effect.
s
elt
B
ree
T
N-S
BO
ES
RI
SE
O
SM
LK
AD
O
AD
E
CM
ETI
HL
AT
LT
ME
WA
The “Green Reservoir” is designed
with small terraces at different
levels. Topography differences
create secure boundaries without
disturbing the open spaces with
fences and walls - “invisible
security”.
CU
E
UR
ER
A HUMAN-SCALE LANDSCAPE
Within the “Green Reservoir” ,
different natural tree groves are
designed at varying densities. At
Amaravati Square and South
Plaza , Bosques (more formal tree
patterns) are applied.
The terraces support numerous
activities, improving life quality for
residents - including cafés, shops,
and other recreational zones that
connect visually to the Civic Axis’
natural scenery.
MONUMENTAL “CIVIC AXIS”
20th CENTURY MODEL
25.0 URBAN PLAZA
25.0 URBAN GARDEN
23.0 WOODEN GARDEN
22.0 NURSERY
21.0 GRASS FIELD
20.0 FILTERING GREEN
20.0 WATER
21st CENTURY MODEL
Conceptual diagram showing transformation of the Central
Axis from its singular, monumental image to a smaller scaled,
more vibrant, and intimate series of spaces. Continuity and
connection to larger landscape is maintained while also
creating a series of people-oriented spaces.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
NAME / ELEVATION
2019
2029
ENVIRONMENTAL / UD / SPATIAL QUALITIES
URBAN PLAZA
+25 / +23.5
Paved, formal, open spaces with trees in geometric patterns for
shading. Seating is integrated but enough open space for
ad-hoc activities; tent structures provide additional shading.
Maintenance, cleaning, and management are required.
URBAN GARDEN
+25 / +23.5
Highly manicured, more formal garden spaces with dedicated
water features and seating. Generally speaking, these are
completed at time of construction. Maintenance, cleaning, and
management are required.
URBAN FOREST
+23
Less formal tree plantings with water, these eventually become
mature tree groves with rich soils and deep shade for walking
and resting. These zones extend East-West across site
boundaries, stitching Capital Complex to its surroundings.
NURSERY
+22
Tree planting areas to develop mature trees for transplantation
on site; open areas produce green materials for future city
development. Agriculture production for the local community
is also an option for these zones.
GRASS FIELD
+21
Simple, open fields for outdoor recreation and informal sports.
Pathways and patterns develop organically through time and
usage. These areas also absorb rising water during unusual
flooding / deluge events.
GREEN FILTER
+20
Patterned water features and pathways evolve over time,
adding further biodiversity. Area serves to absorb rising water
during unusual flooding / deluge events, when the waterways
will direct water south to the canal system.
EXAMPLE
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LANDSCAPE PLAN: THE “PEOPLE’S AXIS”
(1:2000 - NTS AT A3)
KRISHNA RIVER
CAPITAL RIVERWALK
The final landscape plan at the left outlines the
synthesis of the “People’s Axis” concept. From
North to South, a variety of scales and experiences
are developed that serve to connect Government
City to its surroundings, while also establishing it as
a unique zone within the city.
CAPITAL RIVER WALK
MINOR ARTERIAL ROAD
PEOPLE’S LAWN
PEOPLE’S LAWN
AMARAVATI SQUARE
LEGISLATURE
HIGH COURT
AMARAVATI SQUARE
AMARAVATI SQUARE AND PEOPLE’S LAWN
MINOR ARTERIAL ROAD
AP FOUNTAIN
CAPITAL RIVERWALK - terraces and ramped walkways lead
from the elevated People’s Lawn down to the Krishna.
AP FOUNTAIN
PEOPLE’S LAWN - overlooking Amaravati Square, the lawn and
pathways allow for uninterrupted passage over the Bund
Road. A 500 car parking lot is underneath, serving the Raj
Bhavan and CM Residences for events, and the public at other
times.
LINGAYA PALEM
RAYAPUDI
PARK
NORTH
RAYAPUDI NORTH PARK
RAYAPUDI
SECRETARIAT
RAYAPUDI NORTH PARK
DOWN TOWN ROAD
AMARAVATI SQUARE - a formal square fronting Legislature
and High Court, defined by the Parade Road to its south and
water features on either side. The Square encompasses trees
and tent kiosks for shade, and can accommodate parade
events in conjunction with the Parade Road.
MICE COMPLEX
CULTURE MEADOW
AP FOUNTAIN - a water feature and fountain in the shape of
the new Andra Pradesh. It is intended as a gathering /
meeting point along Downtown Road.
CULTURE MEADOW
MINOR ARTERIAL ROAD
MAJOR ARTERIAL ROAD
MICE
COMPLEX
AMPHITHEATRE
RAYAPUDI SOUTH PARK
CULTURE MEADOW - facing Downtown Road, the Culture
Meadow includes MICE facilities, an Observation Tower, and
other public amenities.
RAYAPUDI
PARK
SOUTH
ATHLETIC MEADOW - facing Tulluru Canal, the Athletic
Meadow includes a gymnasium, cricket grounds, tennis courts,
and other public athletic facilities.
MINOR ARTERIAL ROAD
CULTURE MEADOW
OUTDOOR
SPORTS FACILITIES
ATHLETIC MEADOW
TULLURU CANAL - a newly integrated waterway will be part of
the landscape plan and potentially include swimming pools to
be used in conjunction with the athletic facilities.
ATHLETIC MEADOW
INDOOR
SPORTS FACILITIES
(BELOW MOUND)
SWIMMING POOL
TULLURU CANAL
TULLURU CANAL
SOUTH PLAZA - a generous tree bosque defines the crossing
point between Government City and Justice City. The bosque
defines the eastern edge of the State Guest House.
SOUTH PLAZA
EXPRESS WAY
SOUTH
PLAZA
LANDSCAPE PLAN
LEGEND
CAPITAL COMPLEX BOUNDARY
CITY AXIS OF CAPITAL COMPLEX
ROAD
PEDESTRIAN WALK WAY
AMARAVATI GOVERNMENT COMPLEX
CONCEPT DESIGN COMPETITION
RAYAPUDI SOUTH PARK
Open Space / Green & Water Network
URBAN PLAZA 1
URBAN PLAZA 2
URBAN PLAZA 3
URBAN GARDEN 1
URBAN GARDEN 2
LANDSCAPE PLAN
FOR CAPITAL COMPLEX PUBLIC SPACE NETWORK
TREE
PARKING
BUILDING
WATER FEATURE(CANAL/POND)
RIVER
URBAN FOREST
GRASS FIELD
NURSERY
GRASS FILTER
WOODEN DECK TERRACE / WALK WAY
SCALE 1:2000
0 5
25
50
100
120
03
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
13-4 Hachiyama-cho
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo
150-0035 Japan
www.maki-and-associates.co.jp
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LANDSCAPE PLAN (1:1000 - NTS AT A3):
SECRETARIAT / CULTURE ZONE
HOD
BUILDINGS
The 1:1000 detailed landscape plan at left describes
the People’s Axis immediately north and south of
the Downtown Road - the area defining arrival to
the Capital Complex for visitors using this main
arterial via car or bus. Future subway stops will also
be located in this area.
HOD
BUILDINGS
HOD complex includes double-height corner spaces for waiting / lounge areas.
These spaces can also connect or extend departments on different floors, giving
the complex a rich programming flexibility in both plan and section.
SECRETARIAT
DOWNTOWN ROAD
MICE FACILITIES
CULTURE
MEADOW
OBSERVATION
TOWER
AMPHITHEATER
DETAILED SITE PLAN: “PEOPLE’S AXIS”
Housing blocks are designed to enclose
semi-public interior gardens, and to
allow for prevailing winds to pass
through the block.
The blocks themselves are staggered, in
order to allow for better integration of
greenery and also in response to the
prevailing winds.
Blocks are lifted at strategic locations to
allow for the landscape to maintain
continuity and provide a sense of
openness in the East-West direction.
To the north of the Downtown Road, the landscape
is defined by the Secretariat and the Heads of
Department (HOD) complex. The staggering of the
HOD blocks breaks down their mass, and allows for
the introduction of green courtyards that pass
through open piloti spaces to create an East-West
continuity. Landscaped paths and covered
walkways cut across and through the buildings,
creating easy connections between different
departments and buildings.
South of the Downtown Road, the “Culture
Meadow” offers a wide expanse of greenery and
water for visitors, residents, and Government
workers alike. Programmed with the MICE zone
(Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions), a
proposed Museum / Library complex, and an
Observation Tower, this will be an active and open
zone throughout the day and evening.
The Culture Meadow serves as the transition zone
to the Housing areas to the south, where the
People’s Axis continues its sequence of gardens,
terraces, and pathways through to the southern tip
of Government City.
DETAILED SITE SECTION: “PEOPLE’S AXIS”
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LANDSCAPE PLAN (1:1000 - NTS AT A3):
AMARAVATI SQUARE
CAPITAL RIVERWALK
CONNECTION
TO RAJ BHAVAN
500 CAR PARKING
(BELOW GRADE)
Amaravati Square is the climax of the People’s Axis,
comprised of a formal square for events and
parades, an elevated landscape rising over the Bund
Road, and the Capital Riverwalk - a series of
pathways, decks, and gardens that lead from the
elevated landscape to the Krishna River.
The People’s Lawn provides area for viewing events
in Amaravati Square and covers a 500-car parking
lot for the Raj Bhavan and Honorable Chief Minister
use. It also affords elevated views over the Krishna
River. The car park can serve visitors to Capital
Riverwalk or Parade viewers when not in dedicated
use for a private VIP event.
CONNECTION
TO CM
PEOPLE’S LAWN
AMARAVATI
SQUARE
Above: view from Amaravati Plaza to
the north. The Plaza doubles as a
parade ground, with the inclined
People’s Lawn serving as viewing area
for this and other Plaza events. The
lawn conceals a car park underneath
that serves both the Raj Bhavan and
CM Residence.
Right: Example of shallow pool with
fountain.
Left: 1:1000 detail plan of Amaravati
Plaza and Capital Riverwalk zone.
The parade ground utilizes the East-West Road,
lined on both sides with green spectator area, and
then spills into the square. The Square is
characterized by a shallow water pattern and
fountains, but can be quickly and easily drained for
parade use or when humidity is high.
Both Legislature and High Court are high security
zones; however, as there is not much direct back
and forth between them, the Square itself remains
public and the connection through the People’s Axis
to the River can remain open for most of the year.
PARADE ZONE
DETAILED LANDSCAPE PLAN: AMARAVATI PLAZA AND CAPITAL RIVERWALK
DETAILED SITE SECTION: AMARAVATI PLAZA AND CAPITAL RIVERWALK
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
FINAL MASTER PLAN AND SECTIONS
(1:2000 - NTS AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
FINAL MASTER ZONING PLAN
(1:5000 - NTS AT A3)
KRISHNA RIVER
CAPITAL RIVER WALK
Raj Bhavam / Governor’ s
(Office & Residence)
Chief Ministers Residence
LEGISLATURE
HIGH COURT
AMARAVATI SQUARE
Consulates
Agencies for
International
Relations
Head of
Departments
(Autonomous)
Government of
India Offices
International
Cultural Centres
Area for Future
Expansion
Head of
Departments
Head of
Departments
(Autonomous)
PARK
International
Cultural Centres
Head of
Departments
SECRETARIAT
Annex Building
Agencies for
International
Relations
SECRETARIAT
Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
Consulates
RAYAPUDI
NORTH
RAYAPUDI
LINGAYA PALEM
United Nations
related Agencies
MICE
Complex
GOI Employee’ s
Quarters
GOI Employee’ s
Quarters
GOI Employee’ s
Quarters
GOI Employee’ s
Quarters
CULTURE MEADOW
MICE
Complex
Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
MLA’ s & MLC’ s
Quarters
Non-Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
AIS Offices’ s
Residences
AIS Offices’ s
Residences
RAYAPUDI
MLA’ s & MLC’ s
Quarters
PARK
SOUTH
Non-Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
MLA’ s & MLC’ s
Quarters
ClassIV
Employees’
Quarters
Non-Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
Sports
Facilities
Non-Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
ATHLETIC MEADOW
Sports
Facilities
TULLURU
Non-Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
Non-Gazetted
Officer’ s
Quarters
TULLURU CANAL
Chief Justice
Residence
Cabinet
Minister’ s
Residences
Amaravati
House
(State Guest
House)
Judge’ s Residences
SOUTH
PLAZA
LEGEND
CAPITAL COMPLEX BOUNDARY
CITY AXIS OF CAPITAL COMPLEX
URBAN FOREST
Facilities
S1 - GOVERNMENT ZONE
S1' - LOW DENSITY GOVERNMENT ZONE
S2 - EDUCATION ZONE
S3 - SPECIAL ZONE
Commercial
C1 - MIXED USE ZONE
C2 - GENERAL COMMERCIAL ZONE
C3 - NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE ZONE
C4 - TOWN CENTRE ZONE
Open Spaces and Recreation
P1 - PASSIVE ZONE
P2 - ACTIVE ZONE
P3 - PROTECTED ZONE (RIVER)
P3 - PROTECTED ZONE (CANAL)
Residential
R1 - EXISTING SETTLEMENT ZONE
R2 - LOW DENSITY ZONE
R3 - MEDIUM TO HIGH DENSITY ZONE
R4 - HIGH DENSITY ZONE
Infrastructure Reserve
U1 - RESERVE ZONE
AMARAVATI GOVERNMENT COMPLEX
CONCEPT DESIGN COMPETITION
PROPOSED AREA LEVEL MASTER PLAN
SUB-TITLE
SCALE 1:5000
0 10
50
100
200
300
01
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
13-4 Hachiyama-cho
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo
150-0035 Japan
www.maki-and-associates.co.jp
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
III - BUILDING DESIGN APPROACH
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN:
GENERAL CONCERNS
A growing and changing democracy; a severe climate; a growing population and economy;
ever-increasing technical prowess; in this context, India has recently witnessed an influx of
stylish experimentation architecturally, with even the most modern glass and steel buildings
beginning to dot the skyline of Indian cities. Considering this tendency to eschew tradition in
the search for glitz and glamour, the important question is no longer “what is possible?”,
but rather “what is appropriate?” in 21st century Indian architecture.
FATEHPUR SIKRI
As a fundamental principle of our design, we have adopted the goal of formality rather than
monumentality. Monumentality is defined by Merriam Webster as “extreme, resembling a
monument or memorial” - in other words, overwhelming and looking backward, rather than
forward. Formality, on the other hand, is defined by Merriam Webster as “consisting of the
essence of a thing” - in our interpretation, a sense of quality and permanence balanced with
a sense of openness and accessibility. It is extremely important that government buildings in
the 21st century have this transparency - not in the literal sense of having a lot of glass, but
in the sense that they are open and reveal their internal workings to the people.
The overwhelming scale of Louis Kahn’s work in Bangladesh, while powerful and memorable,
presents a blank face to the world inappropriate for today’s India. Other, older examples
from India’s rich architectural history offer better lessons. Indian temples have a sense of
formality, but are well-animated by human-scaled walkways, water features, and courts - as
seen at Chidambaram Temple in Tamil Nadu. The array of interconnected courtyards and
gardens at Fatehpur Sikri is another inspirational model for modern public buildings.
Based on these thoughts, the common strategies that guided our architectural design are:
- Interplay of verticality and horizontality, giving movement and scale to each structure.
- Important programs are given prominence while supporting facilities are lower and more
connected to the landscape.
FATEHPUR SIKRI
- Piloti /open space on ground floor levels create connections and movement across the site
to develop a greater sense of intimacy and community across the complex.
- Low-tech facade systems admit natural wind and light and cut direct sunlight, creating
comfort without dependence on mechanical systems.
- Simply, clear forms utilize standard construction technology (RC, pre-cast) to ensure timely
and economic delivery.
CHIDAMBARAM TEMPLE
Amaravati is an unprecedented opportunity to define an appropriate Indian architecture
that looks forward while still respecting its past. We believe this chance should be used to
its fullest potential, achieving a comfortable, enduring, high-quality environment for the
Andra Pradesh government and setting a new standard for India as a whole.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LEGISLATURE:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
The design of the Legislature, beyond satisfying
complex circulation requirements, is based on the
clear expression of its three fundamental spatial
types - the Assembly and Council spaces, the
surrounding office spaces, and a proposed third
connecting public space called the “Agora”.
The Assembly and Council spaces are given a
distinct, formal quality commensurate with their
importance and responding to their highly specific
program. Surrounding administration and
courtyard spaces are designed as low-rise, easily
legible spaces full of greenery and water features.
Lower volumes are fitted with extensive exterior
shading devices tuned to block direct sun while
reflecting natural light to the interiors. The primary
cladding material will be white Indian granite, with
recessed accent walls in contrasting red travertine.
LEGISLATURE SEEN FROM AMARAVATI SQUARE
All entries to the Legislature are from the North, with
separate access for VVIP, VIP, Administration, and Media /
Visitors. Security boundaries are clearly defined and
dedicated circulation paths are established for the
different constituents. Parking is consolidated to the West,
with discreet zoning internally for different groups.
4; LAWN GARDEN+ PLAZA + ART
CHIEF MINISTER/VVIP
MINISTER /VIP
ADMIN.
MEDIA/VISITOR ROUTE
SEC. BOUNDARY
SEC. CONTROL POINT
The Assembly, Council, Central Hall, and Library are
animated via a series of courtyards that allow for natural
light and air to flow through and around them. Interior
offices and the Courts themselves offer conditioned air for
added comfort. Greenery, water, paving patterns, and
artwork will create a unique atmosphere at each location.
PARKING
Overall zoning of the Legislature programs. A clearly
legible separation of functions allows for easy navigation.
Assembly, Council, Central Hall, and Library are located in
dedicated courtyards, surrounded by Administration and
Staff areas and connected by a central spine running North
- South known as the “Agora”.
LAWN
ASSEMBLY
WATER FEATURE
COUNCIL
PAVEMENT
ADMINISTRATION
WOOD DECK
LIBRARY
PAVILION
Rather than consolidating all Legislature functions within a
single volume, each distinct function (Assembly, Council,
Administration) is given a distinct presence. This creates a
more legible plan organization, and offers the opportunity to
develop sheltered exterior courtyards between blocks, a
welcome amenity for workers and visitors alike.
×
ASSEMBLY HALL
COUNCIL
HALL
ADMINISTRATION
CONCENTRATED VOLUME
CENTRAL HALL
VEHICULAR APPROACH
VOIDS AND GARDENS
DISPERSED VOLUMES AND COURTYARDS
ASSEMBLY
HALL
COUNCIL
HALL
COURTYARD
ADMIN.
COURTYARD
○
COURTYARD
ART
PARKING
ADMIN.
PROPOSED DISPERSED SCHEME
MASSING
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
CM
CM SUITE
CM WAITING HALL
SPEAKER
SPEAKER SUITE
A
SPEAKER WAITING HALL
CHAIRMAN
CHAIRMAN SUITE
MINISTER
MEMBERS LOUNGE
2F
ADMINISTRATION
MEDIA, VISITORS
GALLERY
AGORA
1F
GF
AGORA - A SHADED EXTERIOR SPINE CONNECTING THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE LEGISLATURE COMPLEX
LEGISLATURE: THE “AGORA”
The Legislature complex is characterized by a new type of semi-public space called the “Agora” - a
multi-purpose spine connecting the Assembly, Council, Joint Council, and Library. When Legislature is in
session, the Agora is a secure place of dialogue and discussion for members. When the Assembly is not
in session, this Agora can be opened for more public use - hosting events, exhibits, lectures, etc. - and
connecting Amaravati’s populace to the institution. The Legislature can be seen not as a distant
monument, but as a part of city life during these events.
AGORA
Though seemingly an informal aggregate of interior and exterior spaces, the Greek Agora was actually a
sophisticated multi-use complex, serving as a market, event spaces, and community center. Wikipedia
describes the Agora as “ . . . a central spot in ancient Greek city-states. The literal meaning of the word is
"gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life
of the city . . .”
PRIENE AGORA, 4th CENTURY BC
MEDIA
VISITORS
SPEAKER
CM
MEMBERS
SECTION A
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LEGISLATURE:
ASSEMBLY AND COUNCIL CHAMBERS
The Assembly and Council spaces are composed of
dynamic double-ring spaces, formally expressing a
sense of optimism and outreach - a complex but
fully functional expression of the program inside.
NATURAL VENTILATION
The interstitial zone between rings houses support
spaces and suites for the Honorable Chief Minister,
the Cabinet Members, and the Speaker. The Chief
Minister is afforded a generous double-height office
adjacent to the Cabinet Minsters, while the House
Speaker enjoys an expansive lower level office
directly behind his chamber seat, with views of the
surrounding greenery.
DIFFUSED
NATURAL
LIGHT
This double structure insulates against noise and
heat, and also houses mechanical /service zones.
The inner shape can be tuned and treated for
acoustics freely without compromising the exterior,
a flexibility that will allow for easy changes and
expansions.
SUPPORT /
MECHANICAL
HONORABLE
CHIEF MINISTER
VISITORS
ASSEMBLY HALL
The double ring roof structure is mobilized to admit
natural light and exhaust hot air, reducing overall
energy loading. Mechanical feeds will be via floor
and wall systems, with exhausts through the ceiling.
HONORABLE
SPEAKER
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF ASSEMBLY HALL
FLAT SLAB
WALL
STONE
CLADDING
EXTERIOR COLUMNS
FLAT SLAB
FLAT SLAB
PRE-CAST
SUBSTRATE
Structurally, the Assembly uses inclined columns
clad in pre-cast panels to form the exterior shell
shape. These columns are tied to horizontal flat
slabs integrally cast with the inner ring walls. The
inner ring walls are solid cast to provide acoustic
insulation and lateral stability.
Depending on the temporary shoring systems
available, it may be possible to pursue the framing
of both inner and outer rings simultaneously, saving
time on site. Exterior panels can be pre-cast prior
to completion of the structure, so that there is no
time loss enclosing the building once the concrete
frame is complete. Integral pre-casting of panel and
finish can also be examined for further time savings.
ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE - AXONOMETRIC SKETCH AND CLADDING DIAGRAM
AGORA SEEN FROM LIBRARY COURT
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LEGISLATURE: 1:500 PLANS
(1:2000 AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
LEGISLATURE: 1:500 ELEVATIONS / SECTIONS
(1:2000 AT A3)
A
B
B
A
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
HIGH COURT:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
General planning of the High Court complex follows
the diagrams below. The Court block overlooks
Amaravati Square; Administration and Staff blocks
are housed in a series of lower volumes and
courtyards behind this main volume.
The Court block will be clad in white granite, with a
variety of punch openings and screens to allow for
air flow while cutting direct sunlight. The Chief
Justice’s Courtroom is given added volumetric
presence at the center of the block; movements of
Advocates throughout the atrium will be visible
behind the stone sun shading screens.
Administration volumes will use a pre-cast stone
clad panel system for sun shading at exterior
circulation zones, with offices further sheltered
inside these zones. Circulation routes ensure that
Judges, Advocates, Staff, and visitors remain within
their designated zones and do not cross paths.
HIGH COURT SEEN FROM AMARAVATI SQUARE
Siting of the High Court ensures that all entries are from
the North. Staff, Visitors, and Advocates share one vehicle
entry, while the Judges have a dedicated entry. Parking is
also kept in separate zones; advocates and visitors share a
single zone on separate levels, staff another, and judges
cars park in a highly secure underground area.
JUDGE ROUTE
STAFF ROUTE
ADVOCATE, VISITOR ROUTE
SECURITY BOUNDARY
Both the Courtroom volume and the lower Staff / Advocate
volumes are animated via courtyards that allow for
natural light and air to flow through public spaces. Interior
offices and the Courts have conditioned air for added
comfort. Greenery, water, paving patterns, and artwork
create a unique atmosphere at each location.
Overall zoning of the High Court programs. A clearly
legible separation of functions allows for easy navigation
even for first time visitors. Administration and Staff areas
are located to the north, Advocates to the south; the
Courtroom volume bridges them at the center of the
complex, overlooking Amaravati Square.
LAWN
COURTROOMS / JUDGES
WATER FEATURE
ADMIN. STAFF
PAVEMENT
ADVOCATE
ART
ALT. DISPUTE
Rather than consolidating all High Court functions within a
single volume, each distinct user group (Judges, Advocates,
Staff, and Alternative Disputes) is given a distinct presence.
This creates a more legible plan organization, and offers
the opportunity to develop sheltered exterior courtyards, a
welcome amenity for workers and visitors alike.
ADMIN.
STAFF
COURTROOMS
JUDGES ZONE
×
ADVOCATE
ALT.DISPUTE
CONCENTRATED VOLUME
○
VISIT / ADVOCATE
PARKING
ADMIN.
STAFF
COURTROOMS
JUDGES ZONE
ALT.
COURTYARD
STAFF PARKING
COURTYARD
JUDGE PARKING
COURTYARD
SECURITY CONTROL POINT
ADVOCATE
VEHICULAR APPROACH
VOIDS AND GARDENS
DISPERSED VOLUMES AND COURTYARDS
MASSING
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
HIGH COURT PLANNING:
ATRIUM
The High Court Atrium has been planned to provide
an appropriate dignity and scale, while maintaining
a comfortable working environment full of natural
light and air circulation. Movement and activity
inside will be visible to the public through stone jali
screens, revealing the workings of the Court to the
public without sacrificing security.
The atrium interior accommodates the Advocate
independent circulation and gathering areas. Filled
with diffused light from above, the Atrium is
characterized by its crossing bridge elements and
reflecting pools below, adding to the dynamism.
Finishes include high quality light-colored Indian
stone and hard wood, with accenting Indian stone
for vertical circulation shafts.
Honorable Judge Chambers occupy the exterior
layer of the Court block, with access to direct and
indirect natural light and ventilation through
operable windows and screens. Judges circulate via
a completely independent circulation system,
including a dedicated car approach, below grade
secured parking, and entry sequence.
Courtroom spaces are sandwiched between the
Atrium and the Judge chambers at the perimeter.
Natural light and ventilation reach the Courtrooms
through continuous “eco-void” (ecological void)
openings connecting to all Courtrooms. Natural
stack ventilation will ensure that hot air is pulled up
through these eco-voids from the building base,
drawing out hot air along the way. These natural
systems are supplemented by air-conditioning to
ensure comfort throughout the year.
HIGH COURT ATRIUM VIEW: THE MOVEMENT AND LIFE OF THE COURT WILL BE VISIBLE TO THE PUBLIC
NATURAL LIGHT
JUDGE / JUDICIAL STAFF
CIRCULATION
ECO
VOID
NATURAL
LIGHT
AIR MOVEMENT
ADVOCATE / VISITOR
CIRCULATION
COURTROOM PLAN
2F ZONING
The ground level of the building is designed to be
visually open to allow for a sense of connection to
the other buildings in the High Court complex, while
maintaining adequate security. This engenders a
sense of community within the High Court and, it is
hoped, between the High Court and the public.
SECTION
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
HIGH COURT PLANS 1:500
(1:2000 AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
HIGH COURT: 1:500 PLANS
(1:2000 AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
A
HIGH COURT: 1:500 ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS
(1:2000 AT A3)
C
B
B
A
C
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
SECRETARIAT:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
General planning of the Secretariat follows the
diagrams below. Major shared departments
consolidate in the front Tower, with other
Department groups consolidated in a lower volume
to its west enclosing a sheltered courtyard. The
siting of the Tower - at the center of Government
City and facing the “People’s Axis” - make it clearly
the face of the State Government.
The Minster’s Suites are located at the top of the
Tower, with generous panoramas over the
surroundings and the Krishna River. Horizontal
stone louvers cut direct sunlight, allowing softer
diffused light in but allowing views out.
The lower volumes also utilize environmental
control louvers to cut sunlight but allow for cooling
winds to pass through. The louvers are clad, like the
Legislature and High Court, in white Indian granite.
SECRETARIAT SEEN FROM DOWNTOWN ROAD
Siting of the Secretariat ensures that all entries are from
the North. Staff and Visitors share one vehicle approach
and drop-off, while VIP (CM, CS, and Cabinet Ministers) are
afforded a separate dedicated entry. Parking is shared in a
lot west of the building. A separate smaller lot serves the
multi-purpose outdoor space for Secretariat employees.
VIP ROUTE
STAFF ROUTE
VISITOR ROUTE
The Secretariat’s lower blocks surround a central courtyard
bringing natural light and air to the offices and itself filled
with greenery and water. The open void at center of the
Tower block ensures cross-ventilation and natural lighting,
and incorporates a water feature at the ground level for
evaporative cooling effects.
Overall zoning of the Secretariat programs. A clearly
legible separation of functions allows for easy navigation
even for first time visitors. Shared Governance
Departments are on lower floors and close to the CM and
CS suites for easy access. Common utilities are close to
vehicle parking areas for added convenience.
ROOF GARDEN
CM / CS SUITES
MINISTER/ADVISORS CHAMBERS
PRIMARY
SPIRAL LAWN
GOVERNANCE
SOCIAL
LAWN
INDUSTRY & INFRASTRUCTURE
COMMON UTILITIES
WATER FEATURE
LOCAL BODIES
ENTRY LOBBY
SECURITY BOUNDARY
Rather than consolidating all functions of the Secretariat
within a single volume, Department groups are given a
distinct presence in the planning. The dispersed volumes
create a more easily legible plan organization, and offer
the opportunity to create sheltered exterior courtyards for
workers and visitors alike.
CHIEF’S
OFFICE
×
DEPARTMENTS
COMMON
UTILITIES
CONCENTRATED VOLUME
PARKING
SECURITY CONTROL
PARKING
○
PARKING
1F : VISITOR
B1F : STAFF
CHIEF’S
OFFICE
COMMON
UTILITIES
OTHER
DEPARTMENTS
KEY DEPARTMENTS
COURTYARD
PILOTI
VEHICULAR APPROACH
VOIDS AND GARDENS
PROGRAM ZONING
MASSING
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
STAFF / VISITOR
ROUTE
NATURAL VENTILATION
N
W
SECRETARIAT:
DETAILED DESIGN
DIFFUSED
NATURAL LIGHT
E
S
DIFFUSED
NATURAL LIGHT
VIP ZONE
CM / VIP
ROUTE
Above: movement of different groups. VIPs are afforded a
dedicated path to their suites, including vertical circulation.
SPIRAL GARDEN
MID ZONE
Right: different green spaces animate the Secretariat.
VIP ZONE: Private inset gardens, distant views
MID ZONE: Spiraling exterior gardens
ENTRY ZONE: Water for evaporative cooling
SPIRAL GARDEN
Below: in contrast to a consolidated volume, hierarchy of
massing breaks down scale of the complex while giving
prominence to Tower. The Tower becomes the face of the
Government, located at the center of the “people’s axis” in the same way that the ziggurat form is the “face” of a
larger temple complex.
NATURAL VENTILATION
WATER COURT
ENTRY ZONE
TOWER GARDEN AXONOMETRIC
TOWER SECTION THROUGH INNER COURTYARD
The main Secretariat Tower and lower office zone
volumes work with passive technologies to create a
comfortable work environment without relying on
mechanical systems. The passive systems reduce
mechanical loading, enabling smaller mechanical
plant rooms and creating a healthier work
environment overall.
All offices have access to both natural light and air.
On the exterior, brise-soliel systems cut direct solar
radiation while allowing air and light to pass
through. These systems are tuned to orientation
and visually help signify the different zones in the
complex when seen from a distance.
Sheltered zones facing the inner courtyards also
benefit from diffused natural light. The atrium itself
will create upward drafts of warmer air that help
pull air through and across the office spaces.
The Secretariat Tower is animated by a series of
green / natural spaces that connect upwards
throughout the building. The entry-level water
court creates evaporative cooling effects for the
surroundings. Middle levels include a green terrace
at each level, facing a different direction but
connected at the corners - creating a continuous
“green spiral” at the building perimeter. Upper VIP
zones include dedicated inset gardens on each side,
allowing for generous views over the Krishna River,
Amaravati City, and Vijayawada on clear days.
Circulation routes for visitors / staff and VIPs are
kept distinct, but all employees enjoy the benefits
of the different courtyards and a comfortable office
work environment.
CHIDAMBARAM TEMPLE
SECRETARIAT SECTION THROUGH TOWER AND LOWER OFFICE COURTYARDS
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
SECRETARIAT: 1:500 PLANS
(1:2000 AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
SECRETARIAT: 1:500 PLANS
(1:2000 FOR A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
SECRETARIAT: 1:500 ELEVATIONS / SECTIONS
(1:2000 AT A3)
B
A
A
B
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
DETAILED BUILDING DESIGN:
PASSIVE AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
The fundamental principal guiding the mechanical
design is - first and foremost - to reduce loading on
mechanical systems. This is accomplished through
the strategic use of brise-soliel elements that shade
direct sunlight, but still allow for indirect natural
light and air to penetrate building interiors.
VERTICAL LOUVER
4 different systems are mobilized to accomplish
this, depending on orientation and program needs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
VERTICAL PANEL
Each of these systems has been utilized in past
projects, and this experience will be mobilized to
fine-tune their design and ensure buildability and
quality in the Amaravati installations. The location
diagrams to the left identify where each type is
used on each of the three main buildings in the
Capital Complex.
HORIZONTAL SHADE
WITH LIGHT SHELF
Mechanical plant room sizes will be minimized via
extensive use of VRV systems for building cooling
(where mechanical cooling is demanded); again,
best practices will drive the design towards use of
passive techniques that obviate the need for
mechanical cooling wherever possible.
HORIZONTAL LOUVER
TYPICAL BUILDING FACADE SECTION
BRISE SOLIEL TYPE
Vertical louvers
Vertical panels
Horizontal light shelves
Horizontal louvers
EXAMPLE
LOCATION
The current assumptions used for building design
are 1% of area for mechanical plant space (mainly
water and fire), 1.5% for electrical gear (switch
rooms and generators), 1.5% for shaft space, and
3% for VRV equipment.
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
1:25 DETAIL PARTIAL PLANS / ELEVATIONS / SECTIONS
(1:100 AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES
1:25 DETAIL PARTIAL PLANS / ELEVATIONS / SECTIONS
(1:100 AT A3)
MAKI AND ASSOCIATES

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