21st Plenary Session
Transcription
21st Plenary Session
21st Plenary Session English COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE COORDINATION POUR LA SAUVEGARDE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU SITE HISTORIQUE D'ANGKOR INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR PLENARY SESSION Co-chaired by Mr. Jean-Claude Poimbœuf Mr. Yuji Kumamaru Ambassador Ambassador Embassy of France Embassy of Japan Siem Reap – 4 December 2014 – APSARA National Authority INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session STANDING SECRETARIAT UNESCO Office Adress: 38, bd Samdech Sothearos PO Box 29 Phnom Penh Cambodia Tel: (855) (23) 426 726 (855) (23) 723 054 / 725 071 (855) (12) 556 277 (855) (16) 831 520 Fax: (855) (23) 426 163 / 217 022 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Standing Secretariat In Paris Mr. Azedine Beschaouch Permanent Scientific Secretary In Phnom Penh Mr. Philippe Delanghe Mrs. Chau Sun Kérya (APSARA) INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session TABLE OF CONTENTS I- OPENING SESSION ....................................................................... 6 I.1 Statement by the Japanese Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. Yuji Kumamaru, Ambassador of Japan in Cambodia .............................................................................. 6 I.2 Statement by the representative of the royal government of Cambodia, His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, president of the APSARA National Authority 8 II- ACTIVITY REPORTS .................................................................. 10 II.1 ICC-Angkor Scientific Standing Secretariat activity report and follow up of Recommendations, by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary .... 10 II.2 APSARA National Authority general activity report, by His Excellency Mr. Bun Narith, Director-General........................................................................................... 10 II.3 Activity report of the Department of Conservation, Monuments and Archaeology (DCMA), by Dr. Ly Vanna, Director of DCMA, APSARA National Authority ....................... 13 II.4 Heritage Management Framework implementation report: the Risk Map component, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, project chief and Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority ....................................................................................... 15 III- NEW FINDINGS AND DEVELOPMENTS ..................................... 16 A. CONSERVATION RESTORATION AND RESEARCH ........................................... 16 III.1 New archaeological discoveries at Koh Ker, by Dr. Ea Darith, Deputy Director, Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside Angkor Park, APSARA National Authority 16 III.2 Progress of the Remote Sensing for the Environment of the Angkor Site Project, by Mr Tianhua Hong, Executive Deputy Director of the HIST (International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage) Category II Centre ............................... 17 III.3 New project proposal: Safeguarding the temple of Banteay Thom, by His Excellency Mr. Ros Borath, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, on behalf of Mr. Sébastien Appert, Architect ............................................................................. 19 General discussion ............................................................................................ 21 B. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................... 21 III.4 Assessment of the implementation of the second phase of the APSARA-NewZealand Angkor Community Heritage And Economic Advancement Project (ACHA) and initiation of Phase III, by His Excellency Mr. Khuon Khun-Neay, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority ....................................................................................... 21 III.5 Assessment of the implementation of the Green Belt Project, by Mr. Ten Samrach, advisor for economic development service provision, GIZ .............................. 22 III.6 Report on the creation of a central garden and a strolling area in Siem Reap, in Zone 3 by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary ..................... 24 III.7 Report on the bypass road in the Angkor Park, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, introduced by Professor Azedine Bescahouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary .............................................................. 27 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session III.8 Report on the Management of Forests at Angkor, by His Excellency Mr. Chhor Thanat, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority ....................................... 27 III.9 Report on the development of the Angkor Wat parvis and the enlargement of the parking area, by Mr. Son Pharath, architect, Department of Urban Heritage Development, and His Excellency Mr. Sok Sangvar, Head of the Tourism Management Plan Unit, APSARA National Authority ................................................................................................... 28 General discussion ............................................................................................ 29 C. TRAINING ................................................................................................ 29 III.10 Report on the training programme in the field of restoration: end of Cycle 1 (2012-2014) and initiation of a new Cycle (2014-2016) by Ms. Sisowath-Men Chan Devy, Director of the Heritage Mission and Ms. Mireille Grubert, Director of the Ecole de Chaillot 29 General discussion ............................................................................................ 32 IV- TECHNICAL REPORTS ............................................................... 32 IV.1 Questions and Answers on reports on the projects implemented by the APSARA National Authority and the progress report of the projects conducted by the international teams (reports distributed in advance) ...................................................................... 32 V- AD HOC EXPERTS’ REPORT ........................................................ 32 V.1 Report from the ad hoc Group of Experts for Conservation, by Professors Mounir Bouchenaki, Giorgio Croci, Kenichiro Hidaka and Pierre-André Lablaude ......................... 32 V.2 Report from the ad hoc group of experts for sustainable development, by Professors Bernard Hubert, Jean-Marie Furt and Shinji Tsukawaki ................................. 36 VI- THEMES FOR DISCUSSION ....................................................... 42 VI.1 Managing tourism at Angkor, theme introduced by His Excellency Mr. Sok Sangvar, Head of the TMP Unit, APSARA National Authority .......................................... 42 VI.2 Environment pollution in the Angkor Park, theme introduced by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority .................................. 44 A. Presentation by Professor Hans Leisen ......................................................... 45 B. Presentation by Groupe Bolloré ................................................................... 46 VII- POINTS OF INFORMATION...................................................... 49 VII.1 Report on the 38th Session of the World Heritage Committee, by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary .................................................. 49 VII.2 Announcement about the UNWTO-UNESCO Conference in Cambodia, by His Excellency Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism .......................................................... 50 VII.3 The Nginn Karet Foundation for Cambodia and its action in Siem Reap-Angkor, by a representative of the Foundation ............................................................................ 51 VII.4 Recent publications ................................................................................... 51 VII.5 Calendar .................................................................................................. 51 VIII- ICC RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................... 51 VIII.1 Adoption of the recommendations examined by the last technical session and proposed with favourable opinion (recommendations finalised and distributed in advance)51 VIII.2 Presentation of the 21st ICC-Angkor Plenary session recommendations by the ICC-Angkor Secretary .............................................................................................. 52 VIII.3 Adoption of the recommendations by the ICC-Angkor ................................... 57 IX- CLOSING SESSION ................................................................... 58 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session IX.1 Closing statement by the Representative of the UNESCO Director-General, Ms. Anne Lemaistre, UNESCO Representative in Cambodia ................................................ 58 IX. 2 Closing speech by the French Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. Jean-Claude Poimbœuf, French Ambassador to Cambodia .............................................................. 59 Participant list ............................................................................... 61 APSARA National Authority Report for 2014 .................................. 77 NOTICE: The languages used during the sessions of the ICC are English, French and Khmer. During this session the recording equipment did not work. In the English language report of the discussions, any material reported originally in French or Khmer is therefore a translation. Presentations provided by the speakers written originally in English are indicated by [OrigE] at the beginning of the contribution. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session REPORT OF THE PRESENTATIONS I- OPENING SESSION I.1 Statement by the Japanese Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. Yuji Kumamaru, Ambassador of Japan in Cambodia [OrigE] “Your Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia and President of the APSARA National Authority, Your Excellency Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism, Your Excellency Dr. Phoeurng Sackona, Minister of Culture and Fine Arts, Your Excellency Dr. Say Samal, Minister of the Environment, Your Excellency Mr. Khim Bunsong, Governor of Siem Reap Province, Your Excellency Mr. Kol Bunly, High Representative of His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni, Ms. Anne Lemaistre, Representative of the UNESCO Phnom Penh office, Excellencies, Colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to be here to preside, as co-chair, over the International Coordinating Committee’s 21st Plenary Session. First of all, on behalf of all the attendees present here today, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to His Excellency Dr. Sok An, joining us for today’s committee and for your strong and longstanding commitment to the ICC process. I also wish to pay my profound respects to all the teams and individuals taking part in this session, many of whom have contributed to the ICC’s activities since its very inception. I would like to extend a cordial welcome to H.E. Mr. Jean-Claude Poimbœuf, the Ambassador of France, who joins us for the first time as co-chair. As you all know, the work of the ICC entered its third decade this year. I am happy to note that the first plenary session of the third decade is taking place here, at the new conference hall of the APSARA Authority. I would like to congratulate the APSARA Authority for making this remarkable hall available as the venue for this session of ICC. Recalling that the 3rd Intergovernmental Conference was successfully hosted by Cambodia last year, reaffirming the role of the ICC, the Angkor Declaration adopted then stated that ‘the coordinating function of the ICC-Angkor, including information sharing, monitoring the consistency of various projects and compliance with international technical standards, should be further strengthened in light of the growing number of projects and the complexity of the issues to be addressed.’ The experiences and good practices that the ICC-Angkor has acquired over the last 20 years deserve to be recognised as a successful model for others, including the ICCPreah Vihear, which was successfully inaugurated yesterday. The ICC-Angkor recommendations, adopted with the good assistance of the ad hoc group of experts, need to be duly respected, followed up and implemented effectively. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session With the rise in the number of tourists, the Angkor sites have been facing emerging challenges, such as traffic congestion and environmental degradation; along with the challenges of climate change and poverty. In this regard, at the last Intergovernmental Conference, we reached the consensus that it is essential to work together for the preservation and protection of the historic sites in a more comprehensive manner. When speaking of sustainable management, we need to be concerned about the protection of the culture and livelihood of local communities. Similarly, the idea of the protection of living heritage includes the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of the local communities. In the upcoming new era of the ICC, we, the co-chairs, the secretariat and the APSARA National Authority, have reorganised the structure of the ICC sessions by introducing discussion time on designated themes, with a view to encouraging more intensive discussions on some key issues across individual projects. We have also agreed to review the previous sessions so that we can make use of the fruits of the discussions, and ensure that the decisions and actions identified by the ICC get carried out more effectively. I look forward to hearing the conclusions on ‘Training’, which was one of the discussion themes from the Technical Session in June. I am also keen to hear some of the new reports on that same topic as well as the updates on another discussion theme, ‘Access Area (Parvis)’. A workshop on the restoration of the Bayon temple was held two days ago to respond to the questions raised by the ad hoc experts in the previous technical session. I look forward to receiving a report on the findings of the workshop. The two discussion themes selected for the plenary sessions this time are; ‘Tourism Management’ and ‘Environmental Pollution’. With regard to ‘Tourism Management’, the number of tourists has recently increased significantly. This has generated positive effects for the country’s economy, but it may also seriously affect the monuments. It is necessary to find a suitable balance for sustainable tourism. How can we provide unforgettable experiences for visitors, while protecting the monuments from the impact of tourism? Concerning environmental pollution, the increase in tourists and inhabitants who work in the tourism industry has led to the increase of energy and water consumption, which augments air and water pollution and waste material. Tourism, environment and protection of the Angkor sites need to be properly reconciled. I look forward to the presentation of the APSARA National Authority. Your active engagement with this discussion is to be greatly encouraged and much appreciated. We hope these discussions will deliver fruitful exchanges of ideas and opinions and bear useful results. Before concluding my remarks, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the APSARA National Authority for the pivotal and increasing role they have been playing in the protection, restoration and development of the Angkor heritage sites. I would also like to thank the donor countries, international organisations and technical teams who are supporting the protection and restoration of the Angkor temples. I thank the ad hoc group of experts for your hard work and valuable input. I thank the ICC secretariat of UNESCO, including the Representative of the Phnom Penh office, Ms. Lemaistre, for helping with all the arrangements for the session. Thank you for your attention.” INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session I.2 Statement by the representative of the royal government of Cambodia, His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, president of the APSARA National Authority “Co-chairs, Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Honourable professors and experts, Ladies and Gentlemen, Firstly, I would like to inform those who could not join us yesterday that the AngkorICC has emulated a younger counterpart: the Preah-Vihear-ICC. I am sure that most of you will grant their support to this new international cooperative body in the field of heritage. I am also delighted to renew my solemn appeal to all our partners and friends. Your contribution to the conservation and development of Preah Vihear temple and sacred site will be highly and rightly appreciated by His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni and His Excellency the Prime Minister of Cambodia Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen and the Cambodian people. Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Let me now talk about Angkor. It is true to say that two decades of intense and diversified activities have not diluted the common willingness to defend and develop this flagship of the World Heritage List of cultural properties of universal exceptional value, nor have they abated the endeavours of each country or institution, and I would even add, of any given members of the teams working on site. You are all aware that the October 1993 programmes made in Tokyo during the First Intergovernmental Conference on Angkor were confirmed and developed at the Second Intergovernmental Conference held in Paris in November 2003. You are also informed of the magnificent and moving surprise caused by the scientific and technical international community which with renewed enthusiasm committed to extend the activities at Angkor and for Angkor for another decade. This was almost a year ago, on the day in Siem Reap during the third Intergovernmental Conference on 5 December 2013. This is a friendly gesture towards Cambodian people and demonstrates trust in the future of our country economic growth and social development. This has enthused us. Co-chairs, Although we are highly satisfied with this outcome, it is not a reason to stop from heading towards the right direction. This is the reason, whilst paying tribute to your forbearers who all highly deserved from Angkor, I consider your task as being as difficult as before. On the one hand, the number of on-going or forthcoming projects is on the rise, as is the number of participants to these biannual meetings. On the other hand, one should see to striking a correct balance between the duties of conservation of the integrity of heritage and sustainable development limitations. Co-chairs, the future of our CIC is mostly in your grip. I would like to take this opportunity to welcome the French Ambassador to Cambodia, His Excellency Jean-Claude Poimbœuf. I know that he is fully committed to his chairmanship and I am delighted to express to him my best wishes for a successful meeting. Also, thanks to the presence of the already experienced Ambassador of Japan to Cambodia, His Excellency Yuji Kumamaru, the activity of our co-chairmanship will certainly be to the benefit of this meeting. I am delighted to welcome Ambassador Kumamaru and I would like to express to him my best wishes in continuing his endeavour. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Let me remind you that the competent and experienced secretariat stands at their disposal and that they can rely on the high intellectual and professional qualities of Professor Beschaouch, the standing scientific Secretary Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, Complying with the guidelines of the third intergovernmental conference on Angkor, the agenda of our last technical session last June dedicated one hour to exchange on a key topic for sustainable development: ‘Training’. The APSARA National Authority has expressly endorsed the outcomes and recommendations of this discussion. I am delighted to inform on the establishment, as part of our public body, of the Angkor Training Centre. Professor Beschaouch has been entrusted with the scientific chair because of his background as emeritus academic and university professor. He has already established contacts globally and training and classes will soon begin in the following fields, which are key to seeing to the proper management of heritage of humanity sites and monuments: preventive conservations, including continuous maintenance, site management; management of ancient hydraulic systems and cultural tourism. For your information, the Centre will be symbolically inaugurated today on the occasion of the 21st Plenary Session of our ICC. I am thereby pleased to invite you to the ceremony, which will be held early in the afternoon, immediately after lunch. Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, As for today’s agenda, it has tabled two exchange sessions on fundamental topics for the Royal Government policy and notably for my colleagues the Minister of Tourism, His Excellency Thong Khon and the Minister of the Environment His Excellency Dr. Say Samal. I have in the past mentioned the negative impacts of badly managed tourism. Once the ICC and the APSARA National Authority endorsed the Tourism Management Plan for Angkor (TMP), a new team valiantly started the task and has since reported periodically on its activity. It is within this framework that a new approach towards tourism management issues has been advocated and that further thinking is on-going. This highlights the significance of the stakes in this critical field and the need to go beyond the solely academic discussion. Moreover, due to the nature of the values linked to Angkor, tourism cannot be separated from culture as whole, or tangible and intangible components. I would recommend you to keep this perspective in mind during the discussion. The second item to be exchanged on is the pollution of the environment. I would like once again here to draw attention to the seriousness of the situation and on the warnings formulated last year during the third intergovernmental conference on Angkor, held on the 5th of December 2013 in Siem Reap. Activities should not be restricted to the collection of data on air pollution and other pollution. It is thereby important to move from the causes to the consequences and in this way to strive to elaborate on activity programmes fighting against any type of pollution. It has to be said that the house is on fire and that we must act upon. We will consequently deal with it once you may have advised us on efficient measures. Co-chairs, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I have just mentioned the key and decisive items stipulated by the agenda of this session. Let me wish you an active and fruitful day under the wise stewardship of our coINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session chairs. The APSARA National Authority will listen and together we will advance conditions to defend and showcase Angkor, a cultural jewel of humanity. I thank you for your attention.” II- ACTIVITY REPORTS II.1 ICC-Angkor Scientific Standing Secretariat activity report and follow up of Recommendations, by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary No supporting document available. II.2 APSARA National Authority general activity report, by His Excellency Mr. Bun Narith, Director-General “Your Excellency Deputy Prime Minister, Co-chairs, Excellencies, Distinguished hosts, Ladies and Gentlemen, Our dearest ICC will start the proceedings of the 21st Plenary Session and it is with renewed happiness that I welcome all faithful participants, guests of honour, international delegations, experts, speakers coming from all corners and friends of Angkor. I will now summarise the activity report of the APSARA National Authority for the first ten months of 2014. I am delighted to begin on a positive and encouraging note regarding the fight against illegal trafficking of cultural goods in and from Cambodia. Precious statues representing characters of the famous Indian Mahâbhârata epic had disappeared from the Koh Ker site in the 1970s and some of them were cut from their pedestals. They have been located in the United-States and in May of this year, following arduous negotiations and with the valuable help of the American government, they were returned and sent back to Cambodia. We should rejoice this fruitful cooperation in the framework of ancient cultural goods being returned gradually to our country after being looted during the darkest periods of our history. Before I commence with the general activity report of the APSARA National Authority, I would like to inform on an incident which took place inside Angkor Thom last October. On 9 October at circa 6 p.m., a tuk tuk driver alerted the heritage police, who are in charge of the security of the Angkor site when monuments are closed to visitors, of the disappearance of a tourist that asked him to wait at the Elephant Terrace at 5:30 p.m., which is closing time at Angkor Thom, as he was supposed to drive her back home. Consequently, police searched the area and its surroundings, in particular the Bayon temple, until late at night, but to no avail. At dawn on the 10th of October, the police were told that the tourist had been seen and she was questioned for a few moments and was then allowed to leave. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session According to the police report, it was only at 6 a.m. that they found that a Buddha statue located in the central tower of the Bayon had been broken into four pieces. They then visited the guesthouse where the tourist was staying only to be told that she had already left the country. The broken statue is only a replica and was in four parts formerly assembled with some pieces in sandstone and others in concrete, notably the head, which had been reinforced with concrete in 1988 at the Angkor Conservancy Office of the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts of Cambodia. The APSARA National Authority proceeded to the restoration of the statue, which was reinstalled in its original location in the central tower of the Bayon on the 15th of October 2015, amid religious ceremonies and with the attendance of high level representatives from the Buddhist clergy and many others, with the local media reporting. After the incident, the APSARA National Authority met with the heritage police with the view to stepping up measures to reinforce surveillance by increasing the number of officers at the monument. The police also filed a complaint at the Siem Reap Court against the Dutch tourist, who is a resident of New Zealand. The APSARA National Authority for its part has strengthened tourism officers’ presence in the monuments, where they daily check that visitors have left the temples when the site is closing. Cultural events organised at night have been temporarily halted near the Bayon and relocated to the Elephant Terrace. The activity report regarding the conservation of monuments and archaeology will be detailed by Mr. Ly Vanna, our newly appointed director of the Department of Conservation of the Angkor Monuments and Rescue Archaeology. I will only raise one item in this framework, that on the itinerary tour inside Ta Prohm and the developments taking place outside the same temple. Complying with the recommendations of the 23rd Technical Session of the 2014 June ICC on the Ta Prohm temple and heeding the outcomes of the studies carried out by relevant departments and, in particular, that of the Tourism Management Plan (TMP), it came out that the Ta Prohm itinerary tour should start at the East gate and end at the West gate. The APSARA National Authority, to this matter, temporarily shut the South gate pending consolidation and stabilisation work on this gate carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India. Unauthorised vending stalls have been dismantled and presently no further developments are planned. The Department of Conservation of Monuments and Rescue Archaeology has only excavated the West gate. Regarding the site of Koh Ker: the APSARA National Authority, in collaboration with the Khma Someth concessionary company, has built new wooden stairs, replacing those that had decayed, to facilitate visitors who climb the Prasat Thom, where a panoramic landscape reaching out to Phnom Kulen can be enjoyed. Recently, the APSARA National Authority excavated at Prasat Chen and unearthed three pedestals that have been put in safety storage. Regarding roadwork: a new road spanning over 9.6 kilometres from the Museum of traditional textiles to the headquarters of the APSARA National Authority has been completed. The APSARA National Authority’s seat has undergone development, with internet connection now installed, and we are delighted to welcome this new conference room, larger than that previous, and which hosted the Preah Vihear ICC opening session held yesterday, the 3rd of December, and today’s 21st Plenary Session of the Angkor-ICC. On a more social level, all the wages of the APSARA National Authority staff have been reviewed since the latter part of 2014, complying with the Royal government’s policy. The mean wage increase has been of 30 percent and promotions were awarded to some who stood out for their regularity and outstanding work. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Following the 23rd Technical Session’s resolutions, training has been set up for staff in the fields of expertise of the APSARA National Authority. This led to the establishment of a new training Centre: The Angkor Training Centre. The first to attend training within this Centre were the trainees working on the mapping of the Risk Map. This has been made possible thanks to the help of the FIDA (Fund for the International Development of Archives), which organised, from the 9th until the 13th of June, 2014, a training programme on Archive Management Systems, held by doctor Lee Sangmin, a South Korean member of the Research Institute for Korean Archives and Record. Training focused on the ICA-Atom (International Council on Archives-Access to Memory), software for the management of archives and rare documents using one system or the Internet and that can be used or read universally. At the end of the training, an IBM mini-server that can contain data from the library and archives was gifted to the APSARA National Authority. Regarding the development of the Cultural and Tourism City: - The Royal Government endowed the Siem Reap office of the governor with 9.2 hectares of land where the offices of the 26 provincial departments will be built. Construction works have just started. − As for the 23 hectares leased to Sokha Hotel Company located at the roundabout of the 60 metres’ road, it will be developed into a hotel by then meeting the urgent need of more rooms due to the constant increase of tourism at Angkor. I would like to recall that the Tourism and Cultural City is in zone 5, where development is promoted. Some political opponents not au fait with the law interpreted this new development as a breach of the interdiction regarding construction in Angkor and a contravention of regulations. The APSARA National Authority has cleared the matter and the population is now aware that this hotel development will be a driver for the development of tourism for the purposely established Cultural and Tourism City. − The building of the new ticketing centre has almost been completed. − The panoramic museum from North Korea has been fully fitted and is ready to be inaugurated; parking spaces to ease access for visitors to the ticketing centre and to the museum will be soon developed. − It is also at the Cultural and Tourism City that the Visitor Centre will be developed to accommodate the increasing number of tourists. Tourist visitation to the Angkor site has continued to grow year by year, although this increase is showing signs of slowing down. International paying visitors for the first ten months of 2014 have totalled 1,643,657, a 2.57 percent year on year increase. Growth revenue from the ticketing has reached US$47,387,500, a 4.25 percent year on year increase. Activities benefiting the Angkor Park communities are under the responsibility of five groups, each supervising one district. Their assignment is to raise awareness among communities on heritage protection and to listen to any issues or complaints, so that they can be solved straight away, in particular problems linked with construction. They have been able to solve some 100 cases among the 111 villages of the Angkor Park. They have also contributed to community organised religious ceremonies, assisted families in need and promoted reforestation to communities by distributing 3,000 young seedlings. The activities of the community action groups rolled out in villages are recorded and filmed by the Department of Communication and broadcasted regularly on the radio and on the television channels of the province and on the APSARA National Authority website. Nokor Phnom FM 102.9MHZ and Cambodia Voice of Buddhism are the stations where they are the most frequently aired, with press releases, daily information, interviews, fact checking, etc. Within the framework of its on-going policy of reforestation and enhancement of the cultural landscape inside the Angkor Park, the APSARA National Authority has propagated more than 35,000 young seedlings, planted more than 25,000 trees, distributed more than INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 25,000 plants to schools, pagodas, communities and state institutions, and outside Angkor the APSARA National Authority has planted more than 6,000 trees. Major hydraulic works have also continued with the restoration, among others, of ancient canals over more than 6.7 kilometres and by building dozens of hydraulic infrastructural components, such as bridges, sluice gates, etc. As per orders from the Royal government in July 2014, the management of the large outlet sluice gate of the West Baray, formerly managed by the provincial authority, has been transferred to the APSARA National Authority, as has that located to south of the same Baray, covering an area of more than 10,000 hectares outside the Angkor Park. I remind you that last year, during the rainy season, this sluice gate did not work, causing major risks and damage. Following the signing of a partnership between the APSARA National Authority on the one hand and on the other hand SIAAP (Syndicat Interdépartemental pour l’Assainissement de l’Agglomération Parisienne), SIAVB (Syndicat Intercommunal pour l’Assainissement de la Vallée de la Bièvre) and AAA (Association des Amis d’Angkor) on the Projet d’Amélioration de l’Assainissement et de la Gestion des Eaux de la Région d’Angkor PAAGERA project (Project to improve, sanitise and manage the Angkor region water), two additional partners have joined in with subsequent funding, AFD and VEOLIA. I recall that the objective of the project is foremost to install monitoring devices to gather data in several key areas of the hydraulic system and to boost the efficiency of the management of water during dry or flood seasons. In the future the project will add remote automatic command systems to sluice and lock gates, by then cancelling any interventions of technicians or workers on site. As per schedule, 20 monitoring devices have been delivered, six pluviometers and 14 limimetres (used to measure the level of water in the River) have been installed where planned. These devices collect data automatically, which is then sent and stored at the APSARA National Authority office. The next phase will include an invitation to tender for a consultancy company with regard to the feasibility study of the project based on the implementation of the data collected by the monitoring devices. Further cultural exchanges between the APSARA National Authority and BPAFFC continued, following the exhibitions organised in China and Cambodia. On the 25th of November 2014, BPAFFC (Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries) performed at the Terrace of the Elephants, giving demonstrations of martial arts, dance, juggling, kite flying, painting, etc. The objective was to promote China’s intangible heritage, as that tangible is already known. I thank you for your attention.” II.3 Activity report of the Department of Conservation, Monuments and Archaeology (DCMA), by Dr. Ly Vanna, Director of DCMA, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] My presentation is divided into four points: the DCMA’s philosophy of conservation, conservation and restoration, coming Conservation Projects and the state of the human resources at DCMA. [slide] What is the DCMA’s Philosophy of Conservation? It encompasses: INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Respecting the authenticity of the monuments (preserving ancient architectural and artistic forms, using original material, limiting the addition of new material into the monuments, and integrating traditional techniques of restoration and conservation). - Preserving and exhibiting the social, historical and cultural layers of the monuments. - Preserving living traditions that are associated with the monuments. [slide] I now move on to the second point on the on-going conservation and restoration projects at Angkor. This map shows you an overview of our on-going and future projects at Angkor. [slide] This is the temple of Lolei, where a twelve-month project on the northeast shrine started in April of 2014. We are carrying out conservation on a section of these large collapsed walls above the east lintel of the northeast shrine of Lolei. You can also see in this picture large, deep cuts in the bricks on the top roof of the northwest tower. We also work on this large collapsed portion of the upper roof structure at the southwest tower. [slide] Still at Lolei, the basements of the east façade, northeast tower, and the southeast basement are being restored, as you can see in these pictures. [slide] I move on to Bakong, where we are implementing a twelve-month project which started in November of 2014. It includes work on the northeast brick tower, where we are working on consolidating the doorjambs and preventing any further collapse. [slide] At Preah Ko, we are working on the southeast Library. Once again, a one-year project started in January of 2014. [slide] The upper roof and the wall of the south library are in need of restoration. You can see the slides of before and after. [slide] Works also focus on the basement and wall of the south library. [slide] At Kok Chak we are restoring the south tower. The project started in September of 2014 and will last twelve months. The objective is to restore the east and south facades. The technical solutions selected have been the following: to restore the base and to refill cracks with mortar, using old bricks from the temple and adding new bricks to the structure as minimally as is possible. We have already completed 90 percent of the work for the base. The next intervention will be on restoring the brick pavement, pilasters, lintels and doorframes. [slide] As for the surrounding laterite walls of Angkor Thom, there are four projects. They started in August of 2013 and will last 17 months. You can see on this map the different areas affected: area 1 spreads over 14 metres, area 2 over 45 metres, area 3 over 8 metres and area 4, 16 metres. The objective is to restore the collapsed walls. [slide] The technical methodology is the following: to study the behaviour of the foundation, to add new laterite stone to replace lost portions of the wall and to compact the foundation. For the work on the stones we use lime mortar and Sikadur glue and are adding a series of new laterite blocks within the inner wall to hold the wall from inside, respecting the original wall patterns and architectural behaviour of the original wall structure. Area 1 is 65 percent completed, 60 percent for area 2, 30 percent for area 3 and 60 percent for area 4. [slide] This map shows you the coming conservation projects. There are four of them. The first is the covering of the roof of the central tower at the temple of Kravan, using Plexiglas. [slide] We will also protect the inscriptions of the central tower by fitting Plexiglas to the doorjambs. [slide] This slide shows you the current state of preservation of the inscriptions at the central tower of Kravan, and you can see the damage. [slide] INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] At Angkor Wat we will work on the window balusters. Four conservators and two carvers will carry out the project. [slide] Now, the Shiva linga of Phnom Bok: It is an impressive structure, with a diameter of 1.2 metres and a length of 4 metres. [slide] Finally, the next conservation project is that at Prasat Bat Chum. [slide] I would like to conclude by mentioning the state of the human resources of the DCMA. We are staffed with 31 archaeologists, seven architects, two engineers, three sculptors, eleven conservators (eight of which are archaeologists) and 366 workers. I thank you for your attention.” II.4 Heritage Management Framework implementation report: the Risk Map component, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, project chief and Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] This presentation is on the Risk Map, one of the four components of the Heritage Management Framework (HMF). This Risk Map includes the following risks: structural, environmental and socio-cultural. [slide] What is the Risk Map? It is a structural, environmental and social Risk Map to assist the on-going management of the Angkor World Heritage Park’s values by mapping three different types of risk: the structural risks to Angkor monuments, as well as the environmental and socio-cultural risks. To carry out this mapping work we use a Geographical Information System (GIS). The ArcGIS is a tool used by administrators, technical staff and programmers wherever they are, on site or in the office. [slide] The Risk map includes two components that are related. First, the Spatial Component, made of different layers encompassing the risks from visitation, air pollution, hydrology, the forests, the geology, soil and etc. All these components are then gathered in the information component which contains an explanatory text, photos, drawings, the history of the risk and the management response to each of the different risks recorded. [slide] I will illustrate the way we are operating by showing you a picture of an overview of the ArcGIS–Data. You can see the different layers that can be computed in and the classification. [slide] Here for example, you have all data on the forest risks. [slide] This one is on the water risks. [slide] If I go further into detail, I can get the water level in all the areas where we monitor it. This table is very useful. [slide] I move on to a concrete example with Angkor Thom and the surrounding wall which has been fully recorded for the Risk Map and where our first interventions, using this system, have taken place. This is the Risk Map of Angkor Thom. [slide] Here, we go further into detail, entering a specific location on the eastern wall. The team working on it has used this index card to depict the location and what they have assessed as a risk, giving also the different levels of risk attached to this specific location. Once the card is filled we can start acting on the locations which require the most urgent interventions. [slide] INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] Here is the index card at the Gate of the Dead, with a description of damage and conditions and proposals for restoration works. [slide] Note, as you can see on this index card, that any prior interventions, for example here by the EFEO, have all been included in the database. [slide] This index card shows you the specific locations for intervention with pictures illustrating. [slide] Here, this is the work in progress which is documented. [slide] And finally, in these slides the work once it has been completed and once again the documentation, this time in Khmer with the different stages of the work. I thank you for your attention.” III- NEW FINDINGS AND DEVELOPMENTS A. CONSERVATION RESTORATION AND RESEARCH III.1 New archaeological discoveries at Koh Ker, by Dr. Ea Darith, Deputy Director, Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside Angkor Park, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I will present on new archaeological discoveries at Prasat Chen, Koh Ker. [slide] First, a map to show you the location of Koh Ker with relation to Angkor; [slide] this is a LiDAR picture from 2012. [slide] This is a map of the Koh Ker Site and the Location of Prasat Chen. Koh Ker was the capital of the Khmer empire from 928 until 944 AD. It was formerly known as Lingapura (city of Linga) or Chok Gargyar (the forest of the Koki tree). [slide] This is another view of the site, again using LiDAR. [slide] Prasat Chen is made of three laterite towers, two libraries and two laterite enclosures. It faces to the east. The temple was dedicated to the god Vishnu. Two statues of fighting monkeys, Vâlin and Sugrîva, were found in the east gate. They are representations of the Ramayana. In the west gate, nine pedestals of divinity were found, mostly inspired by the Mahabharata. Two unprecedented inscriptions were found on the east gate. [slide] Pictures of Prasat Chen, with here the west gate. [slide] It measures 4.3 X 5.30 This is how it was in April 2012, with this pedestal where only the feet remetres. mained; it was already known. [slide] We carried out further excavations and found in April 2012 the pedestals of the Bhima and Duryodhana. [slide] On the 29th of April, 2012, the pedestals were removed from their original location by crane. [slide] We then came back to the site in July 2012 and [slide] carried out excavations on the west gate in the same month. [slide] This is the excavation in progress in July of 2012. [slide] We unearthed three pedestals of statue on the north wall. [slide] On the south wall, four pedestals were found. [slide] A hand holding a conch was found during the excavation. [slide] INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] This picture shows the excavation with the overall discovery of seven pedestals on the north and south walls. Each pedestal showed traces of looting. Four of them are of kneeling figures, the three remaining of seating figures. [slide] This is the representation of the iconography of the statues and their supposed locations and identification. [slide] This shows you how the statues would have sat on their pedestals. We identified Arjuna, Shadeva and Nakula, thanks to statues found at the Metropolitan Museum of New York and from the Angkor Conservancy. [slide] As for the four pedestals we managed to identify them as Krishna, Duryodhana, Balarama and Yudishira. They were identified from private collections. [slide] This is a representation of the statues’ positions and settings, with the two fighters in the middle and the remaining statues watching on both sides. [slide] You can also see them on the carving of this pediment. [slide] Two Statues of Nakula and Sahadeva were returned to Cambodia on the 11th of June, 2013. [slide] Two more statues, of Bhima and Duryodhana, were returned to Cambodia in May 2013. [slide] As for the Statue of Balarama, it was returned from the USA on the 31st of May, 2013. [slide] This is a picture from the ceremony attended by the Prime Minister, Hun Sen. [slide] We started further excavations on the east gate in July of 2014. [slide] This was a joint APSARA-EFEO excavation. [slide] This is how it looked before being dug. [slide] A picture inside the east gate. [slide] Three pedestals were found on the east gate. [slide] Here you can see them with the sandstone paving and postholes. [slide] The pedestals were identified as those of Rama, Lakshmana and Hanuman. [slide] This is Hanuman’s pedestal and a fragment of his Sampot. The statue of Hanuman is now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, USA. [slide] This is Rama’s pedestal and a fragment of a bow that was discovered. The statue of Rama is at the Denver Art Museum, USA. [slide] This is Lakshmana’s pedestal and a fragment of his arm holding arrows [slide] This is Narasinha, which was found during excavations. Hiranyakasipu from the Metropolitan Museum, USA. [slide] This is the statue of [slide] Overall, nine statue pedestals and a hand holding a conch were recovered at the West Gate. Five statues were returned from the USA: Bhima, Duryodhana, Balarama, Nakula and Sahadeva. On the East gate: three pedestals, fragments of inscriptions, a bow, a Narasinha, and a hand holding arrows were discovered. Three statues: Rama, Hanuman and Hiranyakasipu have been traced back to the US. [slide] Thank you for your attention.” III.2 Progress of the Remote Sensing for the Environment of the Angkor Site Project, by Mr Tianhua Hong, Executive Deputy Director of the HIST (International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage) Category II Centre [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] Professor Huodong Guo of HIST and RADI and Director Bun Narith of the APSARA National Authority signed a Memorandum of understanding during the 37th session of the INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Phnom Penh in June 2013. The Cambodian Deputy Prime Minister, H. E. Dr. Sok An, met with the HIST/RADI delegation, and expressed full support for the proposed collaborative project. [slide] This activity materialised with several exchanges of visits in December of 2013, then in March, May, June and July of 2014. [slide] Here, a picture of another visit. [slide] This is the Angkor site viewed with a RADI picture. [slide] We study the site and its environment, using satellite images and field data as well as radar, optical or LiDAR data. We have multi-platform remote sensing data, basic geobase data and ancillary data. With this we assess the site of Angkor and its environment: the climate (wind, temperature and precipitation), the soils (rock type) and human activities, such as tourism. We can then understand the forest ecosystem, the water system (flood, soil, erosion) and ground subsidence (loose or displaced). This gives us a spatial database of the site. Based on this data, we can create 3D simulations and GIS to assist in policy recommendations for heritage protection and sustainable development. We can also train managers in heritage. How far are we in our research? [slide] This is the land cover change. The urban areas have been gradually increasing, the forested areas present unstable growth and the water areas are subjected to seasonal fluctuations. [slide] This is data on Kulen Mountain over three periods: 1989, 2000 and 2014. The deforested area studied covers 575 km2 from 1989 to 2014, and occupies almost 35 percent of the total area. The reproduction area is of 62 km2 from 1989 to 2014, which amounts to 5 percent of the total area. There was 22 percent of the area deforested between 2000 and 2014, with only 13 percent cut between 1989 until 2000. As time goes on, deforestation has spread from the south to the north of Kulen Mountain. [slide] This shows the economic forest extraction. We used different data using ZY3 images. The area studied was again the Kulen, located between 40 to 120 metres above sea level. Most forest activities are located above 40 metres and the forest change is mainly due to human activities over the past 30 years. [slide] Here some more figures. [slide] The deforestation is also tightly connected with road access. [slide] This is the virtual satellite reception station. [slide] I move on to our research on the monitoring of ground subsidence. This illustrates the first inversion of surface deformation, using 42 scenes of TerraSAR-X images (3m) during the observation period from 2011 until 2013. Although it is significant, the motion of relics and their surroundings is hampered by other movements triggered by urbanisation, farming and surface erosion after wild fires. [slide] We attended the 23rd session of the ICC and carried out fieldwork. Through discussion with staff from the APSARA National Authority and after field investigations, the causes of the temple collapse have been confirmed: they include erosion, tree growth and motion heterogeneity. [slide] This is an improved PSInSAR model to detect motion anomalies. Local ground sinking intersperses among the sites (with values ranging from -15 to -2 mm/a) due to urbanisation and groundwater pumping, identified by 1, 2 and 3. The study site is where this green rectangle is located. [slide] An example of the monitoring of the temple level, here at Bakong. [slide] I would now like to talk about our findings and to comment on this subject. The pumping of water either by public or private entities does not cause a problematic regional surface subsidence that threatens the sustainability of surrounding monuments, although local ground sinking intersperses among the sites (with values ranging from -15 to -2 mm/a) due to urbanisation and groundwater pumping. The local government and the INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session APSARA made an optimal site selection for public wells located along the National Route No 6 on the south of West Baray, reserving a safe distance from the site core area and assuring the groundwater table replenishment using the West Baray and moats of Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom. [slide] Now, our 3D simulation and the spatial information system: 3D modelling is based on different multi-source data, such as pictures, videos, CAD data, photogrammetry and LiDAR data. Realistic and physical simulation of spatial elements: simulation of natural phenomena (rain, snow, cloud, fog, shadow, water reflection, etc.) combining hydrodynamics, physical particle models and optical transmission models. Visualisation of typical natural elements: simulation of the typical natural elements within the Angkor Site, such as forests, buildings, roads, rivers and lakes and simulation of the dynamic changes of natural elements, such as land subsidence and land use changes. [slide] These are 3D modelling and collecting models: the goal is to rebuild 3D models based on different, multi-source data, such as pictures, videos, CAD data and photogrammetry. We also collect some shared elements and models from the Internet to provide material for the 3D simulation system. [slide] Design and implementation of a spatial database: to design and implement the spatial data tables of remote sensing images, vectors and 3D models of the Angkor Site; to store the current multi-source data and to develop database functions, such as information querying. [slide] Implementation of the system: This is how it would look with menus, toolbars, function panels, copyright and etc. Thank you for your attention.” III.3 New project proposal: Safeguarding the temple of Banteay Thom, by His Excellency Mr. Ros Borath, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, on behalf of Mr. Sébastien Appert, Architect “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Let me present the project to safeguard the temple of Banteay Thom. I do this on behalf of Sébastien Appert, who some of you may know, as he worked a while ago at the Department of Monuments of the APSARA National Authority. [slide] This is the site of Banteay Thom, located to the north of Angkor Thom, and which can be accessed via a narrow dirt road. [slide] This is a diagrammatic plan of the temple including sanctuaries, libraries, moats, ponds, etc. [slide] This illustrates the worrisome condition survey of the temple, with sections of walls collapsed on the western and eastern sides. Here, details of veneers. [slide] Other pictures to illustrate the bad condition of the structure with the north shrine here left and the south shrine with the avant-corps. Much damage can be seen. [slide] Once again on the north and south libraries. [slide] In this picture, the Gopuras I east and west are in an unstable condition. [slide] This is the avant-corps of Gopura II and the northeast vaults which are already mostly collapsed and here [slide] the cruciform terrace and the avant-corps of Gopura I east. [slide] Sébastien has designed a safeguarding project for the temple which value is foremost heritage and with the implementation of imperative emergency measures with a INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session view to halting decay and securing the complex; then, to establish an inventory of the decors still on site. The architectural value is in the different phases of construction of the temple. The historic value lies in getting to know the temple. Among pending questions are: who is the Emperor that founded this temple, who remains largely unknown, as is the King that consecrated the shrines? There is also an environmental side to the programme, in order to preserve and develop the complex in complete respect of its environment. Finally, the last value attached to this temple is that of tourism. Banteay Thom is not on the mainstream tours and its environment remains unspoilt. This could meet increased demand by tourists searching for authenticity and exchanges. [slide] The safeguarding project is divided into several phases and programmes that comply with the traditional methodology for conservation. This map indicates with red dots where interventions would take place. Phase I is to provide measured drawings of the whole complex and to start digging archaeological test pits to assess the site’s potential. Phase II takes stock of the condition survey of the temple and implements the archaeological prospects. Phase III establishes a risk and emergency map and implements the first activities securing the temple. [slide] In red are the areas where interventions would be planned within the framework of the above-mentioned three phases. Three additional phases will complement this work. Phase IV includes a stone by stone measure drawing of all relevant areas and an inventory of the stone blocks. It will be followed by a detailed architectural study and restoration proposals. Phase V is for partial restoration using the anastylosis technique, although this will have to be agreed with the ICC group of ad hoc experts. Phase VI will be dedicated to publishing and disseminating information with scientific papers or general public communications. [slide] The following methodology will be used for archaeological digs: the area to be excavated will be determined using LiDAR, aerial pictures and land surveys. Reports of previous excavations will be studied. Test-pits are then dug to determine a diagnosis that will enable us to understand the archaeological potential inside the first and second enclosures and to diagnose the type of trenches to be excavated on the surrounding areas of the site once the initial exploratory works have been carried out. [slide] Programmed excavations are also planned within and on the edges of the complex enclosures in order to better understand the space and to link the temple with other neighbouring constructions of the surrounding landscape. The material unearthed, including ceramics, will, of course, be analysed. Once again, a yearly excavation report is published for dissemination to the authorities and institutions and it is completed by an architectural and archaeological study. [slide] In the immediate future is the near establishment of the Atelier Banteay Thom, a non-profit public benefit corporation to give a legal structure to the project and a main focal point when dealing with national and international institutions and financial partners. The project will also need to be recognised and legitimised by setting up a Memorandum of Understanding and a convention with the Atelier Banteay Thom and institutional and financial partners. Also, for the next ICC session a technical visit by the ad hoc group of experts would be needed, so that they may validate any methodologies to be set up for the project. Financial potential backers are corporate foundations, grants and crowdfunding. I thank you for your attention.” INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session General discussion No supporting document available. B. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT III.4 Assessment of the implementation of the second phase of the APSARA-NewZealand Angkor Community Heritage And Economic Advancement Project (ACHA) and initiation of Phase III, by His Excellency Mr. Khuon Khun-Neay, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, The community development project is a collaboration between New Zealand and the APSARA National Authority. [slide] It fits within the Angkor Management Plan of the APSARA National Authority. Developed over the past few years, we have succeeded thanks to the involvement of the local communities, but the question is how did we get the engagement of these communities? [slide] We started by educating people on heritage so that they get to know it and end up loving it. [slide] This is the type of meeting and education session we held with the communities and especially the younger generations. [slide] What we called Heritage Education for communities living in the Angkor Park. [slide] We reached out to 2,102 villagers from ten villages. [slide] Education was also given to Buddhist institutions, for a total of 165 institutions covered. [slide] This was done through workshops for monks, like this one. [slide] You would think that the love and knowledge of heritage should suffice but it does not. It is necessary to let people benefit from heritage. We created, edited and published two videos, one on Community culture and nature the second Angkor our heritage. [slide] The first phase of the Angkor Participatory Natural Resource Management and Livelihoods (APNRM&L) project lasted two years, from 2007 until 2009, and the second phase was for three years, from 2010 until 2013. Overall, ten villages benefited from this project, representing 15,723 villagers for a budget of US$1,250,000. [slide] The activities carried out were on environmental awareness and included nonformal English classes. The latter covered six villages and 433 children. We also handed out stationery and five schools benefited from 70 bicycles. [slide] The farmers were trained in new techniques of agriculture and rekindled with traditional ways of farming and trained in compost-making. [slide] 86 pilot farmers profited. [slide] As for livelihood gardens, 41 families adopted them. [slide] Fish and chick raising was also brought in for 103 families. [slide] Handicrafts were promoted, with the villages of Rohal and Srah Srang counting 84 members while other villages totalled 52 members. [slide] The establishment of self-help groups has been going strong, with 9 groups and 107 members. [slide] Water filters have been distributed to 571 families. [slide] Again water, but this time the collection of rainwater from roofs, with 165 households participating. [slide] Some hydraulic engineering works have also been built to control floods and for irrigation. [slide] Stoves have been improved with INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 305 households receiving new stoves. [slide] Finally, two solar stations have been built, one at Leang Day and Phloung villages, the other at Toul Kralanh and Banteay Srei. [slide] Another aspect of the programme has focused on the community tourism initiatives. It is an activity additional to the traditional sectors such as agriculture and handicrafts. The projects have been managed following various principles, which are the following: an elected committee of the village administers the project, the APSARA National Authority only acts as an advisor and brings technical assistance, and the benefits accrue to the village participants, the committee members of the village and the village development fund. [slide] Among areas affected by the project is Banteay Srei, here the parvis, which there is no need to introduce. [slide] Among activities offered on the parvis are relaxing by strolling in the countryside and boating and fishing. 30 families manage these activities. [slide] At Srah Srang, the whole complex is being restored and this includes the villages of Rohal and North Srah Srang. [slide] A committee of 20 families is offering oxcart trail tours. [slide] Land use was also an issue, so a participatory land use plan has been set up, notably at Rohal and North Srah Srang. [slide] This pie chart explains the distribution of land, for example 79 percent is forested area and 13 percent rice fields. [slide] Registration was done in the same fashion, with the participation of the population. [slide] This publication is on the aerial photography of the Angkor Park, which helped for the land registration among others. [slide] The APNRM&L was completed in September 2013 and deemed a great success. A new project is now taking the helm: Angkor Community Heritage and Economic Advancement or ACHA. [slide] This is the logo. [slide] The overall goal of the ACHA project is the sustainable management of the Angkor Park, protecting heritage while providing economic prosperity and food security for the people who live within the park. [slide] The memorandum of understanding was signed on 4 June 2014. [slide] The budget is US$3.8 million over five years, from 2014 until 2019. [slide] What are the outputs of the project? The first is the advancement of the village economy through heritage-related and other economic activities, for example farming, selfhelp groups and community tourism. [slide] The second output is the capacity and the engagement of the population, so that the park’s stakeholders are engaged and trained to support economic advancement and also to train park rangers. The third output is natural resources management. It comprises the repair and construction of hydraulic structures and solar power stations. Land mapping is also on the agenda, as is land use planning, land registration and reforestation through the community. [slide] Finally, two pictures showing you how serious New Zealand is about this project, as we have had the honour of receiving the Foreign Affairs Minister and the GovernorGeneral of New Zealand. Thank you for your attention.” III.5 Assessment of the implementation of the Green Belt Project, by Mr. Ten Samrach, advisor for economic development service provision, GIZ [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] This project is the Red (Regional Economic Development) Programme or Green Belt for Siem Reap. I will first give you the background then an overview of the RED-Green belt Project, then the outreach, results and impacts, to finish with the future and the RED III, focusing on three provinces. [slide] I start with the initial objectives which covered the areas here in green: - Reduce poverty (improve the food safety net and living conditions through fair distribution of benefits from the tourism economy); - Control urban population growth (create employment in rural areas); - Participate in the protection and safeguarding of the World Heritage Site of Angkor. [slide] The programme overview: it started in October of 2007, with two phases, with Phase II ending in August of 2014. The objectives were better participation of the rural poor in the value-added economy created in Siem Reap, the reduction of ID Poor households and an increase of volume and market share of local products. The project is led by a Steering Committee, chaired by H.E. the provincial Governor. There is a national coordinator: H.E. Uk Someth and the provincial Coordinator, H.E. Bun Tharith, Deputy Governor of the province. The project includes an annual plan of operation. [slide] RED has three components: 1) Regional management and local economic development with better use of regional growth potentials through improved stakeholder cooperation. 2) The upgrading of the value chain of the economic and businesses development services by increased competitiveness and volume and market share of local products and services. 3) Local government action for pro-poor growth by setting a conducive environment and local government action for this. [slide] RED has different partners: at the government level with the provincial and district administrations, the departments of the province and the district and commune councils. A total of 73 public servants are concerned. For the private sector, it reaches 150 large and medium enterprises, five public-private partnerships and private sector associations. The financial resources come from Germany, with GIZ financing up to 11.1 million Euros and KFW 13.5 million Euros. Cambodia has injected 1.6 million Euros and provided staff and offices. [slide] RED activities have reached out to 11 rural districts and 97 communes, 857 villages covering 33,500 households. The annual target group capacity building (trainings, workshops, study trips) included 1,000 events, with 23,000 participants of which 40 percent were male and 60 percent female, with ID poor representing 23 percent. [slide] The results and impacts are for the target group level: increase of household income for 17,000, representing an average annual income increase per household of US$199 and a total annual income increase of circa US$3,300, and the proportion of ID poor households was more or less of 15 percent. [slide] What is the future for RED III? It will scale up to three provinces, as Oddar Meanchey and Banteay Meanchey are added to the programme. The resources for 20152017 are financially for the Cambodian side a remainder of 1.62 million Euros more or less 1.3 million Euros; non-financially, they include offices and staff. Germany provides 4.7 million Euros and Switzerland 3.3 million Euros. The programme will phase out in Siem Reap in 2017 and the two other provinces may have an extension until 2021. [slide] I would like to conclude my presentation by reading a personal message from H.E. Uk Someth, who asked me to convey his best regards to you. He wrote: ‘In January 2014, the RED Green-Belt programme was evaluated by an external mission of experts, including specialised consultants, representatives from the Swiss INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Development Co-operation and an expert from the Cambodian government. According to the OECD/ DAC criteria, the program was rated 1.2 on a scale ranging from 1= ‘very good’ to 5 = ‘useless’. Less than 3.2 percent of all programmes have achieved such an excellent rating. I honestly believe that the Green Belt Project, conceived as a test project within the framework of the policy of regional economic development, reflects a new approach to achieving poverty reduction and economic development, the ultimate aim of the government and the people of Cambodia. I hope the success registered nationally and internationally will stimulate simultaneously the government, the people, the international financial institutions and friendly countries to carry on their assistance to this country, where the percentage of poor and vulnerable households is still high. If this Green Belt Project were to be given a chance to pursue its course in the future in a sustainable way, I am convinced that Cambodia would—with its existing natural resources—one day be out of the world of absolute poverty. I would like to hereby conclude—in my regretful absence for this forum of scholars, the ICC—by conveying to all of you my sincere gratitude for your kind comprehension of our situation and your precious assistance of any kind. To my compatriots, I wish to share with you the success of this programme that comes from the root of my philosophy that: ‘The harmony and cohabitation between nature, human, economic development and the progress of social life is possible.’ On these final encouraging words, I would like to thank you for your attention.” III.6 Report on the creation of a central garden and a strolling area in Siem Reap, in Zone 3 by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary “Distinguished Co-chairs, Excellencies, [slide] The project to develop a pedestrian area in the garden facing the Siem Reap Royal Residence aims at creating harmony between the urban environment and the Outstanding Value of Angkor, a World Heritage site. The site is located in the town centre, opposite the Royal Residence and the Angkor Grand Hotel. What is exactly the goal of this development? The project objective is to create a free, joyful and restful area open to the public. The aim is to turn the garden into a central point in town, establishing coexistence between nature, culture and humanity. The implementation of the project will harmonise these three components of universal value. Up to now, the city of Siem Reap has not boasted any symbols of a city which history is rich and on the same par as its outstanding cultural value. This town is an old human settlement, completely intertwined with Angkor during the Khmer Empire and its peak era. This is the background pairing the city and the Angkor site as two major components of the harmony between preservation of culture, the identity of the country and sustainable development. The project is divided into two parts: first, the garden development which consists in the preservation of existing trees and, when necessary, to heal them so that they continue a healthy natural life cycle. Trees with historical value will be replanted. Secondly, a mechanism is to be invented that will enable the integration of the pleasure garden and the park to offer visitors a rest area during the hot season. A study of the different types of flowers INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session to be planted will be carried out in order to establish the right mix and colours for the overall harmony of the projected vegetal space. [slide] The concept of the garden is to showcase the Royal Residence, a historical place, and to preserve it, as it is part of the national heritage. It will also appreciate the value of the city of Siem Reap so that it may compete with Angkor’s cultural wealth. Another plus is the improvement of traffic around the garden by creating bypass streets. The developed garden will be entirely forbidden to traffic, to be enjoyed only by pedestrians. Bypass itineraries are planned, which I will explain in the next slide. The street fronting the Royal Residence will be turned into a major pedestrian axis and its development will enhance the cultural tourism and spiritual values of the area including the religious space of Preah Ang Chek , Preah Ang Cham and Lok Yeay Tep, which are favoured worship locations for locals. We aim, through this development, to eliminate any traffic in this area. This will also help mitigate the pollution so that visitors can stroll in pleasant surroundings. Accidents will also be prevented in an area filled with pedestrians, especially at peak hours in the evening. Gardens and vegetation will also be better protected and maintained, with the establishment of a maintenance team that will see to the cleanliness and hygiene of the environment. This will also be an additional motivating factor for the people of Siem Reap with a view to preserving an environment benefiting all. Working together, the provincial authorities and the general public will have the opportunity to turn Siem Reap into an ecological city on a par with the Angkor World Heritage site. [slide] The present space of the garden will be divided into three areas: a pleasure garden along the Angkor road; the central area for religious ceremonies and itinerary exhibitions on Khmer art, with a rest area shaded by large trees with historical value and finally; a forested park which will extend from the central area and will include the replanting of threatened tree species. Shaded walking tours creating a harmony between people and nature will be set up and kiosks will be built to shelter visitors from rainfall. The three ponds will be redeveloped to house local aquatic plants. [slide] The development of the pleasure garden aims at preserving the original traditional design that safeguarded the popular and famous character of the city of Siem Reap without setting aside the historical aspect of the Franco-Khmer friendship of the protectorate era. The theme is to reconcile classicism with developments that will compose a contemporary garden that will link the past and the present in harmony between time and space and as Albert Einstein said ‘two parameters of the universe including us all’. The garden will boast flowers of local essence when possible and will radiate colours and forms. [slide] This is the plan, and these are the pictures illustrating the present and projected state of the garden with this photomontage. [slide] This picture shows you how the pond would look once enhanced. [slide] As regard the development of the central area, it will be a forested area with paved pedestrian streets using local pavers that do not heat up and are easily maintained. These pedestrian streets will be the scenes of a variety of activities day and night: art, photos or drawings exhibition by professionals or children to foster expression and imagination. Artists will compete to optimise the space sheltered by large trees protecting the visitors from the heat. In the evening a flower market and stalls will create a party atmosphere for tourists to enjoy. [slide] These are again present and projected views. [slide] The last area of the garden will be dedicated to developing a forested area with large trees which historical value is to be preserved. Planting new species of trees near extinction will be the priority. The forested area will be a park lined with pedestrian axes that will enable visitors to discover a small botanical garden and simultaneously learn about the INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session most popular aquatic plants of the country such as water lily, lotus and jonquil. A few kiosks will be built to serve as resting areas or weather shelters. A light show between the forested area, filtering the rays of the sun and the ponds filled with aquatic plants which need heat and light to blossom, will make up a life-size living painting. [slide] More pictures illustrating the current and projected state in this area. [slide] I now move on to the traffic issue. This map depicts the present condition of the road network. This is the National Road 6, crossing through on this axis; here are the different hotels located around the square and to the east the river and the bridge. [slide] This is the bypass proposal which will turn the street facing the Royal Residence into a pedestrian area; vehicles will be diverted before the bridge at the crossing with Sivutha Boulevard. [slide] This is detailing the crossing opposing the Royal Residence. The oncoming traffic from Phnom Penh crosses the one-way bridge and turns right towards Angkor or makes a detour to reach NR6 towards Puork through the street along the Angkor Grand Hotel. The crossroads to be developed will ease traffic turning left or right. [slide] This is the Angkor Grand Hotel crossroads; from the bridge a vehicle can drive straight ahead to join with NR6 or turn left opposite the Angkor Grand Hotel towards Sivutha Boulevard and turn right in front of the Sokha Hotel at the traffic lights. This crossroad is to be developed. [slide] Detail of the third crossing opposite Sivutha Boulevard: Located at the crossroads of NR6 and Sivutha Boulevard in the north south axis. Traffic will be diverted left or right so that the street fronting the Royal Residence becomes pedestrian. This pedestrian street will be harmonised so that it fits with the existing gardens and creates a promenade. [slide] This slide presents the bypassing ways with the construction of the new bridge. [slide] The areas to be developed cover 2.5 hectares, with a pedestrian street of 320 x 6 metres. Paving will be re-laid during the development. Street lighting will be mounted and evening activities will liven up the area and attract tourists. [slide] This perspective more clearly shows the axes which will be one way or two way. A study measured the time taken when the bypassing roads are driven through presently, that is without the new bridge. We calculated from the present bridge to Sokha Hotel and vice versa. The study was done in the morning between 9 and 11 at a speed of 25 km/h and it takes about two minutes on average. [slide] [slide] This is the proposal with the bypassing roads and the new bridge. On Sivutha a new traffic light will be erected and some streets will become one way only. A comparative study was also done with the new bridge to compare distances and times. It will still take two minutes from the Angkor road towards the Amansara Hotel bridge, whereas the time will be the same whether you drive crossing the ancient bridge or the newer one, with an average of 3.5 minutes. [slide] This table summarises the recommendations for the garden developments: new studies of the layout of the garden, as per the recommended design; development of pedestrian axes in the garden and along the river; repaving of the gardens; installation of street lights in the garden; traffic lights at the new crossroads; traffic signs in the garden; studies of the plants and flowers to be planted in the garden; redevelopment of existing ponds with the creation of a light and sound show at the large pond (water jets synching with light and music; this is based on the sound and light show of the 2006 Angkor Gyeongju exhibition); and finally the establishment of a Garden Management Committee. [slide] The final aim is once again to secure the harmony of the environment surrounding the Royal Residence. I thank you for your attention.” INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session III.7 Report on the bypass road in the Angkor Park, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, introduced by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, The bypass road aims at diverting unnecessary traffic inside the Angkor Park. [slide] The objective is to ensure that the Angkor Park can be bypassed from Roluos to Angkor without driving through the city centre. The route begins at National Road 6, after the West Baray on the way to Puork and bypasses the Park on its north side to join with National Road 65 to the east of the Park and to the north of Roluos. [slide] Access roads leading to the Indratataka Baray and the Lolei temple near Roluos will be also developed. [slide] As will the roads leading to Banteay Samre and Pre Rup. [slide] This map illustrates what I mentioned earlier, where the bypass road coming from the north of the Angkor Park joins with National Road 65. There are some areas that need to be tarred, as shown here in red dots covering existing laterite roads and thereby non-destructive for the ground. There is then the need to continue this axis by building a road, represented by this red line, which will then bring the bypass road up to National Road 6 before Puork and after the West Baray. In yellow you notice bridges that will need to be built and the shoulders will be accordingly developed for drainage as represented by these yellow squares in several locations. I thank you for your attention.” III.8 Report on the Management of Forests at Angkor, by His Excellency Mr. Chhor Thanat, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] I will expound on the management of the forest in the Angkor Park. The forest plays an important role in stabilising the subsoil of the temple and preventing any natural disasters in the Angkor Park. [slide] In 2002, forest covered an area of 12,785 hectares. In 2006, forest covered an area of 11,447 hectares. The department patrols regularly and monitors the forested areas in zones 1 & 2 of the Angkor Park with special management. [slide] This is how the forest was divided into blocks and numbered to render the monitoring and patrolling more efficient. We call it block mapping. [slide] I would like to give you the definition of the forest according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation from the United Nations, the FAO. Forestland is defined on the basis of following criteria: it must include 10 percent minimum of forest cover over 0.5 hectares of forest area and with a tree height of over five meters. [slide] To collect data we use the following methodology. We locate with GPS the locations in the field, then we transfer the UTM point to a GIS programme to verify them with aerospace images and block mapping. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] This table presents the forested land in 2013, with zones 1 and 2 of the Angkor Park, Banteay Srei Park and Roluos Park. They represent in total 17 blocks of which 5,737.11 hectares are forested and 34,378.40 hectares are considered as non-forested. The total is 40,115.51 hectares. [slide] These different maps present the changes in the forest cover between 2002 and 2006 and [slide] between 2006 and 2013. [slide] As you can see on this graph, the cover has increased in zone 1 from 3,000 hectares to almost 5,000 hectares and while decreasing until 2006 it has been slightly growing for the past years in zone 2. [slide] A map of the forest cover of the Angkor Park, with examples of trees and what we call a growth in colony. [slide] What are the expected outputs of our work? The forest cover in the Park has increased for two reasons. The first is reforestation and the second is putting a halt to the illegal exploitation of the forest. Regarding the first reason, we have carried out reforestation and seedling distribution to the communities. The planting has helped enriching the soils in areas where the forest had been degraded. [slide] This shows you activities carried out by different groups, for example here, the cycling tour at Phnom Bok primary school or planting along the Korean ring road and the East Mebon in collaboration with the Sokha Hotel Group. [slide] Another activity here with the ceremony of the delegation of the fourth Trail of Civilisation. [slide] In these pictures, reforestation activity at Barang Dam, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. And this below is the reforestation to the north of Preah Khan Temple, organised by the ASEAN Youth Association. [slide] Tourists also engage in what they call memorable tree planting, as here in these pictures from Spean Angkor. [slide] The communities were very much engaged with activities, with the participation of monks, local authorities and local people to contribute to the protection of the forest in the Angkor area. [slide] This is tree seedling distribution to communities, institutions and NGOs. [slide] The second factor for the extension of the forest cover is the prevention of illegal activities within the forest. Regular patrols search targeted areas and in this picture below you can see an illegal woodcutter caught red-handed. [slide] The conclusions from our activities are that the forest is in harmony with the temples and the people, as they are closely interrelated with culture and community. The sustainable forest management has increased forest cover within the Angkor Park. The increase of forest cover has enhanced the greenery of the Angkor Archaeological Park, and thereby attracts tourists (eco-tourism). Sustainable forest management has resulted in increasing the biodiversity and ecosystems within the Angkor Park. I thank you for your attention.” III.9 Report on the development of the Angkor Wat parvis and the enlargement of the parking area, by Mr. Son Pharath, architect, Department of Urban Heritage Development, and His Excellency Mr. Sok Sangvar, Head of the Tourism Management Plan Unit, APSARA National Authority Presenter not specified: “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] I would like to present the Angkor Wat parvis development project in this progress report on the works. [slide] The first phase of the project has included the implementation of the clearing of all vehicles from the promenade areas and established pedestrian zones opposite Angkor Wat. In red on the map are areas where parking is prohibited to vehicles. [slide] This sketch of a map illustrates the first phase of the locations of the road signs prohibiting parking of any vehicles (car, buses). [slide] The signs have been installed on both sides of the main axes, as is shown in this picture: towards the car park on the way to Angkor Wat, towards Angkor Thom south of the parvis and opposite the car park. [slide] The construction of the Visitor Centre began on the 7th of September, 2014. Foundation holes have been carefully dug in order to prevent damaging the roots of the trees to be preserved. The foundation locations have sometimes been relocated. [slide] This is the general map, with the forthcoming parvis and the second phase where tourist facility buildings will be located as well as the botanical garden and other developments. [OrigE] [slide] Why do we need to extend the car park at Angkor Wat? Simply because the capacity of that present does not suffice, as it is full, notably without sufficient spaces for buses. [slide] This map shows you the existing parking and areas to be extended. [slide] The goal is the management of a proper car park including flow management to reduce traffic disorder and congestion and improve the visitor experience while promoting the cultural landscape of Angkor. [slide] The car park areas will be located adjacent to the existing parking. [slide] This draft design gives you an idea of the look of it. [slide] Further details here. It will cover an area of 102 x 85 metres and will be able to accommodate 102 buses. This car park will be only for buses and connect with the existing car park. There will also be a bus transfer station. [slide] Obviously, all these works need the support of the ad hoc experts of the ICC and collaboration is needed between the existing Angkor Wat parvis team, the related department and the ad hoc experts. I thank you for your attention.” General discussion No supporting document available C. TRAINING III.10 Report on the training programme in the field of restoration: end of Cycle 1 (2012-2014) and initiation of a new Cycle (2014-2016) by Ms. Sisowath-Men Chan Devy, Director of the Heritage Mission and Ms. Mireille Grubert, Director of the École de Chaillot Ms. Mireille Grubert: INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] Training of trainers in architectural, urban and landscape heritage is one of the components of the cooperation in training heritage professionals and has spanned a cycle of nine years, from 2007 until 2016. The cycle has been divided into three training sessions from 2007 until 2010, each for a duration of one year, which trained 62 professionals (from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) and of two session for trainers from 2012 until 2016. [slide] Among those professionals trained between 2007 and 2010, eleven are architects or archaeologists and work with the APSARA National Authority, with nine others working at the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts. [slide] How did the institutional aspect unfolded? Actors were mobilised as early as 2003, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, represented by Mrs. Francine d’Orgeval, the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Mr. Bruno Favel and with the support of the French Embassy. Financing is through a Fonds de solidarité prioritaire (FSP, Priority Solidarity Fund) from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with subsidies from the Ministry of Culture and Communication. His Highness Prince Sisowath Kulachad, Secretary of State at the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts and Michel Verrot, architect and urban planner for the French government and project manager of the FSP from2001 until 2010, designed the project. The training is organised and managed through the Heritage Training Centre in Cambodia, supervised by Sisowath-Men Chan Devy, the École de Chaillot from Paris in charge of the curricula and scientific responsibility represented by Mireille Grubert and Natacha Pakker. Sylvain Ulisse was appointed FSP project manager in 2012. [slide] There are also professors collaborating with Chaillot, Alexandre Melissinos or the ICC ad hoc expert, Professor Lablaude. [slide] The main feature of the project is its regional network with Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The study sites are rotating in the three countries for each session. The education methodology is based on professional workshops with hands-on training. Each seminar focuses on two fields: city and architecture. This training of trainers is among the first of its kind, comprising of actives, educational and participative methods advocating empowering and the ability to convey knowledge. [slide] Workshop seminars see to the transfer of competences and knowledge. To transfer knowledge one needs to master the topic conveyed. These workshops allow trainees to thoroughly master the methodology previously taught (documentation, diagnosis, synthesis and finally the project). Finally, thanks to these workshops, trainees acquire the abilities to convey information using their knowledge and the methodology. [slide] Seminars are organised as follows: a day presenting the site and related issues (in classroom), five days of team work on three topics, three days of synthesising the information, followed by a gathering of the data produced and a day presenting the work done. Topics are, as I said, monument and city fields. [slide] Here is a picture of the team in Hué, Vietnam, when they worked on the citadel. [slide] Finally, a reminder of our open lectures, which take place at the École de Chaillot in Paris. This is an example, a lecture given by Mr. Beschaouch on World Heritage Challenges. If you would like to get more information on the school, visit our website. I thank you for your attention.” INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Ms. Sisowath-Men Chan Devy: “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] I would like to take stock of the first 2012-2014 session regarding the training of trainers. This will also include the work of the Heritage Training Centre and the training of trainers’ first session, as well as its application, such as the proposal to protect urban heritage, training, an exhibition and a conference. There is also work being done on the roof of the National Library in Phnom Penh. The second session of training of trainers started last year and ends in 2016. [slide] Let’s begin with the 2012-2014-stocktaking exercise. The aim is the training of Cambodian, Vietnamese and Laotian professionals to become trainers with the longer perspective of establishing a network of professors and experts from the three countries. For the first session we had 14 trainees (six Cambodians, five Vietnamese and three Laotians) and 36 auditors (21 Cambodians, 10 Vietnamese and six Laotians). [slide] As briefly mentioned by Mireille Grubert, the curriculum is divided into two fields: architecture (buildings and monuments) and the urban space (built-up or open spaces and landscapes). It is the École de Chaillot which is in charge of the curricula and scientific approach. This table presents the five workshops organised during the first session of training, with three workshops organised in Cambodia, one in Luang Prabang, Laos and one in Hué, Vietnam. [slide] The outcomes of the first session resulted in the graduation of 13 students, with 36 auditors awarded attendance certificates. The graduation ceremony was organised on the 14th of June, 2014 chaired by her Excellency the Minister of Culture and Fine Arts of Cambodia. [slide] Now, the practical aspect of things with the applications implemented by the Heritage Mission. Some of our activities include the identification of urban heritage, in this picture the Post Office quarter in Phnom Penh, which has been analysed with a safeguarding and rehabilitation map prepared. [slide] The same was done on the Chinese neighbourhood, also in Phnom Penh. [slide] Another building in critical condition is the National Library, where a preliminary study was carried out before undertaking any restoration works. Most urgent interventions have focused on the library roof with the restoration working-site started on 17 November 2014. [slide] One of the roles of the Heritage Mission is capacity transfer. To this end, we welcome trainees and especially architecture students from the Royal University of Fine Arts (RUFA) in Phnom Penh for three to six months and students of ENSA (a French architecture school from Toulouse) for five months. We also have a training building project carried out at RUFA with lectures and cooperate with the ENSA Paris Belleville. [slide] As mentioned earlier on, we organised an exhibition featuring the city of Phnom Penh and its heritage called Once upon a time…Phnom Penh. It was opened on the 30th of September, 2014 at the Institut français in Cambodia. [slide] The new training session for trainers from 2014 until 2016 is planned tentatively, as on this table. Once again, there will be five workshops; the first is to be held this month in Siem Reap, and four others distributed between 2015 and 2016, which makes a total of three in Cambodia, one in Vietnam and one in Laos. I thank you for your attention.” INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session General discussion No supporting document available IV- TECHNICAL REPORTS IV.1 Questions and Answers on reports on the projects implemented by the APSARA National Authority and the progress report of the projects conducted by the international teams (reports distributed in advance) No supporting document available V- AD HOC EXPERTS’ REPORT V.1 Report from the ad hoc Group of Experts for Conservation, by Professors Mounir Bouchenaki, Giorgio Croci, Kenichiro Hidaka and Pierre-André Lablaude Professors Mounir Bouchenaki and Giorgio Croci’s reports not available Pierre-André Lablaude: “I would like to add a few words following the different technical items that were presented by my colleague, Mr. Giorgio Croci, regarding the key issue of the anastylosis of the Hall of Dancers at Ta Prohm. You may recall that a few years ago, when the Royal Government of Cambodia entrusted our Indian Colleagues from ASI with the conservation of Ta Prohm, they proposed a very ambitious project of anastylosis of the complete temple which raised some eyebrows among our group of ad hoc experts. The reason was that this project was questioning the former adopted restoration scheme of decades of conservation in Angkor, as Ta Prohm and this is the case for other monuments, was conversely ‘preserved’ in its ruined condition, engulfed in vegetation and forest. This touched upon a frequent discussion in terms of conservation and restoration of monuments, to ascertain whether a monument should be set back into its original condition or conversely stabilised and preserved in the state it was found in throughout the aftermath INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session of history. Very rapidly the completely collapsed Hall of Dancers has found itself at the heart of this debate. I have to admit that our Indian colleagues managed to persuade us on the value of following the anastylosis approach for the Hall of Dancers. The project was initially validated for the northern section of Hall of Dancers and was a mixed bag, with the south section left as it was found so that visitors could see the difference. This anastylosis was initially limited and dialectic and spread to half of the southern section and the works are now nearing completion. The visit to this work site has reminded us of a very important aspect, which is that architecture does not only concern stone, something filled, it also encompasses empty areas and, foremost, space. This space of the Hall of Dancers, which no one had been able to appreciate for more than five or seven centuries, is now showing its splendour with this spectacular hypostyle Hall, unprecedented in its dimensions in ancient Khmer architecture. Faced with the reality of this wonder, the question can be raised whether the initial mixed scheme of a didactic presentation confronting ruined and reassembled sections should be continued, or the anastylosis should be streamlined to the complete Hall to reset the wealth of its space—knowing that less than a quarter of the area of the Hall (26 spans out of 117) is still in ruins and that 98 percent of the original stone has been preserved. We have considered that the potential decision to change the adopted scheme at Ta Prohm is too important in its principle and impact on the monument for the sole expertise of the ad hoc experts. This is why we are asking to discuss this (during the next ICC technical session) with all of you, not only on the Hall of Dancers but extended to the whole temple complex. We have deemed important that this questioning with regard to the sections in ruins and those reassembled through anastylosis, the thin line between the one and the other, should be scaled up to the whole complex and that our ASI colleagues may to this end establish a proposal setting their objectives for the whole of Ta Prohm. Our Standing Secretary will later propose the drafting of a summarising recommendation to this aim. Regarding Banteay Samre and road network projects: His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou’s presentation on Banteay Samre goes beyond this lone monument, as it covers a large area of the Angkor site, especially with regard to hydraulic and road infrastructures. Notably, the APSARA National Authority led a general project for the gradual re-flooding of the ancient barays of Angkor. The North Baray has already been subjected to a refill, with spectacular results. The eventual long or mid-term flooding of the Lolei or Eastern Barays would require the rerouting of the several roads presently crossing them. The new layout of these roads would connect them to existing roads or extend them and could significantly reduce traffic in the city of Siem Reap when looking at the bigger picture. Nevertheless, the rerouting could include some of the banks of the aforementioned barays or crossing areas that may be home to significant archaeological structures. The group of ad hoc experts recalls the previous unfortunate road levelling works that took place at the Western Baray a few years ago and those that were undertaken last year at the archaeological site of the Ta Prohm parvis. Nowadays, the knowledge of the Angkor site has changed, notably thanks to the LiDAR technology that has revolutionised our understanding of the site. Thereby, it is no longer acceptable that such public works are carried out without prior systematic scientific INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session documentation and archaeological investigations of structures and areas potentially impacted by these works. The rerouting or possible extension of existing road networks should be an opportunity to reconsider in several places their present relationships with some major monuments, which are sometimes blatantly contradicting the original layout and aspect principles. Consequently, whilst supporting the overall project or re-flooding of the barays, the group of ad hoc experts: 1. Concurs with the rerouting of some roads that presently encroach on the footprint of historical structures, while strongly suggesting building a bypass road for the whole World Heritage Site, in order to prevent traffic jams and to ease traffic flow control. 2. For the implementation of these different works, the group recommends careful planning and carrying out of rescue archaeological research. These prior interventions should be considered as binding before any works of this kind are undertaken and this in particular for the banks of the East and Lolei Barays. 3. To conclude, the group of ad hoc experts underscores the benefits that such projects can bring to the monuments of the affected areas, for example in terms of recognition and access to the temple of Pre Rup or by switching the present north side access of the Banteay Samre temple to its original east-west axis. I thank you for your attention.” Mr. Kenichiro Hidaka: [OrigE] “I will start with the temples of Lolei and Bakong. Mr. Ly Vanna of the APSARA National Authority, DCMA, and Professor Hans Leisen of GACP guided the ad hoc experts. We thank them and their staffs for detailed explanations. Ly Vanna’s team is in charge of architectural consolidation and restoration, as we saw in his morning presentation, while professor Leisen’s team conducts the conservation of sandstone sculptures and other surface decorations. The collaboration of these two teams is excellent and exemplary in their high quality of intervention and safety management of the site. I highly appreciated the tough and diligent work implemented on these sites, both on the architectural and smaller decorative scales and express my respect for the proficiency and skill of Mr. Tan Sophal, deputy director of DCMA, and the unparalleled expertise of Professor Leisen, who is continually fighting against exfoliations, detachments and other serious deterioration. Risk maps have been designed to record pathological types and to prioritise the order and degrees of intervention. This method was recommended in our recommendation of 2011 and we express our appreciation for this process, which works on a detailed scale, smaller than that applied for the broader Risk Map Project of Angkor Thom. Small-scale risk maps are very practical and may be elaborated on and updated by the archaeologists and conservators of each site on the basis of minute observations and examinations. Brick structures are relatively vulnerable and anastylosis is generally not feasible. The sites of Lolei and Bakong show difficult challenges as one of the oldest brick structures in Angkor area. Structural relocation should be done very carefully to keep the total balance and distribution of stress. Otherwise simple intervention done for its good may create new cracks on the other side. As is naturally supposed, high technology for this delicate work has been developed in various ways; we have to think of a future possibility to introduce these sophisticated INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session methods when the diagnosis gives critical, dangerous data or the structure itself shows symptoms of imminent destruction. In this respect, long-term monitoring is absolutely necessary. Our recommendation from 2011 said: ‘It is recommended to ensure accurate monitoring of movements and displacements for all of the eight towers at Bakong’. I hereby add the necessity of installing an adequate monitoring system on Lolei’s towers as well as on the southeast tower outside the second enclosure of Bakong. During the visit, particular attention was paid to the severely damaged sandstone ‘trilithe’ (the composition of one beam supported by two side pillars) at the entrance of the northeast tower of Lolei complex. Two options are taken into consideration for the restoration of the upper part of the structure: a) To dismantle the lintel and the brick wall in order to reinforce them before the relocation; b) To reinforce the lintel and the brick wall in situ, without any removal. We will recommend the second option for Lolei. Ancient bricks are generally stronger compared with newer ones. The re-use of the ancient bricks scattered near the monument is desirable. But the number of ancient bricks which are usable for restoration is limited, and the addition of new bricks is inevitable for the restoration or consolidation of large volumes of the structure. The ad hoc experts appreciate the principle adopted by Mr. Ly Vanna and Mr. Tan Sophal: to add new bricks for the inner part, leaving the original ones on the surface facing outwards. This approach guarantees visual consistency between the original and the restored parts of the structure. During the visit, particular attention was also given to the east brick tower of Bakong. The original lintel fell down in 2009 and restoration has since been carried out. Some points of our recommendation of 2011 have not yet been implemented, such as covering the uppermost part of the structure against rainfall, and installation of permanent bars embedded in the structure along each side using an appropriate connection and anchorage system. Then, to close my comments, I add two points for the purpose of making our activity more effective and to raise awareness of the issues: the first point is on the ‘monitoring of the implementation of our recommendation’, and the second ‘sphere-area and positioning of our activity regarding the recommendation’. On each site we are given explanations. We really appreciate the cooperation of each team. Very quickly, we exchange our opinions and make our recommendations, which should be the bases of any following development of the conservation work. Along with the pressing schedule of site visit, however, it is difficult to gain feedback from the supervisors and workers of the site. Were our recommendations really implemented without any problems? Were there no modifications due to unpredictable situations? The implementation of our recommendation is not a question to be answered simply by ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, ‘Nothing’ or ‘100 percent’. The monitoring of the fulfilment of the recommendations as well as necessary adjustments or modifications (downgrading or upgrading) of our requirements have rarely been done. In this respect, I also regret the lack of communication between the people in charge of each site and ourselves. Even though there are logistical difficulties in accommodating our site visits with our always tight schedule, I hope that some improvements would be taken into account for the INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session efficient monitoring of the implementation of our recommendations, which necessarily increases their credibility and reliability. To move to the second point: Sphere/area and positioning of ad hoc experts within the ICC. We are called ‘international experts’, which means we are assigned to make recommendations on international cooperation sites, or are we ourselves international to give recommendations generally for the conservation of Angkor as a whole? If the APSARA National Authority has some challenges which may need to be discussed with us, is it proper for us to enter into discussion with them regarding institutionally domestic affairs? Or should we not mingle with the internal conservation programme which necessarily bears Outstanding Universal Values? Maybe we have to go back to check and consider the original spirit of the ICC or the original definition of the positioning of the ad hoc experts. What should be the nature and significance of our recommendations to be submitted independently and directly to the chairpersons of the ICC? As we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the establishment of this unique tool for conservation, we should have occasion to redefine our task and duties in the light of unique characteristics which have always successfully driven conservation in the vast site of Angkor. This review and clarification may surely be the model of exemplary significance for the new Preah Vihear ICC.” V.2 Report from the ad hoc group of experts for sustainable development, by Professors Bernard Hubert, Jean-Marie Furt and Shinji Tsukawaki Professor Bernard Hubert: “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, This report drafted as Phase II of the Angkor Participatory Natural Resource Management and Livelihood Project (APNRM&L) supported by the New Zealand Government under the responsibility of the Department of Land Use and Habitat Management of the APSARA National Authority, has reached Phase III. It is now called Angkor Community Heritage & Economic Advancement (ACHA). In late October, the experts received the Activity Completion Report of the APNRM&L and the Inception Report of the ACHA Project. On the first of December, in the afternoon, a site visit was organised, attended by H.E. Khuon Khun-Neay, who has spearheaded the project for the APSARA National Authority and Mr. Jady Smith, leader of the Live & Learn Project. The Banteay Srei visit gave a concrete image of the project’s achievements, such as tourism development on the shores of the Srae Prey Lake (which is in fact a baray), the pilot farm (horticulture, local poultry farming, etc.), the solar panel platform, the wooden carving workshop, etc. Along came collaborators of the APSARA National Authority CLT (Community Liaison Team) which allowed us to meet and exchange with local community actors who are in charge of these above-mentioned achievements. We assessed the value of these activities for the villagers and the smooth relationship they maintain with the CLT teams. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session This visit confirmed the favourable feelings we had reading the 2010-2013 report on the activities carried out within the framework of the APNRM&L, furthering our first feeling of the initial 2011 visit in the early stages of the Phase II of the project at Srah Srang. The particular approach of this project was to favour a participative approach with local communities and to base the activities on the priorities identified by the consulted villages. One of the first outcomes of this selected methodology has been the establishment of the CLT teams within the APSARA National Authority, who are responsible for interacting with the local communities within the respect of a trustful and constructive relationship and subsequently training these communities to collective action and participative labour techniques. The CLT is the cornerstone of this approach and it will be vital not only to uphold it, but to reinforce its human and material resources, notably with vehicles that can be used all year round. In the field, the project developed activities in several sectors: - Improvement of farming yield (rice, poultry, aquaculture, etc.) to provide for the food security of the rural families (which is presently not the case). -Establishment of local saving groups so that underprivileged families may borrow for small investments. - Training to the making of handicrafts and marketing the sale of these local ucts. prod- - Solar panel installation (linked to water pumps, battery chargers, etc.). - Distribution of water filters essential for sanitation of water used for ments. refresh- - Setting up of small tourism projects (ox cart or boat tours) directly managed by the local communities. - Water management infrastructures (flood, irrigation). - A land use map has been designed by experts, confirmed by aerial pictures with the view to stabilising the families’ right of use. - etc. These achievements have exemplified the potential activities that could be set up so that local people can benefit from the momentum of the economic development generated by the Angkor site (within the respect of the wording of our 2012 report). To preserve the people and their activities (farming and forestry among others) is not only critical for the society, but also for the preservation of the heritage landscape that set the monuments in the natural and social spaces they have been conceived and built within. In the APNRM&L report, the temporalities of these social change processes are underlined, as is the need to “take time” to start transformation of life-style and practices in particular when the latter requires to be empowered and renewed by the concerned actors, which is the only real way to successfully achieve any innovation. This is the reason we are supporting ACHA and the third phase of the project being implemented. Beyond the numerous goals set following the inception phase and heeding the multitude of new institutions committed in ACHA, it is deemed essential to uphold the INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session spirit and approach experimented successfully during Phase II with the intervention of Live & Learn Environment Education spearheaded by Jady Smith. Increasing staff and resources would consolidate the CLT. It would enable the APSARA National Authority the constitution of a field team close to the locals with whom they work in mutual trust on development projects that may associate local communities with economic perspectives that the attractiveness of the Angkor site has opened on the world scale. The CLT officers, once the cooperation projects have been completed, will be responsible for the sustainability of ongoing or future activities and for their commitment in the collective endeavour with the local communities. It is also respecting the temporalities pertaining to any social change processes and the necessary mutual training they are based on. Haste is not on the agenda and do not expect any quantifiable outcomes in the short term that may satisfy donors. The stakeholders at hand need time to implement their projects and to perhaps produce innovative outcomes, even unlikely ones, but which relevance and sustainability in the field will be secured because they are the results of activities supported by the concerned stakeholders themselves, etc. Finally, the ACHA project places water management as a core issue (refer to the logo), a crosscutting approach that we can only approve of: Water is an asset for farming, a threat when flooding, a vital component of living humans’ nutrition, which health depends on the quality of water, etc. We would like to congratulate the APSARA National Authority and especially H.E. Khuon Khun Neay for the quality of the visits organised and of the exchanges and of the work implemented over the past few years within the APNRM&L Project framework.” Mr. Jean Marie Furt: “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, The preparation work for this ICC has taken us to several sites. I report on on-going and future developments, notably at Ta Prohm and Angkor Wat and on the monitoring of the works started by the team of the Tourism Management Plan (TMP). My colleagues will present our observations and questions on the APSARA National Authority/New Zealand project and on ecotourism development at Kampong Phluk. [slide] With regard to works and projects at Ta Prohm, they have common goals regarding improving tourism flow and increasing safety for visitors. Showing a willingness to improve the quality of the visit, they are carried out by two different teams lacking proper coordination. At the last technical session and guided by Mr. Ros Borath, we had visited the site. Works initiated by the APSARA National Authority under Mr. Ros’ leadership aimed at easing traffic and decreasing the mess at the western gate of the temple, as well as improving ground drainage in the rainy season and finally building a bypass road, stopping traffic opposite the temple and allowing vehicles to park at the rear. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session In our last report we insisted on several points, and, in particular, on the need to present a comprehensive plan for the forthcoming installations and to be informed in detail on the selected materials and colours. The plan was handed over to us yesterday. In terms of methodology it lacks detail and besides this, experts in conservation also need to be consulted. [slide] What we have found is that the areas, the developments and the arrangements seem to match with what had been described to us. In terms of emergency and continuing activities, trees need to be planted as planned (holes have been dug), as this will help solving drainage issues; there are also problems with the disorderly parking of motorcycles and in terms of flow management, tackling issues as a whole so that they will not be replicated in other areas of the Angkor site. [slide] This point needs to be strongly recalled as further development of the space is planned on the East Gate, which should be developed similarly to the work being undertaken at the current gate. The plans of the future developments were also handed over to us yesterday. It is stated that the number of selling stalls should be cut back to a list dating back from 2005 (the exact number was not mentioned) and simultaneously to scale down the area occupied by businesses and, an important point, to move them to the rear, where they used to be, which is in the background of the site plan. [slide] This would clear the entrance and obtain an area where traffic will flow and parking will be created to prevent any bottleneck and improve the safety of the area of the entrance gate. These proposals seem reasonable and we would simply like to recall our previous observations on the social acceptability of the project and the need to take time to explain to the stall owners that they will be relocated to an area at the rear of the car park. [slide] Regarding the new itineraries proposed. Some members of the TMP team led by Mr. Sok Sangvar accompanied us during the Ta Prohm visit. They are establishing several potential management flow projects inside the temple and works carried out will impact their choices. The APSARA National Authority has collated data showing that peak visiting hours are between 10 and 11 a.m. with some 1,600 visitors inside the temple, which leads to congestion of the central area of the complex and is a factor of potential threat to the building and safety of visitors. The TMP team proposals are based on the use of two gates (West and East) and the establishment of several itineraries inside the complex using distinctive signage. They also want to empower the guards to a greater extent; they will be located in key locations to regulate the flow. They also need training, so that they may take action with tourists in order to protect the temple or to respond rapidly to modify some itineraries. [slide] These projects shall be implemented. They represent significant advances in particular for the role bestowed to guards. Nevertheless, they might be of no effect without: Proper overall coordination of the different services; broadening the scope of the issue (flow management shall be planned as early as at the ticketing stage) and potentially without any changes to the organisation of the work (to pull away from an organisation by departments to start articulating the organisation by temples or group of temples with the appointment of site managers). I move on to the Angkor Wat parvis. [slide] One year ago we visited the site of the works on the forthcoming parvis. Taking into account the emblematic nature of the site, we insisted on the need to standardise projects and on the continuing uncertainty and inaccuracy of the project. Mrs. Chau Sun Kérya and Mr. Sok Sangvar guided us this year for the visit. This visit has led us to make two types of observations The first is general and deals with the general aspect of the site. The site of the works has been fenced with the erection of signs indicating a new circulation flow. Several spaces of 4 m² have been delimited on the ground to accommodate the building pillars and crosses etched on some trees indicate that they will be cut. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] The report given to us during the visit mentions delays in the construction of the Visitor Centre due to an annual financial audit carried out on the contractor selected for the works. With regard to the uncertainty hovering over this contractor, the Korean government shall multiply controls. Indeed, the report extensively outlines the need to prepare the population (stall owners, drivers, etc.) which is a positive aspect, but it does not mention any accurate planning or detailed schedule. It only presents three overall plans, mainly focusing on the traffic issue. We are also still waiting for more details on the materials and colours to be used, on the areas allocated to the visitor centre and shops. [slide] The plan that we worked on during the site visit mentioned the construction of three shopping malls over an area of circa 1,000m². We are thereby obliged to recall that the Royal Decree from 28 May 1994 forbade any industrial and commercial development inside protected sites apart from small-scale activities related to the maintenance and protection of the cultural landscapes and archaeological reserves. Also recalling that several resolutions and notably that of the 31st of January 2011 (most of you here were present) insisted on the need to limit the built area to 500 m² and to preserve trees of value for natural or cultural heritage. [slide] Heeding all the uncertainties related to this project we could only recommend halting the works. The second observation is on the car park. The site visit presented wrongful use of the space allocated for the car park with exaggerating large flowerbeds, the lack of use of potential extensions, although this is a solution planned by the TMP team, and also a blatant safety issue for tourists. Indeed, the latter in order to reach the planned facilities and the temple, will cross and walk on a busy road which connects Siem Reap to the airport. Therefore, the road should be slightly detoured to bypass the whole length of the car park. Regarding progress made with the TMP: last year, we mentioned that the TMP should enable better tourism development in Angkor, reuniting the site with its territory and to secure a more operational governance system and thereby more crosscutting. Mr. Sok Sangvar informed us on the progress of his teamwork and we spent an afternoon of exchange with him and close collaborators. [slide] They explained their work methodology, priorities, etc. Regarding the methodology, they have distributed the six key activities as determined in the initial document and based on them implemented concrete actions as the following table explains: - Improve the visitor experience by setting up Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom itineraries. - Mitigate the impact on the site by thinking out the creation a passport for Angkor and establishing a code of conduct. - Develop the collaboration with the tourism industry for a more sustainable tourism through the establishment of a consultative group. - Obtain the commitment of all stakeholders for more benefits for the locals and to set up more participative governance. All of these objectives necessitate widening the consultative group. All this work is completed with a thorough reflection on the design of a mini TMP for Angkor Thom which would be used as a trial before mainstreaming the initiatives piloted. Work is progressing and the first outcomes should be felt next year (for example feedback from the consultative group). This would enable us to kick start some activities INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session still shelved (for example governance and windfalls for the locals), as they require longer processing. The discussions and works started have highlighted the limitations of the organisation chosen for the establishment of the TMP. Indeed, the usual operational organisation may be considered as satisfying to begin the project, whereas the development of a said same project may be confronted with the lack of cooperative culture of some of the stakeholders and the absence of any efficient regulatory mechanism. For example, the work on flow management may be inaccurate due to incomplete statistics (it is actually the case as the latter amalgamates all visitors without establishing a distinction between individuals and groups). The TMP is a philosophy, but also a tool. The tool may be used to lead into one direction, but the philosophy needs to permeate all directions, otherwise the tool will be unusable or could be swamped into the multiplication of small targeted activities. This will be reflected in our recommendations.” Mr. Shinji Tsukawaki: [OrigE] “I will rather concentrate on the environmental aspect of what we have seen these last few days. [slide] As you have heard, we went to Ta Prohm where, as you can see, the conditions of the present access by the East Gate are not ideal. [slide] The shops have already been moved to the new location [slide] here at the West Gate. We noticed some inadequate conservation techniques for large trees, as shown in this picture. Let’s move on to Angkor Wat and the new parvis. [slide] The work is informed with signboards put up and the area to be developed has been fenced and, [slide] as shown here, openings for foundations have been dug. [slide] The car park area for vehicles has also been developed to the west of the parvis. [slide] As for The Tourism Management Plan, Jean-Marie has mentioned it, notably the new role that the guards will take. [slide] The Apsara New Zealand project includes tours managed by the local communities and improvement of the living conditions with better nutrition and development of solar panels for access to electricity. [slide] Handicraft production is also promoted. [slide] Let’s move on to Kampong Phluk, which boasts beautiful landscapes, dense inundated forest and a unique culture. The people of this village live in stilt houses and the ICC participants visited this village back in 2008. It is located on the lowermost reaches of the Roluos River, circa 30 kilometres from Siem Reap. There are around 700 households for a population of 3,500. [slide] The ad hoc experts for Sustainable Development pointed out the cultural importance of the village as well as the vital ecosystem during the 22nd Technical Session of the ICC-Angkor. They also reported various changes, mostly of large infrastructural constructions in and around the village and in the forests due to recent marked development for tourism. You can see in these pictures the construction of a platform on the lake and of a restaurant in the forest. [slide] We visited the village of Kampong Phluk on the morning of 2 December 2014 to grasp the present conditions of the natural environment, the ecosystem in particular, and to hear village leaders’ opinions about present life of the village people. [slide] Fresh water fishery in and around the village, and in the Tonle Sap Lake is thriving. Various fishing methods and techniques are observed in the area throughout the year. [slide] Inundated forests to the south of the village. The water depth was about five metres when we visited. The dense forests have protected the delicate village houses from INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session strong waves and winds from the lake. [slide] The village starting to be regularly visited by overseas tourists from 2002. The village people had managed local tourism until 2009 themselves. A private sector company started to manage tourism in 2009 under an agreement with the village, and it developed tourism in and around the village area. Another private sector company also started its activities in June of 2014. These two private sector companies have taken over portions of management of the area until now. We visited a platform restaurant and walkways in the dense forests, constructed by the first private sector company in 2012. [slide] Considering the tourism project, whatever the type of organisation managing, a private company or the local community, those in charge have to take urgent care of the state of the road as well as the depth of the canal. A road in poor condition, muddy and slippery, and a canal which depth does not allow the fair circulation of boats, could seriously threaten the attractiveness of the site for tourists. [slide] Because the village is noted for a unique ecosystem and its cultural uniqueness, both are very sensitive and easily threatened; thus, careful exploitation must be carried out in and around the village. Adequate discussion and mutual agreements within all members of the community should be made before exploitation. Further, thorough discussions between the provincial government, local authorities and communities, private sector companies and the APSARA National Authority should take place in order to protect the cultural and natural values of this unique village. I would like to conclude my presentation with this thought: We might have been too hasty when developing Angkor. We should look back over the past 20 years in order to identify adequate mechanisms for the sustainable development of Angkor for the future. I thank you for your attention.” VI- THEMES FOR DISCUSSION VI.1 Managing tourism at Angkor, theme introduced by His Excellency Mr. Sok Sangvar, Head of the TMP Unit, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] Managing tourism in Angkor is not an easy task. I have prepared a presentation that could help us navigate through the discussion. The following topics will help the flow of the debate: Tourism in Cambodia, cultural tourism in Cambodia, cultural tourism in Angkor, cultural tourism in APSARA and then time for discussion and questions. [slide] First, tourism in Cambodia: There are several destinations to choose from: the coastal zone for seaside tourism, the northern part for ecotourism and the capital for urban tourism. The heart of tourism lies here in Angkor, cultural tourism. Since the start of the Win Win Policy (1998) the country has lived in peace, and has been stable and enjoying economic growth. Some numbers: there were 286,524 international visitors in 1998; there are 4.2 million international visitors in 2014 (of which more than 50 percent visited Angkor). INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] Cultural tourism in Cambodia has a high potential due to the country’s rich tangible and intangible heritage. There is a need for sustainability (Culture & Economic) and for setting up proper management plans and systems to ensure income generation for the national economy, job creation, visitor experience and cultural knowledge for visitors, mitigation of the impacts on the site and contribution to the conservation and promotion of heritage and culture. [slide] To this end the Heritage Management Plan was established on the 27th of December, 2013. A Tourism Management Plan (TMP) was set up to implement it. It is structured with a head, a deputy and several members and can consult the advisory board. [slide] For better understanding, the Tourism Management Plan was translated into Khmer and English. [slide] We carry out several communication activities, some internal, like here in July 2014 and at the national level by speaking or taking part in conferences such as that on the Ministry of Tourism stocktaking exercise in February 2014 or the Travel Agent association in April 2014 and the Tourist Guides Association in April 2014. On the international scene, we went to the Sophia University Regional Cultural Heritage meeting and to the international conference on Tourism and Heritage Protection in Myanmar and also visited JICA in Japan. [slide] Besides the above, we also collaborate with partners. We have established the APSARA–Private Sector Consultative Group on Tourism Development: APSARA is now an Affiliate Member of UNWTO, and the Angkor Sankranta 2015 was organised in cooperation with the Union of the Youth Federations of Cambodia. [slide] We are also aware of the need to carry out capacity building activities and thereby hire consultants for the Tourism Management Plan. They help us on site or here during the progress report and carrying capacity exercise. [slide] We were also delighted to welcome our first international trainee. We travelled to the tourism management learning programme in Guangxi, China and sent one of our members for an internship on cultural values and management of historic sites with the Ministry of Culture, Paris, France. [slide] We set up a pilot project for Angkor Thom. A map of the Angkor Thom site has been designed and other activities such as information panels, signboards, conservation and safeguarding the condition of structures have been implemented, and we have also monitored the behaviour of guides and APSARA National Authority Guards. We are also in the process of improving the current tour itinerary in Angkor Thom. [slide] What have we achieved until now in Angkor? We have developed a new tour itinerary for Ta Prohm Temple, revised the uniform and equipment for tourist guards and developed tourist guards’ floor plans for each temple. [slide] The next steps are: Regular tourism liaison meetings; implementation of the Angkor visitor code of conduct; increase capacity building; extension of the car park at Angkor Wat temple and creating a bicycle lane from Angkor Wat to and around the Bayon. [slide] I would now like to talk about cultural tourism within the APSARA National Authority. Since 1995, the APSARA National Authority has mainly focused its work on restoration, conservation and research. As a result, the temples have been prevented from collapsing, some temples have been restored, many artefacts have been found, inscriptions and carvings have been studied and knowledge and skills have been mutually improved and exchanged. [slide] The APSARA National Authority is now facing a new challenge: tourism. A first point regards the lack of balance in the APSARA National Authority human resources, which is mostly staffed with conservators – architects, archaeologists, and engineers – rather INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session than tourism-graduated officers. Also, the majority of the international projects have been more focused on the field of conservation and restoration, rather than tourism. [slide] To conclude, I would like to raise a few questions: how can conservation work and tourism development be better linked? How can capacity building in the tourism field be increased within the APSARA National Authority? Flow management: the need for more carrying capacity studies at Angkor. [slide] I thank you for your attention.” VI.2 Environment pollution in the Angkor Park, theme introduced by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen, [slide] I will present on the environmental pollution in the Angkor Park, using a presentation drafted by the APSARA National Authority in collaboration with Kanazawa University. Let’s start with some indicators for monitoring the environment in the Angkor region. First indicators measure the surface water by surveying the flow and the discharge (streams), the water level of moats, ponds, reservoirs, barays, streams and the water quality. For the groundwater, the water table needs to be surveyed and the quality checked. For the forest, a survey of the forest must be conducted along with an inventory of the landscape. For the weather: weather stations need to be used knowing that measuring air quality is vital, as air pollution is an environmental factor that can have important implications for tourism in the long term conservation of monuments. Air quality monitoring contributes to the use of the Risk Map for heritage management. [slide] Air pollution sampling: this map illustrates where we have located the sites for sampling air pollutants. There are mobile stations on this map, with number 1 at Angkor Wat, inside the temple. Number 2 is amid an urban environment on Route 6, beside the main road running through to the centre of town. Number 3 is in a suburban area, at the office of the Department of Water Management. The gas monitoring sites are located for A in Angkor Wat, at the parking in front of Angkor Wat. The second, B, is at the ticketing checkpoint before the monumental area (in zone II). The monitoring station is also there. [slide] These pictures present the mobile station. We also have the air quality monitoring station which I mentioned earlier. These stations allow for long-term monitoring of the air pollution at Angkor across a 10-kilometre radius. Data has been collected on components such as O3, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2 and MP2.5. Data analysis allows greater understanding of the degree of pollution. [slide] We have carried out surveys. This is the monthly change of total suspended particle concentration in Siem Reap and here the monthly change of PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) concentration in Siem Reap. [slide] I suggest several topics for discussion, such as: the effect on the conservation of monuments, the issue of traffic, waste material treatment, awareness of the local people, promoting international research teams and joining the global network of air pollution, and, for example, the establishment of a working group.” INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session A. Presentation by Professor Hans Leisen [OrigE] “Excellency Deputy Prime Minister Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, I was asked to prepare a short presentation on the influence of pollutants on the natural stone of the monuments. To do this in a short time is quite difficult, for it is a very complex matter, but I shall try to be brief. [slide] You all know the frightening condition of many of the reliefs in Angkor, especially at Angkor Wat. The dynamics of weathering can be very high, the decay can be very rapid due to an advanced stage of alteration, the detachment by contour scaling, as can be seen in these pictures. We have explained several times in our presentations during the ICC Technical Sessions, that in this case the deterioration is: [slide] 1. Caused by water and the composition of the stone, respectively the binder in the sandstone, the clay minerals and [slide] 2. by soluble salts originating from bat guano. Later, we will see more pictures from salt damages. The salt ions SO 4 2-, NO 3 - and PO 4 3- are typical for animal deposits in Angkor; however SO 4 2- ions can also be derived from the use of Portland cement during a former intervention. Salts can either damage by: A. crystallisation, developing pressure on the pore walls and B. by hydration of the salts, so the volume of the salts increases, in the system Thenardite Na 2 SO 4 – Mirabilite Na 2 SO 4 x10H 2 O around 315%. The pressure and volume enlargement leads to structural degradation. [slide] The situation in Europe is significantly different, especially in cities with dense traffic and industries. The heating of houses also plays an important role. Therefore, we have damage mainly due to pollution, with the formation of damaging salts. However, for a long time the relationship between pollution and the weathering of natural stones on monuments and sculptures was not fully accepted. [slide] Therefore, in the 1960’s, Siegbert Luckat started an experiment. He constructed a so-called Emission Rate Measuring device, IRMA, and affixed three of them to different monuments, where in the mid 19th century an identical sandstone material was used for construction: At the Cologne Cathedral with heavily damaged stones in a city with high pollution rates; the Ulm Minster with medium levels of damage and at Neuschwanstein Castle in a pure air region, where we could not observe any damage to the sandstone. [slide] The conclusion was that concentration of SO 2 and the formation of sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) corresponded to the damage. On the monuments with high emission loads we find gypsum and dangerous magnesium sulphate salts. The next two slides show the damaging effect of these salts. In the salt analysis of damaged monuments we find mainly SO 4 2-ions (Sulphate), little Nitrate anions, forming gypsum and epsomite – hexahydrate at the presence of magnesium, a quite different salt cocktail compared to that of Angkor. [slide] In general, we can divide the mechanisms of weathering into: chemical weathering, where we find all the mechanisms caused by pollutants; physical weathering with salt weathering, induced by different pollutants and biological weathering, which has a physical and a chemical influence on the stones. [slide] Hydrocarbons can cause an increased growth of microbiology. The risk factors for damage to the monuments in Angkor by air pollution are: the burning of rubbish, the INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session burning of wood, charcoal, fuel oil/diesel and traffic (car, bus and motorcycle emissions). [slide] Therefore, the recording of the concentration of the relevant pollutants is of eminent importance. But I would propose starting a programme for measuring specific damaging pollutants at the site with passive samplers: Different sandstone samples with different reactivity, to get more information on the deposition rates. Then we can calculate the absorption of pollutants as a function of the measured concentration. Therefore, we have to control the emission sources, the polluters and the immission and deposition onto the monuments. Thank you very much for your attention.” B. Presentation by Groupe Bolloré Presenter name not specified: [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, [slide] In Cambodia and especially in Angkor Wat, famous for its temples, 12 centuries of history are now threatened by pollution and the growing number of tourists. While the exceptional growth in the tourism sector has for years contributed to the upswing of the Cambodian economy and in particular that of the Siem Reap region, the number of tourists visiting the archaeological sites has now reached a critical threshold in terms of pollution and number of visits. With visitor numbers reaching four million this year, the Angkor Archaeological Park is rapidly reaching its full capacity. This situation has created three main issues: 1) Overcrowding of the temples, impacting on the specific atmosphere of the site, which the authorities in charge of conservation would like to preserve. 2) Traffic, as more vehicles enter the Park from and to Siem Reap. 3) Air pollution from the exhaust emitted by the vehicles, which result in acid rain which both destroy Angkor stone monuments and bas-reliefs and has become a public health issue. [slide] There is, therefore, a need to set out a new Tourism Management Plan (TMP) for the region and, as an appendix, a master plan for transportation development. This transportation development master plan will have to include the setting up of a fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) as it will not be possible to double the present numbers of polluting vehicles to ferry the forecasted additional three million visitors for 2020. In this perspective, the conservation authorities, including UNESCO and the International Coordinating Committee for the safeguarding and development of the historic site of Angkor (ICC) under the auspices of APSARA–responsible for researching, protecting and safeguarding the cultural heritage as well as for regional development and developing tourism in Siem Reap province–have defined three focal points for the new Tourism Management Plan of the Siem Reap region: • • • Increasing the measures to conserve and protect monuments in order to reduce the damage caused by the growing number of visitors. Reducing the pollution generated by the growing number of vehicles moving through the Angkor Archaeological Park each day. Increasing the quality and the duration of the stay of tourists by diversifying tours of the temples and the activities proposed in the Angkor Archaeological Park and in Siem Reap, in order to generate more profit and regulate the flow of visitors. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session In order to achieve a more sustainable and ecological management of the Angkor World Heritage Site, in 2013 APSARA created the TMP working group to implement the Tourism Management Plan (TMP), which consists of national and international experts. One of the priority actions of the Tourism Management Plan–in collaboration with UNESCO and with support from the Australian government-is to improve the flow of tourists in Angkor in such a way that minimises their impact while ensuring a great visiting experience. APSARA has also recently established an expert group to systematically collect social and scientific data concerning emissions and pollution as well as their impact in order to prepare measured and effective responses to mitigate any damaging effects. Responses under consideration are: • • • Upgrading of the weather stations in order to provide more accurate data on pollution levels, in particular the acidity of the rainwater. Initiating recycling programmes which would involve the education and motivation of the local community, so as to not only make Angkor greener, but to explore the generation of income at various levels. Exploring the option of modernisation of the tourist transportation system with a broad choice of more ecologically friendly solutions, which will actively maintain the involvement of the local people who are already involved in the transportation field. [slide] As part of its mission, the APSARA, in association with the concerned ministries, exercises a common control over the institutions managing the Angkor site and the development of the Siem Reap region. In this respect, and taking into account the three focal points of the new Tourism Management Plan, the APSARA has defined the solutions it wishes to see implemented on the following points: • Greater protection for the monuments by setting up systems to manage and regulate the flow of visitors in the Angkor archaeological park. • Reduction of pollution by setting up a fleet of non-polluting electric vehicles to transport people within the Angkor Archaeological Park and the design of systems to collect, store and redistribute energy from renewable sources – solar, wind, hydraulic and dynamic power. Thereby, the APSARA National Authority invited the Japanese JDI group and the French Company BlueSolutions (Bolloré Group) to the ICC conference of the 5th of December 2013, to bid for the potential electric vehicle solutions that may solve the transportation issues in Angkor and to submit their proposals to the ICC conference for approval. [slide] ‘Bolloré Group proposes not only to make its competences available to Cambodia, but also to promote Angkor as the flagship in Asia and China in particular, for smart technologies and non-polluting renewable energies.’ Vincent Bolloré (response to the invitation of H.E. Doctor Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia). Mr Bolloré has made a proposal, an action plan that will roll over three steps, in three years. Phase 1: To build a 100% solar-powered Electric Vehicles (EVs) station to display Bolloré’s existing technologies, such as electric cars, buses and power storage and to present these technologies to the ICC experts, APSARA and other Angkor watchdog authorities. Phase 2: Launch of a pilot project during the ICC international conference in December of 2014. Phase 3: Set up a fleet of EVs connected to the smart grid to provide tools to regulate the flow of tourists in the park. [slide] Here some of the vehicles we presented at the last ICC. Let’s now move to the different phases. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session [slide] Phase 1 : A Show-room of BlueSolution’s existing smart technologies: In order to protect this World Heritage Site, a BlueSolutions Electric Vehicles station, consisting of a solar farm of 360m² connected to a BlueStorage of 180 Kwh, set the example every day. For the first time in Asia, while enhancing the strength of an abundant and free resource – solar energy – our solutions enable BlueCar and BlueBus to circulate, as well as various stationary applications. [slide] The Angkor Electric Vehicle Station: It covers 6,000m² of APSARA land in the Special Touristic Economic Zone (60 x 100m) and is located 200 metres north of the new Visitor Centre, on the road to the temples. The land has been planned as the EVs station of Angkor since 2003. There is also a showroom of BlueSolutions technologies and energy transition. [slide] This is all powered by what we call the Blue zone. It is 100% autonomous and powered by renewable energies. We plan a 360m² solar farm: installing sun powered solar panels (of the best quality in the world), 6 groups, 10° inclination, 100% aligned East-West for a maximum production of almost 400kWh. One BlueStorage: A 180 kWh storage capacity which supplies the whole station with electricity 24 hours a day. It charges the EVs and does not impact on the local EDC network power current draw. Finally the excess of production (concept still under development) is redistributed to villages. [slide] The Bluecars and Bluebuses: 3 BlueCars: a convertible version of the BlueCar (prototype) which is powered by a 30 kWh LMP battery, with a 100% recyclable light aluminium body ensuring the BlueCar a minimum weight (1 ton) and maximum acceleration. Good engine performances in tropical/hot climate and increased autonomy, 300 kilometres instead of 250 kilometres in France, due to hot weather and flat terrain. Two BlueBuses: Powered by 3 batteries delivering 90 kWh, increased autonomy, around 200 kilometres instead of 120 kilometres in France, due to hot weather and flat terrain. [slide] We would like to act as a social model and be Blue Ambassadors by creating new jobs and opportunities for Khmer people: drivers, technicians in maintenance, mechanics & repairers, engineers & electro-technicians and managers. We want to set an example: good salary and bonus practice, fixed salary throughout the year, more holidays than legal obligations, health insurance and driving license offered, English and computer training, internal promotion and, finally, defining a social model for tuk-tuk drivers. [slide] Phase II is the pilot project. [slide] There are 20 EVS pilot projects to test operational modus operandi. As Phase 1 has been a success with both local and international guests visiting our station showroom, and as Cambodian authorities are satisfied, the Bolloré group now wishes to implement Phase 2 – a pilot project with 20 EVs – to test in real conditions the feasibility of the development of a fleet of EVs in the Angkor Archaeological Park. In order to do so, the Bolloré group will present to the ICC international conference in December 2014, the BlueSummer electric car–the new Bolloré electric car which design is perfectly adapted to visit Angkor–and will announce its intention to operate for a one-year period 20 BlueSummers to test and validate operational assumptions. At the end of this one-year test period, once assumptions have been validated and Phase 2 is a success, the Bolloré group will submit a proposal during the ICC conference in December 2015 for Phase 3, to launch a fleet of 60 BlueSummers. [slide] The 20 BlueSummer cars: Convertible (with windows), Buggy-like design perfectly adapted to visit Angkor, 20 vehicles with driver, a driving range of 250-300 kilometres and a 30 Kwh LMP battery. For this pilot project, BlueSummer EVs, in limited numbers, can only be used as individual vehicles. On demand service: BlueSummer EVs will be rented per day to visitors that wish to be independent during their visit or customise INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session their trip. Driven by ex-tuk-tuk drivers as a part of the Bolloré social model, BlueSummer will allow visitors to experience the temples at their pace, without noise and in an ecofriendly fashion. [slide] For the past two years, we have been closely collaborating with the APSARA, the Tourism Management Plan (TMP) and JDI, with a dual objective: - To provide the necessary studies and surveys in order to hand over to the participants of the ICC the missing recommendations and tools so that they can understand and evaluate the ‘electric projects’ that will be submitted to them. - To provide a study which will define the ‘electric projects’ framework: The guidelines, spirit and ethic of the electric solutions that should be implemented for the protection of Angkor and to support tourism development. The regulations that the APSARA National Authority and the government need to enact in order to see to a smooth rolling out of the ‘electric project’ activities and to secure investments. The criteria allowing access to this electric market. These studies will not only enable the expert group to provide the ICC members with the necessary recommendations and tools to assess the ‘electric projects’ but also the legal, financial and fiscal framework which will apply to any future projects. We want Angkor electric to be a model for conservation. In this prospect, even if the study is not finished yet, I would now like to propose five criteria to evaluate all existing and future electric projects for Angkor: a social model for tuk-tuks, taxis and buses; an energy model that requires partial renewable energy, to limit the demand on the local power grid and Cambodia’s energy dependence; a technical model that requires an energy storage, to avoid power current draw during EVs charging that could damage the local EDC power grid; a sustainable technological model, whereby EVs and batteries must have a long life expectancy (which can be measured in cycles or kilometres); a recycling model for EVs and particularly batteries, to avoid turning Siem Reap into a dump for ultra-polluting batteries. [slide] I thank you for your attention.” VII- POINTS OF INFORMATION VII.1 Report on the 38th Session of the World Heritage Committee, by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary No supporting document available INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session VII.2 Announcement about the UNWTO-UNESCO Conference in Cambodia, by His Excellency Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism [OrigE] “Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen, This is a brief report on the World Conference on Tourism and Culture 2015, organised in Siem Reap in February of 2015. [slide] It is co-organised by the World Tourism Organisation, UNESCO and the Royal Government of Cambodia through its Tourism and Culture and Fine Arts ministries. [slide] The objectives are to identify key opportunities and obstacles for a stronger cooperation between tourism and culture; to discuss new partnership models and identify policy recommendations for cross-sectoral engagement. [slide] The following institutions or organisations are welcomed to attend and send representatives: Ministers of Tourism, Ministers of Culture, National Tourism Organisations (NTOS), destination management organisations, cultural and heritage managers, tourism and culture associations, private sectors, culture and conservation experts and practitioners, NGOs and media. [slide] The agenda of the conference is structured with two main blocks: a ministerial dialogue and four technical sessions: 1. Promoting and safeguarding culture, 2. Living cultures and creative industries, 3. Linking people and fostering development through cultural routes, 4. Cultural tourism and urban regeneration. [slide] The Conference will focus on some key crosscutting issues: governance models, stakeholder participation, community engagement and sustainable development, capacitybuilding, quality of the visitor experience, innovation and technology, corporate social responsibility and the ethics of sustainable tourism and finally public awareness, interpretation and visitor roles in promoting and protecting cultural values and heritage. [slide] 4 th The conference will be held at the Meriden Angkor Hotel in Siem Reap from the to the 6th of February, 2015. [slide] This is the daily programme. On the 4th, the opening ceremony, followed by a welcome gala dinner and a cultural performance. The conference ends on the 5th of February and on the 6th of February technical tours are organised. [slide] The opening ceremony on the 4th of February, 2015, will be presided over by Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia. [slide] The closing ceremony will be on the 5th of February and presided over by H.E Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister in charge of the Office of Council of Ministers, and Chairman of the Inter-Ministerial Organising Committee for WCTC 2015. [slide] The farewell dinner organised on the 5th of February has yet to be confirmed in terms of venue. [slide] The conference has organised pre-conference tours for the 3rd of February, with three options: Angkor Wat, sunset at Phnom Bakheng and the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve. [slide] There will also be technical visits on the 6th of February, with this time six options to choose from: Sunrise at Angkor Wat, Tonle Sap Biosphere reserve, a temple tour, Sambor Prei Kuk temple and Preah Vihear temple. [slide] There is also a family programme on the 4th of February to experience Khmer life and relaxation or to see Angkor INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Wat from the sky. On the 5th of February the same programme will propose either to make your own Khmer lunch and handicrafts or the circus at sunset at the Bakheng temple. [slide] This is a list of the delegates that have been invited for their attendance knowing that UNWTO includes 156 countries as member States and UNESCO 195 countries as member States. [slide] Personal invitations, signed by H.E Dr. Taleb Rifai, Secretary General of UNWTO and H.E Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism of Cambodia, have also been sent out to ministers of Tourism and other VIP Delegates. [slide] The delegates can also register online through the website of the conference until the 5th of February 2015. [slide] Several hotels have been selected for the conference in different categories. [slide] Airport reception and transfers are also planned. [slide] The working languages and papers will be the following. For material prepared for the conference, these are translated into English and French and simultaneous translation during the conference will be provided in five languages (English, French, Spanish, Russian and Khmer). [slide] I thank you for your attention.” VII.3 The Nginn Karet Foundation for Cambodia and its action in Siem ReapAngkor, by a representative of the Foundation No supporting document available VII.4 Recent publications No supporting document available VII.5 Calendar No supporting document available VIII- ICC RECOMMENDATIONS VIII.1 Adoption of the recommendations examined by the last technical session and proposed with favourable opinion (recommendations finalised and distributed in advance) No supporting document available INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session VIII.2 Presentation of the 21st ICC-Angkor Plenary session recommendations by the ICC-Angkor Secretary ICC–ANGKOR RECOMMENDATIONS (21st Plenary Session Meeting December 4, 2014) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSERVATION GENERAL RECOMMENDATION The ICC-Angkor recalls its previous recommendations regarding ARCHAEOLOGY and recommends that the Departments of the APSARA National Authority necessarily include, in their field programmes, a component of rescue/preventive archaeological investigation prior to the works systematically comprising a diagnosis phase and, based on the results presented in the operation report, possible extensive excavations of the archaeological remains threatened by the works. SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ICC–Angkor recommends: 1. Risk Map – Angkor Thom wall (APSARA) a. The realisation of a Map of Priorities that take into consideration the intrinsic value of the building. b. To undertake deep investigation and structural analysis to increase the reliability of the Risk Map c. To extend the approach of the Risk Map to the whole site of Angkor d. The importance of associating ancient and modern techniques of conservation, if necessary, taking into account the overall aesthetic integration of the different elements. e. The necessity of carefully monitoring the structural intervention in order to ensure the quality of the works. f. To forbid the passage of vehicles on the wall, in order to safeguard the structure. 2. Ta Prohm (ASI) INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session a. To undertake a survey of the vegetation, in order to propose, when necessary, a proper propping for the trees. b. To prepare a project proposal in order to relocate, if possible, the two small Buddha statues in the Hall of Dancers. c. To use, preferably, stainless pins and bars, if the case pre-stressed, to anchor and connect different stones. It is also recommended to hide the heads of the bars. d. To follow up the implementation of the drainage system. In this framework, it is strongly recommended to carefully monitor the efficiency of the system during the rainy season to avoid any negative side effects to the foundations. e. To pay attention to the reconstruction with the use of old and new stones. To establish a criterion to follow on this kind of work is important, because the contemporary use of old and new stones is frequent. The reconstruction of the vault on the north side of the Hall of Dancers provides a positive example. f. Before deciding what work will be undertaken or not on the southern galleries of the Hall of Dancers, today still existing as an archaeological ruin, further analytical thinking appears necessary in order to propose an overall strategy for the conservation of the temple as a whole. Hence, the ad hoc experts emphasised the need to broaden the debate at the next technical session of the ICC, in order to see more clearly the doctrinal principles that should provide a basis for future interventions on the monument as well as the final goals contemplated, in the long run, for its restoration. 3. Banteay Samre (APSARA) a. Subscribes with the principle of having certain roads by-pass places where their rights-of-way go through barays and strongly suggest that a major by-pass road be put in that goes around the world heritage site and thus eliminates traffic congestion in the city and facilitates the control of traffic flows. b. For the implementation of these different roads, it is recommended to carefully schedule the work and undertake upstream rescue/preventive archaeology research comprising a phase of systematic diagnosis followed by a report and, based on the results, possibly undertake extensive archaeological excavations of the remains threatened with destruction. These prior interventions must be considered as mandatory before any work is undertaken, especially along the edges of the Eastern Baray and Lolei Baray. c. In conclusion, the ad hoc group of experts stresses the benefits that such projects can have for the monuments in the zone concerned, such as in terms of visibility and ease of access to the Pre Rup temple or, by enabling the current INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session northern side access to the Banteay Samre temple to be redirected, in the direction of its original access along its main east-west axis. 4. Banteay Srei (APSARA) The ad hoc experts recommend the following actions: a. The undertaking of a complete topographic survey in order to have a better definition of the original limits of the archaeological site. b. Analysis of the health condition of the different trees in the perimeter of the temple and evaluate the potential risks for the conservation of the monument. c. Dealing immediately with the water stagnation problems in the east causeway along with carrying out an expanded archaeological survey prior to putting in any such drainage system. d. Closing the east entrance of the site, having tourist flows move toward the two side gates, and thus properly safeguarding the inscriptions on the east gate doorframes. e. The ad hoc experts raise serious questions about the state of conservation of the sandstone surfaces, now covered by a black biofilm that can cause deterioration of this material. For this reason, it is recommended that a proper analysis programme be undertaken, along with tests to clean away this biofilm, prior to any wider application as an overall treatment. f. That the archaeological team of APSARA, together with the conservation team, present, as soon as possible, a proposal for a secured building where these objects could be subject to a scientific inventory, properly stored and protected from any further damage. g. To identify and store all the objects still partially buried around the site that are actually at serious risk. h. The realisation of storage that should take into account the zoning specified in the World Heritage Nomination dossier, considering the possibility to use the free spaces in the area already housing the tourist facilities. i. To destroy the present wooden building, which is in a very bad condition and close to collapse, on the south side of the monument, and to provisionally store the objects in APSARA facilities. j. To definitively close the old National Road, for example at the level of the river, in order to avoid any perturbation, due to the unauthorized passage of vehicles. 5. Western embankment of Angkor Wat moat (IGeS) INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session a. To extend the project for at least one year in order to properly complete the present intervention. b. To realise the operation of compacting and installation of the laterite blocks during the dry season as was successfully done in the first part of the embankment. c. To guarantee the proper purchase of equipment, especially geotextiles, that is necessary in order to complete the process of reconstruction of this part of the embankment. 6. Srah Srang (APSARA) a. To pursue the works in line with the methodology adopted up to now and to present the successful result of the project to the next ICC meeting. 7. Lolei (APSARA / GACP) a. To implement the recommendations made by the ad hoc experts’ group in 2011. b. To reinforce the heavy lintel and relating brick wall in situ, in order to avoid the risk and difficulty of removal of the cracked lintel and the fragile brick structure. c. Not to dismantle the concrete support made by the EFEO, as it is still effective for the structural stability of the façade, and is evidence of the history of intervention. d. To restore the damaged column, appropriately restraining its decoration in order to easily distinguish the new addition from the original column. 8. Bakong (APSARA / GACP) a. To implement the recommendations made by the ad hoc experts’ group in 2011. b. To harmonise the previous restoration, made by new weaker bricks, in order to plan an intervention that can guarantee the necessary strength to the brick wall behind and above the lintel. c. To realise a proper archaeological inventory of the several architectural elements scattered within the surroundings of the site. To undertake laboratory analysis and mechanical tests on the material in order to assess the structural efficiency of the structure composed of ancient and new bricks. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS Recommends an actual and efficient coordination in the departments of the APSARA National Authority in order to enable trans-departmental projects to be efficiently implemented. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The ICC recommends: - that this project be taken on board officially; and - that, in cooperation with the Department of Works of the City of Siem Reap, the APSARA National Authority complete the necessary upstream studies and prepare a file to be submitted to seek funding. TA PROHM: ACCESS AREA The Group of Experts regrets that the recommendation of the 22nd Technical Committee has not been implemented with regard to reducing congestion at Ta Prohm and with regard to the procedures for the submission of projects prior to their implementation. The Group of Experts reiterates the recommendation of the 22nd Technical Committee and stresses the necessity for better coordination amongst the departments of the APSARA National Authority in order to develop a comprehensive plan including all the gates and the internal visit circuit, existing or to be created, at Ta Prohm. ANGKOR WAT PARVIS Recommends the stoppage of works until a proper and functioning coordination system is established within the APSARA National Authority and until technical details of the project (including total surface, use of space, building surface and functions, etc.) of the project are submitted to the ICC ad hoc experts through the Secretariat. NEW ZEALAND COMMUNITY PROJECT Appreciates the quality and the fairness of the report on Phase II as well as the work which has been carried on in collaboration with the local communities. Strongly recommends keeping the same spirit and approach for the third phase, i. e. the focus on strengthening the Community Liaison Team (CLT) which is at the core of the collaborative project between the APSARA National Authority and the local comINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session munities, thus enhancing a positive and respectful working relationship and respecting an appropriate time span. KAMPONG PHLUK Because the village of Kampong Phluk is noted for a unique ecosystem and its cultural uniqueness, and both are very sensitive and easily threatened, the group of experts recommends that careful exploitation of ecosystems such as dense forests must be carried out when the local community makes a plan to touch it up. The group also advises that adequate discussion and mutual agreements between all community members should be made before the exploitation. Considering the touristic project, whether a private company or the local community manages the organisation, those in charge of it have to urgently address the state of the road as well as the depth of the canal. A road in bad condition, which is both muddy and slippery, and a canal which depth doesn't allow the fair circulation of boats, could seriously threaten the attractiveness of the area for tourists. TOURISM MANAGEMENT PLAN Congratulates the TMP Unit for the scope and diversity of the works undertaken as well as for the quality of the reflection it has been conducting. Recommends the implementation of the first actions (especially the behavioural code) in order to be able to make an evaluation at the next session. Recommends, for the implementation of the TMP, an objectives-based approach necessarily including a strong coordination with all concerned Departments. SPECIAL RECOMMENDATION SIEM REAP CITY CENTRE The ICC-Angkor welcomes the project to establish a pedestrian space within the area of the large park located in front of the Royal Residence. An initial advantage of the project is that it rules out the recently contemplated plan of having a main highway go through this zone as an extension of the existing Highway No. 6 allowance. Most importantly, it will provide within Zone 3 of the Angkor Park (Siem Reap) a focus in Siem Reap, not far from the historical Old Market neighbourhood. VIII.3 Adoption of the recommendations by the ICC-Angkor INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session No supporting document available IX- CLOSING SESSION IX.1 Closing statement by the Representative of the UNESCO Director-General, Ms. Anne Lemaistre, UNESCO Representative in Cambodia “Your Excellency Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Sok An, Excellencies Ministers, Co-chairs, Excellency Mr. Kol Bunly, representative of His Majesty the King, Excellency Mr. Khim Bunsong, Governor of Siem Reap province, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear colleagues and friends, We are concluding a fascinating session. As you have noticed during today’s proceedings, the Secretariat, in collaboration with the APSARA National Authority and the international teams, has set up a more systematic monitoring of the recommendations. I would like to express my gratitude for their friendly collaboration and their attention to the implementation of the recommendations. We can already applaud several achievements, such as the progress made with regard to the road outline within the site and in the town centre of Siem Reap and the extension of the forested cover. The training centre inaugurated today by His Excellency Sok An is a concrete and quick answer to the debate on training that we held in June and also deserves our congratulations. To this end, UNESCO, which has been working extensively in this field, would dare recall the recommendation of our ICC from last June with regard to the necessary cooperation with the Ministries of Education, Tourism and Culture and Fine Arts for the official recognition of the training of heritage professionals. Another implemented recommendation has been that on the follow up of excavations in Koh Ker, thanks to a close collaboration between the APSARA National Authority and the EFEO. I would like to warmly thank the two teams for the recent discovery of the pedestals in the east gopura of Prasat Chen. UNESCO is encouraging Cambodian authorities to continue the diplomatic effort for the return of the missing pieces to the Kingdom of Cambodia in compliance with the provisions of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. Our exchanges this afternoon have embodied what will be at the focus of the great international conference to be held in Siem Reap on 4-6 February 2015, with regard to the topic on the relationship between culture and tourism. Isn’t Angkor the best example to illustrate this relationship, which is paradoxically constructive and destructive? As said by His Excellency Thong Khon this morning, this international conference is unprecedented as it brings together UNWTO (World Tourism Organisation) and UNESCO with generous support from the Kingdom of Cambodia, the host country. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session This ministerial dialogue will bring together ministers of tourism and culture from the four corners of the world and will look at politics and governance framework needed to facilitate a new collaborative model between tourism and culture. This model aims at supporting responsible, cultural, inclusive and sustainable tourism contributing to the socioeconomic development of the host communities; it also promotes intercultural exchanges and allows for the provision of sufficient resources to safeguard heritage. Listening to the number of interventions today that related to site development, this exchange of experience can only enrich our future endeavours. I would like once again to invite the ambassadors attending to foster their respective ministries and experts to register online before the 5th of January, 2015. A detailed report of the proceedings of this international conference will be presented during the June Technical Session. UNESCO, as Secretariat of the ICC, would like to thank all of those that made this session possible. First of all, His Excellency Sok An and the staff of the APSARA National Authority for the quality of their presentations, our two co-chairs, in particular His Excellency the French Ambassador, who chaired over its maiden session. As Professor Sahai told us when we visited Preah Vihear, you have been the masters of time (mahakala). This ICC could not do without Professor Beschaouch and the ad hoc group of experts’ enlightened comments; they have overseen the consistency of the works carried out in Angkor for many years, and we could not do without the diligence of the ICC Secretariat team and the skills of the interpreters. May I here express my gratitude to all of them. UNESCO would also like to thank the ambassadors for attending here in Siem Reap and for their unwavering support for the safeguarding and sustainable development of Angkor and also express its gratitude to all participants. We have lived unforgettable moments thanks to His Excellency Sok An, with the establishment of the Preah Vihear ICC, the younger sibling of our ICC. Both ICCs are unique places where scientific and technical issues on the safeguarding of heritage are discussed at the highest level. They are also international cooperation mechanisms facilitating mutual understanding, intercultural dialogue and, in fine, contributing to the promotion of sustainable peace. It is with this frame of mind and a renewed momentum triggered by the birth of a new ICC that a new decade is commencing. As Angkor is an authentic living site, I hope to meet some of you at this Sunday’s Angkor half-marathon. I thank you for your attention.” IX. 2 Closing speech by the French Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. JeanClaude Poimbœuf, French Ambassador to Cambodia “Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is the last segment of our proceedings and I would like to express my warmest gratitude to all of those who actively contributed to smooth proceeding of this 21st Plenary session of the ICC Angkor: namely the Royal Government of Cambodia and the APSARA National Authority for their generous hospitality, UNESCO for the technical secretariat, my Japanese Co-chair, Ambassador Kumamaru and of course all Cambodian and foreign experts from all corners of the world. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session As this was my maiden co-chairmanship, I would like to thank, foremost His Excellency Sok An, who welcomed me, and all who sent me their best wishes. May I underline that I have been very impressed by the scope taken by our ICC for the past 20 years. I was actually stationed at the French Embassy in Tokyo during the 1993 founding ICC conference and I can assess the ground covered and I am delighted with this success. I am fully aware of the challenges that must be faced to carry out a sustained and integrated management of the site, the main objective of this third decade of ICC. I am satisfied that this session gave sufficient time to presentations and discussions on the management of tourism and pollution. I have noted down what H.E. Sok An said, ‘The house is on fire’ and his wish to carry out an action programme. The decision to inscribe general interest topics on the agenda has also been very relevant. It was also important to take stock of the monitoring of the recommendations of the previous session and I thank professor Beschaouch for his forthright report. I would like this report to be taken upon by the relevant authorities. We have also been informed of and interested in the major on-going works and progress on the sites and of new discoveries. I congratulate the teams in charge for the quality of their work in the field and of their presentations during this session. Projects undertaken with local communities supported by Germany and New Zealand have highlighted how important it is for the population to be more engaged in the economic development of the region. The ICC was also rightly reminded of the risks that some badly-designed projects may bear on the site and its urban and rural environment. Actually, it is our responsibility to exert all our consideration for the prevention of any developments that cannot be undone, either on the forest cover or on the unfortunate planning of road networks. The concerns that have been expressed show that our endeavours must continue in order to see to the sustainable development of the site. Within this perspective, the training issue deserved the focus given, including capacity building at the APSARA National Authority. On this topic, I am delighted with the opening, early this afternoon, of the Angkor Training Centre, which scientific management has been entrusted to Professor Beschaouch. We also heard a presentation on the programme implemented by the École de Chaillot with the Heritage Training Centre. I can assure you that this programme will continue to benefit from the support of the French Ministry for Culture, as Mr. Bruno Favel confirmed to me; the latter you all know very well in this assembly, and he is sorry not to be among us today. We have adopted new recommendations. Heeding these afternoon presentations, I would like to emphasise the significance of those regarding sustainable development of the site, the priority, I recall, of the third decade of ICC. This is the end of a long day of proceedings, perhaps too dense, which leads me to conclude that the organisation of our proceedings is in need of rethinking to preserve the original vocation of this forum. We will have the opportunity to talk about this again. Once again, I would like to thank you for your active contribution and I am looking forward to seeing you all next year for our 22nd session.” ** Conclusion of the 21st ICC Plenary Session ** INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Participant list 21st Plenary Session of the ICC-Angkor Siem Reap–APSARA National Authority 4 December 2014 No. 1 Name AING Sovannroath Title Organization Deputy Director General Ministry of Tourism APSARA National Authority Email/Tel 2 AIM Chamroeun Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms 3 Alain Brun CEO Artisans d'Angkor 4 An Sokchea Dep. the Cultural Development of Museums and Patrimoniales Standards APSARA National Authority 5 André Dryansky Interpreter EnglishFrench UNESCO 6 ANG Sovannaroat Deputy Director General Ministry of Tourism 7 Anne LEMAISTRE UNESCO Representative in Cambodia UNESCO Phnom Penh a.lemaistre@unesc o.org 8 Azedine BESCHAOUCH ICC Scientific Secretary UNESCO [email protected] om 9 BAEK Kyunghwan Architect Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation 10 BAN Chandararith Reporter Reaksmey Kampuchea 11 Bernard HUBERT Ad hoc expert for Development UNESCO 12 Bertrand PORTE Archaeologist EFEO bertrandporte@yahoo. fr 13 Blaise KILIAN ICC Secretariat UNESCO Phnom Penh [email protected] g 14 BUN Limheng Sous-secrétaire d’Etat, Présidence du Conseil des Ministres Council of Ministers 15 BUN Narith Director General APSARA National Authority 16 BY Sopheap Public Order & Cooperation Dept. APSARA National Authority 012 440 282 [email protected] m puch_002@yaho o.com INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 17 Cardinal HERVÉ Directeur technique Adjoint SIAVB 18 Carini BERNARD Directeur technique SIAVB 19 CHAN Ponloeu Community Action Group APSARA National Authority 20 CHAN Tani Secretary of State Council of Ministers 21 CHAN Vathana Department Director APSARA National Authority 22 Charles Bickford Vice President FOKCI 23 CHAU SUN Kérya ICC Secretariat APSARA Authority 24 CHEA Minea Dep. Tourism Development APSARA National Authority 25 CHEA Pov Directeur du Département de l’Audit interne Council of Ministers 26 CHEA Sopheak, Cameraman Council of Ministers 27 CHEAP Sotharoath Conseiller auprès de la Présidence du Conseil des Ministres Council of Ministers 28 CHENG Hongbo Director of the Political Section Embassy of China 29 CHHAY Loeurn 30 CHHAY Rachna 31 CHHEAN Ratha Directeur de Département par intérim APSARA National Authority 32 CHHEURM Srey Vattanak Dp. Cultural Development, Museums & Heritage Norms Embassy of China 33 CHHIEU Nam Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 34 CHHIV Yiseang Interpreter FrenchKhmer APSARA Authority 35 CHHONG Vira Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 36 CHHOR Thanat Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority 37 CHHORN Sopheap Under Secretary of State Ministry of Finance Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie [email protected] [email protected] om.kh cheng_hongbo@ mfa.gov.cn Council of Ministers APSARA National Authority 098 572 077 yiseangch@yaho o.com INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 38 CHHUON Samedi 39 CHOU Radina Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA National Authority 40 Christophe POTTIER Archaeologist EFEO christophe.pottier@ef eo.net 41 CHRUN Sophal Department Director APSARA National Authority 067 678 888 42 CHUCH Phoeurn President National Authority for Preah Vihear chuch_phoeun@ya hoo.com 43 CHUK Chumno Department Director Minsitry of Tourism 44 CHUK Chumnor Director of Department Ministry of Tourism 45 Clement PIERRE President AAA 46 D.S. Sood Team Leader ASI Siem Reap dssood2006@gm ail.com 47 Daniela Dempf First Secretary and Deputy Head of Mission Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany [email protected] tiges-amt.de 48 Daniela FUGANTI 49 David RORKE Interpreter EnglishFrench UNESCO emikostock@yahoo .com 50 DENG Sambath Department of Administration APSARA National Authority 016 853 383 51 DEP Sothon Dep. Tourism Development APSARA National Authority 52 Dinesh K. Patnaik Ambassador Embassy of India 53 Dmitry Tsvetkov Ambassador Embassy of Russian Federation 54 Dominique ROBLIN Vice Président Conseiller général SIAAP 55 DUONG Sreyta 56 DUPUY jean jacques Secrétaire Général AAA 57 EA Darith Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority EK Tha Directeur Adjoint du Département de Presse et de Réaction immédiate Council of Ministers 58 ACHA APSARA National Authority National Committee for World Heritage 092 975 759 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 59 EM Srey Peou Mekong- Ganga Museum of Traditional Asian Textiles APSARA National Authority 60 Emmeline Decker Conservation Scientist Dipl.-Rest GACP 61 Eric BOURDONNEAU Archaeologist EFEO eric.bourdonneau@efeo .net 62 Faisal Ahmed IMF Resident Representative in Cambodia IMF [email protected] g 63 FAN Min 64 Florence EVIN 65 Francine D'ORGEVAL 66 Georgina Lloyd Engineer Journal Le Monde CSA APSARA National Authority Ministère des Affaires étrangères Senior faculty School for Field Studies (SFS) glloyd@fieldstudies .org 67 Ginevra BOTTO Project Manager World Monuments Fund [email protected] 68 Giorgio CROCI Ad hoc Expert for conservation UNESCO [email protected] om 69 HAN Ritha Expert Nara Institute 70 HANG Peou Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority hangpeou@yaho o.com 71 Hans LEISEN Project Director GACP [email protected] 72 Heigo NAKAFUSA Multilateral Cultural Cooperation Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs 73 Helen Ibbitson Jessup President FOKCI [email protected] 74 Helene JARVIS Advisor Council of Ministers [email protected] 75 HEM Sinath Department Director National Authority for Preah Vihear 76 HENG Bunly Cameraman Council of Ministers 77 HENG Jeudi Dep. Technical Support and Projects APSARA National Authority 78 HENG Kim Leng Department Director APSARA National Authority HENG Layhong Dep. of Aménag . Planning and Management of Habitat Park APSARA National Authority 79 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 80 HENG Sophdy Deputy Director of Department Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts 81 Hiroshi Sugiyama Archaeologist Nara Institute 82 HOK Peng Sè Department Director APSARA National Authority Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie Secrétaire Général Adjoint du Gouvernement 012 323 997 APSARA National Authority 83 HONG Kolap 84 HOR Nam Bora 85 HOR Ritheanou Office Director General APSARA National Authority 86 HOU Nolamony Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie APSARA National Authority 87 HOU weidong Chief engineer CSA 88 Hun BUNWAT National Project Coordinator World Monuments Fund 89 HUY Bouy Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms APSARA National Authority 012 52 02 88 90 HY Vireak Under Sceretary of State Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts heivireak@hotmail. com 91 IM Manith Cameraman Council of Ministers 92 IM Sithol Scretary of State Council of Ministers 93 IM Sokrithy Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 94 IN Someth Representative Ministry of Finance 95 IN Sovann Dep. the External Sites Conservation of Angkor Park APSARA National Authority 96 Ishimura TOMO Archaeologist Nara Institute 97 Jacques GAUCHER Archaeologist EFEO 98 Jady SMITH ACHA 99 Jaganniwas Niranjan ASI 100 Jay Ratman Public Affairs Officer [email protected] 012 943 202 [email protected] p jady.smith@livelea rn.org US Embassy INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 101 Jean Baptiste CHEVANCE Program Manager ADF 102 Jean-Claude POIMBŒUF Ambassadeur Ambassade de France 103 Jean-François CAUTAIN Ambassador European Union 104 Jean-Marie FURT Ad hoc Expert for Development UNESCO 105 Jean-Paul Jacob ancien président INRAP 106 Joly THOMAS Président, Maire de Verrières le Buisson, Conseiller général SIAVB 107 Karina Orus-ool Attache of the Embassy Embassy of Russian Federation [email protected] 108 Károly Belényesy Deputy Director of HSARI HUNINCO [email protected] om 109 KEAN Chenda Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms HUNINCO 110 KEAV Bunthoeun Architect EFEO 111 KEM REATH Viseth Conseiller et Directeur du Cabinet du VPM SOK An Council of Ministers 112 Kenichiro HIDAKA Ad hoc Expert for conservation UNESCO 113 KET Sophan Permanent Delegation to UNESCO Council of Ministers 114 KET Sophann 115 KHEAM Mony 116 KHEM Sameth Cameraman Council of Ministers 117 KHIEU Chan Dep. Communication APSARA National Authority 118 KHIM Bunsong Governor Siem Reap Province 119 KHOUR Hout Eang Department Director National Authority for Preah Vihear 120 KHOY Kim Tour Advisor to President APSARA National Authority 121 KHUON Khun Neay Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority Ambassadeur du Cambodge auprès de l’UNESCO Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] .jp Council of Ministers APSARA National Authority kaqc2004@yahoo. com INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 122 KHUT Vuthyneath International Centre for Research and Documentation of Angkor 123 KIM Samnang Dep. Technical Support and Projects APSARA National Authority 124 KOL Bunly Under Sceretary of State Ministry of the Royal Palace 125 KONG Puthyka Director of Tourism Department National Authority for Preah Vihear 126 KOU Vet Archaeological chief JASA 127 Krisna Uk Director Center for Khmer Studies 128 LAO Kim Leang Professor Sophia University 129 Léa CHAMBONCEL Chargée de mission coopération universitaire Ambassade de France 130 LEGRAND françois Vice-president AAA 131 LIM Kannitha Archaeologist EFEO 132 LIM Ourk Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 012 267 707 133 Lisa ACKERMAN Project Director World Monuments Fund [email protected] 134 LIU Jianhui Engineer CSA 135 LOEU Channora Dep. the External Sites Conservation of Angkor Park APSARA National Authority 136 LONG Kosal Deputy Director General National Authority for Preah Vihear 137 LONG Nary Staff GIZ/SCU 138 Louis LABLAUDE 139 Louis LABLAUDE APSARA National Authority [email protected] om [email protected]. jp francois.legrand@cegetel .net kosal_long9@yaho o.com APSARA National Authority Observer INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 140 LOUK Sokleng Dep. Tourism Development APSARA National Authority 141 LUY Sophors Site Manager GACP 142 LY Vanna Department Director APSARA National Authority 143 MAK Renita Cameraman TVB 144 MAM Vannrath Chargée de mission APSARA National Authority 145 MAO Bunneang Interpreter FrenchKhmer APSARA Authority 146 MAO Loâ Chargée de mission APSARA National Authority 147 MAO Sokny Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie APSARA National Authority 148 MAO Vibol Conseiller du VPM Sok An Council of Ministers 149 Maric Beaufeist EFEO 150 Martin POLKINGHORNE University of Sydney 151 Masako MARUI Assiciate Professor Sophia University 152 MEAS KET David Permanent Delegation to UNESCO Council of Ministers 153 MEN Sodany Membre mission du partrimoine Heritage Mission 154 MENG Vanny Department of Administration APSARA National Authority 155 MEY Kosal Project Focal Point UNESCO Phnom Penh [email protected] 156 MEY Marady Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority [email protected] m 157 Michele ROMANO UN Fellowship UNESCO Phnom Penh m.romano@unes co.org 158 Mireille GRUBERT Directrice de l’Ecole Ëcole de Chailot 159 Mitsumasa Ishizuka Assistant to Director JASA [email protected] vibol.m9@gmail. com [email protected] mtms0709@gamil. com INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 160 Mlle Linh Anh Moreau Documentaliste SEAMEO SPAFA 161 MOA Visoth Governor Pourk District 162 MOAN Phanit Dep. Water Management APSARA National Authority 163 MOK Kunthy Department of Administration APSARA National Authority 164 MOM Rady Représentant des Etats-Unis d’Amérique APSARA National Authority 165 MOM Saran Office Director General APSARA National Authority 166 MOT Lina Dép. de l’Administration, du Personnel et du Matériel APSARA National Authority 167 Mounir BOUCHENAKI Ad hoc Expert for conservation UNESCO 168 MUONG Sowath Advisor Cambodian National Commission for UNESCO 169 Nao OTSUKA Research Adviser Embassy of Japan nao.otsuka@mofa. go.jp 170 Natacha PAKKER Directrice des Etudes École de Chaillot [email protected] 171 Natarajan Ishwaran Professor HIST [email protected] 172 NEANG Soryda Deputy Director of Department Council of Ministers 173 NEB Samuth Director General Ministry of Tourism 174 NEB Samuth Director General Ministry Tourism 175 NEOU Chariya Dep. Agricultural and Community Development APSARA National Authority 176 NGETH Sothy Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 092 627 776 177 NGOV Seng Kak Director Department of Tourism, Siem Reap Province 012 509 008 178 NHEM Reaksmey Dep. Water Management APSARA National Authority 179 NIN Chansamean Department Director APSARA National Authority 092 332 066 mounir.bouchenaki@gm ail.com 012 981 556 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 180 Noel Hidalgo Tan Expert en Archéologie SEAMEO SPAFA 181 NOU Phalla Président du Conseil Provincial Siem Reap Province 182 NOURN Ninsophat Cameraman TV9 183 NUON Krisna Director Department of Water Reservoir & Meteorology 184 OEUM Samonn Community Action Group APSARA National Authority 185 Olivier Cunnin Archaeologist EFEO 186 OM Chandara Department Director Council of Ministers 187 OUM Marady Directrice Adjoint de Département APSARA National Authority 188 OUM Marady Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms APSARA National Authority 078 336 639 189 OUNG Roth National Committee for World Heritage ung.roth@hayho o.com 190 PARK Soonyoung Archaeologist Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation 191 PHANN Nady Deputy Director General for Heritage Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts 192 PHAY Siphan Secretary of State Council of Ministers 193 PHENG Sam Oeurn Department Director National Authority for Preah Vihear 194 Philippe DELANGHE Culture Programme Specialist UNESCO Phnom Penh 195 Pho Sochivy 196 PHOAN Phalla Deputy Director APSARA National Authority 197 PHOEURN Sokhim Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA National Authority 198 PHOEURNG Sackona Minister Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts [email protected] p.delanghe@unesc o.org Heritage Mission INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session National Committee for World Heritage 199 PHOK Chankrisna 200 PHOU Sam At Governor Bakong District 201 PHOUY Saveut Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms APSARA National Authority 202 PHUONG Sopheak Group Tourism Management Plan APSARA National Authority 203 Pierre BÂTY Archaeologist INRAP pierre.baty@inra p.fr 204 Pierre-André LABLAUDE Ad hoc Expert for conservation UNESCO lablaude.administratio [email protected] 205 Pongdhan SAMPAONGERN Head of Sri Thep Historical Park Ministry of Culture 206 Pornthum THUMWIMOL Landscape Architect Ministry of Culture Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie Dep. Forest Management, Cultural Landscapes and Environmen APSARA National Authority 207 POT Visoth 208 POV Sinith 209 PRAK Chandara Cameraman TV Hang Meas 210 PRAK Phannara Membre du Secrétariat de Samdech Premier Ministre Council of Ministers [email protected] 211 PRAK Sonnara Director General for Heritage Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts prak_sonnara@yahoo .com 212 Pratak SIKKHAMONTON Minister Counsellor, Royal Thai Embassy prataks@hotmail .com 213 Prey Sovann GIS Specialist ADF 214 PRIM Vireak Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 215 PROM Chak ICC Secretariat UNESCO Phnom Penh 216 PROM Karona Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 217 PROM Sam Ean Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority PRUM Sopheak Dep. the Cultural Development of Museums and Patrimoniales Standards APSARA National Authority 218 APSARA National Authority [email protected] g 012 630 418 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 219 Robert MCCARTHY Advisor to JASA Project JASA 220 Roland FLETCHER Director Angkor Research Program, University of Sydne 221 Romain LOUVET Conseiller de Coopération et d’Action culturelle Ambassade de France 222 RONG Angkourell Dep. Communication APSARA National Authority 223 ROS Borath President National Committee for World Heritage 224 ROS Rotheany Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 225 RYU Shi-yung International Cooperation Division / Deputy Director Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea 226 SAKHOEUN Sakada Archaeologist ADF 227 SAM Sareth Dep. the External Sites Conservation of Angkor Park APSARA National Authority 228 SAM Siyan Chief Tourism police 229 SAMRETH Sopha Interpreter EnglishKhmer APSARA Authority 230 SAO Sopheap 231 SAO Thy Cameraman SEA TV 232 SARM Chanvirak Group Tourism Management Plan APSARA National Authority 233 SARY Boramy Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms APSARA National Authority 234 SAT Nady Commissioner of Police Siem Reap Province 012 900 930 235 SATO Katsura Senior Researcher NRICP Tokyo [email protected] p 236 Satoru MIWA Field Director Sophia Asia Center [email protected] .kh 237 SAY Samal Minister Ministry of Environment 238 SEANG Vitou 239 SENG Ratana [email protected] roland.fletcher@sy dney.edu.au romain.louvet@diplo matie.gouv.fr [email protected] m.kh [email protected] 016 85 17 84 Ministry of Environment Ministry of Environment Staff I.Ge.S. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA National Authority 240 SENG Soktheara 241 Seng Soth 242 SENG Sotheara Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums & Heritage Norms APSARA National Authority 089 800 803 243 SEUNG Kong Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority 012 264 056 244 SEUNG Kong Conseiller de l’Autorité Nationale APSARA APSARA National Authority 245 Shi Xiao Professor CSA 246 Shinji TSUKAWAKI Ad hoc expert for Developmnent UNESCO 247 SIM Bunthoeun 248 SIM Chhiv Chhean Pisith Deputy Provincial Deparment of Environment, Siem Reap Province 12630564 249 SIM Thân Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 012 87 33 34 250 Simon FELLOWS First Secretary and Deputy Head of Mission Embassy of Australia [email protected] v.au 251 Simon WARRACK Expert ICCROM [email protected] m 252 SIN Pisey Dep. Water Management APSARA National Authority 253 SIN Puthy Dep. the Cultural Development of Museums and Patrimoniales Standards APSARA National Authority 254 SISOWATH MEN Chandévy Director Heritage Mission [email protected] m 255 SIYONN Sophearith Country representative FOKCI sopheariths@yaho o.com 256 SIYUN Sopharith Director of Administration and Finance Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts 257 SO Son Governor Banteay Srey District 258 SOEUNG Set reporter APSARA National Authority 259 SOK An Deputy Prime Minister Council of Ministers 260 SOK Leakhana Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority Ministry of Environment [email protected] ACHA 012 777 202 012 555 557 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 261 SOK Sangvar Head of Group of Tourism Manangement Plan APSARA National Authority 262 SOK Saray Reporter Council of Ministers 263 SOK Sithan Cameraman TV 11 264 SOK Soseila Dep. of Aménag . Planning and Management of Habitat Park APSARA National Authority 265 SOU Phirin Secretary of State Council of Ministers Dep. Forest Management, Cultural Landscapes and Environmen Dep. Forest Management, Cultural Landscapes and Environmen Dep. Agricultural and Community Development Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie [email protected] h APSARA National Authority 266 SOUN Kong Sophearith 267 SRENG Sokleu 268 SROS Key 269 SRUN Tech 270 Subrata MUKHERJEE 271 SUM Someth Dep. Communication APSARA National Authority 272 SUN Ny Officiel au Cabinet de la Présidence du Conseil des Ministres Council of Ministers 273 SUN Sovanny Director 274 SUON Sovann 275 SVAY Piseth Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 276 Sylvain Ulisse Chargé de mission Heritage Mission sylvain.ulisse@gmail. com 277 T. S. Maxwell Professor University of Bonn [email protected] 278 Takeshi NAKAGAWA Co-director JASA [email protected] 279 TAN Boun Suy Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority [email protected] 280 TAN Sombon Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority 012 957 940 APSARA National Authority APSARA National Authority APSARA National Authority APSARA National Authority Department of Culture and Fine Arts, Siem Reap Province 012 384 441 National Committee for World Heritage s_svann@yahoo. com INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 281 TAN Sophal Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA National Authority 282 TAN Theany Secretary General Cambodian National Commission for UNESCO [email protected] 283 TEA Kimsoth Director Autorité Forestière du district 092 225 555 284 TEA Van Dép. de Conservation des Monuments d’Angkor et de l’Archéologie APSARA National Authority 285 TEKRETH Somrach Secretary of State Council of Ministers [email protected] om 286 TEP Tony Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 016 965 777 287 Teruo JINNAI Advisor Council of Ministers [email protected] 288 THANN Darasas Groupe de résolution du foncier APSARA National Authority 289 TharapongSRISUCHAT Head of Delegation Royal Thai Embassy 290 THOK Sokhom Director of Department Ministry of Tourism 291 Thomas BERNECKER Stone Conservator GIZ/SCU 292 THONG Khon Minister Ministry of Tourism 293 Tianhua HONG Executive Deputy Director HIST 294 TIN Tina Deputy Director of Department APSARA National Authority 295 TOP Chanry 296 TOP Chansorikthy 297 TUOS Somaneath 298 TUY Sinna 299 UK Someth Deputy-Director General APSARA National Authority someth_uk@yahoo .com 300 UK Topbotra Director General National Authority for Preah Vihear [email protected] m 301 V.G. Hajipara Surveyor, ASI, Siem Reap, Cambodia Directeur de cabinet de la Présidence du Conseil des Ministres Preah Norodom Museum Shihanouk Angkor Dep. of Aménag . Planning and Management of Habitat Park Assistant à la Présidence du Conseil des Ministres Council of Ministers [email protected] n [email protected] m APSARA National Authority APSARA National Authority Council of Ministers INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 302 Valter M. SANTORO Head of Project I.Ge.S. vm.santoro@igess nc.com 303 VANN Bunna Director Department of Cult, Siem Reap Province 016 902 593 304 Vénérable CHUM Kim Leng APSARA National Authority 305 Vénérable HOEURN Som APSARA National Authority 306 VERNAY CHRISTIAN directeur des relations internationales International Centre for Research and Documentation of Angkor Ingenieur en chef représente Veolia et la fondation Veolia SIAAP APSARA National Authority 307 VITOU Phirom 308 Willinger BERNARD 309 YIM Nolla Senior Minister Council of Ministers 310 YIN Soeum Interpreter EnglishKhmer APSARA Authority 311 Yorn Sothearith EFEO 312 Yorn Sothearith EFEO 313 YOS Eang Deputy Secretary General Cambodian National Commission for UNESCO 314 Yoshihiro HIGUCHI Minister & Consul General Embassy of Japan 315 YOU Chantha 316 Yuji Araki Professor ERDAC 317 Yuji KUMAMARU Ambassador Embassy of Japan 318 Yuni SATO Archaeologist Nara Institute [email protected] .jp 319 Yves Goudineau Directeur EFEO [email protected] 320 Zhu Yanhia Engineer CSA Veolia 012 89 13 01 [email protected] APSARA National Authority INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session APSARA National Authority Report for 2014 Summary drafted by Her Excellency Mrs. Chau Sun Kérya, Based on the reports submitted by the departments of the APSARA National Authority Content I. Department of the Office of Administration, Personnel and Material.................................................................................... 78 II. Department of Cultural Development of Museums and Heritage Norms ...................................................................................... 79 III. Tourism Management Plan Unit (TMP)............................. 87 IV. Department of Communication......................................... 89 V. Department of Conservation of the Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue (formerly Preventive) Archaeology ............... 93 VI. Department of Water Resources Management.................. 100 VII. The Department of Tourism Development in Angkor ..... 110 VIII. Department of Order and Cooperation........................... 113 IX. Department of Management of Forestry, Cultural Landscape and the Environment. ................................................................... 115 X. Department of Agriculture and Community Development . 117 XI. Angkor International Centre for Documentation and Research119 XII. Department for the Development of the Urban Heritage of Siem Reap....................................................................................... 121 XIII. The Department of Land Use Planning and Habitat Management in the Angkor Park (DATGHA) ........................... 123 XIV. Department of technical support and cross-sectoral projects127 XV. Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside the Angkor Park ....................................................................................... 127 XVI. Community Work Group ................................................. 129 XVII. Inter-ministerial Commission on land issue resolution . 131 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session I. Department of the Office of Administration, Personnel and Material I.1. Staff (civil servant or not) I.1.1. Table of the level of education N° 1 Degree Bachelor or higher Amount 516 2 3 4 A level and higher O level Guards, officers and workers on permanent contracts Workers hired on a weekly basis 262 392 335 5 Miscellaneous 116 archaeologists, 35 architects, 15 engineers, and others 1,015 2,520 I.1.2 Table of jobs and responsibilities N° 1 Degree Management Amount 90 2 Technical staff working in temples and working sites. Tourism and forestry officers and contracted workers Workers hired on a weekly basis 1,080 3 4 Miscellaneous 116 archaeologists, 35 architects, 15 engineers, and others 335 1,015 2,520 I.2. General, administrative and service duties I.2.1. The APSARA National Authority Service Centre (CSA) - The Cultural and Tourism Unit received 782 requests of which 765 have been reviewed: 751 granted and 14 denied (17 requests being processed) 339 construction permit requests received, of which 302 reviewed: 183 granted and 119 denied (37 requests being processed). 220 general requests received, of which 215 reviewed: 203 granted and 12 denied (5 requests being processed). I.2.2 Protocol and Hosting Unit - 7,284 mails received; 546 mails reviewed (replies sent); Organisation of 112 meetings for the APSARA National Authority; 20 letters of derogation drafted; 11 memoranda of understanding for signature drafted; Assisting in the organisation of meetings, national commemorations and other events in the Angkor Park, including the inauguration of the Museum of Traditional Asian Textiles from the Ganges and Mekong Countries, presided over by H.E. Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister and president of the APSARA National Authority, on 7th of April 2014; organisation of the 23rd Technical Committee Session of the Angkor ICC on 4-5 June 2014 and of the ceremony for the return of the restored Great Buddha at the Bayon on 23rd of October 2014. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session I.2.3. Staff and training strategy - - - - - - Implementation of the Royal Government policy to reform wages from July 2014 onwards and to foster and strengthen the efficient proficiency of staff; During their trial period, eight workers specialising in the restoration of brick structures have been rewarded; this strategy will be rolled out to all other APSARA National Authority departments. The Angkor Training Centre: the building, where the training sessions on human resources staff working at Angkor are taking place, has been repaired. The official inauguration of the Centre occurred during the 21st Plenary Session of the Angkor-ICC on 4th of December 2014. International experts will lecture/train in the fields of restoration and conservation of monuments and ancient artefacts. Trainees are Cambodian officers working at the APSARA National Authority, but also may come from other national institutions and ministries. Establishment of a Land Use Commission with a view to collecting data in the Angkor region and, in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, of a Commission to set out the special training and continuous training sessions for guides, so that they comply with UNESCO standards and improve their skills and knowledge. Review of 611 human resources dossiers with regard to hiring new people or staff handing in their notices (ad hoc, contracted workers, technical officers); 293 new staff hired. 65 staff had their wages increased, 15 staff requested unpaid leave, 4 staff returned to their original jobs, 17 staff have been transferred, 44 staff were issued permanent contracts and 58 contracts were renewed. 665 directive letters and 604 assignment letters drafted. I.2.4 Management of the power grid and of the garage II. - Power grid: . 96 utility poles repaired, light bulbs and electrical equipment changed on 71 poles, 17 circuit-breakers broken and 60 lamp shades fitted. . Cabling done to bring electricity to the office for air quality monitoring, and also at the Sokha Hotel ticketing checkpoint located on Charles de Gaulle Avenue, at the conference room and in the gardens, and at the entrances of the buildings of the APSARA National Authority offices. At Run Ta-Ek, the henhouse was connected to the local power grid. . In collaboration with Electricity of Siem Reap (EDC), the power distribution system in the temples (Prasat Lolei and Bakong entrances) has been improved, as has been the lighting system of the APSARA National Authority seat. - Garage management: . 120 cars and 32 motorbikes have been repaired on appointment and 96 cars repaired on the spot. 228 cars had oil changed and two generators have been repaired at the weighing station of Angkor Thom district and that of Banteay Srei. Department of Cultural Development of Museums and Heritage Norms II.1. Administrative matters: - Organisational duties: the Department took part in the organisation of the opening session of the Preah Vihear ICC on the 3rd of December, 2014 and of the 21st Plenary Session of the Angkor ICC on 4th of December, 2014. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Answering requests regarding miscellaneous services in the Angkor Park: . Drafting of complimentary authorisations to the Park: i) for researchers: 487 mid-term authorisations (1-9 months) and 86 long-term (one year), ii) 92 authorisation letters for tour leaders. . Drafting of 133 contracts and letters of authorisation for show dinners: . Drafting of 107 contract and authorisation letters for photographing, videoing and filming. N° Company/institution Quantity Price in US$ Organising show-dinners 13 companies and travel agencies 133 190,255 II. Photography 51 requests from professionals. 107 96,400 7 requests for wedding pictures III. Tour leader entrance tickets Guide passes 92 2,760 Angkor Wat authorisation letters and entrance passes for researchers - Mid-term (1 to 9 months) 450 Free - Long term (1 year) 71 Total of I+II+III 289,415 - Miscellaneous Daily administrative work of the department: material and vehicle management, acknowledging and answering mails, appointments, etc. II.2. Public Relations Unit Public Observatory work results In order to design a visitor management plan in the Angkor Park, the APSARA National Authority is collating actual data gathered on site. To this aim, the seven investigators of the Public Observatory counted the number of Angkor Park visitors at the Sokha ticketing booth over nine weeks to assess the average daily visitation: - 97 travel agencies; 1,232 visitors in groups; Average number of visitors over nine weeks: 77,598 people. The duration of the surveys carried out in the main monuments varied: - 11 weeks at Angkor Wat, 11 weeks at Ta Prohm, 9 weeks at the Bayon, 9 weeks at Banteay Kdei, 9 weeks at Pre Rup, 7 weeks at Banteay Srei, 5 weeks at Baphuon, 5 weeks at Bakheng, 3 weeks at Preah Khan, 2 weeks at Bakong, 2 weeks at Preah Koh, 1 week at Banteay Samre, The average visitation of major sites in 2014 is the following: - 5,780 at Angkor Wat, 4,922 at Ta Prohm: INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - 4,816 at Bayon 2 087 at Banteay Srei, 1,511 at Preah Khan, 1,288 at Phnom Bakheng, 1,462 at Baphuon, 91 at Banteay Kdei, 880 at Pre Rup, 707 at Bakong, 502 at Preah Koh, 397 at Banteay Samre. Survey of the daily average number of vehicles parked opposite Phnom Bakheng over one year from January until December 2014. - 15 bicycles, 45 motorbikes, 307 tuk tuk, 53 sedan cars, 48 vans (15 seater), 42 buses (24 seater), 6 electric cars. Survey on the type of vehicles driving through Tonle Oum Gate during one week of the first 10 months of 2014: Type of vehicle Motorbikes Tuk tuks Sedan cars Minibuses (15 seater), Buses (24 seater), Electric cars Tonle Oum Gate entrance 1,395 1,376 564 305 224 47 Tonle Oum Gate exit 1,010 914 242 105 08 18 II.3. Unit for Design and Management of Cultural Properties II.3.1. Management of the Banteay Srei parvis The Department of Cultural Development, Museums and International Norms is responsible for the Banteay Srei parvis. It is staffed with nine permanent officers whose job is the following: Visitor Centre: There were 451,920 visitors that entered the parvis from the 21st of December 2013 until the 10th of October 2014. - The Visitor Centre informs visitors on tours inside the temple grounds: 3,328 visitors asked for information in one year. 137 visitors used the locker room. Interpretation Centre: Banteay Srei visitors, with time on their hands, who visited the Interpretation Centre, left comments in the visitors’ book. They all expressed their satisfaction with the overall organisation and management for the visit of this site. Many would like to return and 40,280 visited the Interpretation Centre. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Other services at Banteay Srei parvis: - Monitoring of gardening, flower planting, cleaning of the building and other areas of the parvis. Controlling the condition of the information signs and requesting repairs or replacements. Monitoring the demolition work of the former bathrooms located beside the guard hut. Monitoring of the nursery planting activities. Checking the repair work on the fence next to the exhibition hall. Contributing to keeping the areas around shopping stalls tidy, including prohibiting the storage of products on the lawn or throwing trash in other places than rubbish bins. II.3.2. Management of cultural products - - Products sold by sellers in the Angkor Park: Officers of the department control on a regular basis the cultural goods that are for sale in stalls. They endorse the prioritisation of locally made products to promote Khmer culture and prevent the sale of goods that may be derogatory to the image of Angkor. The quality of show dinners organised opposite temples was assessed, notably at the Bayon, Kravan, Thommanon, Banteay Samre, the Terrace of the Elephants, etc. II.4. The office of Heritage Norms: This unit is staffed with 22 officers working across several monuments: Prasat Bayon, Prasat Phimeanakas, Prasat Baphuon, Prasat Suor Prat, the Terrace of the Elephants, Prasat Angkor Wat, Prasat Ta Prohm, and Prasat Preah Khan. Their role consists in checking the shooting, videoing and filming by professionals or private individuals with commercial or not for profit objectives. They checked APSARA National Authority authorised filming letters. They stopped 402 tapings that were taking place without any authorisation. In order to respect the sacred and religious features of the Angkor site, the department officers also enforce proper dress among visitors and notified 188 visitors who did not wear proper apparel. II.5. The Office of Cultural Development: II.5.1. West Baray project: - - Drafting of the necessary 2014 budget for the implementation of developments for site presentation to visitors. . Getting quotations for three information panels and tree- labelling cards. . Design of three templates of sunset information panels before dissemination. The verification of the information signs, of the rubbish bins and of the access road to the visitor platform concurred that i) some panels have been damaged and others have disappeared; ii) the eastern platform bins have disappeared and iii) the access roads are in bad condition and have flooded in some areas, making it difficult to access the eastern dike. II.5.2. North Baray project: - Collaboration with six members of the Samaki community towards the development of the Rajadak Baray, headed by Mr. Yi Yak. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - The roof and the ceiling of the interpretation centre have been damaged. The community would like to repair the roof using Khunmea leaves or thatch and rebuild the ceiling using cement. Some of the trees in the North Baray are dying, deforming the natural landscape whilst no longer playing their role as sanctuaries for birds. The community would like to replant trees around the North Baray at the end of February 2015, once the level of water is low and has requested that the Department of Management of Water Resources keep the water to a level that would not hinder the growth of the newly planted tree species (Reang, Chikeng, Phtole, etc.). II.5.3. Beng Mealea Project Constructions started in Beng Mealea by the Department of Conservation of Sites Outside Angkor do not match the recommendations of the pilot project deriving from the Heritage Management Framework Project. Actually, instead of channelling visitor movement, the newly built structures have opened accesses to hazardous areas that the APSARA National Authority would like to close to visitors. The management of a visitor flow strategy has been entrusted to the team of the Tourism Management Plan (TMP). II.5.4 Miscellaneous - - Finalised the pagoda tour itinerary located along the Siem Reap River. Finalised the people with disabilities itinerary at Banteay Srei. Took part in the design of the traffic signs for Phnom Bakheng car park. Contributed to the design of template signs for different units of the TMP. With a view to finalising pedestrian and cycling itinerary tours at Angkor Thom’s surrounding wall, a site visit was organised. It aimed at identifying the locations to put up information and cycling and directional signs for the visits, as well as rubbish bin locations. Joining the in situ test itinerary tour proposed by the TMP group at Ta Prohm temple. II.6. Museums II.6.1. Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum - Number of visitors and receipts for 2014: Total (12 months) - Complimentary visitors (with authorisations and under 12) Paying visitors 2014 receipts Cambodians Foreigners Cambodians Foreigners Cambodians in Riel Foreigners in US$ 256 1,239 136 51 256,000 3,717 Inventory of the museum collection and storage . Museum collection: i) listing of 118 artefacts displayed in glass cases in shelves marked A, B and C; ii) control of the 2007 collection of 285 artefacts of which 262 are in sandstone, 20 in ceramic and 3 in samreth; iii) control of the 2013 collection of 141 objects of which 41 are in sandstone, 98 in ceramic, with four bags of sandstone chips. The 2008 and 2012 collections are being checked. . Inventory: Work has commenced on the inventory of objects received from the Department of Conservation of Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue Archaeology, INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session i) also on the artefacts received in 2009, made up of 46 objects and ten fragments and ii) of the 2010 objects, consisting of ten fragments. . Checking the 2012 collection made up of 46 artefacts received from the Department of Conservation of Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue Archaeology. . Checking objects received in 2014 from the same department: i) On 26 March 2014, the Museum was presented with a linga from Prasat Koki, Phnom Kulen and ii) on the 10th of October, at 10 p.m. the Museum collected four fragments of a seated Buddha statue, including the torso, head and arms, from the Bayon central tower. . The inventory of the 2014 collection has continued. It includes 71 fragments (NSAM.2014.189 – NSAM.2014.259). . Digitalisation of 33 artefacts of the 2014 collection (NSAM.2014 – NSAM.2014.221). - The museology of the Museum exhibition has been improved. . A more attractive logo has been designed. . Leaflets are being designed to inform on current exhibitions at the Museum. . Mr. Tep Sokha is designing the Prasat Kok Patri ceramic exhibition publication. . Work has continued on the descriptive cards of 101 Buddha statues exhibited in the Museum, which will replace older ones. . Research on the history of conservation work and cleaning of the Buddha statues unearthed at Banteay Kdei. . Professor Masako Marui was asked to assist in the Japanese translation of the Museum leaflet. - Management of the Museum library . 2,672 publications are available at the library, mainly on research works carried out on Angkor’s monuments and archaeology. 821 of these publications are yet to be inventoried and are written in foreign languages. Most of the books were donated by Professor Yoshiaki Ishizawa and are from his personal collection. . The Dewey Decimal Classification system is used to shelve books. II.6.2. Museum of traditional Asian Textiles from the countries of the Ganges and the Mekong This type of Museum is a first in Cambodia. India spearheaded its establishment by financing the construction of the Museum building on land granted by the APSARA National Authority on behalf of the Royal Government of Cambodia. Two countries co-manage the Museum. For Cambodia, the department of Cultural Development, Museums and International Norms of the APSARA National Authority is in charge. The Museum is also a cooperative endeavour between countries from Gangetic countries, represented by India, and of the Mekong, represented by Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Besides India and Cambodia, Vietnam was the first country to accept the invitation to set up a textile and traditional costumes collection, followed by Laos and Myanmar. The soft and official inauguration of the Museum, on 7th of April 2014, was presided over by H.E. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister in charge of the Council of Ministers and president of the APSARA National Authority, and the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of India. The inauguration’s readiness required the general mobilisation of all officers of the Department of Cultural Development, Museums and International Norms in order to receive objects from partner countries and to prepare the exhibition of the textiles. - Receiving exhibition goods: . To see to the clearance of customs paperwork for goods coming from India, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar. . Clearing paperwork for receiving four traditional textiles in silk donated by the National Museum, Phnom Penh. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Objects readiness: . Once the goods were received, they were cleaned and treated as per technical compliance, so that they can withstand the tropical climate (humidity and heat), as soon as they are exhibited. . The explanatory texts have been translated into Khmer and English and descriptive cards designed which mention the origin, the material and the history of the fabric along with a picture of the exhibited objects, - Exhibition organisation: . Galleries: Monitoring of the fitting of the electrical system and of CCTV cameras complying with international norms in the four exhibition rooms (general information gallery on the Countries of the Ganges and the Mekong and of the production material, gallery of traditional textiles and gallery of contemporaneous textiles). . Supervision: The framing of fragile textiles was monitored. In order to better protect objects against insects, termites and fungi, insecticides have been sprayed on the protective wooden planks, the edges of the frames are in aluminium, while the whole is covered with glass. With the official opening of the Museum to the public, additional work was needed to develop infrastructure, procure more material and hire staff. The management of objects exhibited and regular meetings have also been organised with the Indian partner and with other partner countries. After several months of talks, Thailand installed its collection in 2014. The Museum is now ready to host visitors. The second meeting of the board of directors of the Museum was held on the 29th of September, 2014 with the attendance of all partner countries and was co-chaired by India and Cambodia. - Museum management activities: . Regular checking of the exhibition halls to prevent the formation of insect nests, the accumulation of dust and control of humidity. . The inventory of collections has continued and additional information was researched on items already inventoried. . Staff training on exhibition display and collection maintenance. . Some damaged parts of the Museum have been repaired, notably the leaking of the glass roof and broken windows. The external and internal gallery roofs are yet to be fixed. . The HCC Company was procured to treat termite nests around the Museum and install early warning monitoring devices in case of nest infestation. . The staff of the Museum was trained by fire hazard specialists (use of extinguishers, emergency measures to be taken in case of a blaze, etc). . Cooperating with the Indian partner on financial management regarding additional Museum expenses. The APSARA National Authority is responsible for the Cambodian staff wages and the Museum operational costs. - Museum development: . Six staff hired to host visitors. . Design, at a previously set location, of a plant garden to showcase natural dyes. . Purchase of publications specialising in textiles to add to the library’s collection. . Follow-up of contacts with partner countries to enrich the collections and renew exhibited items. . Planning to purchase a generator to guarantee the best protection for textiles: Information gathered on the selection of a device adapted to the needs of the Museum in case of power cuts and a proposal to build a shelter for a generator. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session . Collecting technical papers on protective devices for conservation and treatment of textiles to be displayed in the Museum. . Officers familiar with Photoshop trained the administrative staff of the Museum. . Research on the history of textile production. - Extra activities . Setting up of a photography exhibition on Buddhism in India, displayed in the hall and corridors of the galleries, adding to the textile exhibition. II.6.3. Angkor Ceramic Museum of Tani Village This Museum is part of a wider global development project engaging villagers to showcase the ancient kilns and artefacts where they have been discovered. This project is planning to set up workshops replicating ancient pottery and souvenir stalls to attract tourists. Located far from the monumental sites and poorly dotted, only 52 international visitors and 22 domestic visited the Museum in 2014, for an overall respective income of US$52 and 11,000 riel. - Maintenance of the ceramic collection . Drafting of the budget on cleaning and restoration of the Museum ceramic collection. . The collection was cleaned using brushes and items were reset as described. - Exhibition improvement: . Description and drawings of materials used and of the ceramic making process to improve visitor knowledge. . Design of the pedestals to receive descriptive cards of exhibited items. . Design of information panels for visitors. - Management of the Tani site: . Some remains from the kilns, yet to be unearthed, were discovered following enormous levels of precipitation which triggered the removal of the soil concealing them. The items still in good condition including visible patterns, and the ceramic fragments, have been relocated and stored at the Museum and are yet to be inventoried. . These same precipitations also damaged the Museum’s access road and the department team proceeded to have it repaired and also planted flowers and weeded the shoulders. . To prevent land grabbing from villagers living close to the kiln sites, the department team asked the village and commune chiefs for their cooperation (K2 and K3 kiln mound). . Directional signs have been put up: one at the crossing of National Road 6 with Road 67, the second at the crossing between Route 67 and the road leading to the Museum and the third in front of the Museum entrance. II.7. Proposals - - It is essential to design uniforms for the department officers responsible for the protection of the image of Angkor and working in the temples and for staff of the Museums with a view to strengthening and ascertaining their authority on sites. APSARA National Authority officers working on site, in monuments, need stronger cooperation from the Tourism and Heritage Police to solve issues with visitors to the temples. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session III. Tourism Management Plan Unit (TMP) The TMP is part of the Heritage Management Framework (HMF) and aims at bridging the shortcomings in terms of tourism management of the Angkor site and meeting the need to control visitor flow in the monuments. A special unit has been set up to carry out this TMP. III.1. TMP implementation Young executives, notably from the Department of Cultural Development, Museums and Heritage Norms, the Department of Tourism Development of the APSARA National Authority and the Ministry of Tourism, carry out the implementation of the TMP. A Consultative Committee is advising this unit and the outcomes of their work are assessed by the ad hoc group of experts in sustainable development of the Angkor ICC. II.1.1Communicating on the TMP At the national level - Information sessions have been organised in order for the different departments of the APSARA National Authority to understand the key role played by the TMP in managing tourism in Angkor and, especially, to get their active engagement to support activities that will be undertaken. A total of 121 officers took part in these sessions from six departments of the APSARA National Authority: the Department of Cultural development, Museums and Heritage Norms, the Department of Tourism Development, the Department of Communication, the Department of Public Order and Cooperation, the Department of Conservation in the Angkor Park and Rescue Archaeology and the Department of Conservation of Monuments outside the Angkor Park. - Informative sessions were also held with staff of the APSARA National Authority working at monuments, including units from the Heritage and Tourism Police forces. Overall, 174 people spreading over five sites attended. - Other national institutions also took part in these sessions: the Ministry of Tourism and the Preah Vihear National Authority. - For better information and wider dissemination to the general public of the TMP, 200 copies of the leaflet on the TMP have been printed and circulated. At the international level - The TMP was presented in international conferences in Myanmar (UNWTO) and Japan (JICA). Informative sessions at the TMP office on the implementation of the TMP in Angkor to the staff of the Japanese Embassy and guests from World Monuments Fund. III.1.2. Pilot project for the implementation of the TMP in Angkor Thom. Works carried out for the TMP implementation were presented to the ad hoc group of experts in sustainable development during the Angkor ICC. Following their recommendations, it was decided to establish a pilot project on the Angkor Thom site. Thus, the TMP team in charge started field and statutory work: Inventory of all tourism infrastructures and equipment existing on site, including APSARA National Authority guard and monument officer shelters, signs, rubbish bins and bathrooms. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - Study of potential improvements for unpopular tour itineraries. Drafting of a document on tourism development in Angkor. Organisation of a consultation meeting with managers of the different affected departments of the APSARA National Authority with a view to conceiving a road improvement programme in Angkor Thom and the creation of cycle lanes inside the complex. Sending the drafted pilot project documentation to the concerned departments for feedback. Finalisation of the visitor’s code of conduct. III.1.3. Other activities concerning the TMP implementation - - - Phnom Bok was a highly sacred site during the establishment of the Angkorian Empire and has not yet been showcased by any restoration or tourism development programmes. The TMP Unit has begun studying potential development for a visitor centre, a car park, a commercial area and a rest area. Consultation with the private sector’s Opinion Council is planned on the itinerary tours set up at Ta Prohm, so that they may be further disseminated to tour operators and visitors. The APSARA National Authority’s operational plans for tour operators in the temples are being reviewed. Development works of the car park of the forthcoming Angkor Wat parvis have continued. The code of conduct has been circulated among tour operators of the APSARA National Authority and those working in the temples. III.1.4. Improve coordination inside the temples - - - Following a request from the Director General of the APSARA National Authority and in order to improve the management of the tourism flow at Ta Prohm temple, the TMP Unit has studied alternative itineraries. Presentation to and approval of the Director General of the TMP Consultative Council’s proposals regarding uniforms for tourism officers stationed in the monuments. They are being tailored. Waterproof clothes and Icom receivers have been circulated to tourism officers stationed in monuments to boost their efficiency and improve their working conditions. The operational plan of tourism officers stationed in monuments has been reviewed and improved. III.1.5. National and international cooperation - - - The TMP Unit held, in September 2014, an initial meeting with members of the Council of the Private Sector whose representatives come from the hotel, tour operator and transportation industries, and also souvenir stall owners and tourism guides. The goal is to improve knowledge of the Council members and strengthen cooperation between all stakeholders to cope with tourism development in the Angkor region and to elect the council chair (the TMP team leader) and two deputy chairs from the private sector. Several meetings have been organised with the private sector to introduce projects undertaken by the TMP Unit, including the code of conduct for tourists and the itinerary tours for Ta Prohm. Their contribution is appreciated in order to improve implementation of the projects. Cooperative work with the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia in organising the programme of the Stone workshop for the Angkor Sangrata festival from the 13th until the 16th of April 2014. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - In collaboration with the World Tourism Organisation (WTO), the TMP Unit has filed the nomination of the APSARA National Authority as an affiliated member of the organisation. III.1.6. Training - - Within the framework of the implementation of the TMP, GML, an Australian consultancy firm, trained, from the 19th until the 23rd of May 2014, officers of the APSARA National Authority involved in the TMP, to improve activities in the Angkor region and notably at Beng Mealea. A French trainee trained for six months at the TMP office on management of tourism at the Angkor site. Two officers of the TMP Unit were granted scholarships to train in France and China. III.2. Angkor Sangrata 2014 Festival The TMP Unit, in collaboration with the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia, took part in the organisation of the Angkor Sangranta 2014 Festival, setting up the Stone Workshop with other departments of the APSARA National Authority. III.3. Fighting pollution project Facing increasing air pollution in the Angkor site, arising along with the development of tourism activities, a working group has been set up to carry out emergency activities to fight and mitigate negative impacts. Consequently, the following activities have been implemented: - - Carrying out of a census of polluting vehicles in the Angkor region. Setting up an awareness and education programme on the causes and impacts of pollution on the environment for the people living on the Angkor site. Listing of the pagodas, schools and commercial areas for awareness sessions on the negative health impacts from burnt plastics and emissions of gases by vehicles. Small video clips edited to design an educational programme for the people living in the Angkor region. Launch of a partnership at national and international levels to fight the use of plastics, in particular with the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia, the Clean Cities Committee, the NZaid project on community participation and the EMS Working Group of the APSARA National Authority. Review of available documentation from international partner institutions on the impacts of acid and polluting smoke emitted by vehicles. Study of the different types of equipment used to measure pollution. III.4. Suggestions The TMP Unit has deployed all its available resources to roll out the planned working programme; nevertheless there is insufficient staffing. This should be looked into as soon as possible to improve the efficiency of activities to be implemented and for the bettering of tourism management of the Angkor site. IV. Department of Communication Established in 2008, it collects data from the other APSARA National Authority’s departmental activities, of any events linked with the Angkor site and from the living communities INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session settled in the Park’s protected areas. It also sees to the dissemination of information to the media and public. IV.1. Department organisational chart It was originally divided into three offices: The Information and Relations Office. The Campaign Information Office and, The Administrative Office. The newly appointed director has presented a revised organisation for review by the director general. It is still made up of three offices, but is distributed as follows: The Information Office; The Information Production Office and The Dissemination and Communication Office. It is staffed with 25 officers, including two women and a deputy director. IV.2. The collect of information This is carried out mainly when reporting on events or the activities of any APSARA National Authority Department. The information is then broadcast on local and national airwaves and televisions and published on the Internet site of the APSARA National Authority. IV.2.1. Activities of the Community Working Group Reporting on the awareness and information campaigns to the communities led by the Community Working Group in 86 villages and the contribution of 6,534 villagers. Topics dealt with are: the value of the Angkor site, the law on heritage protection and land use principles. The Group solved 85 cases on site regarding issues such as repair and relocation of houses, construction of bathrooms, henhouses, fences, pig and cow pens, rice lofts, and etc. IV.2.2. Parvis development work - Opposite Phnom Bakheng, the APSARA National Authority extended the existing car park and regulated traffic with a view to reducing bottlenecks at sunset. The APSARA National Authority has also highly focused on the development of the Angkor Wat parvis. The design has been modified on several occasions and initial works on the construction of a car park to improve traffic and create a passenger drop areas have commenced. IV.2.3. Reporting on meetings, seminars and national and international conferences The team responsible for reporting at the Department filmed 32 videos on: - - The APSARA National Authority meeting on 2013 achievements and 2014 perspectives. Readiness for the 2014 awareness campaigns led by the Community Working Group. The meeting on the fight against illegal construction in the Angkor site, in agreement with local authorities, to safeguard the protected areas of the Angkor site against urbanisation. The meeting on the preparation and organisation of the Angkor Sangrata 2014 Festival. The audit sessions of the APSARA National Authority Management System of the Environment of Angkor (ISO14001) undertaken by the Institute for Environmental Assessment, Japan (JOA). INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - The 20th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. The inaugural session of the Preah Vihear ICC and the 21st Plenary Session of the ICC Angkor. A presentation on Zhou Daguan’s notes. A presentation on Angkorean Civilisation, general aspects of urbanisation and public infrastructures. A presentation on ancient rock art. A presentation on sacred and ceremonial constructions, etc. IV.2.4 Reporting on community development The team filmed eight reports on community development: Distribution of solar bulbs to poor people and workers of the APSARA National Authority. Award ceremony for best achievers within the bilateral cooperation framework with New Zealand. Circulation of I want to know, visiting Angkor collection book, volume I. IV.2.5. Research work on cultural heritage - Tangible heritage The team reported seven times on ancient temples and bridges, including Kok Kreuh, Kok Roka temples and the ancient bridges along National Road 6. - Intangible heritage The team filmed 18 reports on different traditional ceremonies: . Ceremony to protect against dangers; . The one hundred day ceremony after a death; . Ceremony of seven prayers recitation; . Kralan ceremony; . Khmer traditional wedding ceremony; . Birthday ceremonies; . Neak Ta consecration ceremony; . Buddha’s enlightenment ceremony; . Leang Memot ceremony; . Funerary rites ceremony; IV.2.6. Conservation works Six reports on the conservation works at Lolei temple in Angkor and at Kampong Thom on the Sambor Prei Kuk Complex. IV.2.7. Water Resources management system works The APSARA National Authority is a main actor for water management in the Siem Reap province and has undertaken repair and construction of hydraulic structures overseen by the Department of Water Resources Management. Repair of a West Baray sluice gate, Construction of a water bypass west of the West Baray. IV.2.8. Reporting on environment and forest The team filmed and edited 19 reports on the environment and forests: Environment Day celebrated by cleaning activities at Phnom Bok; Tree cutting activities at Ta Prohm and etc. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session IV.3. Dissemination of information through different media IV.3.1. Newspapers Newspaper Koh Santepheap Rasmey Kampuchea APSARA Culture and history Tourism 11 articles 23 articles 18 articles 26 articles 10 articles 21 articles Politics 16 articles 23 articles Forest and the environment 15 articles 8 articles Phnom Penh Post 7 articles 7 articles Nokor Vat Kampuchea Thmei 6 articles 7 articles 28 articles 35 articles 16 articles 20 articles 4 articles 11 articles 15 articles 3 articles 27 articles 26 articles 15 articles IV.3.2. Television - 56 shows on the Angkor cable TV channel; 52 shows on the APSARA channel; 65 shows on Kampuchea News Network; 8 shows on Bayon TV; 1 show on Hang Meas TV. IV.3.3. Information broadcast on the airwaves - Radio Sweet FM 100.5MHz Weekly broadcast of major information on the activities of the APSARA National Authority in a show entitled Meeting the APSARA National Authority every Saturday at 5 p.m. A total of 40 shows aired. - Radio Nokor Phnom 102.9MHz The team feeds information on a daily basis, which is aired daily between 6 and 7 p.m.: . 43 news bulletin; . 20 press releases; . 173 daily news items; . 4 reports on miscellaneous topics; . 81 clarifications; . 13 interviews; . 28 informative shows on history. - The Voice of Buddha Radio, Kampurat 106.25MHz Daily information provided by the team is aired on Thursdays from 6.50 p.m. until 7.30 p.m. This show is called the Buddhism Programme and it includes: . 15 newsfeeds on Angkor; . 18 news bulletins on the heritage and history of Angkor; . 20 news bulletins on the preservation of national heritage, especially pagodas; . 14 news bulletins on the law and legal norms complying with the preservation of heritage. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session IV.3.4. On the APSARA National Authority Website (www.autoriteapsara.org) - 22 articles have been posted on the website; Leaflets have been posted on the website; 28 videos have been posted on the website; 4 articles on cooperative projects have been posted on the website. 3 articles on the jurisdiction of the APSARA National Authority have been posted on the website. 27 news bulletins have been posted on the website. IV.4. Issues and perspectives Since the establishment of the Communication Department, the APSARA National Authority has started a review to improve staff working conditions; nevertheless some shortcomings have not enabled the team to perform as expected. Most issues are: - linked with the department’s organisational chart where duty distribution remains unclear; The lack of modern and efficient equipment to film and edit reports; The designated offices within the APSARA National Authority seat do not cater for a reception area, a meeting room or a recording studio. The staff has not been promoted nor given any incentives. V. Department of Conservation of the Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue (formerly Preventive) Archaeology V.1. Conservation and restoration of monuments V.1.1. East Mebon Restoration and consolidation works have been undertaken on the four corners of the platform and the southwest corner of the East Mebon to ensure the stability of the elephant statues and secure the site for visitors. They started in September 2014: 70 percent of the measured drawings and backfill on the southwest side have been completed; 70 percent of the surrounding areas have been cleared of vegetation; The repair works on the ancient hydraulic system have been completed in two locations on the southwest section of the monument; 14 fragments of laterite were used to replace ancient decayed pieces and 44 fragments were recycled. Wooden props have been put up to consolidate the two walls of the southwest corner and 50 percent of the anastylosis has been completed. V.1.2. Angkor Thom surrounding wall (74 metres in four different locations) The project rolls out in two phases. The first lasts six months and the second 17. Works began in four locations in August, 2013: The first location is east of the Dai Chhnang gate (west section), on a 14-metre segment. 65 per cent of the works have been completed, including earth moving works of the backfill of the wall and the restoration of the wall in resetting nine stone courses. The second location is located to the east of the Dai Chhnang Gate (eastern section) over a 45-metre segment. Completed are 60 percent of the restoration of the wall and the resetting of eight courses of stones. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - - The third location is the northeast section of the surrounding wall, a span of eight metres. 30 percent of the restoration is completed, including: resetting of nine courses of stone and laying two levels of platform. The fourth location is the west surrounding wall at the Tonle Oum gate on a 16-metre segment. 60 percent of the works have been completed with earth moving works of the backfill of the wall and the restoration of the wall in resetting ten stone courses. Also completed are the backfill of places damaged after water stagnated along the wall and the digging of drainage canals to mitigate the erosion of the wall. Clearing and cutting of undergrowth and roots threatening the structure and the stability of the wall. V.1.3. Restoration works of the tiers of the Angkor Wat northwest moat on a 40metre section. The Italian team led by Professor Walter Maria Santoro is responsible for the 18- months restoration project started in February 2014: - Completion of the construction of a cofferdam and consolidation of the tier foundation. The stone inventory is 50 per cent completed. The anastylosis of the stone of the tiers is 50 per cent completed over 20 metres. New laterite blocks preparation work is 30 per cent completed. As of now, 70 blocks have been cut to replace the former, damaged stones. V.1.4. Consolidation of the platform backfill and construction of stairs at Pre Rup The project lasted three months and twenty days: - Props have been put up in seven different locations, especially on the upper eastern tower on its south side and on the pediment of the first gate on the northeast side. Completion of the construction works of the stairs and of the wooden platform south of the temple on the east side. V.1.5. Consolidation of the brick library on the southeastern side of Preah Koh. A twelve-month project started in January 2014: - Completion of the restoration and consolidation of six doorframes of the western door of the library. The doorjambs of the west door have been completely restored and reset. The restoration of the brick wall of the west gate is 40 per cent completed. The restoration of the bricks of the southwest corner of the first tower has been completed. The restoration of the entire south brick wall is 90 per cent completed. Towers have been cleared of undergrowth and damaged bricks removed. Small holes and cracks on the south wall have been filled to the top course, using lime, with a view to preventing water infiltration in the inner structure of the tower. V.1.6. Restoration of a brick tower on the northeast side of Prasat Lolei A twelve-month project started on the 16th of April, 2014: - Missing stones have been replaced with new ones on the northeast and southeast sides. Decayed and unstable bricks have been removed from the northeast and southeast platforms. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - The restoration and consolidation, using new bricks, of the eastern stairs is 90 per cent completed. The restoration of the brick platform to the southeast is completed. The restoration of the northeast brick platform is 90 per cent completed. V.1.7. Restoration and strengthening of a south brick tower at Prasat Kok Chak The one-year project started in September 2014: - Weeding of undergrowth growing on the tower and completion of the construction of material storage area. The restoration of the southeast brick platform is 5 per cent completed. The restoration of the northeast brick platform is 90 per cent completed. Dressing of new stones and use of lime to fill small holes and cracks on the northeast side. V.1.8. Conservation works of Prasat Bat Chum’s brick towers - Damaged bamboo scaffolds were removed; Regular maintenance operations on the three towers, by tying the belting cables and fixing wooden props; Searching for missing bricks on the northeastern side of the north tower; two courses have been re-laid as per original conception. Cleaning of small brick detritus, of dust and cutting of undergrowth growing on three towers. V.1.9. Project to make concrete shims to secure stone blocks at Prasat Banteay Srei A twelve-month project started in April 2014; works have been provisionally halted due to lack of materials: - 100 concrete shims have been built to be used as supports for the stones scattered around the temple; Three rotten, wooden shims supporting pediments have been replaced in concrete. Cleaning of the blocked sewage system around the temple. Cleaning and reordering of the collapsed storage structure built by the Swiss cooperation and relocation of statue fragments to shelter and secure them. V.1.10. Conservation of Prasat Phnom Bok Within the development framework of Phnom Bok site, the restoration of the monument will start soon: - Design of a plan for the stairs and guard rails before restoration; Technical design of a presentation and restoration project of the Great Linga at the top of the temple. V.1.10. Conservation of Prasat Ta Nei - Documentation gathered and study of the restoration and presentation of the temple. V.1.12. Construction project of visitor platforms at Prasat Phnom Bakheng - Completion of the construction of 12 x 4 metre platform for visitors, located on the west flank of the hill. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session V.1.10. Conservation of Prasat Angkor Wat - Completion of the clearing of the blocked water run-off canals on the north and south sides of the Thousand Buddha Gallery; Completion of the repair, in twelve locations, of wooden stairs, along the west entrance in the direction of the second level towers of the monument. Construction of the laterite entrance gate for the Stone Workshop of the Angkor Wat parvis for the forthcoming Angkor Sangrata festival. V.1.14. Conservation of Prasat Bayon - Restoration of two 2.5 x 2.5 metre wooden stairs at the north and west entrances. Repair of the wooden platforms located at the south and east entrances. Propping put up to strengthen the stone structure of the Central Tower. The ageing, 5 x 8 metre wooden platform at the eastern entrance has been replaced to facilitate the JASA-led works on the restoration of stones. Drafting of a report to ask for recommendations concerning a fallen stone at the first platform level on the north side. Reporting on the destruction of the Buddha located in the Central Tower to ask for recommendations. V.2. Carving The concrete props built during former restoration works have gradually been replaced by stone structures. - Carving of 33 naga guardrails at Angkor Wat. 21 naga guardrails, from the Run Ta-Ek workshop, were transferred to Angkor Wat. Potential restoration project of the western entrance causeway’s naga guardrails at Angkor Wat. Three naga guardrails were carved at Run Ta-Ek workshop. V.3. Development of temples approach areas (parvis) V.3.1. Prasat Phnom Bakheng car park development - Completion of the car park and commercial area plans. Study and design of a plan for four vending stalls exclusive for the community. V.3.2. Development of the car park and commercial area at Prasat Ta Prohm - Study to understand the construction plan of the stalls, of the parking and identification of the location of the restrooms in the western area opposite the site. Identification of the location for a generator, of solar energy equipment and of the rubbish storage area. Study and design of a car park and commercial area to the east of the temple. V.3.3. Phnom Bok development - Study and design of a car park and identification of a location to build the Information Centre. V.3.4. Construction of public bathrooms - Identifying a location to build public bathrooms at Ta Koh. V.3. Archaeology INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session V.3.1. Archaeological research and study of ceramic - - - - - - Archaeological excavations to the northwest of Angkor Wat within the framework of the Italian team’s (IGeS), restoration project, with a view to better understanding the foundation structure before starting any restoration works. Archaeological digs to the south of Angkor Wat in order to better understand the ancient structure and compare it with LiDAR data interpretation discoveries. Archaeological excavations at the eastern temple entrance staircase at Bakong, to better understand the ancient structure before commencing any restoration works. Rescue excavations at the north gate of Preah Khan temple in order to understand the structure of the ancient canal, within the framework of the improvement works of the canal carried out by the Department of Water Resources Management. For future showcasing, archaeological excavations of the ancient CP526 mound in Sala Kanseng district, Svay Dangkum commune. Archaeological digs at the southwest corner of the East Mebon temple to understand the structure of the foundation of the enclosure wall prior to the start of consolidation works at the corner, where a large statue of an elephant stands. To assist the Indian team’s restoration works on the monument, study of the layers of the trenches where the water drainage pipes are set inside the first enclosure, to the south of Ta Prohm. Study of potential access ways to the top of Phnom Bok and surroundings prior to any tourism development of the site. Rescue archaeology excavations in the potential location of the car park to the west of Ta Prohm to identify an area to build public bathrooms. Setting up of a show dig at the Stone Carving Workshop on the Angkor Wat parvis for showcasing to national and international visitors First phase of the archaeological excavations of the Sorsei kiln to acquire data on its dating and identify produced materials with a view to comparing them with other kilns from the region. Analysis of the ceramic unearthed at Sorsei Kilns and classification depending on their features. To date, 50 per cent of the work is completed. Completion of the detailed study, inventory, classification, drawing and listing of ceramic fragments found besides the north-east tower of Lolei, at the eastern entrance of Bakong, of the CP526 ancient mound and of excavations on the south section of Angkor Wat. V.4. Inventory of monument statues - - On the 16th of October, 2014, an inventory began for 86 statues at the Bayon, located to the northeast of the outer gallery and in the central area of the north gallery. 56 informative signs checked at the Bayon, the Terrace of the Elephants, Baphuon and the Leper king Terrace. On the 30th of October, 2014 a head of Shiva and the torso of a goddess (in 12 fragments) were handed over by the CSA Chinese team to be stored at the Preah Norodom Sihanouk Angkor Museum. The Heritage Police Unit has handed over half a colonnette coming from an area near Srah Srang. V.5. International cooperation V.5.1. The APSARA National Authority and the EFEO (French School of Asian Studies) (APSARA National Authority-EFEO) - Collaborative excavations at the Prasat Ong Mong hermitage. Collaborative excavations at Angkor Thom, in the western section, within the framework of the MAFA project spearheaded by Professor Jacques Gaucher. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Within the framework of the extension of the airport, collaborative excavations with INRAP in the Siem Reap International Airport area on behalf of Cambodia Airports. Collaborative excavations 700 metres to the north of the Victory Gate road. Collaborative excavations on the outer wall of Angkor Thom, at southeast Prasat Chrung. Identification and measured drawings of Prasat P64’s (1) foundation, located 400 metres to the south of the Death Gate. V.5.2. The APSARA National Authority and Sydney University (APSARA National Authority-GAP) - Site studies at Kok Rolum (Roluos), Kok Bak, Kok Kanh Chreng (Phnom Krom) and of ancient mounds and settlements in the surroundings of the Angkor Park temples. Study of ceramics from sites located on the ancient roads, of dikes and ancient canals aiming at locating traces of settlements in these areas. Study of the lower part of the surrounding wall of Ta Prohm, where some constructions may have had a religious feature or could have been dwellings. Collaborative excavations at Prasat Prei Khmeng. V.5.3. APSARA National Authority and World Monuments Fund (APSARA National Authority-WMF) - Prasat Phnom Bakheng: . A Shiva linga has been discovered to the South of Phnom Bakheng and CIMAC assisted in the mine clearance of the area. Three pieces of unexploded ordnance were found. . 2,209 stones have been inventoried, of which 399 are stored on site. . A substantial number of stones are missing from the first and second levels, which led to the recycling of 152 stones to fill the gaps on the southeast corner and five stones at the fifth level of the northeast corner. . Digitalisation of data on stone restoration, inventory of stones and design of a plan of 543 fragments of stones scattered in areas ASW and BSE. . Completion of the restoration: of the platform of the northeast corner wall of towers D and B and of the Prasat satellite D12; of the northeast angle C tower, of the Prasat satellite C11 and drawing of a plan of the temple once restoration is completed. . 13 sandstone blocks and eight laterite blocks added in the degraded rocky area of Prasat Satellite C12 and design of a plan on this work. . Completion of the addition of laterite blocks in the foundation of Prasat Satellite B11. . 418 blocks of stones have been used to rebuild the wall of the southeast corner of tower F and 271 laterite blocks added between the bedrock and the wall; restoration of the bedrock by adding 37 laterite blocks consolidated with the use of a 20 centimetre-wide stainless steel bar connected to the bedrock of the hill. . Restoration of the southeast corner Tower E wall by using 324 stone blocks, 59 for Tower F and an additional 165 laterite blocks between the wall and the bedrock. - Prasat Preah Khan: . Reconstruction of the fourth gopura of the East and West gates with 21 courses laid using 15 new stones and 317 ancient stones. . Completion of the restoration work of the laterite wall and of garuda number 38. . Three ancient stone fragments and two new stones have been used to restore the south gate of Prasat Brahma. V.5.4. The APSARA National Authority and the Italian team (APSARA National Authority-IGeS) INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Completion of the construction of a cofferdam and consolidation of the tier foundation. Meeting with Professor Santoro, the leader of the IGeS team, regarding the process to secure the southwest corner brick tower to the outside of the second enclosure of Prasat Bakong. The selected technique will consolidate the structure of the tower using metal rods inserted all around the tower. V.5.5.The APSARA National Authority and the German team for conservation of the stone (APSARA National Authority-GACP) - - Using lime and rods inserted in the depth of the stones, consolidation of the basreliefs; assessment of the level of decay of the stone at Ta Keo. Dismantlement and reassembly of four stairs of two towers at Prasat Bakong then cleaning of the dust and filling of the cracks on colonnettes, lintels, statues, etc. . On-going restoration of the decayed carvings of the northwest brick tower and of the south tower inside the first enclosure of Prasat Bakong. Recording of the data of the stone cleaning process at Prasat Kravan. Installation of moulds to protect statues at Prasat Trapeang Phong. Design of the Risk Maps for Angkor Wat, Koh Ker and other temples. Starting the process of removing the salt from the stone surface at Angkor Wat, in the first gallery (at the centre, eastern span to the southwest) and at the third gallery (at the centre, western and northeast spans, south outer wall). Addition of rods to consolidate the stones at Angkor Wat’s third gallery (north side, northwest and in a small rectangular room). Lime injected in porous areas of the stones to consolidate them and in the third gallery of Angkor Wat (to the centre, western span, outer roof to the south-west side). Filling of the cracks using lime at Angkor Wat’s third gallery (to the west, at the centre, to the northwest, outer roof, small western pediment and to the northeast). V.5.6.The APSARA National Authority and the Chinese team for conservation of Ta Keo (APSARA National Authority-CSA) - Archaeological excavations opposite the north gate, on the northeast side with a view to understanding the structure of the east-west laterite stairs accessing the temple. Restoration of six hazardous structures: the west and north gates, the eastern stair pyramid, the northeast pyramid, the northwest pyramid and the northeast gallery. V.5.7.The APSARA National Authority and the Indian team for conservation of Ta Prohm (APSARA National Authority-ASI) - Restoration of the Hall of Dancers and installation of a water drainage system inside the temple. V.5.8.The APSARA National Authority and the Japanese team for conservation of the Bayon (APSARA National Authority-JASA) - - Restoration of the south gate of Tower 55, of the neighbouring wall of the outer gallery and of the sandstones of the same tower. Search for Tower 55’s missing stones. Archaeological digs with a view to understanding the structure of the stairs leading to Tower 55 and restoration of the naga guardrail and of the lion statues at the south and north of Tower 55. Completion of the restoration and conservation of Tower 57. V.5.9.The APSARA National Authority and the Japanese team for conservation of West Prasat Top (APSARA National Authority-NARA) INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Completion of the archaeological digs to understand the foundation of the temple. Restoration of the platform and consolidation of the south foundation. V.5.10.The APSARA National Authority and the German team for conservation of the stone (APSARA National Authority-GIZ) - - - - Restoration of three naga guardrails, east of Prasat Preah Khan. In cooperation with the National Preah Vihear Authority, implementation of the restoration of the areas damaged by bullets fired by Thai soldiers. In cooperation with a French archaeological team: restoration of the elephant pond, of the lion statue and of the elephant statue at Mount Kulen. Verification of some 2013 restored sites: Prasat Damrei Krab, Prasat Outob, Poeurng Mohaeisei, Prasat Thamr Dab, Prasat Neakta, Prasat Khla Khmum, and the Preah Ko statue. To the east of the central tower of Prasat Phnom Krom, restoration of the apsara statue, of colonnettes of the northeast tower, of the lion statue (head connected to the body and feet) using new sandstones. Restoration of the bas-relief, punching and insertion of rods glued, cleaning of lichens and filling of cracks with lime on the northeast and southeast areas of the Bakong stairs on the second level. Ongoing restoration of the head of the naga at the Tonle Oum Gate of Angkor Thom. Completion of the restoration of the Buddha statue of the Bayon central tower. V.5.11. The APSARA National Authority and the Sophia University Japanese team (APSARA National Authority-Sophia) - Workers and the team of Sophia University have seen to the maintenance of the inner courtyard of Banteay Kdei. V.5.12. Miscellaneous - Completion of the follow up works and blueprint of the conference room of the APSARA National Authority. Completion of the follow up works and detailed plan for the construction of the exhibition hall, bathrooms and enclosure of the Spice Garden. Further improvement of the north and west extension plan of the Spice Garden with the setting up of the butterfly garden, hide and seek garden and waterfall garden. Mowing of the grass and collection of rubbish in temples where the V-Green Company is operating. Cutting of the undergrowth growing on the Angkor Park temples. V.6. Human resources training programme - - Six archaeologists attended training abroad: three in Korea, one in Japan and two in France. Another archaeologist will train for two years in France. Two brick restoration specialists working at Preah Koh trained 16 workers working at the Prasat Kok Chak restoration site. These workers come from Prasat Pre Rup, Prasat Bat Chum and Prasat Kok Chak, Three officers of the department have been trained in brick restoration techniques and restoration site management for brick temples. VI. Department of Water Resources Management VI.1. Water management INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session VI.1.1. Ancient hydraulic structures - Completed works Improvement works for bypass canals. . From the east side of Ta Prohm until the Siem Reap River, a total length of 147 metres. . Opposite the Terrace of the Elephants, 500 metres. . From the Victory Gate through the Death Gate until Toule Oum Gate, 2,000 metres. . From Takao Gate to the Great Lake, 1,300 metres. . From Tonle Oum Gate to the Great Lake, 1,100 metres. . In the enclosure of the Phimeanakas, 100 metres. . In the Preah Khan enclosure, 200 metres and in from the north gate until the south gate, 1,800 metres. Angkor Wat: Improvement of the inlet canals, southwest of the moat and cleaning of water. Angkor Thom: i) Improvement of the southwest dike of the moat using 368 m3 of soil, ii) repair of the southwest dike using 21 m3 of soil. 3,882 m3 of grass planted along the canals of Preah Khan temple and on the banks of the dike at Leang Dai village. Improvement of 62 metres of the Sampeou Loun canal, south of the Angkor Thom moat to supply the Angkor Wat moat with water. Clearing of 1,500 m2 of dead vegetation opposite the Preah Khan visitor platforms. - On-going works Improvement of the existing canal system and of new bypass canals at the Bayon. Study and development of the water bypass system at Preah Khan to prevent any flooding of the access causeway and inside the temple. VI.1.2. Irrigation system - Completed works At Puork: . To ameliorate water management in this area, a study of the different locations was completed. It consisted in the measured drawing of ancient canals (Ô Khlot, Ô Damrei Slab) and of the Puork and Preah Srok rivers, with a view to improving them. . The thickness of the soil to be removed from the canals to be improved has been measured and then a marker has been set in a canal where improvement works need to be continued at Phlung village for a total length of 500 metres. . Meeting with the Daun Keo commune chief to assess the potential impacts of the improvement works of the Ô Khlot canal that will continue the Arak Chhor dike to the Preah Srok River. . Study of bypass canals, from the Korean bypass road, at the Anlong Thlork dike, Nokor Krao village and design of a detailed plan for the improvement project of the Norkor Krao village canals to Preah Srok River. . Surveys have been carried out to check the bed of the canal’s levels and identify the sections to be improved from Ô Khlot until the Puork River, over 500 metres. . Verification of the invert levels to identify the exact location of the construction of three overflows at Lbaek, Ta Snae and Rohal villages, Daun Keo commune. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session At Preah Khan: . Identification of the location and control of the invert levels of the foundation of a new bridge being built on a road located north of the temple. . Measured drawings have been undertaken to verify the invert levels of foundation of a sluice gate being built at Phlung village, Preah Khan. Along the T5 road: . Measured drawings carried out to determine the height of the dike where ducts will be laid along road T5. . Improvement of the T5 road canals from K’aèk bridge over 200 metres so that water on both sides of the road drains more quickly. Study of the detailed plan for improvement of canal infrastructures and of the canal going from Puork River until Srok River. Study of the detailed plan of the closure of the flooding protection dike of the village, over 300 metres. This is to install a round duct in order to build a sluice gate to the east of the Lok Ta Suot dike, Norkor Krao village. VI.1.3. Management of the water table - Measurement of the level of the water table. A regular check of the level of water of the Angkor Park water table is carried out. The measurement is done on 87 selected wells located in 17 villages in Angkor Thom and Banteay Srei districts and in the city of Siem Reap. The levels are measured every morning and the data collated and recorded. - Analysis of the water quality . Every three months, sampling of the water of seven different wells from seven villages of the Angkor Park, to analyse the water table. . Every other week the water of the Siem Reap River water is sampled in three different locations to control its quality and pollution level. . Twice a year, the composition of the water of Siem Reap River is sampled in three different locations. The samples are sent to a laboratory at the Ministry of the Environment in Phnom Penh, as the Department lacks the tools to carry out this type of analysis. . Regular control of the quality of the Angkor Wat moat water, cleaning and removal of surface lichens. The analysis highlighted the absence of pollutants contrary to what had been reported. VI.1.4. Management of floods - Completed works Miscellaneous activities: . Improvements of the Ô Khlot canal over 6,700 meters length, which required the dredging of 150,290 m3 of soil from the bed of the canal. . A road crossing the Takao Gate was fixed over 315 metres. . Enclosing 300 metres of the dike to prevent flooding of Nokor Krao village and construction of 200 meters of round ducts with a sluice gate located east of the Ta Sot dike in Nokor Krao village. Constructions: . Of three manholes at Nokor Krao village. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session . Of a 1 (h) x 1 (w) x 45 (l) metre wooden bridge built in the village of Lbaek, Khum Daunkeo, Puork district. This bridge crosses the first outlet canal and eases traffic for the locals. . Of two wooden bridges: one on the Ta Dike at the village of Nokor Krao, the other at Phlung village. . Of a concrete bridge on the road leading to Phlung to the north of Preah Khan. . Of a 600 (l) x 2 (w) x 0.5-0.7 (h) metre canal to drain water from the first outlet in the village of Lbaek, Daun Keo commune, Puork district. . Of three outlets in the villages of Lbaek, Ta Snae, and Rohal, Daun Keo commune, Puork district. . Of a sluice gate at Phlung village to drain water from Phlung and Leang Dai villages, Leang Dai commune, Angkor Thom district. . At Takao Thmei, a badly damaged sluice gate, following the 2013 floods, has been rebuilt and 150 m2 of grass has been planted on the flanks of the sluice gate. . Study of drainage solutions for floodwater using sluice gates, roads, bridges, dikes and canals. Monitoring of the work: . Construction works of a rice paddy irrigation canal of 2 (w) x 0.5-0.7 (h) metres at Kok Thnoat. This enabled the repair 400 metres of small rice paddy dikes. . Monitoring and follow up of the cutting of the Arak Chhor and Anlong Thlork dikes. . At Daun keo, monitoring of the dredging of a canal and at Lvea, Puork district, from Ô Khlot until Puork and Preah Srok rivers, a total of 5,200 metres adding to the previously improved 6,700 metres. These works are still underway with 30 per cent completed, and will resume once the monsoon is over. . Construction of a sluice gate to the west of Anlong Thlork dike at the village of Pranit. This sluice gate has been fitted with a lock gate and a mechanic system. As soon as the monsoon is over, two stairs on both sides of the sluice gate will be built. 95 per cent of the work is completed. - Ongoing work Monitoring at the Puork River from the Kel dike for two kilometres along the river until the Tonle Sap Lake and at Preah Srok River, from a bridge on National road 6 at Daun Tro village, Lvea commune, Puork district towards the Tonle Sap lake for three kilometres. Ongoing studies: . Drafting of a detailed plan of the outlet and inlet gates at Tonle Snguot, to the west of Preah Khan and of the constructions of two additional sluice gates from Ô Khlot until Puork River at the village of Kok Po, Daun Keo commune, Puork district. . Detail of the improvement works of the Ô Damrei Slab canal, from the corner of the Angkor Thom moat until Puork River, for five kilometres and construction of both a wooden bridge and a concrete bridge. . Development work on the dirt roads on both sides of the canal leading to Preah Srok River for three kilometres; construction of a wooden bridge; fitting of two round ducts; of three square ducts on the road leaving Pranit, Kok Chak commune to the village of Kok Po, Daun keo commune, Puork district. VI.2. Monitoring of air quality VI.2.1. Air Quality monitoring - Regular checking of the air quality analysis device set up at the Sokha ticketing checkpoint. Dust, O3, NO, NO2, NOx and SO2 are the six elements constantly analysed. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - Monitoring of the air quality in the Angkor Park using Gastect Tube bulbs. NO2, SO2 and CO are monitored. The instruments are located in two different locations: inside the ticketing building and at the car park to the west of Angkor Wat. The monitoring lasted seven days. In cooperation with Kanazawa University, three samplings of air were carried out at the Spice Garden, opposite the Angkor Wat temple and the Royal Residence, and then sent to Japan for analysis. VI.2.2. Meteorological data collection - Regular collection of the data provided by the Spice Garden, Kraing Kroch and Phnom Krom stations. Wat Rumchey, Phnom Kulen and Chau Srei Vibol’s data cannot be collected due to the failure of one of the instruments. The monitoring tool installed at Wat Preah Kral (Phnom Kulen) station has been dismantled to be fixed and is now kept at the department office. Repair and installation of new solar tools at Phnom Krom station. Installation of new monitoring devices for precipitation in five different locations. At Wat Preah Kral (Phnom Kulen), Kraing Kroch, Phnom Krom, Wat Slat Rumchey and Chau Srei Vibol stations. Another device is being installed at the Banteay Srei parvis. VI.3. Miscellaneous works: - - A Japanese Quality control (JQA) body has carried out an internal audit of the different departments of the APSARA National Authority on the ISO14001 environment management system at Angkor. The Spice Garden is regularly hosed with water pumped from the Spean Roak Rak station. Monitoring of the construction work for a pumping station close to the lake. Equipment has been installed and the existing water supply system at the APSARA National Authority seat has been fixed and has been operating since the 17th of October 2014, once the water storage tank was cleaned. These works have been completed. VI.4. Special projects VI.4.1. Improvement and development project of the West Baray - Completed works Attending meetings on the use of the water of the West Baray with the Puork district Council and four other local commune authorities (Khum Khnat, Khum Samraong Yea, Khum Keo Poa, Khum Khnat) and the community of farmers using the West Baray’s water. The goal has been to set up good relationships between water managers and users for a better understanding of the community which has had tense relationships with the APSARA National Authority. This meeting was organised in the footsteps of the government decision to entrust the APSARA National Authority, on the 1st of July, 2014, with the management of the sluice gate and irrigation system of the West Baray. The aim was also to clear the air, improve understanding and prevent misconceptions which would lead locals to voice their dissatisfaction in public fora. Drafting of the request for emergency repair of the inlet canal to the east side of the West Baray (water coming from the decanting pond of Takao), as it has partly collapsed due to water seepages. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Measured drawing for the construction of a temporary spillway to the southwest corner of the West Baray and rechecking of the invert levels and consolidation of ancient structures. Completion of the construction of the square ducts and repair of a laterite dirt road over 530 metres from National Road 6 until the West Baray. Three workers are tasked with watering vegetation and planted grass on the flanks and upper areas of the western dike, of the visitor platform at dike 560 at the west and north corners of the Kok Thnaut school and village and at the east visitor platform at the south corner of Kok Tachan village. The patrol and protection unit includes 17 workers and carries out regular checks on the dike, to prevent illegal logging of planted trees and land grabbing. The tree planting and maintenance team of the West Baray dike prunes trees and cares for the 24,718 newly planted and naturally growing trees of the dike to facilitate their growth. 2,000 trees gifted by the Department of Forest Management and Cultural Landscape have been planted around the eastern visitor platform on the east dike at the corner of Kok Tachan village, along the southwest spillway of the west dike and along the road leading to the 60 metre dike. This Unit also completed the repair of the dike road, damaged after heavy rainfall, to smooth traffic. The Unit also cares for 95 trees surrounding the spillway and along the dirt track leading to the 500-metre dike. Control: . Monitoring of the construction of a wooden bridge built by villagers from Phoum Chrei, Sangkat Teuk Vil, on the main outlet canal of the West Baray. The communities requested this bridge and the Community Work Group of the APSARA National Authority provided the wood. . Control of the construction of an outlet to the southwest of the West Baray, with 90 per cent of the work completed. The lower part of the dike of the outlet still needs to be finalised. . Regular monitoring of the level of water of the West Baray: an officer from the department measures twice daily the level of water opposite the outlet gate. Completed repair works: . Of the dike surrounding the West Mebon damaged after last year's floods. . Of a 1,920 metre laterite track on the south dike of the West Baray and on that west of the outlet gate. . Of the outlet gate of the West Baray (installation of metal mesh to catch domestic waste, cleaning of water accumulating in front of the sluice gate, changing the lever of the sluice). . Of Trapeang Khyang’s dike, damaged in some locations, to prevent water seepages. - On-going activities Studies: . Of the shape of the west side of the dike to prepare the ground for repair and consolidation of the dike over 500 metres and the already prepared 560 metre extension of the dike. . Preparation of the documents to repair sections of the dike on both sides of the outlet gate over 500 meters’ length. . Drafting request documentation for the repair of the West Baray’s irrigation system. Works include: improvement of a nine kilometre canal, fitting of sluice gates, meINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session chanical boxes and levers and fixing the upstream and downstream areas of the locks. Measured drawing to design a consolidation project for the dirt road atop the west dike of the Svay Romeat pagoda, to the east of the outlet gate, over 2,845 metres. VI.4.2. Improvement project of the North Baray (Jayatataka) - Completed works Control and inventory with a representative of the users’ community of the hydraulic structures of the irrigation system of the North Baray, in view of their improvement and repair. Repair works: . Of 14 sections of the dike at Leang Dai and Ta Koh villages. Each section of the dike measures 1.5 (h) x 4 (w) x 30 (l) meters. 8,400 m2 of grass have been planted on these 14 sections. . To repair the Ta Som dike and the Leang Dai village dike, 1,202 m3 of soil have been used. 160 m2 of grass and 500 trees have been planted to prevent their erosion. . Repair using laterite of a dirt road leading to the Angkmol pagoda at Leang Dai village over 260 metres with a 4 metre of width. Gardening and plantation: . 15,000 m2 have been cleared and 100 trees planted at the North Baray. . Development works carried out at the experimental station for plants that may protect dikes against erosion (Preah Kahn) and at the experimental station of plant for water sanitation and nursery of young trees for protecting waterways (Kraing Kroch). . The following species have been planted along the nature tour itinerary: 557 m2 of grass, 52 Thkol and 137 Krabao trees; 33 m2 of grass around the water sanitation pond at Kraing Kroch; 650 Reang, 1,344 Kanseng and 720 Angkanh planted along the dike and beside the entrance road to Prasat Neak Poan; 174 Rompeak planted around the rainfall gauge station at Kraing Kroch; 216 Kanseng, 6,351 Beng, 4,354 Kokoh, 260 Angkal, 6,818 Reang, 4,215 K’ngaok, 880 Loeurng Reach, 254 Roluos Bai, 2,953 Krabao, 1,890 Angkanh and 300 Koki have been replanted. 350 plastic bags to protect the plants have been changed on young Smach trees in the nursery. Guarding and security: . The daytime unit in the east dike includes 10 rangers patrolling the North Baray from 7 a.m. until 6 p.m., with 8 rangers patrolling at night time, from 6p.m. until 7 a.m. This unit intercepts any illegal activities such as logging along the dike, hunting and fishing. They also assist in the watering of small plants at the Preah Khan nursery, in opening and closing the Ta Som, Phlong, Leang Dai and Angk’maol sluice gates and that of canal A, of the canal leading to Phnom Bok, of the Reach Dak bridge and in checking water infiltration of the dikes at the North Baray at the corner with Prasat Ta Som until Phnom Bok. . The unit guarding the sluice gates comprises of four members. They monitor and control the level of water, see to the opening and closing of the locks at Angkor Thom (south-west and north-west corners), at Dei Chhnang, Death and Tonle Oum Gates, at Sampeou Loun east of Angkor Wat, at Trapeang Khyang, Ô Khlot and Ô Damrei Slab and of the sluice gate at Takao gate. This is to prevent opening of the gates and locks by ill-intentioned individuals at night. They are guarded between 3 p.m. and 7 a.m. The guards are also on hand to close and open the locks when needed. - On-going activities Implemented studies: INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session . On five sections of damaged dikes at Phlong village and at the Anlong Andong bridge for future repairs. . Design of a detailed plan for a lock at the North Baray and another on the Dei Sor road (Leang Dai village). . Of a North Baray water drainage system furthered by the construction of a lock gate to both regulate and let water out. In-depth study of the improvement works of a 1,360 metre canal to the south of the North Baray and of the repair of the seeping dike of Preah Khan at Kraing Kroch. . Detailed study of the construction works of a dike parallel to an older one over 2,000 metres at the villages of Phlung and Leang Dai and of the construction of one water run-off canal at the Phlung village to drain water from the village during the monsoon. On-going study to analyse the stratigraphy of Prasat Phnom Bei to acquire more knowledge on the relationship between the hydraulic system and the temple. VI.4.3. Angkor Heritage Management Framework The cooperation with an Australian team of consultants within the framework of the Angkor Heritage Management Framework terminated in late 2013, but cooperation is still on-going (until 2014) with UNESCO on the Risk Map components and pilot projects as defined in the base plan. - Tourism Management Plan of the Angkor site This project component was suggested by the APSARA National Authority and has been approved by the Angkor-ICC. A Unit composed of young officers from different departments is focusing on the implementation of the Tourism Management Plan at the Angkor site. - Four pilot projects: Beng Mealea: The presidency approved the Working Group proposal to build two sluice gates: one to the southwest and that other to the southeast of the temple and to develop tourism infrastructures. The Risk Map Group is studying potential safety risks for visitors when touring the temple. The new design itinerary should enrich the visit with new vistas of the temple and its surroundings. Tour itinerary of the North Baray: Besides the design of a tour itinerary, the Working Group has also trained and established a community (the cooperative community for tourism development of the Jayatataka Baray) engaging members of the local population living in the villages around the Baray (Phlung and Leang Dai, Angkor Thom district). Visitors can also use canoes and the community is overseeing the organisation with a view to generating additional income. The project is running smoothly and has been considered as a model to be replicated on the Banteay Srei site within the community benefiting projects framework. Monitoring of the air quality The Working group has completed the installation of automatic analyses of the air quality at the office of the Department of Water Resources Management on route 60 m. After the APSARA National Authority offices moved to the new premises, the Working Group, in cooperation with the University of Kanazawa in Japan, dismantled the instruments and remounted them at the Angkor ticketing checkpoint managed by Sokha Hotel. Technicians are constantly monitoring the station. In the area of the new APSARA National Authority seat, the air is little polluted, as it is far from the city centre and dense traffic. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Sunset at Angkor The Working group has identified several sites where tourists may enjoy beautiful sunsets. Brochures and a dedicated website have been designed to facilitate the visit and enlarge the offer to national and international visitors. A location to the east of the West Baray (former inlet canal of the Takao Gate) has been selected as a new site to enjoy sunsets. New alternative sites aim at relieving the pressure on the most visited temples at this peak hour for visits. Visitor platforms have been built and visitors have started using them. To be developed are access roads, cycle lanes and car parks. Some land-titling issues are still pending resolution with the locals. - Monument Risk Map Research and study of the documentation on previous works for the restoration of the Angkor site from 1908 until 1973: old pictures and plans of monuments have been found. For the first time, condition survey cards of the Angkor Thom surrounding wall and the Terrace of the Elephants have been completed. In order to design the Risk Map, three test-pits have been dug at the Elephant terrace, at Neak Poan and on the east side of the Angkor Thom wall, with the objective of gaining a better understanding of the structure of the monuments’ foundations. The outcomes will be used for potential restoration and water run-off works on the monuments. Angkor Thom wall . The collapsed areas of the wall have been recorded: there are 22 locations where condition survey cards and archaeological risks have been drafted (exact location, photos, description of the condition). . Completion of the archaeological excavations to the southeast Prasat Chrung: a total of nine digs with three large trenches dug to better understand the temple structure and the Angkor Thom wall. . Manual clearance of the vegetation and of the upper surface of the wall over three kilometres. . Monitoring of the risks and evolution of the three kilometre long works on the eastern wall and of the completed works (ATW39 and ATW49). . Location and condition survey cards have been drafted for the three kilometre long section of the wall. . Consolidation of the Death Gate: as it is in a serious state of decay, the Working Group has undertaken strengthening works of the elephant statues on three sides of the gate and tightened the belting of the Brahma faces. . Takao Gate consolidation: due to heavy traffic through this door, consolidation of the Gate and of the Brahma and elephant statues has been carried out. . Consolidation of the southeast Prasat Chrung: the entrance gate of the temple has been strengthened with a concrete doorframe and a metallic cable is now belting the east and west towers, and the facade stoned wall showing large gaps has been consolidated using bricks. Neak Poan . Completion of the copy of the temporary plan of the Singha tower. . Completion of the first phase of work, with four trenches dug to better understand the foundation of the water run-off system linked with the south pond of Neak Poan. A restoration project will be designed depending on the outcomes of these research works. Phimeanakas . Consolidation of a corner of a temple of the third platform using clay to consolidate the impermeability of the temple surfaces. Elephant Terrace: Four trenches have been excavated during the first phase and the technical report is being drafted. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - On-going activities Studies: . Of the upper level of Phimeanakas to find the water run-off canal; use of clay to fill cracks and prevent water infiltration into the inner structure of the temple. . Of the Neak Poan: planning to prepare a conservation project of the south tower (Singha), and to gather documentation on archaeological excavations with a view to researching the structure of the pond foundation located south of the temple. Consolidation of the waterproofing of the structures using clay and design of the plans of the Death and Takao Gates and of the southeast Prasat Chrung with a view to carrying out a static analysis and preparing a conservation project. Drafting of the technical documentation of the Angkor Thom wall and of Beng Mealea temple to be circulated to the relevant technical departments to further conservation works. Archaeological digs: . Ongoing excavations at point number 4 of the Risk Map, where erosion has occurred. This aims at better-understanding the structure of the foundation of the wall and ancient construction techniques to later restore the damaged areas. The Working Group is researching and collecting documentation on Neak Poan to establish condition survey cards and is drafting the Risk Map for this temple. . In early 2015, the Working Group is planning to commence the second phase of the archaeological excavations of the Elephant Terrace and Neak Poan in order to detail the study of the structure of these two monuments and thereby contribute to their consolidation and restoration works. These excavation works will also assist in solving the water run-off issue for these two monuments. Besides this, the Working Group has started risk studies for Chau Srei Vibol and Banteay Samre temples and the design of itinerary tours at the temple of Beng Mealea, where some wooden planks are in a dire condition and a hazard to visitor safety. The new itinerary should enable visitors to enjoy new experiences on the upper and inner sections of the temple. VI.4.4. Sanitation and water management project in the Angkor area (PAAGERA) - Completed works A memorandum of understanding was signed between the APSARA National Authority and French partners in December 2013. . Within the framework of the implementation of this project, systems to automatically collect data have been installed on several sluice gates and waterways of the Angkor Park. They will help with improving management of water resources in times of monsoon or dry seasons. The project plans to soon equip the locks with an automatic closing and opening system using remotely controlled commands and without the need for manual involvement on site. . During the first phase, the French partners have sent experts to train members of the Working Group. This has led to the fitting of automatic water gauging devices in four locations: at the bridge of Preah En Kosei pagoda, at Ta Som sluice gate, at Banteay Srey Bridge and at the wooden bridge of the River of a Thousand Lingas (Phnom Kulen). Rainfall gauging tools at Preah Kral pagoda (Phnom Kulen) and at Kraing Kroch station have also been installed. The collected data is automatically sent to the storage centre rendering any human activity redundant. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session . During the second phase, the French partners sent 14 automatic water level gauging instruments and the Working Group was able to install them without outside help. Moreover, nine units have already been installed at the south moat of Angkor Wat temple, at the sluice gates of Ô Khlot, at the northwest corner of Angkor Thom, at Ta Niev, at the North Baray, at the West Baray, at the Roluos Bridge, at Sala Kravan and Wat Prei bridges. Three rainfall-gauging devices have been installed at the Phnom Krom station, at Slat Rumchei pagoda and Chau Srei Vibol temple. . For the next phase, the project established a Committee to select a consultancy firm which will be tasked with carrying out thorough studies on the technique, sustainability and benefits of the project for the Angkor Siem Reap region. The selected consultancy will base its feasibility study on the data collected by installed devices in the aforementioned 20 stations. After a first round of tenders four firms have been selected from the eight that bid. The Paris Working Group and the French Agency for Development (AFD) office in Phnom Penh will be consulted before finalising the selection process. - On-going activities On-going installation of the automatic water level gauging devices at the Angkor Thom south gate and rainfall gauging device being set at the Banteay Srei parvis. VI.4.5. Run Ta-Ek ecovillage development project (phase 3) - Completed works . Watering and gardening care of the grass and plants around the lake and regular cleaning of the areas around the lake and in the village. . 115 m3 of soil used to fill areas eroded due to rainfall, and cutting of 51,500 m2 of grass around the ponds of the village. . Installation of 13 ducts to improve water run-off during the monsoon at Chealea Thom village. . The water level is regularly gauged and monitored at the Chealea Thom Lake and at eight wells of Run Ta-Ek commune. . 190 meters of canal dug to drain excess water off the lake and village. . 1,574 m2 of grass planted on the flanks of the canal to protect it from erosion. . 176 meters of the Run Ta-Ek circular road have been repaired, as have two manholes and a windmill. 15 m3 of soil used to repair the damaged stretches of the Dei Sor road leading to the APSARA National Authority henhouse. - On-going activities . Study of the water run-off system at Run Ta-Ek to plan improvement works, as some areas had collapsed after flooding, which also damaged number of dikes and roads . Study on the improvement and installation of eight ducts on the circular road of the village and on the improvement of a three-kilometre canal north of the village at Chealea Toch Lake which would supply Run Ta-Ek ecovillage with water. VII. The Department of Tourism Development in Angkor The Department is staffed as follows: . 1 deputy director general, . 3 deputy directors of the department, . 44 employees, . 150 tourism control officers. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session VII.1. Completed works - Drafting of 198 free Angkor Park entrance authorisation letters; Drafting of 102 free Angkor Park dinner show organisation authorisation letters. VII.1.1. Statistics and tourism planning - Control of the Angkor Park ticketing which 2014 data is the following: Month Number of visitors Increase percentage period on period from 2013 Total revenue in US$ JanuaryOctober 1,643,657 2.57% 47,387,500 Increase percentage of revenue period on period from 2013 4.25% Miscellaneous INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Number of delegations and researchers entitled to complimentary access to the Angkor Park. 2014 JanuaryOctober 2014 JanuaryOctober Number of delegates 5,387 Number of days Number of searchers 639 Number of days re- 381 35,316 Number of delegates/days 8,024 Number of researchers/days VII.1.2. Monitoring of visitors and itineraries - - - - The managers of site tourism officers organise monthly meetings to solve any arising issues and to bolster the efficiency of their assignment by improving collaboration with the Department of the Conservation of Monuments’ police, the Heritage Police Unit and the Tourism Police Unit. They subsequently drafted a report sent to the management. Cooperation with the Heritage Police Unit in the sites of the Angkor Park to reduce the number of children approaching tourists to sell them souvenirs. Control of the authorisation papers for shooting, videoing and filming done with professional materials for commercial use. 15 visitors were caught red-handed and sent to the service centre of the APSARA National Authority to request authorisation. The Department helped 12 visitors to find their lost/stolen belongings and to file complaints with the unit of the tourism police. Tourism control officers cooperated with the units of the Heritage and Tourism Police to rescue visitors who had accidents and evacuate them via ambulance to the hospital. Fourteen visitors were injured when slipping or falling from stairs. Eight visitors had vertigo and fell ill. Five visitors stumbled or fell and had head injuries. Nine visitors displayed non-ethical behaviour. Besides any routine visitor-related issues, a recurring problem is that of the congestion at the western side of Angkor Wat due to three highly visited areas inside the monument: the Churning of the Sea of Milk gallery, the Thousand Buddha Gallery and the Bakan Tower. VII.1.3. Monitoring of quality and tourism norms - - - - A commercial area has been earmarked for the sole use of the locals and has been cordoned off at the Thommanon. The Heritage and Tourism Police units and the forces of the Department of Public Order and Cooperation cooperating with the Bakong district police have taken measures to stop domestic animals wandering in the perimeter of the temple. The tower of Bakan at Angkor Wat has been reopened to the public and there has been no major issue to report on. The team of the Department collaborating with the team of the Department of Conservation of the Angkor Monuments and Rescue Archaeology has cleared and cut undergrowth around the Bakan tower. The Department cooperated and coordinated with 16 national and international film production companies in the Angkor Park with the aim to promote tourism in the Kingdom of Cambodia. The team responsible for Phnom Bakheng has informed visitors on a regular basis on: . Not allowing visitors wearing shorts and sleeveless shirts to enter the temple premises, INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session . The no-smoking policy. . Not being allowed to use professional cameras. . Not to use of camera tripods that may damage the stones, - The team also: . Regulates the traffic on the steps leading to the top of the monument, . Makes sure that the maximum capacity of 300 visitors at the temple is respected, . Sees to visitors using only the south stairs to ascend, . Counts the number of visitors, . Closes the tower climb at 5.30 p.m., . Prohibits any children from selling souvenirs. VII.1.4. 7 Makara Electric Cars Unit Revenue of the rentals from electric cars (January-October 2014) 2014 Jan-Oct Receipts in US$ 58,196 Source of income - Monthly rental - Daily rental - Ticket sale - Voucher sale Miscellaneous Total of visitors: 22,365 VII.2. Shortcomings - - - The information campaigns on the role of the APSARA National Authority and on the Royal Government’s policies for the conservation and development of the Angkor site have yet to reach the public, notably those working in the tourism industry. Regarding training: the abilities, knowledge, experience and technical level of some of the staff of the Department need to be addressed. They require additional training. The international level information campaign on the tourism potential of the Angkor site remains limited, which consequently also limits the growth of the number of visitors and slows down growth in tourism sector-related investments. Tourism-related information at Angkor (directional signs, informative panels, tourism brochures and internet sites) do not meet the needs of tourism development. The Department does not have sufficient material to carry out its assignments, for example walkie-talkies in case of accidents or several issues arising in the monuments. Moreover, Tourism control officers have yet all to receive their uniforms. VII.3. Perspective - - Setting up four times a year a session of programmes for tourism control officers so that they are aware of their roles and responsibilities, in particular when hosting visitors. To continue to forbid the sale of souvenirs by children inside the monuments so that they do not disturb visitors. To take measures to prohibit filming and shooting or any other commercial activities without prior authorisation from the APSARA National Authority. Drafting of other regulations on tourism management inside the Angkor site and sites under the responsibility of the APSARA National Authority. VIII. Department of Order and Cooperation VIII.1. Activities to stop illegal constructions in the Angkor site - 43 occurrences of owners accepting to demolish their constructions. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - 52 occurrences of owners accepting to halt construction. 10 cases of construction materials evacuated by the owners before intervention of the forces; 31 occurrences of intervention of the forces to halt constructions. Complaints have been filed with the provincial tribunal: 6 cases of dismantlement of the constructions ordered by the tribunal. 4 cases of owners accepting to dismantle after a complaint was filed. 16 cases of on-going complaints. Two cases of complaints pending decision of the Court of Appeal. VIII.2. Interventions to secure order in the temples - Angkor Wat: 117 cases . . . . . - Angkor Thom: 97 cases . . . . . - 16 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. 58 cases of contracts signed with stall owners. 34 cases of hawker goods confiscated. 1 case of stall goods confiscated. 8 cases of prevention of offences. 13 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. 35 cases of contracts signed with stall owners. 3 cases of hawker goods confiscated. 11 cases of stall goods confiscated. 35 cases of prevention of offences. Ta Prohm : 27 cases . 14 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. . 10 cases of hawker goods confiscated. . 3 cases of prevention of offences. - Banteay Srei parvis: 14 cases . 11 cases of hawker goods confiscated. . 3 cases of prevention of offences. - Phnom Bakheng: 41 cases . 38 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. . 3 cases of prevention of offences. - Preah khan: 33 cases . 33 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. - Neak Poan: 2 cases . 2 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. - Pre Rup: 5 cases . 5 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Banteay Kdei: 26 cases . 5 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. . 3 cases of hawker goods confiscated. . 18 cases of prevention of offences. - Lolei: 3 cases . 3 cases of contracts signed with hawkers. VIII.3. Fire hazards Two fires to report in 2014 in the Angkor site. VIII.4. Acting in cooperation against acts of illegal constructions in the Cultural and Tourism City Since October 2014, the Department has been cooperating with the provincial authorities in order to proceed with the wilful dismantling of construction in 12 occurrences and to stop constructions with intervention of forces in one case. VIII.5. Intervention on illegal activities in Run Ta-Ek ecovillage - 9 cases of undergrowth clearance. 8 cases of rice farming; 6 cases of halting new constructions. IX. Department of Management of Forestry, Cultural Landscape and the Environment. IX.1. Forest management IX.1.1. Tree inventory - At Preah Khan: 1,624 trees of 89 species; At Ta Prohm: 986 trees of 84 species; At Banteay Kdei; 428 trees of 58 species; At Angkor Wat: 217 trees; At the APSARA National Authority seat: 4,263 trees recorded; Research on data regarding names and tree species growing at Preah Khan, Banteay Srei and Angkor Wat: 384 trees of 120 species. IX.1.2. Planting: - At Mondul Bei nursery: 39 species of medicinal plants; At the spice garden: 934 plants; 20,000 trees along the Siem Reap River inside the Angkor Park and in the APSARA National Authority nurseries. 35,000 different seedlings replanted in the three APSARA National Authority nurseries. 3,317 young trees planted around the ponds of the APSARA National Authority seat. IX.1.3. Management: INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - - Following soil improvement work, trees have been monitored over an area covering 215.5 hectares. The young plants are growing well, reaching 0.3 to 1 metre. Maintenance of 15 firebreak paths across 17,866 metres in the Angkor Park. 3,546 hectares of free and dry land in Samrong village, Leang Dai commune (zones 1 and 2) have been studied. Out of all the people living in this area, six households did not agree to take part in replanting activities without any incentives. Fixing of 36 labelling tags on palm trees at Angkor Wat. 24,730 young trees distributed to public institutions, schools, pagodas and communes. IX.2. Cultural landscape management IX.2.1. Design of the Vegetation Risk Map - - - Inventory of 1,680 so-called risk trees: 460 trees are labelled as high risk, and 1,220 normal. These trees are found in 15 temples of the Angkor Park, along the Baphuon, Preah Palilay, Phsar Yeang Thom, Trapeang Seh, North Baray and Oeuv Laok Village tours. Design of 12 Forest Risk Maps at the Banteay Kdei, Kravan, Ta Nei, Baksei Chamkrong, Takeo, Ta Prohm, Batchum, Phimeanakas temples, and along the Baphuon, Preah Palilay, Pre Rup, East Mebon oriental and Ta Som tours. After a request from DCMAP, a team has carried out an emergency survey of ten risk trees at Preah Khan, Banteay Prei, Neak Poan, Ta Som temples and along the “Big Circuit”. IX.2.2. Maintenance and upkeep - - - Pruning and cutting of trees: I) Pruning of 1,141 trees in the Angkor Park; ii) cutting of 73 palm tree leaves (63 palm trees west of Angkor Wat and ten at the Bayon); iii) cutting of 1,007 felled trees inside the Angkor Park. Tree care: I) 458 trees in the temples and along the tours; ii) 161 trees have been cared for again inside the Angkor Park; iii) watering of young trees, flowers and grasses along Road 60m, at Spean Neak and Spean Angkor, on the Korean ring road, at Prasat Prei, on the square west of Angkor Wat, at Prasat Ta Nei, on the west parvis of Ta Prohm and at the Tani ceramic Museum site using 272 water cisterns; iv) planting of 649 poles on both sides of the temples to prevent cars from parking and v) planting of 36 sakura trees. Maintenance: I) Following a request from the Department of Conservation of Sites outside Angkor, after the fall of stone fragments into a waterway blocking it, the stones were removed at the Ta Ong Bridge; and ii) watering of pavements opposite Angkor Wat and around the Bayon using 109 water cisterns. IX.4. Protection of the environment IX.4.1. Surveillance - - Patrolling the Angkor Park: A total of 54 checks were carried out and prevented two tentative land grabs, and stopped vegetation clearance, and illegal fire wood cutting (contracts have been signed with the offenders who committed to never repeat their misdemeanours). VGreen company waste collection and transportation: Out of 34 checks carried out, 25 occasions of non-complying with waste storage were recorded, leading to the VGreen Company being ordered to re-clean. IX.4.2. Awareness raising activities: INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - 21 awareness and education sessions on the environment, hygiene and the value of the role played by the Angkor Park forest were presented to 787 monks and dwellers (of which 503 were women). Awareness raising campaign for the residents, school children, monks and forces living in the Angkor Park on reforestation, with 2,910 young trees planted. IX.5. On-going works - - Tree inventory in Angkor Wat: Tree related activities: I) Tree labelling cards fixed at Preah Khan temple; ii) young trees planted in nurseries; iii) planting of young trees, adult palm trees and flowers at the APSARA National Authority’s premises; iv) reforestation of open spaces in the Angkor Park; v) maintenance of trees located at the foot of the surrounding walls of Angkor Thom and Phnom Bakheng; vi) felling and pruning of trees at Preah Khan, Prasat Prei, at the Preah Vihear of Prampi Lveng and at the foot of the Angkor Thom walls; vii) finally, collection of tree seeds of different species. Awareness raising and education campaigns for the population; Surveys of fallow and dry lands in Banteay Samre area; Regular patrols checking illegal activities; Awareness raising and education on the environment and hygiene at the village of Trapeang Ses and in commercial zones of the Angkor Park; Monitoring of waste collection and transportation. IX.5. Issues - - Recurring lack of manpower in nurseries, as workers have resigned despite an increase of the daily wage to 12,000 riel. Lack of resources and materials for tree felling and pruning activities throughout the 401 km2 Park. Land owners refuse reforestation of their fallow lands. The Department lacks qualified manpower: forest, landscape and environment management specialists are in need of training so that they may meet international standards. Valuable projects regarding the improvement of the protected forest which have been submitted to the management are, after two years, yet to be financed, notably the maintenance of firebreaks. IX.6. Outlook The determination and commitment of the staff of the Department produced results superseding the planned outcomes. All assignments have been fulfilled. X. Department of Agriculture and Community Development The department’s main activities have been: Bio-farming research; Dissemination of the outcomes of research to supported villages located in the Angkor Park; Consolidation of the communities through saving groups. X.1. Bio farming research The transition between conventional farming (using chemicals) and bio farming is delicate, as yield decreases put off farmers. Thereby, the department has designed simplified farmINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session ing techniques, increasing yield whilst using local products. In 2014, the results have been the following: - Combined use of compost and KEM (Khmer Effective Micro-organisms) and of compost and KEM + Chromoleana odorata, a weed found in truck farming. Obviously the compost and the KEM must be made adequately. - In the rice fields, the leaves of Cassia siamensis, a fast growing plant used for firewood, have been used (to fight against timber cutting in the forest). These green fertilisers have successfully replaced urea. X.2. Dissemination of the research outcomes Constituting groups: Poultry farming with KEM; SRI (System of Rice Intensification), new rice farming technique; Bio market gardening; Compost: This group has been using the compost making- technique set up by the department. - In 2014 the following groups were supported: . . . . 40 26 28 33 poultry raising groups, including 624 members. SRI groups, with194 members. compost groups, representing 173 members; bio market gardening groups, representing 354 members. Overall: 127 groups representing 1,345 members. Commune Poultry Amount 1 Siem Reap 2 Bakong 3 Angkor Thom 4 Puork 5 Banteay Srei KEM SRI Number Amount of people Number of people Compost Amount Number of people Bio vegetable Amo Number unt of people 6 6 6 80 112 127 5 6 53 21 1 4 6 6 28 21 4 6 6 28 69 127 16 6 215 90 10 5 85 35 12 5 90 28 12 5 90 40 X.3. Consolidation of the communities through saving groups. The flagship activity of the department is the saving group activity. In previous reports, it has been mentioned that in general members of saving groups have praised the APSARA National Authority, as they have been benefiting from positive outcomes of the project set up for this activity. The need to maintain its smooth operation is necessary. The situation of the saving groups as of the 31st of December, 2014 was the following: Commune 1 Siem Reap Amount 2 Number of people 24 Capital (riel) 4,122,200 INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session 2 3 4 5 Bakong Angkor Thom Puork Banteay Srei Total 5 5 17 5 33 89 123 391 131 750 16,324,000 31,361,156 386,257,300 59,723,200 498,287,856 riel or US$ 121,534 X.4. Study of the soil at the APSARA National Authority’s new premises Apart from a few species, the trees planted at the APSARA National Authority grow with difficulty. In order to analyse the reasons for this, 60 one-metre deep test-pits (3-4 in front of each buildings) have been dug, to sample the soil. Three quarters of the analysed soil show an impermeable, clayish topsoil, potentially causing water excess in the monsoon and preventing the growth of plants. Usually, the clay is located at least 1 metre below the topsoil. The digging of the huge water reservoir could have brought this clay back to the surface. Recommendations: - To plant essences that can grow in this type of soil; Build drainage systems; Sufficient watering in the dry season. XI. Angkor International Centre for Documentation and Research XI.1. Research fields XI.1.1. Drafting Memorandum of Understandings between the APSARA National Authority and: - - - The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS)’s archaeological research on the first foundations of the Khmer Empire at Phnom Kulen, signed on 28/02/2014; The University of Sydney’s Greater Angkor Project 2014-2016, signed on 30/07/2014; The Universities of New England (Australia), of Hawaii-Manoa (USA), and Santa Clara (USA) on Khmer Stoneware Production and Exchange Research Project, signed on 21/07/2014 ; The Groupe de Recherches et d’Echanges Technologiques (Le GRET), Collaboration in research and agro-ecology signed in January 2014. XI.1.2. Application of the 3D images project In collaboration with Tokyo University, the Department has been tasked with the monitoring of the digital archiving through the 3D Images Project of the temple of Angkor Wat, using 3D Laser Sensor System to scan the galleries of the Angkor Wat bas-reliefs. XI.1.3. Inscriptions rubbing This activity was done at the Roluos group of monuments for forthcoming publication. XI.1.4. Setting up the Centre of Ceramic Research and Conservation INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Thanks to the Smithsonian Institute’s financial and technical support, international experts trained Cambodian experts at the CIRDA in December of 2014. XI.1.5. Training given by Professor Ang Choulean Professor Ang Choulean gave inscription reading lessons (twelve sessions this year) with the solid attendance of the APSARA National Authority staff. XI.1.6. Conferences on Khmer culture and civilisation National experts have presented conferences and seminars on 19 topics to the APSARA National Authority staff and general public. XI.1.7. Training in the use of LiDAR data From August the 11th until the 29th 2014, 12 young technicians from seven APSARA National Authority departments attended training on the use of LiDAR data, according to their respective departments. The University of Sydney supported and contributed to this training. XI.1.8. Publication of Angkor Wat inscriptions Professor Ang Choulean’s research will soon be published, thanks to subsidies granted by the Centre for Khmer Studies (CKS). XI.1.9. Bibliographical research Dr Oilivier Cunin was assigned by the APSARA National Authority to carry out bibliographical research in order to re-establish all the restoration and conservation stages of the main monuments of the Angkor Archaeological Park. A report on the history of the works carried out at Banteay Srei has been sent to the APSARA National Authority. XI.3. Documentation Centre XI.3.1. Establishment of the archives unit - - - A server and the AtoM software (Access to memory) have been installed to record and store the database of the archives of the centre. Existing documents have been classified according to the following criteria: i) Royal decrees and national and international legislation related to the APSARA National Authority; ii) ICC-Angkor reports; iii) historically valuable documents, such as excavation and restoration reports before 1980, rubbings, archaeological plans and maps, microfilms, etc. iv) reports on internal training and conferences; v) history of the establishment of the library and archives; vi) 2011 (when the Centre was established) administrative documentation; vii) archaeological work reports and viii) books published before 2000. Research of existing documentation in other APSARA National Authority departments or through the Internet, as is the case for some royal decrees. These archives will be posted on the net for consultation by all before the end of 2014. They will include: 64 MoUs (Memoranda of Understanding); 53 archaeological reports (post 200); 25 historical publications; 14 files on the establishment of the library; 8 reports on ancient archaeological works. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session XI.3.2. Documentation management - - Restoration of 160 older documents (protective covers and Dewey code labels changed, title labels glued to the back of some copied documents, etc.) Scanning to PDF of 40 historical, worn books. More than 3,700 pages which have been stored in the server and on CDs for reader access. US$499 was earmarked to the purchase of 19 new history and art history books on Cambodia. Other documentation has been given by individual donors or national and international bodies (97 copies) and also 76 register booklets of the 2014 royal decrees. Old and new documentation has been inventoried and recorded in the PMB catalogue (520 titles). XI.3.3. Library - - In March of 2014, the library reopened after relocation. Dr Pou Thonevath trained librarians from June 1st until July 15th, 2014. Dr. Lee Sang Min (from the Department of National Archives of South Korea) trained the staff on basic archiving techniques and on the use of electronic instruments (AtoM) from the 9th until the 13th of June, 2014. 66 readers came to the library (APSARA National Authority staff and international researchers). Before the end of 2014, the complete catalogue of the library will be posted on the Internet by computer technicians. In the meantime, only people located at the Centre of the APSARA National Authority can access the intranet by typing in the following address 10.5.48.16. XII. Department for the Development of the Urban Heritage of Siem Reap XII.1. Achieved and ongoing activities XII.1.1. Urban development project - Review and recommendations on construction projects Ms. Kong Sing filed a request for the construction of a petrol station in the village of Kor Kranh, Siem Reap commune. Mr. Hong Pheng filed a request for the construction of a petrol station in the village of Sosor Sdom, commune of Sorsor Sdom, Puork District, Siem Reap province. Authorisation was granted to the Military police regarding the collection of dirt extracted from a pond located on APSARA National Authority land. Mrs. Sok Im filed a request to build a souvenir shop and a restaurant in the village of Wat Bo, Salakamroeuk commune, Siem Reap. Ms. Ly Hong filed a request to build villas and shop houses in the village of Krous, Svay Dangkum commune, Siem Reap. Mr. Chhourn Vathna and Ms. Bou Sotheary filed a request to build a petrol station in the village of Pongro, Kandèk commune, Bakong, Siem Reap. Mr. Chheang Srieng and Ms. Khleang Lay filed a request to build a petrol station in the village of Chrey, Sandek commune, Bakong, Siem Reap. Mr. Tan Bunsam and Ms. Yun Sokleang filed a request to build a petrol station in the village of Kbal Cham, Charchhouk commune, Angkor Thom, Siem Reap. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Mr. Khim Finan and Ms. Khieng Kateka filed a request to build a hotel in the village of Wat Bo, Salakamroeuk commune, Siem Reap. Mr. Sokhavann and Ms. Him Yon Sunnaline filed a request to build the Sokhalay hotel in the village of Kasekam, Srange commune, Siem Reap. - Projects being reviewed A Japanese volunteer has studied and updated a block plan for Siem Reap town with a view to obtaining funding from the Japanese government. He also presented to the APSARA National Authority and Siem Reap provincial authority staff on: i) Japanese urban development; ii) the land registry modification system in Japan and iii) land use planning and the building law of Japan. - Signs in Siem Reap Inventory and collection of the content of outdoor advertising displays and of signs located along the Old Market Street, along the street west of Siem Reap River, as these signs have a negative impact on the heritage area of Siem Reap. Signs put up at the APSARA National Authority: Monitoring of the installation by Preah Pisnukar Company of four signs at the APSARA National Authority seat. - Design of a garden map at the APSARA National Authority seat. Design of a garden made up of ponds and kiosks where young trees will be planted. - Checking buildings and electrical installation Estimate of emergency repairs for all the APSARA National Authority buildings. - Angkor Wat parvis works (Phase II) Completion of the first phase of construction of the Angkor Wat parvis car park by the Green Angkor Culture Inc. Company. Monitoring the foundation works of Phase II carried out by the same Company. - Control of buildings In collaboration with the Department of Land Use Planning, Urbanisation and Construction and the Department of Land Registry of Siem Reap Province, control of nonurban standard complying constructions in Svay Dangkum and Salakamroeuk communes, Siem Reap. With the representative of the Ministry of Land Use Planning, Urbanisation and Construction, monitoring of the construction site of the Metro Polis Company in the village of Phnhea Chey, Commune of Svay Dangkum, Siem Reap. - AIMF and SIAAP projects Continuation of the wastewater treatment system: in cooperation with the Salakamroeuk commune chief, maintenance of the irrigation canals and education of the locals on the maintenance of the decanting ponds. XII.1.2. Cultural and Tourism City activities - Approval of constructions in the Cultural and Tourism City. Approval of the construction of a car park at the Visitor centre. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Request for authorisation to start construction work for a brick fence surrounding 23 hectares of land. The Company S&MDC Co., Ltd filed a permit request to build a large shop selling cultural and tourism products. - Land registry (measuring and checking land boundaries) Measurement and control of the boundary of the Visitor Centre’s land and of the land leased to S&MDC Co., Ltd Company to ensure proper registration of the lands. To check the property boundaries, measurement of the 40,860 m2 land leased to Cambodia Guide Publishing Co. Ltd Company. To check the property boundaries, measurement of the 210,743 m2 land leased to J&R Import Export Construction Company. XII.2. Special projects achieved and on-going activities XII.2.1. Design of the plans of the departments and of provincial institutions Continuing the studies of the detailed architectural plans regarding the construction of 26 administrative departments of Siem Reap province, implemented by the Kam Tran Ship Co. Ltd. Company. Works completed are: . . . . Working site fenced; Vegetation clearance and cleaning of land for readiness of the site. Checking 15- metre drilling tests to analyse the nature of the working site’s soil. Checking the boundaries of the land with the Kam Tran Ship Co. Ltd Company. XII.2.2. Pedestrian area development On-going work on the development of pedestrianised areas and planting of trees in the garden opposite the Royal Residence. XII.3. Issues - The Department lacks skilled staff, especially architects and engineers, to fulfil the on-going assignments within the set time-frame. Equipment such as computers, printers, GPS and cameras is also insufficient. XIII. The Department of Land Use Planning and Habitat Management in the Angkor Park (DATGHA) The Department of Land Use Planning and Habitat Management in the Angkor Park is tasked with the following: Land use planning; Control of buildings; Religious and Built heritage; Relationships with the population; Ethnographic research; Engaging with trans-sectoral projects. XIII.1. Main duties XIII.1.1. Land use planning INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - Design of the Land Use Plan. In cooperation with New Zealand, a first experiment of participatory land use plan engaging villagers was carried out in Rohal and North Srah Srang villages within the framework of the APNRM&L Community Development Project - Land inventory (land registry) Localisation, identification, recording and measuring of land have been undertaken in the ten targeted villages of the collaborative project with New Zealand APNRM&L (Angkor Participatory Natural Resources Management and Livelihood): i) Rohal, North Srah Srang, South Srah Srang and Kravan, Sangkat Nokor Thom, Krung Siem Reap, ii) Banteay Srey and Tuol Krâlanh, Khum Khna Sanday, Srok Banteay Srey, iii) Leang Day and Phloung, Khum Leang Day, Srok Angkor Thom, and iv) Trapeang Sès Chas and Kasen Tbaung Chas, Khum Kauk Châk. Only built lands have undergone measured drawing. The measurement and recording of rice fields will be done using aerial pictures. The staff of the Department will be trained in GIS at the start of the new ACHA Project (Angkor Community Heritage & Economic Advancement), also in collaboration with New Zealand. The programme may be extended to other villages of the Park depending of the evolution of the ACHA Project. - Land use titles granted to the population As soon as the technical staff has been trained on GIS use, a first operation will take place in two villages in January 2015. XIII.1.2. Control of buildings - Construction permit granted Building permit requests are sent to the DAGTHA, which then proceeds to an on-site verification, analysis of the documents and drafting of relevant guidelines submitted to the APSARA National Authority director general, who has the power whether or not to grant a permit. In 2014 the following cases were dealt with: . Received requests: 309 . Requests processed: 308 . Permits issued: 217 . Rejected requests: 184 . Advice given: 7 . Dossiers postponed to the next period: 1 - Post-construction checking (certificate of compliance) This regular activity was set up in 2006 and has since been followed upon. In 2014, 492 places were checked: . Complying constructions: 183 . Modifications requested: 225 . Construction works not meeting deadlines: 84 - Architecture consulting workshop INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session The DATGHA set up an architecture-consulting workshop to assist the population and the clergy when repairing, renovating and building residential, communal and religious constructions. This service has been offered complimentarily to the population for the past ten years. XIII.1.3. Religious and Built heritage Wat Bakong restoration project’s Experts of the Association Restorers Without Borders have trained one technician of the Department in the restoration of wall paintings. He was then able to retouch damaged areas. XIII.1.4. Relationships with the population - Awareness raising Within the framework of the awareness raising campaign, the Department has appointed a delegate to each of the committees in charge of raising awareness among the population in the five Krungs and Sroks of the Angkor Park. - Liaison officers A liaison officer corps has been created within the framework of the Community Development Project in cooperation with New Zealand. Their task is to uphold close relationships with the community. Within the APNRM&L Project in collaboration with New Zealand, 15 staff members have been hired and trained. In the first instance, an officer will oversee one district then, at a later stage, one commune. These officers will be trained similarly to those of the Community Rangers of the ACHA Project in cooperation with New Zealand. XIII.1.5. Research on intangible heritage - Royal ancient roads study The APSARA National Authority research team has continued the study on the ancient road from Angkor to Wat Phu in Laos and to the ancient Cham city of Vijaya (Binh Dinh province) in Vietnam. The project is extending and includes Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. - Studies on villagers’ traditions and customs As the guidelines have been set on management of intangible heritage in the Angkor Park, a technical team has been composed to start enquiring with villagers living in the Angkor Park on traditions and customs. XIII.1.6. Cross-departmental projects Srah Srang complex development project, in collaboration with Jet tours company and UNESCO. The dismantlement of the stones of the jetty has been completed. They are being reassembled. The project’s implementation was delayed due to the construction executive. A new team made up of two technical officers from the Risk Map has been set up. They are taking over the project under the supervision of Mr. Michel Verrot. - Project in cooperation with New Zealand INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session The Angkor Participatory Natural Resources Management and Livelihoods (APNRM&L) community development project was completed on the 30th of September, 2013. The success of the project gave birth to a new project: Angkor Community Heritage & Economic Advancement (ACHA). A Memorandum of Understanding was signed on the 4th of June, 2014 and the project started in December of 2014, with an earmarked budget of US$3.8 million over five years. It aims at the sustainable development of the Angkor Park through the protection of heritage while securing economic prosperity and food security for the people living in the Park. The three fields of activity are: i) economic activities in villages; ii) development of resources and community participation and iii) management of natural resources. - Miscellaneous projects The DATGHA is also involved in other projects: Improvement works on the West Baray under the leadership of the Department of Water Management. Rubbing of inscriptions, spearheaded by the Angkor International Research and Documentation Centre. XIII.2. Activities to be continued The Department is continuing its main duties such as land recording, granting construction permits, awareness raising campaigns and research on intangible heritage. The Department contributed to the APSARA National Authority’s special projects. As soon as the assignments end, the respective departments leading these projects will take over the management of the Run Ta-Ek ecovillage, the Tani Kiln Site Angkor Ceramic Museum, the Banteay Srei parvis, the landscaping of an arboretum for the Youth International Forum, etc. XIII.3. Outcomes of the DATGHA assignments The Department of Land-use Planning and Habitat Management of the Angkor Park (DATGHA), besides its basic duties, also contributed to the following APSARA National Authority projects: - The development of the Banteay Srei parvis; The development plan of the Run Ta Ek ecovillage; Design of the development plan of the Tani Archaeological Park and construction and exhibition of the Tani site Angkor Ceramic Museum; Development of the Khmer Habitat Interpretation Centre; The restoration of Wat Bakong Vihear and wall paintings; Implementation of Phase 1 of the Srah Srang complex development project; Development of the Angkor Participatory Natural Resources Management and Livelihoods in cooperation with New Zealand in ten villages of the Angkor Park; Design of the House construction handbook in the Angkor Park, Major involvement in devising the guidelines pursuant to the management of the Angkor Park’s intangible heritage; Engaging in the research on Angkorean royal roads, on archeometallurgy and rock art. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session XIV. Department of technical support and cross-sectoral projects Established in 2008, it is made up of three Units: - The Road and Bridge Unit; The cross-sectoral projects Unit; The GIS and Data Unit. XIV.1. Roads and Bridges Unit XIV.1.1. Project studies: - Study and design of the development of a road from the APSARA National Authority office to Phnom Bok and of roads to be constructed in 2015. Studies and design of community projects in Bakong, Angkor Thom, Puork and Siem Reap Town. XIV.1.2. Monitoring and control - Of the construction and repair works carried out by the Cam Tan Ship Co.Ltd. Company. XIV.2. The Cross-sectoral projects Unit - Engaging with the implementation of the restoration projects of temples and the design of the Risk Map. XIV.3. The GIS and Data Unit - Monitoring of the 3D pictures taken at Angkor Wat; Control of the on-line installation works and of the sound and image system of the APSARA National Authority Conference Hall. XV. Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside the Angkor Park XV.1. Conservation and archaeology XV.1.1. Koh Ker Complex The following works have been carried on different monuments of the site: - Statues In cooperation with the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, seven fragments of pedestals have been sent to the National Museum in Phnom Penh. Excavations were carried out at Prasat Chen’s eastern gate with a view to finding the missing pedestals of the Rama and Hanuman statues. Three stone pedestals have been found and a wooden shelter built to protect them. Damaged wooden stairs have been removed at Prasat Thom; The vegetation growing on the walls of Prasat Thom has been cleared. - Miscellaneous activities INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Installation of three solar panels to produce electricity for the temple guard housing at Prasat Thom, Trapeang Khna and Pram. Fighting illegal activities: i) Fourteen interventions to stop illegal deforestation activities in the protected zone of Koh Ker and ii) seizure of an electric saw and tools at circa 200 metres to the west of Trapeang Trach. XV.1.2. Beng Mealea temple - Conservation: Excavations were undertaken at Beng Mealea to preserve sandstone artefacts later sent to the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum A survey of the condition of the stones was carried out prior to installing the new platform of the new itinerary tour and to complete the Risk Map. The locations where the sandstone needs to be extracted at Thmor Dap quarry have been identified. These new blocks will be used for the restoration of the Bayon. The laterite blocks that were blocking the water run-off canal of the Ta Ong Old Bridge have been removed. - Site maintenance: The Kham Someth Company has built dirt roads over 950 metres, at 2 metres’ width, around the temple. An ancient wooden bridge inside the temple has been dismantled and replaced by a new wooden bridge of 60 metres in length. The roof of the resting area has been changed. It used to be in thatch and is now covered with tiles. Channels have been dug on the outer side of Beng Mealea Temple for better water run-off towards the north of the site; Trees felled by strong winds were removed and cut up. XV.1.3. Kbal Spean Maintenance has been implemented on site: - Construction of four new water run- off systems and dredging of six canals. - Care of the trees located at the top of the mountain: at the first rest area along the river, along the pathway leading to the top of the hill, along the river behind the stalls, near the guard dwelling and the car park. - Waste collection and cutting of vegetation near the sculptures on the side of the hill, at the linga sculptures, at the reclining Vishnu and near the waterfall. XV.1.4. Chau Srei Vibol temple - Conservation: Detailed analysis of the complex structures and of the approach area remains with a view to determining the protected zone. Props will be installed in locations presenting severe damage and on some spans of the east, west and north walls and in the temple’s central area. A 50 metre-long canal has been dug to the west of the guard dwelling. - Vegetation care Plantation of 186 trees; Clearing the vegetation growing on the statues and on the terrace surrounding the temple; INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session Upkeep of the five hectares of forest, with the support of AEON; Waste collection XV.1.5. Phnom Kulen Conservation activities carried out in cooperation with ADF (Archaeology and Development Foundation): - A lion statue was sent from Kulen to the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum. Excavation of four archaeological trenches. Four trenches dug on the citadel at the top of the Kulen. Workers clean the temples on a weekly basis. XV.1.6. Ancient bridges along national road 6: - The eleven ancient bridges located along the NR6 from Roluos to Kampong Kdei are cleaned every month. Repair and installation of two new informative panels at Preah Toeus Bridge. XV.2. Other activities - - In cooperation with the Department of Culture and Fine Arts of Siem Reap province, an illegal backfill was banned at Trapeang Kvak, Srei Nom district, Siem Reap province. The pedestal of a yoni was handed over to the police to be stored at the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum. XV.3. Outcomes of specific projects - - At O Pha Aung temple, the first phase works of consolidation of the structures are completed. Four bathrooms built for tourist use at Phnom Kulen. Eight props installed at Srut, Sralao, Andong Kuk and Banteay Pirchan temples in Koh Ker. In cooperation with the Kham Someth Company, wooden stairs have been built on the northwest corner of Prasat Thom so that tourists may enjoy the Koh Ker landscape. Damaged areas at the temple of Phlang, Puork district, have been propped. 5,000 trees planted (three species, Beng, Yeang and Kok) at different sites, including Phnom Kulen, Beng Mealea and Chau Srei Vibol. XV.4. Issues - Cooperation between the APSARA National Authority and the local authorities with regard to national heritage conservation activities is still limited. Illegal deforestation activities occurred in the protected area of Koh Ker. Arrival of new migrants settling in the protected zone has continued. XVI. Community Work Group - The APSARA National Authority Community Work Group has been established following decision N° 37 SSR of the Council of Ministries, dated 23rd of May 2013. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session - - The Committee in charge of community works includes seven members: One director, two deputy directors, three members and a standing deputy director. This Committee is assisted by five groups of community workers overlooking five districts/towns of the Angkor Park. Presently, the Community Work Group has a standing office managed by the standing deputy director and 5 standing members. XVI.1. Completed works The group is working harmoniously and meets regularly and has managed to successfully carry out its duties since its inception. XVI.1.1. Information campaign in the Angkor Park zones 1 and 2 - First phase (17/02–30/04/2014) The five groups have reached out to communities living in areas under the purview of the APSARA National Authority. They informed them on roles and responsibilities and recent works undertaken, whilst underlining the value of conservation and presentation works carried out by the APSARA National Authority. During this first phase, information was disseminated to 35 villages, reaching 2,589 people. - Second phase (10–28/06/2014) During this second phase, information was disseminated to 51 villages, reaching 3,945 people. - Third phase (27/10–05/12/2014) During this third phase, information was disseminated to 25 villages, reaching 1,950 people. During the three phases, a total of 111 villages or 4,444 people have been informed. XVII.1.2. Meeting communities’ requests During the three phases, the Community Work Groups in collaboration with the Department of Public Order and Cooperation and local authorities answered the requests submitted by communities. These ranged from house repairs to relocation of houses, construction of bathrooms, henhouses, pigsties, barns, rice lofts, stalls, fences, etc. A total of 90 requests were solved. Other types of request were dealt with, including: . 150,000 riel donated to each of the three families who were victims of a fire at Kok Chak commune, Siem Reap town; . 80,000 riel donated to backfill land in a pagoda at the Village of Daun Num, Meanchey Commune, Prasat Bakong district. Donation of 20,000 riel to old people. . A religious celebration was organised to collect 1,304,900 riel and US$72. . A 50,000 riel donation was made to the people of Boss Thom, Ampil Commune on the occasion of assistance given to villagers when uprooting young rice seedlings. . The Preah Dak pagoda was donated 250,000 riel on the occasion of the planting of the Preah Dak Sen Chey community forest; . 110,000 riel was given to the family of a deceased person from the village of Thnaot Chrum, Khum Daun Keo, Puork. . 60,000 riel was given to the family of the village chief whose son passed away at the village of Daun Onn, Khum Daun Keo, Puork. . 200,000 riel was donated to the Angmaol Serey Vong pagoda. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session . The APSARA National Authority donated to the people of Bangkaong and Kirimonn villages to install ducts. . Donation of 3,500 young trees to be planted at the villages and community forests of the Angkor Park. The locals are better informed on the duties of the APSARA National Authority, although their engagement remains limited. The local authorities showed a willingness to cooperate with the APSARA National Authority, especially when inviting locals to attend the information sessions and by hosting meetings. Yet, some district authorities rarely took part in the meetings. XVI.2. Issues - The teams have to regularly reply to questions on the construction of new houses for children leaving the family home. People often mentioned unauthorised constructions built before and during the elections of the 5th mandate. XVII. Inter-ministerial Commission on land issue resolution In 2014, the Commission used all resources available to reach an agreement with the population within the framework of construction of water run-off canals in order to prevent potential floods in the monsoon. The Committee also focused on solving other, previous years’ issues on other projects. XVII.1. Flood management project Following the positive outcomes of the Siem Reap River Management Project (2012-2013), an improvement project of an ancient canal has been conceived in 2014 and implemented within the framework of the APSARA National Authority water management strategy. This canal flows through Leang Dai Commune, Angkor Thom, Kok Chak commune, Siem Reap town up to Daun Keo village, Puork to end its course in Srok River (River which flows in the Tonle Sap). This canal extends over 35 kilometres. The work of the Commission is supported by an existing, proven scheme that has worked when solving issues in the Angkor Thom district and Siem Reap town. Other members from the authorities and specialised units of Daun Keo and Lvea communes, Puork district, have joined with the Commission to implement the whole project. The Commission worked in close relationship with the concerned authorities to jointly solve with the population the impacts of the project and to gain its support, notably during the study phase, the start and the implementation of the project. Up until the end of October, 328 project-impacted families have been consulted, with 287 compensated. Discussions and further surveys have continued for the other affected families. The outcomes showed that the population is engaged in the presentation and conservation work (here the improvement of an ancient canal) of monuments. It has a better understanding of the sustainable development issues that the improvement project touches upon, as, once improved, the canal will provide water for farming, prevent flooding and contribute to tourism development. This year’s outcome also proves that success comes on the footsteps of the efforts rolled out in previous years and that the Commission has put in all its resources to solve any conflicting issues. The locals have also a better understanding of and more respect for the law on land. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session XVII.2. Solving pending issues XVII.2.1. Completion of the management project of the Siem Reap River (2012-2013) - To financially compensate families which have been affected by the project. - To continue negotiations with four families that are requesting higher compensation amounts than put forth by the State. - To encourage eight families which houses stand on the ancient dike to leave this land, which is State property. - Three families, motivated by their endearment for heritage and the value of the APSARA National Authority project, have donated 41,965 m2 of land and several plantations to the APSARA National Authority without asking for any compensation. The donation represents US$30,000. The Commission and the district and city authorities have agreed to ask the government to award and present honorary medals to show their gratitude. XVII.2.2. Construction of the bypass road (Korean ring road 2011-2012) - Requests from 76 families asking the APSARA National Authority to install ducts in the canal alongside their houses have been looked into. 33 locations have been identified for these ducts in the commune of Leang Dai, Angkor Thom district, and the works will be carried out. - Final check on the construction of new houses replacing old houses still to be dismantled. . 129 new houses have been built and comply with the Model Khmer House recommended by the APSARA National Authority. The old houses have been dismantled. . Five new houses are being built, although the former houses are still standing. . One new house is being built, although the old house is already fully dismantled. . Eight new houses have been built without respecting the APSARA National Authority-recommended Model Khmer House and the old houses have already been dismantled. . Landlords still live in six old houses pending the start of the construction of the new houses. . Two old houses have been completely dismantled although works on the new houses have yet to begin. . One new house has been built to replace an old house but was subsequently sold to Mr. Chourb Chhourn, as the seller acknowledged having secretly built another house during election time. The Commission of control of the impacts has yet to approve this new construction. . The two petrol stations located along the bypass road existed long before the start of the construction of the new road. The APSARA National Authority has started dealing with this matter. XVII.2.3. Construction project of the new 60 m Road leading to the APSARA National Authority offices - Completion of the impact studies of the new 60 m road extending for 9,600 metres. Four plots of land had two titles; an out of court settlement was made. Some locals are still protesting against the construction of the new road, although the decision has been made. Differences regarding the construction of the road leading to the APSARA National Authority premises are almost settled. Only three families are still in negotiations although the road is now completed. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 21st Plenary Session XVII.2.4. Scout camp projects On-going land negotiations regarding the location of the scout camp (21 hectares are missing); surveys and compensations were settled late 2014. XVII.2.5. Tourism and Cultural City Project - Due to insufficient financing, the study, survey and compensation project has been shelved although solutions have been found for lands with two titles. Updating the list of land where landlords have been compensated. Files have been prepared to deal with 12 cases of land grabbing in order to ask the squatters to abandon their premises. Fight against additional cases of abuse and land grabbing belonging to the State. XVII.2. Main issues The authorities are not fully committed in the fight against illegal constructions. Measures taken against these illegal constructions are not applied smoothly. When the population refuses financial compensation, the transactions take a long time, which consequently delays the process and the works related to the land registry management and the community works of the APSARA National Authority. The Commission’s operation was often hampered by complaints lodged which complicated the negotiation process. INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014 Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King 2014 Financial Report, Receipts and Disbursements APSARA National Authority In riel I. Receipts total Account II. 108,496,436,903.84 Account name 7307 Bypass Road Toll 7308 Miscellaneous receipts 7511 Public subsidies 78,960,000,000.00 7531 Preservation and development Funds 28,406,483,177.00 7532 Miscellaneous supports 299,380,234.00 7661 Exchange rate margins 364,226,592.84 385,275,000.00 81,071,900.00 Disbursements Total Account 110,820,194,516.29 Account Name 6011 Maintenance and sanitation material 29,383,860.00 6012 Material for building and temples maintenance 14,291,500.00 6013 Material for maintenance of roads, bridges and sewages 41,530,200.00 6015 Petrol 6021 Stationary and publication 400,184,141.30 6022 Books and documentation 3,303,900.00 6023 IT and Photocopiers 6041 Uniforms 6042 Officers and workers uniforms 6051 Technical material and equipment 679,461,415.00 6052 Furniture 134,560,700.00 6053 Products used daily 388,265,880.00 6054 Transportation material and equipment 277,994,000.00 6055 Equipment mechanical spare parts 127,628,300.00 6061 Electricity 997,980,360.00 6062 Water 6081 Road signs 6111 Cleaning of the Angkor site and of the ANA offices 3,544,542,283.00 471,064,910.00 7,119,000.00 21,444,000.00 1,528,100.00 176,052,264.00 Financila Report 2014 4,727,213,765.00 6121 Transportation vehicles rental 6131 Office premises rental 56,658,000.00 6141 Staff training in Cambodia and abroad 16,826,700.00 6150 Maintenance and restoration of statues and temples 6151 Upkeep and management of the Angkor forest 6152 Maintenance, restoration and construction of buildings 10,174,509,464.00 6153 Maintenance, restoration and construction of roads, bridges 54,588,597,783.00 6154 Maintenance of the power grid 126,093,400.00 6155 Maintenance of the bypass road 951,136,900.00 6156 Maintenance and repair of transportation vehicles 887,271,175.00 6157 Maintenance and repair of technical tools, office and IT equip 6158 Material of the kiosks of the officers and workers 6159 Maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment 6171 Laboratory expenses 6172 Services expenses 6173 Miscellaneous rights expenses 6174 Compensation 6175 Data collection on built heritage in the Siem Reap/Angkor reg 6176 Research on Angkorian culture, ancient kiln and ceramic 6177 Community and farming developments in the Angkor region 6178 Rescue archaeology works 6179 Construction works of Khmer habitat 6181 Transportation of material and products 6212 Fees of contracted international consultants 6221 Hosting national guests 6222 Hosting international guests 121,691,370.00 6223 Meeting, seminar and conference 333,561,131.00 6224 Miscellaneous parties 144,824,800.00 6225 Purchase of souvenir gifts in Cambodia an abroad 6226 Domestic and foreign exhibitions 6227 Dissemination and information campaign to the public 6229 Sporting event 6231 Monthly purchase of newspaper and other documentation 6242 Country assignments 1,370,098,586.00 6252 Assignments abroad 65,044,777.20 6261 Postal expenses 122,315,500.00 1,039,721,428.00 157,270,728.00 85,096,105.00 132,743,590.00 34,794,300.00 1,000,000.00 16,832,500.00 9,748,200.00 3,191,558,756.19 9,760,000.00 426,000.00 794,203,839.00 44,529,500.00 451,000.00 5,580,000.00 1,044,108,228.00 57,565,100.00 4,436,600.00 10,552,500.00 319,095,230.50 18,988,400.00 2,520,000.00 2,175,400.00 Financila Report 2014 6262 Telecommunication expenses 28,528,606.00 6263 Internet connection expenses 409,451,980.60 6271 Bank transfer fees 85,585,322.50 6282 Tourism infrastructure development 12,034,000.00 6286 Management of electric cars 59,529,200.00 6311 Fiscal stamp 6321 Imported goods duty tax 6421 Basic salary 6423 Compensation for working during bank holidays 6426 Relocation compensation 6431 Bonus to project manager appointment 77,000,000.00 6432 Financing the Night Entertainments Management Committee 31,815,000.00 6433 Driver uniforms 83,970,200.00 6435 Food and drink of site staff 160,464,800.00 6437 Food and drink of staff at the new ANA seat 918,961,900.00 6438 Transportation of staff to the new ANA seat 368,052,500.00 6439 Motorbikes repair 142,581,000.00 6441 Wages of temple workers 6445 Wages of cleaning staff 238,380,000.00 6446 Wages of temple conservation, forest and tourism officers 675,165,090.00 6452 Pregnancy support 1,400,000.00 6453 Death support 7,964,000.00 6454 Retirement support 4,500,000.00 6455 Support to resigning staff 1,266,000.00 6455 Support to staff victim of accident 6514 Support to Heritage Police 166,236,000.00 6515 Support to Tourism Police 83,706,000.00 6516 Support to office guards 102,961,000.00 6517 Miscellaneous support and gifts 281,674,570.00 6518 Support to staff of Public Order Department and to firemen 991,577,900.00 6519 Emergency support in the Angkor Park 6568 Support to international organisations 6661 Exchange rate loss 2,905,000.00 59,813,000.00 12,488,881,400.00 1,292,937,160.00 2,986,000.00 3,597,434,290.00 400,000.00 7,350,000.00 447,367,495.00 1,979,533.00 Deficit (2,323,757,612.45) NB : 1. non-capital outlay of 110,820,194,516.29 riel is divided as follows: Fund for the preservation and development of Angkor Financila Report 2014 35,309,551,358.00 Miscellaneous support 191,956,443.00 Public subsidies 75,318,686,715.29 2. Disbursement of public funds of 110,820,194,516.29 riel is divided as follows for real-estate: 2014 real-estate account 34,370,884,685.19 Account Name of Account 2113 Cultural City land 1,232,622,864.94 2125 Miscellaneous working site lands 1,405,700,141.25 2131 Constructions-buildings 1,615,573,218.00 2141 Roads 2148 Hydraulic networks construction 201,454,546.00 2181 Transportation materials and tools 277,994,000.00 2182 Office materials and stationary 404,108,800.00 2183 IT and telecommunication materials 240,441,515.00 2184 Movable 134,434,700.00 2185 Electric equipments 2186 Mechanical tools and daily use products 28,725,000,000.00 19,746,100.00 113,808,800.00 Siem Reap on 10th of March, 2015 report drafted by Read and approved by Department of Finance and Bookkeeping Director Chong Sunleng Read and approved by Director General Financila Report 2014