The potential of monks in organizing education for children and

Transcription

The potential of monks in organizing education for children and
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POTENTIAL OF MONKS IN ORGA}.{IZING EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN AND
IN RURAL AREAS : A CASB STUDY OF KHUKHAN RATBAMRTING SCHOOL,
DISTRICT, SI-SA-KET PROVINCE.)
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4037735
LCRUA{ : MAIOR : RURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES ; M.A.
(RI.JRAL DEVELOPMENT STI.JDIES)
KEY
WORDS : POTENTTAL IMONKS
/ ORGANTZING EDUCATION
TRIVICH JOMVONG : TIIE POTENTIAL OF MONKS IN
EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN AND JWENILES IN RURAL AREAS : A
STUDY OF KHUKHAN RATBAMRI.JNG SCHOOL, KHUKHAN DISTRICT, SI
SA-KET PROVINCE. THESIS ADVISORS : IAM THONGDEE M.A., YONG
BURASITII M.A., PORNTIP USUPARAT M.A. 176 p. ISBN 974ry-n3l-8
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This thesis analyzes the potential of Buddhist monks in organizing
for children and juveniles in rural areas in 6 aspects : 1) personnel 2) budget 3
buildings, place and durable supply 4) technical administration 5) children activiti
administration and 6) relationship between the school and the community.
qualitative methodology was used. The objectives were, 1) to study
potential of Buddhist monks in organizing education for children and juveniles 2)
study the factors that are supportable or obstructive and 3) to study the guidelines i
supporting and development of the potential of Buddhist monks in organizi
education for children and juveniles.
A
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The result 6f *ris research showed that Buddhist monks haven't the efficien
potential to organizs education in the 6 aspects, 1) Personnel, lacking their harmony
experience and continuing work 2) School still depend on the budget from
government sector and can't perfectly seek investment from the community 3)
lacks Buildings, place and modern material equipment and durable supply 4
Community has no participation in organizing education to be suitable with
community's anticipation 5) Students have not got the independence and creati
ideas to do activities for the public 6)It still lacks cooperation both Buddhist
and community organizations. Factors effecting to the potential for
education by Buddhist monks found that the internal factors supporting, are
leadership, knowledgeable personnel and welfare services for students.
obstacle factors are the lack of budget, buildings, place, material and equipment,
lack of good public utility. External promoting factors are good relationshi
between the school and the student's guardians, cooperation between the
groups and helping the budget from the government sector. Extemal obstacles are it
is not receiving support from groups of Buddhist monks and communi
organizations.
Suggestions from this study are organizing education by Buddhist monks
it must receive promotion and support from Buddhist
organizations and local organizations especially supporting Buddhist monks
organize education in the pattern of Buddhist charity schools of districts.
efficiency,
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Copyright by Mahidol University
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I
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2s42 .
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srasrf ru rrivrord'uqh freJl::ilrfr :rs.
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nq fllder:rur.t
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f,f,.u. (fi'$ilrryuuvrfrnsr)
riarfisrivrsrfis uilrinurauufi oa
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(zs4z). nlrurflung.
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:J:v'lu
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In:qnr:qudnr:flnurtdoEilsulur{nQtur (oosr : n:dfinur firuurifie#o$mov#ru
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: roRdl:il: v nounr:f,ruruur f :ltt:u ttn:udl sttsvtto: r ior
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d{nilrnvisrut::ildruurlmu.({rvrn qun:mdu, u::arrfinr:)
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flnurs'nr:f,smioaTavtnu ,drfnlru .(2s43). do{anr:flnur araur uas{plur::ru. rondt:
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arurfio:fi foruiq:ti. (2s33). nr:frrrnr:rru?rrnr:nrsluI:rr€uurl:soruflnur d'rfirrdrfn.rru
nsurn::unr:nr:il:gnilfinuril?iqfl 6' finuttqutvn:d
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(2524). nr:drufluuloururtavnr:rfrflurtflrrryulu:v0ver'r.
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zs+0.
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Executive Summary
/
168
t
Executive Summary
THE POTENTIAL OF MONKS IN ORGANZING EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN
AND JIIVENILES IN RIJRAL AREAS : A CASE STUDY OF
MG
SCHOOL, KHI]KHAN DISTRICT, SI.SA-KET PROVINCE.
iF
Summary
of abstract
This thesis analyzes the potential of Buddhist monks in organizing education for children
and juveniles
in rural areas in 6 aspects : 1) personnel2) budget 3) buildings, place and durable
supply 4) technical adminisfiation 5) children activities administration and 6) relationship between
the school and the community.
A qualitative methodology was
used. The objectives were,
l)
to study the potential of
Buddhist 6enks in organizing education for children and juveniles 2) to snrdy the factors that are
supportable or obstnrctive and 3) to study the guidelines
in supporting and development of
the
potential of Buddhist penks in organizing education for children and juveniles.
The result of this research showed that Buddhist monks haven't the efficiency potential to
t
organize education
in the 6
aspects, 1) Personnel, lacking their harmony, experience and
continuing work 2) School still depend on the budget from the government sector and can't
perfectly seek inveshent from the community 3) It lacks Buildings, place and modem material
equipment and durable sqpply 4) Conmunity has no participation in organizing education to be
suitable with the community's anticipation 5) Students have not got the independence and creative
ideas
to do activities for the public 6)It still lacks
cooperation both Buddhist monks and
community organizations. Factors effecting to the potential for organizing education by Buddhist
monks found that the intemal factors supporting, are stong leadership, knowledgeable personnel
and welfare services for students. lnternal obstacle factors are the lack ofbudget, buildings, placeo
material and equipment, and lack of good public utility. Extemal promoting factors are good
I
relationships between the school and the student's guardians, cooperation between the school
Copyright by Mahidol University
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169
t
groups and helping the budget from the government sector. Extemal obstacles are
it
is not
receivi.g support from groups of Buddhist 6enks and community organizations.
Suggestions from this study are organizing education by Buddhist 6snks for efEciency,
it
must receive promotion and support from Buddhist monks organizations and local organizations
especially supporting Buddhist monls to organize education in the pattem of Buddhist charity
schools of disticts.
I
Introduction
In the 1999 National Education
and Sangha were as follows
Ac!
the educational management stategies for the temple
:
1. The temple and Sangha must be
involved in the national education process at all levels.
2.The temple and Sangha must be have a correct educational system.
3. The Sangha must me more proactive to schools and communities.
4. Providing supplementary educational systems to children is regarded as developing
theirknowledge.
5. The temple must be a genuine educational promotion source for the youth and the
public, such
asn
having a library in the temple ground.
In addition, when the objectives and educational principles of the Act were taken into
*
consideration, they reflected a. gre*;t sfiuctural reform of the national education. Article 6 stated
that educational management must be to develop Thai people into a complete being in terms
of
physical, mental, intellectual, ethical, knowledge and culnre for their livelihood so that they could
co-exist with others happily. The principle was based on public participation in educational
management. Article 8 (2) stated that individuals, families, communities, community groups, local
arlministrative organizations, NGO, professional organizations, religious institutions, businesses
and other social institutions must be involved in managing educational structures and processes.
Article 9 (6) deliberated this conceptual framework that all social sectors must take part in
organizing education for their children, In particular the religious instinrtion had
I
and manage education for children and youths formally or otherwise.
a
right to provide
Copyright by Mahidol University
Executive Summary
flrsrtil1'lnresd oorurlri
i
170
t
The 1999 Actput a significance on the Buddhist institution by supporting the temple to be
an education center for the commrmity in ethical, cultural, knowledge and occupational terms.
It
provided poor people an equal right to have access to education. When the state had a policy to
support the temple and Sangha to participate
in
educational management for the poor
in rural
areas in particular, questions raised were that did the 6snks have a potential to manage education
and what factors were supporting or impeding their potentiality and how would the development
guidelines be ? To search for the 4nswers of these questions, and investigation on a temple that
t
was actively
involved in the activities was canied out in order to realize its operational guidelines,
strengths and weaknesses of such an tmdertaking.
Objectives
1. To study the potentiality of the monks in organizing education for children and
juveniles in rural area.
2. To investigate the factors supporting or impeding the monks' potentiality in organizing
education for children andjuveniles
inrural
areas
.
3. To study guidelines in developing and promotrng monks' potentiality in organizing
education for children and juveniles.
I
Scope
ofthe study
The scope of this investigation wa.s as follows
:
1.3.1 Scope of the content
1.3.1.1 Studying the funda:nental data of the area, including general information
of
the district and the province, .and of the district Sangha in terms of educational and training
provision to children and youths within the district.
I.3.1.2 Studying the operations of the school in 6 aspects, namely, personnel,
budget, buildings, place and durable supply, students' activities administration, and community
I
participation.
Copyright by Mahidol University
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1.3.1.3 Studying factors supporting or imfeding to the operations
in organizing
education for children and youths in rural area.
1.3.1.4 Studying the guidelines
in
d'eveloping
and promoting the monks'
educational management operations for.children and youths in rural area.
1.3.2 The area
under investigation was Khukhan Ratbamrung School, Khukhan district
of Si- Sa- Ket province.
1.3.3 Population and sample group included school adminisfiators, students, parents
well as individuals involved in educational management which included
*
staffers, the
distict
as
teachersn operational
Sangha and communities around the temple.
1.3.4 The period of investigation was
l0 months, starting fomr July 2001 - April2002.
Expected results
1.
To know the potentiality of monks in organizing education for children and juveniles in
rural areas.
2. To realize the factors confributing 1s e1 imFeding the monks' potential in organizing
education for children andjuveniles in rural areas.
3. To know the guidelines in solving problems and developing the potentiality of monks
t
in terms of organizing education for childrm and juveniles in rural regions.
4. To assist those involved in religious affairs to realize the potentiality of monks in
organizing education for rural children and juveniles as well as guidelines to promote and develop
such potential.
Research of methodology
This Thesis employed a qualitative methodology to collect data about the potential of
monks in educational management for children and juveniles in rural areas. The methods of data
collections are the followings
*
l.
2,
:
Documentarycollection
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Field data collection which has the pattern to study namely;
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2.1 Observation that can be divided into 3 parts:
1.
General observation for community.
2.
General observation of the school.
3.
The observation form of the insruction and interaction inside and outside
the classrooms anrong teachers and students.
2.2 Interview
-
using both'formal and informal interview according to the guidelines
that researcher has created for the interview of the key- information such as the
authorized pe$ion, the manager and the leaders of the community.
i
2.3 field record.
Result of the study
Educational management for children by the nnenks is regarded as creating its role
beneficial to the society, providing a chance for children to have a proper physical and mental
development.
At the same time, it also provides
professions and livelihood
parents an opportunity
to carry out their
fully. It is also a type of public welfare work, providing ethical and
spiritual knowledge for children which is a duty of the monks. The monks are a crucial mechanism
in revival the religious role for developing wisdom and spfituality of people in the society. Such
a
*
role could be handled by the 6enks without violating the Vinaya principles. Moreover, it
further caries out Buddhism, providing monks an opportunity to contribute to the society, creating
a closer relationship between home and the temple through children.
From the results of study, Fact finding about the potentiality of the monks on children and
youths education management conducted at the Khukhan Ratbamrung School in Khukhan district"
Si- sa-ket Province. it can be st'mmarized following
:
1. Personnel
Two favorable potentiality aspects are:
1. Quantitative Aspect The number of teachen available is one
rl
(l)
teacher per twenty-
eight (28) students. This number is under ADB standard, which requires one
(l)
teacher for
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twenty-five (25) students only. However, this number is still at an acceptable level.
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2. Qualitative Aspect The majority of the teachers are bachelor degtee graduates. They
have been occasionally authorized to attend .courses required to upgrade their teaching and
working performances. Such supplementary counles beneficially assist their teaching assignments
and students' learning capability. In addition, the school has Luang por, a head monk who has
been given license to run the school as a leader (principal). With the characteristic of leadership,
capable
of efEciently mobilizing
resources
in support of better education
managemento school
management has effectively been caried out with favorable outcome. The unfavorable aspect is
t
lack of coordination and clear-cut performance standards.
Conditional factors : The teachers in the school lack of cooperation (esprit de corps),
favor to help to each other, devotion for work,
and work experience because all of them are new
teachers who are just working in the school in a short time. Therefore, they lack of knowledge to
understand to each other.
Solutions
: It is considerable to encourage the teachers to work
together with good
cooperation, to provide the personnel training course to every section to make them accept the
reasonable ideas
of others, and to encourage the school personnel provide more activities for
sfiengthening good cooperation at least one time / semester.
2. Budget
The school has a limited budget potential because
*
(l) for income collection,
more than
80% of the school main income is from the government subsidy per person, The remain is from
the donation of local people and commercial companies.
It is not much. (2) For budget allocation,
the school had provides a lot sum of .budget for the invesbnent and school development.
Contrarily, the school annual expense, besides for the teacher salary had been allocated in a little
bit sum of budget which is unbalanced .
The obstruction factor : The school relies too much on the government subsidy per person
without requesting for the fund
from other firnd sources in order to support
the teaching
management perform more fluently.
Solutions : Besides obtaining the goven:ment subsidy, the school should also realize the
*
importance
of
income earning from other fund sources. The income management should be
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performed with the most benefits. Moreover
n
for income management, it should aim significantly
to the studelrt quality development to make them get the knowledge with firll potential.
3. Buildings, place and durable supply
The school has no adequate potential in buildings, materials and equipment. Factors : (1)
unadequate classroom building (2) the number of classrooms are unbalanced with the students (3)
shortage
of materials and equipment
necessaf,y
to the teaching. The existing ones are old and
disrepaired.
Solutions : Regarding to the buildings and classrooms, the school has two solutions
temporary solution
: by using the temple's preaching hall and canteen of the school as the
classrooms including constucting
an additional
constructing
l)
a temporary classroom building 2) long-term
solution : by
permanent classroom building. However, for the provision of materials
and equipment which is low attentive, the school should allocate the budget for necessary material
and equipment procurement to strengthen the efficiency of the student teaching especially the
equipment
for teaching media such as television, slide monitor, and scientific equipment
etc.
including paying attention to the existing equipment maintenance, repairing the disrepaired
as
soon as possible.
4. The technical admlnistration
The school has the technical administration potential in three aspects.
academic adminisfiation
in line with
(l)
Regarding
syllabus objectives, there were meetings between
administations and persons involved to let them know about the academic policy and the set
operation plans were appropriately implemented. (2) As for work allocation, the school has
assigned work according to the ability of qach person. (3) The school has assessed the formative
evaluation during the semester and the summative evaluation at the end
However,
it
has less potential
in providing
of
each semester.
educational media and inviting the community to
participate in organizing lgnshing and lebming activities
.
The reasons for this are as follows: 1) School administrations are not interested in the
production of educational media or encouraging teachers to produce educational tools out of
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things they can they can find in their locality 2) Parents do not understand the teaching and
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leaming process of the present syllabus. 3) There is no budget to publish a school journal that can
publicize the work of the school and let parents know about it.
Solutions. The existing educational media should be regularly maintained so that they are
in good condition and be ready for work. As for the lock of equipment, especially the modern and
high-tech one, the school should raise funds from outside. For example,
it
can seek cooperation
from the parents' association, ah:mni;,association or private sector regarding the purchase of
educational media. As for parents' participation in organizing teaching and leaming activities , the
solution is to publicize more about school activities. ln addition opportunities should be given to
f
community leaders as well as community commiffee to have more role
in the school's
undertaking.
5. Administration
of Students' activities
The school has enough potential in offering students welfare service because 1) there is a
free school bus service 2) there is free lunch service for all students 3) there is a school co-op, and
4) there are scholarships for students who are well-behaved and bring good reputation to the
school. However, the work is still incomplete. This is because 1) there is no health insurance
service, and 2) there is no service regarding public utilities and buildings.
The school does not use its full capacity in encouraging students to do activities together.
This is because 1) students lack autonomy and initiative to do activities for the public, and 2) The
a.
student committee is not given enough support to assume the role as it should be.
Solution: 1) Regarding the student health service, the school should issue a health
insurance card
for
each student, which
will
enable them
to ask for a health service from
government hospitals. 2) The Budget for public utilities and building, for example, water for use,
drinking water or an infirmary and a canteen should be increased to the right proportion, 3)
Counselors or guidance teachers should encourage studeng to build up their selF confidence and
initiate their own activities.
6. Relationships with the community
I
The school and the commuuity sometimes have opportunities to do development work
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together . In addition, the school has also contacted work agencies stores, companies as well
as
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{
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parents
to seek their financial
support
for the
purchase
of
educational media. However, its
potential concerning relations with the community is not yet fully developed.
This is because 1) The Sangha do not participate in grving help and support; 2) there is
not enough coopemtion among local agencies; and 3) the community lacks
understanding
regarding the participation on their part in organizing educational opportunities for their children.
Solutions: Regarding its relations with the temple, the school should have systematic
educational information and disseminate
,
l.Dl
it to monks
and community members
to let them know
about the affair of the school. As a resulq they can have then shave in organizing and developing
education for their children. As for the cooperation with work agencies in the community, both
sides should be into dependent. For example, they should work together in the development
school premises. Meanwhile, the school should set up work plans or activities that
will
of
stimulate
participation on the part of the community.in establishing policies regarding teachiqg and learning
in line with its needs.
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